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Les Arthropodes Continentaux De Guadeloupe (Petites Antilles)

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Les Arthropodes Continentaux De Guadeloupe (Petites Antilles) Société d’Histoire Naturelle L’Herminier Les Arthropodes continentaux de Guadeloupe (Petites Antilles) : Synthèse bibliographique pour un état des lieux des connaissances. Date Rédaction : François Meurgey 1 Les Arthropodes continentaux de Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises) : Synthèse bibliographique pour un état des lieux des connaissances. Version 1.1 François Meurgey Cette étude a été réalisée sous l’égide de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle L’HERMINIER et a bénéficié d’un financement par le Parc National de Guadeloupe. Ce rapport doit être référencé comme suit : SHNLH (Meurgey, F.), 2011. Les Arthropodes continentaux de Guadeloupe : Synthèse bibliographique pour un état des lieux des connaissances. Rapport SHNLH pour le Parc National de Guadeloupe. 184 pages. Photos page de couverture : Polites tricolor et Thomisidae (en haut), Enallagma coecum , mâle. Clichés Pierre et Claudine Guezennec. 2 AAVERTTISSSSEEMEENTT Ce travail est uniquement basé sur l’analyse et le dépouillement de la bibliographie relative aux Arthropodes de Guadeloupe. Les listes d’espèces proposées dans ce premier état des lieux sont préliminaires et doivent être corrigées et améliorées, mais également régulièrement mises à jour par les spécialistes, au gré des nouvelles données transmises et des compilations bibliographiques. Nous souhaitons prévenir le lecteur (surtout le spécialiste) qu’il est inévitable que des erreurs se soient glissées dans cette étude. Des espèces manquent très certainement, d’autres n’existent pas ou plus en Guadeloupe et un très grand nombre d’entre elles devraient voir leur statut révisé. Nous sommes bien entendu ouverts à toutes critiques, pourvu qu’elles servent à améliorer ce travail. 3 SOOMMMAIIREE INTRODUCTION ET REMERCIEMENTS .................................................................................... 5 PREMIERE PARTIE : OBJECTIFS ET DEMARCHE ....................................................................... 6 METHODOLOGIE ADOPTEE..................................................E .............................................. 8 Les fiches taxons............................................................................................................ 8 Groupes taxonomiques pris en compte ......................................................................... 8 LIMITES DE L’ETUDE ET PRECAUTIONS..................................................S ............................10 Exhaustivité ..................................................................................................................10 Exactitude des informations apportées.........................................................................10 DEUXIEME PARTIE : SYNTHESE DE L’ETUDE...........................................................................11 Bilan chiffré des connaissances..................................................s .......................................11 Diversité des Arthropodes continentaux en Guadeloupe..................................................e 13 Une connaissance globalement faible et des informations dispersées..............................18s Niveau de connaissance et besoins en matière de recherche pour les ordres traités. .......19 Un niveau de connaissance variable en fonction des groupes taxonomiques....................20s ENDEMISME .........................................................................................................................22 FICHES DE SYNTHESE ............................................................................................................23 EMBRANCHEMENT DES ONYCHOPHORA ..........................................................................24 EMBRANCHEMENT DES ARTHROPODA.............................................................................28 Sous embranchement des CHELICERATA ......................................................................29 Sous embranchement des HEXAPODA..................................................A ........................45 Sous embranchement des MYRIAPODA......................................................................155 Sous embranchement des CRUSTACEA..................................................A .....................160 BIBLIOGRAPHIE...................................................................................................................162 REPERTOIRE DES SPECIALISTES...........................................................................................182 4 INTRODUCTION ET REMERCIEMENTS Les invertébrés, au sens large, dominent nettement la biodiversité actuelle par le nombre d’espèces déjà décrites, mais également par le fait que ces organismes sont répandus partout et occupent l’ensemble des niches écologiques présentes sur la Terre (sauf les mers). Les insectes représentent plus de la moitié des espèces vivantes actuelles et on dénombre environ 1 000 000 d’espèces à l’heure actuelle, dont notamment 350000 espèces de Coléoptères, 150000 diptères et 120000 lépidoptères. Le domaine Néotropical auquel appartiennent les Antilles possède une faune invertébrée diversifiée, avec souvent de nombreuses espèces endémiques et de nouveaux taxons sont régulièrement décrits. Cette diversité rend très difficile le travail de synthèse des connaissances avec des publications nombreuses, mais souvent anciennes, dispersées ou bien en langues étrangères. Dans le but de disposer d’une base fiable à l’élaboration d’un référentiel taxonomique, le Parc National de Guadeloupe a confié à la Société d’Histoire Naturelle L’Herminier la réalisation d’une étude visant à rassembler les informations sur les arthropodes continentaux issues de la bibliographie existante. La necessité de connaître et de recenser les invertébrés de Guadeloupe a conduit le service scientifique du Parc National de Guadeloupe à engager en 1990 un premier travail de recolement des études et inventaires réalisés et publiés sur ce sujet. Les références recueillies ont été saisies dans une Base de données bibliographique informatisée grâce au logiciel CDS/ISIS – Ver. 3.071 © UNESCO – 1995, et un premier rapport bibliographique a été publié par le Parc national en octobre 1994 (Redaud et Dufour, 1994). Nous avons, pour cette étude, largement bénéficié de ce premier travail, bien que nous l’ayons étendu à l’ensemble des Arthropodes terrestres et pas seulement aux insectes. Cette étude a reçu l’aide de nombreux contributeurs que nous avons plaisir à remercier : Wilson Lourenço (MNHN), Gérard Chovet (INRA-Duclos, Guadeloupe), Robert Huc (INRA- Duclos, Guadeloupe), Claudie Pavis (INRA-Duclos, Guadeloupe), Gwenaël David (SHNLH), Marie-Hélène Richard (MHNN), Gaëlle Weber (MHNN), la ville de Nantes, Hervé Magnin (Parc National de Guadeloupe), Louis Redaud (DEAL Guadeloupe). 5 PREMIERE PARTIE : OBJECTIFS ET DEMARCHE La réalisation de cet état des lieux repose sur le constat que le niveau de connaissances globales sur les invertébrés de Guadeloupe demeure très faible, comparé à d’autres groupes fauniques (notamment les vertébrés). Louis Redaud (1994) fait état de la présence possible de 3000 espèces, d’autres évoquent le chiffre de 1650 espèces uniquement dans l’ordre des coléoptères. Mais aucun document de synthèse n’existe à ce jour. Pourtant, les invertébrés représentent une composante majeure de la biodiversité (plus de 70%), mais également du fonctionnement des nombreux écosystèmes souvent uniques en Guadeloupe. De nombreux éléments de connaissance existent dans les publications (périodiques et ouvrages), dans les collections privées ou publiques, mais également auprès des naturalistes (qui possèdent souvent une part substantielle de cette information, sous une forme ou une autre). Tous ces éléments sont dispersés, souvent fragmentaires et généralement difficilement exploitables. Le rassemblement des informations et leur synthèse constituent un document qui n’avait jamais été réalisé à l’échelle de la Guadeloupe. Ce document résulte de la compilation de la bibliographie disponible sur les invertébrés de Guadeloupe et doit être perçu comme un outil référentiel étant amené à évoluer en fonction des révisions qui auront lieu, nous l’espérons, dans un futur pas trop éloigné. Pour chaque groupe taxonomique étudié, les informations ont été synthétisées sous forme de fiches et de listes d’espèces. Chaque fiche est constituée sur le même modèle, qui comprend : Une fiche de synthèse est un document qui rassemble les informations qui permettent d’évaluer le niveau de connaissance sur le groupe considéré, mais également, le cas échéant, les particularités régionales. Elle donne également les éléments de base sur la biologie, l’écologie, les méthodes de capture et d’identification ainsi que les ressources (internet et bibliographiques). Tous ces éléments ne sont pas traités de façon systématique. Les listes préliminaires , pour chaque groupe taxonomique ou ordre traité ont été constituées à partir de la bibliographie. Dans tous les cas, les espèces mentionnées ont été publiées ; aucune information personnelle ou issue d’observations de terrain n’a été prise en compte dans cette étude résolument bibliographique. Ainsi, nous savons que certaines espèces ne sont pas mentionnées dans la bibliographie (pas encore publiées, observées récemment ou autre). Ces listes ne sont pas définitives et demanderont d’être vérifiée, émendées et corrigées par les différents spécialistes. Il convient toutefois de noter que pour certains groupes, ces listes constituent les seules synthèses existantes pour la Guadeloupe. Nous rappelons que cette étude, basée uniquement sur une
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