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Handbook Publication.Pub
Table of Contents Maui County’s Landscape and Gardening Handbook Xeriscaping in Maui County ................................................................. 1 Planning and Design................................................................................................................. 1 Hydro-zones.............................................................................................................................. 1 Plant Selection and the Maui jkCounty Planting Zones............................................................ 2 Soil Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 4 Mulching.................................................................................................................................... 5 Irrigation .................................................................................................................................... 5 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 7 Other Interesting Techniques for the Ambitious ..................................... 8 Xeriscape Ponds....................................................................................................................... 8 Aquaponics in the Backyard ..................................................................................................... 9 Water Polymer Crystals ........................................................................................................... -
Cyanea Stictophylla
Plants Haha Cyanea stictophylla SPECIES STATUS: N. Tangalin, NTBG Federally Listed as Endangered Genetic Safety Net Species IUCN Red List Ranking – Critically Endangered (CR C2a) Hawai‘i Natural Heritage Ranking ‐ Critically Imperiled (G1) Endemism ‐ Island of Hawai‘i Critical Habitat ‐ Designated SPECIES INFORMATION: Cyanea stictophylla, a member of the bellflower family (Campanulaceae) is a shrub or tree 2 to 20 ft (0.6 to 8 m) tall, sometimes covered with small, sharp projections. The alternate, stalked, oblong, shallowly lobed, toothed leaves are 7.8 to 15 in (20 to 38 cm) long and 1.6 to 3.1 in (4 to 8cm) wide. Clusters of five or six flowers have main flowering stalks 0.4 to 1.6 in (1 to 4 cm) long; each flower has a stalk 0.3 to 0.9 in (0.7 to 2.2 cm) long. The hypanthium is topped with five calyx lobes 0.1 to 0.2 in (2 to 4 mm) long and 0.04 to 0.1 in (1 to 2 mm) wide. The yellowish‐white or purple petals, 1.4 to 2 in (3.5 to 5 cm) long, are fused into an arched, five‐lobed tube about 0.2 in (5 to 6 mm) wide. The spherical berries are orange. This species differs from others in the genus by its lobed, toothed leaves and its larger flowers with small calyx lobes and deeply lobed corollas. DISTRIBUTION: Historically, Cyanea stictophylla was known only from the island of Hawai‘i on the western, southern, southeastern, and eastern slopes of Mauna Loa. -
Seed Ecology Iii
SEED ECOLOGY III The Third International Society for Seed Science Meeting on Seeds and the Environment “Seeds and Change” Conference Proceedings June 20 to June 24, 2010 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Editors: R. Pendleton, S. Meyer, B. Schultz Proceedings of the Seed Ecology III Conference Preface Extended abstracts included in this proceedings will be made available online. Enquiries and requests for hardcopies of this volume should be sent to: Dr. Rosemary Pendleton USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station Albuquerque Forestry Sciences Laboratory 333 Broadway SE Suite 115 Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 87102-3497 The extended abstracts in this proceedings were edited for clarity. Seed Ecology III logo designed by Bitsy Schultz. i June 2010, Salt Lake City, Utah Proceedings of the Seed Ecology III Conference Table of Contents Germination Ecology of Dry Sandy Grassland Species along a pH-Gradient Simulated by Different Aluminium Concentrations.....................................................................................................................1 M Abedi, M Bartelheimer, Ralph Krall and Peter Poschlod Induction and Release of Secondary Dormancy under Field Conditions in Bromus tectorum.......................2 PS Allen, SE Meyer, and K Foote Seedling Production for Purposes of Biodiversity Restoration in the Brazilian Cerrado Region Can Be Greatly Enhanced by Seed Pretreatments Derived from Seed Technology......................................................4 S Anese, GCM Soares, ACB Matos, DAB Pinto, EAA da Silva, and HWM Hilhorst -
Using Transfer Function Analysis to Develop Biologically and Economically Efficient Restoration Strategies
Supporting information for Using Transfer Function Analysis to develop biologically and economically efficient restoration strategies Authors: Lalasia Bialic-Murphy1,2*, Orou G. Gaoue1,2,3,4, and Tiffany Knight 5,6,7 1 Department of Botany, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i , USA. 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. 3Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin. 4 Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa 5 Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany. 6 Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle- Wittenberg. 7 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. *Correspondence author: +1 808 443 7484, e-mail: [email protected] 1 Appendix S1 A: Background information for Rattus rattus and non-native molluscs Rattus rattus (black ship rat) is one of the most disruptive vertebrates to invade oceanic islands and often listed as a primary driver of population decline and extinction of native plants 1,2. The estimated home range of R. rattus is 4 ha 3. When foraging, R. rattus are the most active in areas with thick understory vegetation cover 10–30 cm in height 3. Rattus rattus dens are often below ground in soil and fractured rock substrate, under logs, in thick understory vegetation, and inside partially dead trees 3. Thought R. rattus are omnivores, seeds and fruits are the dominant portion of their diet 2. Following consumption and digestion by R. -
(Rattus Spp. and Mus Musculus) in The
CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSIONS Aaron B. Shiels Department of Botany University of Hawaii at Manoa 3190 Maile Way Honolulu, HI. 96822 173 Along with humans, introduced rats (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, and R. exulans) and mice (Mus musculus) are among the most invasive and widely distributed mammals on the planet; they occur on more than 80% of the world‘s islands groups (Atkinson 1985; Towns 2009). By incorporating modern technology, such as aerial broadcast of rodenticides, the number of islands where invasive rodents can be successfully removed has recently increased (Howald et al. 2007). However, successful rat and mouse eradication on relatively large (> 5000 ha) or human-inhabited islands such as the main Hawaiian Islands rarely occurs (Howald et al. 2007) despite large sums of money and research efforts annually to combat invasive rodent problems (see Chapter 1 section ―Rat history in Hawaii‖; Tobin et al. 1990). Therefore, it is highly unlikely that invasive rats and mice will be eradicated from relatively large, human-occupied islands such as Oahu in the near or distant future (Howald et al. 2007); and accepting this may be a first step towards increasing the likelihood of native species conservation in archipelagos like Hawaii where introduced rodents have established. Determining which invasive rodent species are present at a given site is important because the risks that some rodent species pose to particular (prey) species and/or habitats differ from those posed by other rodent species. Two sympatric species cannot occupy the same niche indefinitely, in a stable environment (Gause 1934), which may partly explain why some rodent species may not occur where others are present (Harper 2006). -
Notes on Hawaiian Lobelioideae, with Descriptions of New Species and Varieties
v [From BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB. 44: 229-239.Pls. <rIb. 19 May 191 7.] Notes on Hawaiian Lobelioideae, with descriptions of new species and varieties JOSEPH F. ROCK (WITH PLATES 9-16) The writer has prepared a monograph on the Hawaiian lobelioi deous genera Cyanea, Rollandia, Clermontia, Delissea, Tremato lobelia and Brighamia, and on the endemic species of the genus Lo belia. But owing to the length of time necessary for the publica tion of the rather voluminous manuscript of the whole monograph, he thought itwise to publish the new species first in botanical peri odicals or bulletins. The majority of the new species of Cyanea and Clermontia have appeared in the writer's book on the In digenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands (1913), in Bo.tanical Bul letin No.2, of the College of Hawaii Publications and in the Bul letin of the Torrey Botanical Club. With two exceptions the species and varieties described in the present paper belong to the genus Cyanea, which has by far the largest number of species of the lobelioideous genera represented in the Islands. Clermontia comes next, with RolZandia and Delissea following. I L I Cyanea noli-me-tangere sp. nov. II Plant subherbaceous, 3-20 dm. high, terrestrial, branching only when broken, spinescent throughout, with the exception of the fruit and corolla; stem green, somewhat fleshy, entirely i~ covered with strong, pale yellow, hollow spines; leaves bright ~ .green, ovate-oblong, somewhat acute at the apex, rounded at the I base, thin in texture, irregularly and sinuately notched, with Ii minute, mucronulate teeth along the margin, covered with yellow spines at more or less regular intervals of 7-10 mm. -
Alien Plant Invasions in Mediterranean Habitats: an Assessment for Sicily
Biol Invasions https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02561-0 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) ORIGINAL PAPER Alien plant invasions in Mediterranean habitats: an assessment for Sicily Riccardo Guarino . Milan Chytry´ . Fabio Attorre . Flavia Landucci . Corrado Marceno` Received: 9 November 2020 / Accepted: 1 May 2021 Ó The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Levels of plant invasions in different longer flowering period than the native species. The habitat types were assessed in several regional studies, investigated habitats differed strongly in their level of but few of them were from the Mediterranean. Here invasion by alien species, ranging from 0 to 15.6% of we compare the levels of vascular plant invasion aliens of all species recorded. Most of the habitats across habitats and plant communities of Sicily. We were colonized by very few alien species or com- used a large dataset of plant species presences/ pletely lacked them, except for sandy coasts, natu- absences in vegetation plots to analyze the invasion rally-disturbed riverbeds, and synanthropic habitats. It patterns across habitats considering biogeography, life must be noted, however, that the number of alien form and phenology of alien plants. Vegetation plots species occurring in a given habitat does not relate to were classified based on the EUNIS classification of the severity of the impact of invasion in that habitat. European habitats. The invasiveness of each species Some habitats are invaded by few (or single) species, was expressed in terms of its absolute and percentage which attain a high cover, transforming the whole frequency. Representation of different life forms and ecosystem. The habitat-based approach proved to be phenological patterns was compared between alien suitable for evaluating the habitat specificity and and native species. -
Recovery Plan for Tyoj5llllt . I-Bland Plants
Recovery Plan for tYOJ5llllt. i-bland Plants RECOVERY PLAN FOR MULTI-ISLAND PLANTS Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Portland, Oregon Approved: Date: / / As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most ofour nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values ofour national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests ofall our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island Territories under U.S. administration. DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance ofrecovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Costs indicated for task implementation and/or time for achievement ofrecovery are only estimates and are subject to change. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval ofany individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, otherthan the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position ofthe U.S. -
Thorn-Like Prickles and Heterophyllyin Cyanea
Proc. Nadl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 2810-2814, March 1994 Evolution Thorn-like prickles and heterophylly in Cyanea: Adaptations to extinct avian browsers on Hawaii? (anti-herbivore ddenses/geese/leaf fonn/moa-nalos/paedomorphosis) T. J. GIVNISH*, K. J. SYTSMA, J. F. SMITHt, AND W. J. HAHNf Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1381 Communicated by Peter H. Raven, November 12, 1993 ABSTRACT The evolution of thorn-like structures in plants on oceanic islands that lack mammalian and reptilian herbivores is puzing, as is their tendency toward juvenile- adult leaf dimorphism. We propose that these traits arose in Cyanea (Campanul) on Hawaii as mechanical and visual defenses against herbivory by flightless geese and goose-like ducks that were extirated by Polynesians within the last 1600 years. A chloroplast DNA phylogeny indicates that thorn-like prickles evolved at least four times and leafdimorphism at least three times during the last 3.7 million years. The incidence of both traits increases from Oahu eastward toward younger islands, paralleling the dribution ofavian species apparently adapted for browsing. The effectiveness of visual defenses against avian browsers (once dominant on many oceanic is- lands, based on the vagility of their ancestors) may provide a general explanation for insar heterophylly: the other islands on which this previoul unexplained phenomenon is marked (New Zelnd, New Co a, Madagascar, Mascarene Is- lands) are exactly those on which one or more large ffightless avian browsers evolved. Cyanea (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae), the largest genus of plants endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago, has undergone FiG. 1. Juvenile shoots of Cyanea solanacea on Molokai (Ka- striking adaptive radiations in growth form, leaf size and makoa Reserve, The Nature Conservancy), showing dense aggrega- shape, and floral morphology (1-5). -
A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants
Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDscape-bASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMatE CHANGE VULNEraBILITY FOR ALL NatIVE HAWAIIAN PLANts Lucas Fortini1,2, Jonathan Price3, James Jacobi2, Adam Vorsino4, Jeff Burgett1,4, Kevin Brinck5, Fred Amidon4, Steve Miller4, Sam `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon III6, Gregory Koob7, and Eben Paxton2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service —Ecological Services, Division of Climate Change and Strategic Habitat Management, Honolulu, HI 96850 5 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 6 The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i Chapter, Honolulu, HI 96817 7 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hawaii/Pacific Islands Area State Office, Honolulu, HI 96850 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 November 2013 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAG09AC00070 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDSCAPE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY FOR ALL NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS LUCAS FORTINI1,2, JONATHAN PRICE3, JAMES JACOBI2, ADAM VORSINO4, JEFF BURGETT1,4, KEVIN BRINCK5, FRED AMIDON4, STEVE MILLER4, SAM ʽOHUKANIʽOHIʽA GON III 6, GREGORY KOOB7, AND EBEN PAXTON2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaiʽi National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawaiʽi at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U. -
Invasive Aphids Attack Native Hawaiian Plants
Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-006-9045-1 INVASION NOTE Invasive aphids attack native Hawaiian plants Russell H. Messing Æ Michelle N. Tremblay Æ Edward B. Mondor Æ Robert G. Foottit Æ Keith S. Pike Received: 17 July 2006 / Accepted: 25 July 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Invasive species have had devastating plants. To date, aphids have been observed impacts on the fauna and flora of the Hawaiian feeding and reproducing on 64 native Hawaiian Islands. While the negative effects of some inva- plants (16 indigenous species and 48 endemic sive species are obvious, other species are less species) in 32 families. As the majority of these visible, though no less important. Aphids (Ho- plants are endangered, invasive aphids may have moptera: Aphididae) are not native to Hawai’i profound impacts on the island flora. To help but have thoroughly invaded the Island chain, protect unique island ecosystems, we propose that largely as a result of anthropogenic influences. As border vigilance be enhanced to prevent the aphids cause both direct plant feeding damage incursion of new aphids, and that biological con- and transmit numerous pathogenic viruses, it is trol efforts be renewed to mitigate the impact of important to document aphid distributions and existing species. ranges throughout the archipelago. On the basis of an extensive survey of aphid diversity on the Keywords Aphid Æ Aphididae Æ Hawai’i Æ five largest Hawaiian Islands (Hawai’i, Kaua’i, Indigenous plants Æ Invasive species Æ Endemic O’ahu, Maui, and Moloka’i), we provide the first plants Æ Hawaiian Islands Æ Virus evidence that invasive aphids feed not just on agricultural crops, but also on native Hawaiian Introduction R. -
Guidance Document Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT Recovery of Native Plant Communities and Ecological Processes Following Removal of Non-native, Invasive Ungulates from Pacific Island Forests Pohakuloa Training Area Plant Guide SERDP Project RC-2433 JULY 2018 Creighton Litton Rebecca Cole University of Hawaii at Manoa Distribution Statement A Page Intentionally Left Blank This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Page Intentionally Left Blank 47 Page Intentionally Left Blank 1. Ferns & Fern Allies Order: Polypodiales Family: Aspleniaceae (Spleenworts) Asplenium peruvianum var. insulare – fragile fern (Endangered) Delicate ENDEMIC plants usually growing in cracks or caves; largest pinnae usually <6mm long, tips blunt, uniform in shape, shallowly lobed, 2-5 lobes on acroscopic side. Fewer than 5 sori per pinna. Fronds with distal stipes, proximal rachises ocassionally proliferous . d b a Asplenium trichomanes subsp. densum – ‘oāli’i; maidenhair spleenwort Plants small, commonly growing in full sunlight. Rhizomes short, erect, retaining many dark brown, shiny old stipe bases.. Stipes wiry, dark brown – black, up to 10cm, shiny, glabrous, adaxial surface flat, with 2 greenish ridges on either side. Pinnae 15-45 pairs, almost sessile, alternate, ovate to round, basal pinnae smaller and more widely spaced.