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Catálogo De Ácaros Eriofioideos (Acari: Trombidiformes) Parasitados Por Especies De Hirsutella (Deuteromycetes) En Cuba

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Catálogo De Ácaros Eriofioideos (Acari: Trombidiformes) Parasitados Por Especies De Hirsutella (Deuteromycetes) En Cuba ARTÍCULO: Catálogo de ácaros eriofioideos (Acari: Trombidiformes) parasitados por especies de Hirsutella (Deuteromycetes) en Cuba Reinaldo I. Cabrera, Pedro de la Torre & Gabriel Otero-Colina Resumen: Se revisó la base de datos de la colección de especies del género Hirsutella y otros hongos acaropatógenos y entomopatógenos presente en el IIFT (Institu- ARTÍCULO: to de Investigaciones en Fruticultura Tropical) de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, Catálogo de ácaros eriofioideos así como la información bibliográfica adicional sobre el tema. Se relacionan (Acari: Trombidiformes) parasitados por primera vez 16 eriofioideos como nuevos registros de hospedantes de por especies de Hirsutella (Deute- especies de Hirsutella, los que junto a otros nueve ya conocidos en el país, romycetes) en Cuba suman 25. Se señalan 16 especies vegetales como nuevos registros de hospedantes de ácaros eriofioideos parasitados por estos hongos, las que se Reinaldo I. Cabrera suman a nueve ya existentes. Se ofrecen datos sobre la distribución geográfi- Instituto de Investigaciones en ca e importancia del parasitismo de los ácaros eriofioideos por especies de Hir- Fruticultura Tropical. sutella. Ave. 7ma # 3005 e/ 30 y 32 Palabras clave: Diptilomiopidae, Eriophyidae, Phytoptidae, parasitismo, plantas Playa C. de La Habana hospedantes. C.P. 11300, Zona Postal 13, Cuba. [email protected] Pedro de la Torre Laboratorio Central de Cuarentena Catalogue of eriophyoideus mites (Acari: Trombidiformes) parasited Vegetal. Ayuntamiento Nº 231 by Hirsutella species (Deuteromycetes) in Cuba Plaza, Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba. [email protected] Abstract: Gabriel Otero-Colina The database of the collection of Hirsutella species and other acaropathogenic Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus and entomopathogenic fungi from the IIFT (Research Institute on Tropical Fruit Montecillo. Km. 36.5 carretera Trees) in Havana, Cuba, was reviewed, as well as additional bibliographical México-Texcoco. 56230 data related to the subject. By the first time 16 eriophyoid mites are referred as Montecillo, Edo. Mex. México. new host records of Hirsutella species. These eriophyoid mites, along with [email protected]. other 9 already known in the country, amount 25. Sixteen plant species are newly recorded as hosts of mites parasitized by these fungi. These plants are Revista Ibérica de Aracnología added to the 9 already existent. Data are also presented about the geographic ISSN: 1576 - 9518. distribution and importance of parasitism of eriophyoid mites by Hirsutella spe- Dep. Legal: Z-2656-2000. cies. Vol. 17 Key words: Diptilomiopidae, Eriophyidae, Phytoptidae, host plants, parasitism. Sección: Artículos y Notas. Pp: 57 − 62. Fecha publicación: 30 Noviembre 2009 Edita: Grupo Ibérico de Aracnología (GIA) Grupo de trabajo en Aracnología de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA) Avda. Radio Juventud, 37 Introducción 50012 Zaragoza (ESPAÑA) Tef. 976 324415 La superfamilia Eriophyoidea (Acari), formada por las familias Phytoptidae Fax. 976 535697 Murray, 1877, Diptilomiopidae Nalepa, 1892, y Eriophyidae Nalepa, 1898, C-elect.: [email protected] incluye 3442 especies, de las que todas son parásitas obligadas de plantas y Director: Carles Ribera muchas son importantes plagas agrícolas (Amrine et al., 2003). Para su con- C-elect.: [email protected] trol tienen un gran potencial los hongos acaropatógenos del género Hirsutella Patouillard, 1892; sin embargo, el conocimiento de casos de parasitismo de Indice, resúmenes, abstracts vols. publicados: Hirsutella en eriofioideos es escaso, a pesar de que varias de las especies de http:/www.sea-entomologia.org estos hongos, como Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher, 1950, son consideradas Página web GIA: importantes agentes de control biológico de estos ácaros fitófagos, entre ellos http://gia.sea-entomologia.org el ácaro del moho de los cítricos Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead, 1879) (Fisher et al., 1949) y el ácaro del cocotero Aceria guerreronis Keifer, 1965 Página web SEA: (Cabrera, 2000), dos importantes plagas en muchos países con clima tropical http:/www.sea-entomologia.org y subtropical. 58 Reinaldo I. Cabrera, Pedro de la Torre & Gabriel Otero-Colina De las cerca de 81 especies que se conocen en el género Resultados y Discusión Hirsutella (CABI Bioscience, 2004), cinco se conside- ran como verdaderos agentes de control biológico de El Cuadro 1, con las divisiones que corresponden a las ácaros eriofioideos, a saber: Hirsutella nodulosa Petch, tres familias de la superfamilia Eriophyoidea, presenta 1926; Hirsutella kirchneri (Rostrup) Minter, Brady & los registros de asociaciones de ácaros con especies de Hall, 1916; Hirsutella gregis Minter, Brady & Hall, Hirsutella, así como las plantas donde se observaron 1983; Hirsutella necatrix Minter, Brady & Hall, 1983; y dichas asociaciones. El Cuadro 2 presenta los mismos H. thompsonii (McCoy, 1996). Esta última es la más registros, ordenados alfabéticamente por las plantas conocida y de mayor importancia económica por la gran hospedantes de los ácaros parasitados por hongos del diversidad de ácaros que parasita a nivel mundial género mencionado, más las familias a que pertenecen. (McCoy et al., 1988). De las especies antes señaladas, Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las especies del sólo H. thompsonii, H. nodulosa y H. kirchneri están género Hirsutella pueden parasitar tanto a los ácaros que presentes en Cuba y entre ellas, la primera es la de ma- viven errantes en la superficie de las plantas hospedan- yor incidencia y distribución geográfica (Cabrera, 1977; tes (principalmente miembros de la familia Eriophyidae, Cabrera & Domínguez, 1987a). subfamilia Phyllocoptinae), como aquéllos que viven El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el protegidos en tejidos deformes que ellos mismos oca- primer catálogo actualizado con los ácaros eriofioideos sionan, o que permanecen debajo de las brácteas, como hospedantes de especies del género Hirsutella en Cuba y es el caso de A. guerreronis, una importante plaga en el ofrecer además algunas consideraciones sobre la impor- cultivo del cocotero (Cabrera, 2000; Cabrera et al., tancia de estos agentes de control biológico. 1992). Se citan por primera vez 16 eriofioideos como nuevos hospedantes de estos hongos, los que junto a otros nueve Material y Métodos que ya aparecían citados, suman 25. Igualmente se seña- lan 16 nuevas especies de plantas como hospedantes de Para la preparación del presente catálogo se tuvo en eriofioideos parasitados por acaropatógenos pertene- cuenta la base de datos de la colección de las especies cientes al género Hirsutella, las que unidas a otras nueve del género Hirsutella y otros hongos acaropatógenos y que ya se conocían, hacen un total de 25. entomopatógenos presente en el Instituto de Investiga- Este número, al igual que el de las nuevas especies de ciones en Fruticultura Tropical (IIFT), Ciudad de La plantas hospedantes, se espera que se incremente una Habana, Cuba, así como el cúmulo de información con- vez que se identifiquen otros eriofioideos pendientes de tenida en los trabajos de R. I. Cabrera que aparecen en clasificación, con lo que se contribuirá a un mayor co- la literatura citada, y la información derivada de la tesis nocimiento de la rica diversidad de hospedantes que las doctoral del mismo autor (Cabrera, 2001). El mismo especies del género Hirsutella tienen en estos ácaros autor es responsable de la identificación de las especies fitófagos existentes en la flora cubana. de Hirsutella citadas en este artículo. Después de H. thompsonii, H. nodulosa es la especie Se consideró además la información existente en las más abundante sobre eriófidos en Cuba, aunque su pre- publicaciones científicas relacionadas con el tema, en sencia está más relacionada con los tarsonémidos, como particular la escrita por De la Torre & Martínez (2004), el ácaro blanco Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks, 1904 que sirvió de marco de referencia para la confirmación (Cabrera et al., 1987a) y el ácaro del vaneado del arroz de algunos nombres científicos de las plantas o cultivos Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley, 1967 (Cabrera et al., hospedantes y la ubicación de los ácaros hospedantes en 2005a), éste último una importante plaga de difícil con- sus respectivas familias. A menos que se señale otra trol por aplicación de productos químicos (Cabrera et fuente de información, la ausencia de la misma indicará al., 2005b). que las observaciones sobre el parasitismo y demás Todas las familias de la superfamilia Eriophyoidea, a serán propias de los autores de dichos trabajos. saber: Phytoptidae, Eriophyidae y Diptilomiopidae, En la nomenclatura se sigue a Amrine & Stasny (1994), presentan una o más especies como hospedantes de con las modificaciones presentadas en Amrine et al. algún hongo acaropatógeno perteneciente al género (2003), por lo que los géneros o especies citados con Hirsutella, pero la familia Eriophyidae es la que con- otro nombre se corrigen a los respectivos nombres váli- templa el mayor número de especies de ácaros parasita- dos de acuerdo con dichos autores. En el Cuadro 1, los dos (Cuadro 1). Las características de estos parasitis- nuevos registros de estos ácaros en Cuba como hospe- mos, de forma general, son muy similares entre sí y dantes de las especies de Hirsutella aparecen con el responden plenamente a las dadas por Cabrera (2001), símbolo *; los ácaros hospedantes, con Hosp.; la especie cuando describió e ilustró las micosis producidas por de Hirsutella que parasita a un ácaro dado, con Esp.; la estos hongos sobre
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