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En Torno a La Presencia Total (1934), De Louis Lavelle. La Experiencia Del Ser En La Filosofía Del Espíritu Francesa

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En Torno a La Presencia Total (1934), De Louis Lavelle. La Experiencia Del Ser En La Filosofía Del Espíritu Francesa Universidad de Salamanca Facultad de Filosofía En torno a La Presencia total (1934), de Louis Lavelle. La experiencia del ser en la filosofía del espíritu francesa. MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Imanol Bageneta Messeguer Bajo la dirección del Doctor: Luciano Espinosa Rubio Salamanca, 2020 IMANOL BAGENETA MESSEGUER En torno a La Presencia total (1934), de Louis Lavelle. La experiencia del ser en la filosofía del espíritu francesa. Tesis doctoral dirigida por el PROF. DR. D. LUCIANO ESPINOSA RUBIO UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Salamanca 2020 Fdo. Imanol Bageneta Messeguer D. Luciano Espinosa Rubio, profesor titular del Departamento de Filosofía, CERTIFICA Que la tesis doctoral de D. Imanol Bageneta Messeguer, titulada En torno a La Presencia total (1934), de Louis Lavelle. La experiencia del ser en la filosofía del espíritu francesa, ha sido realizada bajo mi dirección y reúne todos los requisitos para ser defendida ante tribunal. por lo que la considero APTA para optar al Grado de Doctor. Lo que firma en Salamanca, a 1 de septiembre de 2020. Dr. Luciano Espinosa Rubio Facultad de Filosofía Universidad de Salamanca Agradecimientos A los profesores de la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad de Salamanca, Dr. Pablo García Castillo, que me facilitó realizar mis primeras exposiciones de carácter filosófico y Dr. Luciano Espinosa Rubio, por su dirección, apoyo y orientaciones. Merece especial mención la ayuda facilitada para la investigación por parte de los responsables de la Biblioteca del Convento Dominico de San Esteban de Salamanca. Índice de contenido Agradecimientos..........................................................................................7 Índice de contenido......................................................................................9 Presentación..............................................................................................13 PRIMERA PARTE PROBLEMA Y MARCO TEÓRICO Capítulo 1. Marco teórico 18 1 Estado de la cuestión........................................................................21 2 Marco conceptual.............................................................................31 2.1. La primacía de la presencia ...................................................31 2.2. La conciencia y el yo..............................................................35 2.3. El concepto de experiencia.....................................................40 2.4. Condiciones generales del método dialéctico.........................41 3 Planteamiento del problema e interrogante de investigación...........44 Capítulo 2. Biografía y antecedentes de su pensamiento 47 1 Biografía...........................................................................................48 2 Presentación de su obra....................................................................54 2.1. Catalogación ..........................................................................61 2.2. Fuente de estudio: La presencia total.....................................65 3 Antecedentes.....................................................................................67 3.1. Intensificación de la vida interior...........................................71 3.2. El repliegue sobre mí mismo..................................................75 Capítulo 3. Breve panorama filosófico sobre el ser 79 1 Cuestiones relativas a la metafísica clásica......................................80 1.1. Los fundamentos últimos del ser en la metafísica griega.......81 1.2. Agustín de Hipona y Tomás de Aquino..................................84 2 Descartes y el espíritu francés..........................................................90 3 El fundamento activo del conocimiento en el idealismo..................94 4 La tradición de la filosofía del espíritu...........................................100 10 IMANOL BAGENETA 4.1. Maine de Biran y el sentido del esfuerzo.............................106 4.2. Jean Gaspard Félix Ravaisson-Mollien y el hábito..............109 4.3. Henri Bergson y los datos inmediatos de la conciencia........110 5 La fenomenología y el acceso a lo originario.................................116 6 La prioridad de la existencia..........................................................122 SEGUNDA PARTE LA ONTOLOGÍA DE LOUIS LAVELLE Capítulo 4. Ser y existencia 135 1 La presencia del ser como un acto inicial .....................................136 1.1. Categorías primarias de su ontología....................................139 1.2. Aportaciones del análisis sintáctico......................................141 1.3. Conclusiones.........................................................................145 2 De l'existence (1912)......................................................................146 3 Conclusión .....................................................................................154 Capítulo 5. La doctrina de Acto y participación 158 1 La actividad operante del acto........................................................161 1.1. No se participa en un ser trascendente..................................166 1.2. Una experiencia inicial ........................................................167 1.3. Una explicación de la totalidad............................................170 2 La identidad del ser y del acto es la clave de la metafísica............174 3 Algunas conclusiones.....................................................................177 TERCERA PARTE EN TORNO A LA PRESENCIA TOTAL Capítulo 6. La experiencia interior 183 1 Independiente de toda estructura formal........................................183 1.1. Crítica de la primacía de la experiencia................................188 1.2. La contemplación del ser......................................................189 2 Vida espiritual e interioridad..........................................................195 2.1. El papel del equilibrio y de la afectividad............................197 2.2. Una expansión más allá del interés personal........................202 2.3. La patencia del ideal.............................................................205 2.4. La conversión no es específicamente religiosa.....................208 2.5. La libertad y las posibilidades que me pertenecen...............213 AGRADECIMIENTOS 11 3 Conclusiones..................................................................................216 Capítulo 7. La presencia total 219 1 Introducción...................................................................................222 2 El estado de inmediatez..................................................................225 3 Quatre saints. (De la sainteté)........................................................232 3.1. La densidad significativa de los símbolos............................235 3.2. La oscuridad alberga un contenido real................................240 3.3. El carácter vacío de la presencia...........................................243 4 Reflexión........................................................................................245 Conclusiones 248 Índice de autores 259 Bibliografía 261 I. Fuentes.............................................................................................261 II. Bibliografía secundaria...................................................................263 Presentación Este pequeño libro expresa un acto de confianza en el pensamiento y en la vida. (Louis Lavelle, La presencia total) La pretensión de este trabajo, seguramente más ambiciosa que su resultado, ha sido investigar sobre la conciencia, una facultad del entendimiento que reconocemos como un agente que percibe los datos de la reflexión y que nos revela el contacto con la realidad en donde vivimos. Representa la manifestación más inmediata de nuestra intimidad y se identifica, en el lenguaje común, con vivencias y términos heredados, muchos de ellos, de la tradición filosófica, cuando no de especulaciones religiosas. En ningún caso se encuentra exenta de problemas la índole de dicha entidad –aunque dentro de ella uno se sienta naturalmente seguro–: antes de nada, la conciencia existe; por ello, justo en el momento en que se exhibe ante sí misma, se oculta. El carácter originario de esta intuición, la forma en la que se revela en su relación con el ser y las modalidades con las que la describimos son los ejes fundamentales de la filosofía de Louis Lavelle (1883- 1951), un autor que ocupó la cátedra de filosofía del Collège de France en 1941, que es el lugar en donde enseña hasta su muerte. Lavelle plantea una filosofía reflexiva, independiente de todo contexto histórico-social y de cualquier cosmología teológica. Su interés es mostrar cómo al inscribir la existencia en el ser descubro una realidad que me desborda y, a la vez, me facilita desarrollar cuestiones determinantes sobre mi propia significación. Partiendo de esta perspectiva, su pensamiento se encuadra dentro de la tradición de 14 IMANOL BAGENETA la filosofía del espíritu, un movimiento interesado por buscar los primeros principios de la realidad consciente y por dilatar progresivamente el ámbito individual de la interioridad, todo ello con objeto de acceder a la realidad del ser e iluminar una peculiar experiencia antropológica. Lavelle no hablará de un ser lejano o exterior al sujeto que reside en un más allá de lo que se nos aparece. El ser se hace presente en el sujeto de una forma ineludible: el sujeto se encuentra, él mismo, inscrito en el ser1. Esta idea constituye el eje discursivo de nuestro trabajo y es, a la vez, uno de los puntos
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