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Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report

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Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4 Methods .......................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….7 Results …………………………....................................................................................…………..…..….10 Discussion …………………………..............................................................................…………..…..….17 Acknowledgements ………………………....................................................…...........………………..….29 Bibliography ..........................................................….....………………………...........…………..…..….30 List of Tables Table 1. Major habitats found within the Kahului Airport environs .......................................................................8 Table 2. Numbers of samples and species recorded for each collecting method ..................................................10 Table 3. Current numbers and geographic status of arthropods collected .............................................................12 Table 4. Numbers of alien species representing new state and island records ......................................................13 Table 5. Numbers of species added within each major taxonomic group .............................................................14 Table 6. Numbers and geographic status of arthropods collected as of 2002 .......................................................21 Table 7. Numbers and geographic status of arthropods collected as of 2006 .......................................................22 Table 8. Numbers and geographic status of arthropods collected as of 2007 ……………................……...........23 Table 9. Numbers of alien species in each order known from Hawai‘i, Maui and Kahului .................................24 List of Figures Figure 1. Map of the Kahului Airport environs …………………………...........…...................…………..…..….7 Figure 2. Graph of alien species known from each island and Kahului Airport ……................…...…................14 Figure 3. Map of sightings of Blackburn’s sphinx moth within the Kahului Airport environs ….........…….......15 Figure 4. Screen capture image of the Kahului.mdb entry for collection site KA-0042 …...................................16 Figure 5. Screen capture image of the Kahului.mdb entry for Sinea rileyi ..........................................................16. Figure 6. Accumulation curves for the number of native, alien and all species …….……..................................20. APPENDICES APPENDIX I Comprehensive List of Arthropod Collecting Events within Kahului Airport Environs...............35 APPENDIX II. Collecting Methods: Descriptions, Site Data Tables, and Location Maps .....................................................73 Gas Aspirator ………………………………............…..............................…………………………………73 Malaise Traps ………………..…………………….….......................………………………………………82 Window Trap ………………..……………………………........................…………………………………83 MV Bulb and Night Collecting …………...…...………….................................……………………………84 General Collecting ………………………………..............................………………………………………87 Sweep Net …………...……………………………................................……………………………………92 i Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis APPENDIX II (Continued) Collecting Methods: Descriptions, Site Data Tables, and Location Maps (Continued) Host Searching ……………………………………................................……………………………………95 Beating Sheet and Dip Net ….………..……………………........................………….......…………………98 Fogging ………………………………………….......................................…………………………………99 Sticky Traps ………………...………………………….......................………....………………………102 Ant Baits ……………………………….………………...................................……………………………104 Pan and Trunk Traps …………………………………………….........................…………………………107 Lingren Funnel (Beetle Trap) …………………………………................................………………………109 Bait Traps …..…………………………………………………........................................…………………110 Pitfall Traps ……...…………………………………………………....................................……………111 Tulgren Funnel ….…………………………………………………….....................................…………112 Sifting Leaf Litter and Soil ……………………………………………………..…..….....................….113 Appendix II: List of Photographs of Methods Gas Aspirator in operation ………………………………...................….................…….………………………73 Malaise Trap ……………………….………………………………………...............……...............……………82 Window Trap utilizing the panels of the Malaise trap ………………………...........................…………………83 MV Bulb night collecting ……………….……………………………...............……………...............…………84 General collecting with hand aspirator and sweep net ………………….........………………..............…………87 Using insect sweep nets …………………………….………………….........…….…………...............…………92 Fogging shrubs over white sheet …………………………….......................………….……………...….………99 Collecting sticky trap sample ………………………….…….......................…...………………………………102 Sticky trap hanging in koa haole tree …………….………….........…..............………...……………………102 Ant Bait station ……………………….…………………….............…...............………………………………104 Yellow Pan and Trunk Traps …………………………………............................……………………………107 Lingren Funnels ……………………….………………..………….......................…………...……...…………109 Bottle/Bait Trap……………………….…………………………….........................……………...……………110 Tulgren Funnel ……………………….……………………………............................………………………112 Appendix II: List of Collecting Site Tables Table II-1a. Gas Aspirator collections sites1999-2000 ..…………...........................………….…………………73 Table II-1b. Gas Aspirator collection sites 2003, 2006 ..……………...........................……….…………………78 Table II-2. Malaise Trap collection sites 1999-2000, 2003, 2006 ….................................………………………82 Table II-3. Window Trap collection sites 2006 ………………………..............................………………………84 Table II-4. MV Bulb and Black Light collection sites 1999-2000, 2003, 2006 ………….……....................……85 Table II-5. General collection sites 1999-2001, 2003, 2006 ……………………….……...…......................……88 Table II-6. Sweep Net collection sites 2000, 2003, 2006 ………………………………….…......................……92 Table II-7. Host Search collection sites 2000, 2003, 2006 …………………………………….....................……95 Table II-8. Beating Sheet and Dip Net collection sites 1999-2001, 2003 ……………………......................……98 Table II-9. Fogging collection sites 1999-2000, 2003, 2006………………...….…....................………………100 Table II-10. Sticky Trap collection sites 2006………………………......……………..................……………102 Table II-11. Ant Bait collection sites 1999-2000, 2006………………....……………....................……………105 Table II-12a. Trunk Trap collection sites 1999-2000 …………...………...………….....................………107 Table II-12b. Yellow Pan Trap collection sites 1999-2000 ……………...……..……....................……………107 Table II-13 Lingren Funnel (Beetle Trap) collection sites 2000, 2006 ………..............……...........………109 ii Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis Appendix II: List of Collecting Site Tables (Continued) Table II-14. Bait Trap collection sites 1999-2000, 2003, 2006 ……………………………...............…………110 Table II-15. Pitfall Trap collection sites 1999, 2006 ……………………………...……….................…………112 Table II-16. Tulgren Funnel (Berleze) collection sites 2000 …………….......…..….............................………112 Table II-17. Leaf Litter and Soil collection sites 1999-2000, 2003, 2006 ……...............................……………113 Appendix II: List of Maps of Collecting Site Locations Figure II-1. Gas Aspirator collections sites 1999-2000 ..……..…....………….….……..........…….…………...78 Figure II-2. Gas Aspirator collection sites 2003, 2006 ..………....….………...….…..................…….…………81 Figure II-3. Malaise Trap, Window Trap
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