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Helping Pinus Ponderosa Fight Dendroctonus Brevicomis and Dendroctonus Ponderosae: Year II
CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR 2008 PROJECT SUMMARY Name(s) Project Number Daniel M. Kari S1711 Project Title Helping Pinus ponderosa Fight Dendroctonus brevicomis and Dendroctonus ponderosae: Year II Abstract Objectives/Goals This project focuses on discovering natural ways to best preserve Pinus ponderosa from attacks by Dendroctonus brevicomis and Dendroctonus ponderosae, the bark beetles affecting these pine trees. Methods/Materials The first part of the project was conducted in two locations in the San Bernardino National Forest, Barton Flats and Angelus Oaks, where a density check of two, one-acre lots was conducted at each site by counting all trees and observing which plants surrounded dead pines and which plants surrounded healthy pines. Since Black Oak trees and Manzanita bushes proved to be the most prominent plants in this region, tests were conducted to evaluate the tannin content in each plant, tannin being the most powerful acid in their leaves. The assay used was for total Phenols. First ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) was mixed with HCl to make a pale yellow solution. A separate solution of potassium ferricyanide (K(3)Fe(CN)(6) was diluted in water. Each substance was stabilized before mixing each leaf sample in what is called the Prussian Blue Test. Gallic acid (pure tannin) was employed to standardize the spectrometer readings. Results The survey at Barton Flats found numerous Black Oaks, yet the Ponderosa Pines still experienced high fatalities from bark beetle attacks, especially as the density of Black Oaks increased. In contrast, the survey at Angelus Oaks found greater diversity in varieties of trees, and only one fatality near the Manzanita bushes common there. -
Seasonality and Lure Preference of Bark Beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Associates in a Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forest
COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY Seasonality and Lure Preference of Bark Beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Associates in a Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forest 1,2 1 3 1 M. L. GAYLORD, T. E. KOLB, K. F. WALLIN, AND M. R. WAGNER Environ. Entomol. 35(1): 37Ð47 (2006) ABSTRACT Ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona have historically experienced limited bark beetle-caused tree mortality, and little is known about the bark beetle community in these forests. Our objectives were to describe the ßight seasonality and lure preference of bark beetles and their associates in these forests. We monitored bark beetle populations for 24 consecutive months in 2002 and 2003 using Lindgren funnel traps with Þve different pheromone lures. In both years, the majority of bark beetles were trapped between May and October, and the peak captures of coleopteran predator species, Enoclerus (F.) (Cleridae) and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim), occurred between June and August. Trap catches of Elacatis (Coleoptera: Othniidae, now Salpingidae), a suspected predator, peaked early in the spring. For wood borers, trap catches of the Buprestidae family peaked in late May/early June, and catches of the Cerambycidae family peaked in July/August. The lure targeted for Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte attracted the largest percentage of all Dendroc- tonus beetles except for D. valens LeConte, which was attracted in highest percentage to the lure targeted for D. valens. The lure targeted for Ips pini attracted the highest percentage of beetles for all three Ips species [I.pini (Say), I. latidens (LeConte), and I. lecontei Swaine] and the two predators, Enoclerus and T. chlorodia. -
4 Reproductive Biology of Cerambycids
4 Reproductive Biology of Cerambycids Lawrence M. Hanks University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois Qiao Wang Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand CONTENTS 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 133 4.2 Phenology of Adults ..................................................................................................................... 134 4.3 Diet of Adults ............................................................................................................................... 138 4.4 Location of Host Plants and Mates .............................................................................................. 138 4.5 Recognition of Mates ................................................................................................................... 140 4.6 Copulation .................................................................................................................................... 141 4.7 Larval Host Plants, Oviposition Behavior, and Larval Development .......................................... 142 4.8 Mating Strategy ............................................................................................................................ 144 4.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 148 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. -
Alien Invasive Species and International Trade
Forest Research Institute Alien Invasive Species and International Trade Edited by Hugh Evans and Tomasz Oszako Warsaw 2007 Reviewers: Steve Woodward (University of Aberdeen, School of Biological Sciences, Scotland, UK) François Lefort (University of Applied Science in Lullier, Switzerland) © Copyright by Forest Research Institute, Warsaw 2007 ISBN 978-83-87647-64-3 Description of photographs on the covers: Alder decline in Poland – T. Oszako, Forest Research Institute, Poland ALB Brighton – Forest Research, UK; Anoplophora exit hole (example of wood packaging pathway) – R. Burgess, Forestry Commission, UK Cameraria adult Brussels – P. Roose, Belgium; Cameraria damage medium view – Forest Research, UK; other photographs description inside articles – see Belbahri et al. Language Editor: James Richards Layout: Gra¿yna Szujecka Print: Sowa–Print on Demand www.sowadruk.pl, phone: +48 022 431 81 40 Instytut Badawczy Leœnictwa 05-090 Raszyn, ul. Braci Leœnej 3, phone [+48 22] 715 06 16 e-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Introduction .......................................6 Part I – EXTENDED ABSTRACTS Thomas Jung, Marla Downing, Markus Blaschke, Thomas Vernon Phytophthora root and collar rot of alders caused by the invasive Phytophthora alni: actual distribution, pathways, and modeled potential distribution in Bavaria ......................10 Tomasz Oszako, Leszek B. Orlikowski, Aleksandra Trzewik, Teresa Orlikowska Studies on the occurrence of Phytophthora ramorum in nurseries, forest stands and garden centers ..........................19 Lassaad Belbahri, Eduardo Moralejo, Gautier Calmin, François Lefort, Jose A. Garcia, Enrique Descals Reports of Phytophthora hedraiandra on Viburnum tinus and Rhododendron catawbiense in Spain ..................26 Leszek B. Orlikowski, Tomasz Oszako The influence of nursery-cultivated plants, as well as cereals, legumes and crucifers, on selected species of Phytophthopra ............30 Lassaad Belbahri, Gautier Calmin, Tomasz Oszako, Eduardo Moralejo, Jose A. -
Management of Western North American Bark Beetles with Semiochemicals
EN63CH21_Seybold ARI 20 November 2017 13:34 Annual Review of Entomology Management of Western North American Bark Beetles with Semiochemicals Steven J. Seybold,1,∗ Barbara J. Bentz,2 Christopher J. Fettig,1 John E. Lundquist,3 Robert A. Progar,4 and Nancy E. Gillette1 1USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, California, 95618, USA; email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan, Utah, 84321, USA; email: [email protected] 3USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Anchorage, Alaska, 99501, USA; ANNUAL REVIEWS Further email: [email protected] Click here to view this article's 4USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA; online features: email: [email protected] • Download figures as PPT slides • Navigate linked references • Download citations • Explore related articles • Search keywords Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2018. 63:407–32 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on aggregation pheromones, allomones, bark beetles, Dendroctonus, Ips, October 20, 2017 kairomones The Annual Review of Entomology is online at ento.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117- We summarize the status of semiochemical-based management of the major 043339 bark beetle species in western North America. The conifer forests of this This is a work of the US Government and is not region have a long history of profound impacts by phloem-feeding bark subject to copyright protection in the United States beetles, and species such as the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and the spruce beetle (D. -
Proceedings, 23Rd U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research
United States Department of Proceedings Agriculture 23rd U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Interagency Research Forum on Research Station Invasive Species 2012 General Technical Report NRS-P-114 The findings and conclusions of each article in this publication are those of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service. All articles were received in digital format and were edited for uniform type and style. Each author is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her paper. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal, agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fi sh or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. Cover graphic by Vincent D’Amico, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Manuscript received for publication August 2012 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. -
Research Article
Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 9, Issue, 6(D), pp. 27459-27461, June, 2018 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article INCIDENCE AND DEVELOPMENTAL PARAMETERS OF BREVIPALPUS PHOENICIS GEIJSKES (ACARI: TENUIPALPIDAE) ON AN INVASIVE PLANT, MIKANIA MICRANTHA KUNTH Saritha C* and Ramani N Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala. PIN-673635 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0906.2262 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The plant Mikania micrantha is treated as one among 100 of the world’s worst invaders in the Global Invasive Species Database. Invasions by alien plants are rapidly increasing in extent and Received 9th March, 2018 severity, leading to large-scale ecosystem degradation. The tenuipalpid mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis Received in revised form 16th is a cosmopolitan species with an extensive host range and was found to infest M. micrantha with April, 2018 peak population during the summer months of April-May and the minimum population during June- Accepted 26th May, 2018 July. Laboratory cultures of the mite were maintained by adopting leaf flotation technique at Published online 28th June, 2018 constant temperature humidity conditions of 30 ± 20C and 65 ± 5% RH. The species was found to exhibit parthenogenetic mode of reproduction with the pre-oviposition and oviposition periods of Key Words: 4.2±0.37 and 8.9±0.28 days respectively. Thus the results of the present study disclosed that the Mikania micrantha, Brevipalpus phoenicis, mean duration of F1 generation of B. -
Competition and Climate Affect Body Size and Sexual Size Dimorphism in Pine Sawyer Beetles
Bulletin of Insectology 73 (2): 265-273, 2020 ISSN 1721-8861 eISSN 2283-0332 Competition and climate affect body size and sexual size dimorphism in pine sawyer beetles Carla S. PIMENTEL1, Matthew P. AYRES2 1Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Portugal 2Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA Abstract The importance of interspecific competition in structuring communities of plant-eating insects has been somewhat controversial. If interspecific competition is ever important for phytophagous insects, it is likely to be observed in the insect guild that feeds in the phloem of trees. We tested for signals of interspecific competition in co-occurring species of pine sawyer beetles Monochamus Megerle (Coleoptera Cerambycidae), generally the largest phloemophagous insects in pines. We evaluated patterns of body size and its correlation with other life-history traits. By studying pine sawyer beetles in different areas (Northeast USA, Southeast USA and Portugal) we assessed the interaction with climate. As predicted under the hypothesis of interspecific competition, there were always clear size differences among coexisting species. As predicted if competition is asymmetric, smaller species were less abun- dant and emerged earlier than the larger species. In the larger and numerically dominant species, sexual size dimorphism was more pronounced and the sex ratio was skewed towards females. In the smaller species, males emerged earlier (protandry), whereas the larger species lacked differences in emergence time or displayed protogyny. Effects of climate only seem to have been expressed in the larger dominant species of each area, whereas the effects of competition in smaller species probably overshadow the effects of climate. -
Patterns of Woodboring Beetle Activity Following Fires and Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Montane Forests of California, USA Chris Ray1* , Daniel R
Ray et al. Fire Ecology (2019) 15:21 Fire Ecology https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-019-0040-1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access Patterns of woodboring beetle activity following fires and bark beetle outbreaks in montane forests of California, USA Chris Ray1* , Daniel R. Cluck2, Robert L. Wilkerson1, Rodney B. Siegel1, Angela M. White3, Gina L. Tarbill3, Sarah C. Sawyer4 and Christine A. Howell5 Abstract Background: Increasingly frequent and severe drought in the western United States has contributed to more frequent and severe wildfires, longer fire seasons, and more frequent bark beetle outbreaks that kill large numbers of trees. Climate change is expected to perpetuate these trends, especially in montane ecosystems, calling for improved strategies for managing Western forests and conserving the wildlife that they support. Woodboring beetles (e.g., Buprestidae and Cerambycidae) colonize dead and weakened trees and speed succession of habitats altered by fire or bark beetles, while serving as prey for some early-seral habitat specialists, including several woodpecker species. To understand how these ecologically important beetles respond to different sources of tree mortality, we sampled woodborers in 16 sites affected by wildfire or bark beetle outbreak in the previous one to eight years. Study sites were located in the Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau, Warner Mountains, and southern Cascades of California, USA. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate hypotheses concerning the response of woodboring beetles to disturbance type, severity, and timing; forest stand composition and structure; and tree characteristics. Results: Woodborer activity was often similar in burned and bark beetle outbreak sites, tempered by localized responses to bark beetle activity, burn severity, tree characteristics, and apparent response to ignition date. -
The Forestry Commission's Contingency Plan
Western Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura freemani), Eastern Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) Black-Headed Budworm (Acleris gloverana and Acleris variana) – Contingency Plan Combined Budworm: Draft contingency plan INTRODUCTION 1. Serious or significant pests require strategic-level plans developed at a national level describing the overall aim and high-level objectives to be achieved, and setting out the response strategy for eradicating or containing outbreaks. 2. The UK Plant Health Risk Group (PHRG) has commissioned, following identification by the UK Plant Health Risk Register, pest-specific contingency plans for those pests which pose the greatest risk and require stakeholder consultation. 3. The purpose of these pest-specific contingency plans is to ensure a rapid and effective response to outbreaks of the pests or diseases described. They are designed to help government agencies anticipate, assess, prepare for, prevent, respond to and recover from pest and disease outbreaks. 4. Contingency planning starts with the anticipation and assessment of potential threats, includes preparation and response, and finishes with recovery. Anticipate 5. Gathering information and intelligence about the pest, including surveillance and horizon scanning. Assess 6. Identifying concerns and preparing plans. 7. Setting outbreak management objectives Prepare 8. Ensuring staff and stakeholders are familiar with the pest. Response 9. Identifying the requirements for either containing or eradicating the pest or disease, including work to determine success. 10. The Defra Contingency Plan for Plant Health in England (in draft) gives details of the teams and organisations involved in pest and disease response in England, and their responsibilities and governance. It also 2 | Combined budworm contingency plan | Dafni Nianiaka | 24/01/2017 Combined Budworm: Draft contingency plan describes how these teams and organisations will work together in the event of an outbreak of a plant health pest. -
Notranja Naslovnica-Kolofon.Indd
Saproxylic beetles in Europe: monitoring, biology and conservation, p. 23–32 GDK 145.76(497.4) Biodiversity of saproxylic beetles of pine forests in Slovenia with emphasis on Monochamus species Maja Jurc1, Srdjan Bojovic2, Roman Pavlin3, Gregor Meterc4, Andreja Repe5, Danijel Borkovič6, Dušan Jurc7 Abstract From 2007 to 2010, we assessed the presence of entomofauna in two ecological regions of Slovenia on three locations: on limestone parent rock in monocultures of Pinus nigra, on flysch in a stand of Pinus halepensis (both in the Sub-mediterranean ecological region) and in a stand of Pinus sylvestris on brown soil (Pre-alpine ecological region). The samples were collected in one-month intervals from May to November using four cross vane funnel traps per location with wet collecting cups and attractants (ethanol+α- pinene, Pheroprax® and Gallowit®). Collected insects from the order Coleoptera belonged to the families Curculionidae (and subfam. Scolytinae), Cerambycidae and Buprestidae. The most important saproxylic groups were Scolytinae as the primary saproxylic beetles at 90.7% (21,820 specimens), containing 21 taxa and 18 species; Cerambycidae at 6.4 % (1534 specimens), 24 taxa, 20 species; Curculionidae at 2.5% (613 specimens), eight species and Buprestidae at 0.4% (90 specimens) and one species. With respect to the number of species identified, the most numerous family was Cerambycidae; the dominant species was Spondylis buprestoides, followed by Rhagium inquisitor, Arhopalus rusticus, Acanthocinus aedilis, Neoclytus acuminatus, Monochamus galloprovincialis, Leiopus nebulosus, Arhopalus ferus, Sticoleptura rubra and Cerambyx scopoli. Collected species of long-horned beetles represent ca. 10% of all known species of Cerambycidae in Slovenia. -
25Th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum On
US Department of Agriculture Forest FHTET- 2014-01 Service December 2014 On the cover Vincent D’Amico for providing the cover artwork, “…and uphill both ways” CAUTION: PESTICIDES Pesticide Precautionary Statement This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife--if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. Product Disclaimer Reference herein to any specific commercial products, processes, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States government. The views and opinions of wuthors expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the United States government, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C.