BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 2, NO. 1

THE ERIOPHYID OF CALIFORNIA (Acarina: ) BY H. H. KEIFER (California Scare Department of Agriculture)

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1352 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Editors: E. 0. Essig, S. B. Freeborn, E. G. Linsley, R. L. Usinger

Volume 2, No. 1, pp. 1-128, plates 1-39

Submitted by Editors, May 6, 1952

Issued December 12, 1952

Price $2.00

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES

CALIFORNIA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON, ENGLAND

PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATBS OF AMERICA Contents

Page Introduction ...... 1

Hostlist ...... 5

Keys to Genera. Species. and higher Groups ...... 11

Discussion of Species ...... 20

Bib 1iography ...... 62

Host index ...... 64

List of comn names ...... 67

Index to mites. Genera. Species. etc ...... 08

Plate symbols ...... 71

List of plates ...... 72

Plates ...... 74 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA

Introduction ’IhisBulletin is the result of fifteen years would classify these mites at the present, faces of intermittent exploration of California for the prospect of a growing number of species in the Friophyid mites. hhen the work began in 1937 the large genera, and of broad revisions to come. But principal species recognized were the relatively I believe the average type of Eriophyid to have al- few economic species. ‘Ihis situation not only left ready been pretty well defined, since these mites an opportunity to discover and describe new spe- are widespread, and ancient in origin. cies, it also demanded that as many new Eriophyids As we now know these tiny creatures, they con- as possible be put in print in order to erect a stitute a closed group, structurally pointing to taxonomic framework. As a result, this sumnary now themselves. On the outside, certain Phytoptopal- presents a list of 186 species in 39 genera. pids, by reduction of leg number, and elongation of Certain cmon names are current for mites of the abdomen, would seem to suggest some relation- this family. The most usual one is ‘gall ’. ship to Eriophyids. But this question needs much Another term is ‘blister mite’ . More specialized further study, and further exploration of the names are ‘bud mite’ and ‘rust mite’. 1 am using world for intermediate forms. the term ‘Eriophyid mite’ because the majority of ‘Ihe Demodecids have been taxonomically asso- the species do not cause any noticeable injury to ciated with Eriophyids. Ihese mites, which are their hosts and any name depending on a particular parasites, have eight stumpy legs, which deformation, and used for all of the mites in bear claws not similar to those on the Eriophyid this family, emphasizes some characteristic of but leg. a small fraction of the whole. For example, if we Eriophyids average about 1/5 of a millemeter call these mites ‘blister mites’, we are stressing in length. ’Iheir main distinction is the presence the activities of pyri alone and ig- of only four legs (I have seen nothing on these noring the remainder. mites to suggest the fate of the other two pair of h’odern Eriophyid originates from the legs; perhaps some undiscovered form may give the basis laid down by the Austrian, Alfred Nalepa. He answer to this question.) Eriophyids also have the worked on these mites from 1887 to 1929, and his genitalia placed proximally, just behind the coxae. descriptions were the first adequate ones. All The abdomen is elongate and its surface is charac- names given to these mites previous to the begin- terized by the presence of narrow transverse rings ning of his work are resting on inadequate de- which are typically set with small rounded or scriptions at best. If it were not for the specific pointed bead-like structures, here called micro- hostplant relationships of the species we could tubercles. probably hardly recognize any of them, since the The Eriophyid chelicerae are a pair of slen- authors inadequately described or ignored the actu- der stylets which puncture the plant tissue with- al mite structure. nese pre-Nalepa names are most- out causing the death, or imnediate death, of the ly names without descriptions. effected cells. These stylets rest in a groove on It has been my intention all along to build as the dorso-anterior side of the rostrum. ?he ros- much as possible on Nalepa’s foundation. I have trum is a jointed structure with what appears to be principally added to his generic and higher ar- a basal and an apical joint. ‘Ihe basal joint bears rangements by utilizing the beak structure to cre- a seta on each side of the cheliceral groove. lhere ate the, tribe Diptilomiopini; by using the situa- is also a subapical seta in this same position on tion of the dorsal tubercles to erect new genera; the distal joint of the rostrum. lhe apex of the and by elevating the status of extra shield and rostrum consists of a pair of pads, apparently for abdominal setae to subfamily significance. the purposes of conducting saliva to the chelicerae \\e have before us a world that is but slightly and sucking up the plant juices. ’Ihese pads bear explored for Eriophyids. This is not surprising, sensory papillae on their rear edge. The main considering the microscopic size of these mites. structure of the rostrum evidently represents what Not many people understand how to collect Erio- Snodgrass (1948) designated as the palps in the phyids. Be have literature treating a considerable Tetranychidae. For further information 011 the anat- number of the species that occur in Europe, and in omy of these mites see Hassan, 1928. California. But with the possible exception of Ja- ’Ihe subfamily and tribal arrangement which I va, other areas are essentially blank. Anyone who use is based on what I consider to be cert’ain fun-

1 2 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY damental characters. 'here are four subfamilies in egg to the adult takes from about ten days to two the keys. They fit themselves into a circle divided Neeks. into quarters. 'he vertical division of this circle But Eriophyid life histories are not all sim- separates the two subfamilies bearing three or four ple. 'here is an explanation, gained through exper- shield setae from the two having two or no shield imental taxonomy, for the functions of two types of setae. lhe horizontal division separates the worm- females in certain species. But no experimental like budmites from the fusiform vagrants or data are on hand to elucidate the situations in rustmites. 'his latter division depends primarily complex populations in leaf galls. on whether or not the shield projects over the ros- In the case of two types of females in one trum base. lhe projection of the shield over the species, the condition is known as deuterogyny. rostrum base is an important character. Mile it is Ijeuterogyny, so far as it is known, is present only usually accompanied by the presence of broad back in Phyllocoptine species on deciduous trees and plates or tergites, it still carries the mite along shrubs. reuterogynous species have, first, the pri- with all other species that have this projection mary form or protogyne, which is the female resem- even when the broad back plate condition is not bling the male, that exists only on the of present. Plate B illustrates the circle arrange- its hostplant. The protogyne and male make up the ment of the subfamilies and lists the separation perfect form of the species. criteria. The secondary female ar deutogyne is the im- Bud and gall mites of the genera Eriophyes and perfect form and is specialized for hibernation have evenly ringed, wormlike abdomens, which (including aestivation in some cases). Deutogynes we can call Eriophyiform. Opposed to this the broad appear in response to leaf maturing or the coming back-plate types are PhyZ locoptiform. All nymphs of lower fall temperatures. They cannot reproduce with one exception are Eriophyiform. The broad back in the year that they grow and must quit the leaves plate condition and the lack of microtubercles are when fully fed, regardless of the time of year. structural modifications that exist only in the ?hey usually become dormant in bark crevices, but adult stages of part of the species, that is, in some sequester themselves around lateral buds. hr- the Phyllocoptinae and Sierraphytoptinae. &Some spe- ing the spring these deutogynes come out of hi- cies with the shield projecting over the rostrum bernation and lay eggs on the new leaves, which base and classed in these two subfamilies neverthe- eggs hatch into the perfect form of the species. less have Eriophyiform abdomens. One possible ex- Since the deutogpe is an imperfect stage it planation is that the abdominal condition is a is not entirely suitable for taxonomic purposes. carry-over from the nymphal stage. The keys in this bulletin do not take deutogynes I have systematically disregarded almost all into consideration and mst would run to the wrong male Eriophyids in developing the taxonomy of the categories. kutogynes tend to resemble each oth- California species. With the exception of the geni- er regardless of species or genus. lhus their prin- tal structures (and the males of Anthocoptes punc- cipal taxonomic significance may be to indicate tidorsa and PhyZZocoptes dirorphus 1, males only true relationship between genera and species. The differ from the females by being a little smaller. account of experiments proving deuterogyny is in I have consistently illustrated certain female gen- Eriophyid Studies XII. ital structures lying just under the coverflap. Eriophyid mites are creatures of perennial lhese are: 1. the genital opening; 2. the anterior since annuals do not afford a stable basis projection which I call the anterior genital apo- for developement and colony founding. hen an Erio- deae; 3. two posterior gland-like structures sup- phyid kills its host (example: tomato russet mite) posed to be the semenile vesicles. 'Ihe apodeme the relationship is unnatural. ne reason back of appears to have a certain amount of specific sig- this is that these mites are not facultative trav- nificance in its structural variations. However, elers and must depend on forces outside their con- when the genitalia are 'appressed' to the coxae, trol to reach new individuals of their host plant this apodeme is shortened in ventral view and has species. generic significance. Eriophyid host relations are intimate and The student can only examine these internal nearly always show a high degree of specificity. genital structures in chloral hydrate or lactic For that reason a host list is a valuable and nec- acid media by cutting the specimen before heat essary means for identifying mite species. Part of treating. Otherwise the internal pressures derelop- the mites will go from one plant species to another ing in the mite body invariably blow out these in one plant genus. (Exanrple: Aceria brachytarsus structures. forms purse galls on both species of black walnuts Eriophyids have a simple direct development native to California, but will not go to the im- after hatching. 'Ihey pass thru two nymphal instars, ported English walnut.) Sane have a host range ex- the second producing the adult after a resting pe- tending through related plant genera. But only the riod or 'pseudopupa'. In this resting stage the big beaked plum mite (Diptacus gigantorhynchus) genitalia form and protrude through the body wall crosses plant family lines, in California. (nymphs have the genital setae but no exterior in- Most Eriophyids cause no noticeable injury to dication of the genital organs). Growth from the their hosts. ?he plant deformations that a minority THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 3 of the species cause are well known. A list of gum arabic. Add no glycerin or water as both have types of deformations and injury is as follows: undesirable results in this mixture. 1. leaf discoloration such as browning or silver- lhis medium clears and expands the mites by ing; 2. leaf erineum, which is the developement of heating. It is best used as a bulk recovery fluid patches of hairs or papillae: 3. leaf pocketing, for simnering in a small casserole, but is also such as bead galls, purse galls; 4. leaf blisters useable on a slide under a coverslip. ?he casserole in which the tissue becomes spongy and dies be- method is mainly for finding mites preserved with tween the epidermal layers; 5. leaf folds, diagonal dry plant parts. Pour the processed specimens in or longitudinal; 6. leaf edgerolling; 7. leaf this onto glass slides and pick out the mites by stunting and leaf deformation (extending to the using transmitted light. Needle them into the fol- at times); 8. woody galls around buds; 9. de- lowing mixture which starts the process of stain velopment of hairs on all leaves on an in- setting and resorcinol polymerization, and removes fested branch; 10. stunted shoots becoming a clus- excess resorcinol. ter of buds harboring numerous mites; 11. in one B. Intermediate solution: case drying of bulbs. 12. bud blasting. 1. Table sugar (sucrose) . . . 1.0 gram Certain gall mite species of the Eriophyidae (Or sucrose 0.5 gr. , and attract attention by the leaf modifications they glycerin 0.5 cc) produce. ’lhese modifications, or galls, are char- 3. Chloral hydrate crystals . 8.n grams acteristic for the mite species making them. But 3. Potassium iodide . . . . . 0.2 gram certain plants, harboring gall mites, also have 4. Iodine crystals ...... 0.35 gram populations of what appear to be structurally these Grind in mortar, transfer same mites, that do not produce galls. Examples to screw-cap vial are: the grape erineum mite and the grape bud mite; 5. Formaldehyde sol. 1/2 strength the pear leaf blister mite and the pear bud mite; 30 drops and the linden gall mite, with certain linden trees Screw cap down tightly and warm for several hours that have mites of this same type which never pro- at 45O C. duce leaf galls. Men needling mites into this second medium be lhe collection of Eriophyids is not as diffi- careful not to allow the resorcinol to become con- cult field work as one might suppose. A ten-power centrated enough to jell. as the mites do not sep- hand lens is necessary for exploration. Plant de- arate readily from this Jell. Ihe mites can be left formations and injury are the easiest to see and for an indefinite period in this medium, and usual- draw attention to the mites causing them, but the ly should be left in it for a few hours at least. most interesting Eriophyids, taxonomically, are If mites are given the solution A treatment, this those which cause no noticeable alteration on their second mixture would be a very satisfactory medium hosts. Random searching will usually disclose more in which to ship them in a vial. \%henproperly mites than one might expect. To find these “gall- cured in B, transfer the mites to the following less” species examine buds, petiole bases, both mixture, which is the permanent mounting medium and sides of the leaves, and green stems. No Erio- which attains a certain degree of firmness. phyids will be found on annuals. C. Final or permanent medium Wrap well infested plant parts in soft tissue, I. Gun arabic powder . . . . 0.5 gram place in an envelope bearing the data, especially 2. Table sugar ...... 0.5 gram the name of the hostplant, and allow to dry. File 3. Chloral hydrate crystals 7.0 grams for future reference, or send to a specialist. 4. Potassium’ iodide crystals 0.2 gram Lightly infested plant parts may not be satisfac- 5. Iodine crystals . .0.3 to 0.35 grams tory when handled this way, but putting the mites Grind in mortar, transfer in alcohol or other liquid should be avoided as to screw-cap vial much as possible (except as noted below). 6. Formaldehyde, 1/4 to 1/2 strength For the preparation and study of Eriophyids I 18 drops (or more) recommend the following formulae: Gum arabic will not dissolve readily in the above A. The preparatory solution: mixture. The best method is to put 2 grams of 1. Gum arabic powder . . . . . 1.0 gram chloral hydrate in the original mix, heat at 450 2. Resorcinol crystals . . . . 3.0 grams under a tightly screwed cap until the gum is in 3. Potassium iodide crystals . 0.2 gram solution, and then add the rest of the chloral hy- 4. Iodine crystals . . .0.2 to 0.35 gram drate. Orient the mites by pushing the coverslip. Grind in mortar, transfer As hardening progresses it will be increasingly powder to screw-cap vial difficult to turn the mites. 5. Lactic acid, comnercial I have experimented with giant molecule water solution ...... 10.0 cc soluble synthetic resins, but their rubbery nature, 6. Hydrochloric acid . . . . . 8 drops and the fact that they imbibe too much water while Screw the cap down tightly and heat in a 45’ C oven dissolving, makes them fundamentally unsatisfac- for 4 to 5 hours, or long enough to dissolve the tory. Gum arabic, in spite of its faults, is a 4 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY small molecule substance and therefore dissolves bother example concerns the pear rust mite, in a minimum amount of water. Sugars are also which I have named Epitrimerus pirifoliae. Nalepa based on small molecules. has described Epitrimerus pyri of Europe without Some remarks are also necessary about the mentioning the most striking character of piri- keys to genera and species. In the first place foliae, namely the prominent lateral lobes of the poor preparations of the mites will not show the shield. necessary characters. Use of the oil inunersion All specimens referred to in this paper that lens will be necessary to examine the featherclaws are in existence are in the collection of the and skin microtubercles. 'he characters separating State Gepartment of Agriculture at Sacramento. In the genera should be fairly clear in most cases. the case of part of the records of comnon species Subdorsal longitudinal furrows may give consider- I have saved no specimens. Before 1942 I was not able trouble at times, especially on flattened using the formaldehyde medium and all specimens species. I have relied much on shield patterns in placed on slides before then are now destroyed. some of the keys. Shield patterns are variable, Most of the specimens since then, in formaldehyde frequently being unequal on the two sides of the medium, are in existence, and in tolerably good same shield. So the student should study more than condition, although many are shriveled. one specimen. But there is always the host list to use for a check. As already stated, deutogynes will not fit 'Ihis publication has been possible through into the keys. lhe big-beaked forms will run to the generosity of Drs. E. Gorton Linsley, H. L. the Giptilomiopini, but the others will all go to Usinger, and A. E. Pritchard of the University of the genera PhyZZocoptes or . It is possible California Division of Entomology and Parasitology. to recognize deutogynes by the suppression or Many people have contributed specimens and their absence of the microtubercles, plus their associ- names appear under "California records. " My work ation with the primary forms. on Eriophyids began in 1937 at the suggestion of Much work remains to be done in correlating D. B. Mackie, who was then Chief of the State Bu- the California Eriophyids with the earlier de- reau of Entomology. I also acknowledge the en- scribed European species. lhis work cannot proceed couragement of the Present Chief of theBureau, rapidly at a long distance. An example of the need H. M. Armitage. To Dr. A. V. Massee, of the Ebtham- for correlation is the situation of a mite which I stead Experiment Station, England, I am indebted have described as Aceria parapopuli. "his species for reprints otherwise unobtainable. To Edna Willis has a hump over the caudal lobes, a structure not Gaskill, librarian of the State Department of 4- mentioned for populi Nal. of Europe. ?he two popu- riculture, I am indebted for much help in publish- lations of mites form woody bud galls on poplar ing all of the original descriptions of these twigs. mites .

Explanation of the Numbering System

Each genus bears a number based on its con- For example: Aceria heterothecae bears the secutive arrangement in the keys. Each species is number 9-24. ?his is the 24th species under genus numbered consecutively under the genus. To find a #9 in the keys. In the text it occurs under h in species in the key note the species number in the genus #9, Aceria. The illustration is on Plate index. lhis number is also the plate number. To 9-24. find a species in the Species Treatment look for the genus nunher and then find the species alpha- betically arranged. 11. Host List

POLYPOD1 ACEAE Needle vagrant Pteris aquilina lanuginosa (H ory) ,Bracken 32- 10. Epi trimerus taxodii (K. Vagrant on the underside of the fronds CU PRESSA CEAE ?5-4. Phyl locoptes dimorphus K. Cupressus rnacnabiana Murr., M&ab Cypress PINACEAE Vagrant on new growth Abies concolor L. & G., Fhite fir 3?-7. Epitrimerus cupressifoliae k. Needle vagrant on new growth Cupressus macrocarpa Iiartw. , blonterey cypress 3?-4. Epitrimerus abietis K. Tip swellings on the twigs. Abies magnifica klurr., Red Fir 1-2. Trisetacus cupressi fK.) Needle vagrant on new growth Vagrant on new growth 7-1. Nalepella e&ae K. 28-1. Cupacarus cuprifestor K. Cedrus atlantica glauca Carr., Glaucus cedar Cupressus sargentii Jepson, Sargent cypress Needle vagrant on new growth Vagrant on new vigorous tips 5-5. Phyl locoptes cedri I;. 3?-7. Epitrimerus cupressifoliae li. Pinus jeffreyi Vasey, Jeffrey pine Gpressus sempervirens L., Italian cypress Inhabitant of needle sheaths Vagrant on the tips 1-1. Trisetacus pini (Pial.) 31-5. Epitrimerus cupressi (K. ) ?-I. Setoptus jonesi (K.) Juniperus californicus Carr., California Pinus muricata Ton., Bishop Pine juniper Inhabitant of needle sheaths Vagrant on vigorous tips 3-1. Setoptus jonesi (K.) 31-7. Epitr imerus cupressi fol iae K. Pinus rnurrayana Balfour, Tamarac pine Juniperus chinensis procumbens Ehdl., Inhabitant of needle sheaths prostrate juniper 30-2. Platyphytoptus mu1 tisternatus K. Killing twig tips Pinus pinea L., Stone or urnbrella pine 1-2. Trisetacus cupressi (K.) Inhabitant of needle sheaths Libocedrus decurrens Torr. , incense cedar 30-1. Platyphytoptus sabinianae K. Vagrant on the twigs Pinus ponderosa hugl., Yellow pine 32-8. Epitrimerus liboce.dri (K.) Inhabitant of needle sheaths GRAM IN A E 1-1. Trisetacus pini (Nal. Andropogon sp., a coarse grass 2-1. Setoptus jonesi (K. 1 Vagrant on the underside of the leaves 30-1. Ptatyphytoptus sabinianae K. 33-2. Calepi tr imerus andropogonis I(. Pinus radiata Ibn., Monterey pine Elymus triticoides hckl., a perennial grass Inhabitant of needle sheaths Inhabiting the longitudinal leaf furrows 1-1. Trisetacus pini (Nal.) on the upper surface, possibly causing Pinus sabiniana Dougl., Cigger pine some browning Inhabitant of needle sheaths 17-5. Vasates rnckenziei K. 1-1. Trisetacus pini (Nal.) 20-1. hystrix (Nal.) 30-1. Platyphytoptus sabinianae K. CYP ERACEA E Pinus torreyana Parry, Torrey pine Carex barbarae Dew., Sedge Inhabitant of needle sheaths Inhabitant in the leaf bases 1-1. Trisetacus pini (Nal.) 11-14. Eriophyes caricis K. 2-1. Setoptus jonesi (K.) PALMACEAE 30-1. Platyphytoptus sabinianae K. Phoenix dactylifeta L., date palm Pinus tuberculata Gord., Knobcone pine Inhabiting the folded center leaves Inhabitant of needle sheaths 6-1. Mackiella phoenicis K. 30- 1. Platyphytoptus sabinianae K. Trachycarpus excelsa Wendl., Windmill palm Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lamb.1, Douglas fir Inhabiting the folded center leaves Vagrant on new growth 22-1. Tumescoptes trachycarpi K. 32-9. Epitrimerus pseudotsugae K. LILI ACEAE Tsuga mertensiana (Bong. 1, Mountain hemlock Allium cepa L., Onion Vagrant on needles on new growth Living in the bulb between the layers 7-2. Nalepella tsugae K. producing a dry condition TAXODI ACEAE 9-49. Aceria tulipae (K.) Taxodium distichum Rich. Bald Cypress Allium sativum L.,

5 6 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Inhabitant of the bulbs 3- 1. avellanae Nal. 9-49. Aceria tulipae (k’.) Undersurface leaf vagrants Aloe spinossissimi Hort., Aloe 13- 1. Oxypleurites depressus Nal. Living at bases of leaves and causing 14-1. Coptophylla lamimani (K.) large warty deformations Corylus rostrata var. californica A. K., 9-46. Aceria aloinis (K.) Hazel nut Nolina parryi Mats., Nolina Undersurface leaf vagrants Vagrant on the outside of the younger 17-11. Vasates tamalpais (K. leaves 39-3. Diptacus calicoryli (K.) 34-1. Acamina nolinae (K.) FAGACEAE Tulipa sp. (gesneriana L. ?), Tulip Nothofagus menziesii, New Zealand oak Inhabitant of bulbs Terminal stunting and bud clusters 9-49. Aceria tulipae (K.) 9-6. Aceria waltheri (K.) SAL1 CACEA E %ercus agrifolia Nee., Coast live oak Populus fremontii Kats., attonwood Upper surface leaf vagrant Large pendant gall of fasciated 23-1. Acaricalus segundus K. outgrowths on staminate catkin Undersurface erineum pockets and 9-45. Aceria neoessigi (K.) leaf deformation \‘oody proliferation around buds 9-4. Aceria mackiei (IC. 1 hindering growth Ehd clusters 9- 1’2. Aceria parapopul i (K. ) 9-5. Aceria parmackiei (K. 1 Salix babylonica I.. , \teeping willow ‘hercus chrysolepis Liebm., Maul oak In leaf axils Erineum on underside of the leaves 25-1. calisalicis K. 9-4. Aceria mackiei (K.) Salix hindsiana And., Sandbar willow $ercus sp. (durata J. ?), scrub oak In hairs around terminal buds Undersurface leaf vagrants 11-7. Eriophyes triradiatus (Nal.) 27-1. Acarelliptus occidentalis K. Salix laevigata Bebb., Red willow 37-2. Rhyncaphytoptus megarostris (K.) Numerous bead galls on leaves, usually Quercus kelloggii Newb., California black oak col onia1 Upper surface leaf vagrants 17-21. Vasates Zaevigatae (Hassan) 15-1. Calacarus pulviferus K. Salix lasiolepis Benth., Pussy willow 23-1. Acaricalus segundus K. Leaf vagrant in leaf hairs, apparently Undersurface leaf vagrants causing unusual hairing of the leaves 27-1. Acarel liptus occidentalis K. on a whole twig 37-4. Rhyncaphytoptus spinifera K. -37-8. Rhyncaphytoptus acilius K. Quercus lobata Nee., White or valley oak Salix sitchensis angustifolia Bebb., Velvet Uppersurface leaf vagrants willow 14-3. Coptophylla caliquerci K. Leaf vagrant in the underside leaf hairs 15-3. Calacarus tejonis K. 37-5. Rhyncaphy top tus sal icifo 1 iae K. Undersurface leaf vagrants BEIULACEAE 26-1. Caliphytoptus quercilobatae K. Ahus rhombifolia Nutt., White 37-2. Rhyncaphytoptus megarostris (K.) Bead galls on the leaves with Quercus vaccinifolia Engelrn., huckleberry oak undersurface opening Undersurface erineum pockets 11-3. Eriophyes laeuis (Nal. 1 9-4 Aceria mackiei (K.) Undersurface leaf vagrant Quercus wislizenii A. E.,interior liveoak 39-2. Diptacus sacramentae (K. Undersurface erineum pockets Bong. 9-4. Aceria mackiei (K.) Bead galls JUGLANDACEAE 11-3. Eriophyes laeuis (Nal.) Juglans californica Wats., Southern Leaf vagrant, undersurface Ca 1if orn ia black walnut 13-2. Oxypleurites marinalni K. Leaf purse galls Alnus tenuifolia Nutt., Mountain alder 9-7. Aceria brachytarsus (K. ) Eead galls Inquilin in purse galls 11-3. Eriophyes laeuis (Nal.) 9-8. Aceria aniculus (K.) Leaf vagrants on undersurface Juglans hindsii Jepson, Northern 5-1. Sierraphytoptus alniuagrans K. California black walnut 39-2. Diptacus sacramentae (K.1 See J. californica L., Filbert Juglans regia L., Persian or English walnut f3ud gall known as ‘Big-bud‘, also Undersurface erineum patches specialized nymph on undersurface 9-3. Aceria erineus (Nal.) of leaf Undersurface leaf vagrant THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 7

13-4. Oxypleurites juglandis K. Laurus nobilis L., Grecian laurel URTICACEAE In flowers and under bud scales Urtica gracilis holosericea Jepson, Nettle 8-1. malpighianus (C. & M.) Among undersurface leaf hairs Persea americana Mill., Avocado 36-1. Quadracus urticarius (C. & M.) In buds and under fruit buttons ULMACFAE 21-1. Tegonotus myersi (K.) Ulms campestris L., Elm Umbellularia californica Nutt., Uppersurface leaf vagrant California laurel 19-2. Tetra concaua (K.) Among surface hairs on twig tips, Undersurface leaf vagrants especially on flower buds 17-1. Vasates calulmi (K.) 33-1. Calepitrimerus umbel lulariae K. 37-6. Rhyncaphytoptus ulmivagrans K. CRASSULACEAE Ulrnus pumila L., Asiatic elm Cotyledon caespitosa Haw. , Stonecrop Undersurface leaf vagrants At bases of leaves 16-1. Anthocoptes punctidorsa K. 9-25. Aceria stinsonis (K.) 37-6. Rhyncaphytoptus ulmivagrans K. &owning and wrinkling of leaf surfaces LORAN ?HA CEAE 17-9. Vasates cotyledonis (K.) Arceuthobium campylopcdium Engelm. , Pine SAX1 FRAGACEAE tree mistletoe nevadense Kell., Currant Rud mite in the pockets holding the Undersurface leaf vagrant or at staminate flowers petiole bases 10-1.1 Paraphytoptus arceuthobii K. 32-1. Epitriaerus sierribis K. CHENOPODIACFAE PLATAN ACE4 E Allenrolfea occidentalis (Wats.) , Iodine bush Platanus racemosa Nutt., Sycamore Bud mite between joints and in flower Undersurface leaf vagrant heads, causing slight brming of 37-1. Rhyncaphytoptus platmi K. the tissue Platanus sp., Hybrid shade tree 9-43.1 Aceria alienrolfeae K. See P. racemosa Salicornia sp., a pickleweed ROSACEAE set? Allenrolfea Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Western CARYOPHYLLACEA E Service berry Dianthus sp., Carnation Leaf vagrant on both surfaces Under leaf bases, cuasing stunting and 33-3. CaLepitriaerus anatis K. yellauing of the plant Amygdalus comnunis L., almond 9-45.1 Aceria paradianthi K. Leaf vagrant on both surfaces MORACEAE 17-18. Vasates cornutus (Benks) Ficus sp. (Carica L.?), fig Pmygdalus persica S. & Z., peach, also In buds and under fruit scales nectarine 9-27. Aceria ficus (Cotte) Leaf. vagrant on both surfaces Under surface vagrant among leaf hairs 17-18 Vasates cornutus (Banks) 37-7. Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae K. Undersurface leaf vagrant Morus sp., mulberry 39-1. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nal. 1 Under bud scales or at petiole bases Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt., Desert 9-33. Aceria aori (K.) mahogany !&(NOLI ACFAE In buds? Magnolia fraseri Walt. 4-1. Anchiphytoptus lineatus K. Among hairs on flower buds Upper surface leaf vagrant among the 9-44. Aceria nagnoliae (K.) leaf hairs Magnolia grandiflora L., Southern 19-1. Tetra cercocarpi K. magnolia or all bay Crataegus sp. (oxycantha L. ?), Hawthorne Among undersurface leaf hairs or Undersurface leaf vagrant around buds 33-7. Calepitrirerus arnatus (Nal.) 17-7. Vasates nagnolivora (K.) Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., loquat BERBERIDACEAE In buds Berberis californica Jepson. a barberry 9-30. Aceria erzobotryae (K.) Irregular sinuate leaf folds fran Photinia arbutifolia Lindl., Toyon or the upper surface Christmas berry 9-25.1 Aceria caliberberis K. Among hairs in terminal buds UURACEAE 11-10. Eriophyes heteroneles K. Cinnamomum camphora N. & E., Camphor Prunus andersonii Gray, desert peach In basal leaf glands In a baggy erineum deformation on 18-1. baphytoptus corphorae K. the leaves 8 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

11-9. Eriophyes prunandersoni K. Redberry condition of fruit, also in buds In buds and under fruit buttons 9-10. Aceria essigi (Hassan) 11-6. Eriophyes breechii K. Rubus sp., Boysenberry Prunus avium L., Sweet cherry In buds and causing shoot stunting, Undersurface leaf vagrant and bud blasting 39- 1. Dip tacus gigan torhynchus (Nal .) 9-11. Aceria orthonera K. Prunus domestica L., prune Rubus sp. Raspberry Rusting of leaves on undersurface On underside of leaves and on 17-19. Vasates fockeui (Nal.) 25-8. Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal.) Undersurface leaf vagrant Spiraea densiflora Nutt. 39-1. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nal. ) Flower galls 25-3. Phyllocoptes abaenus K. 11-15. Eriophyes spiraeae Nal. Prunus emarginata Dougl., Native bitter cherry LEWMINOSAE Leaf finger galls with lower surface Cercis occidentalis Torr., Redbud opening Undersurface leaf vagrants and in buds 11-4. Eriophyes emarginatae K. 17-6. Vasates scotti (K.) Inquilin in finger galls Lupinus albifrms Benth. 11-5. Eriophyes sauagei K. In hairs around buds and under Prunus ilicifolia Walp., Holly-leaf cherry petiole bases Ehd inhabitant 9-48. Aceria calilupini (K. 1 11-8. Eriophyes ilicifolia K. Medicago sativa L., alfalfa Prunus triloba Lindl., Flwering almond In leaf axils around buds Undersurface leaf vagrant 9-34. Aceria nedacaginis (K.) 39-1. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nal. Picker;sgia mtana Nutt., Pea chaparral Frunus sp. (Varieties of plums), Among surface hairs on leaves and twigs Undersurface leaf vagrants 16-2. Anthocoptes pickeringiae K. 25-3. Phyllocoptes abaenus K. Prosopis juliflora glandulosa Ckll., 39-1. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nal. 1 Honey mesquite Pyrus comnunis L., Pear Leaf vagrants Leaf blisters and bud blasting 17-2. Vasates prosopis (K.) 11-7. Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.) Wisteria sp. Rusting of leaf undersurface In buds 32-3. Epitrimerus pyri (Nal.) 11-13. Eriophyes roisteriae K. Pyrus malus L, apple ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Leaf blisters Larrea tridentata glutinosa Rydb., 11-7. Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.), variety Creosote bush Undersurface leaf vagrants causing Under scales (stipules ?) at base slight rusting of petiole 17-15. Vasates raliuagrans K. 9-47. Aceria larreae (K.) (schlectendali Nal. ?) RUTAaAE 33-4. Calepitrirerus bai leyi K. limmia Osb., Rosa californica C. & S., Native rose In buds causing blasting or leaf Among seeds and at petiole bases deformation 25-6. Phyl locoptes fructiphi lus K. 9-28. (Ewing) Rosa sp., Cultivated rose On surfaces of leaves and fruit causing Undersurface vagrants silvering or rusting 25-2. Phyllocoptes adalius K. 29-1. Phyl Zocoptruta oleiuorus (Ashm. ) 31-1. Callyntrotus schlectendali Nal. Citrus sinensis Osb., Orange Rubus parviflorus Nutt., Thinbleberry See C. limrmia Among hairs on underside of leaf Ptelea baldwinii crenulata Jepson, Hop tree 25-8. Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal.) Undersurface leaf vagrant causing Rubus thyrsanthus Focke., Himalaya blackberry leaf discoloring In buds and causing redberry condition 32-2. Epitrimerus pteleae K. 9-10. Aceria essigi (Hassan) BUXACEAE Rubus vitifolius C. & S. , Native blackberry Buxus sempervirens L., Boxwood In buds and at petiole bases Under bud scales or in flwer clusters 9-11. Aceria orthornera K. causing partial blasting Undersurface leaf vagrants 11-16. Eriophyes canestrinii (Nal.) 25-7. Phyllocoptes calirubi K. ANACARDI ACEAE 38-2. Rhynacus abronius (K. ) Hhus diversiloba T. & G., Poison oak 39-1. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nal.) Leaf bead galls, especially on Rubus sp., Mamth blackberry terminal leaves THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 9

17-22. Vasates toxicophagus (Ewing) some brwning ACERACEAE 33-6. Calepitrimerus vitis (Nal.) Acer glabrum Torr., Sierra maple Vitis californicus Benth. , California Magenta erineum on leaves, usually at tips wild grape 9-9. Aceria calaceris K. Undersurface leaf vagrant Inquilins in magenta erineum 39-1. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nal. ) 17-20. Vasates paraglabri K. 'IMEACEAE 17-23. Vasates glabri K. Camellia japonica L., Camellia Acer macrophyllum Pursh, Big leaf maple In buds, causing sane browning of flower White undersurface erineum bud scales Mite population very similar to that 9-1. Aceria coneZliae K. on Acer glabrua Leaf vagrants causing browning and Acer negundo californicum Sarg., boxelder leaving debris Undersurface leaf vagrants 15-2. Calacarus adornatus (K.) 21-5. Tegonotus negundella K. 24-1. Acaphyl la steiwedini K. 37-3. Rhyncaphytoptus strigatus K STERaJLIACEAE AQUI FOLI ACEAE Fremontia californica Torr., Flannel bush Ilex aquifolium L., Holly Among stellate hairs an leaves and twigs In buds and under fruit buttons 12-1. Pareria fremtiae K. 8-2. Cecidophyes uerilicis (K.) TAMARICACEAE CEL ASTRACE AE Tamarix gallica L., Tamarisk Euonymus sp. On green stems and under scale-like leaves In buds causing some deformation to 17-3. Vasates immigrans (K.) tips and leaves CACTACEAE 11- E?. Eriophyes conuo Zuens (Nal. ) Opuntia sp. (accidentalis Engelm. ?), Cactus HIPPOCASTANACEAE In flcnver buds, among the papillae on Aesculus californicus (Spach. ) , Ehckeye small pads, spine bases Vagrants on both leaf surfaces causing 9-2. Aceria cactorur (K.) slight silvering PWICACEAE 13-7. Oxypleurites aesculifoZiae (K. ) Punica granatum L., Punegranate RiIUPYACEAE In buds and causing leaf edgeroll often Ceanothus cordulatus Kell.. Snow brush stunting gravth Vagrants on leaves and stem 9-20. Aceria granati (Can.) 20-2. Abacarus acalyptus (K.) MYRTACEAE Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook. 1, Ehck brush Feijoa sellowiana (Berg. 1, Feijoa Leaf vagrants In hairs around buds 16-3. Anthocoptes hesperus K. 9-32. Aceria feijoae (K.) Ceanothus velutinus Dougl., tobacco brush ARALIACEAE Bead galls on the leaves, usually Hedera helix L., English ivy opening underneath In buds and at petiole bases causing 9-26. Aceria ceanothi (K.) deformation and stunting Rhamnus californicus Esch., Coffee berry 3-3. Phytoptus hedericola K. Oblique deformation along side vein, Uppersurface leaf vagrant also vagrants 23-2. Acaricalus hederae (K.) 21-3. Tegonotus rhannicola (K.) UMBELLIFERAE Rhamnus californicus tomentella B. & W. Apium graveolens L., Celery In terminal buds and among hairs Brclwning of stalks 10-2. Paraphytoptus rhamniphagus K. 17-13. Vasates eurymtus (Nal. ) Undersurface leaf vagrants Daucus carota L., Carrot 17-16. Vasates rharniuagrans (K.) Discoloration of flower heads Zizyphus sativus Gaertn., jujub, 9-21. Aceria peucedani (Nal.) Vagrants on leaves and green stems 17-13. Vasates eurynotus (Nal. ) 21-4. Tegonotus zizyphagus (K.) COIWACEAE TIL1ACEAE Cornus californicus C. A. bky., Creek dogwoal sp. (vulgaris ?), Linden Undersurface leaf vagrants Nail galls on leaves 13-8. Oxypleurites cornifoliae K. 11-11. (Nal.) Cornus glabrata Benth.

Vltls vinirera L., grape 13-Y. vxypleurrtes glabratae K. Forming leaf erineum, also in buds Cornus nuttalli Aud., Flowering dogwood 11-1. Eriophyes uitis (Pgst.) In buds and among seeds Undersurface leaf vagrant causing 3-2. Phytoptus corniserninis K. 10 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

ERI CACEAE CAPRI FOLI ACEAE Arbutus unido L., Strawberry tree Sambucus glauca Nutt., Elder Undersurface leaf vagrants Leaf curling and rusting 14-2. CoptophyZla arbuti (K.) 32-6. Epitrimerus trilobus (Nal.1 Arbutus menziesii Pursh. , Madrone Symphoricarpas albus (L. 1, Snowberry Undersurface leaf vagrants Undersurface leaf vagrants 35-1. Asetacus mdronae K. 17-4. Vasates syaphoricarpi (K. 1 Arctostaphylos spp., knzanita Viburnum opulus L., Snwball Leaf vagrants Leaf vagrants (probably not a preferred 17-8. Vasates mtanitae (K.) host) 38-1. Rhynacus arctostaphyli (K.) 15-2. Calacarus adornatus (K. ) Rhododendron occidentale Gray, Azalea CCMPOSITAE Under surf ace lea f vagrants Ambrosia psilostachya E.,Western ragweed 17- 12. Vasates rhododendronis (K. ) Bead galls on leaves EBENACEAE 9-22. Aceria boycei (K.) Diaspyros kak; L., Persimnon Leaf vagrants Ulder bud scales and fruit buttons 17-10. Vasates ambrosiae (K.) 9-31. Aceria diospyri K. Artemisia californica Less. , California OLEACEAE sage brush Fraxinus dipetala H. & A., Native ash Leaf thickenings which contain erineum Undersurface leaf vagrant pockets 21-2. Tegmotus califraxini (K.) 9-13. Aceria paracalifornicus (K. ) Fraxinus oregona Nutt., Oregon ash Leaf and stem vagrant in the hairs Fruit galls in the form of rough 10-6. Paraphy top tus cal iforn i cus (Hal1 ) balls, ‘Klunkern’ Artemisia dracunculus L., 9-19. Aceria fraxinivorus (Nal.) Ell-like stem structure of deformed Ligustrum ovalifolium Haask., Privet leaves, buds and shoots In buds 9-16. Aceria dracunculi (L.) 9-17. Aceria ligustri (K.) Artemisia heterophylla Nutt., Wornwood On leaves and stems causing stunting Vagrant among hairs on leaves and stems and browning 9-15. Aceria neoarteaisiae (K. 1 17-17. Vasates Zigustri (K.) 10-7. Paraphytoptus inaeguazis K. Olea europa L., Olive Erineun pockets on leaves, the erineun Upper surface leaf vagrant on the underside 13-3. Oxypleurites maxrPelli K. 9-36. Aceria obalis (K.) HYDROPHYUACXAE Leaf vagrant, usually on the upper Eriodictyon crassifolium hth. surface hgleaf hairs, especially on the 33-5. Calepitriaerus cariniferus K. newly forming leaves 9-24.1. Aceria eriodictyonis K. Baccharis emoryi Gray LAB1 AmAE Vagrant, usually cp1 the upper surface Salvia apiana Jepson, White sage of the leaves In hairs on leaves and stems 13-5. Oxypleurites baccharis K. 10-5. Paraphytoptus salviacrinis K. Baccharis glutinma Pers. Salvia leucophylla Geene, Purple sage Bead galls on leaves and some leaf Under petiole bases deform t ion 9-18. Aceria neosalviae (K. ) 9-37. Aceria baccharices K. SOLANACEAE Baccharis pilularis E.,Chaparral broom Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. , Tanato Under leaf axils around lateral buds Browning and curling of the leaves, 9-40. Aceria calibaccharis (K. causing death to the plant Vagrants on upper surface of second -_17-14. Vasates destructor (K. 1 year leaves Petunia sp. 13-6. Oxypleurites acidotus K. Browning of leaves and stems Baccharis viminea LE., Mule fat 17-14. Vasates destructor (K. 1 See B. glutinasa Bkickellia californica & Physalis ixacarpa Brot. T. G. In buds and among seeds in flower heads Browning of the leaves ? 10-1. K. 17-14. Paraphytoptus brickelliae Vasates destructor (K.) Chrysanthemum sp. (morifolium Ram. ?) Solanum douglasii hal. Nightshade , Yagrants among sbrface hairs in buds Leaf vagrant or under sepals 17-14. Vusutes destructor (K.) and Solanum tuberosum L., potato 10-4. Paraphy toptus chrysm them i K. Browning of leaves chrysopsis oregana Gray 17-14. Vasates destructor (K. 1 At base of leaf axils along stems 9-23. Aceria chrysopsis (K. ) THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 11

Cynara scolymus L., Artichoke Haplopappus venetus H. B. K. Vagrants among hairs on undersides of Around lateral buds leaves and stems 9-42. Aceria haplopappi (K. 1 9-43. Aceria neocynarae (K.) Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt., Telegraph weed Encelia californica Nutt. At the bases of lateral leaves Around buds and in surface hairs 9-24. Aceria heterothecae (K. 1 9-14. Aceria enceliae (K.) Lepidospartum squamatum Gray 10-3. Paraphytoptus mcgregori K. Stunted shoots with bud clusters Ermicamria ericoides (Less. 1, False heather 9-29. Aceria Zepidosparti K. In leaf axils, around buds, and in terminal Pluchea sericea Nutt., Mock willow Cecidomyid galls Among hairs on leaves and around 9-41. Aceria spinulifera (K.) terminal bud 16-4. Anthocoptes ericaaerieZZa K. 10-8. Paraphytoptus calcplucheae (K.) Ericaneria pinifolia (Gray) Wyethia sp. (mollis Gray ?), In Cecidomyid galls Flwer gall deforming part or all of 9-41. Aceria spinulifera (K. 1 the flower Eriophyllum staechadifolium Lag. 9-38. Aceria beevori K. Among hairs on leaves and stem, also Wyethia sp. in leaf axils Vagrant among the undersurface leaf hairs 9-35. Aceria Zangei (K.) 9-39. Aceria wyethiae K.

111. Keys to California Eriophyid Mites

Key to Subfamilies 2. Subdorsal abdominal setae present ...... I. Trisetacus (p. 11 ) Subdorsal abdominal setae ahsent 1. Three or four setiferous tubercles on shield; ...... 2. Setoptus jonesi (p. 20) subdorsal abdominal setae present or absent 2...... 3. Abdaninal microtubercles evenly distributed . setiferous tubercles on shield, or no Two 3. (p. 11) shield setae; subdorsal abdominal setae ...... Phytoptus Dorsal microtubercles forming a well-spaced never present ...... 3. pattern of longitudinal lines ...... 4. Anchiphytoptus lineatus (p. 21) 2. Shield with no anterior lobe over rostrum; ab- domen wormlike, with rings similar dorso- ventrally ...... PH=INa Species of Trisetacus Shield produced over rostrum, or abdominal tergites broader and less nunerous than the 1. Shield with central longitudinal lines; ante- sternites, or both; fusiform species .... cover- SIERRAPHYlOPTINAE (p. rior shield seta short; female genital ...... 12) flap acute; in needle sheaths of Pinus spp. (Nal.) (p. 20) 3. Shield never with anterior lobe over rostrum; ...... 1-1. pini abdomen wormlike, with rings similar above Shield with no central lines; anterior seta of and belm, at least anteriorly; when rostrm moderate length; coverflap rounded; small large the chelicerae evenly curved dm. . terminal tvig gall on C;ypress ...... WIOPHYINAE (p. 12) ...... 1-2. cupressi K. (p. 20) Usually fusiform mites with sane conbinatian of the follwing characters: anterior shield lobe over rostrun; or with tergites broader Species of Phytoptus and less numerous than sternites especially anteriorly; or with rostrum large, tapering, 1. No lateral spur on tibia of first leg; big-bud and chelicerae abruptly bent downward at on Corylus ...3-1. auelZunae Nal. (p. 21) right angles. - . - . PHYLUM)PTINAE (p. 1s) Foretibia with lateral spr...... 2. 2. Shield design obsolete; in buds and around Phytoptinae, Generic key seeds of Cornus nuttalli ...... 3-2. corniseninis K. (p. 21) 1. 'Ihree shield setae ...... 2. Shield with strong design of lines; deforming Four shield setae ...... 3. shoots of Hedera 3-3. hedericola K. (p. 21) 12 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Sierraphytoptinae, Generic key striations in two ranks ...... 2. Coverflap smooth, or with scoring crescentic, 1. Subdorsal abdominal setae present ...... or longitudinal scoring uninterrupted . . 3. . 5. Sierraphytoptus alnivagrons K. (p. 21) Subdorsal abdominal setae absent ..... 2. 2. Featherclaw 6-rayed; female genital apdeme shortened; Camellia bud mite ...... 2. Two anterior shield setae ...... 9-1. camelZiaeK. (p. 26) ..... 6. MackieZla phoenicis K. (p. 22 ) Featherclaw 5-rayed; apodeme normal length; One anterior shield seta 7. NaZepeZZa (p. 12) cactus bud mite. 9-2. cactorm (K.) (p. 25)

3. Featherclaw 3-rayed; oak and walnut mites. 4. Species of Nalepella Featherclaw 4-rayed ...... 9. Featherclaw 5-rayed ...... 25. 1. Fore coxae spinuliferous both apically and at Featherclaw 6-rayed ...... 41. junction; microtubercles pointed; vagrant on Featherclaw 7-rayed ...... 45. Abies rnagnifica ... 7-1. ednae K. (p. 22) Fore coxae spinuliferous only at junction; 4. Genital setae on spur-like tubercles; erineum microtubercles rounded; vagrant on needles on English halnut ...... of Tsuga mertensiana 7-2. tsugae K. (p. 22) ...... 9-3. erineus (Nal. (p. 27) Genital tubercles normal ...... 5.

Eriophyinae, Generic key 5. Genital coverflap sculptured; the oak mites 6. Genital coverflap smooth...... 7. 1. Dorsal shield setae missing ...... 8. Cecidophyes Nal.(p. 12) 6. Coverflap with fine oblique lines; erineum Dorsal shield setae present...... 2. pockets on Quercus agrifoZia ...... 9-4. mackiei (K.) (p. 30) 2. Oorsal shield setae pointing backward over ab- Coverflap with lobular sculpturing; bud domen from tubercles situated on rear shield clusters on Quercus agrifolia...... margin...... 3...... 9-5. paramackiei (K.) (p. 32) Dorsal shield setae pointing up, centrally, or forward, from tubercles usually distinctly 7. Foretibial seta absent; stunted shoots on ahead of rear shield margin ...... 4. Nothofagus . . 9-6. waltheri (K.) (p. 34) Foretibial seta present ...... 8. 3. Abdominal rings similar the full length of ab- domen ...... 9. Aceria K. (p. 12) 8. Abdominal microtubercles rounded; purse gall Abdominal rings of even numbers dorso-ven- on leaves of Juglans hindsii...... trally imnediately behind shield; at some ...... 9-7. brachytarsus (K.) (p. 24) point beyond 1/4 becoming differentiated Microtubercles each bearing a spinule; into tergites and sternites, the tergites inquiline in galls on Juglans hindsii ... covering two or more sternites ...... 9-8. amiculus (K.) (p. 24) ...... 10. Paraphytoptus Nal. (p. 14) 9. Tergites more numerous than sternites by lateral doubling of alternate rings; magenta 4. No differentiation between tergites and erineum on Acer glabrm ...... sternites ... 11. Eriophyes von S. (p. 14) ...... 9-9. calaceris K. (p. 25) Tergites on rear fourth broader and covering ttings on abdominal dorsum about same number as two sternites each ...... on sternum, doubling infrequent and erratic ...... 12. Pareria fremontiae (p. 39) ...... 10.

Species of Cecidophyes 10. Foretibial seta missing; Rubus bud mites. 11. Foretibial seta present ...... 12. 1. Shield lines distinct; large lateral granular area; bud mite on Laurus ...... 11. Genital coverflap with crescentic scoring; .... 8-1. rnaZpighianus (C. & M.) (p. 23) redberry mite 9-10. essigi (Hassan) (p. 28) Shield lines mostly obsolete, especially the Coverflap with longitudinal scoring; bud mite submedian lines; small lateral granular on native blackberry ...... area; bud mite on Ilex ...... 9-11. orthornera K. (p. 32) ...... 8-2. verilicis (K.) (p. 23) 12. Female genital coverflap smooth...... 13. Species of Acetia Coverflap scored...... 14. 1. Female genital coverflap with longitudinal 13. Weak shield design; caudal lobes humped above; THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 13

woody bud galls on Populus ...... dorsal tubercles ; microtubercle spinules of ...... 9-12. parapopuli (K.) (p. 32) moderate length; bud mite on Heterotheca . . Strong shield design; lobes normal; erineum ...... 9-24. heterothecae (K.) (p. 29) pockets on Artemisia californica ...... Submedian shield lines forked in front of .... 9-13. paracalifornicus (K.) (p. 32) dorsal tubercles; microtubercle spinules longer; in leaf hairs on Eriodictyon .... 14. Genital coverflap scoring crescentic; bud mite ...... 9-24.1 eriodictyonis K. (p. 27) on EnceZia . . 9-14. enceliae (K.) (p. 27) Submedian shield lines simple or broken; bud Coverflap scoring longitudinal ...... 15. mite on Cotyledon 9-25. stinsonis (K.)(p. 33) 15. Abdominal microtubercles rounded .....16. 25. Abdominal microtubercles rounded .....26. hlicrotubercles distinctly pointed or each Microtubercles pointed m extended into a bearing a spinule...... 21. spinule ...... 33.

16. Genital setiferous tubercles larger than 26. Median shield line ending in a rear-pointing usual...... 17. dart-shaped mark...... 27. These tubercles of normal size...... 18. Median line simple...... 29. Median line very faint or obsolete; on 17. Abdominal rings on dorsal rear smooth; in leaf Berberis . . 9-25.1 caliberberis K. (p. 26) hairs on leaves of Artemisia heterophylla...... 9-15. neoartesisiae (K.) (p. 31) 27. Shield design of lines of granules and short Hings completely microtuberculate; causing streaks; bead galls on leaves of Ceanothus coarse shoot deformation on Artemisia uelutinus ....9-26. ceanothi (K.) (p. 26) dracunculus . 9-16. dracunculi (K.) (p. 27) Shield design of solid lines when distinct 28.

1P. Central shield design obsolete except for 28:Shield design always distinct with first sub- short marks just ahead of rear margin; median line forked in front of dorsal tubercle; privet bud mite 9-17. Zigustri (K.) (p. 30) fig bud mite . 9-27. ficus (Cotte) (Pa 28) Shield design clear ...... 19. Shield design usually indistinct; when dis- tinct the first and second submedian lines 19. Two or three strong diagonal lines across confluent ahead of dorsal tubercles; citrus large lateral granular shield area; bud bud mite . . 9-28. sheldoni (Ewing) (p. 33) ’ mite on Salvia leucophyl la ...... 9-18. neosaluiae (K.) (p. 31) 29. Shield lines interspersed with numerous short Lateral granular areas homogeneous ....20. dashes; bud and shoot deformer on Lepidospartum . 9-29. lepidosparti K. (p. 30) 20. Median shield line ending in posterior dart- Shield lines with clear spaces in between for shaped mark; deformed fruiting bodies on the most part ...... 30. ash, ‘klunkern’ ...... 9-19. fraxiniuorus (Nal.) (p. 28) 30. Shield design of lines of granules. ... 31. Median shield line simple; leaf edgeroller and Shield lines solid ...... 32. shoot deformer on pomegranate ...... 9-20. granati (Can.) (p. 29) 31. Admedian shield lines meeting behind’the median; loquat bud mite ...... 21. Microtubercles strong and spinulate ventrally ...... 9-30. eriobotryae (K.) (p. 27) on abdomn, weak on dorsal half; flowers of Admedian lines ending on rear shield margin; Umbelliferae. 9-21. peucedrmi (Can.) (p. 32) persimnon bud mite 9-31. diospyri K. (p. 26) Abdominal microtubercles equally developed above and below ...... 22. 32. Admedian shield lines very close on anterior half; feijoa bud mite ...... 22. A rear-pointing dart-shaped mark connected ...... 9-32. feijoae (K.) (p. 28) with the median shield line ...... 23. Admedians well spaced apart for entire length; Median line simple or broken...... 24. mulberry bud mite . 9-33. mri (K.) (p. 31)

23. Dart-shaped mark in center of shield: micro- 33. Abdominal microtubercles stronger belm, sup- tubercles pointed; leaf bead galls on pressed on dorsal half: alfalfa bud mite . . Ambrosia...... 9-22. bqycei (K.) (p. 24) ...... 9-34. aedicaginis (K.) (p. 30) Dart-shaped mrk at rear; microtubercles Microtubercles evenly developed on abdmn, spinuliferous in buds and at leaf bases on above and belm ...... 34. Chrysopsis . . 9-23. chrysopsis (K.) (p. 26) 34. Lateral granulations extending into shield 24. Submedian shield lines forked in front of area in front of dorsal tubercles ... 35. 14 BULLETIN OF THE CAIJFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Granular area more restricted to side, not ...... 9-45.1 paradianthi K. (p. 32) involving area in front of dorsal hledian line unconnected; second submedian line tubercles ...... 36. forked in front of dorsal tuhrcle; purple wart mite on aloe .Q-46. aloinis (I{.) (p. 23) 35. Granulations extending to first submedian Median line unconnected; first submedian line lines; on Eriophyl lum ...... forked in front of tubercle; on creosote ...... 9-35. langei (K.) (p. 29) bush ...... 9-47. larreae (K.) (p 20) Granulations not extending past second sub- 45. Shield pattern a network, first submedian line medians; on Artemisia heterophylla ..... joining admedian before dorsal tubercles; ...... 9-36. abalis (F.1 (p. 23) lupine bud mite 9-48. calilupini (K.) (p. 26) First submedian line separate from admedian; 36 . Second submedian shield line with a branch bulb rkiophyia . . 9-4'!. tulipae (K.) (p. 33) crossing first submedian line in front of tubercles ...... 37. Species of Paraphytoptus First and second submedians usually separate for entire length, not crossing .... 38. 1. Featherclaw 6-rayed; tergites covering two sternites for 3/4 of the abdomen; in surface 37. Dart-shaped median mark in center of shield on hairs, buds and seedheads of Brickellia . . mdian line; leaf galls on Baccharis uiminea ...... 10-1. brickelliae K. (p. 3/51 and glutinosa . 9-37. baccharices K. (p. 24 Featherclaw 6-rayed; tergites covering two Median line simple; flower galls on Wyethia . sternites on rear 1/4 of abdomen; bud mite ...... 9-38. beeuori K. (p. 24) on pine tree mistletoe 10-1.1 arceuthobii K...... (p. 34) 38. Dart-shaped mrk near posterior end of median Featherclaw 5-rayed ...... 2. shield line; vagrant in hairs on Wyethia ...... 9-39. wyethiae K. (p. 34) 2. Shield design net-like; bud mite on Rhamnus . . Median line simple ...... 39...... 10-2. rhamniphagus K. (p. 35) Shield design of lines ...... 3. 39I. Microtubercles pointed; around lateral buds on twigs of Baccharis prlularis ...... 3. Median line ending in a dart-shaped mark . 4...... 9-40. calibaccharis (K.) (p. 25) Median line simple to rear ...... 5. Each microtubercle bearing a spinule or pro- duced point ...... 40. 4. Tergites covering two sternites each for 5/6 of abdomen length; vagrant in Encelia hairs 40. First submedian line strong and extending ...... 10-3. mcgregori K. (P. 35) nearly to dorsal tubercle; more elonate Tergites covering two sternites each on rear species; on Ericameria ...... third only; semi-budmite on Chrysanthemum ...... 9-41. spinulifera (K.) (p. 33) ...... 10-4. chrysanthemi K. (p. 35) First submedian line weak, not clearly ex- tending past center of shield; more robust 5. Lateral granular area on shield extending to mite on Haplopappus . 9-42. haplopappi (K.) first shdian line; in surface hairs on ...... (p. 29) Salvia apiana 10-5. salviacrinis K. (p. 35) 41. Abdominal microtubercles rounded .....42. Second submedian line distinct at least in Microtubercles pointed or spinuliferous. . 44. part...... 6. 42. Third ventral seta large and spine-like; 6. Second submedian shield line recurved centrad vagrant- in leaf hairs on artichoke ..... behind fifst submedian; rear tergites with ...... 9-43. neocynarae (K.) (p. 31) uneven serrate edges; in hairs of Artemisia nird ventral seta norm1 ...... 43. californica 10-6. californicus (Hall) (p. 34) Second submedian diverging from first or 43 Median and submedian shield lines obsolete; forked from first ...... 7. lateral ocellar spot; on Allenrolfea ...... 9-43.1 allenrolfeae K. (p. 23) 7. Tergites covering at least two sternites for Median shield line with dart-shaped mark at 1/2 abdominal length; in surface hairs on rear, first submedian line running Artemisia heterophylla. 10-7.inaequalisK. (p. 35) past Broader tergites occupying rear fourth of second .9-44. ) (p...... aagnoliae (K. 30) abdomen, less; in buds and hairs of Median line simple at rear, first submedian or among Pluchea (p. enclosed by second; causes large drooping . - 10-8. caliplucheae (K.) 35) catkin galls on Populus 9-45. neoessiei".. (K.) ...... (p. 31) Species of Eriophyes 44. Median shield .line connected to admedians by front branches and cross lines; on carnation 1. Female genitalia with longitudinal furrows in THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 15

two ranks, the genitalia appressed to coxae nail galls on linden leaves ...... and the apodeme shortened; lateral ocellar ...... 11-11. tilrae (Fgst.) (p. 3P) spot on shield; grape bud and erineum mite ...... 11-1. uitis (Pgst.) (pa 3R) 11. Dorsal setae directed dorso-centrally; shield Female genitalia normal distance from coxae, design of lines of granules; Euonynus bud with furrows in a single rank; apodeme nor- mite ... 11-12. conuolvens (Nal.) (p. 36) mal length; no ocellar spot ...... 2. Dorsal setae directed anterocentrally; shield design indistinct; Wisteria bud mite .... 2. Featherclaw 3-rayed; willow bud mite ...... 11-13. wisteriae K. (p. 39) ...... 11-2. triradiatus (Nal.) (p. 38) Featherclaw 4-rayed ...... 3. 12. Dorsal setae directed dorso-centrally; lateral Featherclaw 5-rayed ...... 11. shield granules encroaching to admedian Featherclaw 6-rayed ...... 12. lines; in leaf sheaths of Carex barbarae ...... 11-14. caricis K. (p. 363) 3. Body rings smooth, or with large ventral Dorsal setae directed ahead and up ....13. microtubercles which if present are usually in small numbers ...... 4. 13. Shield covered with short longitudinal Rings completely microtuberculate .....5. streaks; admedian lines distinct; flower gall on Spriaea densiflora ...... 4. Female genital apodeme evenly rounded anteri- ...... 11-15. spiraeae (Nal.) (p. 38) orly; some individuals with ventral micro- Shield design obsolete centrally; in buds and tubercles; bead galls on alder leaves ... blasted flowers of Buxus ...... 11-3. Zaeuis (Nal.) (p. 37 ) ...... 11-16. canestrinii (Nal.) (p.36) Female genital apodeme emarginate centrally and notched lateral1y; never with ventral tubercles; finger galls on Prunus enarginata Phyllocoptinae, Key to Tribes ...... 11-4. emarginatae K. (p. 36 1. Rostrum variable in size but always with 5. Microtubercles on abdomen each bearing a chelicerae evenly downcurved; dorsal tu- spinule, or ventrally in the form of trian- bercles variable in position . Phyllocoptini gular points ...... 6. Rostrum large, tapering, the chelicerae Microtubercles rounded or at most slightly abruptly bent down at right angles a short pointed ...... 7. distance from base; dorsal tubercles ahead of rear margin and directing the setae 6. Ventral microtubercles in the form of points: (when present) up and ahead Diptilomiopini shield design centrally indistinct; inqui- ...... (p. 19) line in Prunus emarginata finger galls ...... 11-5. sauagei K. (p. 38 1 Phyllocoptini, Key to Genera Microtubercles evenly spinuliferous ; shield design more distinct; bud mite on Prunus 1. Tergites moderately broad, with more or less arufersoni .... 11-6. breechii K. (p. 35) acute and produced lateral lobes; dorsal tubercles and setae various ...... 7. Admedian lines confluent behind median; pear ...... 13. Orypleurites (p. 16) leaf blister mite ...... Tergites of various widths, but curving ...... 11-7. pyri (Pgst.) (p. 37) evenly to sternites, or extremely broad . 2. Admedians ending on rear shield margin . . 8. 2. Dorsal setae absent ...... 3. 8. Median line faint to rear or obsolete; ad- Dorsal setae present ...... 4. medians present only on rear half of shield; in buds of Prurws ilicifolia ...... 3. Abdomen without ridges 14. 6ptophylla (p. 17) ...... 11-8. ilicifoliae K. (p. 36) Abdomen with three to five wax bearing ridges 15. (p. 17) Median shield line distinct ...... 9...... Calacarus 4. Dorsal setae projecting directly caudad over 9. Median line broken but otherwise simple; leaf abdomen from tubercles on rear margin . . 5. erineurn on Prunus andersoni ...... Dorsal setae nearly always arising from tu- ...... 11-9. prunandersoni K. (p. 37) bercles distinctly ahead of rear shield mar- Median line ending in a dart-shaped mark . 10. gin, the setae projecting centrally, up, or ahead ...... 10. 10. Submedian line meeting an inwardly diagonal line in front of tubercle; toyon bud mite 5. Tergites very large and broad, contrasting ...... 11-10. heteromeles K. (p. 36) with those over cauda ...... Submedian line forked in front of tubercle; ...... 16. Anthocoptes (p. 17) 16 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Tergites not as broad and graduating evenly to Flattened species, or dorsal ridges present, the rear ...... 6. no central furrow ...... 18.

6. Abdomen circular or broad-elliptical in cross 17. Central furrow occupying center of broader section, only slight subdorsal furrows if central ridge ...... any, tergites not undulate ...... 28. Cupacarus cuprifestor (p. 52 ) ...... 17. Vasates (p. 17) The furrow a broad trough occupying most of Tergites ridged, furrowed, or undulate . . 7. dorsum with a ridge on each side ...... 29. Phyllocoptruta oleivorus (p. 52) 7. Tergites usually undulate or lobed; female genitalia appressed to coxae and apodeme 18. Flat species with a sublateral longitudinal shortened ...... furrow on each side ...... 18. Gammaphytoptus camphorae (p. 48) ...... 30. Platyphytoptus (p. 18) Tergites forming ridges or furrows; genitalia Species less flat, having central ridges or normal distance from coxae and apodeme usual rows of spines ...... 19. length ...... 8. 19. Lines of wax-bearing spines on a pattern of 8. Dorsum almost wholly occupied by a broad lon- low longitudinal ridges ...... gitudinal trough, no central ridge ...... 31. CaZlyntrotus schlectendali (p. 53) ...... 19. Tetra (p. 18) One central longitudinal ridge, sometimes low A central dorsal ridge and subdorsal ridges 9. and not much differentiated from rest of dorsum ...... 20. 9. The central ridge ending in broad dorsal trough before end of trough ...... 20. The central longitudinal ridge often low, but ...... 20. Abacarus (p. 18) tapering evenly with subdorsal furrows, part Central ridge as far caudad as subdorsal of species flattened 32. Epitrimerus (p. 18) ridges, all fading simultaneously ..... Central ridge sharper and usually higher, end- ...... 21. Tegonotus (p. 1P) ing in a broad trough before lateral ridges; sides of abdomen often declivitous ...21. 10. Featherclaw divided ...... 11. Featherclaw simple ...... 13. 21. All ventral setae Dresent, anterior shield lobe acute ....33. Calepitrimerus (p. 19) 11. Abdomen expanded laterally behind shield, cau- Ventral abdominal setae I and I1 absent; ante- dal portion suddenly narrower...... rior shield lobe broad ...... 22. Tumescoptes trachycarpi (p. Sa) ...... 34. Acamina nolinae (p. 57) Abdomen tapering evenly ...... 12. 12. Central abdominal ridge ending before end of Species of Oxypleurites dorsal trough ....23. Acaricalus (p. 18) Centra 1 ridge tapering simultaneously with 1. Dorsal shield tubercles ahead of rear margin furraws and subdorsal ridges ...... 2...... 24. Acaphylla steinwedeni (p. 50) Dorsal tubercles on rear margin ...... 3.

13. Abdomen circular or broad-elliptical in cross 2. Hind patellar seta present, on cultivated section, only slight subdorsal furrows ... Corylus .... 13-1. depressus Nal. (p. 40) ...... 25. Phyllocoptes (p. 18) Hind patellar seta absent; on alder ..... Abdomen flattened, or with central trough or ...... 13-2. rnarinalni K. (p. 40) ridge ...... 14. 3. Dorsal depression inmediately above cauda; 14. Accessory flap over rostrum under anterior lateral projections unequal; on olive ... shield lobe; rear of abdomen abruptly pro- ...... 13-3. maxwelli K. (p. 40) jecting dawn or recurved; flattened species Dorsum curving evenly drnvn to cauda ....4...... 15. No accessory flap under anterior shield lobe . 4. Dorsal setae projecting outwards and caudad 5...... 16. Dorsal setae projecting up and centrally . .7. 15. Central longitudinal ridge present ...... 5. Tergites flat; on English walnut ...... 26. CaZiphytoptus quercilobatae (p. 52) ...... 13-4. juglandis K. (p. do) Three narrinv dorsal longitudinal furrows ... A central longitudinal ridge ...... 6. ... 27. Acarelliptus occidentalis (p. 52) 6. Tergal ridge with small longitudinal furrms; 16. Central dorsal longitudinal furrows ... 17. southern species on Baccharis ...... THE ERIOPHYID MlTES OF CALIFORNIA 17

...... 13-5. baccharis K. (p. 40) ...... 17-1. calulini (K.) (p. 43) Tergal ridge with almost no sculpturing; cen- Featherclaw 8-rayed ...... 2. tral California; on Baccharis ...... 13-6. acidotus K. (p. 39) Featherclaw 7-rayed ...... 3. Featherclaw 6-rayed ...... 4. 7. Central longitudinal ridge on dorsum; on Featherclaw 5-rayed ...... 5. Aesculus . .13-7. aesculifoliae (K.) (p. 39) Featherclaw 4-rayed ...... 6. No tergal ridge ...... 8. 2. Shield pointed anteriorly and with design 8. Shield as long as broad; montane species; on clearly visible; on msquite ...... Cornus .... 13-8. cornifoliae K. (p. 40) ...... 17-2. prosopis (K.) (p. 47) Shield shorter than broad; lowland species; an Anterior shield lobe roded; design obsolete; Cornus ...... 13-9. glabratae K. (p. 40) on Taaarix ... 17-3. iuigrms (K.) (p. 45)

3. Median shield line ending with a dart-shaped Species of Coptophylla mark; on Symphoricarpos ...... 17-4. syapfwricarpi (K.) (p. 47) 1. Tergites broad, each covering a number of fine Median shield line siuple; on Elyrus ..... sternites; an cultivated Corylus ...... 17-5. rckenziei K. (p. 46) ...... 14-1. Zaairani (K.) (p. 41) Tergites and sternites all narrcm and about 4. Shield design net-like, tergites smooth; on equal, microtuberculate ...... 2. Cercis ...... 17-6. scotti (K.) (p. 47) Shield granular, tergites with elongate micro- 2. Shield design of solid lines; on Arbutus ... tubercles; on magnolia ...... 14-2. arbuti (K.) (p. 41) ...... 17-7. rnagnoliuora (K.) (p. 46) Shield design of lines of granules; on oak ...... 14-3. caliquerci K. (p. 41) 5. Microtubercles spine-1,ike; on Manzanita ...... 17-8. rnwzanitae (K.) (p. 46) Microtubercles pointed or short-spinulate, an Species of Calacarus Cotyledon . . 17-9. cotyZedonis (K.) (p. 43) Tergites lacking microtubercles; on Ambrosia . 1. Three wax-bearing abdominal ridges; on Kellogg ...... 17-10. drosiae (K.) (p. 43) oak ...... 15-1. puluiferus K. (p. 42) Five wax-bearing abdominal ridges .....2. 6. Dorsal setae at least one and one half the shield length ...... 7. 2. Elaborate shield pattern of curved lines; on Dorsal setae at most about shield length . 8. Camellia ... 15-2. adornatus K.) (p. 41) Shield design of a simple elliptical central 7. Tergites microtuberculate; on native Corylus . raised plate, the margin absent anteriorly; ...... 17-11. tumalpais (K.) (p. 47) on Valley white oak 15-3. tejonis K. (p. 42 ) Tergites smooth; on azalea ...... 17-12. rhododendronis (K.) (p. 47) Species of Anthocoptes 8. Shield design obsolete; Unbelliferae 1. Featherclaw 2-rayed; elm on ... on ...... 17-13. (Nal.) (p. 44) 16-1. K. (p. 42) ...... eurynotus ...... punctidorsa Shield design distinct Featherclaw 5 or 6-rayed ...... 2...... 4. 9. Shield strongly declivitous on front of ante- 2. Featherclaw 6-rayed; on Pickeringia .... rior lobe; on Sol an^ 16-2. (p...... pickeringiae K. 4) ...... 17-14. destructor (K.) (p. 44) Featherclaw 5-rayed ...... 3. Anterior shield lobe tapering to leading edge-- ...... lU. 3. Tergites non-tuberculate, shield with central longitudinal hump; on Cermothus cuneatus ...... 16-3. hesperus K. (p. 42) 10. Anterior shield lobe with a pair of small ter- Tergites with elongate microtubercles; shield minal spines ...... 11. design obsolete; on Ericoreria ...... Anterior shield lobe lacking terminal spines ...... 16-4. ericaaeriella K. (p. 42) ...... 14.

Species of Vasates 11. Shield design of lines of granules; on apple ...... 17-15. maZiuagrans K. (p. 46) 1. Featherclaw 2-rayed; on elm ...... Shield design of solid lines ...... 12. 18 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

12. Tergites strongly microtuberculate; on Rhamnus row; on oak ... 23-1. segundus K. (p. 50) ..... 17-16'. rhamniuagrans (K.) (p. 47) Shield hardly keeled, lines broad; on ivy . . Tergites smooth or nearly so ...... 13...... 23-2. hederae (K. 1 (p. 50)

13. On privet ....17-17. Zigustri (K.) (p. 45) On peach . . 17-18. cornutus (Banks) (p. 43) Species of Phyllocoptes On plum ... 11-19. fockeui (Nal.) (p. 45) 1. Featherclaw 3-rayed; on willow ...... 14. Tergites and sternites about equal in number; ...... 25-1. caZisaZicis K. (p- 51) on Sierra Maple .17-20. paraglabri K. (p. 46) Featherclaw 4-rayed ...... 2. Tergites less numrous than sternites . . 15. Featherclaw 5-rayed ...... 3. Featherclaw 6-rayed; on rose ...... 15. Tergal microtubercles indistinct; bead galls ...... 25-2. adalius K. (p. 51) on willaw leaves 17-21. Zaeuigatae (Hassan) ...... (p.45) 2. Tergites very similar to sternites; on plum Tergal microtubercles distinct ...... 16...... 25-3. abaenus K. (p. 51) Tergites distinctly broader than sternites; on 16. Tergal microtubercles short, elliptical, bead bracken ..... 25-4. dimrphus K. (p. 51) galls on poison oak leaves ...... 17-22. toxicophagus (Ewing) (P. 47) 3. Female coverflap longitudinally very narraw; Tergal microtubercles elongate; on Sierra on Cedrus ...... 25-5. cedri K. (p. 51) Maple in magenta erineum 17-23.gZabri K.(p.45) Tergal coverflap of normal shape ..... 4.

Species of Tetra 4. Shield design a network of solid lines; in rose fruits . 25-6. fructiphilus K. (p. 51) 1. Featherclaw 6-rayed: vqant on leaves of Shield design of lines of granules .... 5. Cercocarpus ...19-1. cercocarpi K. (p. .ia) Featherclaw 2-rayed; vagrant on elm leaves . . 5. Admedian lines forked to rear, the inner ...... 19-2. concaua (K.) (p. 48) branches confluent; on Rubus uitifolius ...... 25-7. calirubi K. (p. 51) Admedian lines diverging to rear; on cultivat- Species of Abacarus ed Rubus*. ..25-8 gracilis (Nal.) (p. 52) 1. Featherclaw 8-rayed; submedian shield lines absent; on grass .20-1. hystrix (Nal.)(p. 48) Species of Platyphytoptus Featherclaw 6-rayed; submedian shield lines present; on Ceanothus 20-2.acalyptus(K. l(p.48) 1. Tergites and sternites about equal in number; on lowland and middle altitude pines in Species of Tegonocus needle sheaths ...... 30-1. sabinianae K. p. 53) 1. Tergites narraw, microtuberculate .....2. Tergites half as numerous as sternites on Tergites broader, microtubercles suppressed or Pinus murryana at high elevations .... absent...... 3...... 30-2. multisternatus K. p. 53)

2. Shield design of lines of granules; under avo- cado buttons ...21-1. ayersi (K.) (p. @) Species of Epitrimerus Shield design of solid lines; vap-mt on ash ...... 21-2. califraxini (K.) (p. 49) 1. Dorsal setae projecting cawlo-centrally or centrally from tubercles diagonal with but 3. Broad central tergal ridge; deforming "IS touching the rear nmrgin ...... 2. leaves ....21-3. rhamicola (K.) (p. 49) Tubercles well ahead of the rear shield mr- Narrow central ridge ...... 4. gin, the setae projecting centrally . . 3. 4. Shield design net-like; on jujube ...... 2. Featherclaw 5-rayed; on Ribes ...... 21-4. zizyphagus (K.)(p. 49) ...... 32-1. sierribis K. (p. 55) Shield design obscure; on box elder ..... Featherclaw 6-rayed; on Ptelea ...... -21-5. negundella K. (p. 4) ...... 32-2. pteZeae K. (p. 55) 3. Shield bearing prominent lateral lobes . . 4. Species of Acaricalus Shield curving evenly into aMornen ....5. 1. Shield strongly keeled, lines of design nar- 4. Featherclaw 4-rayed; on pear ...... *and R. paruif lorus THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 19

...... 32-3. pyri (Nal.) (p. 55) . 36. Quadracus urticarius (C. & M.) (p. 57 ) Featherclaw 5-rayed; on Abies concolor ... At most only slight subdorsal furrows; no ...... 32-4. abietis K. (p. 54) broad central ridge, tergites even in side Featherclaw 6-rayed; on Cupressus ...... view .... 37. Rhyncaphytoptus K. (p. 19) ...... 32-5. cupressi (K.) (p. 54) 5. Dorsal ridges with wax glands forming lon- 4. Dorsal setae missing . 38. Rhynacus K. (p. 19) gitudinal bands of wax; on Sambucus .... Dorsal setae present . 39. Diptacus K. (p. 19) ...... 32-6. trilobus (Nal.) (p. 55) No definite longitudinal wax stripes formed, Species of Rhyncaphytoptus or no wax ...... 6. 1. Fore tibia shorter than tarsus ...... 2. 6. Female coverflap with diagonal furraw . 7. Fore tibia as long or longer than tarsus . 3. Female genital- coverflap with numerous short longitudinal streaks ...... 8. 2. Dorsal tubercules fingerlike; on sycamore ...... 37-1. platani K. (p. 58.) 7. Tergites much broader than sternites; on Dorsal tubercles only moderately produced; on Cupressus . 32.7. cupressifoliae K. (p. 54) oak .....37-2. megarostris (K.) (p. 58) Tergites but little broader than sternites; on Libocedrus . . 32.8. Zibocedri (K.) (p:54) 3. Tergites quite similar to sternites in form and number; coverflap with longitudinal 8. Featherclaw 4-rayed; on Pseudotsuga ..... scoring; on boxelder ...... 32-9. pseudotsugae K. (p. 55) ...... 37-3. strigatus K. (p. 59) Featherclaw 10-rayed; on ToxwIiun ...... Tergites fewer and broader than sternites . 4...... 32-10. tarodii (K.) (p. 55) 4. Microtubercles strongly spinelike; on Kellogg Species of Calepitrirnerus oak ...... 37-4. spinifera K. (p. 59) Microtubercles at most but moderately spine- 1. Dorsal tubercles produced finger-like; feath- like...... 5. erclaw 5-rayed; in surface hairs on Umbel- Zularia tips 33-1. umbellulariae K. (p. 57) 5. Tergites .smooth, covering 2 or 3 sternites; on Dorsal tubercles but moderately raised' . . 2. high mountain willow ...... 37-5. salicifoliae K. (p. 58) 2. Featherclaw 8-rayed; on Andropogon ...... Tergites bearing smll spines, at least lat- ...... 33-2. dropogonis K. (p. 56) erally, each cavering 4 to 5 sternites for Featherclaw 7-rayed; on Amelanchier leaves . . most of body length ...... 6...... 33-3. anatis K. (p. 56) Featherclaw 4-rayed ...... 3. 6. Featherclaw 5-rayed; on elm ...... 37-6. ulniuagrans K. (p. 59 ) 3. Central dorsal ridge one half abdominal Featherclaw &rayed; on fig ...... length; on apple . 33-4. baileyi K. (p. 56) ...... 37-7. ficifoliae K. (p.,58 1 Central ridge two thirds or inore abdomen Featherclaw 9-rayed; on lmland willow .... length...... 4...... 37-8. acilius K. (p. 58) 4. Shield design obscure, large area of lateral granulations; on Artemisia heterophylla . . Species of Rhynacus ...... 33-5. carinijerus K. (p. 56) 1. Tergites broader than and distinctly less The admedian lines and some others distinct nuraerous than sternites; on manzanita ...... 5...... 38-1. arctostaphyli (K.) (p. 60) Tergites and sternites about same number and 5. Admedian lines forking between the dorsal tu- structure; on Rubus ...... bercles; on grape 33-6. uitis (Nal.) (p. 57) ...... 38-2. abronius (K.) (p. 59) Admedian lines curving outward between the dorsal tubercles; M Crataegus ...... Species of Diptacus 33-7. (Nal.) (p...... arkatus 56) I. Dorsal tubercles slightly produced, the setae Diptilorniopini, Key to Genera short; anterior shield lobe short; design on shield net-like; on plum, peach, blackberry, 1. Featherclaw silrple ...... 2. grape and other hosts ...... Featherclaw divided ...... 4. ....39-1. gigantorhynchus (Nal.) (p. 60) Dorsal tubercles finger-like; anterior shield 2. No dorsal setae ...... lobe produced well over rcxitrm .....2...... 35. Asetacus nadronae K. (p. 57) Dorsal setae present ...... 3. 2. Median shield line 3/4 as long as shield; on alder ....39-2. sacrarnentae (K.) (p. 60) 3. Broad mid-dorsal abdominal ridge, the tergites Median line indistinct; on native Corylus . . uneven in lateral view ...... 39-3. caZicoryZi (K.) (p. 60) IV. Discussion of Species

PHYTOPTINAE sheath. Certain varieties have been named for this mite but the writer is unable to cmnt Genus 1. Tvisetacus Keifer, 1952 on their status at the present writing. In California the species of the genus Pinus that h1. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 41, p. 32, 1952 have the mite are: jeffreyi Vasey, Jeffry Type of genus: 'I'risetacus pini (Ral.) pine; ponderosa Dougl., Yellow pine; radiata Don, Monterey pine; sabinima Dougl., Digger pine; torreyana Farry, Torrey pine. This list Trisetacrrs crrpress; (1-2) (K.) will undoubtedly be enlarged. Plate 1-2 Ca 1if ornia records : Phytoptus cupressi kifer, BCLU V. 33, p. 19, 1944 AMADDR CO.: Lumber Yard Station, VIII-17-1947 Type locality: San Francisco (HHK Type host: Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw., Monterey EL DORADO CO.: Fallen Leaf Lake, M-10-1947 cypress ("K) Additional host: Juniperus ch inens is procurabens CDNTRA CDSTA CO.: Mt. Diablo, M-20-1951 Fhdl., prostrate juniper (HHK 1 Comnon name: Cypress tip mite UIS ANGELES CO.: Charleston Flats, M-12-1944 Relation to host: Ch Monterey cypress the mite (L. E. Myers) forms small galls on the tips of the twigs. MENWCINO 0.: Albion, 111-2-1939 What appears to be the same mite kills the tips (J. B. Steinweden) on prostrate juniper. RIVERSIDE CD.: Idylwild, X-9-1939 (HHK) SAN DIEGO CO. : Torrey Fines, M-7-1937 California records: (M. L. Jones) ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, X-1-1941, Juniper SAN LUIS OBISPO CO. : &&ria, M-6-1940 (HHK) (M. R. Bell) SACRAMENTO CO. : &cramento, M-1937 (HHK) CRANGE CO.: Santa ha, VI-10-1942 (Dudley) SAN FRANCISCO CO. : San Francisco, VIII-28- 1943 (HHK) Genus .2. Setoptus Keifer, 1944

BCDA V. 33, p. 19, 1944 Trisetacrrs phi (Nal.) (1-1) Type of genus: Setoptus jonesi (K.) Plate 1-1

Phytoptus pini Nalepa. Ab. &ad. Wiss. math-nat. Setoptus jorresi (K.) (2-1) Wien. V 96, p. 133, 1887 Plate 2-1 Eriophyes pini (Nal.) Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 182, 1938 Platyphytoptus jonesi Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 189, Type locality: Austria 1938 Type host: Pinus sylvestris L. Type locality: Torrey Pines Additional hosts: Pinus spp. Type host: Pinus torreyana Parry Cannon name: Pine bud mite (approved) Additional hosts: Pinus jeffreyi Vasey; P. mcrri- Relation to host: In California the mites inhab- cata Don; P. ponderosa Dougl. it the needle sheaths and have occasionally Canmon name: Torrey pine sheath mite been found to cause yellowing of the needles. Relation to host: The mites inhabit the needle In Europe on the type host this species pro- sheaths with no apparent damage to their hosts. duces twig enlargements. Discussion: This is the largest Eriophyid in Cal- Discussion: 'Ihis mite is widely distributed, ap- ifornia. It is widely distributed although parently by natural means. It occurs on any search has failed to indicate that it inhabits pine in California that has M adequate needle Monterey pine in its three mainland stands:

20 THE ERIOPHYID h1ITE.S OF CALIFORNIA 21

Cambria, Monterey and An0 Nuevo Point. It oc- No damage would seem to result from the activ- curs north and south of these localities, ities of the mite. hcwever. California records: California records : EL hAW a.:Riverton, RII-24-1938 (HHK) MADOR CO.: Lumber Yard Station, VIII-17-1947 (HHK) El. DORAW CO.: Twin Bridges, E-9-1945 (HHK) Pbyfoptzrs bedericola K. (3-3) MARIN CO.: Inverness, vII-1939 (HHK) Plate 3-3 SAN DIE0 0.:Torrey Pines, E-7-1937 (M. L. Jones) Phytoptus hedericola Keifer, DAV. 32, p. 212, 1943 Genus 3. Pbytoptm Dujardin, 1851 Type locality: San Mateo Type host: Hedera helix L., English Ivy Ann. Sci. nat. ser. 3, V. 15, p. 166, 1851 Comncn name: Ivy budmite Type of genus: Nal., Keifer, Relation to host: 'Ihe mites inhabit the buds and V. 27, p. 301, 1938 cause stunting of the leaves. ckt dwarf potted ivy this mite produces severe stunting of the Pbytoptru avellaiiae Nal. (3-1) shoots . Plate 3-1 California records: Phytoptus avellanae Nalepa, Sb. Akad. Wiss. math- Los ANGELES CO. : Montebe110, IX-15-1942 nat. Wien, V. 98, p. 126, 1889 (V. E. William) Type locality: Austria SAN MATE0 CO.: %n Mateo, XII-26-1942 (HHK) Type host: Corylus aveZlma L., Filbert Comnon name: Filbert bud mite (approved) Relation to host: The mites overwinter in the ter- Genus 4. Anchiphytopttcs Keifer, 1952 minal buds and change them into an enlarged structure which is a gall and is known as "big BCS)A V. 41, p. 31, 1952 bud". During the surmer the nymphs apparently Type of genus: Anchiphytoptus lineatus K. exist in two form. ?he one resembling the adult is found in the buds. The one on the un- At~cbiphytoptzrslivzeatus K. (4-1) derside of the leaves is of a form which could Plate 4-1 not be expected for this type of mite since this nymph resembles Oxypleurites mites. Anchiphytoptus lineatus Keifer, BCaA V. 41, p. 31, Discussion: The mite is widely distributed on its 1952 host, and mcurs on what is probably a native Type locality: Rocky Camp, Hat Creek Corylus in the Eastern United States. Vallot in Type host: Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt., Mountain 1836 named this mite Acarus pseudogallarum : mhogany Mem. Ac. Dijon p. 189. Relation to host: 'his species is presumably a budmite. It was recovered from dry sections of Ca1 if ornia records : the host plant while the writer was studying BUTI%: CO.: Paradise V-16-1939 (A. E. hvey) the leaf vagrant, T. cercocarpi, on this host.

Phytoptzrs corniseminis K. (3-2) California records: Plate 3-2 SHASTA CO. : Rocky camp, kt Creek. VIII-10- 1948 (HHK) Phytoptus corniserninis Keifer, 8oA V. 28, p. 144, 1939 Type locality: Riverton, El Dorado Co. SIERRAPHYTOPTINAE Type host: Cornus nuttalli Aud., flowering dogwood Cmn name: Dogwood budmite Relation to host: The mites overwinter in the ter- Genus 5. Sierraphytoptus Keifer, 1939 minal buds. In the spring they move to the flcwers and then live through the sunmer mainly BCDA V. 28, p. 151, 1939 between the seeds in the persistent seed heads. Type of genus: Sierraphytoptus alnivagrans K. 22 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Sierraph ytoptrrs aluie~agramK. (5- 1) shield setae but no subdorsal abdomina1 setae. Plate 5-1 The writer has not seen the type of the genus, but the published figure seem informative. In Sierraphytoptus alnivagrans Keifer, ED9 V. 28, 1905 Banks established the genus Cecidobia for p. 152, 1939 the species salicicola, a mite he stated was Type locality: Cisco district from willuw galls. Banks described this mite as Type host: Alnus tenuifolia Nutt., alder having a frontal shield seta (like NaZepella?) , Relation to host: lhe mites are undersurface but the dorsal setae are depicted as pointing vagrants backwards, unlike NaZepeZla. Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell supplied the original material to Ca 1i f ornia records : Banks, and in 1944 he sent the writer additional PLACER CO.: cisco district, M-13-1938 (HHK) willw galls from the same location, on request. EL DORAM) CO.: Fallen Leaf Lake, E-13-1951 The mites in these galls proved to be a species (HHK of Vasates, perhaps the same as the mite Banks described except for the frontal seta. Benks may have mistaken uplifted chelicerae for a frontal Genus 6. Mackiella Keifer, 1939 seta. At any rate, Cecidobia remains unexplained.

BCDA V. 28, p. 147, 1939 Type of genus: Mackiella phoenicis K. Nalepella edilae K. (7-1) Plate 7-1

Mackiella phoenicis K. (6-1) Nalepella ednae Keifer, BCM V. 40, p. 93, 1951 Plate 6-1 Type locality: Twin Bridges Type host: Abies magnifica Murr., red fir Relation to host: The mites are needle vagrants Mackiella phoenicis Keifer, mAV. 28, p. 147, on 1939 the current season's growth, becoming more nu- 'Type locality: Indio rnerous in late sumner. Type host: Phoenix dactylifera L., date palm Comnon name: Date palm budmite California records: : kidges, M-1-1946 Relation to host: The mites live between the sur- EL co. Twin (HHK); faces of the folded fronds as they rise out of Fallen kaf Lake, M-11-1947 the bud. No apparent damage has ever been noted. Nalepella tsrrgae K. (7-2) Discussion: 'Ihis mite is without doubt of Old Plate 7-2 World origin, but apparently no one has ever searched for it on date palm in its native Nalepella tsugae Keifer, BCM V. 40, p. 94, 1951 habitat. To collect the mite the collector Type locality: Lassen National Park, 8000 feet must cut away the numerous sharp spines 'to get e levat ion. to the folded leaves. Type host: Tsuga mertensiana Bong., Mamtain hemlock California records: Fielation to host: The mites are vagrants on the new RIVERSIDE CO. : Indio, x-10-1938 (HHK) growth. SOLNO CO.: Winters district (Wolfskill Ranch), V-3-1945 (HHK) California record: SHASTA CO. : Lassen National Park, VIII-22-1949 Genus 7. Nalepella Keifer, 1944 (HHK 1

BCDA V. 33, p. 21, 1944 ERIOPHYINAE Type of genus: Nalepella triceias (Borner), Abr. Biol. Abt. Land-Forst. Kaiserl. Ges. Berlin, V. Genus 8. Cecidophyes Nalepa, 1889 5. p. 140, 1906; Keifer, BcDA V. 33, p. 21, 1944 Sb. &ad. liss. math-nat. lien, V. 98, p. 31, 1889 Discussion: This genus was erected to accommodate Type of genus: Cecidophyes galii (Karpelles) Nal.: mites allied to Sierraphytoptus that have three Keifer, BcDA v. 27, p. 302, 1938 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 23

Liiscussion: The writer has not seen the type of with the dorsal setae projecting directly back- the genus and has no information on it except wards from tubercles on the rear margin of the through Nalepa’s publications. Nalepa used the shield. The long axis of these dorsal tubercles genus for short, stocky mites, and then dis- is transverse to the direction of inclination. carded it when this viewpoint became untenable. In Aceria this axis is transverse to the body The lack of dorsal setae did not impress him as length. In some genera the dorsal tubercles are anything more than a specific character. situated near the rear shield margin but have their long axis parallel to the body length, directing the dorsal setae up and centrally. Cecidophyes malpi~hiauus (C.& M.) (8-1) Plate 8-1 Aceria abalis (K.) (9-36) Phytop tus malpighianus Canestrini and Massalongo, Plate 9-36 EM. SOC.Veneto-Trent. V. 5, p. 127, 1e93; Eriophyes at. Keifer, Bca4 V. 28, p. 334, 1930 Eriophyes abalis Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 25, 194@ Type locality: Italy Type locality: Sacramento Type host: Laurus nobilis L., Grecian laurel Type host: Artemisia heterophytla Nutt., womood Common name: Laurel budmite Relation to host: The mites cause erineum pockets Helation to host: The mites inhabit the buds and on the undersides of the leaves. nese pockets opening flowers. In the latter position they bulge out on the upper surface. ?he extra may cause blasting of the flaver parts, or de- growth of hair mikes the pockets white below. formation. Infestations would seem to remain Discussion: This mite is undoubtedly close to localized on the infested laurels, however. Aceria artenisiae (Can.) of Europe. Discussion: The original description does not pre- cisely match our Sacramento specimens. There Ca 1i fornia record : seems to be a complex of this type of mite in SACRAMWW CO. : Sacramento, X-19-1939 (HHK) the Mediterranean region, laurel leaves from Israel bearing erineurn having a very similar mite on them. Aceria alleurolfeae K. (9-43.1) Plate 9-43.1 California record: SACFiAMIPI’ZO CO. : Sacramento, IV-6-1939 (HHK) Aceria allenrolfeae Keifer, BCDA V. 41, p. 67, 1952 Type locality: Wheeler Hidge area of Kern County Cecidophyes verilicis (K.) (8-2) Type host: Allenrolfea occidentalis (Wats.), Plate 8-2 Iodine bush Additional host: Salicornia sp., pickleweed Eriophyes verilicis Keifer, BcIy\ V. 28, p. 418, Relation to host: The mites live in the crevices 1939 betmeen the joints, and in the flower heads. In Type locality: Sacramento these locations they usually produce a slight Type host: Ilex aquifolim L., holly browning and shriveling of the tissue. Relation to host: ?he mites live in the buds and under the fruit buttons. California records : KERN CO. : Wheeler Ridge district, XI-18-1951 California records : (HHK 1 ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley, 111-15-1939 SAN DIEGO CO. I Oceanside, X-2-1951, (HHK) (G. B. Ling) SACRAMEN’ZO CO. : Sacramento, VI-21-1939 (HHK) Aceria aloiiiis (K.) (9-46) Plate 9-46 Genus 9. Aceria Keifer, 1944 Eriophyes aloinis Keifer, BCDA v. 30, p. 205, 1941 Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 33, p. 22, 1944 Type locality: North Hollpood Type of Genus: Aceria tulipae K., BCIM v. 27, Type host: Aloe spinossissina, aloe p. 185, 1938 Additional host: Haworthia sp. Discussion: This genus accomnodates worm-like mites Comnon name: Aloe wart mite. 24. BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Relation to host: On aloe the mite produces a of Baccharis which is comnon to dry washes in large mass of disfiguring warts on the inner northern California. The other host is the same base of the leaves. The minute purple mites sort of thing but confined to the south. live in the crevices formed by the warts. The wart mass is entirely out of proportion to the California records: size of the causitive organism. BU'ITE CO.: C-, XI-23-1944 (H. G. White) KFRN CO.: Ebkersfield, 1-14-1946 (B. L. Fox) California records: Lo6 ANGELES CO. : Glendale, VIII-12-1941 LOS ANGELES CO.: hrbank, IV-13-1944: G& (V. E. Williams) dale, IV-15-1942 (L. E. Myers); L? RIVERSIDE CO. : Riverside, 1938 Angeles, XII-12-1940 (V. E. Williams); (K. E. Maxwell) North Hollywood, XI-18-1940 (W); R2- SAN MATE0 CO.: klmont, V-31-1947 do Beach, 11-25-1942; Van Nuys, IV-24-1944 VENRJRA CO.: Santa Faula, VIII-8-193O SAN DIEGO CO.: Pacific Beach, XII-9-1940 (E. L. Smith) (T. Aller): San Diego, E-16-1944 (D. F. Palmer) SANTA BARBARA CO. : Santa Barbara, VII-24-194i Aceria heevori K. (9-38) (H. S. Cumnings) Plate 9-38

Aceria beeuori Keifer, BCDA V. 40, p. 96, 1951 Aceria arnicrrlus (K.) (9-8) Type locality: Sierra City district Plate 9-8 Type host: Wyethia sp. possibly mollis Relation to host: The mite produces galls in the Eriophyes amiculus Keifer, XDA V. 29, p. 23, 1940 flwer heads of its host, which galls may at Type locality: Wheeler Canyon times involve the entire head. Type host: Juglans californica Kats., Southern black walnut California records : .Additional host: Juglans hindsii Jepson, northern SHASTA CO. : Rocky Camp, Hat Creek, VIII-10- black walnut 1948 (HHK) Relation to host: The mites are inquilines in the SIERRA CO.: Sierra City district, VII-18-1948 leaf galls caused by Aceria brachytarsus (K.) (G. A. Ekevor)

California records: vmmw cO. : Wheeler Canyon, Santa Paula, Aceria boycei (K.) (9-22) X-4-1939 (Cyril Gamnon) Plate 9-22 YOLO CO.: Davis, X-10-1939 (HHK) Eriophyes boycei Keifer, BCDA V. 32, p. 213, 1943 Type locality: Fillmore Type host: Ambrosia psilostachya DC., western ragweed Aceria haccharices K. (9-37) helation to host: Ihe mites form numerous bead Plate 9-37 galls on the terminal leaves. Discussion: This mite does not occur on the same Aceria baccharices Keifer, BCW V. 34, p. 139, host in northern Californica. 1945 Type locality: Chic0 Ca 1i fornia record : Type host: Baccharis uirninea E.,mule fat, the VFNTUFtA CO.: Fillmore, VIII-8-1940 northern plant (A. M. Ebyce) Additional host: Baccharis glutinosa Fers., the southern plant Aceria brachytarsus (K.) (9-7) Comnon name: Baccharis gallmite Plate 0-7 Relation to host: 'he mites produce bead galls on the leaves with the opening on the under sur- Eriophyes brevitarsus Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 224, face. At times these galls are numerous enough 1939 to deform the leaves. Eriophyes brachytarsus Keifer, Ea4 V. 28, p. 328, Discussion: ?he type host is the long-leaf type 1939 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 25

Type locality: Sacramento California record: Type host: Juglans hindsii Jepson, northern black VENWM CO. : Snta Paula, VII-28-1937 (HHK) walnut Additional host: Juglans californica Wats. , southern black walnut Aceria calaceris K. (9-9) Comnon name: Black walnut purse-gall mite Plate 9-9 Relation to host: The mites produce moderate- sized purse galls on the leaves with the open- Aceria calaceris Keifer, BI3)A V. 41, p. 33, 1952 ing on the under surface. lhe galls may be Type locality: Fallen Leaf Lake quite numerous on the leaflets, especially on Type host: Acer glabrrn Torr., Sierra maple lmr portions of the trees. Relation to host: The mite is found in and pre- Discussion: When first forlned these galls, which sumably causes the magenta-colored erineum on are rather large considering the size of the the tips of the leaves of its host. Ihis mite, are nearly empty, with only the stem- erineum is canposed of hollow capitate hairs, mother present. As the season advances the containing magenta-colored fluid. galls become filled with reddish mites until Discussion: White erineum on the leaves of big- they are tightly packed in. Hassan, 1928, leaf maple, Acer acrcrophyllun, proves to have treated this species under the name tristriatus the same canplex of mites as this magenta Nal. Aceria tristriatus is an European species erineum, although the precise relationships which is said to have an elongate tarsus. Our have not been determined. (Two other mites California form does not have such a structure. found in this magenta erineum are listed under In addition, the European mite should be ex- the names Vasates glabri and V. paraglabri.) amined for the presence or absence of elongate Ehks in 1907 gave the catalog name ryderi to a genital tubercles. mite which was the subject of a short article in 1879 by J. A. Ryder. This nilme was then the California records : one available for maple erineum mites in North AWDA CO.: Pleasanton, VI-29-1949 America and Essig (1926) used it for white mEShl0 m. : Fresno, N-20-1940 erineum mites on California maple. Leonard KINGS CO.: Hanfard, V-9-1938 (1928) uses this name for maple mites in New UXS ANGELES CO. : San D~S,X-13-1938 York State. Hmever, Hodgkiss (1930) after a (V. E. Williams) careful study of New York maple mites concludes NEVADA CO. : Nevada city, VII-26-1940 (HHK) that there is no way to apply the name. The SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, XII-19-1938 ("K) writer, on examining Ryder's original article ShN BMIm CO. : Panoche Valley, V-15-1947 finds that while Ryder states the mite he saw SAN DIEGD CO. : La &sa VI-25-1942 (Tclwer) to be a Fhytoptus, he has omitted any mention -J SANTA CWUU CO. : San Jose, VI-6-1942 of a locality, or the color of the erineum in- (A. T. McClay) habited by the mites, or the precise species of SHASTA CO. : Redding, VII-8-1946 maple infested. 'he conclusion here presented SOW0 0.:Rio Vista, VI-24-1941 is that the name ryderi is useless. VENlURA CO.: Wheeler Ginyon, htaPaula, X-4-1939 (C. Garmaon) Celif ornia records: YOLO CO. : Woodland, VII-27-1939 EL DORADO CO. : Fallen Leaf Lake, E-13-1951 (J. B. Steinweden) ("K 1

Aceria cactorum (K.) (9-2) Aceria calibaccbaris (K.) (9-40) Plate 9-2 Plate 9-40

Eriophyes cactorur Keifer, BIJ# V. 27, p. 185, Eriophyes calibaccharis Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 1938 331, 1939 Type locality: Santa Paula Type locality: Stanford Campus Type host: *ita sp. (occidentalis Engelm.?), Type host: Baccharis pilularis DC., chaparral cactus broom Relation to host: The mites are most easily found Relation to host: 'Ihe mites occur along lateral in developing flowers. They also occur around buds on the stem below the terminal area where new pads. there is too much viscidity. 26 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

California record: (E. 0. Essig) SANTA CLARA CO. : Palo Alto, IV-15-1939 (HHK) ORANGE CO.: Snta Ana, x-20-1941 (W. W. Cadwallader) SACRAMENTO CO.: scramento, XII-4-1947 (HHK) Aceria caliberberis K. (9-25.1) DIEGO CO.: San Die o 1-20-1944 Plate 9-25.1 (S. V. Weimer+ MN LUIS OBIsPO co.: Santa Maria, 111-8-1945 Aceria caliberberis Keifer, BCDA V. 41, p. 66, (M. R. Bell) 1952 SANTA BARBARA CO.: Santa krbara, 1-13-1943 Type locality: Garnet Peak (J. B. Steinweden) Type host: Berberis californica Jepsan, barberry SANTA CRUZ CO.: Snta cruz, 1-25-1946 Relation to host: Working from the upper leaf sur- (W. J. Cordua) face the mites cause irregular longitudinal ViBTWIA CO. : Snta Faula, 111-14-1946 sinuate folds, anphere from the edge to the (J. L. Schall) midrib. The mites develop in the fold. Aceria ceaiiothi (K.) (9-26) California record: Plate 9-26 SAN DIECO CO.: Garnet Feak, XI-22-1951 (C. E. Norland) Eriophyes ceanothi Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 330, SISKIYou CO.: Hornbrook, VII-7-1939 1939 (E. A. Breech) Type locality: Crater Lake, Oregon Type host: Ceanothus uelutinus Dougl., Tobacco brush Aceria calilzcpiizi K. (9-48) Relation to host: 'Ihe mites form small bead galls Plate 9-48 on the upper surface of the large leaves.

Aceria calilupini Keifer, mAV. 35, p. 39, 1946 California records: Type locality: Table Mountain, Oroville EL DORAM) CO. : Fallen Leaf Lake, VII-28-1938 Type host: Lupinus albifrons Benth., white lupine. (HHK) Relation to host: 'Ihe mites are abundant in PLACER CO.: bnner Lake, 1938, (Iris Savage) hairs around the buds. Aceria chrysopsis (K.) (9-23) California record: Flate 9-23 BU'ITE CO. : hoville district, VI-11-1944, Eriophyes chrysopsis Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 26, 1940 Aceria camelliae K. (9-1) Plate 9-1 Type locality: Putah Canyon, Winters district Type host: Chrysopsis oregana Gray Aceria camelliae Keifer, Ea4 V. 34, p. 137, 1945 Helation to host: The mites are found under the Type locality: Santa Maria bases of the leaf axils along the stem. Type host: Camellia japonica L. Cmon name: Camellia budmite California record: Relation to host: The mites inhabit the buds, es- YOLO CO. : Winters district, Putah Canyon, pecially the flower buds. In some cases the XI-7-1939 (HHK) result of the mites' activities may be flower drop, although various varieties of camllias Aceria diospyri K. (9-31) may shav different susceptibilities. Plate 9-31 Discussion: 'Ihis species is of interest since it combines 'appressed' genitalia and the short- Aceria diospyt i Keifer, BCDA V. 33, p. 23, 1944 ened apodem with the presence of dorsal setae. Type locality. Garden Grove Usually this combination is characterized by Type host: Diospyros kaki L., oriental persimn the absence of dorsal setae. Aceria camelliae Comnon name; Persimnon budmite also lacks the foretibial seta. Relation to host: The mites live under the fruit buttons and in the buds. ?heir activity causes California records: browning under the buttons and perhaps fruit ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, IV-12-1941 drop . THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 27

California records: unusual structure, namely produced genital tu- bercles. Typical tristriatus should be inves- tigated for this character. ’he other Califor- LOS ANGELES CO. : hey. M-19-1944 (V E. William) nia mite with produced genital tubercles was ORANGE CO. : Garden Grove, X-13-1943 found too late for inclusion here. See hl. (E. A. Ihdley; San Juan Capistrano, Cal. Ikpt. Agr. V. 51, p. 148, 1952. X-8-1943 (Bmgardner) California records: ALAMEDA CO. : Newark, X-26-1943 (hers) Aceria drucuizculi (K.) (9-16) CO.: Chico, VI-2-1934 (E. E. Fix) Plate 9-16 GLENN CO. : H’illaws, IX-19-1942 (P. V. Harrigan) Eriophyes dracunculi Keifer, BCDA V. 28. p. 333, LOS ANGELES CO.: Whittier, V-19-1938 1939 (V. E. Williams) Type locality: Big Bear Lake district MERCED CO. : Los Enos, XI-4-1946 Type host: Artemisia dracunculus L. (R. H. Milbourn) Relation to host: The mites produce a mass of buds RIVERSIDE CO.: Hemet, VI-25-1942 and deformed leaves on the stems. (S. F. Bailey) SACFWENTO CO.: Sacramento, V-5-1934 California record: (G. L. Stout) S4N 8ARDXNO CO.: Big bar Lake district, SPN JOAQUIN CO.: -mi, VIII-8-1941 X-12-1938 (HHK) (P. F. Wright) SANTA BARBARA CO. : Goleta, V-2-1947 SOLAN0 CD. : Vallejo, V-11-1941 enceliae Aceria (K.) (9-14) (Edna W. Gaskill) Plate 9-14 YUBA CO.: Hallwood, N-8-1933, (H. K. Plank) Eriophyes enceliae Ueifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 226, Aceria eriobotryue (K.) (9-30) 1939 Plate 9-30 Type locality: Santa Paula Type host: Encelia californica Nutt. Eriophyes eriobotryae Keifer, BlJlA V. 27, p. 188 Relation to host: ‘Ihe mites live among the hairs 1938 around the buds. Type locality: Sacramento Type host: Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., loquat Ca 1if ornia records : Relation to host: ‘Ihe mites live among the hairs RXVERSIDE CO. : Riverside, 111-3-19Q around the buds. (E. A. McGregor) VEN’IURA CO.: Santa Paula, X-31-1938 California record: (K. E. Mexwell) SAWN’KJ CO. : Sacramento, XII-15-1937 (WK) Aceria erineus (Nal.) (9-3)- Plate 9-3 Aceria eriodictyonis K. (9-24.1) Phytoptus tristriatus erineus Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Plate 9-24.1 Wiss. math-nat. Wien, V. 28, p. 162, 1891 Type locality: Austria? Aceria eriodictyonis Keifer, mAV. 41, p. 67, Type host: Juglans regia L., Persian or English 1952 walnut Type locality: Castaic Conrnan name: Walnut blister mite (approved) Type host: Eriodictyon crassifoliurn Benth., Thick- Relation to host: The mites produce rather large leaf Yerba Santa felty masses of thick hair on the under sides Relation to host: ?he mites occur “ang the hairs of the leaves, these masses visible above as an the small leaves emerging from the bud. convex areas. Numerous mites develop in this ‘Ihese hairs are quite sticky and it is remark- hair, or erineum. ‘Ihe mites werwinter in the able that a creature so frail as an Eriophyid buds. could exist in this habitat. Perhaps the body Discussion: Several Juglandaceous mites, of which spinules help the mite to keep free from the erineus is one of two in California, have an natural adhesive present. 28 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Discussion: The actual range of this mite in Type locality: Sacramento Southern California remains to be determined. Type host: Feijoa seZlowiana, feijoa 'The. writer spent several days (October 1951) Comnon name: Feijoa budmite examining Eriodictyons from San Diego County, Relation to host: The mites live in the hairs north to the type locality, but was not aware around the buds. Some fiejoas show fasciation, of the precise location of the mites on their but this mite has not been implicated with this host until the very last and northernmost lo- difficulty. On the type shrub in Sacramento no cality visited. In 1939 the writer noted a injury has occurred since the discovery of the single specimen of this mite on the underside mite on it. of a mature crassifoliun leaf in the Pasadena district. The extra long spinules on the body California records: are perhaps the most distinctive feature of the LOS ANGELES CO.: Huntington Park, 1-23-1940 mite. (M. B. Sheldon) CRANGE CO. : Snta Ana, VIII-13-1943 (Walden) California record: RIVERSIDE CO. : Riverside, 111-12-1943 LOS ANGELES CO.: Castaic, X-4-1951 (A. M. Ebyce) (L. E. Myers and H.H.K.); Pasadena SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VIII-2- 1939 (HHK) district, M-1939 (HHK) SAN DIEGO CO. : aula Vista, X-16-1939 (W. Binney)

Aceria essigi (Hassan) (9-10) Plate 9-10 Aceria ficus (Cotte) (9-27)

Eriophyes essigi Hassan, UC Publ. in ht. V. 4, Eriophyes ficus Cotte, wI1. SOC. Path. Veget. p. 380, 1928 v. 7, p. 26, 1920 Type locality: Berkeley Eriophyes fici Essig and Smith, BOA V. 11, p. 63, Type host: Rubus thyrsanthus Focke, Himalaya 1922 blackberry Type locality: France Additional host: Rubus sp., Mamnoth blackberry Type host: Ficus sp., black (?) fig Comnon name: Redberry mite (approved) Comnon name: Fig mite (approved) Relation to host: The mites live in the buds and Relation to host: The mites are usually found un- in the fruits. In the latter location their der the scales at the fruit opening. They also feeding activities delay the ripening of part infest the buds and at times are numerous or all of the drupelets, providing a habitation enough to damage small trees. E.$. Baker first for the mites. This is the "redberry" effect. proposed the above synonymy. Discussion: In BcDA V: 30, p. 205, 1941, the California records: writer characterized this species as lacking FRESNO CO.: Fresno, XI-1947 the foretibial seta and as having crescentic MERCED 03.: Gar Creek Ranch, VIII-31-1944 scoring on the genital coverflap. Recently a (E. M. Stafford) mite has appeared as a on Boysenberry that SAN BERNAFOINO 0.:Colton, X-1949 (HHK) has longitudinal scoring on the coverflap, but SAN JOAQUIN CO.: Stockton, X-25-1943 is otherwise similar to essigi. 'Ihis second (Anderson ) species is listed as Aceria orthonera. Our rec- SANTA CLARA CO.: san Jose, VII-11-1941 ords of essigi are therefore somewhat confused (L. R. Cody) at the present. WLARE CO.: &isi,- 111-14-1934 (Butler) California records: ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley, VII-10-1940 (HHK) Aceria fraxitzivorzts (Nal.) (9-19) BUITE CO. : Paradise, VII-2-1940 (HHK) LOS ANGELES CO. : West bshgeles, M-27-1946 Eriophyes fraxiniuorus Nal. Anz. Akad. Wiss. math- PLACER M.: Auburn, VII-2-1941 (adel Wilson) nat. Wien, V. 46, p. 117, 1909 SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VIII-9- 1951 (HHK) Eriophyes fraxiniflora Felt, Mem. 8, N. Y. State Mus. V. 2. p- 633, 1906 (07?) Aceria feijoae (K.) (9-32) Eriophyes fraxini (Karp.) Nal., Das Tierreich, 4th Plate 9-32 Issue, Acarina, p. 33, 1898 Eriophyes feijoae Keifer, ECDA V. 28, p. 484, 1935, Type locality: Austria *EDA V.28, p 266, 1939 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 29

Type host: Fraxinus excelsior L. ash the leaf bases on the lower part of the sea- California host: Fraxinus oregona Nutt., Oregon son's current growth. ash Comnon name: Ash gall mite California record: Helation to host: The mites cause the formation of LC6 ANGELES CO.: Harbor city, IV-6-1939 rough hanging balls in the fruiting bodies. (L. E. Myers) Nalepa's term for these is 'klunkern.' The spe- cies evidently ranges around the northern hemisphere. Aceria heterothecae (K.) (9-24) Discussion: The only tree that the writer has seen Plate 9-24 infested in California was a tree in Capitol Park, labelled Fraxinus oregona, which has re- Eriophyes heterothecae Keifer, BcDA V. 28, p. cently been removed. The above indicated synon- 330, 1939 ymy probably does not entirely settle the ques- Type locality: El Monte tion, as fraxini and fraxiniflora are essen- Type host: Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt., tially nude narnes. Ferhaps Nalepa validated telegraph weed fraxini in his 1898 publicaticm. Relation to host: The mites inhabit the leaf bases and the surface hairs cm leaves and California record: stems. SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, x-3-1944 (HHK) California record: LOS ANGELES CO. : El hnte, IV-25-1939 Aceria granati (C. & M.) (9-20) (V. E. Williams) Plate 9-20

Phytoptus granati Canestrini and Massalongo, Atti Aceria langei (K.) (9-35) Soc. Veneto-Trent. ser. 2, V. 1, p. 465, 1894 Plate 9-35 Type locality: Italy Type host: Punica granatum L., pomegranate Eriophyes langei Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 417, Comnon name: Pomegranate leafroll mite 1939. Relation to host: The mite rolls the leaves in Type locality: Half Moon Bay tight rolls from the edges. The leaves on a Type host: Eriophyllwn staechadifolium Lag. whole shoot may be so badly damaged as to fail Relation to host: 'Ihe mites inhabit the leaf axils to expand, producing a leafless appearance on and the hairs cn the leaves d stems. the twig. Discussion: This species might nearly as well be placed in the next genus, Paraphytoptus, and California records: perhaps further study will indicate the advis- ALAMmA CO.: Niles, X-9-1941 (M. R. Bell) ability of doing that. CONlRA COSTA CO. : hnville, VIII-16-1946 US ANGELES CO. : U. C. L. A. Cams , X-24- California record: 1938 (R. ff. Smith) SAN MA'IEO GO. : Half Moon by, V-15-1939 .%mMMTO CO. : North Sacramento, IV-22-1941 (w. H. Law) (J. B. Steinweden) TMAMA 0.:Fkd Bluff , VII-9-1946 Aceria Zarreue (K.) (9-47) Plate 9-47

Aceria haplopappi (K.) (9-42) Eriophyes larreac Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 26, 1940 Plate 9-42 Type locality: Whitewater Type host: Larrea tridentata glutinosa Rydb., Eriophyes haplopappi Keifer, BCDA v. 28, p. 331, Creosote bush 1939 Relation to host: "he mites live under the bruwn Type locality: Harbor City scales at the petiole bases. Type host: Haplopappus venetus flIH(., an Aster- Discussion: This plant is extreraely viscid and it aceous Composite is remarkable that it could harbor an Eriophyid Relation to host: The mites inhabit the area on The mites have picked about the mly non-sticky the plant of leastvicidity and can be found in place on new growth in which to exist. 30 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Ca 1if ornia record: Discussion: The relation this mite bears to the RIVERSIDE CO.: Whitewater, M-16-1939 (HHK) Aceria ilicis complex in Europe has not been determined, but it is undoubtedly a close relative. Aceria lepidosparti K. (9-29) Plate 9-29 California records: ALAMEDA CO. : Piedmont, VIII-26- 1943 Aceria lepidosparti Keifer, v. 40, p. 95, (G. B. Ling) 1951 AMADOR CO. : Silver Lake, M-14-1941 Type locality: Devore district (D. B. Mackie) Type host: Lepidospartur squamatur Gray apITE co.: Oroville, V-20-1950 (F. R. Plate) Relation to host: 'Ihe mites produce bud clusters C(1NIRA COSTA CO. : Martinez, V-17-1940 on the stems, stunting the graarth at that (V. G. Stevens) FRESiO CO. : blinea. 11-6-1949 point. V' LOS ANGELES CO. ! bs hgeles, E-10-1938 California records: (R. H. Smith) LOS ANGELES CO.: Val Verde, X-4-1951 SACRAMMXI CO.: Sacramento, VI-10-1938 (HHK) (L. E. Myers & "K) TULARE CO.: Visalia, VIII-1939 (F. T. Scott) SAN BERNARDINO CO.: hvore district, VI-28- 1946 (J. B. Steinweden & HHK) Aceria magitoliae (K.) (9-44) Plate 9-44 Aceria ligustri (K.) (9-17) Eriophyes magnoliae Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 335, Plate 9-17 1939 Type locality: Sacramento Eriophyes Zigustri Keifer, BUM V. 32, p. 213, Type host: Magnolia fraseri Walt., a park tree 1943 Relation to hast: The mites inhabit the buds and Type locality: Sacramento may be found in the hair around the flwier Type host: Ligustrum oualifolium Hassk., privet buds. Gnmnan name: Privet bud mite Discussion: The native home of this mite is pre- Relation to host: The mites inhabit the buds. sumably the native home of its host. At this writing the trees are still standing. California record: SACRAMWTO CO. : Sacramento, wI-1943 (HHK) GIlifornia record: SACRAMB(TO CO. : %cramento, III-2- 1939 (HHK)

Aceria mackiei (K.) (9-4) Acerilr medicaginis (K.) (9-34) Plate 9-4 Plate 9-34 Eriophyes mackiei Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 302, 1938 Eriophyes medicaginis Keifer, BCDA V. 30, p. 206, Type locality: Sacramento 1941 Type host: Quercus agrifolia Nee., Coast liveoak, Type locality: Sacramento a park tree Type host: Medicago sativa L., alfalfa Additional hosts: Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Maul Comnon name: Alfalfa bud mite oak; Quercus wislizenii A. LK., interior live- Relation to host: The mites inhabit the leaf axils. oak; Quercus vaccinifol ia Engelm. , huckleberry No damge has been observed on alfalfa in Cal- oak; probably others. ifornia, but elsewhere these mites have been Cannon name: Coast liveoak erineum mite suspected of causing a peculiar flower Relation to host: The mites form erineum pockets deformation. on the undersides of the leaves that bulge out onto the upper surface. These pockets are usu- California records: ally only on leaves on the lower shady side of LASSEN CO. : Honey Lake, X-10-1945 the tree. Badly infested leaves are sanewhat (L. F. Wheeler) deformed. The mites overwinter in these erineum LC6 ANGELES CO. : h hgeles, X-14-1943 pockets, at least on live &k, although they (V. E. William) my be found in the buds. SACRAMENXI CO. : Sacramento, 11-20-1940 (HHK) THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 31

Aceria mori (K.) (9-33) Type locality: Jensen, Utah Plate 9-33 Type host: Populus sp. Additional hosts: Populus freaontii Wats., cotton- Eriophyes mri Keifer, BcDA v. 28, p. 485, 1939 wood; Populus tremloides Michx., aspen. Type locality: Sacramento, VIII- 14-1939 (HHK) Relation to host: The mites form large pendant

Type host: Morus sp. ~ a white mlberry with mod- catkin galls. lbse are deformations of the erately small leaves male catkins after the pollen is liberated. As Relation to host: The mites inhabit the buds and observed at Sacramento, the gall consists of petiole bases. Ikfored fruit from Ckoville may masses of twisted fasciated outgrclwths from be due to the work of this mite. each anther base. Some of these growths re- semble deformed leaves. The mites live in the California records: curled edges of these deformations. BUTIE 0.:oroville, V-7-1939 Discussion: The galls of the type series are con- SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VIII-14-1939 (HHK) siderably different from those in the Sacra- mento Valley, but are still catkin mdifica- tions. hly male cottonwood trees harbor the Aceria zzeoartemisiae (K.)(9-15) mite. This species of Aceria is probably Plate 9-15 similar to the European uarius (Nal.)

Eriophyes neoartemisiae Keifer, B(31A V. 27, p. California record: 302, 1938 SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacramento, VI-8-1943 (HHK) Type locality: Sacramento Type host: Artemisia heterophylla Nutt., worm- wood Aceria neosalviae (K.) (9-18) Relation to host: The mites live in the hairs on the underside of the leaves and on the stew. Plate 9-18 They do not appear to cause any definite damage. Eriophyes neosalviae Keifer, ECDA v. 27, p. 187, 1938 Type locality; Santa Paula California records: Type host: Salvia leucophylla Greene, purple sage u3s ANGELES CO.: Big Tajunga Canyon, X-4-1951 Relation to host: 'Ihe mites live between the ("K) petiole bases and the stems. SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VI-20-1938 ("K) California record: Aceria neocynarae (K.) (9-43) VENTURA CO. : santa Paula, VTI-28-1937 (HHK) Plate 9-43

Eriophyes neocynarae Keifer, BU)A V. 28, p. 334, Aceria orthornera K. (9-11) 1939 Type locality: Collgt Aceria orthoaera Keifer, BCDA V. 40. p. 94. 1951 Type host: Cynara scolyw L., artichoke (in a ~ypelocality: Sacramnto * plantation) Type host: Rubus uitifolius c&s., native black- Common name: Artichoke leaf-hair mite berry or dewberry Additional host: sp., Boysenberry Relation to host: The mites live on the underside Rubus of the leaves in the hairs. Cuunon name: Boysenberry budmite Discussion: The large third ventral seta is most Relation to host: The mites inhabit the buds along the shoots of native blackberry. This host has UnUSUal. not been examined for damage. Hwever, on boy- California records: senberry the mite has called attention to it- SAN MATE0 CO.: *, 11-E-1939 (HHK) self by stunting the shoots. It causes the grcnvth of warty patches on the inside of the SANTA (3~uzCO. : IBvenport , V- 19- 1939 (W. H. Lange) bud scales, and if the bud has been entirely penetrated by the mite the scales and tissue become rigid and somwhat twisted. This bud Aceria neoessigi (K.) (9-45) condition is in effect the formation of a gall. Plate 9-45 The mite also causes warty outgrowths at the Eriophyes ncocssigi Keifer, Bcw V. 29, p. 22,1940 bases of drupelets in the berries. 32 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Discussion: Aceria orthorera and essigi are sep- co.: Costa Mesa, 111-21-1952 arable from nearly all other mites in this (D. H. Byers) genus in California by lacking the foretibial SANTA BARBARA a>.: Goleta, 11-25-1952 seta. (R. J. Reid)

California records: ALAMEW CO.: Albany, VIII-8-1951 (HHK) Aceria paramackiei (K.) (9-5) FRESNO CO. : Fresno district, N-19-1951 Plate 9-5 (R. A. Break) CRANGE CO. : Costa Mesa, VII-14-1944 Eriophyes paranackiei Keifer, BCDA V. 30, p. 204, (P. H. Andres) 1941 UCw CO. : Lincoln, 111-1-1940 Type locality: Sacramento 6.Lockwood) Type host: Qercus agrifolio Nee, Coast liveoak SA(RAMMTO CO. : Sacramento, VII-16-1951 (HHK) Relation to host: The mites cause the formation SANTA BARBARA CO.: Santa Barbara, VIII-4-1942 of bud clusters. The activity of the mite in- creases and wanes over a period of years. Discussion: The type host is a park tree which is Aceria parucdifornica (K.) (9-13) still standing. At the time the species was Plate 9-13 described the tree had many living bud clus- ters. Since then but few have persisted, the Eriophyes paracalifornicus Keifer, BcDA V. 28, old ones having died and dropped off. p. 332, 1939 Type locality: Berkeley California records: Type host: Artemisia californica Less. , California ORAN= CO.: &, X-16-1941 (P. A. Miller) sagebrush SA(IIAMENT0 CO. : Sacramento, 111-4-1941 ("K) Relation to host: The mites yduce wooly erineum in swollen pockets in the alender leaves. Aceria parapoptlli (K.) (9-12) Plate 9-12 California records: ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley, V-3-1939 (HHK) Eriophyes parapopuli Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 22, LOS MGELES CD.: westwood, N-16-1939 1940 (N. Stahler) Type locality: Ennis, Montana Type host: Populus sp., kntnvn as Canadian poplar Comnon name: Poplar bud-gall mite Aceria paradianthi K. (945.1) Helation to host: The mite causes woody galls to Plate 9-45.1 develope around the buds, stunting growth. Discussion: In Montana where the grcming season is Aceria paradianthi Keifer, Bcw V. 41, p. 65, short the action of the mite is a deterrent to 1952 the growth of poplars. In California the spe- Type locality: Goleta cies attacks Populus spp. on the east side of Type host: Dianthus sp., carnation the Sierra Nevada mountains, but has not proven Relation to host: The mites live between the leaf to be serious. bases and stern, causing some basal sprouting, stunting, and yellwing. The overall damage is California records: evidently not very serious. AIPINE CD.: Markleeville district, M-9-1945 California records: ("K ) FRESVO CO. : A hi& mountain locality, VI-15- Lo6 ANGELES CO. : Burbank, 111-25-1952 (L. E. Myers) 1950*(on aspen) KERN CO.: Keene, X-17-1950 S. Morley) San Fernando, 111-18-1952 (C. (R. M. Hawthorne) LOS ANGEUS CO. : Lancaster, VIII-18-1942 Sn Gabriel, 111-20-1952 MODOC CO. : _I_Adin, 11-21-1941 (V. Daniels) Sierra Madre, 111-24-1952 Aceria pezicedani (Can.) (9-21) (V. Daniels) Plate 9-21 Van Nuys , 111-24-1952 (L. E. Myers) Phytoptus peucedani Canestrini, Atti SOC. Veneto- THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 33

Trent. V. 12, p. 378, 1891 Type locality: Puente Type locality: Italy Type host: Ericameria pinifolia Gray Type host: Peucedanum venetum Koch (Artemisia californica cited in error) Comnon name: Carrot bud mite Relation to host: The mites lurk around the later- Helation to host: What is presumably this species al buds or in the outer layers of terminal attacks carrots in California causing discol- Cecidomyid galls. oration of the flower heads and possibly some injury to the developing seeds. In Europe this California records: mite is credited with living on a number of La6 ANGELES CO.: Puente, XII-14-1937 Umbelliferous hosts. (L. E. Myers) RIVERSIDE CO. : Perris, VI-28-1946 (HHK) California record: SAN FAANCISCO CO.: San Francisco, IX-11-1951 SOLAN0 CO. : Rio Vista, VII-26-1944 (Byers) (HHK)

Aceria sheldoni (Ewing) (9-28) Plate 9-28 Aceria stinsonis (K.) (9-25) Plate 9-25 Eriophyes sheldoni Ewing, Proc. Ent. SOC.Wash, V. 29, p. 193, 1937 Eriophyes stinsonis Keifer, V. 28, p. 485, Type locality: Santa Paula 1939 Type host: Citrus limnia Osb., lemon Type locality: Stinson Beach Additional host: Citrus sinensis Osb. , orange Type host: Cotyledon caespitosa Haw., stone crop bnnon name: Citrus bud mite (approved) Relation to host: 'Ihe mites live at the leaf bases. Relation to host: ?his mite partially damages citrus buds and causes deformation of leaves California record: and fruit. WRIN CO. : Stinson Beach, VII-3-1939 (HHK) Discussion: In California it remains in the citrus areas along the coast of southern California, never coming far inland and never invading the Aceria tulipae (K.) (9-49) citrus areas of the central valleys. California Plate 9-49 is apparently the only section in the United States where the mite occurs. Elsewhere it in- Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 185, 1938 fests citrus in the Hawaiian Islands, Java, Type locality: Sacramento probably Australia, South and Sicily. Type host: Tulipa sp. Additional hosts: Alliun cepa L., onion: Allium California records: sativa L., garlic ul6 ANaUS CO. : Whittier, XI-19-1937 Gmron name: Dry-bulb mite (L. E. Myers): San Fernando, VII-23-1941 Helation to host: This mite infests certain ORANGE CO. : ktaksa, XI-19-1937 liliaceous bulbs, living between the layers. (J. La Follette) R. The principal damage it does is to induce dry- RIVERSIDE CO. : Fresno canyon, 1-29-1942 ing. In this manner it ruins stored garlic and (R. T. Lewis) onions. SAN EFNARDINO CO.: Ontario. VII-10-1946 Discussion: The mite has a wide range, being found SAN DIEm CO.: Escondido, M-4-1937 in North Anerica and Europe. It is most often (Brunton) ; aula Vista, M-27-1941 taken in garlic inported fr& bxico. Further (H. Crell) study of this interesting mite my show other SANTA BARBARA CO. : Goleta, X-18-1937 hosts. For example, it has been taken wer- (W. S. kings) running faxtail, although the mites in this vmw CO.: Bardsdale, XI-2-1937 case were apparently looking for transporta- (E. L. Smith) tion, having come from some host at that point.

Aceria spinulifera (K.) (9-41) California records: Plate 9-41 SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacramento, X-4-1937 (W. b. Carter) Eriophyes spinulifera Keifer, B(J# V. 27, p. 187, SANTA CLARA CO. : Gilroy, VIII-17-1948 1938 34 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Aceria waltheri (K.) (9-6) Paraphytoptus arceuthobii K. (10-1.1) Plate 9-6 Plate 10-1.1

Eriophyes waltheri Keifer, V. 28, p. 417, Paraphytoptus arceuthobii Keifer, V. 41, p. 1939 68, 1952 Type locality: San Francisco Type locality: Fallen Leaf Lake Type host: Nothofagus menziesii, Nothofagus Type host: Arceuthobium campylopodiun Engelm., pine Helation to host: The mites cause a witches broom tree mistletoe to develop on terminal twigs, the individuals Helation to host: The mites live in the cups under living under the bud scales. the staminate flowers. No damage to the host is Discussion: This mite is one of the four kinds in apparent. California lacking the foretibial seta. It un- Discussion: In the case of the type locality, the doubtedly came to the west Coast from the na- host was growing on Jeffrey pine. At Mt. Diablo tive home of its host, New Zealand. It is (listed below) the host grows on digger pine. nevertheless closely related to such oak spe- This mite functions as a bud mite, the host cies as mackiei and paramackiei which are na- lacking hairs . tive to California. California records: Ca 1if orn ia record : EL WRADO CO.: Fallen Leaf Lake, M-13-1951 SAN FWNCISCO CO.: San Francisco, VI-13-1939 (HHK) (E. Walther) CONTRA COSTA CO.: Mt. Diablo, IX-20-1951 (HHK)

Paraphytoptrrs brickelliue K. (10-1) Aceria wyethiae K. (9-39) Plate 10-1 Plate 9-39 Aceria wyethiae Keifer, BOA V. 40, p. 95-1951 Paraphytoptus brickelliae Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. Type locality: Fallen Leaf Lake 27, 1940 Type host: Kyethia sp. Type locality: Putah Csnyon, Winters district Relation to host: The mites are vagrants among the Type host: Brickellia californica W., a Composite hairs on the under side of the leaves. Helation to host: The mites live around the ter- minal buds and later around the seeds in the California record: heads. EL DCRAW (33.: Fallen kaf Lake, M-13-1951 California record: YOLO CO.: Putah Canyon, Winters district, XI-7-1939 (HHK) Genus 10. Paraphytoptus Nalepa, 1876 Parapbytoptiis califortziczis (Hall) (10-6) Plate 10-6 Anz. Akad. Hiss. math-nat. Wien, v. 33, p. 55, 1896 Eriophyes californicus Hall, Fomona Jr. Eht. V. 2, Type of genus: P. paradoxus Nal., Keifer BOA V. p. 280, 1910 27, p. 304, 1938 Paraphytoptus californicus (Hall) Keifer, Discussion: In the opinion of the writer, this V. 28, p. 335, 1939 genus, in spite of the caudal resemblance to Type locality: Pomona district Phyllocoptine mites, belongs very close to Type host: Artemisia californica Less., California Aceria. The anterior sections of the body are sagebrush identical in both genera. Paraphytoptus species Relation to host: The mites live among the surface typically have a semi-open surface life among hairs on the leaves and stems. plant hairs. This would seem to account for the Discussion: Hall’s original description is not broader rear back plates, which would serve as difinitive, but his figure suggests the genus protection, while the anterior end is buried in Paraphytoptus by its outline. the hairs. However, arceuthobii is at variance with this theory since it lives as a bud mite California records: on a hairless host. The only species of Pa- LOS ANCELES CO. : Pomona district, 1910 raphytoptus which is suspected of damaging its (H. V. M. Hall) host is the chrysanthemum semi-bud mite. ALAMEOA CO.: Berkeley, V-3-1939 (HBK) THE ERIOPHYID MlTES OF CALIFORNIA 35

Parapbytoptiis caliplucheae (K.) (10-8) Type locality: Santa Paula Plate 10-8 Type host: Encelia californica Nutt. Helation to host: The mites live among the hairs Eriophyes caliplucheae Keifer, EKDA V. 29, p. 26. around the buds. 1940 Type locality: Castaic California records: Type host: Pluchea sericea Nutt., Mock willrnv RIVERSIDE CO. : Highgrove, 111-3-1942 Helation to host: The mites live among the heavy (E. A. McCiregor) hairing around the terminals. VENN'IUM cO.: Santa Paula, X-31-1938 (K. E. Maxwell) Ca 1if ornia record: LOS ANGELES CO. : Castaic, IX- 17-1939 (HHK) Paraphytoptus rhamniphagus K. (10-2) Plate 10-2 Parapbytoptzrs chrysa)ithemi K. (10-4) Plate 10-4 Paraphytoptus rhamniphagus Keifer, BmV. 35, p. $0, 1946 Paraphytoptus chrysanthemi Keifer, Bca4 V. 29, Type locality: Clarksville district p. 27, 1940 Type host: Rhamnus californicus torentella B&W Type locality: Hanford Helation to host: The mites live in the hairs Type host: Chrysanthemum ardthe terminal buds. Comaon name: Chrysanthenum semi-bud mite Helation to host: The mites live among the hairs Ca 1if ornia record: on the leaves and stems. They also live around EL M)RAM) CO.: Clarksville district, VIII-1- the buds and under the sepals. In the latter 1944 (HHlO location they may cause flower damage. Plants with less hair discourage the developement of Parapbytoptus salviacritzis K. (10-5) the mites. Plate 10-5 1ifornia records: Ca Paraphytoptus salviacrinis Keifer, B[LIA V. 28, KINGS CO.: Hanford, l3-29-1939 (L. 0. hupt) p. 145, 1939 L(xs ANCELES CO. : Pacoima, X-6-1948 Type locality: Riverside (L. E. Myers) Type host: Salvia apiana Jepson, White sage ORANGE 0.: (!range, X-1-1951 Relation to host: The mites inhabit the hair on the (Byers and Keifer) leaves and stems SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, X-8-1951 (HHK) Ca 1if orn ia record : Paraphytoptus iizaequalis K. (10-7) RIVERSIDE CO. : Riverside, x- 11- 1938 (HHK) Plate 10-7

Paraphytoptus inaequalis Keifer, DAV. 27, p. Genus 11. Eriophyes von Siebold, 1850 304, 1938 Type locality: Sacramento, VI-20-1938 (HHK) Jahresber. Schles. Ges. V. 28, p. 89, 1850 Type host: Artenisia heterophyZZa Nutt., worm- Type of genus: Eriophyes uitis (Pgst.) Keifer. wood EKT)A V. 27, p. 301, 1938 Helation to host: The mites live among the hairs Discussion: This genus differs from Aceria by the on the underside of the leaves and along the inclination of the dorsal tubercles which di- stems. rects the dorsal setae up and ahead, or central- ly. These tubercles are usually set a little California records: ahead of the rear shield margin. BW"E CO.: Honcut, VIII-3-1941 (HHK) SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacranrento, VI-20-1938 (HHK) Eriophyes breechii K. (1 1-6) (10-3) Paraphytoptus mcgregori K. Plate 11-6 Plate 10-3 Paraphytoptus mcgregori Keifer, BCDA V. 28, e- Eriophyes breechii Keifer, BCa9 V. 28, p. 416, 228, 1939 1939 36 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Type locality: Coleville Cmnname; Euonymus budmite Type host: Prunus andersoni Gray, desert peach Relation to host: The mites attack the terminal Relation to host: The mites live under the fruit buds, deforming and stunting the leaves. buttons and presumably in the buds. The fact that the fruits remain on the shrub for con- California record: siderable periods helps the development of VENlURA CO.: Ventura, X-27-1937 the mite in that location.

California record: Eriophyes emargiuatae K. (1 1-4) MONO CO.: Coleville, VI-13-1939 Plate 11-4 (E. A. Breech) Eriophyes emarginatae Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 144, 1939 Eriophyes canestrinii (Nal.) (11-16) Type locality: Tragedy Springs district Type host: Prunus emarginata (Dougl. 1, bitter Phytoptus canestrinii Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Wiss. cherry math-nat. Wien, V. 27, p. 212, 1890 Comnon nam: Bitter cherry gall mite Type locality: Austria Relation to host: The mites form finger-like galls Type host: Bums seupervirens L., bowood on the upper surfaces of the leaves with the Comnan nam: Boxwood bud mite gall opening onto the lower surface. Relation to host: The mites live under the bud Discussion: European mites which are probably scales. The may cause leaf deformation and correlated with this species are podi Nal., and flower blasting. sirnilis Nal. These differ from emarginatae in having dorsal shield lines. lacks accessory setae, whereas emarginatae has California records: them. SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, 1-23-1952 (HHK) SAN MATE0 CO. : Redwood City, 111-16-1950 California records: (Edwards) AMADOR CO. : Tragedy Springs district, M-18- 1938 (D. B. Mackie) Eriophyes caricis K. (11-14) EL DORADO 03.: Fallen Leaf Lake, M-1-1947 Plate 11-14 (HHK)

Eriophyes caricis Keifer, BCDA V. 33, p. 22, 1944 Eriophyes heteromeles K. (11-10) Type locality: Sacramento Plate 11-10 'Type host: Carex barbarae Dew., sedge Helation to host: The mites live down in the bases Eriophyes heteromeles Keifer, BCDA V 28, p. 226, of the leaves which are wrappd around the stem 1939 and where the tissue is turning fran yellou to Type locality: Sacramento green. Type host: Photinia arbutifolia Lindl., Toyon or Discussion: hhile this is the only North American Christmas berry locality on record, Roivainen (1951) reports it Relation to host: 'Ihe mites live around the ter-- from Sweden and Finland on Carex ericetorum L., minal buds and C. panicea L. California record: SACRAMMTO CO. : Sacramento. 1-24-1939 (HHK) California record: SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, E-19-1943 (HHK) Eriophyes ilicifoliae K. (1 1-8) Plate 11-8

Eriophyes coizvolveizs (Nal.) (11-12) Eriophyes ilicifoliae Keifer, BCDA V. 30, p. 204, Plate 11-12 1941 Type locality: Rockville Cecidophyes convolvens Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Type host: Prunus ilicifolia Walp., holly-leaf math-nat, Wien, V. 26, p. 162, 1889 cherry Type locality: Austria Relation to host: The mites were collected in a Type host: Euonymus europa L. sparse population in the terminal buds. THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 37

Discussion: A mite which produces galls on the Eriophyes prunandersoni Keifer, FKlN V. 28, p. 416, leaves of Chamise, Adenostoma fasciculatun 1939 H. & A., seems to be indistinguishable from Type locality: Coleville this mite. "he cherry shrubs from which the Type host: Prunus andersoni Gray, desert peach mites cam grow in the vicinity of a hilltop of Relation to host: "he mites cause a baggy depres- chemise. This Adenostona -ins to be inves- sion in the leaves in which erineum develops. tigated for the presence of leaf galls. How- ever, Adenostona growing across the Sacramento California record: Valley near Shingle Springs in El Dorado MCNO CO. : Coleville, VI-13-1939 (E. A. Breech) County, is heavily infested with the gallmite. Mites from these Shingle Springs shrubs are exceedingly similar to those from the holly- Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.) (11-7) leaf cherry. It is possible that this cherry is Plate 11-7 but a casual host of the mite and that Ade- nostoma may be the primary host. Phytoptus (?) pyri Pagenstecher, Verh. Ver. Heidelb. V. 1, p. 48, 1857 California record: Type locality: Germany SOLANO CO. : Rockville, IX-17-1940 (HHK) Type host: Pyrus communis L., pear Additional hosts: see discussion Comnon name: Pear leaf blister mite (approved) (Nal.) (11-3) Relation to host: "he mites typically form ' blis- Plate 11-3 ters' in the leaves. These blisters open on the under surface and consist of an area of Phytoptus laevis Nalepa, Sb. Akad. Wiss. math-nat. dead and shrunken tissue. The mites feed on Wien, V. 98, p. 132, 1889 the periphery of this dead tissue. The so- Eriophyes Zaeuis (Nal.), Das Tierreich, 4th Issue: called ' pear budmite' is structurally the same Acarina, p. 7, Berlin, 1898 as the blister mite, but does not make the blis- Eriophyes rhombifoliae Hassan (?), UC hbl. in ters. These mites overwinter in the terminal Ent. V. 4, p. 381, 1928 buds and when numerous enough will blacken and Eriophyes narinalni Keifer, BCDA V.28, p. 223,1939 destroy the tender developing bud parts in the Type locality: Austria spring. Type host: Alms glutinosa Gart. alder Discussion: Nalepa (see references) has given this California hosts: Alms rubra Ebng., Alnus tenui- type of mite a series of varietal names to folia Nutt. designate the host from which each 'variety' Comnon name: Alder gall mite originated. The writer is leaving this problem Relation to host: "he mites form bead galls on to a later date for explanation and application the leaves. This gall in Europe originally re- to California mites of the pyri canplex. Nalepa ceived the name: Cephalaneon pustulatm Bremi records these mites form Pomaceous trees and Discussion: The Marin County form has ventral shrubs of the following genera: Anelanchier, microtubercles more consistently than the Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Sorbus, and Sierran form. Otherwise the body rings are Pyrus. Apple in California also has blister smooth. No attempt has been made to correlate mites hut, as a rule, is not so badly attacked these California mites with Nalepa' s varieties. as pear. Apple trees with leaf blisters may be Hassan' s characterization of "rhollbifoliae" sug- growing near pears that have no blisters, and gests a species of Aceria; otherwise It rmght vice versa. The following California records be supposed that he figured a second stage nymph are exemplary of range, rather than being ex- of laevis. lhis species (laevis), with erar- haust ive. ginatae, constitutes a distinct group in the genus. California records: LAKE Co.: Big Valley, x-30-1941 (M. R. Bell) California records: LASSEN 120. : Susanville, V-14-1936 (Taylor) EL DCRADO CO. : Fallen Leaf Lake, IX- 13-1951 (HHK) LaS ANGELES CO.: bs Angeles, V-1934 (G. R. MARIN 0.: Stinson Beach, VIII-13-1938 ("K) Gortcm) NAPA 0.: *, 111-24-1931 Eriophyes prunandersoni K. (11-9) ORANGECO. : Rancho Santa Fe, 111-29-1939 Plate 11-9 (C. E. Norland) 38 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

PLACER CO. : Auburn, x- 12- 1942 (F. Clark) of this type in the buds never have these SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, v-21-1946 gal Is, hwever . SAN DIEGO Co. : Julian, V-11-1935 (S. B. Osborn) Discussion: This mite does not attack American SUmER CO.: Riego, X-26-1940 (HHK) lindens as far as the writer knws. The VEN'lURA CO. i Ojai, XI-22-1943 (R. Young) native American linden mite is Phytoptus YUBA CO. : Mar-lle, 111-12-1930 (A. c. Browne) abnorrnis Garman. It is allied to P. avellanae, even to lacking the lateral foretibial spur. Eriophyes savage; K. (11-5) As far as the writer knws abnormis has not to California. Plate 11-5 come California records: Eriophyes savagei Keifer, v. 28, p. 145, ALAhEDA CD. : Berkeley, VIII-24-1932 1939 (E. 0. Essig); Oakland, Type locality: Maiden's Grave VII-12-1950 (Sibray) Type host: Prunus enarginata (Dougl. ), bitter SANTA CLARA CO : Palo Alto, 1944 (R. H. cherry Smith); San Jose, X-20-1946 J. Moniz) Helation to host: Ihe mites are inquilines in (T. the galls of Eriophyes emarginatae Eriophyes triradiutus (Nal.) (11-2) Plate 11-2 California record: EL DCRADO CO. : Maiden' s Grave, M-5-1938 Phytoptus triradiatus Nalepa, Anz. &ad. Wiss. (Iris Savage) math-nat. lien, V. 29, p. 128, 1892 Type locality: Austria Type host: Salix alba L., willow Eriophyes spirueue (Nal.) (11-15) California host: Salix hindsima Benth., sandbar willow Phytoptus spiraeae Nalepa, Anz. &ad. Wiss. math- klation to host: The mites live in the hairs nat. Ken, V. 30, p. 105, 1893 around the terminal buds. Type locality: Austria (?) Discussion: "he mite is evidently holarctic in Type host: Spiraea crenifolia Meyer distribution, having gained this range by California host: +Spiraea densiflora Nutt. natural means. Gmnon name: Spiraea flower gall mite Relation to host: Ihe mites produce galls in the California record: flower heads. SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VIII-17-1939 Discussion: This mite would appear to have a ("K) holarctic distribution by natural means.

California records: (Pgst.) (11-1) EL DCRADO CO. : Twin Bridges, VIII-2-1945 Plate 11-1 ("K) Phytoptus (?) vitis Pagenstecher, Verh. Ver. PLUMAS CO. : hck' s Lake, VII-28-1946 (HHK) Heidelb. V. 1, p. 48, 1857 Eriophyes vitis (Pgst.) Keifer, BCDA V. 33, p. 21, 1944 Eriophyes t&e (Pgst.) (11-11) Type locality: Germany Plate 11-11 Type host: Vitis vinifera L., grape Comnon name: Grape erineum mite (approved) Phytoptus (?) tiliae Pagenstecher, Verh. Ver. Helation to host: The typical form makes erineum Heidelb. V. 1, p. 46, 1857 on the under sides of the leaves (Phylleriwn Eriophyes tiliae typicus (Pgst.) Nalepa, Verh. vitis Fries). Not all grape varieties are Ges. Wien,V. 70, p. 52, 1920 susceptible, since it is a common observation Type locality: Germany that two different grape varieties may have Type host: Tilia platyphylla Sop., linden their branches intertwined, and that one will Carmen name: Linden gall mite consistently have erineum, while the other Relation to host: The mites produce elongate never has it. A bud form of this mite never rather pointed upper surface leaf galls, makes erineum on any vine, confining its ac- known as 'nail' galls. Sane trees with mites tivities entirely to the buds. THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 39

Discussion: This mite is widely distributed on Pareria fremontiae Keifer, BCDA V. 41, p. 32, 1952 its host. 'Ihe writer knows of no infestations Type locality: Phelan district on American grapes. Type host: Frernontia californica Torr., Flannel bush California records: Helation to host: 'he mites live around and under AMALXR CO.: be, VI-15-1939 (R. J. Corbin) the stellate hairs on the under sides of the Bu?TE CO.: Oroville, VII-23-1938 (J. B. leaves and along the stems. Ste inweden) Discussion: The exact location of this collection FRESNO CO. : Fresno, VIII-21-1942 (F. P. is south of Phelan in the canyon through which Fbul lar d) the highway leaves the Mojave Desert. KERN CO. : Bakersfield, IV-9-1943 (Grim) Ix)S ANGELES CO.: Huntington Park, VI-25-1936 California record: (V. E. Williams) SAN BEflNARDINO CO. : Phelan district, IX-30- MADERA CO.: Madera, VIII-21-1942 (L. M. Smith) 1951 MERCED CO.: Selling, IV-24-1940 (C. H. Kins ley) NEVADA CO. : Nevada City, VII-26-1940 PHYLLOCOPTINAE ORANGE CO.: Atwood, VI-3-1942 (K. Sloop) PLACER a.: Auburn, VII-17-1935 (F. Clark) Ph yllocoptini SAmAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, V-22- 1946 SAN BERNARDINO CO. : Ontario, MI- 11- 1941 Genus 13. Oxypleuvites Nulepa, 1891 (C. R. Tower) SAN DIEGO CO. : Borego, IX-20-1950 (Barnes) Iknk. &ad. Wiss. math-nat. Wien, V. 58, p. 868, SANTA CLARA CO. : Almaden, nII-10-1944 (HHK) 189 1 SANTA CRUZ CO.: vine Hill, VIII-10-1944 (HHK) Type of genus: Oxypleurites heptacmthus (Nal. ), SHASTA 03.: Redding, V-9-1949 bifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 312, 1938 SCtWMA m.: Healdsburg, V-18-1943 (L.M.Smith) TULARE CO.: w,VIII-9-1940 (J. B. Steinweden) Oxypletlrites acidotus K. (13-6) YOLO CO.: Davis, VIII-21-1941 (G. L. Stout) Plate 13-6

Oxypleurites acidotus Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 493, Eriopkyes wisteriae K. (11-13) 1939 Plate 11-13 Type locality: San Francisco Type host: Baccharis pilularis E., chaparral Eriophyes wisteriae Keifer, BUM V. 28, p. 329, broan 1939 Relation to host: ne mites are vagrants on older Type locality: Balboa less viscid leaves. They prefer the upper Type host: Wisteria sp. surface. Relation to host: ?he mites live under the hd scales. California record: SAN F~+"ISCO cO. : San Francisco, VIII-20- Ca 1if ornia record: 1939 (HHK) SAN DIEGO CD. : Balboa, 111-28-1939 (c. Gammon)

Oxypletlrites aesculifoliae (K.) (13-7) Genus 12. Pareria Keifer, 1752 Plate 13-7

Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 41, p. 32, 1952 Phyllocoptes aesculifoliae Keifer, Kab V. 27, 307, Type of genus: Pareria fremontiae Keifer, BCDA V. 1938 (deutogyne) 41, p. 32, 1952 Oxypleurites neocarinatus Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 11, Discussion: This genus bears the same relation 1939 (protogyne) to Eriophyes that Paraphytoptus bears to Aceria. locality: Novato Type host: Aesculus californicus (Spach), buckeye Camnon name: Buckeye rust mite Pareria fremontiae K. (12-1) Relation to host: The mites live on both leaf Plate 12-1 surfaces: They cause some rusting of the leaves. 40 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Discussion: Ikutogynes appear a relatively short Type locality: Winters district time after the mites start multiplying on the Type host: Cornus glabrata Benth. new leaves. This is probably an adaptation due Relation to host: The mites occur on both leaf to the early and irregular shedding of leaves surfaces and evidently cause considerable by the host. While the following records do not browning of the leaves. The imnatk forms are show it, the species probably occurs in Califor- covered with white wax, which is left in charac- nia throughout much of the range of its host. teristic white streaks on the leaves upon molting.

California records: California record: MARIN CO.: Novato, VI-25-1938 (HM) YOLO co. : Winters, in Putah Canyon, IX-4-1939 SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, v-10-1941 (m) ("K)

Oxypleurites baccharis K. (13-5) Oxypleurites juglandis K. (13-4) Plate 13-5 Plate 13-4

Oxypleurites baccharis Keifer,BUIA V. 28, p.237 1939 Oxypleurites juglandis Keifer, BCDA V. 40, p. 97, Type locality: Riverside 1951 Type host: Baccharis emryi Gray Type locality: San Jose Relation to host: The mite is a leaf vagrant, Type host: Juglans regia L., English walnut usually on the upper surface. hname: Walnut rust mite Relation to host: The mites are vagrants on the California record: under sides of the leaves. RIVERSIDE CO. : Riverside, X-11-1938 (MK) California record : SANTA CLARA CO.: san Jose district, VII-29- Oxyplezrrites cornifoliae K. (13-8) 1947 (W. H. Hart) Plate 13-8

Oxypleurites cornifoliae Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. Oxypleurites marimaliii K. (13-2) 235, 1939 Plate 13-2 Type locality: Baxter's district Type host: C. A., dogwood Cornus californicus Oxypleurites rarinalni Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 237 Relation to host: The mites are vagrants on the 1939 under sides of the leaves. Type locality: Stinson Beach Type host: Alnus rubra Bong., red alder California record: Relation to host: The mites are harmless leaf PLACER CO. : Baxter's, IX-20-1938 (HHK) vagrants on the under surfaces. 'hey nestle themselves in the angles formed by the veins. Oxypleurites depressids Nal. (13-1) Plate 13-1 California record: MARIN CO. : Stinson Beach, VIII- 13- 1938 ) Oxypleurites depressus Nalepa, hz. &ad. Wiss. Math-nat. Wien, V. 31, p. 38, 1894 Type locality: Austria Oxypleurites niaxwelli K. (13-3) Type host: Corylus avellanae L., Filbert Plate 13-3 Relation to host: The mites are vagrants on the Lifer, ECDA V. 28, p. 152, under sides of the leaves. No damage has been Oxypleurites rame1lz apparent here in California. 1939 Type locality: Sacramento L. Olive California record: Type host: Olea europa Comnon name: Olive leaf mite BUlTF, CO. : Paradise, VI-7-1939 (HHK) Relation to host: The mites live on the upper surface of the leaves. They cause no apparent Oxypleitrites glabratae K. (13-9) damage even when present in large numbers. Plate 13-9 Discussion; The dorsal depression on the rear of Oxypleurites glabratae Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 32,1940 the mite, coupled with uneven side processes, THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 41

makes this species very distinct. The origin Type host: Corylus avellanae L. Filbert of this mite is presumably the Mediterranean Relation to host: The mites are found on the region, but examination of badly mite-damaged under sides of the leaves, almost entirely olive twigs from Israel has failed to disclose along the veins. the presence of maxwelli there. Discussion: This species is very distinct fran the previous two species. The original home California records: of laminrani remains unknown. WlTE CO.: Palerrno, VI-7-1939 ("K) SACRAMINTO CD. : Sacramento, IX-21-1938 (HHKM) California record: SANTA BARBARA CO.: htecito, V-10-1949 BUTTE c0. Paradise, V-16-1939 (HHK); VENmA CO. : Santa Paula, VIII-1938 (K. E. Palermo, VI-7-1939 ("K) Maxwell) YOLO CO. : Winters district, V-3-1945 ("K) Genus 15. Calacarus Keifer, 1940

Genm 14. Coptophylla Keifer, 1944 E?ul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 29, p. 163, 1940 Type of Genus: Calacarus pulviferus K. BCDA V. 33, p. 26, 1944 Type of genus: Coptophylla laminmi (K.), BCDA Calacartls adornatus (K.) (15-2) Plate 15-2 Coptopbylla arbtlti (K.) (14-2) Plate 14-2 Epitrimerus adornatus Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 32, 1940 Phyllocoptes arbuti Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 489, Type locality: Sacramento (Capitol Park) 1939 Type host: Viburnum opulus L. , snowball Type locality: Berkeley Additional host: Camellia japonica L. Type host: Arbutus mido L. , Strawberry tree Comnon name: Purple camellia mite Relation to host: The mites occur on the under Helation to host: The mites are vagrants on both sides of the leaves and due to pulverulent wax leaf surfaces. In the case of camellia the leave considerable debris. mites cause sane browning of the surfaces, but also leave considerable debris in the form of California record: waxy shed skins and carcases. AIAMEDA a.: Berkeley, VII-25-1939 ("K) Discussion: The occurrence of the mite on Vibur- nun was probably due to population pressure, since the species is far more characteristic Coptopbylla caliquerci K. (14-3) of camellia. Plate 14-3 California records: Coptophylla raliquerci Keifer, BCDA V. 33, p- 26, ALAMEDA CO. : Oakland, X-31-1942 (G. B. 1944 Laing) Type locality: Sacramento BUTT? CO. : b,11-18-1942 (R. Swett) Type host: Qercus lobata Nee, Valley white oak FRESNO CO. : Fresno, XI-14-1947 Relation to host: The mites are upper surface US ANGEES CO: Altadena, 1-7-1943 (V. E. leaf vagrants. Williams) PLACER CO. : bis, XI-9-1943 California record: (J. B. Steinweden) SACRAMUW) CO. : Sacramento (Capitol Park), RIVERSIDE CO. : Riverside, X-19-1942 (Ehmann) E-9-1943 (HMO SACRAMMTO CO.: Sacramento, X-2-1939 (HHK) SAN DIEGO CO. : san Diego, VI-22-1944 Coptopbylla lamimatzi (K.) (14-1) (D. F. Palmer) Plate 14-1 SAN JWQUIN CO.: 111-12-1943 (J. E. Steinweden) Phyllocoptes lamiaani Keifer, XDA V. 28, p. 419, SANTA CLARA CO. : Campbell, IV-15-1948 1939 SANTA CRUZ CO.: Watsonville, XI-14-1944 Type locality: Paradise (M. H. Bell) 42 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

TULAFE CO. : Visalia, I-19- 1944 California record: (J. B. Steinweden) SAN FRANCISUI CO. San Francisco. V-23-1938 ("K) Calacarus pulviferus K. (15-1) Plate 15-1 Anthocoptes hesperzrs K. (16-3) Plate 16-3 Calacarus pulviferus Keifer, V. 29, p. 163, 1940 Anthocoptes hesperus Keifer, BCaA V. 30, p. 206, Type locality: Grass Valley district 1941 Type host: Quercus kelloggii Newb., black oak Type locality: South Laguna Relation to host: The mites are upper surface leaf Type host: Geanothus cuneatus Hook., buckbrush vagrants. Relation to host: The mites are leaf vagrants, chiefly on the under surface. California record: NEVADA CO. : Grass Valley district, VII-26 California records: 1940 (HHK) ORANGE CO.: South Laguna, M-4-1940 (HHK) SANTA CRUZ CO.: Mt. Herman, VIII-18-1941 (HHK) 1444 Calacarus tejonis K. (15-3) (16-2) Plate 15-3 Anthocoptes pickeringiae K. Plate 16-2

Calacarus tejonis Keifer, BcAA V. 41, p. 35, 1952 Anthocoptes pickeringiae Keifer, BCDA V. 41, p. Type locality: Fort Tejon 36, 1952 Type host: Quercus Zobata Nee Type locality: Occidental Relation to host: The mites are upper surface leaf Type host: Pickeringia aontana Nutt., Pea vagrants. chaparral Discussion: In accordance with the other two mem- Relation to host: The mites live on the leaves and bers of the genus the body fluids are purple. green twigs in the fine pile on all these The white wax stripes along the back make all surfaces. of these Calacarus species striking in appearance. California record: SONCMA CO. : Occidental , IX-6- 1951 (HHK) California recora. KERN CO.: Fort Tejon, XI-20-1951 (HHK) Anthocoptes punctidorsa K. (16-1) Plate 16-1 Genus 16. Avzthocoptes Nalepa, 1892 hthocoptes punctidorsa Keifer, BCDA V. 32, p. Anz. Akad. Wiss. math-nat. Wien, V. 29, p. 16, 216, 1943 1892 Tplocality: Sacramento Type of genus: Anthocoptes loricatus (Nal.), Type host: Ulnus pumila L. Keifer, V. 27, p. 312, 1938 Relation to host: The mites are leaf vagrants, chiefly on the under surface. Discussion: There seem to be a certain amount of Anthocoptes ericameriella K. (16-4) sexual dimorphism in this case, with the fe- Plate 16-4 male more like a species of Vasates, while the male has the characters of Anthocoptes. Anthocoptes ericameriella Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 313, 1938 California record: Type locality: San Francisco SACRAMMTO CO. : Sacramento, VI-7-1943 (HHK) Type host: Ericamerza ericoides (Less.1, mock heather Relation to host: The mites are vagrants among Genus 17. Vusutes Shimer, 1869 the small tufts of leaves. They also live in the outer layers of terminal Cecidomyid galls Tr. Amr. Ent. SOC.V. 2, p. 319, 1869 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 43

Type of genus: Shiner; Keifer, Vasates cornutus (Banks) (17-18) BCDA V. 33, p. 25, 1944 Plate 17-18, 17-18d Discussion: Unlike the majority of the species structurally referable to this genus, the type, Phyllocoptes cornutus Banks, Proc. Ento. SOC. quadripedes, is a gall-former on mple leaves. Wash. V. 7, p. 141, 1905 Type locality: Nashington D. C. Type host: Amygdalus persica S. R: Z., peach Vasates udvens (K.) Comnon name: Peach silver mite (approved) Relation to host: The mites are free living on the Phyllocoptes advens Keifer, mAV. 27, p. 192, leaf surfaces. This is the well-known peach 1938 silver mite, which produces a silvery sheen on Type locality: Fomona Heights older peach leaves. Less well known is the ef- Type host: Citrus linronia bb., lemon fect this mite has on imnature and young Discussion: This mite appeared on lemon under the leaves. In this latter case the mites may fruit buttons during the survey for Citrus bud cause a mottling of yellw dots on the leaf, mite. It is now apparent that the mite as de- or roll the leaf longitudinally. Peach trees scribed is a deutogyne. The characters of the with glandless leaves suffer mast from this protogyne are unknown as is the true host. Until longitudinal rolling. the type area is explored nothing further can be Discussion: the name paracornutus, proposed by the done with this MIW. writer for mites of this type on almond (BCDA V. 32, p. 214, 19431, is nothing more than California record: cornutus. LOS ANGELES CO. : Pomona Heights, XII-13-1937 The writer is not acquainted with Banks' (K. L. Wolff) species amygdalina, said to occur on Prunus davidiana in Southern California. The peach silver mite probably occurs Vasates ambrosiae (K.) (17-10) nearly everywhere in California that peaches Plate 17-10 are grown. The mite also occurs on nectarine.

Phyllocoptes mbrosiae Keifer, BCDA V. 32, p. 214, California records: 1943 ALAMEDA CO.: Hayward, X-8-1941 Type locality: Fillmore (L. R. Jeppson) Type host: Ambrosia psilostachya DC., western WTIE CO.: -0, U. S. P. I. G., X-28-1949 ragweed (H. T. &born) Relation to host: "he mites are leaf vagrants. They a.:Wasco, XII-2-1940 (G. L. Smith) were found after leaves that bore galls of MADEM CO.: Madera district, V-19-1937 Aceria boycei had been brought back to the (N. Overgaard) laboratory. MERCED CO. : Merced, VI-18-1943 (Jilbert) ORANGE CO.: Atwood, M-23-43 (E. A. Dudley) California record: SACRAMMTO CO. : Sacramento, M-30-1940 (HHK) VENTUM CO. : Fillmore, VIII-8-1940 SAN JOAQUIN CO.: StoCktm, V-1-1944 (A. M. Ebyce) (C. H. Swanson) SANTA CLARA CO.: Stanford university, X-1949 (L. A. "hmpson) Vusates calultni (K. (17- 1) STANIS1AUS CO. : Salida, 111-17-1949 Plate 17-1 Co.: Visalia, 1-7-1942 (S. F. J3ailey) YOU) CO. : Winters, V-3-1943 (HHK) Phyllocoptes calulmi Keifer, BcDA V. 29, p. 113, YuBA CO.: Marysville district, VII-16, 1946 1940 (H. A. Crane) Type locality: San Mateo Type host: lllnus (canpestris ?), a street tree Relation to host: The mites are vagrants on the Vusdes cotyledoitis (K.) (17-9) under sides of the young terminal leaves. The Plate 17-9 2-rayed featherclaw is unusual. Phyllocoptes cotyledonis Keifer, BCM V. 28, p. California record: 487, 1939 SAN MATEO CO. : San Mateo, VI-18- 1939 (HHK) Type locality: Stinson Beach 44 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Type host: Cotyledon caespitosa Haw., stonecrop RIVERSIDE CO. : Corona, VIII-4-1943 (Platt) Relation to host: The mites severely brown and SACRAMENTO CO.: Elkhorn district, XI-7-1941 wrinkle the leaf surfaces, and cause uneven (S. F. Bailey) white surface pulverulence. SAN BENIT0 CO.: Hollister, IX-30-1942, ,(H. A. Hunt) California record: SAN BEFNARDINO CO.: Loma Linda, 1-25-1943 WRIN CO. : Stinson Beach, VII-3-1939 (HHK) W DIEGO CO.: JJl,XII-22-1942 (F. Thorne) SAN JCL\QUIN CO. : Tracy, VIII-13-1941 Vasates destructor (K.) (17-14) (H. W. Graves) Plate 17-14 %N LUIS mISP0 co.: San Luis Obispo, M-16- 1942 (R. M. Drake) Phyllocoptes destructor Keifer, DAV. 29, p. SAN MATE0 CO.: Sari Carlos, V-21-1943 160, 1940 (Cambe 111 Type locality: Modesto SANTA BARBARA CO. : GoleCa, VIII-20-1942 Type host: Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., tatp (W. Gurmings)- Additional hosts: Solanum douglasii hal, night- SANTA CLARA CO. : Almaden, VIII-5-1942 shade; Solanum tuberosum, potato; Petunia; (L. R. Cody) Solanwn sp., a vine; Physalis prob. ixocarpa SANTA CXUZ CO. : Watsonville, VIII-24- 1946 Brot.; Datura sp. SHASTA CO. : French Gulch, VII-26-1950 Cornmon name: Tomato russet mite (approved) (B. F. Stroup) Relation to host: The mites are free living on the STANISLAUS CO.: Modesto, V-16-1940 green surfaces of their host. Potato and petu- (S. F. Bailey) nia show sane discoloration of the leaves but SUTIER CO. : Verona, IX-2-1942 the plants continue to live. In the case of TULARE CO.: Visalia, X-11-1942 tomato the attack of this mite is fatal to any VMWRA CO. : Camarillo, IX-16-1942 susceptible plant (one or more varieties seem (C. J. Barrett) ime). Since Eriophyids need perennial hosts YOLO CO. : Elkhorn district, M-3-1940 and cannot afford to kill their hosts, the (S. F. Bailey) relation of this mite to tomato is unnatural. YUEH CO.: Marysville, VII-11-1944 The persistance and speed with which this mite (A. W. Worledge) reappears every year in newly planted tornato fields, indicates the ease with which it dis- Vusates eurytrotus (Nal.) (17-13) seminates itself. The mite overwinters on Plate 17-13 perennial hosts such as petunia and nightshades. Discussion: The shield pattern and declivitous PhylEocoptes eurymtus Nalepa, Am. Akad. Wiss. front shield lobe are distinctive for the mth-nat. Wien, V. 31, p. 38, 1894 species. Type locality: Austria Type host: Torilis infesta Koch. California records: California hosts: Apium graveolens L., celery; ALAMEM CO.: Irvington, IX-15-1941 Daucus carota L., carrot (G. B. Ling) COrmKln name: Celery rust mite BUTTE CO.: Oroville, X-3-1942 (HHK) Relation to host: The mites are free living on the CALAvEM CO.: San Andreas. VII-15-1942 green surfaces. On celery some surface brm- (H. L. Leonard) ing evidently results from the activity of the IMPERIAL CO. : Niland, IV- 18- 1944 mites. On carrot the mites are associated in KERN CO.: Shafter, VI-16-1942 (S. F. Bailey) part with the flower heads, where in company LOS ANGELES CO.: k?ellfher, VIII-14-1942 with Aceria peucedani, they cause discoloration (V. E. Williams) of the heads. MERCED CO. : Merced, VII-17-1942 (C. H. Kinsley) California records: MONTEREY CO. : Salinas, IX-30-1942 FREgYO CO.: Fresno, X-25-1941 (S. F. Bailey) (H. A. Hunt) LOS ANGELES CO.: San Pedro, M-28-1944 NAPA CO.: &, VIII-14-1943 (Butler) (H. T. &born) ORANGE CO.: San Juan Capistrano, X-27-1948 CRANGE CO. : Stanton, IX-16-1949 PLAER CO. : Thermolands, IX-26-1941 SAN JOAQUIN a0.: Terminous, XI-4-1940 (Fred Clark) (P. F. Wright) THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 45

SOLANO m. : Rio Vista, VII-26- 1944, Dixon, Type locality: Sacramento VIII-2-1944 (D. H. Byers) Type host: Tamarix gallica L., tamarisk YUBA CO. : Marysville, X-12-1944 (Morehead) helation to host: The mites are to be found under the scale-like leaves, but when abundant wan- der along the twigs in the open. The type tree, Vasates fockeui (Nal. & Trt.) (17-19) which was in Capitol Park, has now been re- moved. Phyl locoptes fockeui Nalepa and Trouessart, Naturaliste, V. 13, p. 26, 1891 California record: Phyllocoptes fockeui N&T, Ws Tierreich, p. 52, SQCRAMMTO (33. : Sacramento, M-11-1939 (HHK) 1898 Type locality: Austria Type host: probably Prunus domestica L., prune Vasates Zaevigatae (Hassan) ( i7-2 1) Additional hosts: Prms Cerasus L., cherry; P. Plate 17-21 mahaleb L. Comnon name: Plum nursery mite Phyllocoptes laevigatae Hissan, U. C. Publ. Ent. Discussion: ?he occurrence of this mite in Cal- V. 4, p. 379, 1928 ifornia is still problematical, partly be- Type locality: Agnew cause the writer knows of no distinguishing Type host: Salix laevigatae Ekbb., red willow features between it and cormtus. Plums and Relation to host: The mites form bead galls on cherries in areas north of California are the leaves. These galls are usually colonial regularly infested with what is called in distribution, one limb on a tree having fockeul, but these trees in California do not many and other parts of the tree free. usually have these mites. Where peach trees Discussion: This mite evidently attacks other grow near plums and cherry trees the former species of willow in California, but has not may be heavily infested with silver mite been thoroughly investigated. In respect to without the latter becoming infested. The gall formtion laevigatae resembles the type records listed below are tentative and indi- species of the genus Vasates. This gall mite cate that plums and cherries have this type is probably deuterogynous. of mite in the areas indicated. The mite causes the leaves to turn brawn after the California records: manner of rust mites. FRESNO CO. : Fresno, VIII-20-1942 (R. H. Smith) California records: ORANGE CD.: Atwood, X-1-1943 (E. A. Dudley) NAPA CO.: &., VTII-3-1944 (H. T. &born) SACRAMENTO CO. : .%cramento, VIII- 18- 1937 SACRAMMTO CO. : Elk Grove, 111-31-1949 (HHK ) SANTA CLARA CO.: Agnew, 1928 (Hassan) Vasates gZu6ri K. (17-23) Plate 17-23 Vasates Zigustri (K.) (17-17) Plate 17-17 Vasates glabri Keifer, V. 41, p. 33, 1952 Type locality: Fallen Leaf Lake Phyllocoptes ligustri Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 190, Type host: Acer glabruu Torr., Sierra maple 1938 Relation to host: The mites are inquilines in the Type locality: Pasadena magenta erineum. Type host: Ligustrua ovalifoliua Haask., privet Comnon name: Privet rustmite California record: Relatian to host: lhese mites remain on the leaves EL DORADO CO. : Fallen Leaf Lake, M-13-1951 and green stems throughout the year. In the (HHK 1 spring they multiply vigorously on the new leaves and often cause noticeable browning and curling of the new leaves. Vasdes immigrans (K.) (17-3) Discussion: While the investigation of the struc- Plate 17-3 tural characters separating this species from cornutus are not complete as yet, the habits of PhylZocoptes imigrcms Keifer, FKDA V. 29, p. 29, the two species are quite dissimilar in certain 1940 respects. The privet mite, unlike the silver 46 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

mite, has no deutogynes. The privet mite starts which Nalepa (1890) gives for schlectendali to multiply earlier in the spring, is depressed do not fit the Santa Cruz Cwnty Specimens. by the warm suIRIEr weather, and revives its (The Sam thing can be said for specimens re- population again in the fall. ceived from other parts of the United States.) Until authentic European material of California records: schlectendali is available this problem will LOS ANGELES CO.: Pasadena, 111-4-1938 remain unsettled. The mite (maliuagrans) is (C. Gamnon) presumably deuterogynous. NEVADA CO. : Nevada City, VI-8-1948 ORANGE CO.: Orange, XI-14-1938 (T. Gallion) California records: SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, IV-25-1939 (HHK) YONTEREY CO.: Salinas, V-22-1944 SAN DIEOO CO. : san Diego, 111-25-1940 (W. H. Lange) (J. W. Dixon) SANTA CAW CO. : Vine Hill, VIII-10-1944 (HHK) SAN FRANCISCO 0.: San Francisco, VIII-1-1939 (HHK 1 SANTA CLARA CO.: Palo Alto, v-1-1947 Vasates manzunitue (K.) (17-8) SANTA CRUZ CO. : Watsonville, IV-10-1950 Plate 17-8 (Huston) SOLANO a.: Fairfield, 111-27-1950 (Goodman) Phyllocoptes manzanitae Keifer, BCM V. 29, p. YOLO CO.: DaDa, V-30-1942 (S. F. Bailey) 160, 1940 Type locality: Magalia Type 'host: Arctostaphylos sp., manzanita Vusutes mugnoliuoru (K.) (17-7) Relation to host: The mites are free-living on Plate 17-7 both leaf surfaces. There are imny species of manzanita in California and this mite probably Phyllocoptes magnolivora Feifer, @UIA V. 28, p. occurs on a number of them. 486, 1939 Type locality: San Jose California records: Type host: Magnolia grandiflora L., bull bay BU~ECO.: Magalia, VII-2-1940 (HHK) Relation to hast: The mites live in the natural SCNOMA CO. : Occidental, M-6-1951 (HHK) hair on the under sides of the leaves. They are also found around the flower buds but no damage has been attributed to them. Vusutes mckenziei K. (17-5) Discussion: Roivainen (1951) reports this mite on Plate 17-5 a house-grown magnolia in Finland. The native home of the host is presumably the origin of Vasates mckenziei Keifer, DAV. 33, p. 26, 1944 the mite. Type locality: Sacramento Type host: Elymus triticoides Buckl., a perennial California record: grass SANTA CLARA CO. : San Jose, VIII-25-1939 (HHK) Relation to host: The mites live in the longitu- dinal furrows on the upper leaf surface. The relationship this mite bears to dubius Nal. (17-15) Vusutes mulivugrans K. remains to be determined. Plate 17-15 Celifornia records: Keifer, V. 35, p. 41, Vasates malivagrans Bc1# SACRAlvENTo CO. : Sacramento, X-3-1943 19%; as Vdsates schlectendali (Nal.) kifer, (H. L. McKenzie) Jr. Ec. Ent. V. 39, p. 567, 1946 YOLO 0.:winters, VII-4-1944 (HHK) Type locality: Vine Hill, Santa Cruz County Type host: Pyrus malus L., apple Comnon name: (if schlectendali) Apple rust mite (approved) Vusutes paraglabri K. (17-20) Helation to host: The mites live on the under Plate 17-20 sides of the leaves. Discussion: The writer is uncertain whether to Vasates paraglabri Keifer, V. 41, p. 34, 1951 call this mite the species named, or Type locality: Fallen Leaf Lake schlectendal i. 'Ihe description and figures Type host: Acer glabrum Torr., Sierra maple THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 47

Helation to host: "his mite is another in the California records: complex found in the magenta erineum on the "I% 0.:Paradise, VXI-2-1940 WHK) host leaves. NAPA CO.: Pope Valley, X-28-1951 (HHK) Discussion: The relation this mite bears to glabri remains to be determined by experiment, but the structures seem different enough to justify the Vusutes scotti (K.)(17-6) conclusion that this is not a case of deuter- Plate 17-6 OWY. Phyllocoptes scotti Keifer, BCW V. 29, p. 28, California record: 1940 EL DORADO CO.: Fallen Leaf Lake, M-13-1951 Type locality : Winters ("K) Type host: Cercis occidentalis Torr., redbud Helation to host: The mites are leaf vagrants, spending the winter in the flcwer buds. Vasutes prosopis (K.) (17-2) Plate i7-2 California records: SHASTA CO.: Rocky Camp, Hat Creek, VITI-10- Phyllocoptes prosopis Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 29, 1948 (HHK) 1940 mIuLARE CO.: Sequoia National Park, X-31-1939 Type locality: Whitewater (F. T. Scott) Type host: Prosopis juliflora glandulosa Qtll., YOU3 CO. : Putah Canyon, Winters district, honey msquite XI-7-1939 (HHK) Relation to host: The mites are free living on the leaves. V'mates sym horicurpi (K.) (17-4) [late 17-4 California record: RIVERSIDE CO. : Whitewater, E-16-1939 (HHK) Phyllocoptes symphoricarpi Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 487, 1939 Vusutes rhumniuugruns (K.) (17-16) Type locality: Aukum Type host: L., sncmberry Plate 17-16 Syinphoricarpos albus Relation to host: The mites live on the under sides of the leaves. Phyllocoptes rhamnivagrans Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 419, 1939 California record: Type locality: Aukum EL DOMDO CO.: Aukurn, VI-4-1939 (HHK) Type host: Rhamnus californicus tonentella B&W Relation to host: The mites are under surface leaf Vusates tumalpuis (17-11) vagrants among the hairs. This mite does not (K.) occur on the glabrous variety of this host. Plate 17-11 Phyllocoptes taaalpais kifer, BCDA V. 28, p. California record: 486, 1939 EL DORAM) CO.: Aukum, VI-4-1939 (HHK) Type locality: Mt. Tamalpais SONOMA CO.: Occidental, M-6-1951 (HHK) Type host: Grylus rostrata californica A., hazelnut Relation to host: The mites are vagrants on both Vasutes rhododendronis (K.) (17-12) leaf surfaces, favoring the under side. The Plate 17-12 long dorsal setae are somewhat distinctive.

Phyl locoptes rhododendronis Keifer, BCDA V. 29, Ca 1if ornia records : p. 162, 1940 WRIN CO.: Mt. Tadpais, VII-3-1939 (HHK) Type locality: Paradise SCNOMA CO.: camp hkeker, IX-6-1951 (HHK) Type host: Rhododendron occidentale Cy-Ar. , azalea Vusates toxicophugus (Ewing) (17-22) Relation to host: 'Ihe mites are under surface leaf Plate 17-22 vagrants. The imnature stages are covered with pulverulent wax. Phyl locoptes toxicophagus Ewing, Roc. Iowa Acad. 48 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Sci., V. 24, p. 323, 1917; Keifer, B(33A V. 27, Genus 19. Tetra Keifer, 1944 p. 191, 1938 Type locality: Western Oregon Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 33, p. 27, 1944 Type host: Rhus diversiloba T&G., poison oak Type of genus: Tetra concava (K.) Comnon name: Poison oak leaf-gall mite Relation to host: The mites form bead galls on the leaves. In some cases the terminal leaves are Tetra cercocarpi K. (19-1) deformed by the mass of galls. Plate 19-1 Discussion: The mite is widespread in California, but only one definite locality is available at Tetra cercocarpi Keifer, BmA V. 41, p. 68, 1952 this writing. Type locality: Rocky Camp, Hat Creek Type host: Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt., Desert California record: mountain mahogany vE”ilJm co. : Santa Paula, VII-29-1937 Helation to host: The mites are vagrants among the (S. Lockwood) leaf hairs on the upper leaf surface.

California record: Genus 18. Gummaphytoptus Keifer, 1939 SHASTA CO. : Rocky Camp, Hat Creek, VIII-10- 1948 (HHK) hl. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 28, p. 148, 1939 Type of genus: Ganunaphytoptus camphorae K. Tetra concava (K.) (19-2) Plate 19-2 Gammaphytoptus camphorae K. (18-1) Plate 18-1 Phyllocoptruta concava Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 489, 1939 Ganunaphytoptus camphorae Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. Type locality: Sacramento 148, 1939 Type host: Ulms (campestris ?}, elm Type locality: Sacramento Relation to host: The mites are free living on the Type host: Cinnaaromum camphora ME., camphor tree leaves, principaJly on the upper surfaces. Relation to host: This species seem to be basi- cally a leaf vagrant type that has taken up California record : residence in the natural leaf glands that open SACRAk43NlU CO. : Sacramento, VI-27-1939 (INK) on the under surface. These glands are in the angles formed by the large veins with the mid- rib near the leaf base. Genus 20. Abacartcs Keikr, 194 Discussion: This mite is polymorphic, only the extreme form being shown in the figure. There Bul. Cal. Ikpt. Agr. V. 33, p. 28, 1944 are mny individuals in each leaf gland pop- Type of genus: Abacarus acalyptus (K.) ulation that have a nearly Eriophyiform ab- domen. As in Aceria camelliae and Eriophyes Abacarus acalyptrrs (K.) (20-2) vi tis, this mite combines the appressed geni- Plate 20-2 talia and shortened apodeme with the presence of dorsal setae. In the genera Ceciabphyes Galepitriserus acalyptus Keifer, BcIlA V. 28, p. and Coptophylla, both of which have this type 490, 1939 of genitalia, the dorsal setae are missing. Type locality: Baxter’s Undoubtedly the native home of camphor is Type host: Ceanothus cordulatus Kell. where the mite originated. Relation to host: The mites live free on the leaves and green parts of the twigs. California record: California records: PLACER 03.: hxter’s, VI-14-1939 (HHK) BUnE CO.: Oroville, VII-23-1938 (J. B. Steinweden) Abacarus hystrix (Nal.) (20-1) ANGELES : Pasadena, VII-6- 1938 U)S CD. Plate 20-1 (C. Gamnon) SACRAMLWTO CO. : Sacramento, M-29-1938 (HHK Callyntrotus hystrix Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Wiss. math-nat. Wien, V. 33, p. 110, 1896. THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 49

Abacarus hystrix (Nal.) Keifer, ELL\ V. 33, p. Type locality: Puente 28, 1944 Type host: Persea americana Mill., avocado Phytocoptes hystrix (Nal.) Roivainen, Acta Ent. Corranon name: Avocado bud mite Fen. #8, p. 54, 1951 Relation to host: The mites live in the avocado Type locality: Austria buds and under the fruit buttons. They cause Type host: Agropyrun repens Pal., a grass some discoloration of the surface. California host: Elymus triticoides Buckl.; also Elymus sp. California records : Comnon name: Grain rust mite (approved) LOS ANGELES CO.: Puente, x-17-1938 Helation to host: 'Ihe mites live in the furrws (L. E. Myers) on the upper leaf surface, in the case of ORANGE CO.: Fullerton, X-24-1938 Elynurs spp. No cases of damage have ever oc- (R. J. Ehgardner) curred in California as far as is known. SAN DIEGO CO.: Vd,X-26, 1943 (J. R. La Follette) California records: SANTA BARBARA CO. : Carpinteria, VII-14-1944 SACRAMMlU CO. : Sacramento, IX-19-1943 (HHK) (M. Cravens) VENTURA CO.: Fillmore, VIII-30-1940 (HHK) Tegonotus negundella K. (21-5) Plate 21-5 Genus 21. Tegonotus Nalepa, 1890 Tegonotus negundelh kifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 235, Anz. &ad. Wiss. math-nat. Wien, V. 27, p. 213, 1939 1890 Type locality: &vis Type of genus: Tegonotus fastigatus Kl.; Keifer, Type host: Acer negundo californicun Sarg., box- v. 28, p. 153, 1939 elder Thaavzacus Keifer, MA(i V. 33. p. 27, 1944; type: Helatian to host: The mites live on the under rhamnicola K. sides of the leaves. Discussion: Nalepa characterized this genus as canposed of mites with "roof-like" backs. It is California records: here characterized as containing mites with an OR4NGE CO.: santa Ana, VIIT-18-1948 anterior shield lobe, dorsal setae projecting SAcItSMENTo 0.: North Sacramento, VI-27-1942 caudad, and the abdomen with a middorsal ridge (E. Ciainnon) that tapers to the cauda. YOU) CO.: &vis, E-24-1938 (HHK)

Tegonotus califraxini (K.) (21-2) Tegonotus rhamnicola (K.) (21-3) Plate 21-2 Plate 21-3 Epitrinerus califraxini Keifer, B[M v. 27, p. Phyllocoptes rhannicola Keifer, KDA V. 27, p. 308, 1938 307, 1938 Type locality: Placerville district Thamnacus rhamnicola (K.), BCDA V. 33, p. 27, 1944 Type host: Fraxinus dipetala H&A., foothill ash Type locality: Caop Rogers Additional host: Fraxinus velutina Torr., Arizona Type host: Rhamnus californicus Esch., coffee ash berry, smooth leaf type. Relation to host: The mites are free-living on the Relation to host: The mites first cause an oblique under surfaces of the leaves. folding of the leaf between two veins, later becoming more or less free living as the fold California records: opens due to leaf expansion. KERN CO.: Bakersfield, V-1939 SACRAMENTO a0. : Sacramento, VI-16-1939 (HHK) California record: PLACER CO. : Webber Creek, Placerville dis- Puldu CO.: Camp hoeprs, Belden district, trict, V-30-1938 (HHK) VI-12-1933 (BiIo YOLO CO.: Wvis, V-6-1942 (R. L. Usinger) Tegonotus zizypbugus (K.) (21-4) Tegonotus myersi (K.) (21-1) Plate 21-4 Plate 21-1 Epitrinerus zizyphagus Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. Epitremerus myersi Keifer, mAV. 28, p. 150, 1939 420, 1939 50 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Type locality: Oroville Acaricalzss segundus K. (23-1) Type host: Zizyphus sativa Gaertn., jujube Plate 23-1 Relation to host: The mites are free living on the green stems and leaves. AcaricaZus segundus Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 164, 1940 California records: Type locality: Grass Valley district BUTTE CO. : Oroville, VI-7-1939 (HHK) Type host: Quercus keZloggii Newb., black oak YUBA CO.: hlarysville, IX-16-1946 Additional host: Quercus agrifolia Nee, coast live oak Relation to host: The mites are free-living on, Genus 22. Tumescoptes Keifer, 1939 the upper leaf surfaces.

€3~1. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 28, p. 336, 1939 California records: Type of genus: Tumescoptes trachycarpi K. NEVADA CO.: Grass Valley district, VII-20- 1940 (HHK) Tiinzescoptes trachycarpi K. (22-1) SAN MATE0 Co.: La Honda district, VIIT-20- 1940 (HHK) Plate 22-1 SONOMA CO.: Occidental, IX-3-1951 (HHK) Tumescoptes trachycarpi Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 337, 1939 Type locality: Woodland Type host: Trachycarpus excelsa Wendl., windmill Genus 24. Acaphylla Keifer, 1943 palm Helation to host: This remarkable mite is found hl. Cal. Uept. Agr. V. 32, p. 214, 1943 in the new folded leaves coming out of the bud. Type of genus: Acaphylla steinwedeni K. Discussion: The palm from which the specimens originated was taken in quarantine from San Francisco. At the present time no precise lo- Acaphylla steiiiwedeni K. (24-1) cality is known in California where this mite Plate 24-1 exists. Both this species and Mackiella phoe- nicis, on date palm, are peculair types, and Acaphylla steinwedeni Keifer, BcDA V. 32, p. 215, may give a glimpse of some of the strange 1953 Eriophyids to come when further exploration Type locality: Sacramento is done for Eriophyids palms. on Type host: heilia japonica I,. Comnon name: Yelh camellia rust mite Relation to host: This species, which is free- Genus 23. Acariculm Keifer, 1940 living, occurs on the leaves associated with Calacarus adornatus (K.) . While this mite does Bul. Cal. Lkpt. Agr. V. 29, F. 164, 1940 not leave as much debris on the leaves as Type of genus: Acaricalus segundus Keifer adornatus, it may actually be more important as a rust mite.

Acaricalus hederae (K.) (23-2) California records: Plate 23-2 ALAMEDA cO. : San Leandro, VII-27-1944 (J. B. Steinweden) Calepitrimerus hederae Keifer, BCDA V. 26, p. 490, LOS ANCELES CO.: Glendale, IX-14-1942 1939 (L. E. Myers) Type locality: San Francisco MARIN CO. : Larkspur, III-8-1944 Type host: Hedera helix L., ivy (J. B. Steinweden) Helation to host: The mites are free-living on NEVADA CO.: Grass Valley, VI1-26-1940 (HHK) the upper sides of the leaves. SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, IV-7-1943 (J. B. Steinweden) California record: SAN JOAQUIN co.: _Lodi, 111-12-1943 SAN FRANCISCO CO.: San Francisco, VIII-19- (J. B. Steinweden) 1939 (HHK) THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 51

Genus 25. Phyllocoptes Nalepa, 1889 Type locality: Sacramento Type host: Salix babylonica L , weeping willow, Sitzb. Akad. Hiss. math-nat. Wien, V. 98, p. 116, and Salin spp. 1889 Relation to host: The mites live behind the buds Type of genus: Phyllocoptes carpini Nal.; Keifer, and at the petiole bases, causing some shriv- DCDA V. 27, p. 191, 1938 eling of the tissue. California record: SACRAMENTO CO. : Scramnto, X-22-1943 (HHK1 Phyllocoptes abaenus K. (25-3) Plate 25-3 Phyllocoptes cedri K. (25-5) Phyllocoptes abaenus Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 30, Plate 25-5 1940 Type locality: San hlateo Phyllocoptes cedri Keifer, BCDA V. 45, p. 41, Type host: Prunus sp., possibly Santa Rosa plum 1946 Relation to host: These white mites are vagrants on Type locality: Sacramento the under sides of the leaves. Type host: Cedrus atlantica glauca Carr., glaucus cedar California records: Helation to host: 'Ihe mites are vagrants on the %CBAM~~CO.: Sacramento, a-20-1944 (HHK) needles. They become mst abundant on fresh SAN WTEO CO.: San hhteo, X-21-1939 (HHK) grwth. SANTA CLARA CO. : Stanford campus, X-1939 (1.. A. Thompson) California record : SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, V-25-1944 (HHK) Phyllocoktes adalins K. (25-2) Plate 25-2 Phyllocoptes dimorphus K. (25-4) Plate 25-4 Phyllocoptes adalius Keifer, BcDA V. 28, p. 487, 1939 Phyllocoptes dimorphus Keifer, BUM V. 29, p. 31, Type locality: Berkeley 1940 Type host: Rosa sp., cultivated rose Type locality: Arrwhead Lake district Relation to host: The mites are under surface leaf Type host: Pteris aquilina Zanuginosa Borey, vagrants. In addition to the follwing record, bracken there is an undated one from San Francisco. Helation to host: 'Ihe mites are free-living on the under sides of the fronds. California record: Discussion: The males are smaller and of a darker ALAMEDA 0.: Berkeley, VII-25-1939 (HHK) color than the females. This should be a most instructive species to study.

Phyllocoptes calirubi K. (25-7) California records: Plate 25-7 EL CORAM) CO.: Twin Bridges, a-13-1947 (HHK) Phyllocoptes calirubi Keifer, BcDA V. 27, p- 306, SAN BERIMDIN0 03. : Arrowhead bke district, 1938 M-16-1939 ("K) Type locality: Clarksburg Type host: Rubus vitifolius C. & S., native black- Phyllocoptes fructiphilus K. (25-6) berry or dewberry Plate 25-6 Helation to host: The mites are free-living on the under sides of the leaves among the leaf hairs. Phyllocoptes fructiphilus Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 30, 1940 Type locality: Clarksburg 6.lif ornia record: Type host: Rosa californica C. & S. YOLO CO. : Clarksburg district, VII-3-1938 (HHK) Relation to host: 'Ihe mites live around the peti- ole bases, but also have the unusual habit of Phyllocoptes calisalicis K. (25-1) living inside the fruit around the seeds. Plate 25-1 Phyllocoptes calisalicis Keifer, BCDA V. 33, p. California records: 25, 1944 BUTT CO. : Wyandotte, XI-6-1942 (HHK) 52 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

YOLO co. : Clarksburg district, XI-15-1939 Genus 27. Acarelliptus Keifer, 1940 (M. L. Jones) h1. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 29, p. 166, 1940 Type of genus: Acarelliptus cocciformis K. Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal.) (25-8) Plate 25-8 Acarelliptus occidentalis K. (27-1) Cecidophyes gracilis Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Plate 27-1 math-nat. Wien, V. 27, p. 2, 1890 (Nal.), Marcellia V. 20, p. Eriophyes gracilis Acare liptus occidentalis Keifer, BCI)A V. 40, p. , 1923 98 1951 Phyllocoptes parviflori Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. Type ocality: Grass Valley district 146, 1939 Type host: gercus keIloggii Newb., black oak Type locality: Austria Additional host: Quercus &rata Jepsm, scrub oak Type host: Rubus idaeus L., raspberry Relation to host: %se peculiar mites are flat California host: Rubus paruiflorus Nutt., thimble- and elliptical in dorsal view. They curl the berry caudal portion of their abdomen under and re- Cwrmon name: Blackberry leaf mite (approved) main motionless on the under sides of the Relation to host: The mites live on the undersides leaves after the manner of scale insect of the leaves among the hairs, and also on the crawlers, which they resemble in shape in a fruits. In the latter place they cause prema- miniature way. ture ripening and drying of the berries. Discussion: The mite is northern in distribution California records : and on the Pacific coast it does most of the NAPA CO.: Pope valley, X-28-1951 (HHK) berry damage in Washington. This species has NEVADA CO. : Grass Valley district, IX-1-1952 been confused with Aceria essigi, the redberry (HHK 1 mite, but that mite lives under cover. With the SON(MA CD.: Occidental, M-3-1951 (HHK) exception of the collection given below, the California records are uncertain. Genus 28. Cupacarus Keifer, 1943 California record: MARIN CO.: Stinson kach, VIII-13-1938 (HHK) Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 32, p. 215, 1943 Type of genus: Cupacarus cuprifestor K. Genus 26. Caliphytoptus Keifer, 1938 Cnpacarzds caprifestor K. (28-1) Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 27, p. 311, 193P Plate 28-1 Type of genus: Caliphytoptus quercilobatae Keifer Cupacarus cuprifestor Keifer, EICM V. 32, p. 215, 1943 Caliphytoptus quercilobatae K. (26-1) Type locality: San Francisco ~late'26-1 Type host: Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw., Monterey cypress Caliphytoptus quercilobatae Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. Relation to host: The mites are free-living around 311, 1938 the bract-like leaves on the green twigs. Type locality: Cjai Type host: Quercus lobata Nee, White oak California records: Relation to host: The mites live among the hairs MON'IEREY CO.: &rmel, VIII-1942 (HHK) on the under sides of the leaves. They nestle SAN FRANCISCO CO.: !%n Francisco, XII-28-1942 against the veins and apparently remain in one ("K) position for long periods of time.

California record: Genus 29. Phyllocoptruta Keifer, 1938 VFN~IIIIIRAco.: Ojai, V-31-1938 (H. Young) - Bul. &I. Dept. Agri. V. 27, p. 193, 1938 Type of genus: Phyl Zocoptruta oleivorus (Ashm. ) THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 53

Phyllocoptricta oleiuorus (Ashm) (29-1) Platyphytoptus sabiizianae K. (30-1) Plate 29-1 Plate 30-1

Typhlodromus oliioorus Ashmead, Can Ent. V. 11, p. Platyphtoptus sabinianae Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 160, 1879 188, 1938 Type locality: Florida Type locality: Oroville (Palermo) Type host: Citrus sinensis (Ckb.), orange Type host: Pinus sabiniana Dougl., digger pine Additional host: Citrus limonia (ab.1, lemon Additional hosts: Pinus spp., including pon- Comnon name: Citrus rust mite (approved) derosa Dougl.; radiata Don: pinea L., tor- Relation to host: This mite infests orange (Citrus reyana Parry; tuberculata Gord. ; and sinensis), lemon (Citrus linonia) and probably probably others other members of the genus Citrus. Relation to host: This mite is usually found in Discussion: The mite is widespread and probably oc- the needle sheaths in company with Trisetacus curs in nearly every citrus growing area in the pini, but at times it apparently comes out and world that is near enough to Ocean influence. In becomes free-living on the needles for a pri- California the mite shws a southern coastal .od. distribution from Santa Barbara to San Diego Discussion: This is a peculiar mite which is Counties. It does not go inland to any degree abundantly distinct from any other species and is never found on citrus in the Sacramento now known. It apparently can live on nearly or San Joaquin Valleys. In Southern California any pine which has the right kind of needle its Occurrence in damaging numbers is sporadic sheath. The genus Platyphytoptus appears to north of Orange County. have its nearest ally in Epitrimerus.

Ca 1i for n ia records : California records: IMPERIAL CO. : Brawley, XII-27-1938 AMADOR CO.: Lumber Yard Station, VIII-17-1947 (H. C. Liebert) (Nursery stock) ("K) LOS ANGELES CO. : Glendora, Mf-20-1937 BUTTE CO. : Palermo, 1-23-1938 (HHK) (L. E. Myers) RIVERSIDE CO. : Idylwild, X-9-1938 (HHK) WNGE CO. : Lemon Heights, XI-4-1948 SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, X-7-1937 (HHK) SAN DIEGO CO. : aula Vista, XII-26-1939 (J. 0. Brodeur) SANTA BARBARA 0.: bntecito, X-20-1949 Genus 31. Callyntrottcs Nal., 1894 (W. S. Gmnings) V~?URACO.: County Hospital, 1-13-1949 Anz. Akad. Wiss. math-nat. Wien, V. 31, p. 71, 1894 Type of genus: Callyntrotus schlectendali Nal.; Genus 30. PZutyphjtoptus Keifer, 1938 Keifer, EM V. 28, p. 234, 1939

Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 27, p. 188, 1938 Calljmtrotus scblectendali Nal. (31-1) Type of genus: Platyphytoptus sabinianae K. Plate 31-1

Cal lyntrotus schlectendali Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Platyphytoptus multisternatus K. (30-2) Wiss. math-nat. Wien, V. 31, p. 71, 1894 Plate 30-2 Type locality: Austria Type host: Rosa canina L. Platyphytoptus multisternatus Keifer, BCDA V. 28, Comnon name: Hose rust mite p. 146, 1939 Relation to host: The mites are vagrants on the Type locality: Phillips under sides of the leaves. They may cause some Type host: Pinus murrayana hlfour, lodgepole pine rusting although the damage does not attract Discussion: These high mountain mites live in the attention and no control has ever seemed nec- needle sheaths. essary. The mites leave characteristic white streaks on the leaves which are the second stage skin castings. Ca 1i fornia record : Discussion: The species has a wide distribution in EL M)RADO a).: Phillips near Camp Sacramento, California which the follming records hardly VIII-24-1938 (HHK) show. 54 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

California records: Discussion: There is some question as to the LOS ANGELES CO.: Pasadena, VII-1-1938 proper placement of this species. It is (C. Gamnon) placed here because of the shallow troughs SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VI-10-1039 (HHK) on the back, which condition is characteris- SANTA CUR4 CO.: San Jose, X-16-1943 tic of certain Epitrimerus species. (M. H. Bell) YOLO CO.: Davis, 11-6-1039 (E. H. Fosen) California record: SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VIII-24-1939 (HHK) Genus 32. Epitherus Nalepa, 1878 Epitrimerus cupressifoliae K. (32-7) has Tierreich, V. 4, p. 61, 1898 Type of genus: Eprtrrmerus gemmrcola (Nal.); Plate 32-7 Keifer, BCD(\ V. 27, p. 308, 1938 Discussion: The usual Epitrimerus species has a /?pitrimerus cupressifoliae Keifer, BCDA V. 41, p. central longitudinal ridge, fading to the 35, 1952 Type locality: kcidental cauda, and flanked on each side by a more or less prominent lateral ridge. In a few cases Type host: Cupressus sargentii Jepson, Sargent (taxodii as one example) there are two lateral cypress Murr., undulations forming two lateral ridges on each Additional hosts: Cupressus macnabiana side of the central ridge. This condition is McNab cypress: Juniperus californicus Carr., not adequately treated in the keys at this Cal. juniper particular. writing and the disposition of spe- Relation to host: ?he mites live on the fresh cies having it must be reviewed. The genus shoots where they may develope in considerable Calacarus is similar to Epitrimerus in back numbers. structure, but the beak and genital features, Discussion: No difference has been fmnd between the cypress the juniper populations, hence as well as the lack of dorsal setae, make and they are considered as the same species. The Calacarus seem not too closely related to cypress population, which is the type series, lip i t r ime rus . is from Sonoma County. The juniper mites are from Mt. Giablo and South. E/~itrimeriisabiefis K. (32-4) Plate 32-4 California records: CONTRA COSTA CO.: Mt. Diablo, M-20-1951 Epitrimerus abietis Keifer, RCDA V. $1, p. 34, (HHK) 1052 NAPA CO.: Pope Valley, X-28-1951 (HHK) Type locality: k'allen leaf lake RIVERSIDE CO. : Penis, VI-28-1946 (HHK) SAN BEANARDINO CO.: Phelan district, X-5-1951 Typ host: Abies concolor &G., white fir helation to host: The mites are vagrants on the (nnK ) new needles, but build up slowly and are only SONOMA CO. : kcidental, IX-6-1951 (HHK) common, if at all, in the early fall. Epitrimerus libocedri (K.) (32-8) California record: Plate 32-8 EL DORADO CO.: Fallen baf Lake E-12-1947 (HHK) Platyphytoptus libocedri Keifer, BcDA V. 28, p. 486, 1939 Eliitrimerus czcpressi (K.) (32-5) Type locality: Paradise Plate 32-5 Type host: Libocedrus decurrens Torr., Incense cedar Platyphytoptus cupressi Keifer, BDA V. 28, p. Helation to host: The mites are free-living on the 485, 1939 green tips. While this species probably has a Type locality: Sacramento wide range with its host, only the following Type host: Cupressus semperuirens L., Italian record is available at the present. cypress Helation to host: The mites lurk in the crevices Cal ifornia record: formed by the scale-like leaves. BUlTE CO. : Paradise, VIII-30-1939 (HHK) THE ERIOPHYID MlTES OF CALIFORNIA 55

Epitrimertis psettdotsttgae K. (32-9) Discussion: Nalepa’s original description and fig- Plate 32-9 ures do not indicate the most noticeable fea- ture of the protogynes here in California, Epitrimerus pseudotsugae Keifer, FKDAv. 35, p. namely the lateral shield lobes. For that rea- 42, 1946 son the above synonymy is not at all certain in Type locality: Sacramento the writer’s opinion. Type host: Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lamb.), Douglas fir, a Park tree California records: Helation to host: The mites are needle vagrants on LAKE CO. : Finley, VI-21-1937 (c. Stone) the fresh grwth. This mite has a wide range PLACER CO. : Wiemar, VII-25-1932 with its host but only the follwing data is (A. C. Frwne) available at this writing. SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacramento, VI-2-1938 (HHK) SUTlER CO. : Riego, X-26-1940 (HHK) Ca 1if ornia record: VENTURA CO. : -Qjai, VII-20-1946 SACRAMmTO OD.: Sacramento, VIII-29-1944 YOm CO. : West Sacramento, VIII-12-1941 (“K) (S. Lockwood) YUBA CO. : Marysville, VI-23-1942 (S. F. Biley) Epitrimerus pteleae K. (32-2) Plate 32-2 Epitriinerus sierribis K. (32-1) Epitrimerus pteleae Keifer, v. 27, p. 308, Plate 32-1 1938 Type locality: Rodeo Epitrimerus sierribis Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 489, Type host: Ptelea baldwini crenulata Jepson, hop 1939 tree Type locality: Baxter’s Relation to host: The mites discolor the leaves Type host: Ribes neuadense Kell. after the manner of the usual rust mite. Helation to host: The mites are free-living on the Discussion: The position of the dorsal tubercles under sides of the leaves. is not typical for Epitrimerus, but since these tubercles have their long axis approx- California record: imately parellel to the length of the body the PLACER CO. : bxter’s, VII-14-1939 (HHK) species is referred to this genus. The species is probably deuterogynous. Epitrimerus taxodii (K.) (32-10) Plate 32-10 California records: CONTRA CQSTA CO.: Rodeo, VI-29-1938; &. Platyphytoptus tarodti Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 486, Diablo, Tx-20-1051 (HHK) 1939 Type locality: Berkeley Type host: Tazodiun distichum Hich., bald cypress Epitrimerzrs pyri (Nal.) (32-3) Helation to host: The mites are free-living on the Plates 32-3; 32-3d needle sprays. They are rather waxy and leave a certain amount of detris on the needles. Discussion: The original tree from which the type Tegonotus pyri Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Niss. math-nat. Wien, V. 28, p. 162, 18Sl specimens were taken was on the University of California canpus a short distance north of the Epitrimerus pirifoliae Keifer, Bca4 V. 27, p. 309, library. This tree has now been removed. The 1938 mite has an undulating back surface, making it Type locality: Austria somewhat atypical in Epitrimerus, since there Type host: Pyrus communis I.., pear are abovt five longitudinal ridges. Comnon name: Pear rust mite (approved) Relation to host: The mites are free-living on the 6.li fornia record: under sides of the leaves where they may cause ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley, VII-20-1939 rusting if numerous enough. The deutogynes usu- ally appear in the early sumner in response to Epitrimerzis trilobus (Nal.) (32-6) Plates 32-6; 32-fd the maturing of the leaves, so the mite has a tendency to disappear after the spring flare- Cecidophyes trilobus Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Kiss. mth- UP. nat. Wien, V 27, p. 2, 1890 56 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Type locality: Austria Calepitrimerits armatus (Can.) (33-7) Type host: Sambucus nigra L., black elder California host: Smbucus glauca Nutt. ; probably Phyllocoptes (?) araatus Canestrini, Atti SOC. others Veneto-Trent. V. 12, p. 23, 1890 Relatipn to host: lhe mites live on the leaves Calepitrimerus armatus (Can.) kifer, BCDA V. 31, where they often cause yellwing ad curling or p. 122. 1942. stunting of the terminal leaflets. Type locality: Italy Discussion: The primary types have wax stripes Type host: Crataegus oxycmtha L., hawthorne along the top of each dorsal ridge. Since the Relation to hast: The mites are under surface deutogynes have neither ridges nor stripes this vagrants, producing some browning on the is one of the better species in which to ob- leaves. The species is deuterogyncus. serve deuterogyny. Nalepa (1924) has designated varieties to take care of host-plant relation- California record: ships. SAN MA’IEO CO.: Burlingame, V-24-1941 (HHK)

California records: RIVERSIDE CO.: Riverside, mII-16-1942 Calepitrimerus baileyi K. (33-4) (F. R. Platt) SACRAMENTO 0.: Sacramento, M-2-1943 (HHK) Plate 33-4; 33-4d VENTUR4 CO.: Santa Paula, VIII-30-1940 (HHK) YOLO CO.: r)avis, M-22-1941 (HMO Calepitrirnerus baileyi Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. 310, 1938 (protogyne) Phyllocoptes aphrastus Keifer, BCDA V. 29, p. 29, Genus 33. Calepitrimerus Keifer, 1938 1940 (deutogyne) Type locality: Davis hl. Cal. bpt. Agr. V. 27, p. 310, 1938 Type host: Pyrus malus L., apple Type of genus: Calepitrirnerus cariniferus K. Comnon name: Bailey’s apple rust mite Relation to host: The mites live on the under sides of the leaves among the hairs, causing Calepitrimerus auatis K. (33-3) slight brmning to the leaf surface. ”he Plate 33-3 deutogynes hibernate around the buds just back of the terminal bud. Calepitrirnerus anatis Keifer, EKDA V. 39, p. 31 1940 California records: Type locality: Camp Sacramento MONTEREY CO.: Salinas, VI-6-1944 Type host: Amlanchier alnifolia Nutt., western (W. H. Lange) serviceberry PLACER CO.: Auburn, VI-22-1944 (F. Clark) Helation to host: The mites are leaf vagrants, SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VI- 10- 1946 favoring the under sides of the leaves. NU- (H. L. McKenzie) mrous deutogynes occur in these pcpulatims. YOLO CO.: k,VI-24-1938 (S. F. Bailey) BUITE CO.: Magalia, X-30-1939 (HHK) California records : EL M)WW CO. : camp Sacramento, D(-10-1939 (HHK) Calepitrinierr4s cariniferiis (33-5) SHASTA CO. : Old Station, VIII-9-1948 (HHK) K. Plate 33-5

Calepitrimerrrs apidropogoriis K. (33-2) Calepitrirnerus cariniferus Keifer, V 27, p. Plate 33-2 310, 1938 Type locality: Sacramento Calepitrirnerus andropogonis Keifer, BCDA V. 33, Type host: Artemisia heterophyl la Nutt., worm- p. 27, 1944 wood Type locality: Hyandotte Helation to host: The mites are vagrants, favoring Type host: Andropogon sp., a coarse grass the upper side of the leaves. Helation to host: The mites are vagrants on the leaves. Ca 1i forn ia records : California record: SAWMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VI-20-1938 (HHK) BUTTE CO. : Hyandotte, Oroville district, XI- SU’ITER CO.: Wheatland, 1944 (HHK) 6-1942 (HHK) THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 57

Calepitrimerus umbellulariae K. (33-1) Type locality: Mmntains west of Indio, Anza dis- Plate 33-1 tr ict Type host: Nolina parryi Wats. Calepitrimerus unbellulariae Keifer, BCDA V. 28, Relation to host: The mites are free-living on the p. 336, 1939 ycunger leaves. Type locality: Sacramento Type host: Chnbellularia californica Nutt., Cal- California record: ifornia bay (a park tree) RIVERSIDE CO.: Anza district, X-10-1938 (HHK) Relation to host: The mites are free-living on the tips and especially on the flower stems and buds. The surface pile affords the mites some DIPTILOMIPINI protection. Discussion: This mite is distinct from all de- Genus 35. Asetacus Keifer, 1952 cribed species mainly by the produced finger- like dorsal tubercles. Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 41, p. 36, 1952 Type of genus: Asetacus rnadronae K. California records: SACRAMWIU CO. : Stcramento, V-5-1939 (HHK) Asetacus madronae K. (35-1) SAN MAlEO CO. : Redwood VII-5-1950 city, Plate 35-1 (Edwards SONOMA CO. : Camp Meeker, IX-6-1951 (HHK) Asetacus madronae Keifer, V. 41, p. 36, 1952 Type locality: ~CM'SMills Calepitrimerus vitis (Nal.) (33-6) Type host: Arbutus nenziesii Pursh., mdrone Plate 33-6; 33-6d Elation to host: The mites are free-living on the leaves, favoring the lower surface. Epitrimerus vitis Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Wiss. math- nat. Wen, V. 42, p. 445, 1905 California records: Phyllocoptes vitis Nalepa, Am. Akad. Wiss. math- SANTA CRUZ CO.: Laurel district, VI-24-1942 nat. Wien, V. 42, p. 268, 1905 (deutogyne ?) ("K) Type locality: Austria (?) S(r(Ob(A 0.:Duncan's Mills, M-4-1951 (HHK) Type host: Vi tis vinifera L., grape Comnon name: Grape rust mite Relation to host: The mites live on the under Genus 36. Quadracus Keifer, 1944 sides of the leaves. In California the spe- cies is strongly deuterogynous. hl. Cal. Ikpt. Agr. V. 33, p. 30, 1944 California records: Type of genus: Gadracus urticarius (aM.) NAPA CO. : Yountville, X-6-1944 (L. M. Smith) PLAmR CO. : Roseville, VIII-22-1951 (Riolo) Quadracus urticarius (C. & M.) (36-1) SAN BEFNARDINO CO. : Cucamonga, 11-3-1944 Plate 36-1 (H. B. Korsmeier) !?ANTA CRUZ CO.: vine Hill, VIII-10-1944 (WK) Phyllocoptes urticarius Cenestrini and Massalongo, Wmw a.:Orasi, VII-9-1940 Bul. Soc. Veneto-Trent,, V. 5, p. 152, 1893 (J. B. Steinweden) (hradracus urticae Lifer, BCDA V. 33, p. 30, 1944: YOLO CO. : Broderick distr., X-8-1941 (HHK) Roivainen, Acta Fnt. Fen. #7, p. 43, 1950 Rhynacaphytoptus urticarius (c&M) Roivainen, Acta Eht. Fen. W, p. 64, 1951 Genus 34. Acamilza Keifer, 1944 Type locality: Italy Type host: Urtica dioica L., nettle Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 33, p. 29, 1944 California host: Urtica gracilis holosericea Jepson Type of genus: Acmina nolinae (K. ) Relation to host: The mites live among the hairs on the under sides of the leaves. Acamina nolinae (K.) (34-1) Plate 34-1 Ca 1if ornia records : KERN co.: Fort Tejon, XI-20-1951 ("IO Calepitrimrus nolinae Lifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 151, SACRA~~MTOCO.: Sacramento, VIII-8-1943 (HHK) 1939 58 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Genus 37. Rhyncaphytoptus Keifer, 1939 streaks on the leaf surface. R. megarostris is deuterogynous with the deutogynes hibernating Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 28, p. 149, 1939 in bark crevices. This mite apparently is also Type of genus: Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae K. common on Quercus douglasii Ha., and perhaps durata, but these hosts are yet to be inves- tiga ted. Rhyncaphytoptus acilius K. (37-8) Plate 37-8 California records: SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, M-9-1943 (HHK) Rhyncaphytoptus acilius Keifer, BUM V. 28, p. 491, SAN MATEO CO. : Atherton, 111-1-1951 1939 VENmfitf CO. : Ojai, V-31-1938 (H. Young) Type locality: Sacramento YOLO Co. : Brdyick district, X-8-1941 Type host: Salir lasiolepis Penth., PUSSY willow (S. F. Bailey) Helation to host: The mites are free-living on the leaves. They occur on branches where all of the leaves show an abnormal amount of hair on the Rhyncaphytoptus platani K. (37-1) under surfaces. This condition of the leaves is Plate 37-1 not apparent at a short distance. Whether or not it is due to the activities of the mite Rhyncaphytoptus platan1 Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. population has not been determined. 230, 1939 Type locality: Sacramento Cali fornia record : Type host; Platanus sp., a hybrid street tree, Or ien ta 1 plane '' SACRAMENTO 0.: Sacramento, VIII-8-1939 (HHK) Additional host: Platanus racemosa Nutt., sycamore Rhyzzacaphytoptus ficifoliae K. (37-7) Common name: Big-baked sycamore mite Plate 37-7 Helation to host: The mites are under surface leaf vagrants. They are said to cause leaf Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae Keifer, Ba)A V. 28, p. brming. 150, 1939 Type locality: Sacremento California records: Type host: Ficus sp. (caricaL.?), fig, both black ALAMEDA CO. : krkeley, VTII-19-1942 and white (R. H. Smith) LOS ANGELS CO. : Los hgeles, VII-1941 Comnon name: Big-beaked fig leaf mite (?3. Relation to host: The mites live among the hair on H. Smith) RIEfsIDE CO. : Riverside, XI-19-1941 the under surfaces of the leaves. (L. D. Bechelor) California records : SA(RAMENM CO.: Sacramento, VTI-22-1938 SACRAMIWTO CO.: Sacramento, M-7-1938 (HHK) (HHK) SAN JOAQUIN CO.: Stockton, X-26-1943 VE"IUFU\ CO.: Fillmore, VIII-30-1940 (HHK) (Griswold) SCLANO CO. : Fairfield, VIII-26-1939 (HHK) Rhyncaphytoptus salicifoliae K. (37-5) Rhyizacaphytoptus megarostris (K.) (37-2) Plate 37-5 Plate 37-2 Rhyncaphytoptus salicifoliae Keifer, BCDA V. 28, Phyllocoptes megarostris Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. p. 230, 1939 305, 1938 Type locality: Emigrant Gap Type locality: Ojai Type host: Salk sitchensis angustifolia Ekbb. Type host: Qercus lobata Nee, Valley White oak Relation to host: The mites are under surface leaf Helation to host: The mites are free-living on vagrants, The species is deuterogynous. the under sides of the leaves. Discussion: As in some of the other species of California record: this type of mite, the younger forms tear pul- PLACER CO.: Emigrant Gap district, M-20-1938 verulent wax. Their cast skins leave white (HHK 1 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 59

on the leaves promptly died, and it was nec- Rhyncaphytoptus spinifera K. (37-4) essary to use seedlings from the seeds of Plate 37-4 trees which harbored the mite before it was possible to rear cultures of ulmivagrans. Keifer, 28, p. Rhyncaphytoptus spinifera BOA V. The deutogyne of ulmiuagrms is remarkable in 230, 1939 having a broad flat beck; that is, the edges Type locality: Fred's Place above Hiverton of the tergites are transversely straight for Type host: Newb., black Qercus kelloggii oak about 2/3 of the aMomina1 length. "his would Relation to host: The mites are under surface leaf be a good generic character, and is totally vagrants unlike the evenly curved back of the protogyne. Rhyncaphytoptus fagifoliae K., on beech in California records: Virginia, may possibly be a close relative of EL DOMW CO.: Fred's Place, VIII-24-1938 ulmiuagrans since a deutogyne collected on (HHK) beech in Virginia is almost identical in form NEVADA Grass Valley district, VII-26- CO.: to the deutogyne of ulmivagrans. 1940 (HHK) It might eventually be possible to use this remarkable deutogyne in a generic sense, and Rhyncaphytoptus strigutus IS. (37-3) resurrect Abacoptes. The life history of this elm mite, Plate 37-3 ulmiuagrans, is unusual, due to the influence of deuterogyny. The deutogynes hibernate along the twigs, their Rhyncaphytoptus strigatus Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. flat backs being their protection. They are 228, 1939 slow to break hibernation in the spring and no Type locality: Davis appreciable population of this mite develops on Type host: Acer negundo californicum Sarg., box- the leaves much before the middle of June. The elder mites then flourish until the middle of August, Relation to host: The mites are free-living on the when the full energy of the species is used up under sides of the leaves in the production of deutogynes. The mites then disappear for the season, having been able to California record : utilize less than half the leaf period of their YOLO CO.: LX-24-1938 (HHK) host .

Rhyncaphytoptm ulmivagram K. (37-6) California records : Plate 37-6; 37-6d ALAMEDA CO : Piedmont, VI-30-1941 (F. B. Herbert) SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VI-26-1939 (HHK) Rhyncaphytoptus ulmivagrans Keifer, BCDA V. 28, p. 420, 1939 Abacoptes platynus Keifer, BUM V. 28 P. 491, 1939 (the deutogyne 1 Genus 38. Rhynacus Keifer, 1951 Rhyncaphytoptus rugatus Liro, Ann. Zool. SOC.zoo- bot. Fen. Vanamo V. 8, p. 45, 1941 (the hl. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 40, p. 98, 1951 deutogyne, Finland) Type of genus: Rhynacus arctostaphyzi (K.) Type locality: Sacramento Type host: Ulms campestris L., elm Rbyrzacrss abronius (K.) (38-2) Additional host: Ulm pumila L., Asiatic elm Plate 38-2 Helation to host: The mites are free-living on the underside of the leaves. No damage has ever Diptilomiopus abrmius Keifer, BcaA V. 28, p. 492, been observed. 1939 Discussion: That this species was brought to Cal- Type locality: San Francisco ifornia on its host is shown by the European Type host: Rubus uitifolius as.,native blackberry record in Finland. helation to host: The mites live among the hairs Not all elm will support this mite. The on the under sides of the leaves. writer attempted to rear these mites on seedling trees from large-leaf European elm- Ca 1i fornia records : type trees which never had a population of SAN FRANCISCO00, : San Francisco, VIIT-20- this mite. In all cases the mites in the cells 1939 (HHK) 60 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

SAN MATW CO. : Tunitas Canyon, XI-22-1940 Wiss. mth-nat. Wien, v. 29, p. 191, 1892 (W. H. Lnge) Epitrimerus gigantorhynchus (Nal. 1, Denks. Akad. SONOMA CD.: Duncan's Mills, M-4-1951 (HHK) Wiss. niath-nat, Wien, V. 64, p. 392, 1896 Diptilomiopus prunorutn Keifer, B(DA V. 28, p. 149, 1939 Rhynacus arctostaphyli (K.) (38-1) Rhyncaphytoptus gigantorhynchus pal. 1 Liro, Ann. Plate 38-1 Zool. SOC.zool-bot. Fen. Vanamo, V. 9, p. 40, 1943 Diptilomiopus arctostaphyli Keifer, BCDA V. 27, p. Tv~e,- localitv: Austria 305, 1938 Type host: Prunus domestica L., prune Type locality: hilt. Tanialpais Additional hosts: Amygdalus persica L., peach; Type host: Arctostaphylos sp., manzanita Prunus sp., plum; Rubus vitifolius as., black- helation to host: The mites live on the under berry; Prunus trilobus Lindl., fluwering al- sides of the second year leaves where the nat- mond; Vitis californica Benth., native grape ural viscidity has largely disappeared. Comnon name: Big-beaked plum mite Relation to host: ?he mites are vagrants on the California record: under sides of the leaves. They my develope in MARIN CO. : Mt. Tanialpais, south-west ridge, considerable numbers as the season advances, VII-4-1938 (HHK) but they do not seem to cause much injury to their hosts in spite of the big beak. The spe- cies appears to have a functional deutcgyne, Genus 39. Diptacus Keif er, 195 1 but there is no structural indication of it. The deutogynes hibernate in bark crevices. Bul. Cal. Dept. Agr. V. 40, p. 99, 1951 Discussion: The short dorsal setae niake this spe- Type of genus: Diptacus sacramentae (K.) cies rather anomalous in Diptacus. Nalepa originally indicated the featherclaw Diptacus calicoryli (K.) (39-3) of gigantorhynchus as 2-rayed. After deter- Plate 39-3 mining that the California forms had a 5-rayed divided featherclaw, the writer described them Diptilomiopus calicoryli Keifer, BCDA V. 32, p. as a new species. Recently the writer sent Cal- 216, 1943 ifornia specimens to Dr. Roivainen, in Finland, Type locality: Sacramento and he states that the European mites also Type host: Corylus rostrata californica A., have this 5-rayed divided featherclaw. The haze hut above indicated synonymy should therefore be Relation to host: The mites are vagrants on the correct. under surfaces of the leaves. Discussion: 'Zhese mites develope a considerable 6.li f orn ia records : amount of white flocculent wax so that they EL WRADO CO. : Placerville, M-16-1940 appear to be either smll mealybugs or mealy- (F. B. Herbert) bug debris. The shrubs from which the type KERN CO. : W-, XII-2-1940 (G. L. Smith) series originated grew in the south-east cor- LAKE CO.: Kelseyville, VIII-15-1939 ner of Capitol Park. These plants have now (S. Lockwood) been removed and the nearest location to Sc- PIAm CO. : Auburn, M-16-1938 ramento where this mite nuw occurs is 75 to SACRAMENTO CO. : Sacramento, VIT-26-1938 (HHK) 100 miles west. SANTA CLARA CO.:' Gilroy, VII-10-1940 (A. W. Apple) California records: =ITER CO. : Tudor, VIII-20-1942 SACRAMEWIU CO. : Sacramento, VII-29-1943 (HHK) VENTURA CO. : Santa Faula, VIII-31-1940 (HHK) SANTA CRUZ CO.: Laurel district, VI-24-1942 WHK ) Diptacus sucrameiztue (K.) (39-2) SONMA CO. : camp hkeker, M-6-1951 (HHK) Plate 39-2

Diptacus gigant orbyizcbtls (Nal.) (39- 1) Diptilomiopus sacramentae Keifer, BcaA V. 28, p. Plate 39-1 232, 1939 Type locality: Sacramento Phy I locoptes gigantorhynchus Nalepa, Anz. Akad. Type host: Alnus rhornbifolia Nutt., white alder BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY 61

Additional host: Alms tenuifolia Nutt., mountain have recently been removed, including this al- a lder der tree. Helation to host: The mites are under surface leaf The relationship that this mite bears to the vagrants. Their white flocculent wax makes them European dipterochelus Nal. should be inves- appear very siailar to D. calicoryli. tigated. Our California species ranges from Discussion: The species is deuterogynous, and the about sea level to over 7000 feet elevation. figure is of the deutogyne. The back of the protogyne is covered with a mass of waxy California records: strands. In the case of the deutogyne the wax EL WRAm CO.: Fallen Leaf Lake, M-13-1951 assumes a regular pattern. ("K 1 ?he tree from which the original specimens NAPA a>. : chiles, VI-5-1952 (HHK) came grew in the California section of Capitol SACRAMMTO CO. : Sacramento, X-31-1938 (HHK); Fark. Many of these native shrubs and trees Folsm, VIII-18-1951 (HHK) Bibliography

Ashad, W. F. Keifer, H. H. 1879. Orange Hust &stion Solved. Canadian 1939. Eriophyid Studies V. Bul. Cal. Dept. Entomologist, 11: 160. As., 28: 328-45. Bailey, S. F. and Keifer, H. H. Keifer, H. M. 1943. The Tomato Russett Mite. Jour. Ec. Ent., 1939. Eriophyid Studies VI. tpul. Cal. Qpt. 36: 706-712 Am., 28~416-26. Ebker, E. W. and Wharton, G. VI'. Keifer, HT H. 1952. An Introduction to Acarology. LcMillan 1939. Eriophyid Studies MI. Bul. Cal. Dept. CO. 465 pp. As. , 28: 484-505. (Eriophyidae,pp. 147- 158) Keifer, H. H. Banks, N. 1940. Eriophyid Stdies -11. €3111. 61. Dept. 1905. A Treatise on the Acarina or Mites. hoc. Ap., 29:21-46.

U. S. N. Mus., 28:lOl-106. Keifer.-~ ~~ H. H. Banks, N. 194. Eriophyid Studies M. Bul. Cal. Dept. 1905. Cecidobia salicicola, new genus and spe- Agr., 29: 112-117. cies. Proc. Ent. SOC. kash., 7:141-2. Keifer, H. H. Banks, N. 1940. Eriophyid Studies X. Bul. Cal. Dept. 1907. A Catalog of the Acarina or Mites of the Agr. , 29: 160- 79. United States. Roc. U. S. N. Mus., 32: Keifer, H. H. 620-2 1. 1941. Eriophyid Studies XI. wI1. Cal. Qpt. Banks, N. Agr., 30: 196-216. 1915. 'Ihe Acarina or Mites. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Keifer, H. H. ReDort #108: 134-39. 1942. Eriophyid Studies XII. hl. Cal. bpt. ~a tche lor, 'G. S. kr., 31: 117-129. 1952. Ihe Eriophyid Mites of the State of Wash- Keifer, HY Hi ington. Washington Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. 1943. Eriophyid Studies XIII. Bul. C 1. rJept. Bul. #ti, April. Ap., 32~212-222. heaky, E. P. and Betchelor, G. S. Keifer, H. H. 1951. Phyllody of ChrysantheRum and the Erio- 1944. Eriophyid Studies XIV. &1. & . aept. phyid mite, Paraphytoptus chrysantheri. As., 33: 18-36. Arm. Ent. soc. Am., 43:492. Keifer, H. H. Essig, E. 0. 1945. Eriophyid Studies XV. Bul. Cal Dept. 1926. Insects of Western . Mac- Am.. 34: 137-40. Millan GI.1035 DD. Keifer, Hu HI (Eriophyidae pp.' i3-50) 1946. Eriophyid Studies XVI. wI1. Cal. Dept. Felt. E. P. Am., 35:39-48. 1b. Eriophyes fraziniflora n. sp. Mem. #8, Keifer, HT Hi N. Y. State Mus., 2:633. 1946. A heview of North American Eriophyid Mites. Hassan, Ahmed S. Jour. Ec. Ent., 39:563-70. 1928. Biology of the Eriophyidae. U. C. publ. Keifer, H. H.

in Ent. ~ 4:341-394. 1951. Eriophyid Studies MI. h1. Cal. Dept. Hodgkiss, H. E. Agr., 40:93-104. 1930. Eriophyidae of Neat York: Ihe Maple Mites. Keifer, H. H. Y. EXD. Sta. Tech. Bul. #163. N. Aer.0 1952. Eriophyid Studies XVIII. hl. Cal. bpt. Keifer, H. H. k..41~31-42. 1938. Eriophyid Studies. hl. Cal. Dept. Agr., Keifer, HT Hi 27: 181-206. 1952. Eriophyid Studies XM. hl. Cal. Ikpt. Keifer, H. H. ~g.,-4i: 65-74. 1938. Eriophyid Studies 11. Bul. Cal. kpt. Leonard, M. D. Agr. , 27~301-323. 1926. A List of Insects of New York (Eriophyid Keifer, H. H. section). Cornel1 Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. 1939. Eriophyid Studies 111. Bul. Cal. Dept. Mem. # 101:1076-78. Agr., 28: 144-162. Liro, J. I. and Roivainen. H. Keifer, H. Hi 1951. Eriophyidae (of Finland, in Finnish). 1939. Eriophyid Studies IV. Ehl. Cal. Dept. Animalia Fennica 6,Helsinki. 281 pp- Agr., 28:223-39.

62 0 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 63

Nalepa, A. Putman, I.L. 1890. Zur Systematic der Gdllmilben. Sitzb. Akad. 1939. The Plum Nursery Mite. Seventh Annual Hpt. Wiss. math-nat. Wien, 89:23. Ent. SOC. &It. p. 33. Kalepa, A. Hoivainen, H. 1898. Acarina: Eriophyidae. Das Tierreich, 1951. Contribution to the hwledge of the Fourth Issue. Eriophyids of Finland. Acta Ent. Fen. Kalepa, A. #8:28. 1910. Gallmilben. Zoologica, Stuttgart, Heft 61. Hyder, John A. Kalepa, A. 1878. A Protable new species of Fhytoptus or 1923. Polymorphe Eriophyiden. Marcellia, 20: 87. Gallmite. Amrican Naturalist, 13:704-5. Kalepa, A. Smith, L. M. and Stafford, E. M. 1925. Zur Kenntnis der auf einheimischen 1948. The awimite and the Erineum Mite of Grapes. Pomacean und Amygdalen lebenden Eriophyes- Hilgardia (U. C. Berkeley), 18: 317-34. arten. Marcellia, 22:62. Snodgrass, ti. E. Nalepa, A. 1948. 'Ihe Feeding Organs of the Arachnida, in- 1929. Neuer Katalog der bisher beschriebenen cluding Mites and . Smiths. Misc. Gallmilben, ihrer Gallen und Wirtspflantzen. Gill. 110: $10 Marcellia, 25: 67.

i #

Host Index

Abies concolor (Pinaceae), 5 Ceanothus velutinus (Rhamnaceae), 5, Abies mgnifica (Piclaceae) , 5 Cedrus atlantica elauca (Finaceae), 5 Acer glabrum (Aceracae), 9 Celery, see Apium- Acer mcrophyllwn (Aceraceae) , 9 Cercis occidentalis (J..eguminosae .8 Acer negundo californicum (Aceraceae), 9 Cercocarpus ledifolius (Pasaceae ,7 Aesculus californicus (Hippastanaceae), 9 Chaparral broan, see Baccharis Alder, see Alnus Cherry, see Prunus Al fa1 fa, see hkdicago Christmas terry, see Photinia 4llenrolfea occidentalis (Chenapodiaceae), 7 Chrysanthemum sp. fConpositae), 0 Allium satinun (), 5 Chrysopsis oregana (Compos itae 1, 10 Allium cepa (Liliaceae), 5 Cinnaminnum camphora (Lauraceae) , 7 Almond, see Pmygdalus Citrus limonia (ttutaceae) , R Alnus rhdifolia (Betulaceae), 6 Citrus sinensis (riutaceae), 8 Alnus rubra (ktulaceae), 6 Coffee berrv.,e see Ehamnus Alnus tenuifolia (Hetulaceae), 6 Cornus californica (Cornaceae), 9 Aloe spinossissima (Liliaceae), 6 Cornus glabrata (Lornaceae), Q Ambrosia psilostachya (Conpositae), 10 (,ornus nuttalli (Cornaceae), 0 Amelanchier alnifolia (Hosaceae) , 7 Corylus avellana (ktulaceae), 6 Amygdalus cmnis (Hosaceae), 7 Corylus rostrata californica (betulaceae), 6 Amygdalus persica (!?osaceae), 7 Cottonwood, see Fopulus Andropogon sp. (Graminae), 5 Cotyledon caespitosa (Crassulaceae) , 7 Apium graviolens (Ihnbelliferae), 9 Crataegus sp. thasaceae) , 7 Apple, %us Creosote bush, see Larrea Arbutus menziesii (Ericaceal 1, 10 Cupressus macnabiana (Cupressaceae) , 5 Arbutus unido (Ericaceae), ,O Cupressus macrocarpa (Cupressaceae) , 5 Arceuthobium campylopodium (Loranthaceae) , ? Cupressus sargentii (Cupressaceae) , 5 Arctostaphylos spp. (Lricaeae), 10 Cupressus semprvirens (Cupressaceae) , 5 Artemisia californica (Conpositae), 10 Currant, see t--ibes Artemisia dracunculus (Compositae), 10 Cynara scolymus (Cmpositae), 11 Artemisia heterophylla (Compositae), 10 Cypress, see Cupressus Artichoke, see Cynara lhucus carota Kmbelliferae), 9 Ash, see Fraxinus ljesert peach, see rrunus Avocado, see Persica Dianthus sp. (Caryophyllaceae) , 7 Azalea, see Hhododendron Diospyros kaki (Fbenaceae), 1@ Baccharis emoryi (Compositae), 10 lbgwood, see Cornus kccharis glutinosa (Conpositae), 10 Douglas fir, see Pseudotsuga f'accharis pilularis (Compositae), 10 Elder, see Samhucus baccharis viminea (Canpositae), 10 Elm, see Ulmus Fald Cypress, see Taxodium L'lymus triticoides (Gramhael, 5 Rarberry, see hrleris Fmcelia californica (Compositae), 11 Berberis californica (Ekrberidaceae), 7 Ericamria ericoides (Canfositae) , 11 Bitter cherry, see F'runus Ericameria pinifolia (Conpositae), 11 blackberry, see Rubus Eriobotrya japonica (tbsaceae), 7 Haxelder, see Acer Eriodictyon crassifolium (Ifydrophyllac;eae), 10 Boxwood, see bus Lriophyllwn staechadifoliwn (Canpositae), 11 Boysenberry, see hubus Euonymus sp. (Celas traceae) , 9 Bracken , see F'teris False heather, see Ericameria t?rickellia californica (Compositae), 10 Feijoa sellwiana (Myrtaceae), 9 hckeye, see Aesculus Ficus sp. (hloraceae) , 7 Buxus sempervirens (Hotaceae), 8 Filbert, see Corylus Cactus, see Opuntia Fir, see Abies California laurel, see Unbellularia Flannel bush, see Fremontia Camellia japonica ("heaceae), 9 Flwering almnd, see Frunus Camphor, see Cinmmmomum Fraxinus dipetala (Oleaceae) , 10 Carex barbarae (Cyperaceae 1, 5 Fraxinus oregona (Oleaceae), 10 Carnation, see Dianthus Fremontia californica (Sterculiaceae) , 9 Carrot, see hucus Garlic, see Allium Ceanothus cordula tus (Hhamnaceae ) , 9 Grape , see Vitis Ceanothus cuneatus (Phamnaceae) , 9 Haplopappus venetus (Canpositae), 11 64 45 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA

Hazelnut, see Corylus Finus pinea (Pinaceae), 5 Hawthorne, see Crataegus Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) , 5 Hedera helix (Araliaceae), 9 Pinus radiata (Pinaceae), 5 Hemlock, see Tsuga Pinus sabiniana (Pinaceae) , 5 Heterotheca grandiflora (Corrpositae), 11 Pinus torreyana (Pinaceae), 5 Holly, see Ilex Pinus tuberculata (Pinaceae), 5 Hop tree, see Ptelea Flatanus racemosa (Platanaceae) , 7 Ilex aquifolium (Pquifoliaceae), 9 Platanus sp. (Platanaceae), 7 Incense cedar, see Libocedrus Pluchea sericea (Compositae), 11 Jodine bush, see Allenrolfea Poison oak, see %us Ivy, see Hedera Pegranate, see Punica Juglans californica (Juglandaceae 1, 6 Populus fremontii (Salicaceae), 6 Juglans hindsii (Jugldaceae1, 6 Fotato, see Solanum Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), 6 Privet, see Ligustrum Juniperus californicus (Cupressaceae) , 5 Frosopis juliflora glandulosa (Leguminosae), 8 Juniperus chinensis procumbens (Cupressaceae) , 5 Runus andersoni (Rosaceae), 7 Jujube, see Zizyphus Prunus avium (Rosaceae), 8 Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) , 8 Prunus domestics (Rosaceae), 8 Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae), 7 Prunus emarginata (Rosaceae), 8 Lemon, see Citrus Prunus ilicifolia (Rosaceae), 8 Lepidospartm squarnatum ((bpositae), 11 Prunus triloba (Hasaceae), 8 Libocedrus decurrens (Cupressaceae) , 5 bussp. (Rosaceae), 1 Jigustrum ovalifolium (Oleaceae), 10 Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Pinaceae) , 5 Linden, see Tilia Ptelea baldwinii crenulata (Hutaceae), P Loquat, see Eriobotrya Pteris aquilina lanuginosa (Polypodiaceae) , 5 Lupinus albifrons (Leguminosae), 8 Punica granatum (Punicaceae), 9 Lycopersicum esculentum (Solanaceae), 10 Pyrus connunis (Rosaceae), 8 Medrone, see Arbutus Pyrus malus (Hosaceae), 8 Magnolia fraseri (Magnoliaceae) , 7 krcus agrifolia (Fagaceae), 6 Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) , 7 Quercus chrysole is (Fagaceae) , 6 MBhogany, see Cercocarpus @emus durata ( P'agaceae), 6 Manzanita, see Arctostaphylos Quercus kelloggii (Fagaceae), 6 Maple, see Acer Quercus lobata (Fapceae), 6 Medicago sativa (Leguminosae), 8 (&era vaccinifolia (Fagaceae), 6 hksquite, see Rosopis Quercus wislizenii (Fagaceae) , 6 Mistletoe (pine tree), see Arceuthobium Ragweed, see Ambrosia Mock willoar, see Pluchea Raspberry, see Rubus Morus sp. (Moraceae), 7 Redbul. see Cercis Mulberry, see Morus Rhamnus californicus Wthatrmaceae). 9 Mule fat, see Baccharis Rhamus californicus tomentella (Rhanmaceae), 9 Nectarine, see hygdalus Rhododendron occidentale (Ericaceae), 10 Nettle, see Urtica Rhus diversiloba (Anacardiaceae), 8 Nightshade, see Solanum Ribes nevadense (Saxifragaceae), 7 Nolina parryi (Liliaceae), 6 Rosa californica (Hosaceae) , 8 Nothofagus menziesii (Fagaceae) , 6 Rosa sp. (Hosaceae), 8 Olea europa (Oleaceae). 10 Rub parviflorus (Rosaceae), 8 Olive, see Olea Rubus thyrsantus (Rosaceae), 8 hion, see Allium Rubus vitifolius (Rosaceae), 8 Opuntia sp. (Cactaceae), 9 Rqbs spp. (Rosaceae), 8 Oak, see Quercus Sage, see Salvia Orange, see Citrus Sagehsh, see Artemisia Palm, see Phoenix and Trachycarp Salicornia sp. (Chenopodiaceae) , 7 Pea chaparral, see Pickeringia Salk babylonica (Salicaceae) , 6 Peach, see Amygdalus Salk hindsiana (Salicaceae). 6 Pear, see bus Salk laevigata (Salicaceae), 6 Persea amricana (Lauraceae) , 7 Salk lasiolepis (Salicaceae), 6 Persimnon, see Diospyros Salk sitchensis angustifolia (Salicaceae), 6 Petunia sp. (Solanaceae), 10 Salvia apiana (Labiateael. 10 Phoenix dactylifera (Wlmaceae) , 5 Salvia leucophylla (Labiateael, 10 Photinia arbutifolia (Rosaceae), 7 Sambmus glauca (Caprifoliaceae) 10 Physalis ixocarpa (Solanaceae), 10 Service berry, see Amelanchier Pickeringia montana (hguminosae 1, 8 Snuwball, see Viburnum Pine tree mistletoe, see Arceuthobium Snwbexry, see Symphoricarpos Pinus jeffreyi (Pinaceae), 5 Solanum douglasii (Solanaceae), 10 Pinus muricata (Pinaceae), 5 Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae), 10 Pinus murrayana (Pinaceae), 5 Spireae densiflora (Rosaceae) , 8 66 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Stonecrop, see Cotyledon Ulmus campestris (Ulmaceae). 7 Strawhrry tree, see Arbutus Ulmus punila (Ulmaceae), 7 Sycamore, see Platanus bbellularia californica (Lauraceae), 7 Symphoricarpos albus (Caprifoliaceae), 10 Urtica gracilis holosericea (Urticaceae) , 7 Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae), 9 Viburnum opulus (Caprifoliaceae) , 10 Taxodium distichum (Taxodiaceae) 5 Vitis cal ifornicus (Vitaceae 1, 9 lelegraph weed, see lkterotheca \itis vinifera (Vitaceae), 9 Thimbleberry, see fkhs Walnut, see Juglans Tilia sp. (Tiliaceae), 9 Willowl see Salix Tomato, see Lycopersicum Wisteria sp. (Leguminosae), 8 Toyon, see Photinia Wornwood, see Artemisia Trachycarpus excelsa (Palmaceae), 5 Wyethia sp. (Conpositae), 11 Tsuga mrtensiana (Pinaceae), 5 Zizyphus satins (Hhamnaceae) , 9 Tulipa sp. (Liliaceae), 6 List of Common Names”

Alder gall mite - Eriophyes laevis (Nal.), 37 Fig Mite (approved) - Aceria ficus (Cotte), 28 Aloe wart mite -Aceria aloinis (K.), 23 Filbert bud mite (approved) - Phytoptus auellanae Apple rust mite (approved) - Vasates schiectendali Nal., 38 (Nal.) (see V. nalivagrans), 46 binrust mite (approved) - Abacarus hystrix Artichoke .leaf-hair mite -Aceria ncocynarae (K. ), (ha1.1, 48 31 Grape erineum mite (approved) - Eriophyes uitis Avocado bud mite - Tegonotus myersi (K.), 49 (Pgst.), 38 Haccharis gall mite -Aceria baccharices K., 24 Grape rust mite - Calepitrirerus uitis (Nal.), 5: bile ‘s apple rust mite - Calepitrirerus baileyi Ivy bud mite - Phytoptus hedericola K., 21 f:, 56 Linden gall mite - Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.), 38 big-beaked elm mite -Rhyncaphytoptus ulrivagrans Magnolia leaf-hair mite - Vasates ragnolivora K., 59 W.), 46 big-beaked fig mite -Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae Olive leaf mite - Oxypleurites uutpelli K., 40 K., 58 Peach silver mite (approved) - Vasates cornutus Itrig-beaked plum mite --Diptams gigantorhynchus (Eanks), 43 {Na1.lD 60 Pear leaf blister mite (approved) - Eriophyes pyri Big-beaked sycalmre mite -Rhyncaphytoptus platani (Pgst.), 37 K., 58 Fear rust mite (appraved) - Epitrirerus pyri bitter cherry gall mite -Eriophyes emarginatae K., (Nal.), 55 36 Persinmon bud mite - Aceria diospyri K., 26 Plackberry leaf mite (approved) -PhyZlocoptes Fine bud mite (approved) - Trisetacus pini (Nal.), gracilis mal.), 52 20 Black walnut purse-gall mite -Aceria brachytarsus Flum nursery mite - Vasates fockeui (N&T), 45 W.1, 24 Pomegranate leafroll mite - Aceria grmati (GM), Hoysenberry bud mite - Aceria orthoatera K., 31 29 Camellia bud mite -Aceria camelliae K., 26 Privet bud mite - Aceria ligustri (K.), 30 Carrot bud mite - Aceria peucedani (C.), 32 Privet rust mite - Vasates Zigustri (K.), 45 Celery rust mite - Vasates eurynotus (Nal.), 44 Furple camellia mite - Lalacarus adornatus (K.1, Chrysanthemun semi-bud mite - Paraphytoptus chrys- 41 mtheri K.. 35 Redberry mite (approved) - Aceria essigi (Hassan), Citrus bud mite (approved) - Aceria sheldani 32 (Ewing), 33 Rose rust mite -Callyntrotus schlectendali Nal., Citrus rust mite (approved) - Phyllocoptruta 53 oleivorus (Ashm.), 53 Tomato russet mite (approved) - Vasates destructor Date palm bud mite -Mackiella phoenicis K., 22 (K.1, 44 Ijry-bulb mite - Aceria tulipae (K.1, 33 Walnut blister mite (approved) - Aceria erineus Elderberry rust mite --Epitrinerus trilobus (Nal. ), (Nal.), 27 55 Walnut rust mite -- Oxypleurites juglandis K., 40 Euonymus bud mite - Eriophyes convolvens (Nal.), Yellow camellia Nst mite - Acaphylla steinwedent 36 K., 50

‘NOTE: ?he cormon names which have been approved by the American Association.of Economic Entomologists bear the word ” approved” in parenthesis after than. The other names are mainly those proposed by myself which are listed in the text under the treatment of each species. 67 Index to Genera, Species, and Higher Categories

&acarus (201, 16, 18, 48 calirubi (25-71, Fhyllocoptes, 8, 18, 51 Abacoptes (371, 59 calisalicis (25-11, Phyllocoptes, 6, 18, 51 abaenus (25-31, Phyllocoptes, 8, 18, 51 Callyntrotus (311, 16, 53 abalis (9-361, Aceria, 10, 14, 23 calulmi (17-11, Vasates, 7, 17, 43 abietis (32-41, Epitrimrus, 5, 19, 54 camlliae (9-11, Aceria, 9, 12, 20 abnormis , Phytoptus, 38 calllphorae (18-11, Gamaphytoptus, 7, 16, 48 abronius (38-21, khynacp, 8, 19, 59 canestrinii (11-161, Eriophyes, 8, 15, 36 acalyptus (20-21, Abacarus, 9, 18, 48 caricis (11-141, Eriophyes, 5, 15, 36 Acamina (341, 16, 57 cariniferus (33-51, Galepitrimerus, 10, 19, 56 Acaphylla (241, 16, 5C carpini, Phyllocoptes, 51 Acarelliptus (271, 16, 52 ceanothi (9-261, Aceria, 9, 13, 26 Acaricalus (231, 16, 18, 50 Cecidobia, 22 Aceria (91, 12, 23 Cecidophyes (81, 12, 22 acidotus (13-E), (hrypleurites, 10, 17, 39 cedri (25-51, Fhyllocoptes, 5, 18, 51 acilius (37-81, Hhyncaphytoptus, 6, 19, 58 cercocarpi (19-11, Tetra, 7, 18, 48 adalius (25-21, Fhyllocoptes, 8, 18, 51 chrysanthemi (10-41, Paraphytoptus, 10, 14, 35 adornatus (15-2). &lacarus, 9, 10, 17, 41 chrysopsis (9-23). Aceria, 10, 13, 26 advens, Vasates 43 cocciformis, Acarelliptus, 52 aesculifoliae (13-71, Oxypleurites, 9, 17, 39 COncava ( 19-21, Tetra 7, 18, 48 allenrolfeae (9-43.11, Aceria, 7, 14, 23 convolvens (ll-l2), Eriophyes, Q, 15, 36 alnivagrans (5-11, Sierraphytoptus, 0, 12, 21, 22 Cbptophylla (141, 15, 17, 41 aloinis (9-461, Aceria, 6, 14, 23 cornifoliae (13-81, Oxypleurites, 9, 17, 40 ambrosiae (17-101, Vasates, 10, 17, 43 corniseminis (3-2), Phytoptus, 9, 11. 21 amiculus (9-81, Aceria 6, 12, 24 cornutus (17-18)! Vasates, 7, le, 43, 45 amygdalins, (Vasates ?), 43 cotyledonis (17-9), Vasates, 7, 17, 43 anatis, (33-3), Calepitrimerus, 7, 19, 50 Cupacarus (281, 16, 52 Anchiphytoptus (41, 11, 21 cupressi (32-51, Epitrimerus, 5, 19, 54 andropogonis (33-21, Calepitrinerus, 5, 19, 56 cupressi (1-21, Trisetacus, 5, 11, 20 aphrastus (33-41, Gilepitrkrus, 56 ppressifoliae (32-7). Epitrimrus, 5, 19, 54 Anthocoptes (161, 15, 17, 42 cuprifestor (28-1). Cupacarus, 5, 16, 52 arbuti (14-2), Coptophylla, 10, 17, 41 depressus (13-11, &ypleurites, 6, 16, 40 arceuthobii (10-1. 11, Faraphytoptus, 7, 14, 34 destructor (17-141, Vasates, lo, 17, 44 arctastaphyli (38-11, Hhynacus, 10, 19, 59, 60 dimorph (25-41, Fhyllocoptes, 2, 5, 18, 51 armtus (33-71, (alepitrimerus, 7, 19, 56 diaspyri (9-311, Aceria, 10, 13, 2€ Asetacus (351, 19, 57 Diptacus (391, 19, 60 avellanae (3-1), Phytoptus, 6,. 11, 21, 38 dipterochelus I Eiptacus, 61 baccharices (9-371, Aceria, 10, 14, 24 Diptilaniopini, 15, 19, 57 baccharis (l3-5), Ocypleurites, 10, 17, 40 Diptilomiopus, 59, 60 Laileyi (33-4). Calepitrimrus, 8, 19, 56 dracunculi (9-161, Aceria, 10, 13, 27 beevori (9-381, Aceria, 11. 14, 24 dubius, Vasates. 46 boycei (9-22). Aceria, 10, 13, 24 ednae (7-11, Naleplla. 5, 12, 22 Lrachytarsus (9-71, Aceria, 2, 6, 12, 24 emarginatae (11-4). Eriophyes, 8, 15, 36, 37, 38 breechii (11-61, Eriophyes, 8, 15, 35 enceliae (9-141, Aceria, 11. 13, 27 brevitarsus (9-71, Aceria, 24 Epitrirnerus (32). 16, 18, 54 brickelliae (10-11, Faraphytoptus, 10, 14, 34 ericameriella (16-4), Anthocoptes, 11, 17, 42 cactorum (9-21, Aceria, 9, 12, 25 erineus (9-3). Aceria, 6, 12, 27 Calacarus (151, 15, 17, 41 eriobotryae (9-301, Aceria, 7, 13, 27 calaceris (9-91, Aceria. 9, 12, 25 eriodictyonis (9-24.1). Aceria, 10, 13, 27 Calepitrimrus (33) 16, 19, 56 Eriophyes (ll), 12, 14, 35 calibaccharis (9-401, Aceria, 10, 14, 25 Eriophyinae, 11, 12, 22 caliberberis (9-25.11, Aceria, 7, 13, 26 essigi (9-101, Aceria, 8, 12, 28, 32, 52 calicoryli (39-31, Diptacus, 6, 19, (io eurynotus (17-131, Vasates. 9, 17, 44 californicus (10-61, Faraphytoptus, 10, 14, 34 fagifoliae, Hhyncaphytoptus 59 califraxini (21-21, Tegmotus, 10, 18, 49 fastigatus, Tegonotus, 49 calilupini (9-4131, Aceria, 8, 14, 26 feijoae (9-321, Aceria, 9, 13, 28 Caliphytoptus (20). 16, 52 ficifoliae (37-71, Rhyncaphytoptus, 7, 19, 58 caliplucheae (10-8). Faraphytoptus, 11, 14, 35 fici, Aceria, 28 caliquerci (14-31, Coptophylla, 6. 17, 41 ficus (9-271. Aceria, 7, 13, 28 68 THE ERIOPHYID MITES OF CALIFORNIA 69 fockeui (17-191, Vasates, 8, 18, 45 occidentalis (27-l), Acarelliptus, 6, 16, 52 fraxini, Aceria, 2P oleivorus (29-1), Fhyllocoptruta, 8, 16, 52, 53 fraxiniflora, Aceria, 28 orthornera (9-11), Aceria, 8, 12, 28, 31, 32 fraxinivorus (9-19), Aceria, 10, 13, 28 Oxypleurites (13), 15, 16, 39 frernontiae (12-1), Pareria, 9, 12, 39 padi, Eriophyes , 36 fructiphilus (25-61, Fhyllocoptes, 8, 18, 51 paracalifornica (9-131, ikeria, 10, 13, 32 galii, Cecidophyes, 22 paracornutus ( 17- 181, Vasates, 43 Gamnaphytoptus (181, 16, 48 paradianthi (9-45.11, Aceria, 7, 14, 32 getmicola, Epitrimerus, 54 paradoxus, Paraph toptus, 34 gigantorhynchus (39-1). Diptacus, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, paraglabri (17-20T, Vasates, 9, 18, 46 60 paramckiei (9-5). Aceria, 6, 12, 32 ParaDhYtODtus (10). 12. 14. 34 glabratae (13-91, Cxypleurites, 9, 17, 40 I. glabri (17-231, Vasates, 9, 18, 45, 47 par&&lr (9-12),'Aceria, 4, 6, 13, 32 gracilis (25-8). Phyllocoptes, 8, 18, 52 Pareria (121, 12, 39 granati (9-201, Aceria, 9, 13, 29 parviflori (25-F), Fhyllocoptes, 52 haplopappi (9-421, Aceria, 11, 14, 29 wucedani (9-21). Aceria. 9. 13. 32 hederae (23-21, Acaricalus, 9, 18, 50 hoenicis (6-1),.hhckielia,'5, -12, 22 hedericola (3-31, Phytoptus, 9, 11, 21 Phyllocoptes (251, 16, 18, 51 heptacanthus, Pxypleurites, 39 Phyllocoptinae, 11, 15, 30 hesperus (16-31, Anthocoptes, 9, 17, 42 Phyllocoptini, 15, 39 heteromeles (11-101, Eriophyes, 7, 15, 36 Fhyllocoptruta (291, 16, 52 heterothecae (9-241, Aceria, 11, 13, 29 Phytoptinae. 11, 20 hystrix (20-l), Abacarus, 5, 18, 48 Fhytoptus (31, 11, 21 ilicifoliae (11-81, Eriophyes, 8, 15, 36 pickeringiae (16-21, Anthocoptes, 8, 17, 42 ilicis, Aceria, 30 pini (1-11, Trisetacus, 5, 11, 20 imnigrans (17-31, Vasates, 9, 17, 45 pirifoliae (32-31, Epitrimerus, 4, 55 inaequalis (10-71, Paraphytoptus, 10, 14, 35 platani (37-11, Wyncaphytoptus, 7, 19, 58 jonesi (2-1), Stoptus, 5, 11, 20 platynus (37-61, Hhyncaphytoptus, 59 juglandis (13-4). fkypleurites, 7, 16, 40 Flatyphytoptus (301, 16, lP, 53 laevigatae (17-211, Vasates, 6, 18, 45 populi, 4 laevis (11-31, Eriophyes, 6, 15, 37 prosopis (17-21, Vasates, 8, 17, 47 lamimni (14-11, Coptophylla, 6, 17, 41 Drunandersoni (11-91, Biophves.... 8. 15. . 37 langei (9-351, Aceria, 11, 14. 29 brunorum ( 3-11, ~jiptacus&I larreae (9-47), Aceria, 8, 14, 29 pseudogallarum, Fh toptus, 21 lepidosparti (9-291, Aceria, 11, 13, 30 pseudotsugae (32-Qr, Fpitrimrus, 5, 19, 55 libocedri (3241, Epitrimerus, 5, 19, 54 pteZeae (32-21, Epitrimrus, 8, lp, 55 ligustri (9-17) Aceria, 10, 13, 30 pulviferus (lS-l), Calacarus, 6, 17, 41, 42 ligustri (17-17), Vasates, 10, 18, 45 punctidorsa (16-11, Anthocoptes, 2, 7, 17, 42 lineatus (4-11, Anchiphytoptus, 7. 11, 21 pyri (32-3), Epitrimrus, 4, 8, 19, 55 loricatus, Anthocoptes. 42 pyri (11-7), Eriophyes, 1, 8, 15, 37 mckiei (9-41, Aceria, 6, 12, 30 (juadracus (361, 19, 57 Mackiella (61, 12, 22 quadripedes, Vasates , 43 mdronae (35-11, Asetacus, 10, 19, 57 quercilobatae (26-11, Caliphytoptus, 6, 16, 52 mgnoliae (9-44). Aceria, 7, 14, 30 rhatmicola (21-31, Tegonotus , 9, lR, A9 magnolivora (17-7). Vasates, 7, 17, 46 rhanmiphagus (10-2). Paraphytoptus, 9, 14, 35 mlivagrans (17-151, Vasates, 8. 17, 46 rhamnivagrans fl7-161, Vasates, 9, 18, 47 mlpighianus, (8- 1). Cecidophyes, 7, 12, 23 rhododendronis (17-12), Vasates, lc, 17, 47 manzanitae (17-P), Vasates, 10, 17. 46 rhdifoliae, (Aceria ?), 37 mrinalni (11-31, Eriophyes, 37 Rhynacus (381, 10, 59 mrinalni (13-21, hypleurites, 6, 16, 40 Rhyncaphytoptus (37), 10, 58 maxwelli (13-31, Oxypleurites, 10, 16, 40 rugatus, hhyncaph toptus, 5Q mcgregori (10-31, Faraphytoptus. 11, 14, 35 ryderi, (Aceria ?r, 25 mckenziei (17-51, Vasates, 5, 17, 46 sabinianae (30- 1). Platyphytoptus, 5, 18, 53 mdicaginis (9-341,Aceria. 8, 13, 30 sacramentae (39-2). Diptacus, 6, 19, 60, 61 mgarostris (37-21, Rhyncaphytoptus, 6, 19, 58 salicicola, Cecidobia, 22 mori (9-33), Aceria, 7, 13. 31 salicifoliae (37-3), Hhyncaphytoptus, 6, 19, 58 multisternatus (30-2). Platyphytoptus, 5, 18, 53 salviacrinis (10-5), Paraphytoptus, 10, 14, 35 myersi (21-1), Tegonotus, 7, 18, 49 savagei (11-51, Eriophyes, 8, 15, 38 Nalepella (71, 12, 22 schlectendali (31-1), Callyntrotus, 8, 16, 53 negundella (21-51, Tegonotus, 9, 18, 49 schlecdali, Vasates, 8, 46 neoarternisiae (9-15), Aceria, 10, 13, 31 scotti (17-61, Vasates, 8, 17, 47 neocarinatus, Oxypleurites, 39 segundus (23-11, Acaricalus, 6 lP, 50 neocynarae (9-431, Aceria, 11, 14, 31 Setoptus (21, 11, 20 neoessigi (9-451, Aceria, 6, 14, 31 sheldoni (9-281, Aceria, 8, 13, 33 neosalviae (9-181, Aceria, 10, 13, 31 Sierraphytoptinae, 11, 12, 21 nolinae (34-1), Acamina, 6, 16, 57 SierraphytoptusiS), 12, 21 70 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

sierribis (32-1), Epitrimerus, 7, 18, 55 triradiatus (11-21, Eriophyes, 61 15, 313 similis, Eriophyes, 36 Trisetacus (11, 11, 20 spinifera (37-41, Rhyncaphytoptus, 6, 19, 59 tristriatus, Aceria, 25, 27 spinulifera (9-41), Aceria, 11, 14, 33 tsugae (7-21, hlejella, 5, E, 22 spiraeae (11-15). Ericphyes, 8, 15, 38 tulipae (9-49). Aceria, 5, 6, 14, 23, 33 steimvedeni (24-11, Acaphylla, 9, 16, 50 Tumescoptes (221, 16, 50 stinsonis (9-251, Aceria. 7, 13, 33 ulmivagrans (37-6). Fthyncaphytoptus, 7, 19, 59 strigatus (37-31, Hhyncaphytoptus, 9, 19, 59 umbellulariae (33-l), Calepitrimerus, 7, 19, 57 sym$oricarpi (17-41, Vasates, 10, 17, 47 urticae (36-1). Qmdracus, 57 tamalpais (17-111, Vasates, 6, 17, 47 urticarius (36-11, Quadracus, 7, 19, 57 taxodii (32-10), Epitrimerus, 5, lo, 54, 55 varius, Aceria, 31 Tegonotus (211, 16, 18, 49 Vasates, (17). 16, 17 , 42 tejonis (15-31, Calacarus. 6, 17, 42 verilicis (8-2). Cecidophyes, 9, 12, 23 Tetra (19), 16, 18, 48 vitis (33-61, Calepitriolerus, 9, 19, 57 Thanmacus (211, 49 vitis (11-l), Eriophyes, 9, 15, 35, 38 tiliae (11-111, Eriophyes, 9, 15, 38 waltheri (9-61, Aceria, 6, 12, 34 taxicophagus (17-221, Vasates, 9, lP, 47 wisteriae (11-131, Eriophyes. 8, 15, 39 trachycarpi (22-11, Turnescoptes, 5, 16, 50 wyethiae (9-391, Aceria, 11, 14, 34 triceras, Nalepella, 22 zizyphagus (21-4). Tegonotus, 9, 18, 49 trilobus (32-61, Epitrimerus, 10, 19, 55 Plate Symbols

AP - Anterior genital apodeme ~1 - Left anterior leg AP1 - Internal female genitalia LZ - Left rear leg B - Aceria beevori, Plate 9-38 LM - bft tarsus of male c - Coxae fran below LT - Tarsus, and associated structures CD - Cross-section outline of deutogyne NlD - Dorsal view of first nymph 6 - Cross-section autline of protogyne NlM - Dorsal view of anterior section of first D - Dorsal view of mite nymph t~ - Dorsal view of anterior section or shield N1S - Side view of first nymph )%) - Dorsal skin structure NlV - Ventral view of first nymph EDs - Dorsal skin structure in si& view NlVA - Ventral view of anterior section of first - Side skin structure nymph EV - Ventral skin structure N2W - Dorsal view of anterior section of second F - Featherclaw nynrph F1 - Featherclaw and tarsus N2S - Side view of second nymph fs - Frontal shield seta 0 - Egg GF - Female genitalia, ventral view R - Rast- GFl - Female genitalia and coxae from below S - Side view of adult mite GFC - Female genital coverflap SA - Side view of anterior section of mite GFD - Genitalia of deutogyne SD - Side view of deutogyne GlT - Genitalia of protogyne F@ - Side view of posterior section of mite gl - Semenile vesicles F@1 - Side view of protogyne a - Male genitalia w - Aceria uryethiae, Plate 9-39 - Male genitalia and coxae L - Left legs; also Aceria Zepidosparti on Plate 9-29

71 List of Plates

Plate A - Chart showing anatomical designations Plate 9-40. Aceria calibaccharis (K.) ['late B - Diagram of Subfamily arrangement 9-41. Aceria spinulifera (K. 1 Plate C - ?he life history of a deuterorvnous mite. 9-42. .Aceria hartlooarmi (K.1 oxyp I eur i tes aebcu I if0 I i ae (KTj 9-43. Aceria neb;cyk&e (K.) Plate 1-1. Trisetacus pini (Nal.) 9-43.1 Aceria allenrolfeae K. 1-2. Trisetacus cupressi (K. 1 9-44. Aceria magnoliae (K.) 2-1. Setoptus jonesi (K.) 9-45. Aceria neoessigi (K.) 3-1. Phytoptus avellanae K1. 9-45.1 Aceria paradianthi K. 3-2. Fhytoptus corniseminis P. 9-46. keria aloinis (K.1 3-3. Phytoptus hedericola K. 9-47. Aceria larreae (K.) 4- 1. Anchiphytoptus lineatus K. 9-48. Aceria calilupini K. 5- 1. Sierraphytoptus alnivagrans K. 9-49. Aceria tulipae (K.) 6-1. hlackiella phoenicis K. 10-1. Paraphytoptus brickelliae K. 7-1. hlepella ednae K. 10- 1.1 Paraphytoptus arceuthobii K. 7-2. Nalepella tsugae K. 10-2. Faraphytoptus rhamniphagus K. 8-1. Cecidophyes malpighianus (Kal. 1 10-3. Paraphytoptus mcgregori K. A-2. Cecidophyes verilicis (F. 1 10-4. Paraphytoptus chrysanthemi K. 9-1. Aceria camelliae K. 10-5. Paraphytoptus salviacrinis K.

9-2. Aceria cactorum (K.) 10-6. ParanhvtoDtusL. L californicus (Hall) 9-3. Aceria erineus (N.) 10-7. Paraphytoptus inaequalis K. 9-4. Aceria mackiei (K.) 10-8. Paraphytoptus caliphucheae (K. ) 9-5. Aceria paramackiei (K.) 11-1. Eriophyes vitis (Pest. 1 9-6. Aceria waltheri (K.) 11-2. Eriophyes triradiatus (Kal. 9-7. Aceria brachytarsus (K. 1 11-3. Eriophyes laevia (Rial.) 9-8. Aceria amiculus (K.) 11-4. Eriophyes emarginatae K. 9-9. Aceria calaceris K. 11-5. Eriophyes savagei 9-10. Aceria essigi (Hassan) 11-6. Eriophyes breechii K. 9-12. Aceria parapopuli (K.1 11-7. Eriophyes pyri (PgSt. 9-13. Aceria paracalifornica (K.) 11-8. Eriophyes ilicifoliae K. 9-14. Aceria enceliae (K.) 11-9. Eriophyes prunandersoni K. 9- 15. Aceria neoartemisiae (K. ) 11-10. Eriophyes heteromeles K. 9-16. Aceria dracunculi (K.) 11-11. Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst. 9-17. Aceria ligustri (K.) 11- 12. Eriophyes convolvens (Nal. ) 9-18. Aceria neosalviae (K.) 11-13. Eriophyes wisteriae K. 9-20. Aceria granati (Can.) 11-14. hiophyes caricis F'. 9-21. Aceria peucedani (Can. 1 12-1. Pareria fremontiae K. 9-22. Aceria Loycei (K.) 13- 1. Oxypleurites depressus R'al. 9-23. Aceria chrysopsis (K.) 13-2 Cxypleurites marinalni K. 9-24. Aceria heterothecae (K. 1 13-3. Oxypleurites maxwelli K. 9-24.1 Aceria eriodictyonis K. 13-4. Oxypleurites juglandis K. 9-25. Aceria stinsonis (K.) 13-5. Oxypleurites tlaccharis K. 9-25.1 Aceria caliberberis K. 13-6. Oxypleurites acidotus F. 9-26. Aceria ceanothi (K.) 13-7. Oxypleurites aesculifoliae (V. ) 9-28. Aceria sheldoni (Ewing) 13-8. Oxypleurites cornifoliae K. 9-29. Aceria lepidosparti K. (L 13-9. Oxypleurites glabratae K. 9-38. Aceria beevori K. (B 14- 1. Coptorhylla lamimani (K.) 9-39. Aceria wyethiae K.(% 14-2. Coptophylla arbuti (K. 1 9-30. Aceria eriobotryae (K.) 14- 3. Captophylla caliquerci K. 9-31. Aceria diospyri K. 15-1. Calacarus pulviferus K. 9-32. Aceria feijoae (K.) 15-2. Calacarus adornatus (K.) 9-33. Aceria mori (K.) 15-3. Ca lacarus tej onis K . 9-34. Aceria medicaginis (K.1 16-1. hthocoptes punctidorsa K. 9-35. Aceria langei (K.) 16-2. Anthocoptes pickeringiae K. 9-36. Aceria abalis (K.) 16-3. hthocoptes hesperus K. 9-37. Aceria baccharices K. 16-4. Anthocoptes ericameriella li. (9-38. see 9-29) 17-1. Vasa tes ca lulmi (K. ) (9-39. see 9-29) 17-2. Vasates prosopis (K. 1

72 BULLETIN OF THE CALIEORNIA INSECT SURVEY 73

Plate 17-3. Vasates imnigrans (K.) Plate 27-1. Acarelliptus occidentalis K. 17-4. Vasates symphoricarpi (K. 1 28-1. Cupacarus cuprifestor K. 17-5. Vasates mckenziei K. 29-1. Phyllocoptruta oleivorus (Ash.1 17-6. Vasates scotti (K.) 30-1. Platyphytoptus sabinianae K. 17-7. Vasates magnolivora (K.) 30-2. Platyphytoptus mltisternatus K. 17-8. Vasates mzanitae (K. 1 31-1. Callyntrotus schlectendali Nal. 17-9. Vasates cotyledonis (K. ) 32-1. Epitrimerus sierribis K. 17-10. Vasates ambrosiae (K.) 32-2. Epitrimerus pteleae K. 17-11. Vasates tamalpais (K.) 32-3. Epitrimrus pyri (Nal.) 17-12. Vasates rhododendronis (K. 32-3d. Epitrimrus pyri- deutogyne 17-13. Vasates eurynotus (Nal.) 32-4. Epitrimrus abietis K. 17-14. Vasates destructor (K. 32-5. Epitrimerus cupressi (K. 17-15. Vasates malivagrans K. 32-6. Epitrimerus trilobus (Nal. 1 17-16. Vasates rhamivagrans (K. 1 32-fid. Epitrimrus trilobus- deutogyne 17-17. Vasates ligustri (K.) 32-7. Epitrimerus cupressifoliae K. 17-18. Vasates cornutus (Banks) 32-8. Epitrimrus libocedri (K. ) 17-18d.Vasates cornutus- deutogyne 32-9. Epitrimrus pseudotsugae K. 17-20. Vasates paraglabri K. 32- 10. Epitrimrus taxodii (K.) 17-21. Vasates laevigatae (Hassan) 33-1. Calepitrimrus umbellulariae K. 17-22. Vasa tes toxicophagus (Ewing) 33-2. Calepitrimerus andropogonus K. 17-23. Vasates glabri K. 33-3. Calepitrimerus anatis K. 18-1. Gamnaphytoptus camphorae K. 33-4. Gileptirimerus baileyi K. 19-1. Tetra cercocarpi K. 33-46. Calepitrimerus baileyi- deutogyne 19-2. Tetra concava (K.) 33-5. Calepitrimerus cariniferus K. 20-1. Abacarus hystrix (Nal.) 33-6. Calepitrimrus vitis (Nal. 1 20-2. Abacarus acalyptus (K.) 33-6d. Calepitrimerus vitis- deutogyne 21-1. Tegonotus myersi (K.) 34-1. Acarmrla nolinae (K.) 21-2. Tegonotus califraxini (K. ) 35-1. Asetacus niadronae K. 21-3. Tegonotus rhamicola (K. ) 36-1. Qmdracus urticarius (cgh') 21-4. Tegonotus zizyphagus (K.) 37-1. hhyncaphytoptus platani K. 21-5. Tegonotus negundella K. 37-2. Hhyncaphytoptus mgarostris (K.1 22-1. Tumescoptes trachycarpi K. 37-3. Hhyncaphytoptus strigatus K. 23-1. Acaricalus segundus K. 37-4. hhyncaphytoptus spinifera K. 23-2. Acaricalus hederae (K. 1 37-5. Rhyncaphytoptus salicifoliae K. 24-1. Acaphylla steinwedeni K. 37-6;. Hhyncaphytoptus ulmivagrans K. 25- 1. Phyllocoptes calisalicis K. 37-M. Hhyncaphytoptus ulmivagrans - deutogyne 25-2. Phyllocoptes adalius K. 37-7. Hhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae K. 25-3. Phyllocoptes abaenus K. 37-8. Hhyncaphytoptus acilius K. 25-4. Phyllocoptes dimorphus K. 38-1. tthynacus arctostaphyli (K. 1 25-5. Phyllocoptes cedri K. 38-2. Rhynacus abronius (K.) 25-6. Phyllocoptes fructiphilus K. 39-1. Liiptacus gigantorhynchus (Nal. ) 25-7. Phyllocoptes calirubi K. 39-2. llriptacus sacramentae (K.) 25-8. Phyllocoptes macilis (Nal.) 39-3. Diptacus calicoryli (K. 1 26-1. Caliphytoptus quercilobatae K. THIRD VENTRAL SZTA

GENITAL &A UTERM'Snrr I FIRST VENTRAiSETA DORSAL TUBERCLE YRUL 1. \ I

ADMEDIAN, UNE Mym#

CHELIcfRA-''

ROSTRUM'- .

CRESCENTIC SWRING INTERNAL FFMALE GENITALIA TYPICAL APODEME

-=*LMIOINDUUL WRING

ALE GENITAL COVERFLAP

GENITAL SETA\ I

74 Harder fusrforrn types Wormlike soFf bodied types Shield projecting over beo; 'Beak exposed above

C. I a cb PLATE 1-1. Trisetacus pini (Nal.) PLATE 1-2. Trisetacus cupressi (K.)

-1 PLATE 2-1. Setoptus jonesi (K.1 PLATE- 3-1. Phytoptus avellanae Nal.

76 ES

PLATE 3-2. Phytoptus corniseminis K. Phi= 3-3. Phytoptus hedericola K.

PLATE 4-1. Anchiphytoptus heatus K. Pmm 5-1. Sierraphytoptus alnivagrans K. 77 Pun6-1. Mackiella phoenicis K. PLA~7-1. Nalepella ednae K.

PUm 7-2. Nalepella tsugae K. Pl..ATE 8-1. Cecidophyes tmlpighianus (Nal. ) 78 .--

f

Pun8-2. Cecidophyes verilicis (K.) PLATE 9-1. Aceria camelliae K.

PLATE 9-2. Aceria cactorum (K.) PLATE 9-3. Aceria ermeus (N.)

79 PLATE 9-5. Aceria paramackiei (K.)

PLATE 9-6. Aceria waltheri (K.1 PLATE 9-7. Aceria brachytarsus (K.) 80 PLATE 9-9. Aceria calaceris K.

PIA'IE 9-10. Aceria essigi (Hassad PIATE 9-12. Aceria parapopuli (K.)

81 PIATE 9-13.1 Aceria paracalifornica (K. ) p~m9-14. Aceria enceliae (K.)

PIA= 9-15. Aceria neoartemisiae (K.) PIATE 9-16. Aceria dracunculi (K.)

82 F

DA -

PLATE 9-17. Aceria ligustri (K.) PLATE 9-18. Aceria neosalriae (K.)

F

PLAm 9-20. Aceria granati (Can.) PLATE 9-21. Aceria peucedani (Can.) ,

PMTE 9-22. Aceria boycei (K.) PLATE 9-23. Aceria chrysopsis (K.

PLATE 9-24. Aceria heterothecae (K.) PLATE 9-24.1 Aceria eriodictyonis K.

84 S

PLATE 9-25. Aceria stinsonis (K.1 I PIATE 9-25.1 Aceria caliberberis K.

PIATE 9-26. Aceria ceanothi (K.) I PLATE 9-28. Aceria sheldoni (Ebing) 85 PLATE 9-29. Aceria lepidosparti K. (L) PLAlE 9-39. Aceria wyethiae K. (W) PLATE 9-30. Aceria eriobotryae (K.) PUm 9-38. Aceria beevori K. (B)

PLATE 9-31. Aceria diaspyri K. PLATE 9-32. Aceria feijoae (K.) 86 PIATE 9-33. Aceria mori (K.) PLATE 9-34. Aceria rnedicaginis (K.)

. I. PU'IE 9-35. Aceria langei (K.) PLATE 9-36. Aceria abilis (K.1

87 F

A,

PLATE 9-37. Aceria baccharices K. PLATE 9-40. Aceria calibaccharis (K.)

PU?IE 9-41. Aceria spinulifera (K.) PLATE 9-42. Aceria haplopappi (K.)

88

F

PLATE 9-45.1. Aceria paradianthi K. PLATE 9-46. Aceria aloinis (K.)

f

PLATE 9-47. Aceria larreae (K.) PLATE 9-48. Aceria calilupini K. , -I , W

PLATE 9-49. Aceria tulipe (K.) PLATE 10-1. Paraphytoptus hrickelliae K.

G

PLATE 10-1.1 Paraphytoptus arceuthobii K. PLATE 10-2. Rraphytoptus rhanmiphagus K.

91 UTE 10-4. Paraphytoptus chrysanthemi K.

PLATE 10-5. Paraphytoptus salviacrinis K. PLATE 10-6. Paraphytoptus californicus (Hall) 92 PLATE 10-7. Paraphytoptus haequalis K. PLATE 10-8. Paraphytoptus caliplucheae (K. )

PLATE 11-1. Eriophyes vitis (Pgst.) PLATE 11-2. Eriophyes triradiatus (Nal.) 93 PLATE 11-3. Erioph;es laevis (Nal.) PIATE 11-4. Eriophyes emarginatae K.

PLATE 11-5. Eriophyes savagei PLATE 11-6. Eriophyes breechii K.

94 .. PLATE 11-7. Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.) PLATE 11-8. Eriophyes ilicifoliae K.

GFl \ / PLATE 11-9. Eriophyes prunandersoni K. PLATE 11-10. Eriophyes hetereles K. 95 PLATE 11-11. Eriophles tiliae (Pgst.) PLATE 11-12. Eriophyes convolvens mal.)

PLATE 11-13. Eriophyes wisteriae K. PU?E 11-14. Eriophyes caricis K.

96 PLATE 12-1. Pareria fremntiae K. PLATE 13-1. Oxypleurites depressus Nal.

PbiTE 13-2. Oxypleurites mrinalni K. F

n

PLATE 13-4. Oxypleurites juglandis K. PUTE 13-5. Oxypleurites baccharis K.

PLATE 13-6. Oxypleurites acidotus K. PIATE 13-7. Qrypleurites aesculifoliae (K. j

98 API

Es

PLATE 13-8. Oxypleurites cornifoliae K. PLATE 13-9. Oxypleurites glabratae K.

PLATE 14-1. Coptophylla lamimuni (K.) PLATE 14-2. Coptophylla arbuti (K.) 99 APlw-

PLATE 14-3. Coptophylla caliquerci K. PLATE 15-1. Cglacarus pulviferus K.

PLATE 15-2. Calacarus adornatus (K.) PLATE 15-3. &lacarus tejonis K.

100 F

J

PLATE 16-1. Anthocoptes punctidorsa K. PLATE 16-2. Anthocoptes pickeringiae K.

PLAlE 16-3. Anthocoptes hesperus K. 16-4. Anthocoptes ericamriella K.

101 PIATE 17-1. Vasates calulmi (K.) PLAm 17-2. Vasates prosopis (K.)

PLATE 17-3. Vasates higrans (K.1 PLATE 17-4. Vasates synphoricarpi (K.) 102 PLATE 17-5. Vasates mckenziei K. PLti'IE 17-6. Vasates scotti (K.)

FUTE 17-7. Vasates magnolivora (K.1 'PLATE 1718. Vasates manzanitae (K.) 103 PIA'iE 17-9. Vasates cotyledonis (P.) PLATE 17-10. Vasates ambrosiae (K.) /- I

PLATE 17-11. Vasates tamlpais (K.) PLAE 17-12. Vasates rhododendronis (K.) 104 PLATE .17-13. Vasates eurynotus (Nal. 1 PLATE 17-14. Vasates destructor (K.)

PLATE 17-15. Vasates malivagrans K. 17-16. Vasates rhamivagrans (K. ) 105 901 - PLATE 17-21. Vasates laevigatae (Hassan) PLATE 17-22. Vasates taxicophagus (Ewing)

PLATE 17-23. Vasates glabri K. PLATE 18-1. Garrmaphytoptus carnphorae K.

107 PLATE 19-1. Tetra cercocarpi K. PLATE 19-2. Tetra concava (K.)

PLATE 20-1. Abacarus hystrix (Nal.) PLATE 20-2. Abacarus acalyptus (K.)

108 PIA= 21-1. Tegonotus myersi (K.) PLATE 21-2. Tegonotus califraxini (K.) \\

PLATE 21-3. Tegonotus rharmicola (K.) PLATE 21-4. Tegonotus zizyphagus (K.1 109 PLATE 21-5. Tegonotus negundella K. PLATE 22-1. Tumescoptes trachycarpi K.

PLATE 23-1. Acaricalus segundus K. PLATE 23-2. Acaricalus hederae (K.) 110 F i F

PLATE 24-1. Acaphylla steinwedmi K. RATE 25-1. Phyllocoptes calisalicis K.

PUTE 25-2. Phyllocoptes adalius K. PLATE 25-3. Phyllocoptes abaenus K. 111 PLtiTE 25-4. Phyllocoptes dimorphus K. PLATE 25-5. Phyllocoptes cedri K.

PLATE 25-6. Phyllocoptes fructiphilus K. PLATE 25-7. Phyllocoptes calirubi K. 112 PLAIE 25-8. Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nal. 1 PLATE 26-1. caliphytoptus prcilobatae K. --

F

/

PLAIT 27-1. Acarelliptus occidentalis K. PLATE 28-1. Cupacarus cuprifestor K.

113 F

29-1. Phyllocoptruta oleivorus (Ash.) PLATE 30-1. Platyphytoptus sabinianae K.

Pun 30-2. Platyphytaptus multisternatus K. PLATE 31-1. Callyntrotus schlectendali Nal. 114 Phtm 32-1. Epitrimerus sierribis K. Pun32-2. Epitrimerus pteleae K.

PLATE 32-3. Epitrirnerus pyri (Nal.) Pun 32-3d. Epitrkrus pyri- deutogyne 115 *._...-

PLATE 32-4. Epitrimerus abietis K. PLATE 32-5. Epitrimerus cupressi (K.)

PLATE 32-6. Epitrimerus trilobus (Nal.) PLATE 32-6d. Epitrkrus trilobus- deutogyne

116 PLATE 32-7. Epitrimerus cupressifoliae K. PLATE 32-8. Epitrimerus libocedri (K.)

P~TE32-9. Epitrimerus pseudotsugae K. PLATE 32-10. EpitrMerus taxodii (K.) 117 PLATE 33-1. Calepitrimerus unhellulariae K. PLATE 33-2. Calepitrimerus andropogonlrs K.

\ I /- PLATE 33-3. Calepitrhrus anatis K. PLATE 33-4. Calepitriaerus baileyi K. 118 GF

PLA'IE 33-4d. Calepitrimerus baileyi- deutogpe PLATE 33-5. Calepitrimerus cariniferus K.

PLATE 33-6. Calepitrimerus vitis (Nal. PIATE 33-6d. Calepitrimerus vitis- deutogyne 119 PLATE 34-1. Acamina nolinae (K.) PLATE 35-1. Asetacus madronae K.

PLATE 36-1. @adracus urticarius (a) PLATE 37-1. Rhyncaphytoptus platani K. 120 PUTE 37-2. Rhyncaphytoptus megarostris (K.1 PLATE 37-3. Rhyncaphytoptus strigatus K.

PLATE 37-6. Rhyncaphytoptus ulmivagrans K. PLATE 374. Rhyncaphytoptus spinifera K. rn, PLATE 37-5. Rhyncaphytoptus salicifoliae K. ''I PLATE 374. Phyncaphytoptus uhnivagrans- deutogyne PLATE 37-7. Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae K.

PLATE 37-8. Rhyncaphytoptus acilius K. PLATE 38-1. Rhynacus arctostaphyli (K.) 122 PLATE 38-2. Rhynacus abronius (K.) PLATE 39-1. Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nal.

PLATE 39-2. Diptacus sacramntae (K.) PLATE 39-3. Diptacus calicoryli (K.) 123