10658 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April, 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

CLAUDE BERNARD SCIENCE JOUR­ United States will accept for publication any for understanding. I am sick of the total ir­ NALISM AWARDS manuscript containing data derived from rationality of the campus "rebel," whose animal experiments if the editors have reason bearded visage, dirty hair, body odor and to believe, or even suspect, that the animals "tactics" are childish but brutal, naive but: HON. PAUL J. FANNIN in question were mishandled in any way. dangerous, and the essence of arrogant tyr­ OF ARIZONA Further, Morse, had he Wished to do so, anny-the tyranny of spoiled brats. could have discovered that positively no fed­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES eral research grants are awarded to any scien­ SOFT TOUCH Tuesday, April 7, 1970 tist or institution Without an on-site inspec­ I am terribly disturbed that I may be in­ tion of laboratory and animal facilities and cubating more of the same. Our household Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, the Na­ methods, plus a careful screening of the is permissive, our approach to discipline is tional Society for Medical Research has scientists themselves. an apology and a retreat from standards­ honored an Arizona writer for "respon­ Federal laws governing animal research are usually accompanied by a gift in cash or sible science reporting which has made extremely rigid and detailed, and are strictly kind. a significant contribution to public un­ enforced. It's time to call a halt; time to live in an Another indication of the author's lack of adult world where we belong and time to derstanding of basic research in the life scientific knowledge is shown in his sugges­ put these people in their places. We owe the sciences, including medicine." tion that scientists use tissue cultures in­ "younger generation" what all "older gen­ Mr. Julian DeVries of the Arizona Re­ stead of live animals in their experiments. erations" have owed younger generations-­ public received an award for his medical Tissue cultures, of course, have their place in love, protection to a point, and respect when column entitled, "New Book's Claims to the laboratory, but they cannot by any they deserve it. Science Invalid." stretch of the imagination substitute for the We do not owe them our souls, our pri­ His work was judged by a distinguished living animal itself. vacy, our whole lives, and above all, we do Antivivisectionism, the case Morse's book not owe them immunity from our mistakes, panel of judges from the medical and pleads, may have been a valid cause in the or their own. medical-journalism world. A spokesman experimental era before the turn of the cen­ Every generation makes mistakes, always for the society congratulated all the tury, but today modern methods and laws has and always will. We have made our share. award winners on the high caliber of sci­ have rendered it obsolete. But my generation has made America the ence writing evident in their work. most affluent country on earth; it has tackled Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ head-on, a. racial problem which no nation sent that the article be printed in the on earth in the history of mankind had dared REBELLION, SURE-TO SLAP DOWN to do. Extensions of Remarks. It has publicly declared war on poverty There being no objection the article THE SLOBS and it has gone to the moon; it has deseg­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, regated schools and abolished polio; it has as follows: HON. RICHARD L. ROUDEBUSH presided over the beginning of what ls prob­ MEDICAL SPOTLIGHT: NEW BOOK'S CLAIMS TO ably the greatest social and economic rev­ OF INDIANA SCIENCE INVALID olution in man's history. (By Julian DeVries) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It has begun these things, not finished Tuesday, April 7, 1970 them. It has declared itself, and committed A book entitled "Ordeal of the Animals," itself, and taxed itself and damn near run by Mel Morse has been published by Prentice­ Mr. ROUDEBUSH. Mr. Speaker, Don­ itself into the ground in the cause of social Hall of Englewood Cliffs, N.J. The 212-page, ald Johnson, the Administrator for the justice and reform. indexed volume sells for $5.95. Its mistakes are fewer than my father's The blurb on the back of the dust jacket Veterans' Administration, has brought to generation---or his father's, or his. Its great­ states in part: "Mr. Morse has carefully dis­ my attention an outstanding article est mistake is not Vietnam; it is the abdica­ criminated between valid and invalid experi­ published March 22, 1970, in the Cedar tion of its first responsibility, its pusillani­ mentation methods ..." Rapids, Iowa, Gazette. mous capitulation to its youth, and its sick The writer of the blurb and the author of I found this article by Prof. K. Ross preoccupation with the problems, the mind, the book should have synchTonized their Toole one of the most enlightening and the psyche, the raison d'etre of the young. typewriters on that one. A reading of the commonsense observations of the con­ Since when have children ruled this coun­ book will show that the only discrimination try? By virtue of what is right, by what ac­ exhibited by the author is against scientific temporary scene that has come to my at­ tention in recent months. complishment should thousands of teen­ research. agers, wet behind the ears and utterly with­ Morse's allegations regarding the use of I commend the following article to all out the benefit of having lived long enough animals in medical research are Without Members of Congress: to have either judgment or wisdom, became foundation, as anyone who would take the REBELLION, SURE-TO SLAP DOWN THE SLOBS the sages of our time? trouble to check could establish. The psychologists, the educators and For example, the author writes that most (By K. Ross Toole) (NOTE.-The author 1s a faculty member preachers say the young are rebelling against animals used in re.search a.re stolen pets. This our archaic mores and morals, our material­ 1s untrue. at the University of Montana, holds a Ph.D. from UCLA and formerly was director of the istic approaches to life, our failures in di­ Scientists use especially bred animals of plomacy, our terrible ineptitude in racial known genetic background in their research. Montana Historical Society, director of the Museum of the City of New York, director o:t matters, our narrowness as parents, our Randomly chosen animals, such as pets, blindness to the root ills of society. Balder­ stolen or otherwise, make poor-in fa.ct the Museum of New Mexico and a rancher dash. worthless-experimental material. in Montana. His treatise, written originally Also, the book charges that animal experi­ as a letter to a brother, is reprinted from the Society hangs together by the stitching of ments often a.re unnecessarily repeated. Billings Gazette.) many threads. No 18-year-old is simply the Experiments are, in fact, repeated but not I am 49 years old. It took me many years product of his 18 years; he is the product unnecessarily. Checking and rechecking is and considerable anguish to get where I of 3,000 yea.rs of the development of man­ the backbone of scientific method. Research­ am-which isn't much of anyplace except kind-and throughout those years, injus­ ers must be absolutely certain that sought­ exurbia. I was nurtured in depression; I lost tice has existed and been fought; rules have after results Will be uniform always. four years to war; I am invested with sweat; grown outmoded and been changed; doom Further, Morse alleges that animal experi­ I have had one coronary; I am a "liberal" has hung over men and been avoided; un­ ments involving pain a.re carried out Without square and I am a professor. I am sick of the just wars have occurred; pa.in has been the benefit of anesthesia. He charges also that "younger generation," hippies, yippies, mm­ cost of progress-and man has persevered. housing, feeding and postoperative care of tants and nonsense. TOLERANT ex.pe't'imenta.J. animals are grossly cruel and I am a professor of history at the Univer­ As a professor and the father of seven, I inadequate. sity of Montana., and I am supposed to have have watched this new generation and con­ Obviously, Morse has failed to look in on "liaison" with the young. Worse still, I am. cluded that most of them are fine. A minor­ some of the modern experimental labora­ father of seven children. They range in age ity are not--and the trouble iS that minority tories or to check with any of the reputable from seven to 23-and I am fed up with non­ threatens to tyrannize the majority a.nd take scientific Journals or those who write for sense. over. them. I am tired of being blamed, maimed and I dislike that minority; I a.m aghast that Inquiry would have brought forth the fa.ct contrite; I am tired of tolerance and the the majority "takes" it a.nd allows itsell to that no established medical journal in the reaching out (which is always my function) be used. And I ad.dress myself to both the April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10659 minority and the majority. I speak partly as Knowing this, why do we listen subservi­ is our cam.puses. This does not mean a flood a historian, partly as a father and partly as ently to the violent tacticians of the new of angry edicts, a sudden clamp-down, a one fed up, middle-aged and angry member generation? Either they have total victory "new" policy. of the so-called "establlshment"-which, by by Wednesday next or burn down our care­ It simply means that faculties should stop the way, ls nothing but a euphemlsm for fully built barricades in adolescent pique; playing chicken, that demonstrators should "society." either they win now or flee off to a commune be met not with the police but with expul­ Common courtesy and a regard for the and quit; either they solve all problems this sions. The power to expel (strangely unused) opinions of others is not merely a decoration week or join a wrecking crew of paranoids. has been the legitimate recourse of univer­ on the pie crust of society, it is the heart of Youth has always been characterized by sities since 1209. the pie. Too many "youngsters" are egocen­ impatient idealism. If it were not, there More importantly it means that at fresh­ tric boors. They will not listen, they will would be no change. But impatient idealism man orientation, whatever form it takes, the only shout down. They will not discuss but, does not extend to guns, fire bombs, riots, administration should set forth the ground like four year olds, they throw rocks and vicious arrogance, and instant gratification. rules--not belligerently but forthrightly. shout. That is not idealism; it is childish tyranny. BOOT 'EM OUT Arrogance ls obnoxious; it is also destruc­ The worst of it is that we (professors and tive. Society has classically ostracized arro­ faculties in particular) in a paroxysm of Expulsion is a dreaded verdict. The admin­ gance without the backing of demonstrable self-abnegation and apology, go along, abdi­ istration merely needs to make it clear, quite accomplishment. cate, apologize as if we had personally created dispassionately, that expulsion is the in­ Why, then, do we tolerate arrogant slobs the ills of the world-and thus lend ourselves evitable consequence of violation of the rules. who occupy our homes, our administration to chaos. We are the led, not thl leaders. And Among the rules, even though it seems gra­ buildings, our streets and parks, urinating we are fools. tuitous, should be these: on our beliefs and defiling our premises? It As a professor I meet the activists and revo­ 1. Violence, armed or otherwise, the force­ is not the police we need (our generation lutionaries every day. They are inexcusably ful occupation of buildings, the intimidation and theirs) , it is an expression of our dis­ ignorant. If you want to make a revolution, by covert or overt act of any student or gust and disdain. do you not study the ways to do it? Of course faculty member or administrative personnel, Yet we do more than permit it, we dignify not! the occupation of any university property, it with introspective flagellation. Somehow it Che Guevarra becomes their hero. He field, park, build'...lg, lot or other place, shall is our fault. Balderdash again! failed; he died in the Jungles of Bolivia with be cause for expulslon. Sensitivity is not the property of the an army of six. His every move was a mis­ 2. The disruption of any class, directly young, nor was it invented in 1950. The calculation and a mistake. Mao Tse-tung and or indirectly, by voice or presence or the young of any generation have felt the same Ho Chi Minh led revolutioru based on a destruction of any university property, shall impulse to grow, to reach out, to touch stars, peasantry and an overwhelmingly ancient be cause for expulsion. to live freely and to let the minds loose rural economy. They are the pattern-makers This is neither new nor revolutionary. It a.long unexplored corridors. for the SDS and the student militants. is one of the oldest rights and necessities Young men and young women have always I have yet to talk to an "activist" who has of the university community. stood on the same hill and felt the same read Crane Brinton's, "The Anatomy of The failure of university administrators vague sense of restraint that separated them Revolution", or who is familiar with the to use it is one of the mysteries of our per­ from the ultimate experience-the sudden works of Jefferson, Washington, Paine, Adams missive age--and the blame must fall largely and complete expansion of the minds, the or even Marx or Engels. And I have yet to talk on faculties because they have consistently final fulfillment. It is one of the oldest, to a student militant who has read about pressured administrators not to act. sweetest and most bitter experiences of man­ racism elsewhere and/or who understands, Suppose the students refuse to recognize kind. even primitively, the long and wonderous expulsions, suppose they march, riot, strike. UNORIGINAL struggle of the NAACP and the genius of The police? No. The matter, by prearrange­ Today's young people did not invent it; Martin Luther King-whose name they in­ ment, publicly stated, should then pass to they do not own it. And what they seek to variably take in vain. the courts. If buildings are occupied, the court enjoins attain, all mankind has sought to attain lNCOMPETENT throughout the ages. the participating students. It has the awful Shall we, therefore, approve the presumed An old and scarred member of the wars of power to declare them in contempt. If vio­ attainment of it through heroin, speed, LSD organized labor in the U.S. in the 1930s, re­ lence ensues, it is in violation of the court's and other drugs? Shall we, permissively, let cently remarked to me: "These 'radicals' order. couldn't organize well enough to produce a Courts are not subject to fears, not part them poison themselves simply because, as sensible platform let alone revolt their way in most other respects, we feel vaguely guilty of the action. An,~ what militant will shout out of a paper bag." obscenities in court with contempt hanging because we brought them into this world? But they can, because we let them, destroy Again, it is not police raids and tougher over his head? our universities, make our parks untenable, Too simple? Not at all. ·Merely an old proc­ laws that we need; it is merely strength. The make a shambles of our streets, and insult strength to explain, in our potty, middle­ ess which we seem to have forgotten. It is too our flag. direct for those who seek to employ Freudian aged way, that what they seek, we sought; I assert that we are in trouble with this that it is somewhere but not here and sure analysis, too positive for "academic senates" younger generation not because we have who long for philosophical debate and too as hell not in drugs; that, in the meanwhile, failed our country, not because of affluence they will cease and desist the poison game. prosaic for those who seek orgiastic self con­ or stupidity, not because we are antediluvian, demnation. And this we must explain early and hard­ not because we are middle-class material­ and then police it ourselves. This is a country ful: of decent, worried ists-but simply because we have failed to people like myself. It is also a country full Society, "the establishment," is not a for­ keep that generation in its place and we have eign thing we seek to impose on the young. of people fed up with nonsense. We need failed to put them 1:>ack there when they got (those of us over 30), tax ridden, harried, We know it ls far from perfect. We did not out of it. make it; we have only sought to change it. confused, weary and beat-up, to reassert We have the power; we do not have the our hard-won prerogatives. The fact that we have only be-:::i minimally wilL We have the right, we have not exercised It is our country too. We have fought for successful is the story of all generations­ it. as it will be the story of the generation com­ it, bled for it, dreamed for it, and we love it. To the extent that we now rely on the It is time to reclaim it. ing up. Yet we have worked up a number of police, Mace, the national guard, tear gas, wonders. steel '.fences and a wringing of hands, we will We have changed it. We e.re deeply con­ fail. cerned about our failures; we have not What we need is a reappraisal of our own solved the racial problem but we have faced middle-class selves, our worth and our hard­ AIR WAVE POLLUTION it; we are terribly worried about the degrada­ won progress. We need to use disdain, not tion of our environment, about injustices, Mace; we need to reassess a weapon we came inequities, the military-industrial complex by the hard way, by travail and labor, firm HON. PAUL J. FANNIN and bureaucracy. authority as parents, teachers, business men, OF ARIZONA But we have attack.ed these things. We workers and politicians. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES have, all our lives, taken arms against our The vast majority of our children from one sea of troubles-and fought effectively. But to 20 are fine kids. We need to back this ma­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 we also have fought with a rational knowl­ jority with authority and with the fl.rm con­ Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, few as, edge of the strength of our adversary; and. viction that we owe it to them and to our­ above all, knowing that the war is one of selves. pects of American life have become more attrition in which the "unconditional sur­ Enough of apology, enough of analysis, alarming than the growing trend toward render" of the forces of evil is not about to enough of our abdication of responsibility, permissiveness, pornography, and pollu­ occur. enough of the denial of our own maturity tion. We win, if we win at an, slowly and pain­ a.nd good sense. In the case of one licensee before the Iully. That is the kind of war society has The best place to start is at home. But, the Federal Communications Commission, always fought-because man is what he 18. most practical a.nd effective place, right now, all these elements are wrapped in one. 10660 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April ·7, 1J70 I am referring specifically to the Pacifica General Richard R. Kleindienst told Barron's N.J., which said that on January 10, 1969, Foundation and the stations which it that nothing involving Pacifica has been WBAI broadcast programs of Black Pan­ operates around the Nation. brought to his attention. thers, including Mrs. Eldridge Cleaver, in By the time the Pacifica case proceeds from which "they spoke at length on the reasons Mrs. Shirley Scheibla, Washington the hearings before a trial examiner and for eliminating certain members of the editor for Barron's magazine, has de­ reaches the full Commission, the term of one Negro community who did not conform to tailed some of the actions of this group of its most liberal members, Kenneth Cox, their standards of militancy. The elimina­ and the apparent difficulty the FCC staff Will have expired. Thus, Pacifica also is likely tion in the context of the discussion was has encountered in keeping track of the to supply an indication of whether a new a clear synonym for murder, and I cannot financial "angels" who are behind this Republican majority will reverse the liberal help but be concerned about its effect upon river of filth which is allowed on the bias which the agency has displayed to date a la.rge and perhaps unsophisticated radio in broadcasting licensing. The case also will audience. I note that the station Folio (pro­ public airways. indicate how far FCC's ultra-liberal com­ gram guide) presents these Black Panther I note that hearings will begin on April missioner, Nicholas Johnson, can go without programs on a. regular basis, and it is possi­ 21 to determine the fitness of this appli­ disqualification. ble that this poison is being broadcast with cant in relation to Washington, D.C., re­ The record indicates that the FCC should alarming frequency." maining as an available educational FM have considered most of these questions in Robert V. Cahill, legislative assistant to radio channel. I hope that in the hear­ a public hearing and acted on them long ago. the FCC chairman, wrote Senator Javits: ings it will be possible to develop the FCC's complaint :files bulge with letters and "If Mr. Thomas has reason to believe that pertinant information as to who supplies telegrams-some dating back years--from station WBAI has failed on an overall basis citizens voicing alarm over Paci:fica's pro­ to present opposing viewpoints on any such the finances for this operation and to grams and beseeching the Commission to issue and will furnish specific factual evi­ examine closely the motives behind the act. On June 2, 1969, Mrs. Hans K. Ury of dence, the Commission will make appropri­ perpetration of this verbal pornography. Berkeley wrote the FCC about the role she ate inquiries." Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ said KPFA played in the so-called People's All Pacifica stations, including WBAI, read­ sent that the article be printed in the Park riot. According to her letter, KPFA ily acknowledge that they regularly broad­ Extensions of Remarks. broadcast appeals by Max Scheer, editor of cast programs by homosexuals for homosex­ the underground publication, Berkeley Barb, uals. When one listener requested time un­ There being no objection the article der the fairness doctrine to present his case to for reinforcements to go to the site to battle was ordered be printed in the RECORD, the police. against homosexuality, WBAI responded to as follows: The complaint prompted an FCC letter of FCC that "the tone and content of his lit­ [From Barron's, Apr. 6, 1970] erature has not indicated to us that he would inquiry to the station, which drew this re­ be able to contribute constructively to a Am WAVE POLLUTION-THE PACIFICA FOUNDA­ sponse from station manager Alfred Sil­ discussion of the general issues." FCC ap­ TION HAS BROADCAST IT FOR YEARS boWitz: "Mrs. Ury's allegations are without parently let the matter drop. WASHINGTON, D.C.-On April 21 the Fed­ foundation. Station personnel at no time en­ On December 26, 1968, Lester Campbell, a eral Communications Commission will open couraged listeners to oppose the police or former teacher of Afro-American History at hearings on competing applications for this to go to the scene of the news event that a. junior high school in New York, read a. city's last available educational FM radio was being covered." The files indicate no blatantly anti-Semitic poem over WBAI. staition. The proceedings should attract na­ further action by the Commission, although Over the same station on January 23, 1969, tionwide autention, if only because one o! a wire from Martin Rabkin to the FCC in­ Tyrone Woods, representing Concerned Par­ the applicants is the ultra-leftist Pacifica dicated that KPFA was ordered by the ents and Students of Bedford-Stuyvesant, Foundation. Though Pacifica has been Berkeley police to stop its live, on-the-scene said, in part: "What Hitler did to six million highly controversial ever since FCC licensed broadcasting of the riot. Jews is nothing in terms of what has been it to operate its initial radio sta.tion 20 years A letter to the Commission from David done to black folks over hundreds of years. ago, this will be the Commission's first hear­ Bolender of Long Beach alleges that on . . . As far as I am concerned, more power ing involving the Foundation, which now March 7, 1969, a member of the Black Pan­ to Hitler. Hitler didn't make enough lamp­ has five. It began launching its fifth, in thers said over KPFK that Los Angeles po­ shades out of them." Houston, early this month, and its right to lice kill black babies and exhorted his audi­ The poem was dedicated to Albert Shanker continue to operate hangs upon the outcome ence to kill the Los Angeles police. Again, head of the United Federation of Teachers, of the Washington case. Harvey S. Frey, M.D., of Los Angeles wired and brought a prompt protest to FCC from the Commission, "I request that you obtain the Federation's director of public relations, According to FCC files and the Congres­ and save a tape of the program, 'Black Is sional Record, programs broadcast recently Dan Sanders. Representative Emanuel Cel­ Beautiful,' broadcast by KPFA on February ler (D., N.Y.), himself Jewish and chairman over wholly-owned Pacifica stations have fea­ 16, 1969. The statements made by the host tured regular news commentaries by iden­ of the House Judiciary Committee, said the of the program at about 5:50 p.m. consti­ Constitutional guarantee of freedom of tified Communists and Black Panthers, tapes tute in my mind a direct incitement to riot, made by Radio Hanoi, Red Chinese propa­ speech does not allow WBAI to ignore "the murder and robbery." clear and present danger in permitting a.nti­ ganda and advocacy of blowing up police sta­ Complaint files on Paci:fica's New York tions and fire houses. Hence the case Willy­ Semitic views to be sent over the air." station, WBAI, are even thicker. On April 7, Swamped with other complaints, FCC in­ nilly involves official clarification of funda­ 1968, Robert Potter of Clifton, N.J., wrote mental issues of public policy. For one thing, vestigated and found that WBAI afforded that after the death of Martin Luther King, adequate opportunity for the presentation of it raises the question of whether such pro­ WBAI carried a speech which urged listen­ opposite viewpoints, though there is no evi­ gramming is in the public interest, which ers "to blow up power plants, police stations dence in the public files that such view­ the Commission, in the licensing of broad­ and water stations in retribution for the points actually were broadcast. The Commis­ casters, is supposed to serve. Is it proper to death of our leader." That same month, sion took no further action in the case. ban cigaret advertising because smoking Herman H. Kahn of New York expressed con­ Francis X. Worthington, chief of the Civil might be detrimental to health, but con­ cern about a. WBAI broadcast of a news Section of the Internal Security Division of tinue to license Pacifica stations which time report from Moscow consisting of verbatim the Justice Department, told Barron's that and again have allegedly advocated mass vio­ quotations of Pravda and Izvestia concern­ in his opinion, incitement to riot is not lence and murder? Is such programming pro­ ing the assassination of Dr. King. Mr. Kahn actionable unless a broadcast advocates a tected by the Constitutional guarantee of said it was "a thinly veiled call to arms, riot specific time and place for a riot. Asked if freedom of speech and/ or the legislative ban and revolution. . . . I was told in advance he believed the Department could prosecute on censorship? about this broadcast by Negro friends who for a broadcast advocating blowing up po­ The hearings may result in a tightened advised that a telephone cha.in squad was lice stations, he said he did not believe so FCC definition of an educational broad­ formed to urge Negroes throughout the met­ unless it said which police station and when. caster. They also may focus public attention ropolitan area to tune to this station.... He explained that he based his opinion on on the failure of the Commission to investi­ If ever there was a. call to riot, this was it. the U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Yates gate the financial backing of applicants once If ever there was a shout of :fire in a crowded case. In that case the high tribunal ruled they qualify as "educational." theater, this was it." advocacy of violence legal if it is "divorced The case already has shown how little the William B. Ray, Chief of the FCC Com­ from any effort to instigate action toward agency does to keep track of over 7 ,600 sta­ plaints and Compliance Division, replied to that end." tions now operating under '.icense. The FCC Mr. Kahn that the Commission must not FCC's new chairman, Dean Burch, asked if has no monitoring staff; a complaints branch censor, and that expressions of views which he felt FCC could move against broadcasters of exactly :five full-time people handles com­ involve no clear and present danger of seri­ who carry programs advocating blowing up plaints involving all of them. It also has re­ ous substantive evil come under the protec­ police and fire stations, replied, "Of course we vealed how matters of great import referred tion of Constitutional guarantees of free can; that's against the law." to the Justice Department sometimes fail to speech. FCC need not rely on complaints to realize reach the top authorities. Thus, while the Senator Jacob K. Javits (R., N.Y.) for­ that Pacifica presents highly controversial Pacifica case involves allegations of subver­ warded to the Commission a letter from M.I. programs. The Foundation has :filed With the sion and incitement to riot, Deputy Attorney Thomas, president of Tempco of Passaic, Commission examples of its programming, April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10661 which include the following: "From the Cen­ good people who are the lifeblood of our On the basis of information obtained from ter: On China. Although the People's Re­ nation, and I cannot see how _you can al­ Government sources, the Foundation, and public of China refused to send a representa­ low them to continue." our own inquiry. we do not find any evidence tive to the Pacem in Terris II Convocation in The files also contain a letter of Septem­ warranting further inquiry into the qualifi­ Geneva, their view was forcefully expressed ber 16, 1968, addressed to Mr. Neidich and cations in this respect of Pacifica. Founda­ by Paul T. K. Lin, associate professor of signed by Mr. Johnson, in which the Com­ tion." history at McGill University in Canada. This missioner said, in part, "One problem in Though FCC today still quotes from that tape is one in the series produced by the dealing with this type of concern ls that portion of the decision in answering com­ Fund for the Republic project, the Center the Commission may not censor programs plaints on Pacifica, there is nothing to show for the Study of Democratic Institutions, unless they are clearly obscene. And as you the findings of that inquiry in the public files Santa Barbara, Calif.... know the legal standards for obscenity are of the agency. At the request of Barron's an "Washington Confrontation. A weekly not completely clear.". FCC official looked into FCC's confidential series in which a panel of journalists inter­ Several members of Congress have asked files and said they also contained nothing on view politicians, political figures, civil serv­ for an exhaustive FCC investigation of Pa­ the matter. Several officials who were with ants and other Washingtonians. Panelists cifica. and for an opportunity to present their FCC at the time of the inquiry said they re­ are Seymour Hirsch, author of Chemical and information on the foundation to the Com­ ceived no report on it. Biological Warfare; Andrew Kopkind, U.S. mission during a hearing. They have been On November 11, 1963, The New York Times correspondent for the New Statesman and a curtly told that they should have filed a reported, "Directors of the Pacifica. Founda­ contributing editor of Mayday (Barron's, formal petition within a stated time period. tion decided yesterday against filling out January 12); James Ridgeway, also of May­ questionnaires submitted by the Federal day, and Lee Webb, Washington correspond­ Though the Commission has not so in­ formed them, they could appear as witnesses Communications Commission on possible ent of Ramparts. . . . Communist affiliations.... The FCC had "Colin Wilson: Human Evolution and the (for the competing applicants) at the April hearing. called for sworn answers from the founda­ New Psychology. Mr. Wilson discusses the tion's executive members, directors, officers natural sciences and their effect on psychol­ A former FCC member flatly states: "Pa­ and general managers on whether they had ogy, touching on LSD and other mind­ cifica is the most outstanding case in point ever belonged to the Communist party or any changing drugs. The talk was delivered in demonstrating the Commission's liberal bias in licensing." The foundation's first license organization teaching or advocating forcible San Francisco at the Esa.len Institute lecture overthrow of the Government. series." was for KPFA in Berkeley back in 1949. At But still the complaints about Pacifica pro­ According to the Congressional Record of that time the station was affiliated with a grams poured into the Commission. When the February 8, 1966, Pacifica stations broadcast university and won an "educational" rating. Thereafter, according to Congressional tes­ foundation applied for renewal of its Cali­ parts of tapes produced by Radio Hanoi, made fornia licenses, FCC wrote it that the com­ copies and then turned them over to the FBI. timony, all new Pa..cifica. stations automati­ cally were classified as "educational" with­ plaints raised questions as to whether "you They reportedly urged the United States to have conformed to your own program super­ withdraw from Vietnam and suggested ways out the need for a university affiliation or other qualification for such status. The classi­ visory policies and procedures on which FCC for American soldiers to avoid serving there. relied in granting your prior renewals." A broadcast of Radio Hanoi monitored by fication meant that Pacifica stations did not have to disclose their financial backing to Pacifica replied that because of some the U.S. government reported on an inter­ changes in personnel there had been devia­ view North Vietnamese Minister of State the FCC. In 1954 Pacifica acquired a license for a tions from Pacifica policies and procedures, Xuan Thuy, gave to Robert Rinaldo of but that it had sent a memorandum to all Pacifica. in Paris in 1968. According to the second Bergeley station, KPFB. According to Commissioner Cox: "When Pacifica. sought a personnel and volunteers to make sure they monitored version of August 14, 1968, the did not recur. An FCC official says the agency interview carried this statement by Minister second station in the Berkeley area to fill a gap in its coverage the Commission itself failed to check up on whether the memoran­ Thuy: "In South Vietnam under the leader­ dum was enforced, and there is nothing in ship of the NFLSV, the Liberation armed suggested . . . that the Foundation could perhaps qualify for an educational FM chan­ . the public files of the Commission to indi­ forces and people have won ever greater vic­ cate such a check. Pacifica. continued to win tories in their fight against the U.S. aggres­ nel . . . . In many cases the only aspect of the station's operations which has educa­ license renewals without hearings. sors and their lackeys. At present, they are Pacifica was discussed at a one-day hearing stepping up the People's War and launching tional overtones is that the facility is used to train students in broadcast techniques." last December, chiefly on the subject of ob­ continuous attacks to annihilate a. great scenity, before the Senate Communications number of puppet troops and to wrest back In 1954 the Commission also announced a. proposed rule which would have denied a Subcommittee. Commissioner Cox testified real power t_o the people so that the United . that FCC doesn't know where Pacifica. gets States will find it impossible to continue its radio license to anyone who was a. com­ munist or not of good moral character .Paci­ its funds. At this point, Sena.tor Edward J. war of aggression and materialize its neo­ Gurney (R., Fla.) asked, "Don't you think colonialism in South Vietnam." fica blasted the proposal as an unconstitu­ tional extension of regulatory power. In 1960, it would be a good idea if you found out the Some Congressmen who have told the sources of funds for the Pacifica stations Commission they do not believe it is in the with the rule-ma.king proceeding still pend­ ing, FCC a.warded Pacifica still another sta­ particularly in view of your testimony that public interest to license Pacifica stations Pacifica. broadcasts Communistic material as have received scorching letters from Max D. tion, WBAI in New York City. By 1962 FCC dropped the proceeding, with­ well as other stuff?" Paglin, FCC executive director, telling them Commissioner Johnson seems · to know that it is not appropriate to comment on out adopting the anti-Communist rule. The following year the Senate Internal Security more about Pacifica•s finances than Com­ "pending adjudicatory matters." missioner Cox. In March 1969 he said that Commissioner Nicholas Johnson refers to Subcommittee held extensive hearings on alleged Communist influence in Pacifica Pacifica. stations are not primarily supported Pacifica in a new book he has written, How by public grants or private foundations. "The to Talk Back to Your TV Set. On pages 212- Despite many startling disclosures, the sub-· committee never issued a report, a.nd no stations are sustained by contributions from 213, he says: "Many communities have the action resulted. the listeners in their respective communi­ blessing of community-supported non-com­ ties." Their ability to survive, according to mercial stations. The Pacifica Foundation On January 22, 1964, FCC renewed Pa.­ cifica's licenses for its stations in Berkeley Mr. Johnson, proves they a.re serving the operates radio stations WBAI in New York public. KPFA in Berkeley and KPRK (sic) in L~ and New York and, without a hearing, gave it a new license for an educational station However, information on file with the FCC Angeles. It has recently begun a new station in Los Angeles. The decision said nothing in connection with Pacifica.'s Houston ap­ in Houston." a.bout how any of the stations happened to plication, and stamped, "Received Septem­ Last December Commissioner Johnson told qualify for educational status. It did say, in ber 30, 1969," indicates that J. R. Parten the Senate Communications Subcommittee part, however: "Under the public interest pledged _$10,000 to Pacifica for construction "I have never received in my office, to my standard, it is relevant and important for the of its Houston station. According to in­ knowledge, a letter from anyone complaining Commission to determine in certain cases formation on file with the Internal Revenue about a Pacifica program." However, FCC files whether its applicants, or the principals or Service, Jubal R. Parten is a director of the contain a letter dated August 19, 1968, ad­ its applicants, for broadcast licenses or radio Fund for the Republic. dressed to Mr. Johnson from Michael I operator licenses, are members of the Com­ The Fund initially was created with a con­ Neidich of 302 McCall Avenue, West Islip: munist Party or of organizations which ad­ tribution of $15 million from the Ford N.Y., who identifies himself as "Electronic vocate or teach overthrow of the Govern­ Foundation. At the 1963 Senate hearings, Engineer, MIT '60." Mr. Neidich wrote in pa.rt ment by force or violence. . . . The Com­ Catherine Cory Gumpertz, then a Pacifica "I would like to register a complaint con~ mission therefore has followed a policy o:f vice president, testified that Paciflca's cerning FM radio station WBAI in New York inquiring as to Communist Party member­ KPFA had received support from the Ford City ... My children of impressionable age ship in these radio licensing situations where Foundation. (She also acknowledged having have access to my FM receiver, and at 7 a.m., it has information making such inquiry ap­ been a Communist.) She disclosed that Paci­ they should not be subjected to the vocab­ propriate. Because of information coming to fica had received a contribution from Con­ ulary which so often emanates from this the Commission's attention from several sumers' Union Foundation. station. . . . I can only interpret the pro­ sources, the Commission requested informa­ ms information also shows that the term gramming of WBAI a direct affront to the tion from Pacifica. Foundation on this score. of Hallock Hoffman as the Fund's secretary- 10662 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 treasurer expired in November 1969. Accord­ Nevertheless, Commissioners Johnson and In his brief television message the Pres­ ing to Pacifica's application for the Washing­ Oox, in a joint dissent, have said the deci­ ident took care to emphasize that the ma­ ton station, Mr. Hoffman is chairman of the sion to hold a hearing on Pacifica (for the jority of postal workers were on the job na­ board of Pacifica. It also lists him as a senior first time in 20 years) is "disgusting" and tionally. The loyal and unflappable Balti­ fellow of the Center for the Study of Demo­ constitutes harassment. more force has been a model for other postal cratic Institutions. (Though the application While the Commission refused to order a employees and will certainly be followed doesn't show it, the Center was set up by hearing on Pacifica's application for the even more widely now. Mr. Nixon announced the Fund for the Republic.) Houston station, it said that the grant of that the Justice Department was obtaining Recent newspaper reports indicate that the the Houston broadcasting permit will be con­ court injunctions against any picket inter­ Center asked for the resignations of five of its ditioned upon the outcome of Pacifica's ference with returning workers. He reminded most liberal fellows, including Mr. Hoffman, Washington application. Meantime, Pacifica all again of the elaborate procedures avail­ in the wake of continuing criticism of its has completed construction in Houston and able for peaceful settlement and repeated, board chairman, U.S. Supreme Court Justice begun broadcasting under "test authority" what has always been clear, that when the William 0. Douglas. last February 24. It may continue to do so strike was over, negotiations could immedi­ Despite the evidence that Pacifica broad­ until final disposition of the Washington ately reopen. But he warned that the ulti­ casts propaganda, its tax-exempt status rests case by the FCC, which is expected to take mate authority lay with Congress; and he re­ upon its articles of incorporation which state, about a year. According to the March 7 issue stated his advocacy of a basic overhaul of "The purposes of this corporation shall be: of The Peace Times, the Pacifica Houston the postal system along lines laid out in "(a) To establish a Foundation organized station is giving the (New Left) Moratorium pending legislation. and operated exclusively for educational pur­ office eight half-hour programs beginning in Very properly, Mr. Nixon did not stop wit h poses ... and no substantial part of the ac­ March. the details of this first strike in the 200 tivities of which is designed to carry on FCC Chairman Burch, who has been on the years of our postal history. With wholly propaganda.... job only a few months and still lacks a ma­ appropriate solemnity he stated that a "(e) In radio broadcasting operations to jority, says he expects the Commission to strike by a few thousand to coerce the duly promote the . . . public presentation of ac­ approach the problem of subversion on a chosen executive and legislative represen­ curate objective, comprehensive news on all case-by-case basis. But he cautions that in tatives of the whole people put at risk "the matters vitally affecting the community.... " trying to prevent subversion, the agency survival of a government based upon law." Among those charged with carrying out must guard against harming the very free­ It does, and thousands of mailmen will heed those lofty obligations are some of the stars dom it tries to save. "We can't deny a their leaders' latest back-to-work plea and of the 1963 Senate hearings on Pacifica. In license just on the basis that an applicant so avert further manifestations of the Pres­ 1963 Dorothy Healey was identified as both appears to be subversive," he adds. The ident's clear resolve to defend government a. Communist and a regular commentator for chairman says he also plans to look into the and law. Pacifica, and the foundation still lists her as definition of educational broadcasting. High both in its program guide. An appendix to time. · THE 45 MINUTES MA.KE NIXON THE MAN OF the Senate hearings noted a sharp contrast THE HOUR between KPFK's glamorous description of (By Jerry Greene) her and the facts as revealed in public THE 45 MINUTES MAKE NIXON THE records, which show she "has dedicated her MAN OF THE HOUR WASHINGTON, March 21.-President Nixon lifetime to the furtherance of the interna­ seized upon the dramatic tension growing tional Communist conspiracy . . . dedicated from the postal strike to serve notice to the to the overthrow of the United States by HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN people that he is indeed the nation's leader, force and violence." calm and confident at the moment of his In Congressional testimony, Stephen M. OF TENNESSEE greatest crisis since inauguration. Fischer, current Pacifica vice president (and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The effectiveness of his startling perform­ assistant to the publisher of Scientific Amer­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 ance cannot be known before Monday-his ican), denied any knowledge that the Com­ deadline for striking letter carriers to return munist Party is a conspiracy to overthrow Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, our Na­ to work, or for government delivery of the the U.S. government, although he admitted tion's mail service now has been restored, mall troops. having been a Communist in his youth. and a great deal of the credit for the But in the President's surprise appearance At the time of the 1963 hearings, Steve calm, yet firm handling of this perilous at a press briefing shortly before noon today Murdock was acting editor of People's World, situation must be given to President Nixon let a country disturbed and upset al­ West Coast organ of the Communist Party, ready by increasing mail service stoppages U.S.A. In testimony before the House Un­ Nixon. know that as President he was assuming per­ American Activities Committee 10 years A crisis of major proportions to the sonal responsibility at a point of seeming im­ earlier, he had been identified as a member economy and to all U.S. citizens could passe between union members and a of the Communist Party. The July 13, 1968, have occurred had mail been stopped lethargic, hesitant Congress. issue of People's World said, "Steve Murdock, throughout the country. However, the Nixon stepped smartly to the end of the political writer for the People's World, will President's firm resolve that the mail plank to face this challenge of economic be heard in a commentary over KPFA at 7 must be continued, expressed in both his chaos. He left himself no easy way out, no p.m. . . . Murdock wlll be heard every two possibiUty of backing away. It was some­ weeks during the summer." words to the American people and his thing the country had a right to expect of a During the 1963 hearings, William Mandel actions in New York City, averted this President in the way of leadership in time of was identified as a frequent Writer for the crisis, and an atmosphere much more trouble, but never before so clearly demon­ Communist Daily Worker who took the Fifth conducive to a reasonable resolution of strated in this administration. Amendment when asked 1f he had ever been the postal employees' grievances, has Today's show at the White House was truly engaged in sabotage or espionage against the been·restored. astonishing, for as if to hold the alarming U.S. At the time Pacifica emphasized that postal stoppage to its proper perspective-a he was a regular broadcaster but not a com­ I insert two editorials discussing the trouble to be taken in stride and without mentator. Today, it lists him as a regular President's handling of this situation in panic--Nixon opened the press conference commentator and "authority on the USSR." the RECORD: to unrestricted questions on a global range Henry Elson, Pacifica secretary, apparently [From the Baltimore (Md.) Sun, Mar. 24, of subjects. is too young to have :figured in the 1963 hear­ 1970] ings. People's World has identified him as a MANNER AND STYLE POLISHED former University of California student who MOVING THE MAn. The whole thing was weird from beginning was active in the Resistance and later served Postal employees bound not to strike by to end, yet the President's manner and style as attorney for Wayne Greene, a. Negro constitutional oath, by statutory law, by were as polished as if he had rehearsed and charged with attempted murder, assault on labor-management contracts and by an ad planned the production days ahead of time. a police officer and possession of a firebomb. hoc end-the-strike agreement of their freely This almost screwball operation simply Donald Ray Gardner, development man­ elected leadership have nevertheless para­ wasn't the sort of spur-of-the-moment deal ager for Pacifica in Houston, currently is lyzed the New York city and other post of­ one wou!d expect of Nixon; it was a throw­ under indictment for alleged failure to re­ fices. Moving to fulfill the pledge already back to the days .and methods of Lyndon port to the armed forces for induction. Julius given in line with what he rightly sees as Johnson-who used the technique fre­ Lester, a Pacifica program producer, has his constitutional duty, President Nixon is quently and without too much success. stated in an article in the National Guardian mobilizing supplementary work forces from More than the usual number of Saturday that he is trying to follow in the footsteps the military to restore essential services. So morning reporters showed up at the White of Lenin, Mao and Castro. far this grave and drastic action ls limited House today for the scheduled 11 a.m. brief­ The program guide for KPFK lists Elaine to New York, the country's nerve center in ing by Press Secretary Ron Ziegler. There was Browne as a regular commenta.tor; it iden­ key aspects of the national life. It will be hope, but no real expectation, th.a.t t.he tifies her as "Deputy Minister of Information, extended to other points where mall collapse White House might have something to say Black Panther Party of Southern Call!ornia." requires it. a.bout the postal strike. As recently as last 10663 April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS night administration spokesmen were in­ MINI-MILLS PROVIDE SERVICE SOME SENSIBLE LIMITS NEEDED dicating that the President would keep out of the mess as long as possible. HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL Ziegler is I.ate more often than not with HON. PAUL J. FANNIN his press briefings; few displayed anything OF ARIZONA OF ILLINOIS more than normal irritation when the hour IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES approached noon and he had not appeared. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Then abruptly the press was summoned to Tuesday, April 7, 1970 the secretary's office to hear the equally ab­ Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, one of the Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, no one will rupt announcement: "Gentlemen, the Pres­ current environmental problems facing question that the crime rate, the easy ident wm. do the briefing today." the Nation is what to do about scrap availability of pornographic material, About 30 or 40 reporters were present--up and the growing use of drugs by our to 300 attend the regularly troheduled affairs autos. -and were herded quickly into Nixon's oval Presently there are many areas of young people are three of the major office to stand in a semi-circle around the the Nation in which the economics of problems facing us on the domestic scene. President's desk. He had not held a press the freight business does not permit the A literal floodtide of words have been conference since Jan. 30; such functions with shipping of junked autos to recycling written and spoken on these problems, a Nixon have been elaborate, well-placed, tele­ mills for processing. good portion of those words setting forth vised live. I would like to call attention to the what many observers consider to be the Five minutes later Nixon strode into the responsibility of society in seekil,1g to find room and took a position back of his desk valuable work being done by many mills chair. He said he had a few announce­ in the Nation engaged primarily in the some answers. ments--another innovation for Nixon-after recovery of value from automotive scrap. An editorial appearing in the March which he would receive questions. One of these mini-mills, the Allison 30, 1970, edition of the Peoria Journal The announcements came quickly, em­ Steel Manufacturing Co., is located in Star raises some thought-provoking phatically like hammer blows on a gong, the Phoenix, Ariz., area and is able to points about the limits of society's obli­ each a statement of high importance, each process some 6,000 automobiles per gations to adults and about adults' ob­ a headline in itself, spelling out a program ligations to society. I recommend it to for what must be one of the most critical month. I am informed that there are some 40 similar operations across the my colleagues and place it in the RECORD weeks of his presidency. at this point: Neither by voice nor manner did he ap­ Nation. pear to attach more importance to one an­ Mr. President, I would like to commend SOME SENSIBLE LIMITS NEEDED nouncement than another. He banged them these businesses for the work they are (By C. L. Dancey) out: We have means to deliver the mail. We doing and insert in the RECORD an article Popular "progressive" doctrine in America will use the means to deliver the mail. At from Iron Age magazine describing their today seems to be flying at full speed in his press conference tomorrow, Secretary of service. two completely opposite directions--and on State William Rogers will tell Israel the U.S. a collision course. won't sell more jet planes now but will when There being no objection the article One of these doctrines is that it is none and if Russia beefs up arms shipments to the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, of society's business what "consenting Arabs. On Tuesday the President will seek as follows: adults" do to themselves, so long as they do to spell out clear school integration guide­ DON'T PuT UNITED STATES IN THE SCRAP not inflict their abuses, forcefully, on others. lines. On Wednesday he will ask legislation BUSINESS, SENATE GROUP URGED By this doctrine, the use of drugs is a to permit federal help in a drive .against (By K. A. Kaufman) private matter and none of society's business. terror bombing. Pornography, perversion, and rampant moral Scrap dealers and the secondary metals SESSION LASTS 45 MINUTES abuses are simply nobody's business, and cer­ industry are concerned that a proposed law tainly not the business of government or so­ These were his announcements; he had a to encourage recovery and recycling of waste ciety, so long as the actors are "adults" doing lot to say about them and he allowed sub­ products may put the U.S. in competition their "own thing.'' stantial time for questions. This session with them. The surprising thing is that the pro­ lasted 45 minutes, a full 15 minutes longer Representatives of both industries en­ ponents of this philosophy, simultaneously, than any of his previous press conferences. dorsed objectives of the bill in testimony be­ seem to be the people who also promote the Oddly enough, Nixon's penchant for order­ fore a Senate public works subcommittee. philosophy that if and when such "adults" liness was showing even in this impromptu But both also expressed some reservations. become basket cases, hopeless wrecks, or just staging. He rattled off first what he would do Leon J. Coslov, president of Tube City Iron plain total losses in caring for themselves, Monday, what would come Tuesday and, and Metal Co. and president of the Institute it is society's duty to look after them. So­ finally, he spoke of the antibomb message of Scrap Iron and Steel, Inc. said, "Our asso­ ciety has an ever-present obligation to "pick to be sent to Congress on Wednesday. ciation supports the basic goals of 82005, al­ up the pieces.'' Then the President bounced from topic to though we differ on some specific portions of Society ls supposed to finance the expand­ topic in this anything-goes act, dropping · a the bill itself." ing mental hospital fa.c1lities for those who plug for Judge G. Harrold Carswell in the He expressed concern over a provision giv­ have thus disintegrated their nervous sys­ Supreme Court confirmation fight, express­ ing the Secretary of Health, Education and tems. Society is supposed to provide the drug ing belief the increased fighting in Laos Welfare the authority to make grants to cure centers. Society is supposed to take care wouldn't interfere with his schedule for states or municipalities for construction of of their 1lleg1tima.te offsprings. Society is troop cutbacks in Vietnam, predicting re­ solid waste disposal and resource recovery fa­ supposed to feed and clothe them as total election of Sen. George Murphy (R.) in cilities. para.sites when they fail to make any con­ California. "We see in this the possib111ty of Federal tribution of their own that brings in food HE SEES INFLATION WANING and state funds being used to construct and shelter. scrap processing fac1lities, thereby bringing TWO NOBLE IDEAS Nixon proclaimed there would be no re­ government entities into competition with cession because he wouldn't let one happen; private industry," Coslov said. BDth are "noble" ideas, but they don't go he is confident the fire has been taken out As an alternative, he suggested the gov­ toget her. of inflation. If the Russians are in the mood, ernment provide incentives to the private If the status of adulthood involves total agreement can be reached on arms limita­ sector to promote recycling. This would be personal responsibility, and what one does tion at the Salt talks. much more effective and less costly, he main­ is no longer society's business as long as it The President will work a near-miracle tained. is a private and personal situation-'lihere if t he 10,000-word integration position paper M. J. Mighdoll, executive vice president, is no claim either way. This is total freedom, on Tuesday can clear out confusion, set a National Association of Secondary Material including the freedom to starve to death, so firm, one-voice course for the administra­ Industries, also indicated concern over that to speak, or otherwise destroy yourself. tion and please anybody, black or white, section. If on the other hand, the ulti.mate respon­ North or South. But he ls going to try. We He told the subcommittee the phrase "con­ sibility for the mental health and physical are advised that the racial policy pronounce­ struction of ... resource recovery facilities" well being of adults ls the responsibility o.f ment has undergone more agonizing reap­ opens the door to possible local government society, society must have a.n interest in praisal in the White House than any docu­ competition. Therefore, it is "fraught with prevention. ment yet to bear the Nixon signature. dangers," he said, In no other way can such a responsibility Such attention is entirely proper, for in no He urged placing safeguards in the bill pro- be met. ot her area has the administration been un­ tecting industry from harmful competitive Prevention ls the only broadly effective der such heavy fire-and no other domestic and duplicative practices. approach to the maJor problems of health, problem can match the racial issue in po­ The association "vigorously supports" the and it 1s where we have had preventive medi­ tency and in importance. basic objectives of the legislation, partic­ cine that we have made the greatest strides This was , an impressive exhibition of ularly the provision relating to improve­ against disease. leadership at the White House today at a ment of research in the field of solid waste Prevention is the only really broadly effec­ time when it was never needed more. reutilization, he concluded. tive approach to the major catastrophes such 10664 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 as fire, and it is where we have had ex.ten­ lllents--all lending further credence to and speeches, Archibald MacLeish will have sive controls and doctrines for fire preven­ what the Vice President was telling us written 10 heroic cantos about our age of tion that we have made the greatest strides last fall. terror, Harper's will have published them, against such dlsa.sters. and everyone in sight will have been nomi­ Prevention is the only really broadly effec­ I insert one of these editorials from nated for a freedom award." tive approach to the problems of crime, and the Arizona Republic, in the RECORD: The issue is not whether there is a net­ it was by crime prevention practices that NETWORK NEWS BIAS work news bias. There is, emphatically. And the broadest of social changes came to so­ Commentator Howard K. Smith's candid as Sen. Barry Goldwater (an early victim ciety-and by the rising up of the principle admission that there is a pro-liberal net­ of that bias) noted, it-not Vice President that prevention is forbidden and one can work news bias, resolves the argument raised Agnew's speeches-constitutes the most seri­ only act after the disaster has occurred that by Vice President Spiro Agnew in his widely ous threat to freedom of the press. The ques­ crime has again oogun to sky-rocket year by quoted speech several months ago. tion now is what the networks intend to do year. Agnew cited the bias, said that it distorted to rectify a.n imbalance that gives a dis­ DOUBLE STANDARD the political debate necessary in a democracy, torted picture of world and national events. IDtimately, the pursuit of this double and criticized the "unelected elite" which day standard of "freedom" until you've become after day presents its own narrow interpreta­ helpless or in need and then a right to a tions as the only ones with merit. parasitic status can only end in one thing. The network newscasters and officials-in TESTIMONY OF MR. A. K. McCALLA It already represents in practice the massive short, that "unelected elite"-protested BEFORE THE HOUSE APPROPRIA­ subsidization by the public of immorality, vehemently. etc., at an ever expanding cost both in social They accused the vice president of advo­ TIONS SUBCOMMITTEE ON AGRI­ values and in money. cating censorship . . . even though he went CULTURE In the end, we a.re going to wind up facing out of his way to say that he opposed cen­ the problem of this paradox so harshly, that sorship. They warned that the entire free we will be obliged to go one way or the press was under assault from the government HON. ED JONES other. (but they neglected to make the vital dis­ OF TENNESSEE We shall either decide "to hell with them" tinction between the press and a govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the consequences be on their own heads, ment-regulated monopoly). ALd they pious­ as a doctrine of total adult independence. ly denied every allegation of bias. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Or we shall decide on a scientistic government And then came along Howard K. Smith ... Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, with broad powers, indeed, over its citi­ Smith, for many yea.rs one of TV's most on March 18 lll.Y lifelong friend, Mr. A. K. zens "for their own good." prominent commentators, is by his own ad­ McCalla, testified before the House Ap­ The twin doctrines of a. total individual mission left-of-center-a "semi-Socia.list." freedom to abuse oneself as an adult and He supports the liberal position on most propriations Subco:mmittee on Agricul­ the right to become a permanent parasite major issues. ture. The purpose of his testimony was to on your fellowman in the process while con­ But Mr. Smith is also deeply concerned urge an increased appropriation for Wa­ tinuing to perform the abuses that render you that the preponderous of a. uniform dog­ tershed Development and River Basin such cannot live forever side by side. matic liberal bias on network radio and TV Planning. Not unless we recognize them as general is bad for television and for the nation. As youngsters Mr. Mccalla and I were principles within a. sane area of conduct while And so, in a. remarkable recent article in members of the 4-H Club together, and a society does have the right and obligation to TV Guide, he spoke out in protest. step in where the excess becomes beyond This strong bias, he said, conforms to a generation later our children were also in all reason. rigid liberal "party line" in which network 4-H together. He lives in Millington, Reasonable limits could be maintained as newsmen are primarily interested in plea.s­ Tenn., in my district, and he is one of to both the individual's freedoms and his ing each other and the editors of the New our outstanding farmers. claims on society. But absolutes as to his York Times and the Washington Post. This At present Mr. Mccalla serves as chair­ independence of society and yet of society's leads network newsmen to oversimplify the man of the Shelby County Conservation total obligations to ca.re for him won't work. news. It leads them to take knee-jerk p05i­ District. He is the immediate past presi­ If we a.re going to deal in absolutes, it is tions on the Vietnam war, racial conflicts, going to have to be one or the other-not and the policies of LBJ and Richard Nixon. dent of the Tennessee Association of Soil both. These newsmen, many of whom are intel­ and Water Conservation Districts. In The present popular, if somewhat primi­ lectually shallow, "cling to the tag 'liber­ 1968 tt.e Progressive Farmer named him tive, penchant for dealing in absolutes ls al' . . . even though they've forgotten its as Tennessee's Man of the Year in service what really ought to go by the boa.rd. content," Smith said. They concentrate on to agriculture, and last year the Tennes­ We ought, instead, to get sensible a.bout militant blacks and New Left zanies. They see Conservation League named him the limits of society's obligations to "adults" depict irrational radicals as perfectly normal Conservationist of the Year. and a.bout adults' obligations to society. protesters. And, in their own irrational His We ought to recognize that there a.re limits hatred of Richard Nixon, they are trying to testimony before the subco:mmittee to both. assassinate him politically the way they was presented in behalf of the Shelby The trick is to make those limits a.s reason­ helped assassinate LBJ politically. County, Tenn., Conservation Board of able a.s possible. Smith's confession is of enormous sig­ which he is an outstanding member. Be­ nificance. cause the information he cites is of im­ It required ra.re intellectual honesty and portance to all Americans, I insert his courage. testimony in the RECORD at this point: Network rebuttals, to both Vice President NETWORK NEWS BIAS Agnew and newscaster Smith, have been sin­ STATEMENT OF A. K. MCCALLA gularly weak and inapposite. Basically, they A growing concern with problems of land, boil down to the assertion that network water and environmental quality as they af­ HON. JOHN J. RHODES newsmen a.re not all liberals because they fect development in the merging rural and OF ARIZONA represent a variety of geographical back­ urban areas of Shelby County, Tennessee, has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grounds, and they don't conspire with one prompted the Shelby County Conservation another to predetermine what news should Boa.rd to urge your continued support of ade­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 be emphasized and how. quate funds for watershed development and Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, now that What a. pitiful rationale! river basin planning. The people of Memphis the initial furor raised by Vice President Liberalism, like conservatism, anarchism, and Shelby County, and the adjoining coun­ communism, fascism, Jt,lld any other ism, is ties of Tennessee and Mississippi, are becom­ AGNEW'S assertions of bias in the news ing acutely aware of water and air pollution, media has died down, we hear one after not a geographical setting, but a doctrine, a series of positions or policies to which one mushrooming residential and industrial another quiet voice of reason coming out subscribes to a greater or lesser degree. And building patterns, exodus o! people from the in support of what the Vice President there ls no need for liberals to conspire when !arm, and the social problems of race and said. what Howard K. Smith calls their "set of poverty stemming from unwise and un­ The recent interview of Howard K. automatic reactions" tells them intuitively planned exploitation of natural resources. Smith of ABC-TV was most significant, the doctrinally "correct" position to take on We believe the drainage pattern which has because here a person directly involved every given issue from Red China to Rho­ four separate streams that rise in the sur­ desia to the Black Panthers. rounding upstream rural areas and flow with network newscasting admitted can­ Indeed, William F. Buckley once a.mus­ through the rapidly developing urban areas didly that there is a liberal bias to mueh ingly described these reactions by saying: of Memphis and Shelby County typify the news reporting, both on television and "Drop a little itching powder in Jimmy interrelationship of rural and urban re­ in the press. Now we see newspapers from Wechsler's bath and, before he has scratched source problems. many different parts of the country sup­ himself the third time, Arthur Schlesinger Erosion and flooding in the upstream rural porting editorially Mr. Smith's state- will have denounced you in a dozen books areas ca.use crop, pasture, and other dam- April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10665

ages that impair personal incomes of farm county have given it priority because of If this description fits you, maybe you families. Sediment entering the streams fills the crucial flooding, pollution and erosion should get acquainted with Toastmasters channels, silts up reservoirs and spews out problems. International, an organization that seeks to and destroys crops along the flood plains. There are at least six other watershed develop the speaking and leadership skills of The streams cross State lines, county projects in the Wolf and Loosahatchie drain­ its members in a relaxed, clublike setting. boundaries, and flow through city limits with age basins that need to be planned and im­ Toastmasters clubs are far from new. The their bu.rden of pollution and constant threat plemented. Development of these projects first one was organized in 1924 and for many of flooding. These problems of the surface would not only solve most of the most prom­ years met in the basement of the Santa Ana, waters become worse as they enter the city, inent rural conservation problems, but are Cal., YMCA. Today, there are more than 3,400 threatening the health of people, their homes, prerequisite to future downstream improve­ clubs in 47 countries. All told, there are about stores, churches, schools and trailer parks. ments that may be recommended. 70,000 members at any given time, and, Looking backward it is plain that these Shelby County has already indicated firm­ through the years, approximately 1,000,000 problems have been creeping up on us for ly its willingness to share in watershed plan­ men have joined Toastmaster clubs and par­ many years. But people in the downstream ning and water resource development costs. ticipated in the programs. areas are only now beginning to realize and Within the past four years it has spent nearly understand how their future is tied directly a million dollars on the projects above, and AN EVENING OF TALK to decisions being made in Fayette, Hardeman on a water-based recreation project centered An individual Toastmasters club is likely and Tipton Counties in Tennessee, as well as around a new lake at Casper Creek. The state to have 20 to 40 members who meet every DeSoto, Marshall and Benton Counties in of Tennessee and the city of Memphis are week or every other week, usually in a restau­ Mississippi. helping out with the job. rant or hotel with both dining and meeting The Shelby County Conservation Board has But we cannot do the whole job by our­ facilities. Most meetings are held in the recognized the interlocking nature of ero­ selves, especially in the upstream rural areas evening, around 6:30 or 7 o'clock, although sion, land abuse and sediment production in with low :financial capability. We must have some clubs hold breakfast or luncheon meet­ the rural upstream areas with pollution, the continued and accelerated commitment ings. A typical meeting runs something like floods and idle flood plain lands of the down­ of the Federal government. So we are asking this: stream urban areas. It is presently sponsor­ this committee to give strong support by Before the meal guests and prospective ing a river basin type study by the United making substantial increases in the U.S. De­ members are introduced to members of the States Department of Agriculture. This partment of Agriculture budget. We especial­ club. After dinner the meeting is called to Chickasaw-Metropolitan Surface Water Man­ ly need increased support for river basin order and a short business session takes place. agement Survey will be completed this year. planning, watershed planning and implemen­ Although the meeting itself is presided over It involves the Wolf and Loosahatchie Rivers, tation, and technical assistance to soil con­ by the club president, members take turns Nonconnah and Horn Lake Creeks. The study servation districts. This kind of support will chairing the business sessions. This is to covers parts of Shelby, Fayette, Hardeman benefit directly the Mid-South areas of west help develop their knowledge of parliamen­ and Tipton Counties in Tennessee, and De­ Tennessee and north Mississippi, and indi­ tary procedure. The business session may be Soto, Marshall, Benton and Tippah Counties rectly the national welfare. played straight, or from time to time, heck­ in Mississippi. Shelby County is bearing We appreciate very much the privilege of lers may try to disrupt the proceedings. $75,000 of the cost of the study. testifying before your Committee. Next comes Table Topics-informal off­ As one result of the study Memphis now the-cuff talks that take about two minutes has, for the first time since its founding 150 apiece. Members may speak on subjects of years ago, positive flood data including pre­ their own choosing; or topics, generally in­ dictions of future floods to guide its develop­ CAPITOL HILL TOASTMASTERS volving current events, may be assigned on ment on the Wolf and Loosahatchie Rivers the spot. The idea. is for a man to learn to and Nonconnah Creek. This data from the think on bis feet with minimal preparation. Chickasaw Survey ls being used by the Mem­ HON. CRAIG HOSMER Guests and prospective members are not re­ phis and Shelby County Planning Commis­ OF CALIFORNIA quired to take part in any of the speaking sion, the city engineer, county engineer, and exercises unless they would like to. real estate and development firms. It is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES After the Table Topics, members settle warning away those who otherwise would Tuesday, April 7, 1970 back to listen to four or five prepared talks have dared to build in the path of floods. on subjects selected by the speakers. Each The county is acquiring the floodways along Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, one of speaker is introduced by the Toastmaster of the streams for parks and greenways. the most relevant organizations in Amer­ the meeting, and an evaluator is assigned to Located at the focal point of these surface ica today is Toastmasters International. assess his efforts. The talks are timed and last water problems, urbanization at Memphis In an era when the ability to communi­ five to seven minutes. An "ah counter" keeps becomes their magnifier. Nearly every kind cate with clarity is a vital ingredient for separate tabs on the number of "abs," "uhs," of land and water conservation problem is success in almost every field of endeavor, gasps, gurgles and other oratorical lapses concentrated, intensified and extremely ex­ thousands of men and women are receiv­ committed by each speaker. pensive to solve. They can only be solved An evaluation session ls held after all the by starting in. the rural areas at the head ing valuable speech training in a nation­ speakers a.re :finished, and prizes or trophies of streams. This ls the last glimmer of a wide network of more than 3,000 Toast­ a.re awarded to the best speakers as deter­ chance the city has to cure its resource prob­ masters chapters. mined by a vote of the members (a booby lems. It calls for rural community develop­ The first Toastmasters Club was or­ prize may be given, too). A typical meeting ment, small watershed planning and imple­ ganized 46 years ago in Santa Ana, lasts a.bout two hours. mentation, ero.sion and sediment control Calif. From a humble beginning in the The basic Toastmasters "course" for each measures on individual farms, better dis­ basement of the local YMCA, Toast­ member is a. carefully-thought-out series of posal systems for garbage and solid waste, masters has grown to international 15 required speaking projects and three op­ improvement of the rural landscape and bet­ tional ones. His assignment.a become pro­ ter economic conditions to allow opportuni­ prominence with more than 70,000 mem­ gressively more difficult, following a program ties for rural people to share in the cultural bers throughout the world. outlined in the basic Toastmasters manual. and recreational assets of the nation. Capitol Hill is home base for one of its After his maiden Ice Breaker speech a. These problems and needs must be met most active and respected local chap­ member learns such things a.s how to or­ quickly and forcefully before further devel­ ters. Founded less than 3 years ago, Capi­ ganize a speech; how to make it challenging, opment multiplies their cost beyond the fi­ tol Hill Toastmasters quickly estab­ persuasive and interesting; how to use the nancial ability of local, state and Federal lished a unique national reputation. With voice and body to the best advantage; how governments. this in mind, I take special pleasure in to clarify meaning and weed out verbiage; The Nonconnah Creek Watershed project, how to respond to various kinds of audiences; an outgrowth of the Chickasaw study, is also calling attention to a recent article from how to be a better listener. being sponsored by the Shelby County Con­ Changing Times magazine lauding the More advanced speakers tackle projects servation Board, the city of Memphis and distinctive contributions Toastmasters that deal with the judicious use of humor, soil conservation districts in Tennessee and International continues to make toward organizing and running different kinds of Mississippi counties. It ls now being planned the improvement of the spoken arts in meetings, and coping with noisy waiters, by the Soil Conservation Service. Eighty America. balky public address systems, collapsed lec­ thousand dollars ($80,000) of the planning The article follows: terns, hecklers, missing speakers and other costs are being borne by Shelby County, adversities. [From the Changing Times, April 1970] Memphis and the Tennessee State govern­ Members work at their own pace, although ment. Nonconnah Creek Watershed lies be­ TOASTMASTERS CLUBS TAKE THE TERROR OUT they are expected to attend all meetings. tween the older part of Memphis on the north OP SPEECHMAKING When they feel they have mastered one as­ and the expanding Whitehaven and Interna­ The thought o! speaking before an audience signment, they are scheduled for the next tional Airport area on the south. Its flood throws you into a panic. When the boss asks available speaking slot. It takes most mem­ plain lies along Interstate 40 expressway in your opinion, you become tongue-tied and bers from two to three years to go through an area bursting at the seams with industrial embarrassed. You find it hard to present your the two-part Communication and Leadership and commercial development. The city and ideas clearly and cogently, programs. Once he has completed them, a 10666 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 member receives his Able Toastmaster cer­ duction for medical, dental, etc., expenses) An editorial in the Nashville Banner tificate. is amended by inserting "plus any adoption on March 27 effectively presents the rea­ THE CLUBS & THE MEN fees (as defined in subsection (e) (5)) paid during the taxable yea.r" before "exceeds 3 sons why Jefferson Davis warrants a MEMBERS of Toastmasters clubs a.re en­ in couraged to take part in various public­ percent". place the Hall of Fame for Great service activities, such' as speakers' bureaus (b) Section 213(e) of such Code (relat­ Americans: and public speaking programs for youngsters. ing to definitions) is amended by adding at [From the Nashville Banner, Mar. 27, 1970] Each Toastmasters club operates independ­ the end thereof the following: OPPORTUNITY Is Now: JEFFERSON DAVIS ently along guidelines set by Toastmasters " ( 5) The term 'adoption fee' means an BELONGS IN HALL OF FAME International. The clubs are nonprofit and amount (not otherwise deductible) paid by the taxpayer to an agency or organization in Qualifications considered-among them are open to any man who has reached 18. love for and service to his country-justice A recent profile of the "typical" member connection with, and for the purpose of, the adoption of a child by the taxpayer." no less than affection and admiration on the of a Toastmasters club indicates that he is part of those acquainted with his story sec­ 39 years old and has attended college. He's SEc. 2. The amendments made by the first section of this Act shall apply with respect onds the nomination of Jefferson Davis to probably a professional man, such as a doc­ the Hall of Fame. Elections to tha.t institu­ tor or a lawyer, or a manager or supervisor, to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1970. tion at New York University are made once the owner of a business or a salesman. every five years, and this is the year. Dozens of large companies, conscious of Long before he was president of the Con­ the value of articulate leaders, encourage federacy, Jefferson Davis was a great Ameri­ men at all levels to take part in Toastmasters JEFFERSON DAVIS BELONGS IN can in achievements redounding to the na­ programs. Some companies include the pro­ HALL OF FAME tional good. A graduate of the Military gram in their training courses, pay member­ Academy, he was an army officer of brilliant ship costs and provide facilities for meetings. stature. He became a member of Congress, a Dues and initiation fees vary from club to distinguished Senator, a Secretary of War. club but average about $25 a year, approxi­ HON. RICHARD FULTON A designer and builder of great structures, mately half of which is used by the parent OF TENNESSEE he was a leading factor in establishment of organization to develop training programs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Smithsonian Institution. and publish texts e.nd monthly copies of He strived to hold his country together, the Toastmaster magazine. Costs for meals Tuesday, April 7, 1970 but gave courageously of himself and his or rental of meeting facilities are shared by Mr. FULTON of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ genius of leadership when duty called in the members. er, nearly 11 decades have passed since behalf of the Southland and a conviction District and regional speaking contests are in which he believed. Of his chara<:ter in that held, and winners compete in an annual na­ our Nation was torn apart by the hor­ crisis and subsequent to Appomattox, history tional contest that meets every year in a rors of a Civil War. says of him: different city. Exactly 109 years ago this month, "With constance and courage unsurpassed If you think a Toastmasters program could April, the first shot in that grim and he sustained the heavy burden laid upon him help you become a better speaker, attend bloody struggle was fired on Fort by his people. When their Cause was lost-­ two or three sessions as a guest before you Sumter. with dignity he met defeat, with fortitude he apply for membership. To get information It was a war that pitted brother met imprisonment and suffering, with entire about the nearest club, call your chamber devotion he kept the faith. In nobility of of commerce or write to Toastmasters Inter­ against brother, divided families in their thought and in grandeur of spirit he en­ national, 2200 N. Grand st., Santa Ana, Cal. loyalty, and took a toll of lives which deavored to direct the sentiments of his 92711. have never been matched in all our other stricken people with the words: 'Let me wars. beseech you to lay aside all rancor, all bitter The reconstruction years that followed sectional feeling, and take your places in the A BILL TO ALL.;)W A DEDUCTION FOR the close of the Civil War left seeds of ranks of those who will bring a consumma­ bitterness which are still evident today. tion devoutely to be wished-A reunited ADOPTION FEES country.' " Then he added the meaningful However, as President Nixon said dur­ prophecy, "The past is dead, its hopes and HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL ing his successful campaign for the aspirations; before you lies the future, a fu­ Presidency, "Let us join together." Once ture of expanding national glory, before OF ll.LINOIS every 5 years nominations a.re made to which all the world will stand amazed." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRFSENTATIVES the Hall of Fame at New York Univer­ Two great American Presidents have paid Tuesday, April 7, 1970 sity. In 1970 such nominations will be special tribute to hi::; memory. Said Dwight D. made. Eisenhower: "Having long held the convic­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I am today tion, a conviction reinforced by my reading introducing legislation to allow a deduc­ The President of the Confederacy, of Hudson Strode's biography of Jefferson tion for adoption fees so that they may Jefferson Davis, was not only a leader in Davis, that the President of the Confederacy a cause-even a lost cause-but his ac­ was one of our outstanding antebellum be treated in the same fashion for in­ complishments to our Nation and to the Americans, I have been impressed by the come tax purposes as are medical ex­ history of our country are unquestioned. worth of both his military and civil service penses for childbirth. Jefferson Davis was not only a graduate to the nation, and have admired his selfless­ In many cases, adoptive parents incur of the U.S. Military Academy, but he ness, courage and dedication to America . . . the same expenses as do natural parents He nobly tried to do what he thought right." served with distinction in our military Said Woodrow Wilson: "He (Davis) had the but our present tax law makes no pro­ service. As a Member of Congress, a U.S. vision for those adoptive parents even pride, the spirit of initiative, the capacity in Senator, and a Secretary of War, he dis­ business which qualify men for leadership, though they are assuming a responsi­ tinguished himself. All of us are indebted and lacked nothing of the indomitable will bility equal to that of a natural parent. to him for his role in the establishment and impervious purpose to make his leader­ It may be that approval of my bill would of the Smithsonian Institution here in ship effective. He moved direct, undaunted encourage parents to adopt · children Washington. by and peril, and heartened a whole people." when they might otherwise be reluctant His qualities of leadership and dedi­ At his passing in 1889, the New York World to do so because of the adoption fees, cation have been praised by the late said of him editorially, "He was a man of which vary widely in all sections of the commanding ability, spotless integrity, and President, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, controlling conscience. He was proud, senst­ country. and by President Woodrow Wilson. The legislation follows: tive and honorable in all his dealings and in It is my hope that this outstanding every relation of life. A great soul has A b111 to a.mend the Internal Revenue Code figure in our Nation's history will be passed." of 1954 to treat adoption fees in the same A great soul deserves remembrance-both manner as medical expenses for income honored and that Jefferson Davis will be named to the Hall of Fame. It is long in history, and in those public places where tax purposes citizens congregate to note the :figures and Be it enacted by the Senate and House of since passed that the bitterness and di­ events deemed noteworthy in the national .Representatives of the United States o/ vision brought about by Civil War be annals. CertaJnly Jefferson Davis was one ot America in Congress assembled, That (a) erased. Such a move would, in my opin­ these. section 213 (a) ( 1) of the Internal Revenue ion, help bring about our President's He warrants a place in the Hall of Fame Code of 1954 (relating to allowance of de- appeal, "Bring us together." for Great Americans. April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10667 H.R. 16488 The celebration 6 years from now of tained insufficient funds for hospital the 200th anniversary of this great Na­ construction and modernization. tion is no small task. The initial planning At that time I inserted in the RECORD HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST decisions of the Commission will have a for the benefit of my colleagues a com­ OF VIRGINXA profound effect on the event's success. parison, based on tentative :figures, of the I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress can help. This Commission has funds each State would receive under the Tuesday, April 7, 1970 seen the results of past inactions. I urge $254.4 million originally appropriated by Congress give full cooperation in passing the Congress for hospital construction Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I this bill. and the $172.7 million appropriation have introduced H.R. 16488 with three passed after the President's veto. cosponsoring members of the American I have been informed that State offi­ Revolution Bicentennial Commission to cials have just been told by the Depart­ amend the joint resolution establishing MONEY FOR HOSPITAL CONSTRUC­ ment of Health, Education, and Welfare the Commission. The bill will enlarge ex TION STILL TOO LITI'LE officio membership in the Commission, the exact amount of money which they authorize hiring experts or consultants, will receive under the postveto bill. and provide for control and protection of HON. DAVID R. OBEY In some cases there are relatively logos and symbols certified by the Com­ OF WISCONSIN minor changes in the amount of money mission. The bill has been referred to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES each State will receive from the :figures released earlier. Unfortunately, the final Committee on the Judiciary. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Mr. Speaker, I also want to express my totals have not changed, and I am sure appreciation and admiration of the fine Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, several weeks many of you have already been con­ leadership Dr. J.E. Wallace Sterling has ago, during debate on the postveto tacted by hospital officials in your dis­ been providing as ARBC chairman. Dr. HEW-Labor appropriation bill, I spoke tricts who had been expecting but will Sterling, Executive Director M. L. Spec­ on the House floor regarding the crisis not now receive badly needed Hill-Bur­ tor, and the entire ARBC staff have no­ which our States face because the final ton funds for the 1970 fiscal year. ticeably moved forward the efforts of appropriation bill which passed on the Mr. Speaker, I insert the final State the Commission. recommendation of the President con- figures below:

FISCAL YEAR 1970 ALLOCATIONS TO STATES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MODERNIZATION OF HOSPITALS AND RELATED HEALTH FACILITIES

Hospitals and Long-term Diagnostic or public health care treatment Rehabilitation State Total Modernization centers facilities centers facilities

TotaL ....•• _•. _..• --.• ----.. ------· $172, 200, 000 $27, 100, 000 $54, 200, 000 $63, 600, 000 $18, 200, 000 $9, 100, 000 Alabama . ______•• ______------______4, 350, 943 317, 305 l, 510, 750 1, 780, 497 494, 927 247, 464 Alaska • •• ____ • __ ._-----_------______-----__ • ______------750, 000 200, 000 200, 000 200, 000 100, 000 50, 000 Arizona . __• __ ___ ------___ ._------______•.• 1, 656, 199 200, 000 545, 401 642, 784 178, 676 89, 338 Arkansas ______• ____ ------______• _____ • ------___ _---- ______California ______2, 554, 781 206, 354 879, 575 1, 036, 624 288, 152 144, 076 10, 238, 841 1, 297, 308 3, 348, 943 3, 946, 903 1, 097, 125 548, 562 Colorado . .• ------­ l , 755, 543 317, 455 538, 619 634, 790 176, 453 88, 226 Connecticut. .• _. _•... ----•••.•. -••....•...... ----. • --.••. --..•• --•. . . - 1, 497, 679 383, 570 417,276 491, 782 136, 701 68, 350 Delaware .. ______------______------750, 000 200, 000 200, 000 200, 000 100, 000 50, 000 District of Columbia ______------______------______------750, 000 200, 000 200, 000 200, 000 100, 000 50, 000 Florida .• ______• __ • ___ __ 5, 796, 957 610, 853 1, 942, 393 2, 289, 210 636, 334 318, 167 4, 903, 527 420, 996 1, 678, 878 1, 978, 644 550, 006 275, 003 762,436 200, 000 200, 000 212, 436 100, 000 50, 000 ~:::ir-Idaho. ______:: ======_= ___= = == _ _=---= = = -= --= = -= ______======_= _: 883, 241 200, 000 244, 769 288,472 100, 000 50, 000 Illinois. ______------__ ------______6, 123, 740 1, 316, 083 1, 800, 648 2, 122, 161 589, 898 294, 950 In diana. __• • _•••• ____ •••• __ • ______• ______• ______• 3, 988, 147 737,224 1, 217, 594 1, 434, 997 398, 888 199,444 lowa ... ------2, 350, 760 4~734 698, 149 822, 804 228, 715 114, 358 Kansas ... ___ ------_____ ----__ ------__ __------______------______2, 030, 019 38:>, 022 616, 114 726, 121 201, 841 100, 921 3, 665,450 330, 824 1, 248, 944 1, 471, 945 409, 158 204, 579 4, 250, 683 453,614 1, 422, 146 1, 676, 073 465, 900 232, 950 1, 078, 682 200, 000 329, 100 387, 861 107, 814 53, 907 Maryland ...---=-= __ ••• == =______======_ _= =_ =__ = =_ =___ = == . ==_._ == •• = =____ = = = ••= == _ =•• = =_ =_ =___ = === •• =• =_ =___= = ==• ____ == = =_=___ = == _ ==___ = =• =____ == ==-_ _=_ 2, 358, 744 272, 269 781, 464 920, 996 256, 010 128, 005 ~£~!;~~ 3, 966, 314 1, 097, 837 1, 074, 353 1, 266, 181 351, 962 175, 981 5, 785, 780 980, 980 1, 799, 580 2, 120, 898 589 548 294, 774 3, 10!, 058 526, 188 964, 386 1, 136, 580 315,936 157, 968 3,31:>, 171 200, 572 1, 166, 535 1, 374, 823 382, 161 191, 080 4, 094, 288 685, 654 l , 276, 663 l, 504, 613 418, 239 209, 119 ~l~r· ~~~~~~~~~~~=~::(~:((:(~:(:~=~:~~(:;;;;;~;~~~~~~~~~~------818, 782 200, 000 21 5, 181 253, 601 100, 000 50, 000 1, 214, 719 200, 000 380, 051 447, 909 124, 506 62, 253 750, 000 200, 000 200, 000 200, 000 100, 000 50, 000 781 , 445 200, 000 200, 000 231 , 445 100, 000 50, 000 4, 311, 839 1, 013, 574 l, 234, 325 1, 455, 895 404, 697 202, 348 1, 160, 105 200, 000 359, 596 423, 802 117, 805 58, 902 10, 603, 987 2, 555, 538 3, 014, 449 3, 552, 685 987, 543 493, 772 !i~;:~\\\\\\\\\\=\\i\i=\\i:::~iiiiiiii=ii)iiiiiiii)!ii~i!\\~i!\=\ 5, 972, 147 646, 726 1, 994, 572 2, 350, 707 653, 428 326, 714 ~If 823, 436 200, 000 217, 317 256, 119 100, 000 50, 000 7, 684, 355 929, 259 2, 530, 039 2, 981, 783 828, 849 414, 425 2, 643, 383 310, 071 873, 914 1, 029, 953 286, 297 143, 148 1, 624, 095 228, 785 522, 596 615, 907 171 , 204 85, 603 9, 807, 233 2, 012, 177 2, 919, 544 3, 440, 834 956, 452 478, 226 810, 289 200, 000 211, 282 249, 007 100, 000 50, 000 3,420, 560 334, 052 l, 156, 014 l, 362, 423 378, 714 189, 357 850, 895 200, 000 229, 921 270, 974 100, 000 50, 000 4, 757, 268 615,259 1, 551, 339 1, 828, 334 508, 224 254, 112 10, 972, 317 1, 299, 261 3, 622, 926 4, 269, 806 l, 186, 883 593, 441 1, 136, 577 200, 000 350, 784 413, 416 114, 918 57, 459 750, 000 200, 000 200, 000 200,000 100, 000 50, 000 4, 498, 586 606, 121 1, 457, 875 1, 718, 182 477, 605 238, 803 2, 267, 889 392,457 702, 420 827, 839 230, 115 115, 058 2, 290, 219 349, 048 727, 042 856, 857 238, 182 119, 090 3, 362, 670 528, 842 1, 061, 376 1, 250, 886 347, 711 173, 855 750, 000 200, 000 200, 000 200, 000 100, 000 50, 000 51, 175 1, 978 18, 426 21 , 716 6, 036 3, 019 375, 000 100, 000 100, 000 100, 000 50, 000 25, 000 4, 577, 046 450, 010 1, 545, 731 1, 821, 725 506, 387 253, 193 375, 000 100, 000 100, 000 100, 000 50, 000 25, 000

Note: Basis of Allocations per Statutory Formula :Total population as estimated by the Bureau of as of July 1, 1968, (unpublished data). Allotment percentages for fiscal year 1970 as determined the Census: (1) Provisio)la 1 Estimates of the United States July i 1969 (series P-25 No. 430 by the Surgeon General Sept 30 1968. ' Aug. 29, 1969); (2) Amencan Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and'Virgin {slands, Provisional 'Estimates 10668 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 TEST FOR THE NATION acute form the filght from authority that produce the series," said George Zuckerman has caused rank-and-file rebels to upset one of Asbury Park, executive director of t he out of every eight agreements negotiated in conference. The awards will cite the indi­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER gOOd faith by their leaders-a development viduals for "Outstanding and meritorious that strikes at the integrity of the bargain­ OF WISCONSIN service in the advancement of good govern­ ing process. ment." I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Less than three weeks ago Congress had to Taking part in the awards ceremonies will Tuesday, April 7, 1970 jam through a stopgap law to prevent a be Gov. William T. Cahill, President Robert nationwide railroad strike resulting from a Goheen of Princeton University, national and Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. similar exercise of membership intransigence state governmental leaders and some 400 Speaker, the real issue of the postal strike in private industry. Now President Nixon is mayors and guests from all parts o! New Jer­ extends far beyond the postal employee's left with no choice except to mobilize Army sey. just demand for better pay and atten­ or National Guard units to deliver the mail, Zuckerman said the series, which marks a tion to their legitimate grievances. a course that would have been made unneces­ unique experience in cooperative journalism. sary if the postal employes had followed their included 19 state newspapers, working with The question comes down to the right leaders and ratified the Shultz truce formula. the Associated Press to produce a "compre­ of any group of persons to disregard laws It is still not too late for George Meany, hensive report on many of the problems designed to safeguard this Nation, at the as president of the A.F.L.-C.I.0., with which plaguing municipal leaders in New Jersey risk of disastrous consequences to the most of the postal employes are affiliated, to communities, large and small." The subject lives of all its citizens. address a personal plea to the strikers in the included a host of problems confronting As a perceptive editorial from the New name of the entire labor movement. Given mayors of the state. York Times points out, this "test for the the mood of the postal employes, such an The series was described by one state lead­ appeal might prove as fruitless as those al­ er as "a liberal education not only for elected Nation" had to be met forcefully, to ready m ade by the chiefs of the postal un­ officials, but for the general public as well." demonstrate that "Government cannot ions. But Mr. Meany is a man of courage and and will not surrender to the exercise of the stakes are enormous for labor as well as outlaw force by civil service employees t he country. or any other group." The policy of wisdom and of sanity for the postal workers is to return to work by to­ THE PRESIDENT'S SCHOOL DE­ I commend President Nixon's actions morrow and thus clear the way for immediate SEGREGATION POLICIES RE- in meeting this test, and insert this edi­ action by the White House and Congress on CEIVE ACCLAIM torial in the RECORD: all the issues of wages and future security (From the New York Times, Mar. 22, 1970} that concern them. But, if they persist in HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN TEST FOR THE NATION their folly, the President cannot delay in. making good his commitment to get the mail OF OHIO The outrageous repudiation by striking through. More than the mail depends on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES postal employes in New York and other major that; the future of a government based on cities from coast to coast of the back-to­ law is in the balance. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 work agreement made by their union leaders confronts the nation with a test from which Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, it cannot shrink. President Nixon gave the President Nixon's recent statement on only right response by announcing at once school desegregation policies has re­ that he would meet his constitutional re­ TASK FORCE STORY WINS SODA ceived wide acclaim from thoughtful sponsibility to see that the mails go through. AWARD Americans who recognize that the path­ The United States cannot do without mail way to achieving truly equal education service; this communications network is in­ dispensable to the efficient functioning of HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN for all American children is not easy. the total economy and to the lives of 200- OF NEW JERSEY The Baltimore Sun is one of these million Americans. But even more important IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES newspapers that has spoken up in sup­ than the damage a continuation of the illegal port of the President's message. I wish postal tie-up would inflict on every citizen Tuesday, April 7, 1970 to call it to the attention of all of my is the necessity for a demonstration, once colleagues: and for all, that the Government cannot and Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, one of the will not surrender to the exer.::ise of outlaw authors selected for writing "Task Force [From the Baltimore Sun, Mar. 25, 1970] force by civil service employes or any other '70" stories on the major problems fac­ ScHOOL POLICY group. ing New Jersey, was Ralph Soda, legis­ President Nixon has set forth in pains­ The fabric of community has worn exceed­ lative correspondent of the Home News, taking detail an admirable statement of na­ ingly thin under the hammer blows inflicted of New Brunswick, N.J. tional policy on racial desegregation in the on society by organized groups and by in­ One of the most respected and talented public schools. He reaffirms basic points that dividual terrorists, united only in a belief often are lost to sight in the day-to-day dis­ that the abuse of power will enable them newspapermen in the entire Nation, Mr. cussion of this difficult subject. Thus at the to bend the majority to their will. The postal Soda will receive a citation of merit for start he reiterates his personal belief that employes do not belong in that company. his outstanding work in the "Task Force the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court, This is their first strike in nearly two cen­ '70" project. declaring school segregation unconstitu­ turies, and it would not have come now with­ I am proud and happy to insert an tional, "was right in both constitutional and out f . full share of blundering by the Ad­ article announcing the award, which ap­ human terms." ministration and Congress. peared in the Home News on April 3, Mr. Nixon acknowledges, moreover, that Yet the irresponsibility of their actions 1970: some men and women have interpreted vari­ after the elected officers of their unions had ous statements and actions of his adminis­ entered into a compact with Secretary of TASK FORCE STORY WINS SODA AWARD tration as a backing away from the prin­ Labor Shultz--one that assured responsible Citations of Merit will be awarded by the ciples of the 1954 decision. "We are not back­ consideration of their grievances in an atmos­ N.J. Conference of Mayors, to Ralph Soda ing away," he says. "The constitutional man­ phere free of coercion-makes it plain that of The Home News, and members of the As· date will be enforced." these postal workers have become captives of sociated Press and other New Jersey reporters All this may seem elementary, 16 years the suicidal notion that any group in con­ tor "outstanding journalism" in the creation after the court's decision, but its reiteration trol of a vital service can bring the public of a series of statewide "Task Force '70" now helps to underscore the point that there to heel by misusing that control. stories published earlier this year. can be no turning back on this issue, and That notion has received too much support Soda, legislative correspondent for The that all the nation must face forward and already through the long appeasement of Home News, did an in-depth report on the move ahead, recognizing probleins for what municipal workers engaged in illegal strikes garbage crisis in New Jersey for the Task they are and conceding that no easy or per­ in New York and other metropolitan centers. Force '70 project. fect solutions are in sight. It must not get a foothold in the Federal The news series, which ran for six weeks Good faith, as Mr. Nixon says, is of utmost service if either orderly government or the in New Jersey and other states, dealt "in importahce. As he notes, the federal courts rule of law is to prevail anywhere in America. searching depth" with many problems con­ have left a substantial degree of latitude The President showed a proper recognition of fronting the state's 567 municipalities, said within which specific desegregation plans can that reality with his firm declaration yester­ Mayor Carmen J. Armenti of Trenton, pres­ be designed. But, he says, "this does not day that there would be neither negotiations ident of the Conference of Mayors, in an­ mean that the court will tolerate or the ad­ nor concessions in a "climate of intimida­ nouncing the awards. ministration condone evasion or subterfuge; tion." The awards, to be made at Princeton Uni­ it does mean that if the essential element of The problem for the nation created by the versity May 20 at the annual meeting of the good faith is present, it should ordinarily be postal workers' defiance is one that menaces mayors, include citations to those who co­ possible to achieve legal compliance with a all of organized labor. It symbolizes in most operated "in an outstanding team effort to minimum of educational disruption, and April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10669 through a plan designed to be responsive to (In percent] the most money ever appropriated for the community's own local circumstances. ( 1) Do you support President Nixon's Viet­ this purpose. But the President has now This matter of good faith is critical." nam peace plan? gone beyond this unprecedented fund­ When there is acceptance· of the fact of ing. He has just proposed an additional federal law and when there is good faith Yes------83.6 No------13.3 $50 million increase in VA's medical care effort to comply with it, such questions as budget for fiscal year 1971. Earlier, he busing, de facto segregation arising from No response------3.1 authorized the Veterans' Administration housing patterns, and massive educational (2) Are you favorably impressed with the improvements can be dealt with. Some of overall first year performance of the Nixon to seek an additional $15 million for this Mr. Nl.xon's proposals are noteworthy, such Administration? current fiscal year, and to the $1,542,- as greater federal aid to "racially impacted" 000,000 already appropriated for this schools (an advance from the broader "fed­ Yes------75.0 fiscal year President Nixon added an­ erally impacted" formula), an insistence No------22.8 other $91 million to help cover salary No response------2.2 that racial segregation of teachers must be increases for V A's doctors and nurses ended, a wide search for new teaching meth­ (3) Do you think more tax dollars should and hospital personnel. ods and a candid recognition that school de­ be spent to combat air and water pollution? segregation is a problem for the East, North The veterans' medical care program is and West as well as the South. Yes------81.6 one in which we must never economize or The important thing is to keep the na­ No------No response ______15.&2.9 sell our disabled veterans short. President tion, and the numerous sectors of the fed­ Nixon realizes, as do all Americans, that eral government, on the right course. Mr. (4) Do you favor returning a percentage of anything we do for our veterans is an Nixon has laid down a policy for which his Federal tax money to state and local gov­ investment in human beings, an invest­ administration now can properly be held equnents for use as they see flt? ment that has always paid dividends to to account. Yes------60.3 all America. NoNo------response ______35.74.0 RESULTS OF DISTRICTWIDE POLL OF THE 16TH CON .....i-RESSIONAL (5) Do you believe that the national news THE PRESIDENT'S SCHOOL LEADER­ DISTRICT IN PENNSYLVANIA media give you a fair and accurate picture of SHIP WELCOME national events and govern ,.ent activities? Yes------29.9 HON. EDWIN D. ESHLEMAN No------66.2 HON. DONALD G. BROTZMAN OF PENNSYLVANIA No response______3.9 OF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (6) Do you think that our present welfare IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, April 7, 1970 system provides enough assurance that those Tuesday, April 7, 1970 who can work do work? Mr. ES!ll,EMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have Mr. BROTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, Pres- . recently announced the results of a dis­ Yes------11.5 ident Nixon's recent message on school trictwide poll taken of my 16th Congres­ No------86.0 integration is being praised for many No response------2.5 sional District in Pennsylvania. I include reasons and from many quarters-in­ that announcement and the poll results (7) Do you believe that the problem of cluding some who confess to being for­ in the RECORD at this point: drug abuse is a serious threat in your mer skeptics of the administration's community? RESULTS OF DISTRICTWIDE POLL OF THE 16TH sqhool poli.cies. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT IN PENNSYLVANIA Yes------·---- ·------77.1 One of the prominent voices convinced W ASHINGTON.-Congressman Edwin D. No------· - 20.7 by the President's message is the Den­ Eshleman todaw announced the results of No response------2.2 ver Post. A recent Post editorial dis-· the district-wide poll he distributed several (8) Would you favor a requirement for cusses the President's "welcome leader­ weeks ago. . all Federal officials, including Congressmen Eshleman maned approximg,tely 135,000 ship" in this area, saying that the mes­ and Senators, to make public all sources of sage shows "a President who has taken questionnaires to every household in his income? 16th Congressional District at the end of more trouble than· any of his predeces­ January. Since that time he has been re­ Yes------75.1 sors to really study all the facets of this ceiving and tabulating the returns from his NoNo------response ______22.62.3 complex puzzle, and who is determined mailing. to exert Presidential leadership to move In making his announcement, Eshleman (9) Do you agree with the President's the issue off dead center and solve it." made some general comments about the poll. assessment that inflation is prese::tly our I insert this editorial in the RECORD: "I was very much pleased with the re­ number one domestic problem? sponse of my constituency on this ques­ [From the Denver Post, Mar. 25, 1970] tionnaire. Yes------78.0 NIXON SCHOOL LEADERSHIP WELCOME "About 30.000 people sent back a com­ No------19.8 Any American concerned with seeing our pleted card which is a return of 22 % . When No response------2.2 nation make real progress on solving the compared to the national aver.age of a 10- (10) Do you believe there must be stiffer problems of school segregation will be heart­ 15 % response, I think that the people of the Federal regulations to protect consumer ened-and probably surprised-by the qual­ 16th District showed their concern for and interests? ity of President Nixon's long message on this interest in the issues of the day. subject. "A number of people indicated some ques- Yes ------79. 8 It ls a first-rate analysis of the realities of tion about the use of only 'Yes' and 'No' re- No ------17. 2 the problem. There is also a helpful review of sponses on issues so complex. The reason for No response______3. 0 actions of the Supreme Court and lower limiting the choice was to offer each re- courts. spondent the same choice on complex sub- But most important, the President outlines jects as I have on the House floor--either a an approach to solving the problem which, 'Yes' or a 'No'. MEDICAL CARE FOR VETERANS while it won't satisfy everyone, is balanced, "The results of the poll are for the most fair-minded and, quite possibly, practically part quite well defined which would seem creative. to show that the 16th District has some Despite the questionable past antics of the very definite ideas about the questions asked. HON. JOHN M. ZWACH Justice Department, Nixon insists his admin­ I was particularly interested in the over­ OF MINNESOTA istration "won't back off" on enforcing school whelming endorsement given President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES desegregation in de jure cases like most of Nixon's Vietnam policy since two different those in the South and some in the North. groups were saying 'No' on that query. Both Tuesday, April 7, 1970 He repeats farther on in the message that he those people who w.ant an immediate with- Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker the Vet- won't tolerate subterfuges and evasions in drawal and those who want an acceleration , . . '. compliance with court desegregation orders. of the war effort were responding in the erans Administration . medica~ ca~e But the key to the message is his approach negative to the first question." - budget that President Nixon earlier this to tackling the far greater problem of de The results of the tally done of the Eshle- year submitted to the Congress for fiscal facto (neighborhood) segregation. He insists man poll by an independent tabulation year 1971 is for $1,702,000,000. This is a that the " ... alternatives a.re not limited to service were as foHows: record sum, and would have represented perpetuating racial isolation . .. (or) mas- 10670 EXTENSIONS OF .REMARKS April 7, 1970 sively disrupting school patterns" (by busing Second. To strengthen colleges and wholesale and unthinkingly doctrinaire children to schools outside their neighbor­ universities of courses of instruction that denunciation of everything American by hood). Nixon opts, instead, for the concept of a student at a segregated school getting play a uniquely valuable role in Ameri­ those who faster anarchy and revolution, "some of his education in bis 'home base' can higher education or that are faced usually with an arrogance born of ignor­ school and some outside it." with special difficulties. ance and a total disregard of the con­ Denverites will recognize a practical appll­ Third. To provide an organization con­ sequences of their actions for themselves cation of this concept in the present "cul­ cerned, on the highest level, with the de­ as well as for others. tural arts" program and Superintendent velopment of national policy in higher Professor Toole is speaking to all of Robert D. Gilberts• "school complex" pro­ education. us--to the others of his generation as posal. And it just may be that this is an idea whose time has finally come. These goals are of primary importance well as to the vast majority of young All-out integrationists doubt such part­ to the future of our Nation, for our Na­ people--who have, in a sense, capitulated time integration will be effective, but the tion depends, to a large extent, on its to aggressive youth and abdicated their only way to find out is to give the thing a institutions of higher education. own responsibility to protect both them­ thorough trial. I can only add my voice to the Presi­ selves and society from the aggressive And prospects of giving it a thorough trial dent's in endorsing these goals and and disrupting and often dangerous tac­ are much enhanced by Nixon's proposal to tics of a small segment of American divert $500 mi111on from other domestic pro­ stressing their urgency. grams in fiscal year 1971 to finance such in­ youth. He speaks to the many who have novative school integration programs and to been farced to the periphery of a society improve the quality of education in segre­ which is becoming increasingly-not al­ gated and low-achieving schools. IT IS OUR COUNTRY, TOO-IT IS ways beneficially-youth-centered. His We're reserving final judgment on the TIME TO RECLAIM IT message is, "It's our country too-it's :financing prop0&al until we see where the time to reclaim it." money would be taken from, but the Presi­ Professor Toole says simply that he is dent's willingness to back his approach with HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE tired of being blamed, maimed, and con­ $500 million next fiscal year and $1 billion OF l\!ASSACHUSETTS trite, in the face of the arrogant tyranny the year after does convince us, at least, that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he's serious. of some militant children. He argues: Frankly, we have been highly unimpressed Tuesday, April 7, 1970 It's time to live in an adult world where with the President's past performance on we belong ... We owe the "younger gen­ school desegregation. We have doubted his Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, perhaps one eration" what all "older generations" have dedication to really solving this problem, of the most aggrieved casualties of the so­ owed younger generations--love, protection rather than merely playing politics with it. called generation gap in today's society to a point, and respect when they deserve it. The picture that emerges from this mes­ is the over-30, educated and concerned We do not owe them our souls, our privacy, sage is of a President who has taken more American who has believed in and fought our whole lives, and above all, we do not owe trouble than any of his predecessors to really for the liberal traditions of his country them immunity from our mistakes, or their study all the facets of this complex puzzle, and wants to see it continue to build on own. a.nd who ls determined to exert presidential the already considerable progress it has Every generation makes mistakes, always leadership to move the issue off dead center has and always will. We have made our share. and solve it. made in the battle against its most But my generation has made America the He wm be judged, of course, by the results threatening problems--poverty, discrim­ most affluent country on earth; it has tackled he gets. But nothing could be more needed, ination, injustice. He is often one who has head-on a racial problem which no nation on and welcome, than his effort to lead con­ known war and does not like it; he has earth in the history of mankind had dared struct!vely. seen the mistakes of his own society and to do. It has publicly declared war on poverty wants to change it; and he has made an and it has gone to the moon; it has desegre­ investment in his country and wants to gated schools and abolished polio; it has THE PRESIDENT'S PROPOSAL FOR presided over the beginning of what is prob­ protect it. ably the greatest social aild economic revolu­ A NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON Today he is in a quandary. He meets, HIGHER EDUCATION tion in man's history. he knows, or he works with young people It has begun these things, not finished and he understands that most of them them. It ha-s declared itself and committed HON. GARRY BROWN are good, well-motivated, and concerned itself, and taxed itself, and damn near run citizens who will carry on the causes itself into the ground in the cause of social OF MICHIGAN justice and reform. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which his generation has taken up but not yet finished. At the same time, how­ Dr. Toole is taking a chance. By speak­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 ever, he is denounced by a small segment ing from his heart against those, what­ Mr. BROWN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, of youth who have arrogated the self­ ever their age or ideology, whose object the President's 'proposal for a National styled responsibility to "purify" the is to destroy the basic foundations of our Foundation on Higher Education is truly United States and refashion it in their society and undermine the rule of law, exciting. For too long, the Federal Gov­ own image. He is assigned the blame and which is the cornerstone of this Republic, ernment's efforts to aid institutions of made to feel guilty for all the failures of he runs the risk of alienating an intel­ higher education have been narrowly society-failures which he has long since ligentsia which has often taken up the categorical and unnecessarily frag­ recognized and fought to change. He is cause of militant youth without sufficient mented. Creation of a single agency to accused of fostering values which are thought as to the consequences of their assist institutions in the attainment of materialistic, reactionary, and bigoted. support. Too many of us have permitted quality can do much to improve higher And he is getting weary and worried and legitimate and necessary concepts such education across the country. angry. as law, rules, and order to become code The unrest of our Nation's campuses Recently, one of the "over 30,'' Dr. words for suppression. They are not. tells us there 1s some disagreement with Ross Toole, a university professor who Professor Toole's essay is an extraor­ the way our institutions currently view teaches history, is the father of seven dinarily perceptive comment on contem­ their function. There is a great need for children, was reared in the depression porary society and I know that it will be institutional self-evaluation and institu­ and fought in the war and who is a self­ welcomed as a reasonable and informed tional reform. The National Foundation styled "liberal square," wrote an essay statement, clearly written from the heart on Higher Education can prove the cata­ in which he gives eloquent expression to as well as the mind, by all of us who lyst for institutional innovation in these his concern about the younger. genera­ tion. want, desperately, to see America sur­ areas. The result can only be a stronger vive. We know that constructive change higher education system. He is one of those legitimately worried The Pres.ident set forth three goals for Americans I have described. He is not is the only way to guarantee that sur­ the foundation: reactionary. He is not a bigot. He neither vival-we know because we have effected First. To provide a source of funds for believes in nor advocates police action to that change in our own lifetimes. We the support of excellence, new ideas, and suppress campus demonstrations, or must not permit a continuation of such reform in higher education, which could tougher laws and police raids to halt the effective and constructive change to suc­ be given out on the basis of the quality use of drugs. Rather, he has a stake in cumb to anarchy, violence, or tyranny. of the institutions and programs con­ American society and, perhaps more than We--all of us, young and old-have too cerned. anything else. he deeply resents the much to lose. April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10671 Mr. Speaker, I include Dr. Toole's efit of having lived long enough to have either We kn.ow it is far from perfect. We did not judgment or wisdom, become the sages of our make it; we have only sought to change it. article at this point in the RECORD: time? The fact that we have only been minimally [From the Boston Sunday Globe, Mar. 22, The psychologists, the educators and successful is the story of all generations--as 1970] preachers say the young a.re rebelling against it will be the story of the generation coming A PROFESSOR SPEAKS TO THE "0vER-30's": "IT our archaic mores and morals, our material­ up. Yet we have worked a number of wonders. Is OUR COUNTRY Too-IT Is TIME To RE· istic approaches to life, our failures in di­ We have changed it. CLAIM IT" plomacy, our terrible ineptitude in racial We are deeply concerned about cur fail­ (By Dr. K. Ross Toole) matters, our narrowness as parents, our ures; we have not solved the racial problem blindness to the root ms of society. Balder­ but we have faced it; we are terribly worried (NoTE.-Prof. Toole, who has been laid up dash! about the degradation of our environment, with a. heart problem, wrote the accompany­ Society hangs together by the st itching of about injustices, inequities, the military­ ing essay as a letter to his brother John, a. many threads. No 18-yea.r-old is simply the industrial complex and bureaucracy. But we Missoula, Montana, businessman. John sent product of his 18 years: he is the product of have attacked these things. We have, all our copies to friends with children. One of the 3000 yea.rs of the development of mankind­ lives, taken arms against our sea of troubles­ copies got into the hands of the editor of the and throughout those years, injustice has ex­ Billings Gazette who printed it. and fought effectively. isted and been fought; rules have grown out­ WIN-OR-BURN MENTALITY (That was a month ago. Since then, Prof. moded and been changed; doom has hung Toole has given permission so that it has over men and been avoided; unjust wars But we also have fought with a rational been reprinted by papers in Denver, Chicago, have occurred; pain has been the cost of prog­ knowledge of the strength of our adversary; San Francisco and a lot of other places. Let­ ress-and man has persevered. and, above all, knowing that the war is one ters have poured in to Prof. Toole-and, says of attrition in which the "unconditional sur­ bis wife, "he's having a lot of fun reading THE HEART OF THE PIE render" of the forces of evil is not about to them in his sick room. He's begun to analyze As a professor and the father of seven, I occur. We win, if we win at all, slowly and them, too.") have watched this new generation and con­ painfully. That is the kind of war society has I am 49 years old. It took me many years cluded that most of them are fine. A minor­ always fought, because man is what he is. and considerable anguish to get where I am.­ ity are not--and the trouble is that the mi­ Knowing this, why do we listen subservi­ which isn't much of anyplace except exurbia. nority threatens to tyrannize the majority ently to the violent tacticians of the new I was nurtured in depression; I lost four and take over. generation? Either they have total victory by years to war; I am invested with sweat; I I dislike that minority; I am aghast that Wednesday next or burn down our carefully have had one coronary; I am a "liberal," the majority "takes" it and allows itself to built barrioades in adolescent pique; either square and Ia.ma professor. I am sick of the be used. And I address myself to both the they win now or flee off to a commune and "younger generation," hippies, yippies, mili­ minority and the majority. I speak partly as quit; either they solve all problems this week tants and nonsense. a historian, partly as a father and partly as or join a wrecking crew of paranoids. I a.m a professor of history a.t the University one fed up, middleaged and angry member Youth has always been characterized by of Montana., and I am supposed to have "liai­ of the so-called "establishment"-which, by impatient idealism. If it were not, there son" with the young. Worse still, I am father the way, is nothing but a euphemism for would be no change. But impatient idealism of seven children. They range in age from "society." does not extend to guns, fire b<>mbs, riots, vi­ 7 to 23-a.nd I a.m fed up with nonsense. Common courtesy and a regard for the cious arrogance, and instant gratification. I am tired of being blamed, maimed and opinions of others is not merely a decoration That is not idealism; it is childish tyranny. contrite; I a.m tired of tolerance and the on the pie crust of society, it is the heart of The worst of it is that we (professors and reaching out (which is always my function) the pie. Too many "youngsters" are egocen­ faculties in particular) in a paroxysm of self­ for understanding. I am sick of the total tric boors. They will not listen, they wlll only abnegation and apology, go along, abdicate, irrationality of the campus "rebel," whose shout down. They will not discuss but, like apologize as if we had personally created the bearded visage, dirty hair, body odor and four year olds, they throw rocks and shout. ills of the world-and thus lend ourselves to "tactics" are childish but brutal, naive but Arrogance is obnoxious; it is also destruc­ chaos. We are the led, not the leaders. And dangerous, and the essence of arrogant tyr­ tive. SOciety has drastically obtracized ar­ we are fools. anny-the tyranny of spoiled brats. rogance without the backing of demonstrable As a professor I meet the activists and rev­ I am terribly disturbed that I may be in­ accomplishment. Why, then, do we tolerate olutionaries every day. They are inexcusably cubating more of the same. Our household arrogant slobs who occupy our homes, our ignorant. If you want to make a revolution, is permissive, our approach to discipline is an administration buildings, our streets and do you not study the ways to do it? Of course apology and a. retreat from standards--usu­ parks, urinating on our beliefs and defiling not! Che Guevarra becomes their ·hero. He ally accompanied by a. gift in cash or kind. our premises? failed; he died in the jungles of Bolivia with "It's time to call a halt: time to live in It ls not the police we need, ( our genera­ an army of six. His every move was a miscal­ an adult world where we belong and time to tion and theirs) it is an expression of our culation and a mistake. Mao Tse Tung and put these people in their places. We owe the disgust and disdain. Yet we do more than Ho Chi Minh led revolutions based on a peas­ "younger generation" what all "older genera­ permit it, we dignify it with introspective antry and an overwhelmingly ancient rural tions" have owed younger genera.tions--love, flagellation. Somehow it is our fault. Balder­ economy. They are the pattern-makers for protection to a. point, and respect when they dash again! the SDS and the student militants. deserve it. Sensitivity is not the property of the I have yet to talk to an "activist" who has We do not owe them our souls, our privacy, young, nor was it invented in 1950. The read Crane Brinton's, "The Anatomy of Rev­ our whole lives, and above all, we do not owe young of any generation have felt the same olution,'' or who is familiar with the works of them immunity from our mistakes, or their impulse to grow, to reach out, to touch stars, Jefferson, Washington, Paine Ada.ms or even own. to live freely and to let the minds loose along Marx or Engles. And I have yet to talk to a Every generation makes mistakes, always unexplored corridors. Young men and young student militant who has read about racism has and always will. We have made our share. women have always stood on the same hill elsewhere and-or who understands, even But my generation has ma.de America the and felt the same vague sense of restraint primitively, the 1ong and wonderous struggle most affluent country on earth; it has tackled that separated them from the ultimate ex­ of the NAACP and the genius of Martin Lu­ head-on a racial problem which no nation perience-the sudden and complete expan­ ther King-whose name they invariably take on eart;h in the history of mankind had dared sion of the mind, the final fulfillment. It is in vain. to do. It has publicly declared war on pov­ one of the oldest, sweetest and most bitter An old and scarred member of the wars of erty and it has gone to the moon; it has experiences of mankind. organized labor in the U.S. in the 1930s re­ desegregated schools and abolished polio; it Today's young people did not invent it; cently remarked to me, "these 'radicals' has presided over the beginning of what is they do not own it. And what they seek couldn't organize well enough to produce a probably the greatest social and economic to attain, all mankind has sought to attain sensible platform let alone revolt their way revolution in man's history. throughout the ages. Shall we, therefore, ap­ out of a paper bag." But they can, because It has begun these things, not finished prove the presumed attainment of it through we let them destroy our universities, make them. It has declared itself and committed heroin, speed, LSD and other drugs? our parks untenable, make a shambles of our itself, and taxed itself, and damn near run And shall we, permissively, let them poison streets, and insult our flag. itself into the ground in the cause of social themselves simply because, as in most other I assert that we are in trouble with this Justice and reform. respects, we feel vaguely guilty because we younger generation not because we have Its mistakes are fewer than my father's brought them into the world? Again, it is not failed our country, not because of affluence generation-or his father's or his. Its great­ police raids and tougher laws that we need; or stupidity, not because we are antldeluvian, est mistake is not Vietnam; it is the abdica­ it is merely strength. The strength to explain not because we are middle-class material­ tion of its first responsibillty, its pusillani­ in our potty, middleaged way, that what they ists-but simply because we have failed to mous capitulation to its youth, end its sick seek, we sought; that it is somewhere but keep that generation in its place and we preoccupation with the problems, the mind, not here and sure as hell not in drugs; that, have failed to put them back there when the psyche, the raison d'etre of the young. in the meanwhile, they will cease and desist they got out of it. We have the power; we Sin~e when have children ruled this coun­ the poison game. And this we must explain do not have the will. We have the right, we try? By virtue of what right, by what accom­ early and hard-and then police it ourselves. have not exercised it. plishment should thousands of teenager's wet Society, "The Establishment," is not a for­ To the extent that we now rely on the behind the ears and utterly without the ben- eign thing we seek to impose on the young. police, mace, the National Guard, tear gas, - 10672 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 steel fences and a wringing of hands, we will ment, publicly stated, should then pass to the quality of a great many of the decisions fall. the courts. of Earl Warren and his epigoni. What we need is a reappraisal of our own If buildings are occupied, the court en­ Altheus Ma.son of Princeton, for instance, middleclass selves, our worth and our hard­ joins the participating students. It has the although greatly sympathetic to the decision won progress. We need to use disdain, not awful power to declare them in contempt. reached in Brown vs. Board of Education, mace, we need to reassess a weapon we came If violence ensues, it is violation of the tore his hair at the legal reasoning that led by the hard way, by travail and labor, firm courts' order. Courts are not subject to fears, to it. Learned Hand, whose mind was any­ authority as parents, teachers, businessmen, not part of the action. thing but mediocre, went up to Harvard to workers and politicians. Too simple? Not at all. Merely an old say of Mr. Warren and his constitutional The vast majority of our children from 1 process which we seem to have forgotten. combo that they appeared to think of them­ to 20 are fine kids. We need to back this It is too direct for those who seek to em­ selves as a third legislative chamber. majority with authority and with the firm ploy Freudian analysis, too positive for "aca­ Edward Corwin was considered probably conviction that we owe it to them and to demic senates" who long for philosophical the top constitutional expert in the land, ourselves. Enough of apology, enough of debate and too prosaic for those who seek and his opinion of the Warren Court was analysis, enough of our abdication of re­ orgastic self condemnation. that it was inexpressibly slovenly. sponsibility, enough of the denial of our own This is a country full of decent, worried And it wasn't only outsiders. A professor maturity and good sense. people like myself. It is also a country full from Notre Dame amused himself-and his The best place to start is at home. But, of people fed-up with nonsense. We need readers-by publishing a pastiche of com­ the most practical and most effective place (those of us over 30)-tax ridden, harried, ments about the legal reasoning and conclu­ right now, is our campuses. This does not confused, weary and beat-up-to reassert our sions of the majority of the Warren Court. mean a flood of angry edicts, a sudden clamp hard won prerogatives. It is our country, It read like calls from the John Birch Society down, a "new" policy. It simply means that too. We have fought for it, bled for it, for the impeachment of Earl Warren, and faculties should stop playing chicken, that dreamed for it, and we live it. It is time consisted of excerpts from the dissenting demonstrators should be met not with po­ to reclaim it. opinions of members of the Supreme Court lice but with expulsions. The power to expell about the work of their honorable colleagues. (strangely unused) has been the legitimate At one time or another Earl Warren was recourse of universities since 1209. "CONSTRUCTIONISM" IS NOT accused by his colleagues of historical igno­ • WE MUST HAVE RULES MEDIOCRITY rance, self-contradiction, logical fatuity, a More importantly it means that as fresh­ failure to grasp elements of the argument, man orientation, whatever form it takes, the legal sciolism, and double parking. administration should set forth the ground HON. JACK EDWARDS In other words, the Warren Court is great­ ly appreciated by its admirers mostly because rules-not belligerently but forthrightly. OF ALABAMA A university is the microcosm of society it came to the right conclusions, from their itself. It cannot function without rules for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES point of view. conduct. It cannot, as society cannot, legis­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 And inasmuch as people tend to believe late morals. It is dealing with young men that what they believe in is the profoundest and women, 18 to 22. Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. achievement of the human mind, they sim­ But it can, and must, promulgate rules. Speaker, numerous Members of Con­ ply deduced that the judges who gave them It cannot function without order-and, gress and of the press have had a field those conclusions were the most brilliant of therefore, who disrupts order must leave. It day with Senator ROMAN HRUSKA'S off­ men. Of course, it does not follow. cannot permit students to determine when, hand remark about "mediocrity" and the 3) The meritocratic argument that the what and where they shall be taught; it Supreme Court. William F. Buckley, 1n brighter you are the better off you are guid­ cannot permit the occupation of its premises, ing the affairs of state is something the lib­ in violation both of the law and its regu­ his superb and unmatched style, has erals ought to feel just a little uncomfortable lations, by "militants." written a timely, factual response to about, when they consider their total sit­ There is room within the university com­ these outlandish comments. I heartily uation. After all, they do believe--do they plex for basic student participation but there recommend it to my colleagues: not?-that a man should be tried by a jury is no room for slobs, disruption and violence. [From the Evening Star, Apr. 6, 1970] of his peers? Why not by a jury o! Ph.Ds? The first obligation of the administration is They were extremely enthusiastic about to lay down the rules early, clearly and posi­ "CONSTRUCTIONISM" lsN'T MEDIOCRITY Harry Truman, were our friends who are tively, and to attach to this statement the (By William F. Buckley, Jr.) laughing at the idea of putting a mediocre penalty for violation. It is profoundly sim­ Our intelligentsia have had a wonderfUl judge into the Supreme Court. Mr. Truman ple-and the failure to state it---in advance-­ time with the offhand remark of Sen. Ro­ was, by most accounts, a very good president. is the salient failure of university admin­ man Hruska to the effect that if it is true By no one's account was he ever more than istrators in this age. that Judge carswell is a "mediocre" legal a mediocre mind. Expulsion is a. dreaded verdict. The ad­ mind, then maybe he would be especially And 4), if mediocrity means that when ministta.tion merely needs to make it clear, useful to the Supreme Court. you read the Constitution and the Consti­ quite dispassionately, that expulsion is the That of course is a natural !or Art Buch­ tution says two plus two equals four, and inevitable consequences of violation of the wald, who is amusing in his treatment of you therefore rule that two plus two equals rules. Among the rules, even though it seems such matters, and Herblock, who will be four, rather tha.n rule that it depends on gratuitous, should be these: savage. It will be wonderful fodder for the whether you had an underprivileged educa­ 1. Violence, armed or otherwise, the force­ next 6 speeches of John Kenneth Galbraith, tional background, then precisely what we ful occupation of buildings, the intimida­ and the next 600 of Arthur Schlesinger. need is a. little more mediocrity; and I for tion by covert or overt act of any student Fair enough. But it is worth while to make one hope Mr. Carswell overwhelms the court or faculty member or administrative person­ a couple of points before it becomes settled with it. nel, the occupation of any university prop­ doctrine that the Nixon administration sees erty, field, park, building, lot or other place, mediocrity as the apogee of the curve. shall be cause for expulsion. 1) What Sen. Hruska obviously intended COVERAGE OF THE WORKING POOR to say was that the Warren Court got it­ UNDER FAMILY ASSISTANCE ACT MAJOR BLAME: FACULTIES self a reputation for legal virtuosity among 2. The disruption of any class, directly or those people who applauded its decisions: indirectly, by voice of presence or the de­ which decisions were not popular, for the struction of any university property, shall be most part, with the people o! the United HON. CHARLES W. SANDMAN cause for expulsion. States. OF NEW JERSEY This is neither new nor revolutionary. It Therefore, if in order to redress the bal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ls merely the reassertion of an old, accepted ance on the court it becomes necessary to and necessary right of the administration name to it someone who does not inhabit Tuesday, April 7, 1970 of any such institution. And the faculty the peaks where the air is pure, why maybe should be informed, firmly, of this reasser­ we'd be better off stopping ha.If way up the Mr. SANDMAN. Mr. Speaker, one of tion, before trouble starts. This does not con­ mountain where there is a little more oxygen. the most innovative and significant as­ stitute provocatism. It is one of the oldest The thinking is the exact equivalent of pects of the Family Assistance Act is the rights and necessities of the university com­ Lincoln's on hearing that Gen. Grant drank extension of coverage to the working munity. The failure of university adminis­ Whisky. poor. The present welfare system ex­ trators to use it is one of the mysteries of 2) It is true that the Warren Court be­ cludes those who work regularly but at our permissible age-and the blame must came extremely popular with American lib­ low wages. This often creates situations fall largely on faculties because they have erals. It is also true that it was popular consistently pressured administrators not to precisely because the court reached conclu­ where some who work may have less in­ act. sions that were ideologically congenial to come than others who do not. Suppose the students refuse to recognize these gentleman. It is estimated that among the popu­ expulsions, suppose they march, riot, strike. As a matter o! fact, the shrewdest legal lation covered by the Family Assistance The police? No. The matter, by prearrange- minds in the land were utterly appalled by Act there are 1.1 million family heads April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10673 who work fulltime, and still suffer the the largest and most respected ice touring of their constitutional authority, con­ affliction of poverty. show in the United States. Ea.ch show is de­ fronted as they were and still are with Today, no State provides assistance signed a.s an attraction for the family group. Obviously, its inclusion in a story of alleged the realities of the situation. under AFDC for a family headed by a corruption ls extremely ha.rll\ful to the ex­ As for the myths of which the dis­ father who works fulltime-even though cellent reputation which Ice Ca.pa.des ·enjoys tinguished gentleman speaks, they are the family may be living in poverty. Only and it is exceedingly detrimental to the thou­ like facts, what he has made them out to 25 of 54 jurisdictions provide assistance sands of stockholders who have invested their be. The only hitch is that he still does not for families headed by unemployed fa­ money in our Company. We would hope, have the authority commensurate with thers. As a result, a father often finds therefore, that in the interests of fairness his beliefs to impose his Southeast Asia that he can provide better for his family you will correct the Record by the inclusion policy on the President. Idealism can be by not working at all or by only working of an additional statement which indicates that neither Emprise nor its principal stock­ advanced by the most convincing logic, part time. Often, he finds that he must holders have any ownership interest or asso­ and indeed, the division in our country desert his children so that they can re­ ciation with either Ice Capades or its parent today is characterized by persons of all ceive the food and clothing necessary to company, Metromedia, Inc. persuasions whose depth of belief is equal sustain them. Should you need any further reference to that of the gentleman who purports Both as a matter of equity and family with regard to the integrity of our Company, to have the only true and meaningful stability, the working poor should be in­ I am certain that many of your colleagues solution to U.S. policy for Southeast Asia. cluded in the welfare system. can attest to that integrity, since we operate radio and television stations in several of the He is not the only eminent scholar in the major cities in the United States. We are, field of foreign affairs, but he is the only of course, engaged in many other legitimate one with a forum of such prestige and businesses, of all which are described in our influence as to further deepen the divi­ A LETTER FROM THE ASSISTANT la.test Annual Report, a copy of which is en­ sion in this country and prolong any SECRETARY OF METROMEDIA, INC. closed. settlement of the conflict in Vietnam. I would appreciate being advised what The ''disaster of great proportions to action you take on this request. HON. SAM STEIGER I am ta.king the liberty o! forwarding a American foreign policy in Asia" might OF ARIZONA copy of this letter to Mr. Martin Zad, Execu­ very well be the caption for the position IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive Sports Editor of The Washington Post, which the gentleman enunciates. If the for his information. North Vietnam regime ever sought a Tuesday. April 7. 1970 Very truly yours, highly Influential ally among our own Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speak­ THOMAS J. DOUGHERTY, people, or a persuasive propaganda er, the following is a letter received from Assistant Secretary. tool, it must certainly find consolation Thomas J. Dougherty, assistant secre­ Mr. Dougherty also advised my office in the gentleman's proposed policy for tary of Metromedia, Inc.: that Lou Jacobs formerly had at least a which he has long been the leading METROMEDIA, !NC., 7-percent interest in the ice show but advoca.te. Washington, D.c .• March 24, 1970. has had no ownership since 1963 when Hon. SAM STEIGER, it was acquired by Metromedia. It is my House of Representatives, pleasure to enter these corrections. COULD CARSWELL BE WORSE Washington, D.C. THAN OTHERS? DEAR MR. STEIGER: On March 4, 1970, you appeared on the Floor of the House and HON. E. Y. BERRY spoke a.bout the interests of Emprise, Inc. U.S. POLICY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Buffalo, New York, in various enterprises OF SOUTH DAKOTA throughout the United States. During the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES course o! your speech, you stated that Em­ prise owned the Ice Capa.des. Your state­ HON. JOHN E. HUNT Tuesday. April 7. 1970 OF NEW JERSEY ment, a.s printed in the Congressional Rec­ Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, one of the ord, appeared under the heading "Emprise: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Senators from my State of South Da­ A Lesson in Corporate Calumny." Tuesday. April 7. 1970 The Washington Post edition !or Satur­ kota has announced that he will not vote day, March 7, 1970, printed portions o! Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, the Foreign for confirmation of Judge Harrold Cars­ your statement, utilizing the title that ap­ Relations Committee of the other body well in spite of the fact that probably peared in the Congressional Record. Imme­ ls currently giving us another rundown 75 percent of the voters in South Da­ diately upon reading the Post on Saturday on the world situation and, I might add, kota feel as columnist John Chamberlain morning, I called your office and spoke to feels. The article follows: Mr. Paul Rosenblatt, your Administrative if the remarks of one prominent Mem­ Assistant, to advise him that you had ma.de ber of that body are any indication, the COULD CARSWELL BE WORSE '!'HAN OTHERS? a grievous error in your speech. I advised outcome seems headed to run down the (By John Chamberlain) Mr. Rosenblatt that Ice Capades is a wholly­ United States. WASHINGTON.-! am no student of the ju­ owned subsidiaTy of Metromedia., Inc., which He suggests that the United States dicial opinions of Judge G. Harrold Carswell, 1s a publicly-held company With in excess still has time, but not much, to arrange but it a.muses me to think that any lower o! 10,000 stockholders. I might note, paren­ for a sellout in South Vietnam and that court justice in the land could be deemed thetically, that there a.re included amongst we should accept Communist domina­ unfit to mingle on the Supreme C'ourt bench our stockholders a vast number o!' pension with some of the alleged great brains that funds established by some of the most re­ tion of Indo-China--North and South have been confusing the legislative function spected corporations in America, several Vietnam plus Laos and Cambodia-­ With the judicial for lo! these many years. well-known mutual funds and various bank­ though not advocate it, as a fact of life. Quite privately I have long been convinced ing institutions o! unquestioned integrity. Of course, these facts, like art, are con­ that one of the qualifications !or a. modern I further informed Mr. Rosenblatt that I ceived in the eyes and mind of the be­ Supreme Court justice in the age of the see our Company's stock transfer sheets each holder and it appears, much to the con­ Great Society must be that he is unable to month and that I knew o! my own knowl­ sternation of the gentleman, that his read. How, save on the basis of functional edge that Emprise did not own as much as underlying gripe is that he does not have illiteracy, can one explain the eight-to-one 1 % of the stock of Metromedia. A further decision in the Mrs. Madalyn Murray school investigation of the stock records o! our the authority of the President to imple­ prayer case of 1963? corporation during the folloWing week dis­ ment what he conceives the policy of Justice Tom Clark, who wrote the majority closed that no stock is held in the name o! the United States should be with respect opinion which effectively ma.de voluntary Emprise, Inc. or either J~remy or Max Ja­ to the nations of Southeast Asia. prayers or Bible-reading in the schools illegal, cobs. It is the gentleman's contention that could hardly have had Article One of the Bill I might point out also that The Washing­ Vietnam never really mattered to the of Rights clearly before him when he spoke ton Post on March 14, 1970, carried a story for the Court. What this First Amendment quoting Jeremy Jacobs, where he states, security of the United States and he has enlisted a small, vociferous, and often to the Constitution says, quite explicitly, is "[Neither] Emprise, nor any member o! our that "Congress shall make no law respecting family, has any connections [sic] with Ice violent army of believers in his cause. the establishment of a religion." Well, Con­ Capades, except for the fact that we may be The fact of the matter, however, is that gress never has tried to establish a national the concessionaire whenever they appear." the Presidents of the present and recent church; Congressmen, even the mediocrities Metromedia, Inc. has owned Ice Ca.pa.des past history have not seen eye to eye with among them, have been able to read. since May 1963. Ice Capades is recognized as the gentleman in the pragmatic exercise The first amendment, however, conveys no 672-Part 8 10674 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 hint of an instruction to states and the local Congress of the high caliber of edu­ enough money to do the things that should communities about legislating on religious cational leadership which has been be done in education. One of the big Jobs matters. (When the Bill of Rights was achieved in my State. Dr. Harry M. Phil­ we, as educators, are going to have in the adopted some state actually had what next decade is to decide what is most im­ amounted to local states churches.) Presum­ pott, esteemed president of Auburn Uni­ portant and what is less important among ably Articles Nine and Ten of the Bill of versity is most deserving of this signifi­ all of the good things that we could do." Rights, which defend rights "retained by the cant honor. Although Dr. Philpott has He said educators "have a present danger of people" and "reserved to the states," leave held the reins as President of this fine educational decisions being made by people it entirely up to the local voters in the local institution for only a few years, his lead­ who wm not have educational responsibility communities to do as they please about ership and outstanding contributions to and accountability for those decisions. we school prayers provided, of course, that in­ the betterment of education are well rec­ need to get before the American public the dividuals are not coerced into praying against ognized. fa.ct that if we are going to have quality edu­ their will. cation, ultimate decisions in matters affect­ If words mean what they obviously say, I might point out that in a time when ing schools will have to be made by those eight Supreme Court justices should have discord is rampant and becomes the or­ people who will be held accountable for the been sent back to school for remedial read­ der of the day on many college cam­ decisions. ing instruction after the "Mad Murray" de­ puses across America, Dr. Philpott is "The courts need to recognize this and cision. highly respected and his counsel is so­ whether it be an agency from Washington Then there is the case of Justice William 0. licited by both students and faculty alike that is here today and gone tomorrow or 'Douglas, who has just come out with a book at Auburn University. whether it be a Judge, the accountability will called "Points of Rebellion." Douglas, as a rest with us in education ultimately as to judge, is sworn to uphold the Constitution, The enclosed article, which appeared what happens and the other folks are going the established fundamental law of the land. in the Birmingham Post-Herald be­ to be forgotten," he said. This has not stopped him from writing this speaks the esteem and affection which astounding passage: "We must realize that my State holds for this career educator. today's establishment is the new George III. I would like to commend this article to Whether it will continue to adhere to his the attention of my colleagues: SECRETARY HICKEL TELLS PAR­ tactics, we do not know. If it does, the re­ "TOP EDUCATOR" Is DR. PHILPOTT TICIPANTS IN ENVffiONMENTAL dress, honored in tradition, is also revolu­ (By Jim Goodwin) AWARENESS WEEK SYMPOSIUM tion." AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY In my innocent way I had always thought Educators in Alabama must promote the HOW CONCERNED YOUNG PEOPLE the way to change out basic laws is pre­ necessary mechanlsim and participate in the scribed in the Constitution which Justice rewriting of the basic constitution of Ala­ CAN HELP FIGHT POLLUTION Douglas is supposed to be protecting. The bama, Dr. Harry M. Philpott said as he ac­ fundamental constitutive document of our cepted the award as Alabama's "Educator of republic has been amended 25 times, proving the Year," presented by the Kappa Phi Kappa HON. CHESTER L. MIZE that it can be done when the urge to depart Friday. OF KANSAS from the older established law is compelling. The award was made to Dr. Philpott, Au­ IN THE IIOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Should not one assume that any right­ burn University president, for his contribu­ minded Supreme Court justice would insist tions to the betterment of education in Ala­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 that "revolution" is not to be supported in bama and for his work as chairman of the Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, Secretary of preference to amendment by anyone speak­ Alabama Education Study Commission. the Interior Walter Hickel, a native of ing as a member of the high bench? "In the revision of the Alabama state con­ stitution, certain things pertaining to edu­ Kansas, was the principal speaker at the You can't very well advocate illegality out Environmental Awareness Week Sym­ of one side of your mouth and presume to be cation should be changed," said Dr. Philpott. ta.ken seriously as a defender of the law when "As educators," he said, "some of the things posium at Kansas State University, you sit on the cases brought before your we have to do are outmoded constitutionally Manhattan, Kans., Monday, April 6. His court. and these things must be done away with if address, one of the famous Landon Lec­ Let me say it again that I am not a compe­ we are to have an effective and an efficient ture Series at the university, was tied in tent judge of G. Harrold Carswell's legal acu­ school system." with the symposium, and was further men. To make a proper study of his record "We need an objective analysis of the tax evidence of how thoroughly dedicated I would have to take a month off from my structure of Alabama.. We need to have a this administration is to the task of im­ work as a commentator on affairs. Since I study made, preferably by outside experts, and determine where we have equity and in­ proving the quality of our environment. am under contract to deliver a certain num­ Secretary Hickel explained to the stu­ ber of columns to editors each week, no such equity, to determine the way to support the kinds of programs that we need and also to dents and others about special programs time is avaliable to me. make such recommendations as are neces­ developed by the Department of Interior However, I do have time to look at indi­ sary to change this," Philpott said. vidual court opinions and to refresh myself to enlist the services of young people in on the wording of the Bill of Rights. I would EQUALIZE TAXES the all-out battle to stop pollution. He be willing to gamble that Judge Carswell "It is not going to help the state of Ala­ explained the role of SCOPE---Student couldn't do worse than five or six of the Jus­ bama to say, as politicians have said, that Councils on Pollution and Environment, tices who have been legislating for us from 'if I am elected there will never be another and ECO-Environmental Control Orga­ the high bench for yea.rs. And I am sure that tax, another new tax in the State of Alabama,' nization. Judge Carswell would never, in his right and they say, 'I am for quality education, and What Secretary Hickel told the sym­ mind, write a book condoning revolution I pledge to improve the quality of education when the amending process is open to those in the state of Alabama'," he said. posium at Kansas State is of interest to who want to change the law. "The very least they can do, if they are young people across the country. Under Some of our senators, speaking in defense going to pledge no new taxes is to say we are leave to extend my remarks, I wish to of Carswell, have said the Supreme Court going to take a look at the taxes we have bring this important message to the might benefit by the addition of a represent­ and we are going to equalize them a little attention of my colleagues: ative of "mediocre citizens." This is hardly bit better," Dr. Philpott said. REMARKS OF SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR the most felicitous way to put it. What we The constitution, according to Dr. Philpott, WALTER J. HICKEL AT ALF LANDON LECTURE do have the right to expect is that judges should provide for annual sessions of the SERIES, KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, MAN· should at least be able to understand English. legislature and "we need to have those ses­ HATTAN, KANS., APRIL 6, 1970 sions as far as the school people are con­ cerned in January, so we know what we a.re I never would have dreamed, as the son of going to be dealing with the following year." a western Kansas tenant farmer, that the "These are Just some of the things that clear skies and sparkling streams of Kansas EDUCATOR OF THE YEAR the Alabama Education Study Commission would be in danger in my lifetime. talked about and some of the things that Even on the hottest summer day you could will require legislative and political action. look up at those skies, breathe deeply and be HON. BILL NICHOLS "In the opinion of the commission, there refreshed. OF ALABAMA are more school districts in the State of Ala­ Or scoop up a drink of safe, sweet water IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bama than we should have," Philpott said. with your hand. In the area of educator responsibility, Dr. But in a few years Kansans may not be Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Philpott said, "We are going to have to be able to enjoy these same carefree pleasures. more vigorous in our experimental programs." Talk of permanent destruction of the en­ Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, one of vironment is not the idle threat of an Alabama's outstanding educators has re­ URGES PRIORITIES alarmist. cently been named "Educator of the "Priorities must be established for our edu­ It is fact. And it is frightening. Year" by Kappa Phi Kappa educational cational programs," he said, "and there will Smog is no longer a phenomenon peculiar fraternity. I would like to appraise the never be a time when we are going to have to California.. April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10675" Polluted water is no longer just a . hazard SCOPE is a unique experiment in gov­ termined to find solutions-with or with­ on the Hudson or the Chesapeake. ernment-student relations. out governmental involvement. All of mankind is plunging headlong into Students are being invited to participate This makes this situation both an oppor­ an environmental emergency. directly with the government on an emerg­ tunity-and an obligation-for the Admin­ And yet many people still refuse to face it. ing national issue of immense proportions. istration. It is not always easy to recognize the warn­ The Federal Water Pollution Control Ad­ The opportunity: ing signals. ministration in the Interior Department has At a time when we a.re beginning to real­ They are as subtle in some places as cancer established SCOPE committees in each of its ize the deteriorating condition of our en­ symptoms-but they are no less deadly. nine regions across the nation. vironment, the Administration can acquire It's a terrible paradox-air and water and These committees will serve as a channel invaluable aid-in terms of commitment, land-the very elements which attracted our through which students can contact fed­ knowledge, and sheer manpower-to bring ancestors from the east--are being threat­ eral officials, and secure technical informa­ about a reversa-1 in ecological trends. ened by our efforts to build a vigorous tion developed by federal agencies. Some are highly skilled and others are society. Through SCOPE we are showing govern­ only beginning. We are beginning to realize that the best ment that it pays to listen-as well as talk! But the task at hand has a broad range things in life are not free. If we don't pay We are developing methods to insure that of needs. the cost to protect them, we shall lose them. student suggestions, and their views on en­ The obligation: A spreading blanket of toxic air-the most vironmental problems--and program priori­ Most of these individuals are "apolitical," dangerous elements of which are invisible­ ties---can reach us directly. or even "antipolitical." is encircling the globe. And scientists have Since meeting with representatives from The environmental crisis may well present found both smog and DDT in the snow layers each of the nine regions, I have decided to our last chance to bring significant numbers of Antarctica. expand this program from FWPCA, into a of potential future leaders back into the po­ Our rivers, the life system of the land, are wider framework. litical process. becoming a death system for the oceans. We are exploring the possibilities of ex­ Government can and must prove that it Millions of tons of pollutants and pesticides panding it to an interdepartmental organi­ can respond, and encourage youth involve­ are being poured into the sea, threatening to zation. In this way it could have an impact ment. destroy man's greatest source for future food on all the federal agencies working on pol­ We are finding that a highly developed so­ and oxygen. lution problems. ciety such as ours demands a whole new Manhattan, Kansas, is a long way from the Already the SCOPE representatives are breed of professional-a. person who can ocean. serving as part of a highly motivated, pub­ study both ecology and economics-and bi­ But even here, we must become far more lic "early warning system." ology and philosophy. concerned about the quality of this essential When pollution is spotted--or major proj­ We need people who are broad enough in element of the life system. ects are launched without regard for the their exposure to have balanced judgment. They say Kansans are realists, like our environment, SCOPE is notifying the au­ These must be people who are ready to "show me" neighbors in Missouri. thorities. do exhaustive research and wide field I hope that if you remember nothing else And now, as I travel around the country, work-and who are fascinated by nature and from my remarks today, you will remember I am meeting with the regional SCOPE the needs of man. my warning that pollution is not just some­ groups to discuss regional concerns. There ls a lot o! talk heard today about thing politically popular to talk about. Today will see the first o! those meetings, students and the environmental movement. It is a worldwide threat of the highest with the SCOPE group here a,t Kansas State. In fact, you can even get an argument from magnitude. Pollution will only be eradicated when the some that the "Environment Bag"-as some The question before us is this: "Can we government and the public work together on of my younger staff people refer to it !-is remold our mental attitudes and retool our it as a team. a "sellout." industry fast enough to do something about I am encouraged that the student com­ A sellout of the issues of the day. it?" munity is responding. For example, you may have heard that a I believe we can. We look forward to combining the en­ group of students demonstrated against me, My belief-and it is mainly a statement of thusiasm and fresh ideas of youth with the when I spoke a few weeks ago at Princeton.­ faith, not of fact--is based on faith in the technica,l competence, and enforcement ca­ Although more than a thousand Princeton heart of the future-the university campus. pacity of the federal government. students later s1'tned a petition of apology. The young people of this country have We also have many young people who want During my speech, I was interrupted with risen to the moment. to take a. full time role in the environment shouts like, They have challenged the very foundations battle. of our value system. "What about racism and black libera­ Because the crisis we face is much deeper tion?" They ask, "Can we afford to consume tha.n. just pollution. It has to do with the everything we can afford to buy?" entire way men live. My attitude about these protests, and I have met with hundreds of students in For this reason, I have called for creation others, is this: recent months, and these young people want of a. National Environmental Service Force, As Secretary of the Interior, a clean en­ to know: patterned roughly after the Peace Oorps. vironment for all Americans is my respon­ "What right have we-in the time-span of . • . In. fact, a few editors have already sibility-and my commitment. a few generations--to use up a majority of called this proposed organization the "En­ For example, I want to make sure that as the irreplaceable natural resources which it vironmental Peace Corps." we get our black Americans out of the ghet­ took millions of years to produce?" I have received hundreds of letters from tos.... They ask, "What will be left for our chil­ young doctors, undergraduates, engineers, That they have somewhere worth getting dren? And for their children in turn?" high school students, biologists and archi­ in to. They talk about the "environmental tects. By no measure does the environmental ethic"-the right of plants and animals to These are eager young people who want to crusade conflict with man's struggle !or equal continue to exist in ecological balance. participate. treatment and justice. These are serious questions. And I am We are suggesting that this group take the It is complimentary to any attempt to im­ serious about trying to answer them. formal name of Environmental Control Or­ prove the quality of an individual's li!e. It What concerns me as an official responsi­ ganization, or "ECO" (E-00). is forcing us to realize that there is really ble to you and all Americans, is how the The idea is to place young talent in those only one race-the human race. input from the concerned young people can areas of the nation needing study and help America is a crusadlng nation. have a meaningful impact on the centers the most. Recently I addressed the American Petro­ of governmental activity. Spontaneous groups on the grass roots leum Institute and I told them: Life is changing so fast in the seventies level have already sprung up a.cross the "The oil industry-like much of today's that we can no longer tolerate the old pace country. industry-stands in danger of becoming the of a good idea fighting its way through es­ And I believe ECO members can provide monster of American society. tablished channels. leadership for those willing efforts which "This is a crusading nation •.. and the A good idea today can be out of date in often need direction. crusaders are up in arms." a year, or even a few months. At the secondary education level, ECO The enemy is becoming clearer to the To fight this "bureaucratic breakdown" in could help fill the gap in schools which do people . , . it is those who foul the nation's the Department of the Interior, we have not have the trained personnel to meet the air and water ... and those who stand in a taken several steps. mushrooming demands of environmental position of authority to do something about Last month I set up in my office a "Task education. the destruction of our resources-but who Force on Environmental Education and The scientists, lawyers and social scien­ do nothing. Youth Activities." This coordinating body tists who participate could lend their skills I am challenging you-as you are chal­ will serve as a clearinghouse and creative to the community leaders in a given region lenging government-to respond to national center for a number of functions. to evaluate, plan and execute new ap­ and world needs. It will give us immediate access to a new proaches to ecological problems. Industry does not produce Just for its own program called "SCOPE"-Student Councils Educated, and educating others in environ­ good. or Pollution and Environment. mental problems, these Americans a.re de- They don't make ca.rs just because they 10676 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 enjoy making cars .•• nor does any manu. recognizes that in a time of fiscal strin­ His message was short on specifics and facturer produce a product without knowing gency the Federal Government should figures [ except for the 1.6 billion dollars to he has a market for it. make its support available to the most be spent on improving education in racially They produce because you want-and impacted areas, and that hardly seems ade­ often need-what they produce. needy, since those who are relatively quate]. Still, this is one area where we'll You are challenging government to reg­ well-off may find alternate methods of have to follow Atty. Gen. John N. Mitchell's ulate broadly and prosecute those who pol­ assistance from non-Federal sources. To advice and watch what the administration lute-and I am moving to meet that chal· complement these provisions, the mes­ does, not what it says. That's the only sure lenge, as you can see in our recent request for sage also calls for the creation of a pro­ way to be sure what is meant by the blurred, a Grand Jury investigation into oil pollu· gram to assist the States in establishing ambiguous terms now used in talking about tion in the Gulf of Mexico. career education programs, particularly schools and segregation. My challenge to you, is to crusade not only against the sins of the past, whic'I\ in junior colleges and community col­ you can blame on the older generation, but leges, and provides $100 million to carry it out. This recognition of the need for to also crusade to safeguard the future by SCHWENGEL PRAISES RUMSFELD changing our priorities and even our life­ a viable vocational component in post­ styles. secondary education has long been FOR OEO REORGANIZATION Do not fall for the temptation to write-off lacking, and I congratulate the Presi­ government and business. There are ele· dent for it. I urge all my colleagues to HON. FRED SCHWENGEL ments in both groups who are determined study carefully the reforms contained to find ways of doing things. OF IOWA Many of us are search for how to in the President's message on higher edu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES streamline clumsy bureaucracy. We are cation and join in supporting this effort. fighting daily to create a country in which Tuesday, April 7, 1970 man's surroundings are not sacrified for his Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, last technological advance. year we ''lost" one of our ablest col­ At stake are the most precious ingredients NIXON'S MESSAGE ON SCHOOLS leagues. Fortunately we "lost" him only for sustaining life. Air you can not only breathe without in a relative sense, inasmuch as Presi­ choking but which refreshes and invigor· HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI dent Nixon tapped him for an extremely ates. OF n.LINOIS important job. I refer, of course, to Don Clean water to drink and swim in, and Rumsfeld, Director of the Office of Eco· natural water, the womb of the delicate bal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic Opportunity. ance of nature. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Those of us who had the opportunity Land that is not only the producer of our food and energy, but which restores the Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the to work with Don here on the Hill had, soul of man through its beauty and intri­ President's recent message on education and continue to have, the highest regard cate marvels. attracted predictable analysis and com­ for his abilities. But make no mistake-if the people leave mentary. One of the most thoughtful and He was particularly effective in the the job to government-and if they do noth­ penetrating editorials on the President's field of congressional reform. In ap­ ing but protect-it wm not be done. message was in the Chicago Today. Sat­ pointing him Director of OEO, the Pres­ It will take positive achievement and a urday, March 28, which I place into the ident called on him to undertake still commitment on the part of every Amer­ another reform project. The President ican. RECORD at this point: My deepest wish is that my native State NIXON'S MEssAGE ON ScHOOLS asked him to take over an agency that of Kansas lead the way in producing a new It would be hard to disagree with much of had in many respects become discredited generation with a new set of values. what President Nixon said in his message on by poor management, and in some cases A generation dedicated to caring for the education this week. His theme was the need was guilty of clearcut misuse of Federal Earth and all the people in it. I am con­ to achieve quality education for children of funds. Don set out to put OEO programs fident you will respond to this great chal­ all races within the integrated framework de­ on a soundly managed basis, and to re­ lenge of the hour. manded by law. Forced desegregation by bus­ store some credibility to its efforts. ing, in areas where housing patterns consti­ tute de facto segregation, is not necessary in _ Mr. Speaker, I feel that Don has come Mr. Nixon's view. a long way in achieving that goal. Today PRESIDENT NIXON'S MESSAGE ON The message spells out good aims. One dif­ I received a letter from him outlining a ficulty in analyzing lt, tho, ls the vagueness major effort in the reorganization proc· IDGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS of certain terms which may mean more or ess. The letter, together with the regu­ less than the listener takes them to mean. lations which it describes, are abundant J. Phrases like "local control," for instance, proof of the real progress that is being HON. WILLIAM SCHERLE have ta.ken on a secondary meaning; some­ made at OEO, and I would like to insert OF IOWA times they can be read as nice ways of say­ them in the RECORD at this point for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing segregation. Much depends on how the administration itself def.nes these terms and benefit of my colleagues. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 how literally it means to carry them out. I do not necessarily sleep better at Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, the far­ That is true particularly of Mr. Nixon's night knowing Don is directing the Of­ sighted message the President sent to the position on neighborhood schools and local fice of Economic Opportunity, but I do school boards. He said they should have the feel confident that my constituents are Congress this week for the comprehen. principal voice in forming compliance plans, sive reform of higher education programs going to get a better return on their tax so long as they a.ct within the Constitution. dollar because he is there. Also, those will be recognized as one of the outstand· If that means exactly what it says, we ing achievements of his administration. couldn't agree more. Yet school boards that who are supposed to be benefited by the Not only does this message set a course have done all they could to resist integra­ OEO programs are much more certain for the future role o~ the Federal Gov­ tion could agree, too, and to go right on re­ to receive meaningful assistance rather ernment in assisting our Nation's stu­ sisting it. than shallow promises. dents, but it also establishes a partner­ Much of what Mr. Nixon said on this point The material follows: ship between Government and the col­ needed to be said. For example: "Children in OFFICE OF ECONOMIC 0PPORTUNT!'Y, leges and universities which can benefit many instances have not been served, but Washington, D.C., April 6, 1970. used-in what all too often has proved a Hon. FRED ScHWENGEL, all the people of the country. The mes· tragically futile effort to achieve in the House of Representatives, sage calls for the establishment of a Na­ schools the kind of multiracial society which Washington, D.C. tional Foundation for Higher Education the adult society has failed to achieve for DEAR FRED: Since coming to the Office of which will have as its purpose the sup­ itself." Economic Opportunity early last summer, a port of excellence, innovation, and re­ This ls a recognition that racially separted great deal of my time and the time of my form in institutions of higher education. housing patterns are not the responsib111ty senior staff has been spent in the reorga­ In the area of student financial aid, of school systems, and that schools shouldn't nization of the Agency. This reorganization bear the burden of readjusting them along wa.s undertaken so that the Office of Eco­ the message proposes a realistic system with their immense job of educating chil­ nomic Opportunity could more adequately of Federal assistance to the poorest stu­ dren. It ts V:elcome, and so is Mr. Nixon's respond to its new mission. dents which will help make higher edu­ pledge that his administration will explore However, reorganization is not, of course, cation available to all who can gain from ways of encouraging other institutions be­ the sole answer to the running of a more it regardless of income. This provision sides schools to do their pa.rt. efficient and effective program. Many of the April i, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10677 policies and procedures in the Agency ception of certain routine refundings of op­ sel as to whether a potential conflict of in­ needed to be changed or more stringently erating grants. This means that, in contrast terest exists if a former employee is employed enforced and a number of new_ procedures to past practice, a grant or contract cannot as officer, director, or other senior manage­ needed to be instituted. Inadequate admin­ be approved without review at a high level. ment position by a contractor being con­ istrative control had led in many instances Insure that only designated Agency offi­ sidered for a contract award. to poor project management and at times cials shall commit or obligate the Govern­ b. Contract Reporting.-The following misuse of federal tax dollars. Over the years ment under a contract or grant. Violations shall be inserted in all Office of Economic criticism has been leveled against the Agency will constitute cause for disciplinary action. Opportunity solicitations of $2,500 or more: for mismanagement and I have found some Require that project managers prepare a "Offerors shall state as part of the pro­ of the criticism to be valid. written evaluation of a contractor's perform­ posal: Therefore, after appropriate study and re­ ance within 60 days of contract expiration. " ( 1) Whether or not it is now negotiating view I have issued new instructions intended These evaluations will be considered in the with a regular or special OEO employee for to tighten various administrative procedures awarding of future contracts. No such sys­ employment; and, if so, specify the name of the Office of Economic Opportunity. I have tem has operated in the past. of the individual(s) and the position(s) for been informed that the effect of these in­ All project requests for $2,500 or more will which considered: structions will be to assure one of the most be reviewed by the Office of the General "(2) Whether or not it now employs as a stringent grant and contract review pro­ Counsel. regular employee or consultant a former cedures in the Federal government. The new instructions apply to projects regular or special OEO employee whose em­ For your information, I have enclosed a approved by the Washington headquarters ployment with OEO terminated within the set of these instructions along with a sum­ office. New instructions will be issued to the past 365 days; and if so, specify the name of mary. If you have questions regarding thec;e Regional Offices and to Community Action the individuals(s) and the position(s) held: new procedures, Mrs. Carol .Khosrovi, As­ Agencies funded through the Regional Offices "(3) Specify the names of any present sociate Director for Congressional and Gov­ in the near future. OEO employees or their spouses or minor ernmental Relations, will be pleased to dis­ children known to have a substantial finan­ cuss the matter with you. REPORTING AND REVIEW PROCEDURES FOR PRE­ cial interest in the offeror's organization: A Sincerely, VENTING CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN CON­ financial interest shall be considered insub­ DONALD RUMSFELD, TRACTS AND GRANTS stantial if it a.mounts to less than $5,000 in Director. the market value and less than one (1) per 1. PURPOSE cent of the organization's outstanding stock NEW POLICY To BAN CONFLICTS OF INTEREST To establish reporting and review proce­ or other securities, and the OEO employee ANNOUNCED dures for preventing conflicts of interest in or spouse or minor child is not active in the Stringent new instructions aimed at pre­ contracts and grants. management of the organization. venting conflicts of interest and tightening 2. GENERAL "(4) If either (1) or (2) is answered in the the administration of contracts and grants Because many Agency employees develop affirmative, specify whether any such individ­ by the Office of Economic Opportunity were a unique expertise in the poverty field, they ual (s) shall participate in the performance announced today by Director Donald Rums­ are in demand for employment by organiza­ of any contract that may result from this feld. tions that contract with or receive grants solicitation and the extent of such participa­ In the past few months, the Agency has from the Office of Economic Opportunity. tion. conducted an office-by-office review of hun­ Even though a Federal law may not be vio­ Contractors are advised that the foregoing dreds of contracts and grants made in re­ lated by employment in such organizations, disclosure request is for informational pur­ cent years. The Agency-wide survey revealed it creates the possibility of, or at least the poses in order to protect former employees extensive deficiencies in the review and mon­ appearance of, misuse by such employees of against potential conflict of interest situa­ itoring of contracts and grants as well as a their influence with their former colleagues. tions. widespread lack of proper management. Based The fact that a contractor employs or con­ on this experience a new policy governing 3. CONTRACT AWARD LIMITATIONS templates employing a former OEO em­ the handling of grants and contracts has been For a period of one year from the date of ployee shall not prejudice that contractor's prepared. The conflict of interest instruction termination of employment with the Office competitive standing, provided that the em­ is one of a series of 11 instructions imple­ of Economic Opportunity, no contract shall ployment or proposed employment is not menting the new policy. be awarded without competition to any or­ contrary to the public interest and that the The purpose of the instructons is to as­ ganization which employs in the capacity of relationship is consistent with the Federal sure fair competition among prospective con­ officer, director, or other senior management law and OEO conflicts of interest regula­ tractors. The intent is not to exclude any position a former Office of Economic Oppor­ tions." contractor from competing for the oppor­ tunity regular employee or a s~ial employee The Director of the Procurement Division tunity to do business with the agency but to who served Office of Economic Opportunity shall instruct his negotiators and contract­ establish sound and consistent management for a total of more than 60 days during the ing officers to report to the General counsel practices and a thorough review based on full 365 days prior to the termination of his Office any affirmative responses to the above dis­ information before the award of contracts. of Economic Opportunity employment. A spe­ closure requests. The Agency seeks to avoid the occurrence of cial Government employee is an employee c. Grant Reporting.-Because the con­ any :factor that would give any firm an un­ appointed to serve not more than 130 days flicts of interest problem is not restricted fair advantage. during the 365 days following his appoint­ to the procurement field, but also is found The new conflict of interest instruction ment. Special Government employees are so in the employment of former regular and provides that for one year after an employee designated by the Personnel Division at the special employees of the Agency by grantees, leaves the Agency, no sole source contra.ct may time of their appointment. An exception to delegate agencies, and subcontractors to such be awarded to a firm that employs him in a this requirement may be granted only by the organi21a.tions, each grant application form senior position. An exception to this rule Director. No contract shall be a.warded as a shall include a form containing the follow­ may be granted only by the Director. In the result of a competitive procurement to a firm ing clause: case of competitive bids, no contract may be employing in any of the above capacities a "The Grantee, as part of its application awarded to a firm that employs in a senior former regular employee or a special em­ for a new grant or for a refunding, shall position a person who has left the Agency ployee of the Agency to whom the above re­ identify any former regular or special OEO within the previous year, without the ap­ striction applies without the prior written employee whose employment with OEO ter­ proval of the Deputy Director. approval of the Deputy Director. minated within 365 days prior to the date The instruction also: a. Reporting Information.-In order to of grant application, who ( 1) is employed by Provides for the maintenance of records maintain current information on former em­ the grantee, its delegate agency, or a sub­ of former personnel who have joined pros­ ployees employed by Agency contractors, the contractor who performs work for the grantee pective contractors or grantees. Personnel Division shall include in the Exit or delegate agency under a subcontractor Says a firm bidding for contracts will be Clearance Form (OEO Form No. 73) a re­ of $25,000 or more; or (2) who owns or has a asked to disclose whether it is seeking to hire quirement that the departing employee re­ financial interest in the grantee or its dele­ former Army staff people in senior positions veal the name of his next employer, if known, gate agency; or (3) who is in any other way and how much such an employee would par­ and his position with that employer. The Per­ involved with the grantee or its delegate ticipate in the contract; and whether any sonnel Division shall then submit this in­ agency in his private capacity. The grantee present Army employee or his family has a formation to the Procurement Division, shall specify as an attachment to its appli­ substantial financial interest in the firm. · · which will be responsible for establishing an cation the names of such individuals and Requires prospective grantees to identify index of firms employing former Agency em­ their position, degree of financial interest, any former OEO employee who has left the ployees. This index shall be expanded by or other relationship with the grantee or Agency within the year prior to the grant ap­ periodic inputs from other staff officers, such delegate agency. The grantee shall also iden­ plication, who has a financial interest in as the Office of General Counsel, as to the tify any present or former employee of the or is employed by the grantee, by its dele­ current employment status of former em­ Office of Economic Opportunity who is nego­ gate agency or by a subcontractor. ployees. tiating for employment with the grantee, Other new instructions: Contract negotiations shall check this in­ any delegate agency or subcontractor to any Establish project review boards to examine dex before entering into negotiations and such organization." proposed grants and ·contracts with the ex- shall secure the advice of the General Coun- Agency personnel receiving grant applica- 10678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 tions sb.a.J.l forward any information received (3) Office of Operations Indian operating information pertinent to making a decision as a result of this paragraph to the General grants funded under Section 221 and 222 of one the requirement. The initiator of the Counsel for consideration. the Act; and project request and, if necessary, his superior, WESLEY HJORNEVlX, (4) Office of Operations migrant operating shall appear personally before the Board. Deputy Director. grants funded under Title m B of the Act. (2) If a formal funding request or grant b. The Board's review of a procurement re­ proposal has been received, and it is not too PROJECT RE\TIEW BOARDS FOR PROPOSED quest or proposed grant action should in­ lengthy to be reproduced conveniently, a GRANTS AND CONTRACTS clude but not be necessarily limited to such copy should also be furnished to the Board 1, PURPOSE factors as: members. In the case of grant refundings. To establish a procedure for the detailed ( 1) Whether the requirement is part of the the complete grant files for previous grant review of procurement requests and proposed agency's operating plans, including the Re­ actions need not be furnished, however, headquarters grant actions by Office of Eco­ search and Demonstration Plan, the Training copies of previous highlight memos and sig­ and Technical Assistance Plan and Evalua­ nificant memos and other documents, in­ nomic Opportunity officials at an early stage tion Plan. in the review process. cluding evaluation reports, shall be fur­ (2) Whether the requirement should be nished. 2. GENERAL fulfilled by grant or by contract. (3) If the Board determines, it may re­ There sha.11 be established a Project Re­ (3) Whether the requirement can be met quest that additional information or sup­ view Board in each of the following head­ through less costly methods than awarding porting documents be presented at a later quarters offices: a contract or making a grant (i.e., can it meeting of the Board for further considera­ a. Office of Health Affairs. or should it be done in-house?) . tion. b. Office of Legal 8ervices. (4) Whether other Federal agencies or ( 4) Detailed minutes shall be kept of all c. Office of Operations. other Agency offices are contracting or mak­ meetings, including the recommendation of d. Office of Planning, Research, and Evalu- ing grants for the same or similar require­ the Board, and shall be signed and dated by ation. me:_ts. the permanent Chairman of the Boa.rd. The e. Office of Program Development. (5) Whether the requirement is capable minutes shall form a permanent part of the f. VISTA. of performance. project file. No other headquarters office shall initiate (6) If appropriate, whether the Justifica­ WESLEY HJORNEVIK, procurement requests or grant actions, ex­ tion for noncompetitive procurement is Deputy Director. cept for normal procurements of supplies adequate. and services for Agency administrative needs (7) Whether the Office of Economic Op­ portunity cost estimate for the effort is AUTHORITY TO COMMIT OEO UNDER CONTRACTS which are the responsibility of the Office of AND GRANTS Administration. However, the expertise of valid. staff offices shall be utilized by program of­ (8) What the prior history of the require­ 1. PURPOSE fices in procuring goods or services where ment has been. This Instruction establishes authority to staff office expertise ls relevant. (9) Whether, in pilot or demonstrat1on commit OEO under a grant or contract. projects, an adequate evaluation design 2. AUTHORITY 3. ORGANIZATION exists. a. The permanent Chairman of each Proj­ (10) Whether the statement of work ade­ Within the Office of Economic Opportu­ ect Review Board shall be the Deputy Assist­ quately defines the requirement. nity, the authority to execute, amend, revise ant or Deputy Associate Director of that Of­ (11) The past performance history of the or to otherwise commit or to obligate the fice, or such other appropriate person selected proposed grantee or contractor, if applicable. Government under a contract, grant or inter­ by the Assistant/ Associate Director of the (12) Whether adequate evaluation criteria agency agreem!t has been delegated by the Office and approved by the Deputy Director and point factors have been established. Director to sp ific individuals under written delegations of thority. of the Agency. 5, PROCEDURE b. Each Assistant/Associate Director shall The authority to commit the Gove1:i1ment name, in addition to the permanent Chair• a. Proposed contracts is the exclusive responsibility of those in­ man, a minimum of ten individuals in his Project requests shall be submitted to the dividuals. Any other employee who attempts Office who, based on seniority, experience and Project Review Board after sign-off by the to exercise such authority shall be subject Judgment, are authorized to sit on the Proj­ Activity Finance Officer, but prior to sub­ to disciplinary action. In addition, any such ect Review Board for that Office. Changes in mission to the Office of General Counsel and employee may be pecunia.rily liable to the the composition of the Project Review Board prior to submission to the Assistant/Associ­ contractor or grantee who relied upon the may only be made by the Assistant/ Associ­ ate Director of the program office for formal employee's unauthorized representation. ate Director. approval. WESLEY HJORNEVIK, c. In addition, each Board shall include two b. Proposed, r-ants Deputy Director. members from the Office of General Counsel (1) The project request shall be submit­ and two members from the Procurement Di­ ted to the Project Review Board at the time REVIEW OF PROCUREMENTS ( GRANTS AND CON- vision, of the Office of Administration chosen the project is being seriously considered for TRACTS) BY THE OFFICE 0:1' GENERAL by the General Counsel and the Chief of the funding. It is not possible to define this point COUNSEL Procurement Division, respectively. with certainty for all grants, but it should 1. PURPOSE d. The Office of Program Development shall occur after a prospective grantee, or group This instruction provides for review of include in its Board membership a senior of grantees, has been identified, and before procurement grants and contracts by General member of PRE and the Office of Planning, any steps have been taken by Agency per­ Counsel prior to final action. Research and Evaluation shall include in its sonnel which in any way commit the agency 2, PROCEDURES Board membership a senior member of OPD. to a particular grantee or work program. This may or may not be after a formal funding a. All project requests (grants and con­ e. For each project, or group of projects, to tracts) for $2,500 or more, whether new ini­ be reviewed, the permanent Chairman shall request or application has been received. Thus, the project request must be submit­ tiatives or refundings, shall be submitted schedule metings and call together those in­ for legal review to the appropriate branch of dividuals most competent to review the proj­ ted to the Board at an early enough stage so as not to preclude alternative prospective the Legal Division of the Office of General ect/projects under consideration. For such Counsel. Where Project Review Board ap­ meetings, a quorum shall consist of five mem­ grantees and work programs. proval is required, legal review shall take bers, which must include the Chairman and (2) Whenever possible, more than one proj­ place only after approval by a Project Re­ a member from the office of General Counsel. ect request of a particular category or type view Board. Whenever a procurement request as against should be submitted to the Board at the b. Office of General Counsel review will be a grant package is being reviewed, the Chair­ same time. prior to sign-off by the Assistant/Associate man should make every effort to include a (3) Proposed grants submitted to the Director of the responsible program offl.ce. The member from the Procurement Division. Board sha.11 contain full documentation Jus­ Director of the Procurement Division will 4. SCOPE tifying the method of selection of the pro­ not process any procurement requests for spective grantee. a. Each Project Review Board (Board) contracts that do not contain sign-offs by ( 4) Formal legal by the Office of General the Office of General Counsel and the As­ shall consider all projects including refund­ Counsel and form.al approval and sign-off ings, renewals, modifications and overruns sistant/Associate Director of the proper office. by the Assistant/ Associate Director of the No request for proposals (RFP) or other so­ with a projected cost of $50,000 or more. If initiating program office shall occur after ap­ an initial project request is for less than $50,• licitation shall be issued, and. no resUlting proval by the Project Review Board. However, contract shall be executed for $2,500 or more, 000 but w1ll ultimately involve more than 1nitia ting office personnel are encouraged to that amount, it must be approved by a without legal review by the Office of Gen­ consult with the Office of General Counsel at Project Review Board. However, refundings eral Counsel. of the following operating projects need not early stages in the development of a project. c. Likewise, the Assistant/Associate Di­ be reviewed by Project Review Boards: c. Other rector of each program office may not sign (1) Office of Legal Services operating grants (1) Agency personnel presenting the proj­ off on a procurement request or grant pack­ funded under Section 222 of the Act; ect request to the Board shall furnish to the age that does not contain a sign-off by Gen­ (2) Office of Health Affairs comprehensive Board members, at least two days in advance eral Counsel. health center operating grants funded under of the meeting, a copy of the proposed state­ WESLEY HJORNEVIX, Section 222 of the Act; ment of work or work program and all other Deputy Director. April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10679

EVALUATING CONTRACTOR PERFORMANCE of Economic Opportunity; and appointing, 5. CRITERIA FOR PROPOSAL REVIEW 1. PURPOSE where possible, individuals who are not un­ It is recognized that it may not be feasi­ This instruction assigns responsibilities der the direct employment supervision of the ble to establish uniform criteria for every and establishes procedures for evalua,ting the chairman. The chairman shall insure that procurement requirement. Consequently, it performance of contract.ors. his presence on the panel poses no actual or is the responsibility of each Assistant/Asso­ apparent conflict of interest with respect to ciate Direct.or t,o insure the development of 2. RESPONSmILITY any of the organizations submitting pro­ meaningful evaluation criteria so that each Office of Economic Opportunity Project posals; and he shall 'msure the same for proposal is evaluated on a fair and equal Managers shall be responsible for evaluating each panel member by inquiring personally basis. Attached t.o this instruction ls a docu­ contractor performance and preparing a of them, including whether such member is ment entitled "Suggested Evaluation statement Of contractor performance for the negotiating for employment with any organi­ Scheme" which each program office may wish Agency's permanent records at the expiration zation which has submitted a proposal. If an to consider in developing its criteria for re­ of a contract. actual or apparent conflict of interest exists, view of proposals. 3. PROCEDURES the chairman shall disqualify such person, A statement shall be prepared by the Proj­ be it himself or any proposed member, or 6. SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES ect Manager within 60 days following the refer the matter to the General Counsel be­ If a proposed contract over its projected expiration of a contract. It shall be approved fore any reviews are conducted by the in­ life, including oontemplatec! extensions, is by the Assistant/Associate Direcror of the dividual involved. estimated to exceed one million dollars, the program office and addressed to the Director 3. REVIEW OF PROPOSALS panel to review the proposal will be selected by the Deputy Director, and the report of of the Procurement Division, Office of Admin­ a. Requests for Proposals {REP) shall con­ istration. The Procurement Division will be the panel will be submitted t,o him for re­ tain the evaluation criteria upon which the view. responsible for maintaining a permanent file proposals will be evaluated. The criteria shall of such contractor evaluations. Such files not be later modified by the Agency without 7. EVALUATION REPORT shall be used by the Procurement Division in a formal modification to the RFP. If a point The evaluation report shall be signed by assembling bidders lists, and contractor eval­ factor is applied to the evaluation, it also the ch.airman and each panel member and uation files shall be made available, upon shall be contained iit the RFP. shall constitute a perm.anent reoord in the request, to the Chairman of technical review b. As a general rule, the panel will receive procurement file. The report should reflect panels when a particular contractor is a the voting of each member on each proposal; competitor for a new Agency contract. only the technical proposals. However, if re­ quested by the chairman, with good reasons a general response to each proposal by each Attached hereto ls a form of proposed con­ member; a detailed response t.o each pro­ tract.or evaluation statement. therefor, the contracting officer, may make the cost proposals available to the panel. posal by each member in support of the gen­ WESLEY liJORNEVIK, eral response; and a listing of the ranking Deputy Director. c. In reviewing the proposals, it is appro­ priate for the panel t.o conduct personal in­ of the technical proposals resulting from the CONTRAcrOR EVALUATION STATEMENT terviews with key personnel of the otferors combined voting of all the members based In evaluating a contractor, Project Man­ submitting acceptable proposals, provided upon the evaluation criteria contained in agers shall give consideration to, but not that a representative of the Procurement the RFP. The report should list all proposals be limited to, the following criteria: Division is present during such interviews. which are technically non-responsive, those 1. Performance under the contra.ct as com­ During such interviews, or at any time prior which are technically unacceptable, and pared with the statement of work, including to award of the contract, no otferor shall be those which are acceptable in the order of quantity, quality, and timeliness of work given information relative to the require­ rank. done; ment that is not also made available t.o all WESLEY HJORNEVIK, 2. Relationship of contractor's personnel other otferors. In no event, during this pe­ Deputy Director. to OEO and other parties involved in the riod, should any otferor be told the number MEMORANDUM performance of the contract. Did the con­ otferors, the identity of offerors, prices or Subject: Selection of Offerors for Negoti­ tractor's personnel conduct themselves in a ranges of costs or the Government's cost ation and Award {FPR 1-3.805-1, -2) professional and businesslike manner with estimate. All purchases and contracts, whether by high standards of conduct? Did they re­ d. The goal of the panel is t.o assist the formal advertising or by negotiation, must spond in a construct17e way to problems and contracting officer in determining those of­ be made on a competitive basis to the maxi­ difficulties as they arose? Was there stability ferors which have offered proposals that are mum practicable extent. Thus, even when we in the leadership and personnel assigned to technically responsive to the RFP and which procure by negotiation, it is incumbent upon the contract or were there numerous are acceptable to perform the technical as­ negotiators with the assistance of panel changes? pects of the procurement; and to give rank­ evaluation members to make selection of 3. Did the contractor report on progress in ing in order t.o preference, based upon the the offeror and the award on the most com­ a timely and thorough manner as called for criteria of those firms deemed acceptable. petitive basis practicable. The fact that it by the contract? 4,. COMPETITIVE RANGE is a negotiated procurement does not elimi­ 4. Did the contractor perform within the Based upon the recommendations of the nate the need for competition. cost structure of the contract? panel and other information available to Negotiation and competition imply a series 5. To what extent was the final product him, the contracting officer will determine of offers and counter-offers until a mutually of the contractor, including data and con­ those otferors which are within a competitive satisfactory agreement is concluded by the clusions, of utility to the agency? range for negotiations. Such determination parties. The provisions of FPR 1-3.805-1 and 6. How would the Project Manager rate the will consider price, technical and other fac­ -2 {see attachment) a.re a.n integral part contract.or's overall performance? tors. The attached document (Selection of of this process. The former provision requires Excellent; satisfactory; if less than satis­ Offerors for Negotiation and Award) presents for fixed price contracts, that "after receipt factory, explain why. a discussion of the meaning of competitive of initial proposals wr1 tten or oral discus­ Would he recommend that the contractor range for use by panel members. The panel sions shall be conducted with all responsible be used again? If not, why not? and the contracting officer should bear in offerors who submitted proposals within a mind that the requirement for negotiation competitive range, price and other fact.ors REVIEW OF TECHNYCAL PROPOSALS does not mean that a firm which ls consid­ considered ..." 1. PURPOSE ered t.o be in a competitive range and is ne­ 1. ". • . Within a competitive range, price gotiated with must be awarded the contract and other factors considered ..." To establish headquarters procedures for if it submits the lowest price or cost pro­ Determining which proposals fall within the effective review of proposals received in posal. a competitive range will depend upon the response t.o negotiated, competitive solici­ tations. Rather, after negotiations have taken particular circumstances of each negotia­ place, the Office of Economic Opportunity tion. Thus, any number of realistic evalua­ 2. REVIEW PANEL will accept the proposal that is most advan­ tion factors can be used to determine the Each Assistant/ Associate Director report­ tageous to the Government. Therefore, a pro­ bounds of this range. Price alone is often ing directly to the Director shall establish a posal lower in price or cost need not be controlling. But, it should be noted that review panel to review technical proposals accepted if the Office of Economic Oppor­ the competitive range is not necessarily received in response to negotiated, competi­ tunity determines that its technical require­ merely a price range, but may encompass tive solicitations. In the discretion of the ment is better fulfilled by an otferor which technical capability and other relevant fac­ Assistant/Associate Director, the review offers a higher price as long as its technical t.ors a.s well. (E.g., 45 Comp. Gen. 417) panel may be permanent or ad hoc. He shall proposal is considered to be more advan­ In all cases it is important that the factors d~signate a chairman of each panel who 1s tageous to the Government. Furthermore, leading to the establishment of a competi­ familiar with the requirement but not nec­ frequently the RFP provides that an award tive range be meaningfUl and realistic and essarily from the office initiating the pro­ may be made without negotiations. This may in no way arbitrary. Of course, decisions as curement. The chairman shall appoint the occur where the otferor's proposal ls lowest in to which firms are and which firms are not panel members, giving due consideration to price and is technically acceptable to OEO, within a competitive range is a matter of appointing some members from outside of and further provided that the contracting of­ administrative discretion. However, this dis­ the requiring office including whenever pos­ ficer has determined that the offeror's price cretion should be exercised ln a reasonable sible individuals from outside o! the Office is fair and reasonable. manner, since the Comptroller General will 10680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 reverse such a determination where it was when during the negotiations "a substan­ In responding to this question the pro­ shown to be made arbitrarily. (See Comp. tial change occurs in the Government's re­ posals should be compared to the work state­ Gen. dee. B-158042, March 30, 1966). quirement.s or a decision is reached to relax, ment for consistency of goals, objectives, Recent decisions of the Comptroller Gen­ increase, or otherwtse modify the scope of the purposes of compliance with OEO require­ eral illustrate the scope of the regulation. work or statement of requirements, such ments, as well as specific requirements of For example, in an award of certain ADP change or modification shall be made in writ­ the work statement. Does the proposal reflect equipment to the only contractor whose ing as an amendment to the request for pro­ understanding of the training requested? equipment performed well in a live bench posals, and a copy shall be furnished to each mark test, the Comptroller General pointed prospective contractor. Oral advice of change Scale out that even in such a case discussion should or modification may be given if (1) the 0-7 points-I rating: indicates that several have been conducted with other offerors changes involved are not complex in nature, requirements of the work statement are within the competitive range: "To give ef­ (2) all prospective contractors are notified missing or have been ignored. fect to the statutory and regulatory require­ simultaneously (preferably by a meeting 8-15 points-2 rating: indici.tes that all ment for discussions and for such discussions with the contracting officer), and (3) a rec­ the requirements of the work statement have to be meaningful, failure to pass a bench ord is made of the oral advice given. In such been included. mark test should not automatically preclude instances, however, the oral advice should be 16-20 points-3 rating: indicates that all the necessity for further discussions. When promptly followed by a written amendment the requirements of the work statement have the application of a mandatory bench mark verifying such oral advice previously given." been included and met with exceptional bal­ test requirement results, as in this case, in The Comptroller General decisions inter­ ance and creativity. leaving one proposer, and its price is, initi­ preting these requirements indicate that fed­ 2. What is the Quality of Staff and Con­ ally at least, substantially in excess of a eral buyers normally have a large degree of sultants? (200 points maximum) price of another proposer we believe the flexibility in complying with the discussion It is important to review carefully the spirit and intent of [the regulation] would requirement. It is important that discus­ resumes of staff and consultants, not only not be served without further discussion to sions be a meaningful attempt to get the best for academic qualifications, but for length determine whether the other proposal can deal for the Government. And they must be and variety of experience in similar tasks. be improved to meet the bench mark require­ fair to the proposers: "One further matter The resumes should clearly demonstrate ment." (Comp. Gen dee. B-161483, July 14, requires comment on our part, and that is relevant training and experience.1 1967) In one case, negotiation only with the that [one proposer] was permitted to refute 0-7 ·points-I rating: Indicates that staff firm submitting a proposal which was "dis­ or explain away the areas of deficiency in its is weak bOth academically and experien­ tinctly superior" to all other proposals was initial survey, but [another proposer] was tially. held not proper because the regulation re­ not given the same opportunity.... The 8-15 points-2 rating: indicates that staff quires discussions with all responsible offer­ contracting officer ... could have and should has academically superior qualifications ors submitting competitive proposals. (Comp. have con.ducted discussions with [the latter with little experiential training. Oen. dee. B-158686, September 2, 1966). In proposer], concurrently with [the '.former], 16-20 points--3 rating: indicates that another instance the Comptroller General concerning its non-responsibility, in an ef­ staff has both superior academic and ex­ noted that there was "ample justification in fort to obtain a second responsible offeror so periential qualifications. the record for concluding that, in the absence that competition could have been estab­ 3. What is the Quantity of the Staff Spe­ of negotiation [with a certain proposer], lished. (Comp. Gen. Dec. B-161448 pp. 10-11, cialists and Consultants? there was a la.ck of competition both as to Feb. 7, 1968). This question reflects a numerical pattern price and in technical aspects of [the award]. A recent decision of the Comptroller Gen­ as well as a staffing pattern. Is the staffing We find it difficult to understand how a cur­ eral has also emphasized the importance of pattern clear and does it include the amount rent contractor may have its technical pro­ a.mending the RFP where, during negotia­ of time each staff member will contribute to posal .•. categorized, not as unacceptable tions, a substantial change occurred in the the program? A:re there enough staff full but as inferior, ... without affording such government's requirements or decision is time to deliver the services requested.? A:re an offeror at least an opportunity of discus­ made to modify the scope of work. (See the consultants or specialists committed to sion and explanation especially when its cost Comp. Oen. dee. B-161405, October 2, 1967). enough time to effectively deliver the serv­ proposal represents significant savings to the The import of these and similar decisions ices? (15 points maximum) Government." (45 Comp. Gen. 426). on the conduct of negotiations by CEO is ob­ Perhaps the clearest statement of the fac­ vious. We must be especially careful to com­ Scale tors determinative of a competitive range ply with the discussion requirements of the 0-5 points-I rating: indicates limited was made by the Comptroller General when cited regulation. In every case, therefore, it quantity in both number of staff and time he stated that a proposal is within a competi­ is incumbent upon buyers to make a prompt devoted to training. tive range unless it is either so high in cost determination after the receipt of all propo­ 6-10 points-2 rating: indicates sufficient or so inferior technically "as to preclude any sals as to who are responsible proposers and quantity in both number of staff and time possibility of meaningful negotiation with what is the competitive range. Meaningful devoted to training and adequate consultant [the] offeror." (emphasis added) (45 Comp. discussions should subsequently take place use. Gen. 417, 47 Comp. Gen. 252). with those proposers that the determination 11-15 points-3 ratting: indicates more 2. "Written or Oral Discussions shall be indicates fall within the scope of the require­ than sufficient quantity in both number of conducted with all responsible offerors ..." ment. staff and time and number of consultant Generally, the methods of conducting ne­ Where discussions are not held the docu­ time. gotiations are quite flexible. The primary pur­ ments in the files should accurately reflect Should information necessary to a. re­ pose is to obtain the best deal for the Gov­ the reasons for this omission. For example, sponsible determination of this question re­ ernment, price and other factors considered. one of the enumerated exceptions in the reg­ quire information contained in the pricing Where discussions are held pursuant to the ulation may fairly be applicable to the sit­ section, contact the contracting officer for quoted. regulation, it is important that they uation. (See attachment, 1-3.805-l(a) (1) to release of such information. be meaningful and useful. As a rule, these (5)). Or, It might be established that there 4. Administration Provided by Contractor? discussions should take place face-to-face was no other responsible bidder, (but note and the factors upon which the evaluation of (15 points maximum) Comp. Oen. decision above which required This question essentially addresses itself to the proposal is being made should be specif­ discussions attempting to obtain a second ically discussed, with opportunity for the the contractor's performance and manage­ responsible offeror) or that no responsible ment capacities. The important questions to proposer to explain his proposal and to refute bidder was within the competitive range. In any alleged deficiencies. be asked deal with contractor's ability to all instances, however, these factors and carry out the program. If he is a past con­ There are two restrictions on this process, findings should be carefully documented. however, which are quite important. FPR tractor, his past work should be examined to The discussion requirement of FPR 1- focus on whether he in fa.ct carried out the 1-3.805-1 (b) provides that "whenever nego­ 3.805-1 is not strictly applicable to negotia­ tiations are conducted with more than one proposed activities, whether he reported tions in cost reimbursement type contracts. clearly and timely, whether he dealt with offeror, no indication shall be given to any We believe, however, that the intent of the offeror of a price which must be met to obtain training funds competently. Further, some discussion requirement should be carried out review should be made of any existing con­ further consideration since such practice in such negotiations also to the maximum sultant reports, site visits and evaluations constitutes an option technique which must extent practicable. The fundamental dif- be avoided. Likewise, no offeror shall be ad­ which may have been made. Prior problems ference will be that price alone is not de­ vised of his relative standing with other of­ in administration, community relations or terminative in establishing a competitive manpower utilization, or other areas should ferors as to price or be furnished information range, since an award of a cost reimburse­ as to the prices offered by other offerors". have been resolved and new approaches to ment type contract is primarily dependent these problems reflected in the proposal. Where the discussions result in revisions in upon the technical competence of the con­ a particular proposal, "all offerors selected to tractor. The key here is which contractor can 1 You are to evaluate proposals on the participate in such negotiations . . . shall be most adequately fulfill OEO's needs. offered an equitable opportunity to submit basis of what is requested in a RFP. If one such price, technical, or other revisions in SUGGESTED EVALUATION SCHEME offeror furnishes information not requested their proposals as may result from the nego­ 1. Does the Proposal Respond to and Meet by the RFP, contact the contracting officer tiations." the Requirements of the Work Statement? who will request similar information of the Finally, FPR 1-3.805-l(d) provides that (20 points maximum) other offerors. April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10681 Further consideration needs to be given to the importance of the evaluator at least giv­ mit competitive proposals because it is not the contractor's ability to maintain and at­ ing an over-all rating to the proposal and feasible to define the work desired without tract staff for the development of a stable contract is of valuable importance. divulging technical data which is contained professional group. What evidence is there 0-3 points-1 rating: it Just won't work. in the unsolicited proposal and which is sub­ that he can deliver required services on time? 4-7 points-2 rating: fair to average. ject to proprietary restriction. Will the contractor be able and willing to 8-10 points-3 rating: "it all hangs to­ (2) The supplies or services or substanti­ develop harmonious smooth relationships gether and feels good." ally equivalent supplies or services can be ob­ with OEO and SEOO staff, where necessary, tained within the time required and for and to consult and work with various groups? COMPETITIVE PROCUREMENTS reasonable prices from only one person or Another aspect of administration which 1. PURPOSE firm because of exclusive or predominate should be considered if appropriate under capability by reason of experience, special­ the RFP, is the willingness of the contractor This instruction establishes the Office of ized facilities or technical competence. In as shown in the proposal to employ and de­ Economic Opportunity's policy for competi­ this case it is not sufficient justification velop non-professionals and minority group tive procurement of supplies and services. merely to show that a particular firm may members. Is evidence presented that such 2. BACKGROUND do a better job, or is more capable because persons are being employed and upgraded as Government policy and procurement reg­ of certain named personnel, or is more ex­ a regular part of the contractor's operation? ulations require that all procurements be on perienced due to its prior association with Scale a competitive basis to the maximum extent OEO, or is able to deliver more expeditiously. practicable. This is based upon established As to delivery, it should be a rare occasion 0-5 points-1 rating: indicates limited ca­ that the time of delivery is so urgent that it pacity and/ or limited experience in carrying experience that (1) competition is an ef­ fective technique in obtaining lower prices; justifies a noncompetitive procurement on out the administration of the contract. the basis that only one firm can deliver with­ 6-10 points-2 rating: indicates prior good (2) competition stimulates and maintains the private sector's interest in OEO programs in the time required. performance or an indication that good per­ b. Method of Approval of Noncompetitive formance would be received. and does not eliminate otherwise qualified sources of supply; (3) competition affords Procurement.-It is important to observe 11-15 points-3 rating: indicates prior ex­ that the circumstances set forth above are cellent performance or that excellent per­ OEO a broad base upon which it can appraise more than one solution or approach to a only possible reaf?ons for noncompetitive formance would be received. procurement. The factual existence of any 5. What is the Contractor's Knowledge of problem and, thus, arrive at the most fa­ vorable manner for a fair and equal oppor­ of the foregoing situations will not auto­ and Experience With OEO and the Subject matically give rise to the approval of a non­ Matter Being Procured? 2 (10 points maxi­ tunity to satisfy Agency requirements. Only through the most meticulous planning can competitive procurement. The Chief of the mum.) Procurement Division, as Contracting Officer, Consideration should be given to the un• there be achieved satisfactory compliance with the requirement for competitive pro­ and his duly designated contracting officers derstanding of OEO concepts in relation to a.re vested with the authority to determine the requirement being procured. curement. However, due to the sometimes unique and difficult to define nature of the whether or not a particular procurement This question really asks whether the ap­ should be competed. A Procurement Request plicant and his staff are "beginners" or "vet­ supplies and services that the Office of Eco­ nomic Opportunity procures, at times it is for a noncompetitive procurement shall be erans" in the area of the requirement and submitted with an attachment signed by whether the proposed activity actually falls necessary to consider exception to the re­ quirements for competition. the initiator's supervisor, to the Project Re­ within their area of expertise. view Board setting forth a complete Justifica­ Scale 3. PERIOD OF CONTRACT tion for such a. request citing this Instruc­ 0-3 points-1 rating: indicates no prior The Agency has authority to enter into tion and its relevant part along with a state­ knowledge of or experience with OEO by the contracts for periods up to two years using ment as to the possibility whether the ef­ majority of the contractor's staff or by the a particular :fiscal year's appropriation. It fort, if awarded, will be extended in subse­ company. also is possible to enter into contracts for quent years. The Justification shall include 4-7 points-2 rating: indicates prior knowl­ a basic term of up to two years with an op­ information substantially in accordance with edge of and some limited experience with tion to extend the contract. No contract, the attached form. It shall be the responsi­ OEO and subject matter being procured. however, shall run with extensions for more bility of the Project Review Board to exam­ 8-10 points-3 rating: indicates prior than three years without being completed. ine the factual basis for a noncompetitive knowledge of and vast experience in OEO Only the Deputy Director may grant excep­ procurement and to set forth as part of its and subject matter being procured. tions to this policy. recommendations to the program office chief 6. What is the Contractor's Knowledge of Before contracts are entered into for a whether or not the effort should be com­ and Experience With Population and Geo­ basic term of more than one year, or for one peted. After the last program official has ap­ graphical Area Being Serviced? a (10 points year with options to extend, the Project Re­ proved a Procurement Request calling for a maximum). view Board or other reviewing authority noncompetitive procurement and before This question addresses itself to the when Board review is not required, shall de­ transmission to the Procurement Division, knowledge and experience the contractor and termine that such a procurement will best such a request shall be submitted to the Gen­ his staff have with poverty workers, para­ serve the interests of the Agency. The Proj­ eral Counsel for review as to legal sufficiency. professionals and resident low-income work­ ect Review Board, or other reviewing author­ Noncompetitive procurements in the esti­ ers as well as knowledge and experience with ity, shall determine that an adequate evalu­ mated amount of $250,000 or more will be the geographical area to be served. Do they ation of the contractor's effort will be insti­ approved by the Deputy Director. know the people and the communities? Have tuted so that an option will not be exercised 5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROGRAMS AND they worked in comparable circumstances or that the contract will not proceed beyond CONTRACTING PERSONNEL and situations with like poeple? If so, how a reasonable, fixed period, without a detailed a. It is imperative that no action be taken did they do? If not, how might they do from review of the contractor's performance in by Office of Economic Opportunity personnel information indicated in the proposal? order to establish that continued perform­ that may affect the integrity of the competi­ Scale ance or the exercise of the option is proper. tive procurement process. Office of Economic Moreover, before an option is exercised the 0-3 points-1 rating: no prior experience Opportunity personnel shall not deal with contracting officer must establish from his­ contractors in a manner that presumes a with the population or in the geographical torical pricing or other cost information that area. noncompetitive situation without first ob­ the contract price is the lowest that is ob­ taining the approvals outlined above. 4-7 points-2 rating: some experience wlth tainable and that due to the experience the popualtion and the geographical area. b. Further, they shall not divulge to a gained by the contractor in the previous pe­ particular contractor information that may 8-10 points-3 rating: considerable ex­ riod of performance, the Agency will not real­ perience with the population and the geo­ give that contract an unfair competitive ize full cost and performance benefit from advantage. graphical area. the contractor's initial experience unless an­ 7. How does the Over-All Design of the c. The following information, if given out other period of performance with the same at all, must be given to all potential offerors: Proposal "Shape-up"? (10 points maximum). contractor is permitted. This is essentially a. broad "feeling-type" (1) The Office of Economic Opportunity question. What is your "gut" feeling about 4. PROCEDURE cost estimate of the work to be per-formed; the whole proposal? Does it sound and read a. Circumstances That !t!ay Permit Non­ (2) Prior Office of Economic Opportunity as though it will accomplish the task for competitive Procurement.-exceptions to the cost or technical experience on the same or which intended? Althought specific criteria competition requirements may be submitted similar work; for the answer to this question are not given, for consideration to the Office of Economic (3) Key proposal evaluation factors; Opportunity Contracting Officer under the (4) Any other information not made a " This factor should be used only where following types of circumstances: part of the official solicitation which places prior OEO experience ls considered essential (1) A prospective contractor has submitted an offeror in a preferred position of knowing to satisfactory performance. an unsolicited proposal in a relatively unex­ what the Office of Economic Opportunity is a Use only 1:f appropriate to consideration plored area which cannot be divulged to the seeking in a. cost or technical proposal. ofRPP. contracting public 1n sufficient detail to per- d. In short, all Governmental personnel 10682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 engaged in the procurement process shall sponsibilitles of Project Review Boards to vent circumvention of personnel ceilings and conduct business dealings with contractors determine the appropriateness of the form of budget limitations on administrative ex­ in a manner above reproach in every respect. transaction being recommended, be it con­ penses, a-nd avoid the risks inherent in tract or grant. In determining whether a con­ delegating the discretion and authority 6. BIDDERS LIST tract or grant should be used as the financing placed in Government agencies to persons In order to insure the broadest feasible mechanism to fund a particular activity of not directly responsible to the Government. competitive base, solicitations shall be sent the Agency, the following criteria are to be In addition, executive agencies cannot con­ to the maximum number of qualified sources considered. If circumstances arise where the tract out certain basic management func­ consistent with the nature of and the re­ application of these criteria ls not clear or tions that are necessary to retain control of quirement for the supplies and services being where special factors suggest a choice other the conduct and content of Federa..! pro­ procured. Office of Economic Opportunity than that called for in the criteria, the de­ grams. These functions include the selec­ personnel shall not use bidders lists in a cision as to whether a grant or contract shall tion, orientation and direction of Govern­ manner that restricts potential sources of be used will be made by the General Counsel. ment employees, assignment of organiza­ supply, nor shall Office of Economic Oppor­ a. Use of grants.-When a proposed activity tional responsibilities, and final decisions on tunity personnel make advance determina­ has one or more of the following character­ the planning of programs, establishment of tions as to an offeror's capability by limiting istics, it normally will be financed by a grant: goals and priorities, and ev.aluatlon of the the distribution of solicitations only to se­ ( 1) The principal intent is to allow consid­ performance of Federal employees, con­ lected sources. erable discretion and initiative within the tractors and grantees. 7. REMEDIAL EFFORTS framework of OEO policy by the non-federal 4. POLICY agency that wlll perform the activity. It is the responsibility of program officials The Office of Economic Opportunity must to state program requirements in a manner (2) The non-federal agency that is to carry out the activity is a state or local govern­ strictly observe the above prohibition against that encourages competition on the broadest obtaining personal services through sup­ possible base. If a noncompetitive procure­ ment or agency thereof, or a private non­ profit organization that has a quasi-govern­ port contracts. This rule does not prevent ment is permitted for a particular effort, the the Office of Economic Opportunity from responsible program officials shall, in con­ mental character. (3) The activity has a continuing aspect properly contracting for a variety of profes­ junction with the Procurement Division, take sional and technical services in support of immediate steps to state future program re­ rather than being a one-time effort and if successful is likely to be continued for an the Agency's programs that require the use quirements in a manner that will permit of non-Government personne!. Contracts competition. A renewal of a noncompetitive additional period of time. (4) A non-federal matching contribution should not, however, be made by the Office of contract will be allowed only in the rarest Economic Opportunity when such a degree of circumstances. is required by la-.7. b. Use of contracts.-When the proposed control and supervision over the contractor's WESLEY HJORNEVIK, employees is desired that the contract would Deputy Director. activity has one or more of the following characteristics, it normally wlll be financed create what is tantamount to an employer­ by contract: employee relationship between the Govern­ JUSTIFICATION FOR NONCOMPETITIVE ment and contractor personnel or when con­ PROCUREMENT ( 1) The mattt.r is clearly classifiable as procurement for the Office of Economic Op­ tractor personnel are desired for the per­ (This form must be submitted to the Proj­ portunity needs. Usually there will be de­ formance of non-delegable Federal func­ ect Review Board for Justification of non­ tailed requirements defining what the Office tions. competitive procurement.) of Economic Opportunity ls procuring. 5. PROCEDURE 1. Fully express the circumstances which (2) The principal intent ls to preserve a The Legal Division, Administrative Affairs operate to make competitive negotiation im­ dominant initiative for the Office of Eco­ Branch of the Office of General Counsel shall practical or not feasible; nomic Opportunity in deciding on the scope be consulted whenever during the proposal,' 2. Explain the exclusive or predominant and nature of the work. drafting, negotiation, administration or per­ capability the proposed contractor possesses (3) The activity is to be carried out by a forma.nce of a contract any possibility ap­ which meet the requirements of the procure­ private, profit-making organization. (This pears that, because of the existence of any of ment; and does not preclude the use of contracts when the elements enumerated in the following 3. Show the degree of consideration that the activity wlll be performed by a private section, such contram; might violate this has been given to other sources in the field non-profit agency). prohibition. Before any Office of Economic and the reasons why they lack the capability Opportunity Headquarters contract for sup­ which the proposed contractor evidences. (4) The intent is to obtain competitive bids or proposals for the work to be per­ port services is awarded, a written determi­ a. What capability does the proposed con­ nation s:hall be made by the Contracting tractor have which is important to the spe­ formed. (5) Because of the nature of the work, the Officer, after consultation with the program cific effort and which makes it clearly more office requesting the contract, the Office of desirable than another firm in the same gen­ agreed performance depends upon certain mutual promises to be made by the Office General Counsel, Legal Division, Adminis­ eral field? trative Affairs Bra.nch, and the Office of Ad­ b. What prior experience of a highly spe­ of Economic Opportunity and the agency performing the work. ministration, Director of the Personnel Divi­ cialized nature does the contractor possess sion, that it does not violaite the rule against which is vital to the proposed effort? 3. SPECIFIC APPLICATION support contracts for personal services. For c. Does the contractor have a substantial Notwithstanding ~he criteria set forth procurements delegated to the Regional investment of some kind which would have above for grants and contracts, all require­ Offices, the Regional Contracting Officer shall to be duplicated at Government expense by ments for training, technical &.ssistance, and consult with the Regional Program Admin­ another source entering the field? evaluation shall be funded by contract. Any istrator, Oounsel, and Personnel Officer be­ d. If schedules are involved, why are they exceptions must be approved by the Deputy fore making such a determination. critical and why can the proposed contractor Director. 6, INDICIA OF PROlllBITED SUPPORT CONTRACTS best meet them? WESLEY HJORNEVIK, e. Is the effort a continuation of previous Deputy Director. a. Direct Government Control ana Super­ effort performed by the proposed contractor? vision.-This is the classic test of an em­ ployer-employee relationship. It is indicated f. Does the proposed contractor have per­ PROHIBITED SUPPORT CONTRACTS FOR sonnel considered predominant experts in the PERSONAL SERVICES where: particular field? ( 1) Approval is exercisea by Government g. Is competition considered precluded be­ 1, PURPOSE personnel over the individuals to be fur­ cause of the existence of patent rights, copy­ This Instruction sets forth Office of Eco­ nishea by the contractor.--Office of Eco­ rights or secret processes or proprietary data? nomic Opportunity policy and procedures nomic Opportunity cannot specify, suggest, related to procurement of support services or approve in advance the persons to be utilizing non-Government personnel. hired by a contractor, but may in rare cases, USE OF CONTRACTS AND GRANTS 2, REFERENCES where the posirtion involved is crucial to the l, PURPOSE a. Federal Personnel Manua..! Letters No. success of the entire program, retain power It is the purpose of this instruction to set to disaipprove a olearly unqualified person. 800-3 (December 12, 1967) and No. 300-12 This llm.ited approval power should not be forth criteria which should be of assistance (August 20, 1968). in determining whether to use a grant or a b. Bureau of the Budget Circular No. A-76, used as a disguised methOd of seleoting the contract to carry out a particular activity personnel desired to implement a contract. of the Agency. sec. 4(b) (August 30, 1967). Nor should Office of Economic Opportunity 2. POLICY 3. BACKGROUND retain the right to require dismissal of in­ It is essential that there exist a consistent The Civil Service Commission and the dividual contractor employees, except in rare and rational use of grants and contracts. General Accounting Office require Federal cases for flagrant misconduct endangering Those responsible for choosing between grant agencies to perform their functions by us­ the success of a..n entire progrrum. If per­ and contract methods are obligated to exer­ ing Government employees rather than by formance is uns-a.tis1a.ctory because of un­ cise the choice responsibility; and not for the utilizing support contracts to obtain the qualified or deficient personnel, the contrac­ purpose of evading Federal procurement personal services of non-Government per­ tor· may be warned and if the situation is rules, personal services prohibitions, or simi­ sonnel. This rule is designed to protect the not remedied the contract may be terminated lar legal requirements. It is one of the re- integrity of the Civil Service System, pre- for default. This prohibition 1s particularly April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10683 important in case of evaluation contracts, Economic Opportunity assigned the responsi­ 2 . PROCEDURES where the value of the ·contractor's effort is bility and delegated the authority for the The preparation of a specific, clear state­ in large measure related to the independence centralized management of a particular head­ ment of the work desired to be carried out of his selection of evaluators. quarters project of the Agency. by an OEO contractor is the responsibility (2) A Government supervisor assigns tasks 3. OBJECTXVE of the program office submitting a Procure­ and schedules to contractor employees from ment Request. The statement of work should t i me to time during the performance of the The purpose of this directive is to strength­ en the effectiveness of headquarters project be submitted as an attachment to a Pro­ contract.-The Contract "Statement of curement Request (PR) in a form that can Work" should be drafted in sufficient detail management so that Office of Economic Op­ portunity can plan, direct and control proj­ be inserted without change in a Request for so that the contract will be self-operating Proposals (RFP), and with only minor to the maximum extent feasible, thus avoid­ ects in order to insure that they possess the performance capabilities required by ap­ changes in a final contract resulting from ing the need for continual supervision by that RFP. Information that need not be given Office of Economic Opportunity personnel. proved program plans and within the re­ sources allocated to specific projects. to firms submitting proposals on the con­ Additional or changed tasks, when necessary, tract, but which must be communicated to should be assigned to the contractor in gen­ 4. POLICY APPLICATION the Project Review Board, such as the jus­ eral terms by the Office of Economic Oppor­ a. Selection of the Project Manager­ tification for the proposed procurement or tunity Contracting Officer. Assignments of (!) A Project Manager should have suffi­ the level at which it is to be funded, past specific jobs and schedules among its em­ cient grade and organizational stature within history of contracts of this type, reasons for ployees should always be made by the the Agency to effectively carry out his respon­ requesting noncompetitive procurement, if contractor. sibilities in dealing with contractor or gran­ appropriate, should not be included in this (3) The Government reviews the perform­ tee personnel operationally responsible for statement of work, but should be submitted ance of individual contractor employees.­ as a separate attachment to the PR. A state­ The Office of Economic Opportunity should the project. The grade should be commen­ surate with the magnitude of the task. ment of work for an RFP will normally con­ evaluate interim or final performance by the tain the following elements: contractor on an overall basis. (2) It is mandatory that a Project Man­ ager have a high degree of technical, profes­ a.. Background.-This portion of the state­ b. Performance by Contractor Employees ment of work is designed to set forth briefly of "Federal Functions."-This is indicated sional, business and managerial competence, supplemented whenever possible by recent for the information of offerors the magnitude when: and objectives of the OEO program for which (1) The work involves the exercise of per­ experience and training in the special re­ sonal judgment and discretion on behalf of quirements of project management. the procurement is desired, the gener:i.l pur­ the Government.--Contractor employees (3) A Project Manager shall be carefully poses of the proposed contract, and oth6r should not sign official documents which selected on the basis of his general intelli­ information that may give firinS an insight normally require the signature of a Govern­ gence, judgment and proven willingness to into the program area in which they will be ment officer or render decision on whether or make decisions. He should become the visible submitting proposals. In many cases the not a project should be funded, continued, center of project authority and information, purposes of this section can be served by or terminated. Final responsibility for all with his career affected by his performance. attaching to the RFP OEO guidelines, in­ management decisions must clearly rest with b. Role and Authority of the Project structions, or brochures explaining the meth­ Office of Economic Opportunity officials. Manager- ods and purposes of the program and the (2) Contractor employees perform tasks A Project Manager shall be responsible for regulations under which it operates. Such normally performed by Government em­ the successful accomplishment of his project. materials also can be identified in the RFP ployees .-If Contractor personnel are desired He shall exercise executive authority over the but made available to offerors at designated for the performance of tasks that the Office planning, direction, and control of the places. of Economic Opportunity also uses its own approved project. Specifically a. project b. Detailed Requirements.-This section employees to perform, it is likely that the manager shall: should usually begin as follows: shall proposed contract is for illegal staff supple­ ( 1) Be able to develop in a professional "The Contractor provide the neces­ mentation. If Contractor personnel are de­ way project statements of work, procure­ sary qualified personnel, facilities, materials, sired for the performance of tasks carried out ment requests, non-competitive procurement and services (including travel and per diem) by Government employees in other Federal justifications, when necessary, proposal required to furnish ------(name of agencies, the proposed contract is also sus­ evaluation schemes, proper cost estimates product or services desired)." pect. When such tasks are to be carried out and suggested source lists. For proposed The product or services to be provided on a long-term basis, the likelihood that Con­ grants the Project Manager shall be able to should be stated in sufficient detail that if tractor personnel would be utilized illegally develop clear statements of purpose, per­ the contractor deviates from what he prom­ increases. formance standards and timetables and an ises to deliver, OEO can hold the contractor c. Other Key Indicia- effective monitoring schedule. accountable to exactly what the agency con­ tracted for. Some of the specific items that ( 1) The Contractor p,rovides no end prod­ (2) Present proposed projects to Project should be set forth in the contract are the uct to OEO.-When all that is desired from a Review Boa.rd. Contractor is the furnishing of a certain following: (3) Be able to forecast program difficulties (1) The exact number and locations of number of man-days of Contractor employee with sufficient time to develop alternate services to Office of Economic Opportunity, sites where work is to be performed. solutions. (2) The exact number of items to be de­ the proposed contract should be closely (4) Project dollar needs in advance so as livered, or man-days of services to be de­ scrutinized to see if it violates, the personal to respond to annual budget cycles, if livered, for each separate task. Man-days services prohibition. A fixed level of effort in appropriate. should reflect the total requirement to ac­ terms of ma.n-da.ys, however, may and should (5) Avoid overruns by constant attention complish the desired result, and not avail­ often be provided for in a contract as a to economy. minimum standard of performance when a able dollars. (6) Insure attention to reliability and (3) The exact number and dates of re­ genuine end product is being furnished by a quality during performance. ports that a.re to be submitted by the con­ Contractor. (7) Report on the progress of his project tractor. It is important to note that re­ (2) Contractor employees work on Gov­ in accordance with contract or grant terms. ports should not be requested more fre­ ernment sites 01· in Government offices with (8) Identify explicit progress milestones quently than is absolutely necessary. Government-furnished property.-The Office (4) Whether travel and per diem for con­ of Economic Opportunity should not provide together with an appropriate information system in order to maintain project control. tractor employees is to be included in the office space, secretarial assistance, or office contract price. When this amount can be equipment to a Contractor employee. Such (9) Prepare, in the case of contracts, a contractor performance evaluation statement estimated as a known factor by the program an employee is more likely to come under the office, and will be a. very substantial portion control and supervision of Office of Economic at the termination of a. contract. (10) Provide leadership and direction to of the contra.ct a.mount, it should be made Opportunity personnel, and may be asked to known to offerors in the RFP and cost pro­ or may appear to perform Federal functions. those junior staff members assigned to the Project Manager as a.ides in the management posals should be judged solely on other vari­ WESLEY I!JORNEVIK, able factors. Deputy Director. of particular projects. The project manager ( 5) If site training, technical assistance, shall be responsible for the manner in which evaluation, or other visits are required, the PROJECT MANAGEMENT aides carry out their duties on a. given project number, frequency, and length of such and shall be responsible for their growth and 1. PURPOSE visits. development as potential project managers. (6) If surveys or field testing is required, The purpose of this Instruction is to set WESLEY HJO&NEVIK, forth Office of Economic Opportunity policy the number of sites at which surveys or governing the use and application of Project Deputy Director. field tests shall take place, the length of Management as it applies to both contracts each survey or test, and the number of per­ sons to be surveyed or tested at each site. and grants within the headquarters office of PREPARING CoNTRACT STATEMENTS OF WORK the Office of Economic Opportunity. ( 7) If training is required, the number of 1. PURPOSE training sessions, their location, length, 2. DEFINITXONS This Instruction establishes responsibili­ number of participants, e.nd whether the Project Manager.-A project manager ls a ties and prescribes procedures !or preparing contractor shall provide travel and per diem designated individual within the Office of contract statements of work. for participants. 10684 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 (8) I! materials are to be developed, the He was killed in action on March 31 near First, we must drive home to all mankind exact type and number of such materials, his home base of Cam Ranh Bay, the Penta­ the fact that the peacemaking machinery of the dates for submission of each, whether gon said. the world is archaic and inadequate for to­ draft copies must be submitted to OEO for CATONSVILLE HIGH GRADUATE day's world and requires a fundamental approval, the target group for such mate­ change in the way order is maintained. We rials, and whether the con tractor will be re­ Specialist Burrier was a graduate of the must spell out plans and programs to supply quired to print and distribute the materials Catonsville Senior High School. For two years the fundamental change which is required or whether he need only submit prototype he had also attended the University of Mary­ by strengthening law into a peace frame­ copies for OEO's own printing and distribu­ land, where he majored in political science on work capable of creating a peaceful world tion. the Catonsville campus. order with justice and security. The above list is, of course, only illustra­ He enlisted in the Army in July, 1968, and Se<:ond, we must rededicate ourselves to tive of the many specific items that may be left Baltimore for Vietnam in late August, our common cause and commitment to peace necessary in a particular RFP. 1969. by continuing to perfect our worldwide co­ c. Schedule of Performance.-A detailed Although he wrote often from Vietnam, he operative organization and the World Peace chronology of target dates for completion of was "quiet about the war," his relatives said. Through Law Center. A million-strong law­ performance of sub-tasks under the contract LIFE SCOUT yer-judge peace army can be a mighty force. should be provided in the Statement of Work. He was a life scout in the Troop 307 in Third, we must use computers and other Such dates may be firm or estimated, depend­ Ca.tonsville, where he was also a member of electronic marvels to their full potential to ing on the circumstances. If justifiable delays Salem Lutheran Church. speed up the processes of lawmaking trans­ are encountered, the target dates may be His other hobbies included chess and nationally. changed only by contract modification. Mile­ rifle-shooting. Fourth, we must bring the power and pres­ stones are absolutely necessary in work state­ He is survived by his pa.rents, Mr. and Mrs. tige of lawyers and judges more directly to ments, and are vital to maintaining project Paul S. Burrier and a sister, Mrs. Susan bear in a massive effort to involve the public control once a contract has been let. Causey, all of Catonsville. in-and mobilize public opinion behind­ d. Level of Professional Efforts.-This serves plans and programs to strengthen peace two different functions, on in an RFP and through law. Our special talents and train­ another in a signed contract: ing, which give lawyers a unique ability to (1) Because it is often difficult to ac­ create understanding among peoples to re­ curately specify in a more tangible way the TEN WAYS LAWYERS CAN HELP place disagreement, are not yet fully utilized magnitude of services to be performed, most THE CAUSE OF PEACE in this great endeavor. RFPs should contain an estimate of the levels Fifth, we must constantly urge upon the of professional effort required to perform the United Nations, regional organizations and tasks stated therein. This estimate will HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE national governments every treaty, every in­ greatly assist firms in submitting accurate OF MISSOURI stitution, every idea, plan or program which cost proposals and the level of qualification will add to the law and the law framework ot of the staff necessary to perform the task. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the world. This concentrated effort can and (2) By putting into a fixed price contract Tuesday, April 7, 1970 will in time bring into existence a World the minimum professional level of effort that Law System, a World Court System, and a will be provided by a contractor, OEO can Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, the peaceful world order with justice. hold a contractor to a certain level of per­ March 1970 Missouri Bar Journal con­ Sixth, we must clearly identify our peace formance even if the end product it desires is tains an article by Charles S. Rhyne, through law program in the hearts and difficult to define qualitatively. In a cost­ president of the World Peace Through minds of all peop!es as the means whereby reimbursable contract, OEO will only pay for Law Center, entitled "Ten Ways Lawyers they can achieve their eternal dream of actual time worked by contractor employees, Can Help the Cause of Peace." I think world peace with justice. Public opinion is a but an estimate should still be in the con­ this article, which follows, should be of mighty force. A sense of the necessity of tract as an indication of the scope of services their support must penetrate the people's the contractor is expected to provide. general interest: awareness of our plan. With the power of Levels of professional effort may be stated TEN \VAYS LAWYERS CAN HELP THE CAUSE OF public opinion behind our mission it will in terms of man-hours, man-days, man­ PEACE be<:ome the recognized imperative of our months, or man-years, as appropriate. They (By Charles S. Rhyne) day. may be stated in the aggregate or be broken An idea can be more powerful than an Seventh, in our focus upon world trade down into professional subcategories, such as and world aid for developing nations let us a.tom. Especially is this true of an idea whose be at the forefront in devising plans and "Project Director-one man-year, 2 Training time has come. Specialists-6 man-months each, 3 Education programs to carry out mankind's desire to The time of a world peace system built out share fairly among all men, women and Specialists-3 man-months each." of law will arrive in our day if we of the law In conclusion, if a RFP is to be a docu­ chHdren the enormous productivity, the profession assume adequate leadership. By wonders of technology and science, of our ment which communicates the maximum providing leadership in ma.king the time of feasible amount of information to enable of­ era. The gap between the rich and the poor peace under the law arrive we will lift the must be closed. Let us help lead that cru­ ferors to determine whether or not they wish hearts and hopes of all peoples. We will also to bid, the statement of work must be a sade also as its achievement will create the provide for all peoples a new faith in their social and economic stability required for clear, well drafted and precise statement of future for the eons of time stretching out OEO's requirements. order with justice under the rule of law. before them. Eighth, each of us c.an discharge pa.rt o! WESLEY HJORNEVIK, To a.void misunderstanding, let me say that Deputy Director. our responsibility to help build a world I do not contend that a World peace structure peace edifice out of law by asking our gov­ built out of law will cure all the ills of man. ernment officials to accept one or more exist­ Imperfect human beings run nations and ing international treaties. There is not one MARYLAND SOLDIER KILLED IN conduct international contacts and they are nation whose peoples cannot but benefit from VIETNAM certain to have disputes. Law rules can only accepting one or more of the many existing lessen their number and provide for their treaties to which they are not now a party. peaceful decision. Every lawyer or judge can help advance peace HON. CLARENCE D. LONG While a law system is not perfect, it is still by this very simp!e but very essential per­ OF MARYLAND the best concept yet conceived by the mind sonal action. of Man for conduct of relations among men Ninth, in personal relations between IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and nations. lawyers--both in our own countries and in­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 I believe that lawyers of many nations ternationally--our contributions toward un­ must work together to build peace with law, derstanding and peace can be great. In the Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, and do so with the widest vision of a com­ law we share a common concept, a com­ Army Sp4c. Paul T. Burrier, a fine young mon humanity. The world's people are acting mon language and a common life endeavor. man from Maryland was killed recently and thinking more and more as one. Much Working together we can make plans and in Vietnam. I would like to commend his greater international cooperation is neces­ programs which will translate a towering sary today than in the past. Especially is this ideal into achievement of the most desired courage and honor his memory by in­ true of the overriding desire for a new world dream of all peoples since the dawn of re­ cluding the following article in the peace system which will end forever the corded history. No greater joint enterprise RECORD: archaic ancient ritual of deciding disputes c.an command the endeavors of any profes.. PAUL T. BURRIER DEAD IN VIETNAM-ARMY between nations by the sacrifice of human sion than the cause of peace. SPECIALIST, FOURTH CLASS WAS Kn.LED lives. We must not over-promise, as ours is not NEAR CAM RANH BAY How do we or the law utilize our capacity an easy road to peace. Our plan cannot be The Department of Defense announced to achieve and maintain a human condition accomplished in a few months or even a few yesterday the death in South Vietnam of of world peace? I believe there are 10 specific years. It is not a plan for the short-winded Army Spec. 4 Paul T . Burrier, 21, of Catons­ things lawyers o'f the world can do for this or for those looking for an instant accom­ ville. universal cause. plishment from which world peace will spring April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10685 \ -: . . ~ full blown. We must use concentrated effort by the miscalculations of their nation's neglect as they move almost invisibly to build a peace structure out of law, treaty leaders? through civilian life. upon treaty, law upon law, transnational le­ Is adequate tribute being paid to those They don't talk much, but the distrust gal institution upon institution. That the who have suffered so much while we at Within them runs strong and the bitterness task is complex, difficult and long-range home make no sacrifices whatsoever? lies deep. should not deter or discourage but should Plain-spoken Lt. Gen. Herman Nickerson As 25-year-old Wally McKay, a much-dec­ be taken as a challenge to spur us on the Jr., retiring Marine commander in Vietnam, orated Marine veteran, has remarked: "I extraordinary effort which is required. says he is "disappointed in the silent major­ Just keep my mouth shut about the war. If Tenth, we should give our utmost effort ity" for not honoring Americans who have anybody asks me about Vietnam, I just refer to achieve agreement on concrete plans and lost life and limb in Vietnam. them to the library." proposals which we can urge upon the "There are relatively few places," the gen· Mike Sergieff, an ex-sailor, put it this way: United Nations, regional organizations and eral added, "where they waved flags and hon­ "I didn't expect to be treated like a hero governments to expand transnational law ored our servicemen as they did in the great when I got home. But I didn't expect to be and increase the use and number of inter­ days when the boys came home as heroes. ignored." national legal institutions devoted to peace­ They're not interested in the exploits of our The tragic neglect of our Vietnam veter­ ful settlement of disputes under the rule young men. Maybe we're getting to be pretty ans is a sad commentary on present day so­ of law. blase about the whole thing." ciety, steeped in greed and devoid of com­ When the rule of law exists throughout NO BANDS, PARADES passion. the world, then and only then can any man, We should hang our heads in shame. woman, or child live or travel any place on The general's indignation is shared by the face of the earth, or into the vistas of others. As one Veterans Administration offi­ endless space, in freedom, in dignity, and in cial remarked, "the guys who fought in ANNOUNCEMENT OF EULOGY FOR peace. World Wars I and II found gratitude and the traditional hero's welcome when they FORMER CONGRESSMAN LEON­ came home. These guys get no bands, no ARD WOLF HANG OUR HEADS IN SHAME parades, not even a :flicker of interest." This shabby lack of attention is bad enough. But a more severe indictment can HON. JOHN C. CULVER HON. JAMES A. BYRNE be drawn against the treatment of wounded OF IOWA veterans in government hospitals. OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Prompt use of the helicopter, intensive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES battlefield medical care and the Army's mod­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Tuesday, April 7, 1970 ern evacuation procedures save thousands Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, I am sure of wounded men who would have died in that every Member of this body who Mr. BYRNE of Pennsylvania. Mr. an earlier war. Speaker, there is a very, very old joke knew him was as saddened as I to learn · Unhappily, this superb medical treatment of the recent and most untimely death with the punchline of-"Yes, but what on the field of battle is not duplicated on the have you done for me lately?" Doubt­ home front. When wounded veterans are or our former colleague Leonard Wolf. lessly, most of the Members know the ultimately assigned to Veterans Administra­ He ably represented the Second Dis­ story because we, ourselves, have often tion hospitals for long-term treatment, the trict of Iowa from 1959 to 1961 and been the victims of such an attitude. story changes. since that time was associated with In Miami, doctors have charged that vet­ many campaigns to alleviate the world's But my purpose in rising today is to erans suffer a "tragic lack of care" because call attention to a gross ingratitude hunger problems. At the time of his the VA hospital is "grossly understaffed." passing he was director of the Ameri­ being paid by us-all of us; this Nation­ Dr. Stewart Wolf of the University of Okla­ to a body of men-and women too-to can Freedom From Hunger Foundation. homa says "there is real danger that the I would like to take this opportunity to whom all of us owe debts which can administration and Congress are about to never be discharged adequately. I refer, see veterans' hospitals revert to the mediocre announce that I will obtain a special of course, to our veterans. status of the 1920s and 1930s when tired order on Thursday, April 9, for the pur­ It is no secret to us, those of us who physicians and political jobholders provided pose of eulogizing Mr. Wolf. I invite live daily with the letters and telephone the care for the defenders of our country." Members to participate with me on this calls from constituents pleading for help And Dr. Ernest H. J. Bors of the VA hos­ occasion. pital in Long Beach, Calif., blames lack of for a son, a husband, a father who has people for the deterioration in the care of been disabled or incapacitated in his paraplegics. "We don't have the hands to do BOONDOGGLE DELUXE military service to his Nation and now the job," says Dr. Bors. "It boils down to a faces the bleakest of futures. matter of the budget." It is no secret to us that in recent Donald E. Johnson, newly appointed head HON. H. R. GROSS months aid and services for veterans of the VA, insists that veterans still receive OF IOWA top quality care-"care second to none." have even declined drastically; and this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disturbs me greatly. I do not know Yet most of the eVidence is to the contrary. whether to attribute this trend to cal­ A GRUESOME TOLL Tuesday, April 7, 1970 lousness or ignorance; but regardless, we The cruel nature of the Vietnam war­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, columnist must do all within our power to reverse booby traps, jungle ambushes, mines and Jack Anderson has discovered what some this trend. hidden spikes-has taken a gruesome toll of of us in the Congress have known now combat troops. More than a quarter of a Apropos of this situation, John S. million Americans have been wounded in for quite a while-that the international Knight, distinguished journalist and Vietnam, with about half of them requiring giveaway organizations the U.S. Govern­ newspaper executive, whose organization hospitalization. ment has fostered and financed so lav­ recently assumed ownership of the Phil­ Correspondent Don Oberdofer reports that ishly in recent years are nothing more adelphia Inquirer and the Philadelphia an Army study of 1,000 men separated from than monumental boondoggles. Daily News, 1n my constituency, has the service for disability discloses that 28 Mr. Anderson reports in his column of demonstrated this same concern in his per cent were amputees, 25 per cent suffer April 7, 1970, on the latest chapter in the weekly news column which appears 1n from paralysis of extremities and 14 per cent boondoggle that operates under the name the Knight newspapers. have "impairment of sense organs." of the Asian Development Bank. I suggest I wish to commend Mr. Knight for his These are much higher percentages than t~1.at he might find much the same story, public service in bringing this plight to in previous wars. The rate of blindness is or worse, in the operations of such in­ the attention of the citizenry and, hope­ triple that of World War II. President Nixon and the Congress have an stitutions as the African Development fully, to the administration. imperative responsibility to upgrade the qual­ Bank, the World Bank, the International So that my colleagues can share these ity of care being given to wounded veterans Finance Corp. and the rest of these slush lucid and · pertinent facts, the article in government hospitals. funds. follows: · Words such as "economy" and "budgetary I offer the column for insertion in the NEGLECT OF VIETNAM VETS AN ALL-AMERICAN considerations" strike a. discordant note when RECORD at this point. SHAME applied to the obligation we owe to young BOONDOGGLE DE LUXE (By John S. Knight) men whose lives and bodies have been shat­ tered in the service of their country. (By Jack Anderson) Are the people of America failing to honor A secret inquiry into the Asian Develop­ our servicemen returning from Vietnam? SAD COMMENTARY ment Bank, supported by the American tax­ Do they appreciate the sacrifice of these The fortunate ones-those who returned payers to the tune of $200 ;.nillion, has pro­ young men who fought in a war brought on sound of mind and body-can a.bide the duced evidence of a galloping boondoggle. 10686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 The inquiry was conducted behind closed Zagorin: "Yes, sir." to such groups as the Sierra Club, the John doors by Rep. Otto Passman (D-La.) , the Passman: "Could you furnish for the rec­ Muir Society, the Audobon Society, the Na­ crusty arch-foe of foreign aid, who dropped ord the amount of each loan? ... We want tional Geographic Society and various auto out of the fourth grade, studied accounting t.o know the amount of loans, the rate of and travel associations. while he scratched out a living, and de­ interest during calendar year 1969." Many of these organizations have valid veloped a fierce attachment for every dollar Zagorin: "Mr. Chairman, I cannot give it reasons to challenge the progression of soci­ he ever earned. He now treats the taxpayers to you by name, nor the specific loan." ety. But much of the damage is a result of dollars with equal tenderness. Passman: "Why can't you?" their own doing. One bureau in the western Breathing flame from both nostrils, he Zagorin: "Because the president of the states, a. chamber o:f commerce, has long blistered the bank's U.S. representative and bank (Japan's Takeshi Watanabe) will not advertised the beauty of its state to entice a gaggle of Treasury Department officials for disclose that information to me for this visitors. Many visitors ca.me and saw and not taking better care of the taxpayers' $200 purpose." were convinced. They decided to stay. But million. Passman: "What if you did not get any they had to have a place to live. Before the hearing ended, the exasperated more money? Let me say this to you. You The once-advertised beauty has slowly Passman was moved to exclaim: "I think this are telling me that the president of the dwindled to make way for a place to build is the most mismanaged outfit I have ever bank, to which we have pledged $200 mil­ and live. had anything to do with! ... Gentlemen, lion, will not permit this committee ... to Once remote and historically quaint Park you are taking this country for a ride!" have the names of the staff members who City, Utah, for example, now is an attraction The Asian Development Bank was founded borrowed money from the organization ... for thousands of skiers each winter. Much of in 1966 to provide loan assistance to under­ You will get this information for the com­ the natural beauty is permanently destroyed developed nations. Passman discovered, in­ mittee, or you will not get any money." because it is a. popular resort. Millcreek Canyon outside Salt Lake City stead, that most of its funds are tied up in The bank, which wants an additional $100 investments and that almost half its profits was caught in the web of migration. The million from the American taxpayers, ls ex­ canyon, on the west slope of the towering are squandered on overhead. Here are some pected to tell Passman what he wants to of his secret findings: Wasatch Mountain range, has lost much of know. its charm because of an expanding suburbia. SECRET SCANDAL So many of the nearly 3 million members Although the bank has assets of about of the LDS faith and others as well have $452 million, loans have been approved for HARBOR COLLEGE ECOLOGIST clustered around the monument to Brigham less than $140 million. The bank, whose pur­ SEES END TO POLLUTION, OVER­ Young who said "This is the Place," it's diffi­ pose is to grant development loans, seems CROWDING cult to see the white marble statue in Em­ more interested in seeking investment op­ migration Canyon because of all the new portunities. homes. In more than three years of operation, the HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON Utah is not the only western wilderness bank has disbursed only $9.3 million against OF CALIFORNIA area to be devastated by the advance of the loan commitments, but has spent $11.6 ecologism. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES million for administrative expenses. This The California redwoods are still as beauti­ shocking disproportion can be Justified, in Tuesday, April 7, 1970 ful, but not as many that once beautified small part, by the extra expense of getting the green and golden state. The proposed organized. Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Mineral King project in the southern end of The bank has 438 people on the payroll, Speaker, when we consider man and the the Sequoia. National Park has blasted out not counting the top executives. The Export­ environment, not all is bleak. The ad­ mountains. The thundering Snake River's Import Bank, with six times its assets, has vancements made in improving our sur­ "Hell's Canyon" in Idaho is in danger of only 364 employees. roundings and making the earth more being tranquilized by dams for water supply Last year, the Asian Development Bank re­ for cities and farms to grow produce to feed ported $12.9 million in profits. Less than 2 habitable have been rapid. Our knowl­ edge concerning the causes and cures of the cities. Wildlife is suffering from the pol­ per cent of this came from interest, the rest lution created by man to expand his environ­ from investments. About 40 per cent of the our troubled environment has increased ment. profits, $5.6 million all told, was eaten up tremendously. We must continue to This sounds like a dismal state of a.ff'airs. by administrative expenses. In contrast, the study, to learn, and to act. Yet, we must The end of the impossible dream. Export-Import Bank spends only 5 per cent do so with a greater sense of urgency. "Quite the contrary," a San Pedro sociology of its profits for overhead. For studies indicate that under existing The Asian bank, whose loan money is sup­ professor counters. ''Within another 10 yea.rs posed to be used strictly to develop poor na­ vehicular emission control standards, we will have resolved a lot of problems in tions, has been granting personal loans to its automobile air pollution in the United this direction." staff. States will more than double in the next She is Dr. Ellen Erchul of 2286 Sparta The U.S. representative, Bernard Zagorin, 30 years because of the projected increase Drive and a professor in the social sciences told Passman that the bank had invested in both the number of vehicles and miles at Harbor College. about $100 million in American securities. "We have had the know-how for at least driven by each vehicle. 10 years but until now we have done very Yet despite this unused $100 million, the Although some authorities are predict­ bank recently borrowed $15 million. little about it. Because of the startling and ing that, within 30 to 50 years, life as we acute danger of pollution and all its accom­ ENTERTAINMENT EXPENSES know it on this planet will cease to exist, panying factors recently brought to public By now, Passman was incredulous. "Why," Dr. Ellen Erchul, a professor at Harbor attention, we must and will have to take our he demanded, "would it be necessary to float College, in Harbor City, Calif., sees a sil­ plans off the drawing board a.nd put them bonds and pay 7 per cent interest on $15 ver lining among the clouds. into practical application," she said. milllon when you had approximately $100 "We will have to have a meeting of the million on hand that you didn't need for I insert in the RECORD the following minds between physical, biological and so­ immediate use?" article, which appeared in the March 25, ciological concepts and work together as a Zagorin explained lamely that "it is felt 1970, edition of the San Pedro News unit. This coordination is long overdue. In necessary to get the international money Pilot, revealing the optimism of Dr. the past, each of us who have specialized in markets familiar with the bank and the Erchul. our own fields have gone off on our own bank's operations." l!AiwOR COLLEGE ECOLOGIST SEES END TO tangents. And, you can see what a mess When Passman began to dig into the bank roLLUTION, OVERCROWDING we're in." executives' entertainment expenses--euphe­ (By Gayle Palmer) The sociology expert first put the word mistically referred to as the "representation "ecology" on "the board" in her classes a allowance"- he found it had increased over In this era. of vastly increasing crime, decade ago and students began t.o become the past year from $24,000 to $44,000. He pollution of water and air, over-population aware of the term but not alarmed enough asked why. and imbalanced economy, there is a threat to take it seriously. Now, the young genera­ "Because," said Zagorln, "more than halt to one of the ideals held most dear: "America tion of deep thinkers are beginning to do of the $44,000 is for the office of the presi­ the Beautiful." Conservationists hold that something about it, she said. dency and for official receptions and so forth." the ca.uses are all inter-related. "After all, the oncoming generations are "He is really living high on the hog, is he Crime and dirt in the cities are driving going to inherit the world after we're gone. not?" snapped Passman. people back to the country. Increasing pop­ They are becoming aware of their respon­ "We included a lot of the official confer­ ulation in concentrated megalopolises create sibllities in dealing with the concentration ences hosted by the president,'' mumbled contamination of waters. Exhaust fumes of population as an economic entity and the Zagorin. from Jet planes and cars combined with in­ resultant pollution and its related conse­ HEATED EXCHANGE dustrial waste are poisoning the atmosphere. quences. When he began inquiring into the bank's And, the demand for better living of the "I have every faith in the oncoming gen­ loans to staff members, however, perhaps the burgeoning upper middle-classes all add t.o erations because they will profit by the mis­ most heated exchange of the hearing ensued. the crisis. takes of our own haphazard planning and Passman: "Are you making any loans t.o The few remaining paradise areas of the lackluster system of social disorder." your staff members?" United States a.re being crucified according Dr. Erchul firmly believes that the new gen- April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10687 erations will preserve what's left of the once VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY Remember when the first step was taken natural beauty of Western America.. WINNING ESSAY on the moon, and astronauts Aldrin and Arm.­ "We have been far too careless in the pa.st strong, looking down on their small world, without necessarily intending to tear down described it as a mere "pinpoint" where im­ our once beautiful countryside," she con­ HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE posed barriers, boundaries, and "gaps" no longer existed. Through the revelation that tends. "Our ancestors and present older gen­ OF TEXAS erations have been thinking too much of this giant step gave to mankind, I ask you, protecting our purse strings than protecting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has any time, any era, ever been such a sea­ our society and its natural surroundings. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 son of light? "Future generations will become more In Sydney Carton, Dickens saw that it was knowledgeable about preservation while, at Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, the courage and spirit of each individual the same time, applying their knowledge each year the Veterans of Foreign Wars that salvaged the world. Carton lived with a.bout keeping America beautiful." of the United States sponsors a voice of compassion and love for his fellow beings, for The professor, who has been a social teacher democracy program in which high school a universal justice-even to his death on the and social worker 38 years, cautions against students are asked to write a broadcast guillotine. the "shock value" of converting the "don't script. All five winners of this year's Let's all try to live every minute projecting cares" into "do cares." this freedom of our best times onto the kalei­ "This simply isn't true in our concern. contest on "Freedom's Challenge" were doscope of the worst times. Let's bring the While little has been done to correct this guests of honor at the VFW Congres­ baptism of liberty, the spring of hope, to situation, our young people know what's sional Dinner and received a personal those prisoned times which are ever born in happening. Educating them into action will congratulation from President Nixon. I the winter of despair. be more beneficial than frightening them into would like to include the essay of the These times present the challenge which I action." fourth-place winner, Bonnie Brewster realize as a spoiled patriot, and as an un­ The Harbor College social authority added of Bridgewater, Mass. A 17-year-old spoiled patriot. I, as an individual, try to that there is sufficient space left in the Cardinal Spellman High School student, live this challenge in my refusal to lapse into United States without contaminating its the apathetic and "comfortable" llfe, in my ecology. The answer ls, as she sees it, to re­ Bonnie is vice president of the National refu'Sal to condone slavery and slaughter and organize our social structure and build new Forensic League and of the oratorical suffering and starvation, and in my refusal cities with their tandem industry within society, and hopes to pursue a career in to recognize those who strike out against the open spaces. This system ls working not the communications arts and English. peace among men. It is in my refusal that I only in Europe with its long history of over­ The VFW should be commended for their do accept Freedom's Challenge. I am hum­ concentra.tion of population, but in the sponsorship of such a fine program. After bled, but I am proud-I am an American. Ea.stern United States, as well. "There will be better planning and better reading this essay, I think you will agree distribution of utilizing our natural re­ that we all can take pride in the patriot­ ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMIT­ sources when we decentralize the metro­ ism and faith in America displayed by TEE ON INTERNAL SECURITY polltan areas as we now know them," she this young student. The essay follows: envisions. FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE Scientists already have confirmed the (By Bonn:e Brewster) HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD theory of converting the atmospheric inver­ sion that ca.uses smog over the urban areas "I have died in Vietnam OF MISSOURI into pure, clean air. But I have walked the face of the moon. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Here in Los Angeles we know that we can I have beat down my enemies with clubs Tuesday, April 7, 1970 syphon-in the sea breeze by a simple process But I have built courtrooms to keep them of reducing the atmospheric pressure," she free. Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, the Com­ said. "But it would require a long, ha.rd mittee on Internal Security recently process with the cooperation of industry. This I have built a bomb to destroy the world marked the first anniversary of its crea­ requires money, and that gets back to the But I have used it to light a light. tion by the House of Representatives. old theory of unloosening the purse strings." I have outraged my brothers in the allies In the pa.st, science has lost the persona.I As chairman, I now want to call the at­ of the ghettos tention of my colleagues and the public contact with people, Dr. Erchul inferred. But I have transplanted a human heart." "We are realizing now that to be scientific, to the availability of the first annual you must also have value judgment. We have Closing the cover of today's Time Maga­ report of the Internal Security Commit­ used up much of our resources because we zine, 1969, I recall the words of a favorite tee. The report reviews the committee's did not use individual responsibillty in de­ novel which speak to me of yesterday. legislative and investigative operations veloping our westward expansion. The al­ "It was the best of times, it was the worst most extinction of the buffalo is a. good of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was during 1969. Rather than attempt a re­ example." the age of uncertainty, it was the season of statement of the contents, I am attach­ Dr. Erchul was brought up in the "land of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was ing for inclusion in the RECORD the com­ the Thousand Lakes" in Northern Minnesota the spring of hope, it was the winter of plete table of contents. I also submit and appreciates the "loveliness" of nature. despair." herewith the text of my remarks con­ She is a member of the Sierra Club and other SO wrote Charles Dickens, 1869. tained in the foreword, as an expression conservationist groups and still maintains And it is the best of times--fantastic of my position with regard to the respon­ her desire to preserve the land a.s it once achievement is now and always will be our was. path-the corridors of space loom infinite sibilities, policies, and objectives of the "I traveled around the world and saw the and inviting through the explorations of committee. beauty in the cities because of well-advanced Apollo 11 and 12, modern medicine has CONTENTS planning. Hong Kong ls a good example. thrown open the window for new hope Page There isn't one utillty pole there even though through oontinuing research, and now, as Foreword------1 it has one of the highest population con­ never before, the doors of higher education SECTION A: HEARINGS ON Bll.LS centrations in the world," she marveled. stand open to all who seek admittance. Chapter !.-Hearings relating to H.R. "Every possible utillty scheme is hidden from It is the worst of times. There are killers 12699 (reported with amendments as view underground." lurking am.ong us--wars rage taking their H .R . 14864): Industrial, vessel, and The professor met her husband, John, who toll upon humanity, air pollution and water port security. (Hearings held Septem- ls a research chemist in the Harbor Area, pollution threaten extinction of life, while ber 9, 10, and 24, 1969.) ------7 while they were teaching in another of rioters plague university campuses and city Chapter 11.-Hearings relating to H.R. nature's wonderlands at International Falls, streets. Minn. They moved to Southern Callfornia in 959: Obstruction of Armed Forces. Why? ... and how? ... in such an age of (Hearings held September 15 and 16, 1940 and have llved in San Pedro since 1961. wisdom, can man be so foollsh? Although a lover of nature she became We as human beings have been given such 1969.) ------17 interested in sociology during World War II a capacity to love and to give--and yet, we SECTION B: INVESTIGATIVE HEARINGS as a receptionist for the Travelers Aid Society continue to hate and to take and to demand. Chapter Ill.-National SOS data and at the Los Angeles Union Station. I speak today of Freedom's Challenge­ local chapter activities at Georgetown In summing up her observations, Dr. that challenge which I believe, in the best University in Washington, D.C. (Hear- Erchul said: ot times, seems disciplined, loving and self­ ings held June 3-5 and 17, 1969.) ______28 "This is still a pretty good country in spite less men build. and develop life for a newer Chapter IV.---SDS activities at Kent of some ot the young people and their and brighter world, while, in the worst of State University, Kent, Ohio. (Hear­ ideologies. This will be their country some "times, sees selfish, undisciplined, slavish men ings held June 24 and 25, 1969.) ------43 day to look after. destroying any semblance of earthy harmony Chapter V .-SDS activities at George "And I'm extremely optimistic about their and-ultimately-de.stroying their very free­ Washington University in Washington, future." dom. D.C. (Hearings held July 22-24, 1969.)- 63 10688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 Chapter VI.-SDS activities at American Committee on Internal Security jurisdic­ 1969, the then newly constituted Committee University, Washington, D.C. (Hear­ tion over revolutionary groups which would on Internal Security held its first meeting ings held July 24, 1969.) ------67 work toward the change or the alteration of and adopted a resolution approving the Chapter VII.-Communist Party and SDS our institutions and systems of government study and investigation in depth of revolu­ activities in Chicago, Ill., including the through revolutionary means outside the tionary violence within thiS Nation. University of Chicago, and aspects of democratic process. It is not concerned with In a statement to the committee, I said t he SDS 1969 Convention. (Hearings change through the democratic process at that time: held August 6 and 7, 1969.)------71 which is, of course, inherent in our system of "It iS becoming increasingly evident that Chapter VIII.-SDS activities related to government. But every democratic govern­ one of the gravest threats to our internal se­ high school students and other teen­ ment has the responsibillty to take the nec­ curity and to the free functioning of our agers in the summer of 1969 in Colum- essary steps to preserve and protect itself democratic institutions is posed by the ac­ bus and Akron, Ohio; Detroit, Mich.; from unlawful subversion. tivities of certain organizations which would and Pittsburgh, Pa.; plus involvement effect changes in our Government or its ad­ in labor-management dispute in "I think what has happened is that the ministration by other than constitutional Washington, D .C. (Hearings held Oc­ House Committee on Un-American Activities processes. Recent investigations of thiS com­ tober 20-22, 28- 30, and December 17, has been caught--not only the House Com­ mittee, the statements of responsible offi­ 1969.) ------86 mittee on Un-American Activities, but the cials, Federal and State, and daily press re­ Chapter IX.-SDS and "Newsreel" in- House of Representatives itself-has been ports, appear to me to sustain this conclu­ volvement in the release of American caught up in a battle between two extreme sion." prisoners of war in North Vietnam. views in this country, the extreme view on The same statement is just as valid at the (Hearings held December 9-11, 1969.)- 106 the one hand that people with unorthodox outset of 1970 as it was in the winter of Chapter X.-Hearings on links between political thoughts, political ideas or political 1969. SDS and Newsreel film propaganda ideologies, should be taken out and eradi­ For the past year the Nation has been wit­ company; SDS activity at Fort Dix, cated and in some way disposed of, and the ness to continuing violence in the streets, on N.J., Army Base; SDS National Action equally absurd view on the other extreme campuses, and in classrooms and corridors activity in Chicago, Ill., October 8-11. holding that Congress has no business legis­ of secondary schools. We have read the sear­ (Hearings held December 16-18, 1969.) - 116 lating or investigating in the very important ing headlines of mass murders for "kicks" SECTION C: REFERENCE SERVICE AND COMMITTEE field of subversion. As I stated before, this by drug-using "hippie" cultists. Bombings, PUBLICATIONS is the basic right of every democratic gov­ arson, shootouts with police in our major Chapt er XI.-Report of Committee's ernment. Subversion ls as old as the history cities, coupled with massive demonstra­ Files and Reference Section ______131 of organized society and the threat may be tions-peaceful and otherwise--against the Chapter XII.-Committee Publications __ 132 one form of ism today and a different one policies and authority of government have tomorrow." been publicized throughout the world. In SECTION D: CONTEMPT CITATIONS It was with a deep sense of gratitude to truth, the televiSion screens, newspapers, and Chapter XIII.-Review of current status my many colleagues who supported H. Res. radio stations of America have presented the of contempt citations ______134 89 that I designed new policies and proce­ people of this country with what amounts to Index ------i dures to suit the times and the mandate of a psychedelic kaleidoscope of uncontrolled, HCIS. undisciplined, and irresponsible behavior by militant elements of our youth and frus­ FOREWORD In this first annual report of the House Committee on Internal Security I want to trated minority groups. On January 29, 1969, I was elected chair­ In my statement of February 1969, I called man of the House Committee on Un-Ameri­ restate the committee's responsibilities and the areas in which it is mandated by the the committee's attention to the :fact that can Activities by the House of Representa­ any such study "will obviously require the tives. An organizational meeting of HCUA House of Representatives to conduct its activities. most painstaking and thorough inquiry and was held on February 6, 1969, at which time understanding of the extent, character, and action was taken on routine procedural res­ First, the committee was granted authority to investigate organizations which seek to objectives, the organizational :forms, financ­ olutions. I presented to the committee the ing, and other facts, with respect to those new chief counsel, Donald G. Sanders, and overthrow or alter the form of government of the United States or any State by force, vio­ organizations and individuals engaged in rev­ made several operational announcements. olutionary violence, sedition, and breach of That was to be the last meeting of HCUA, lence, or any unlawful means as distin­ guished from change through the democratic peace and law, as are proper subjects of in­ which had been a standing committee of the vestigation as mandated by the House. Obvi­ House since 1945. process. This would include organizations, whether or not a part of the international ously, we cannot legislate in a vacuum." Twelve days later, on February 18, the On March 6, 1969, the first specific full House approved by a vote of 306 to 80, H. Communist conspiracy, which seek a violent revolution. scale investigation as part of an in-depth Res. 89 which I had introduced a :few weeks study of revolutionary violence was author­ earlier to abolish HCUA and simultaneously Second, the committee was given authority ized and subsequently I declared that the to create the House Committee on Internal to investigate organizations which incite or policy of the House Committee on Internal Security. employ acts of violence to obstruct or oppose Security would be to exerciSe meticulous care In my years of service on HCUA, beginning the lawful authortiy of the Federal Govern­ to avoid any interference with academic or in 1963, I progressively moved toward the ment in the execution of any law of the other freedoms in the course of our investi­ belief that a new emphasiS, a new direction, U.S. affecting internal security. This could gation. was essential in the field of internal security. include organizations which, while not seek­ I stated in a release to the press: I felt thiS could be most effectively accom­ ing violent overthrow of the Government, "Our concern is with the nature and ex­ plished by a :fresh, clear, and straightforward nevertheless employ violence in defiance of tent of what may be organized, unlawful statement of objectives in the light of con­ law, such as the Ku Klux Klan has in the subversion. It is not our purpose or intent temporary conditions. HCUA had served its past. to restrict any of our established freedoms in purposes, but revolutionary concepts which Finally, the committee has oversight re­ any way. Neither is it our desire to punish. swept across our land in the last decade ne­ sponsibility relative to the administration Trials and punishment a.re for the courts. cessitated a different concept of approach. I of any law pertaining to the above areas of And, at the same time, it is not our intent envisioned a modern committee, with a prag­ authority. Thus the committee will assist the to enforce existing laws. These are responsi­ matic mandate, a meaningful name, a re­ Congress in the exercise of three well-estab­ bilities of the executive branch of Govern­ structed stafl', and purposeful investigations, lished congressional functions: legislative, ment. We merely want to find out the facts. enabled thereby to make legislative consid­ investigative, and oversight. "Our goal in this effort will be to investi­ erations realistically commensurate with an The question whether the investigative gate, report, and recommend. And we are su­ atmosphere of increasingly pervasive de­ power should be institutionalized in a stand­ premely confident the people of this country fiance of law a!ld open threats to alter our ing committee is a legitimate one. But I can will support this effort to ascertain the form of government by other than dem­ carry on no meaningful dialogue with those facts to the end that the legislative process ocratic processes. A resolution to ef­ who contend a committee of Congress should may be facilitated and the interests of dem­ fectuate these ideas which I first intro­ have no power to investigate and disclose ocratic government enhanced." duced in the House in January 1967 and the facts about such activities. In order for . On the basis of preliminary staff studies, which was identical with H. Res. 89 was the Congress to legislate with intelligence the committee then resolved that the first never brought to a vote in the 9oth Congress. and reason, it must have access to facts. The comprehensive investigation should be de­ At the time of my election as HCUA chair­ power to investigate is an indispensable pred­ voted to the origin, character, objectives, ac­ man in January 1969, I reiterated my inten­ icate for the development of such facts. tivities, and other facts relating to the Stu­ tion to press for the establishment of the Congress has not only the right, but also dents for a Democratic Society, with particu­ House Committee on Internal Security in the duty, to keep itself informed of subver­ lar reference to: order to make the most beneficial contribu­ sive activities so that its members may be "(1) the extent to which it may be in­ tion to the Nation's internal security. During able to legislate wisely, effectively, and volved in acts of violence or other unlawful the debate on February 18, 1969, I explained: promptly. activities to accomplish any of its purposes "This resolution 1f adopted would give the Against that background, on February 20, or objectives; (2) the extent to which, and April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10689 the manner 1n which, it may incite or em­ than 30 were adopted and incorporated into pay seven per cent of their salary for their ploy acts of force, violence, terrorism. or the clean bill, H.R. 14864, which will provide retirement plan. any unlawful means to obstruct or oppose the an explicit legislative base for the mainte­ We pay more than 70 per cent towards the Government of the United states in the exe­ nance of three basic and necessary national government-sponsored hospitalization plan cution of any law or policy affecting the in­ security programs for the purpose of safe­ that we have. The government also sponsors ternal security of the United States; (3) the guarding, first, selected industrial facilities life insurance and we pay a part of that, too. extent to which, and the manner and means essential to the defense of the United States The starting salary of postal employes is by which, it or any of its chapters or affili­ against espionage, sabotage, and acts of sub­ $6,176 with a top of $8,442 after 21 years of ated groups may be controlled, directed, or version; second, classified information re­ service. assisted by organizations or individuals who leased to contractors; and, third, vessels and There are annual increases of $206 for seek to overthrow or assist in the overthrow waterfront facilities. By a vote of 274 to 65 the first seven years and then there is a or alteration of the form of Government of the bill was passed by the House on Janu­ three-year wait before the next five steps the United States or of any State thereof by ary 29, 1970; it has been referred to the Ju­ and the increase i.s still only $206 each step. unlawful means, or by any such means to diciary Committee of the Senate. I am hope­ This is no longer an issue of clerks and obstruct or oppose the Government of the ful that this significant and vita.I legislative letter carriers. Here in Mount Clemens it United States in the execution of any law proposal will be enacted into law in 1970. is the postal employees of the Mount Clemens or policy affecting the internal security of Details concerning the measure wlll be found post office who are withholding their services the United States; (4) the manner in which in the first chapter of this Annual Report. in sympathy with the New York letter car­ it is financed and supported; (5) the extent A subcommittee of HCIS conducted hear­ riers. to which it may act in concert with, aid or ings on H.R. 959, "Obstruction of Armed You cannot call this a movement of "hot assist, or be supported by, foreign Commu­ Forces." This bill, still pending with the sub­ heads" or of "militant youth" when you have nist powers, their agents or nationals; and committee, was drafted to prohibit and pre­ employes with 20 and 30 years of service (6) all other facts in relation to the fore­ scribe penalties for certain misconduct in­ asking to be treated as human beings and going." tended to prejudice the interests of our citizens. This investigation progressed and on May Armed Forces during periods of armed con­ We are entitled to all the equal rights of 14, 1969, the committee authorized hearings flict abroad. the Constitution. Cooler heads are prevail­ to be held. The results of investigative hear­ The report concludes with a. review of the ing. We have had employes for yea.rs who ings conducted between early June and mid· status of recent contempt citations. have wanted this to happen. We are not proud December dealing with SDS in its wide range As we move into 1970 and a new decade, of this sad state of affairs. of activities are summarized in the following I sense an air of confidence in America's We feel that the blame has to be put report. responsible citizenry. Citizens and govern­ directly to the Congress and administra­ While most of our investigations and hear­ mental officials in the last few months have tion both past and present. ings were focused on the Students for a be-come more concerned about the dangers of The many promises of better legislation, Democratic Society-up to and including revolutionary violence and, in many respects, the inequities in the meager pay bills that their recent splintering into greatly weak­ th-ey are developing more effective ways and were passed and the threat of veto by the ened factions--the committee staff has pa.id means of curbing the threat. Although the President if a particularly good bill was careful attention to the development and level of violence and dedication to subversion voted out of Congress has given rise to activity of other organizations which may is still high and may yet reach greater pro­ our feelings. threaten America's internal tranquillity and portions, we must resolve to contend with Postal employes have only be-en able to security. such by means of even and studied determi­ "exist" in this economy of today. We can For example, on October 8, 1969, the com­ nations, rather than by convulsive, 111- no longer just "exist." mittee ordered an investigation into the ac­ considered reaction. As we devise measures We ask the public (our patrons) that tivities of the Black Panther Party and the to secure the blessings of liberty for all our they try to understand our needs and per­ Progressive Labor Party with guidelines sim­ people, we must at the same time build for haps join with us by writing to our sen­ ilar to those for the investigation of SDS future generations a. heritage of reason and ators, representatives and the President in carefully enumerated. justice. The work of this committee will be our support. guided by these considerations. Hearings on the Black Panther Party com­ MOUNT CLEMENS POSTAL EMPLOYES. menced on March 3, 1970. RICHARD H. !CHORD, Of particular concern to the committee Chairman. is the increasing evidence that the New Mo­ MARCH 26, 1970. bilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam-popularly referred to as New Mil,TON HOLMES-A REAL Mobe-is being manipulated by prominent CONSTRUCTIVE LEADER "old left" Communists. The New Mobe lead­ THE POSTMEN RING OUT ership quite candidly pride themselves on having captured-in the name of peace­ HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL seeking-an impressive number of this Na­ HON. JAMES G. O'HARA OF MARYLAND tion's idealistic and sincerely motivated OF MICmGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES young people to be used in the near future IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the advocacy of other causes which are Tuesday, April 7, 1970 part and pa.reel of the Communist plans for Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker­ debilitating our great Nation. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, the recent Somehow you never forget what poverty On November 4, 1969, I placed in the Con­ postal strike has brought home vividly to and hatred can do when you see its scars gressional Record a study compiled by the on the face of a young child. research staff of the committee on the so­ the American people the plight of the called Fall Offensive of the New Mobe, and underpaid postal worker. I have recently So spoke President Lyndon B. John­ on December 10 the committee ordered an had called to my attention a statement son in the course of one of the most investigation of the New Mobilization Com• by postal employees of Macomb County, deeply felt, and deeply moving addresses mittee to End the War in Vietnam. Mich., expressing their support of the ever delivered by an American President. At th-at time, we pointed out that the carriers' strike. I include this statement, findings of the committee staff "raised seri­ The date of March 15, 1965, on the oc­ ous questions about the true nature and as carried in the Macomb Daily, at this casion of a joint session of the Senate objectives of the New Mobe. The investiga­ point in the RECORD: and House of Representatives. tion which the committee has ordered will THE POSTMEN RING OUT Thanks to the inspired leadership of separate the grain from the chaff." Twenty-three years of postal service and President Johnson and bis predecessor The staff study disclosed a significant never did I dream that the only way to be President John F. Kennedy and the ef­ Communist presence within the leadership recognized and compensated for our service fort.s of the Congress, our Nation ad­ of the New Mobe, including members and would be for postal employes to walk out partisans of the Communist Party, U.S.A., against our government. It truly 1s a sad dressed it.self to often vexing problems the Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party and day for us as employes and citizens to have in attempting to resolve conflicting race Young Socialist Alliance. The committee in­ such a dark day being weighted against us. relations, in coping with unfair discrim­ vestigation of New Mobe is in progress, and Believe me, it hurts, but since New York ination, and in removing one of the initial hearings are scheduled for April 1970. letter carriers moved, it was inevitable that causes for needless violence. Yes, we have On the legislative front, the committee postal employes all over the nation would come a long way, but we must go further reported out a bill which will strengthen follow. the security of our Nation's defense facilities. in creating a favorable climate for both Wages are belng mentioned foremost, but the black and white citizen. This major piece of legislation, H.R. 14864, there are many inequities that should be evolved from H.R. 12699, introduced on July settled now that we are on the move. A However, to achieve the desirable 9, 1969. During hearings numerous witnesses labor management contract that ls mea.n.ing­ goals we seek, we must necessarily have presented their views. More than 50 amend­ ful is also of prime importance. Fringe bene­ the cooperation of the people and I am ments were proposed and considered. Not less fits have to be improved, Postal employes indeed happy to be able to report that in 673-Part 8 10690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7; 1 :J t'J Baltimore City, we do receive such co­ his influence is being felt. The Reverend Not so many years a.go, if you mentioned operation. That we were successful is due Leon Sullivan is scoring victory after Dr. Sullivan to a Philadelphia businessman, mainly to the creative leadership of Mr. victory in campaigns to bring the under­ you were apt to be told you were talking a.bout the city's No. 1 radical, out to destroy Milton Holmes, project director of the privileged more profitably into the profit the free enterprise system. Target City youth program in Baltimore, system. He is truly opening the doors to Mention him today and you'll find he's Md. opportunity for blacks. I append here­ been embraced by the Philadelphia business Few things have given me more pleas­ with an article which appears in the community for his contributions in the field ure than to be able to obtain approval of April issue of Nation's Business on Rev­ of Negro employment. the funding for one of the Target City erend Sullivan, "Opening Doors to Op­ ROAR OF THE "LION OF ZION" youth programs proposed by Mr. Holmes. portunity," and hope, Mr. Speaker, that Dr. Sullivan's activities during the early As chairman of the Joint Committee on all of my colleagues will read it. Sixties were hardly of a kind to endear him Printing, I obtained committee approval It was the privilege of myself, Senator to businessmen. The "Lion of Zion," as the and urged favorable action by the De­ RICHARD SCHWEIKER, and Senator J. hulking, six-foot-five-inch pastor of Zion partment of Health, Education, and CALEB BOGGS of the other body to testify Baptist Church sometimes is called, decided Welfare for such a worthwhile endeavor in behalf of Reverend Sullivan's bill for to take on those he felt were denying decent to train people for employment in the the funding of Opportunities Industrial­ jobs to Negroes. At his request more than 400 Negro pastors printing industry and I am pleased that ization Center, Inc., which was created in called on their parishioners to stop buying $924,000 was provided for this project. 1964 to provide job training to disadvan­ from 29 Philadelphia firms accused of hiring To train and help our youth is one of taged black people in Philadelphia. My bias. the most meaningful and necessary en­ own community of Champaign-Urbana, Job opportunities opened. deavors in today's world. We are indeed m., has had an opportunities center for Dr. Sullivan had made a name for himself fortunate in having such enlightened over 2 years. The community raised over but he soon realized he had won only a par­ leaders as Mr. Milton Holmes to work $100,000 last year and is in the process of tial victory. Thousands of jobs were waiting to be filled in Philadelphia, but few of the with the underprivileged. May others raising another $100,000 to implement city's 100,000 jobless-mostly Negroes-were take inspiration from his life and work. the program conceived by Reverend Sul­ equipped to fill them. The Baltimore Afro-American re­ livan. It worked in Philadelphia; it is It was here that the ore concept was born. cently called attention to his accom­ working in Champaign and over 90 com­ Leon Sullivan was determined to train the plishments and I include that brief munities throughout the country. people so they could take the jobs. A Phila­ article at this point in the RECORD. Much Mr. Speaker, I am hopeful that this bill delphia philanthropist donated a six-story has been said about the deficiencies in will pass the House and Senate and be building. our poverty programs but too little is signed into law before we adjourn this The city let Dr. Sullivan take over an year. abandoned, rat-infested jail. He prowled said about dedicated men like Milton Philadelphia. scrounging unused, unwanted Holmes who make these programs work. Mr. Speaker, Reverend Sullivan is na­ equipment-tools, electronics gear, a com­ I know that my colleagues in the Con­ tionally recognized among all groups as puter, a whole chemistry lab. gress join with me in commending him the outstanding black in America today, Businessmen began to grasp the idea that for his achievements. who is trying to bring home to his people this radical man of the cloth was not out to The article fallows: the motto: "Build, brother, build." He is destroy the free enterprise system but to help his people enjoy some of its fruits. Dr. Sulli­ TARGET CITY LEADER recognized nationally, and Nation's Business of April 1970 has an excellent van said at the time: Milton Holmes is project director of Target "The benefits of the free enterprise system City Youth Program, a Community Action article on his distinguished record and weren't filtering to my people. We were Agency project designed to provide construc­ his many accomplishments. Nothing is getting crumbs. I decided we should get some tive and productive past-times for youth in more needed to show how we can help of the bread instead." the area. the underprivileged in our country. Almost from the outset OIC was a success. In addition to his paid. assignment, Mr. The article referred to follows: Contrary to what was said, there were men Holmes is a moving force in the Maryland OPENING DOORS TO OPPORTUNITY and women on welfare who wanted steady Society of Social Welfare, in the Maryland jobs instead of the dole. They ca.me by the Society of Training Directors, Baltimore City "For my people," says the Rev. Leon H. hundreds to sign up. Apprenticeship Information Advisory Com­ Sullivan, "I want ham and eggs on earth In the beginning, skeptical employers mittee, and the Board of Directors, Balti• instead of milk and honey in heaven." agreed to gamble on OIC trainees. After a more Urban Coalition. He has been working wonders in moving while these same employers actually began As conceiver and founder of the Target his people toward that goal. And more's to come. asking for OIC workers. The word got around City Youth Program, Mr. Holmes has placed Philadelphia. that it was good business to do more than 300 former unemployed black Dr. Sullivan, a Negro, is the founder of business with Leon Sullivan. males in jobs with added dignity. Opportunities Industrialization Center, Inc., The pressure that Dr. Sullivan was apply­ In addition, 48 women, (mostly welfare re­ created in 1964 t.o provide job training to ing was black power all right, but not the cipients) were trained and placed in clerical disadvantaged Philadelphia black people and type you generally imagine. He has pointed and secretarial related positions. to give them a era.ck at a variety of indus­ out many times: A former resident of Turner Station and trial jobs which had long been beyond their reach. "I say that black power without green pow­ a graduate of Dunbar High School, Mr. er and brainpower is no power." Holmes attended the Howard University There are now some 90 OIC centers School of Engineering and the Hampton throughout the country, from Montgomery, FINDING THEm WAY Institute as a cadet in the U.S. Air Force. He Ala., to Seattle, Wash., and San Jose, Calif., The kind of people who came to Dr. is presently enrolled in the George Washing­ to Roanoke, Va. Sullivan's training center might have dis­ ton University Graduate School of Business La.st year alone, 20,000 men and women, couraged a lesser man. Some could not find and Public Administration. generally untrained and unschooled, and their way on a bus or read or write. He He and his wife, the former Miss Louise mostly black, went through OIC training. taught them reading and writing but called Tyler, have five daughters. They now hold jobs in a wide range of skills. it communication and computation so they Many would still be in menial jobs-or on would not be ashamed. Men who hatl been welfare-except for this opportunity to bet­ lifting garbage cans found they could adapt ter themselves. to a la.the machine. Women domestics be­ OPENING DOORS TO OPPORTUNITY It is estimated that these people, and came skilled keypunch opera.tors. others who have gone through ore before Racial tensions ebbed and flowed in the them, have added $40 million in new income City of Brotherly Love, but Leon Sullivan HON. WILLIAM L. SPRINGER to the national economy and, just as im­ kept urging: "Build, brother, build; not OF U.LINOIS portantly, have reduced by $10 million the burn, baby, burn." More and more of his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES annual cost of welfare and other assistance people trained and more and more of them to cities, states and the federal government. got jobs. In Philadelphia alone almost 10,000 Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Most men would be satisfied with such ha.ve been trained a.nd placed in useful, re­ Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, the Rev­ an accomplishment. Not Leon Sullivan, a warding employment. erend Leon H. Sullivan is the successor product of extreme West Virginia poverty Dr. Sullivan is not content to take on one to Martin Luther King. No black in who thrives on setbacks and challenge. He project and rest on his laurels. Rest is not told NATION'S BUSINESS: in his lexicon a.nd the 47-year-old pastor is America has had the impact of Reverend "We now have about 35,000 people in OIC constantly on the search for new ways to Sullivan. He has the same constructive training around the country. My aim is uplift his race. approach and is proving it today in Phil­ 100,000 in a year and by 1980 I hope we will At about the time the OIC program was adelphia and all over the country where have trained two million in all." catching hold, Dr. Sullivan decided to take April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10691 another bold step. this one into the world The latter assumed the visit was necessary ness needed workers. It was a question of of business investment. To his 5,000 parish­ to clear up some points in the report. Dr. putting the two ingredients together, but on ioners one Sunday he announced the start Sullivan peppered him with questions. Mr. a much grander sea.le. of the 10-36 Plan. He asked for 50 members Sallard was completely unaware that he "I decided, then, to organize a national of the congregation each to put up $10 a actually was being interviewed to head up advisory council composed of the top indus­ month for 36 months-about the price of the nation's first black-managed aerospace trial leaders of America," Dr. Sullivan re· a good television set--to launch an invest­ company. members. "And I set my sights at the very ment cooperative program. Not long afterward another of Leon Sul­ top." "At that time there was not a single livan's dreams began to take shape and Pro­ He did not have to go far. The Scott Paper apartment building of any size, worthy of gress Aerospace Enterprises, Inc., a maker of Co. is headquartered in nearby Chester, Pa., the name, which l. as owned by black people parts and components in the aerospace field, and there he put his proposition to Thomas in all Philadelphia,•' he recalls. was established. True, it had no money, no McCabe, then chairman of the board. There also was not a single shopping cen­ plant, no equipment, and only one em­ "If anyone could reach the top executive ter, factory or bank developed or owned by ployee-Ben Sallard. industrial leadership it was Mr. McCabe,'' Negroes. But Dr. Sullivan had been busy behind the Dr. Sullivan wrote in his autobiography, Instead of 50 volunteers Dr. Sullivan got scenes and soon this was corrected-with a "Build, Brother, Build." 200. That was in 1962. By 1965 there were $2,575,000 contract from General Electric. Mr. McCabe agreed to help and soon was 400 participants. Today, there are 6,000, in­ GE's involvement was visible all over the on the telephone calling his friends, some of cluding outside contributors. place. As Mr. Morton was to say later: the biggest names in American industry. The In 1964, the 10-36 Plan bought a $75,000 "PAE must succeed; it's already taken a late Gerald Phillippe, board chairman of apartment building. A year later ground half-dozen of our best people, and the ones General Electric, would serve as chairman of was broken for a million-dollar garden Rev. Sullivan couldn't hire are working for OIC's National Industrial Advisory Council. apartment complex, the first of its kind PAE as consultants." Joining him were William M. Allen, presi­ and size developed and owned by black peo­ Soon there were ot her contracts, from Boe­ dent of Boeing; Joseph A. Dallas, vice presi­ ple in Philadelphia's history. There soon ing, Philco-Ford, Westinghouse and the Nir dent of Du Pont; John T. Dorrance, chair­ were 400 people on the waiting list to move tional Aeronautics and Space Administra­ man of the board of the Campbell Soup Co., in. tion. Another Sullivan enterprise bad been and many others. In 1967, work began on a $2 million shop­ successfully lifted off the launching pad. In February, 1968, the council gathered in ping center called Progress Plaza. It now Philadelphia for its initial meeting. One has 10 stores owned by black entrepreneurs. CLOTHES-MAKING, TOO newspaper called it "the most formidable and Because the project was a gamble, and to At about the time Dr. Sullivan was scurry­ influential group of business leaders as­ give it stability, six large establishments were ing around to get PAE organized and pro­ sembled in the recent history of Philadelphia, invited to "anchor" the $1.3 million mort­ ductive he was engineering the birth of still at one place at one time." gage. another project, Progress Garment Manufac­ George Champion, former board chair­ Two banks, a. Bell Telephone office, a Mar­ turing Enterprises. man of the Chase Manhattan Bank and a riott restaurant, a Florsheim shoe store and Working closely with the International strong supporter of OIC, said: "This is the a.n A&P supermarket are doing business in Ladies' Garment Workers Union and the most extraordinary and exciting program Progress Plaza t.oday. Villager Oorp., one of America's largest mak­ I have ever seen. The business community of All are managed by Negroes. ers of women's garments, and with the help America must help it to succeed." "When the A&P food store chain signed a of the Singer Corp., he was able to announce And J. Paul Austin, president of Coca-Cola, million-dollar 20-year lease it was the largest in August, 1968, the opening of Philadel­ exclaimed, "It ought to be duplicated across agreement ever made with a black group in phia's first Negro-owned-and-operated gar· America." the history of America," according to Dr. ment factory. By the end of the year it was AFIRE WITH SELF-BESPECT Sullivan. producing clothing, appropriately labeled President Lyndon Johnson toured the "Ten Thirty-Six Fashions." Philadelphia OIC facilities in June, 1967, MOBE PROGllESS AT THE PLAZA One of Progress Garment's major pur· Things were really happening. The Ford and talked with many trainees. As he was chasers today is Sears, Roebuck & Co. Of leaving he said: Foundation gave the Zion Nonprofit Chari­ this arrangement Dr. Sullivan says: "What I have seen is not just a. training table Trust (as the 10-36 Plan was legally "Mr. [Arthur] Wood, the president of Sears named) a $400,000 grant to build an Entre­ bas become one of my strongest supporters. program. I have seen men and women whose preneurial Training Center at Progress Plaza. He has ta.ken a personal interest in what we self-respect is beginning to burn inside them Operating day and night, the school has are trying to accomplish and he has become like a flame ... turned out hundreds of black managers and a close friend!' OIC, conceived as a means of helping entrepreneurs for Philadelphia. Though perseverance and prayer have had Philadelphia's disadvantaged blacks, draws Later, another Ford grant helped set up a a lot to do with Dr. Sullivan's success, many neither a geographical nor a color line to­ National Economic Developmental Center of his ideas would have died aborning with­ day. Some 80 per cent of the trainees in San which trains Afro-American economic devel­ out funds. There have been grants from Jose, Calif., are Mexican-Americans. Sixty opers for other cities around the country. foundations and outright gifts of cash but. per cent of those in Roanoke, Va., a.re white. One spring day in 1968 Dr. Sullivan put in in the end, the federal governmnt has put Many Indians attend OIC training in a phone ca.II to Mark Morton, vice president up the big money. Oklahoma City. A new center is planned in and general manager of General Electric's OIC's budget across the country amounted Kentucky's hill country for poor whites. huge Missile and Space Division at Valley to $23 milllon in 1969 with a substantial por­ New jobs and new outlooks replace despair Forge, Pa. He casually invited him to break­ tion of this coming from the Office of Eco­ for most men and women who move through fast. The two men had come to know each nomic Opportunity and the Departments of OIC training. One man's experience, al­ other when the Negro pastor was scroung­ Labor and Health, Education and Welfare. though not typical, tells the story. ing around for equipment for his OIC oper­ To achieve Dr. SUlllvan's goal of 100,000 "He came into my basement office in the ation. trainees a year in 010 centers will, he says, church one day,'' Dr. Sullivan recalls. "He Over coffee and toast Dr. sumvan asked Mr. require an outlay in the neighborhood of was not long out of jail-15 years for grand Morton: "What do you need to stairt an $300 million. Dr. Su111van is confident OIC. larceny. He had tried to get a job but his aerospace company?" The GE executive al­ which is now being run by a professional prison record was against him. All he wanted ready was aware of his host's go-for-broke staff but which still gets plenty of its from me was a handout. · approach but this one took him slightly founder's.time, will receive the money. Ulti­ "I gave him a dollar a.nd said, 'This won't aback. He said he would have an answer in a mately, he thinks, ore will become the major last you long. What you need is a job.' I week. component of technical training in this encouraged him to try ore. At their next meeting Dr. Sullivan hung country. "One of the biggest industries in Phila­ on every word as Mr. Morton spelled out the From the taxpayer's standpoint the gov­ delphia took a chance on him after he com­ complexities of launching an aerospace firm ernment's contribution to OIC manpower pleted bis training as a machinist. That was from scratch. Finally. he a.sked, "But where training is a sound investment. Dr. Sullivan more than three years ago. Today, he is a do I get a guy to run it? And what must he can show that OIC will train a worker for foreman an.d a respected man in. the com· know? Just give me the qua.li:fications and $1,300 on an average, or about one-third munity." I'll find the ma.n." what the federal government normally pays Many other Americans have gained re­ Mr. Morton put his staff to work to draw in this area. spect through Dr. Sull1van's efforts coupled up the qualifications that an aerospace com­ GOING NATIONAL with their own. And Dr. Sullivan hopes the pany manager should possess. Among the As more and more centers began operations stol'y will be repeated among non-Ameri· staffers was Benjamin W. Sallard, 39, a high­ Dr. Sullivan rea.lized he no longer could deal cans, too. ly-ta.J.ented production manager with a with the business community on a city by He is trying to get similar job training promising career at GB. Mr. SaJ.1ard ts a city basis. He would have to involve indus· programs for the unskilled started abroad, Negro. try on a national sea.le. and already the governments of Kenya, Shortly after receiving the GE staff study. The basic goals had not changed, however. Ethiopia, Algeria and the Dominican Repulr Dr. SUllivan in.vited Mr. Salla.rd to his home. People needed jobs, and industry and busi• lie have asked him to help them do so.

. 10692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April, 7, 1970 NEW JOBLESS: THE HIGHLY PAID ment of the space program, and a slackening and cutting expenditures for everything but OUT ON THE STREETS of orders for civilian aircraft hit the indus­ necessities while they search for work. try all a.t once. "It's very difficult to relocate people," says Commercial aircraft development, and an employment agency executive. "Their kids HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. subcontracting jobs for military contracts are in school, they have 5% loans on their OF CALIFORNIA are expected to put some people back to homes, and they like living in California. work in Southern California. But industry People don't want to pick up and move. They IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sources agree that these improvements won't don't want to face an 8.5 % or 9 % loan for Tuesday, April 7, 1970 offset recent cutbacks, at least in the near a home somewhere else. Many of them say future. the cities in the East are too crowded and Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, one Even for workers who are willing to leave uncomfortable." of the major problems now besetting the state for another aerospace job, the pic­ Some aerospace workers are getting jobs in hundreds of thousands of Americans is ture is gloomy. Boeing Co., Seattle, has laid the computer and computer peripheral the effect that defense and aerospace off 12,000 in the Puget Sound area, plus equipment industries, reports Leo May, tech­ reductions are having on their jobs. My 3,000 elsewhere. Since Jan. 1, Grumman nical manager at VIP Agency, Inc., Los An­ Corp., Bethpage, N.Y., has been planning to geles. congressional district in southern Cali­ trim its 32,500-man work force to 27,500 by is "People who can qualify, such as circuit fornia, composed of thousands of these the end of the year. About 8,000 employes designers, can make the transition," he dedicated Americans. An article pub­ at the Ft. Worth, Tex., and Pomona plants said. lished in the March 19 issue of the Los of General Dynamics Corp. lost their jobs Jobs are also available at firms making Angeles Times contains an excellent in a cutback that started in mid-1969. electronic components-semiconductors and summary of the effect that these cut­ The British government reports a huge integrated circuits-but the positions usual­ backs have had on one engineer. I be­ upsurge in applications from aerospace engi­ ly require moving from Southern California, neers who emigrated to the United States May said. lieve that his story is typical of many of during the "brain drain" of the past decade. these people who now find themselves un­ Applications at VIP, which specializes in "Sure, I'll pick up and move in a minute professional and technical people, a.re up employed as a result of these cutbacks. if somebody offered me a decent job," says 50% in four months. Their story is important and I believe a $20,000-a-year administrator laid off by "There's a tremendous pool of skills avail­ that this article should be read by all of North American Rockwell Corp., El Segundo, able," says May. "People being laid off now my colleagues here in the House: in February. The company dismissed 17,000 are very good men. But it's really tough to workers last year, and another 5,000 will be move them into jobs outside the aerospace NEW JOBLESS: THE HIGHLY PAID OUT ON jobless by April 1. About 30 % of the jobless STREETS industry. are engineers, and 10% a.re managers. "It's easy to convince an out-of-work en­ (By Robert A. Rosenblatt) LEAVING INDUSTRY gineer to go to a nonaerospace company. But What happens when your income dl·ops The former administrator says, "I would often, it's hard to convince the commercial from $327 a. week to $65? be willing to take a pay cut to $16,000 or company to take him. Aerospace pays a high "We eat hamburgers and chili beans," says $18,000 a year, but nobody is offering any dollar." A.O., a 57-year-old engineer with a master's work." MANY OVERTRAINED degree who hasn't worked since October. He's ready to leave the industry. "I was Marge Selman, an employment agency "My wife and I changed functions. She going to lease some land and run a boarding president, says, "Normally we have any num­ goes to work every day. I stay home and take stable for horses, but the property didn't ber of positions open with salaries between care of the house and the children." become available." He also applied unsuc­ $17,000 and $25,000. Today we have all the For A.G. and thousands of others, the cessfully for jobs managing a resort and qualified candidates and not many posi­ aerospace industry cutback ls a full-scale working on industrial development for a tions." depression. Hired two years ago, he was la.id Chamber of Commerce. High salaries and narrow job skills make off by McDonnell Douglas Corp., a. St. Louis­ One engineer is running a gas station, many aerospace personnel virtually unsuit­ based firm that dismissed 15,000 Southern another writes for a financial magazine, and able for other technical jobs. California workers in 1969. several have taken civilian jobs in South "We got 400 responses to a simple, blind During 13 years in the industry, A.O. Vietnam. ad for a junior industrial engineer," says an worked a.t four companies on a. variety of Three of every five aerospace people executive with a large Southern California missile and space program jobs. He was trans· applying to one Los Angeles-based employ­ company outside the aerospace field. "It was ferred to Houston once during a.n economy ment agency are asking for jobs outside the a case of generals applying to do a private's move but never was laid off. industry. work. They were overtrained and overpaid Now he's out on the street and desperately "Hundreds of them want to be salesmen in for the job we have in mind." He hasn't looking for work. the engineering :field or handling technical hired anyone yet. NEW ECONOMIC PHENOMENON products," said one job counselor. "They feel A. G. is caught in this dilemma. He has A. G. is pa.rt of a new phenomenon in it's a chance to get big money and have more worked on ultra-sophisticated missiles and the post-World War II economy-the sud­ job security.'' moon shot equipment, wrestling with the denly growing ranks of the highly educated, But, he warns, "These jobs aren't so easy to problem of shielding the communications highly pa.id who have lost their jobs. get. A man has to have the right background system from electromagnetic interference Layoffs traditionally hit the man carrying and personality to be a good salesman." (radio waves, atmospheric problems or sig­ a lunch pail, not the man with a briefcase. Many unemployed professionals are job nals from another part of the system) . However, American industry's groWing so­ hunting in government agencies at the state "I worked damned hard to build up my phistication produced a highly educated, and city levels. Others are signing up for knowledge and to give my family a good professional work force. Modern companies federal civil service examinations. standard of living," he says bitterly. "Now have an ever growing number of white col­ "My main interests now are job security nobody wants me. All I ever get is moral lar jobs. When layoffs come, they hit large and a decent wage even if it's not as much as encouragement. Employers say they are im­ numbers of these employes. I was getting before," says a former contract pressed with my credentials, but they won't A. G.'s income is $65 a week in unemploy­ planner at North American Rockwell. give me a job." ment insurance benefits, and he is near­ He has applied for management jobs at "I'm tired and nervous, and I just don't ing the end of the eligibility period. the Post Office, the Internal Revenue Service know where to turn." Letters and resumes to more than 100 and the Los Angeles County Engineering HARD ROW TO HOE companies as far a.way as South Africa, and Department. 8,000 miles of car trips a.round California, Aerospace firms are holding job fairs, A. G. is barely coping with economic haven't produced a job. where representatives of businesses ranging slump. His wife formerly worked part-time when the family wanted something special A CHANGED HIRING SCENE from computer manufacturing to grocery re­ tailing can pick up packages of resumes and like an expensive vacation. Since A. 0. lost The boom and bust aerospace industry is get a line on the skills now available. his job, she works full time as a clerk and deep in a down part of the business cycle Hiring has been spotty, with no trends ap­ typist, contributing her full salary to help with little relief in sight. In prevlous slack parent on how aerospace professionals will pay for food and meet monthly mortgage times, layoffs at one company were balanced be absorbed into the economy. expenses. by hiring somewhere else. In aerospace itself, some hiring is going on, Their savings are gone and A. G. says, "I "People could move from one job to to take ca.re of normal attrition but the new just don't know what I'll do when the un­ another and keep their homes and families jobs are mostly restricted to specialties such employment checks stop coming. We barely in the same area," recalls Frank Smith, di­ as structural engineers. pay all the basic bills now." rector of industrial relations at Northrop "I'll go anywhere to get a job. You can't Corp., Beverly Hills, which has sliced 1,600 Tms TO SOUTHLAND imagine how ba.d it is until something like workers from its West Coast payrolls this An exodus from the southern California this happens to you. You lose all your dignity year. area has not yet begun. Most of the un­ and pride as an intelligent person." A slimmed down defense budget, curtail- employed are going through their savings The vice president of a small consumer- April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10693 oriented electronics firm says he's sorry to Here are some of the things he is doing: "The issues involved in desegregating see so many jobless engineers, but insists 1. The Nixon-proposed family assistance schools, reducing racial isolation and provid­ they can't help his company. program, which is a significant stride toward ing equal educational opportunity are not "We aren't shooting off any spaceships a guaranteed annual income, goes further to simple," Mr. Nixon said in his statement on here. These guys worked on magnificent proj­ reduce poverty than anything undertaken in schools Tuesday. ects. We need nuts and bolts people. People the most innovative yea.rs of the New Deal. " . .. Our continuing search, therefore, from aerospace won't fit in here." It will be passed by Congress this year, and must be not for the perfect set of answers, Ka.ye Kiddo, corporate manpower admin­ it will be the capstone of the Nixon record. but for the most nearly perfect and t he most istrator at Lockheed Aircraft Corp., Bur­ Few realize that its early effect, t ogether construct! ve." bank, is very worried a.bout the industry's with food stamp assistance, will be to lift We believe that the President has pre­ attraction for young people. some 7,000,000 low-income people above the sented a program for action which is, on the "Each time we go through one of these official poverty-level of $3,400 yearly for a. whole, the most construct ive possible at this convulsions, the image of the industry a.s a family of four. time. good place to work tarnishes a little. Enroll­ This is an antipoverty measure with a If the President's proposals are followed ment in the engineering schools goes down, sweep. It extends financial assistance to in full b y his Administration, the courts, and the brighter kids go into other profes­ about 12,000,000 more than now covered. It Congress and local school boards, the coun­ sions." requires recipents to take job-training pro­ try will have put itself on a sound footing for grams and go to work where work is avail­ making real progress toward bot h racial able. It provides an incentive to get off wel­ equality and better education. NIXON AND THE POOR fare by enabling recipients to earn more while Mr. Nixon's program is, to be sure, a com­ graduated reductions in welfare payments promise. But it represents the most in the take place. way of movement toward school desegrega­ 2. Richard Nixon is asking Congress to guar­ tion that most Americans will support now. HON. JOHN KYL With popular assent, significant and steady OF IOWA antee that the children of poor parents get the means to have a college education. "No progress can be ma.de; without the backing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES qualified student who wants to go to col­ of public opinion, progress would be more Tuesday, April 7, 1970 lege," he says, "should be barred by la.ck of doubtful. money. That has long been a great American It would be a mistake to suppose that this Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, Richard Nixon goal. I propose that we achieve it now." program, if carried out, would be a retreM is increasingly being seen as a President 3. At the same time the President is press­ on the matter of school desegregation. whose actions speak louder, and more ing Congress to take further steps so that On the contrary, it represents an advance convincingly, than the words of his ownership of public housing can be more in several respects : critics. In a perceptive column entitled easily attained by low-income people. Rents Mr. Nixon has stated unequivocally that "Nixon and the Poor," Roscoe Drum­ are to be cut, and no down payments for his Administration will move against all federal housing administration loans are to de jure segregation, North and South-seg­ mond explains how the President "is say­ be required. regation imposed or abetted by government ing less and doing more to remove the 4. Mr. Nixon is not waiting for the end power. blight of poverty in the United States of the fighting in Vietnam to cut military Racial balance in teacher assignments than his predecessors." spending so that more money can be avail· must be achieved in all school districts. The column enunciates six areas, en­ able for acute domestic needs. The defense School administrators in all parts of the compassing family assistance, education, part of the federal budget is lower today country must remove all vestiges of dis­ housing, and spending on social pro­ than at any time since 1951. More than 40 crimination in educational quality-things, grams where the President's leadership percent of the total '71 budget now goes to like class sizes, length of session, textbooks, is promising relief and hope to poverty­ social programs and the human resources buildings. stricken citizens in the United States. I percentage of the budget is 21 percent higher The President has asked Congress for $500 than 1969. million in the coming year and $1 billion commend this column to the attention 5. The President's revenue-sharing plan ls in the next to help school systems under of my colleagues: designed not alone to decentralize govern­ court order to desegregate, to give special NIXON AND THE PooR ment but to help the states provide more aid to inferior segregated schools, and to (By Roscoe Drummond) adequate social services. finance innovative techniques for bringing WASHINGTON .-Don't try to pin a cliche­ 6. President Nixon isn't stopping here. At children together for interracial experiences: la.bel on Richard Nixon. It won't stick. his direction the Office of Economic Oppor­ School boards will be encouraged to de­ He displeases the extreme right. He in­ tunity will devote itself primarily to inno­ vise effective desegregation policies. furiates the extreme left. And he makes it vating and testing new programs to reduce Mr. Nixon again stated his opposition poverty so that they can be proved out before to massive busing to achieve desegregation impossible for either conservatives or lib­ applied on a larger scale. erals to decide whether he is really their and to imposition of strict formulas for man. There is no thundering rhetoric from the achieving racial balance, although a school He isn't. He is a mixture of both and a White House on a "war against poverty," but district could integrate by using if it de­ captive of neither. His actions a.re a mixture it is already evident that action is exceed­ sired. Where segregation is truly de facto--.:.. of both, and on balance they defy all the ing promises. the result of residential housing patterns old-style political labels. only-the President would not take govern­ It isn't deliberate. It's the way Richard mental action to desegregate schools. Nixon as a person thinks and acts. He sim­ We in Los Angeles should not suppose, ply doesn •t measure his policies or his ao­ NIXON ON SCHOOLS however, that because the President opposed tions with the yardstick of liberal or con­ massive busing and singled out Superior servative, political right or politic:a.J. left. Judge Alfred Gitelson's decision here as Obviously there are numerous Nixon ac­ HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE "probably the most extreme judicial decrP.e tions which please conservatives. 01' OHIO so far," we can return in forgetfulness to the There is his priority goal of holding in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES old ways. flation, his determination to cut spending to For the President, like the courts, said that keep a balanced budget after so many years Tuesday, April 7, 1970 a school board's good faith toward desegre­ of deficit spending, his plans to decentralize gation is an essential; and both President government, his tougher line on crime and Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, from all and courts have been unequivocal a.bout violence. parts of the Nation and from all seg­ eliminating de facto segregation. Judge Git­ But just when the politicians or the colum­ ments of the press have come words elson presented impressive evidence to show nists think they have got the President neatly of praise for the President's recent state­ that in Los Angeles the school board was ticketed, he embarks on a series of measures ment on school desegregation. guilty of both bad faith and de facto seg­ which fit quite a different label-if any at Typical is one from the liberal Los regation. If applied to Los Angeles, the Presi­ all. dent's proposals would probably bring about Central to so much the President is doing Angeles Times which calls the Presi­ some significant changes, at least in district is the issue of poverty, the end of which he dent's program "the most constructive boundaries and teacher assignments. sees as the key to racial justice, better edu­ possible at this time.'' The important word here, as throughout cation, better housing. Attached is the entire editorial from the President's program, is "if." Mr. Nixon This ls why Mr. Nixon ls not neglecting that paper, of March 23. I commend it left some aspects of his proposal vague. But the poor. to my colleagues: if he carries out in full the intentions he This ls why the first activist Republican expressed, the nation will have, The Times President since Teddy Roosevelt is saying PRESIDENT'S SCHOOL PLA.N SoUND believes, a reasonable program of action less and doing more to remove the blight of Issue: What are the consequences, for Los toward both school desegregation and bet­ poverty in the United States than his prede­ Angeles and the country, of the President's ter education which all Americans can. and cessors. school desegregat ion statement? should, support. 10694 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 OEO TRAINING PROGRAMS own her home. And thanks to a combination article that outlines exactly how easy of programs for the poor, her notes will run the present form is to use and under­ only $19 a month. HON. HENRY P. SMITH III It ls a case of the poor housing the poor. stand. The article follows: OF NEW YORK OCAP's Low Income Housing Program, the [From the New York Times, Apr. 5, 1970) only one of its kind, operates under a $100,- TAX FORM: PROBLEMS START ON LINE 15b IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 000-a-year budget from OEO and local It was bound to happen. The new tax re­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 sources. It trains poverty-level men in build­ ing trades, pays them $1.60 an hour while turn--designed to make the annual tax chore Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, they learn, then sells the houses the trainees simpler-has, at least at the outset, caused a recent article in the Washington Post build to the poor. some problems. · describes an OEO-supported community The problems appear to begin on line 15b LABOR DONATED of Form 1040-the form all taxpayers must action agency in Alabama that has Buyers pn.y only for materials-an average use this year. (The card form familiar to adopted a novel approach to the problem of $6,000 per house-and the minimal price low-income taxpayers has been eliminated.) of inadequate housing for the poor. of rural land. The labor, worth roughly $4,- Many taxpayers who have already filed, The organized community action pro­ 000 on the local market, is donated. have noted their deduction and exemption gram-OCAP-of Pike, Bullock, and FHA provides special 33-year loans, and total on line 15b of the new form, which Coffee Counties trains poverty-level men mortgage payments are subsidized under a is a mistake. in the building trades. While in train­ federal program that gears assistance to the The mistake is a natural one since this is ing, these men actually construct homes recipient's income and family size. the only one that seems to offer a place to which are then sold to the poor. The Low Inoome Housing Director Floyd L. set down this total on Form 1040. However, Andrews, a former teacher who can discuss this total is not noted on Form 1040. It ls buyers of the homes pay only for the construction with the familiarity of a con­ listed on Schedule T; which may or may not materials used in the construction and tractor, does not claim that the LIH pilot become part of the tax return, depending are aided through special FHA loans. project offers a universal solution to the on the taxpayer's circumstances. Of course all vocational programs offer housing shortage. Other approaches may be In cases where the taxpayer need not file the advantage of job training and the more practical in other communities, he said. Schedule T, he nevertheless uses it to work possibility of moving up the ladder. This Another pilot program called "sweat out his total tax. In the process, he puts total particular program has the added advan­ equity," in which the recipients themselves deductions on the Schedule T work sheet} build the houses, is receiving much atten­ on line 2 and his exemptions (times $600) tage of providing new homes for poor tion in poor rural areas like Greene County, residents of the three-county area. on line 4. Ala. But "sweat equity," Andrews observed, The figure he derives as his total tax on What is equally interesting to those of requires several families to be free to work us concerned with the plight of the poor on each other's homes over an extended Schedule T will appear at line 18 and the periOd. total is then transferred to his Form 1040, and their housing needs is that the local also at line 18. And in a large city, neither it nor the community action agency has been ex­ Line 15b of Form 1040 ls used to show perimenting with prefabrication, a form trainee-built homes may offer a practical solution. something entirely different. The figure of construction which could have a PREFABRICATED HOUSING shown there should include deductible sick major impact on the housing crisis in pay, moving expenses, employe business ex­ general. But the local OCAP program has been ex­ penses and payments to retirement plans by perimenting successfully with a form of con­ the self-employed. This case of the poor housing the poor struction that ls expected in the next few is a fine example of how the projects of years to have a major impact on the housing The total for these items is subtracted in the Office of Economic Opportunity can industry: prefabrication. figuring adjusted gross income, which is the figure used to determine the limitation on teach the poor to help themselves and Low Income Housing trainees have built some frame and some cinder block houses, deductible medical expense and the tax­ each other. It also shows how a little payer's limit on charitable deductions. imagination can be used to double the but all of the recent ones have been ma­ sonlte-walled Kingsberry Homes hauled in As a result of the erroneous handling of effectiveness of our job training pro­ deductions and exemptions on line 15b, er­ this to by truck. Roof and exterior walls go up in a grams. For reason, I would like day, although the prefab houses require rors in the computation of medical expenses place in the RECORD the Post article about as much interior finish work as a con­ and possible charitable contributions may which discusses this very worthwhile pro­ ventional house. Finishing includes wood have incurred. gram: paneled walls, a wall furnace, and modern If you have made this mistake, you may OEO PROGRAMS PROVIDE HOUSING, BUILDING kitchen and bath. :follow one of two possible avenues. You may TRADES TRAINING LIH gets higher marks for.. building houses pick up at the district tax office an amended form numbered 1040X, or you can wait for (By Bruce Galphin) than for training builders. Of 36 trainees sur­ veyed after more than a year of operation, the Government to pick up the error and let SMUTEYE, ALA.-Moving around in Pearl only about half were working in the building Uncle Sam make the adjustment. Cox's cabin is a bit like running an obstacle trades. There are other areas that deserve particu­ course. Bedding and belongings of Mrs. Cox Eight could no longer be located, and eight lar attention before the April 15 deadline. and her husband, daughter and seven grand­ others had taken different kinds of Jobs. Just a couple of weeks ago, for example, children fill the two-bedroom home. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Patches cover only some of the holes in Two were physically unable to work, and one was in prison. The highest wage any re­ Policy, Edward Cohen, noted that there were the walls and floor. As a final sign of hos­ ported was $2 .15 an hour. problems with the retirement income credit t111ty, the sagging, unpainted wood dwelling to which an estimated 2 mlllion taxpayers has a low porch roof that cracks the head But 28 houses have been built in the first year and a half of operation, and work soon are entitled. of an unwary visitor. The complexity of this feature of the tax But what most bothers Mrs. Cox, an el­ will get under way on another 10. All are occupied or spoken for, and each represents law has always posed problems and Mr. derly, frail woman, is the fact that there are Cohen estimates that perhaps a third of the no closets. Clothes must be hung on nails in a dramatic upgrading in housing standards for the new owners. people entitled to claim the credit had lost the wall. out because they found it too difficult to deal All that ls about to change. Any day now, with. the whole family will move down the road The new tax kit contains a special Sched­ here in rural Bullock County a few miles ule R, which may help this year, although north of Troy to a new three-bedroom house. TAXPAYERS: A TRYING SIMPLICITY a wag notes that it is providential that those "The closets alone be worth it," says Mrs. who claim the credit are retired and thus Cox. have the time to devote to the matter. DAUGHTER'S HOUSE HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE Here's a rundown on how to claim the The prefabricated house actually will be­ OF MISSOURI credit prepared by the Research Institute of long to Mrs. Cox's daughter, Mattie Lee IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America. Rodgers, whose job at a cotton mill is the First, on Schedule T, enter on line 6 the family's principal source of income. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 regular tax (without the surcharge) com­ Given the size of the family she supports, Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, we have puted on the taxable income shown at line Mrs. Rodgers ls officially poor under the OEO all seen the TV program which asked 5. Next, on Schedule R, enter the regular tax poverty index. She could have no hope of computed on Schedule T. Then fill out buying a house under conventional financ­ "Gee, what can I complain about now to Schedule R to determine the tentative retire­ ing methods. the IRS?" The tax returns have been ment credit as limited by the regular tax But under an experimental project of the simplified so that if you learned how to minus foreign tax credit or credit for tax Pike-Bullock-Coffee County Organized Com­ file one last year, you will not know this free covenant bonds. The tentative credit ls munity Action Program, Mrs. ROdgers will year. The New York Times carried an entered on Line 12. April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10695

TENTATIVE CBEI>h' from the old home than the old work loca­ bers to come up with a master plan for fu• tion is from the old home. ture developing. In May, 1961, they did so. Then, back to Schedule T. Enter on line Graduate education and research were to 7, the tentative credit worked out on Sched­ This seems confusing to be sure. But if you add up the mileages in your own cir­ be emphasized, especially in engineering and ule R. This reduces the regular tax in order the sciences, where substantial federal funds to arrive a.t the 10 per cent surcharge on line cumstances it will become immediately clear whether you qualify. were beginning to become available. 9. Back to Schedule R. F aculty salaries would be increased, to at­ Enter the surcharge on line 13 a.nd com­ For example, if the distance between your old residence and former job is seven miles, tract and hold good people. There would be pute the correct final retirement income new graduate schools of business adminis­ credit limited by the full ta.x (regular plu.. then location of your new job must be at least 27 miles from your old residence. trat ion, public administration and interna­ surcharge) . tional affairs and the existing graduate Finally, back to Schedule T. Enter on line The other test concerns time. To deduct unreimbursed moving expenses-reimbursed schools of education and engineering would 11 the correct retirement income credit. be upgraded sharply. These steps may seem confusing and per­ moving expenses are of course non-deduct­ ible--you must be employed full time at the Students ·were to be drawn from a wider haps they are, but they will help the tax­ geographical area (until the mid 1950s more payer get the highest possible retirement new job location or in the general vicinity for 39 weeks during the 12 months following the than 70 % ca.me from Los Angeles) ; more credit while the surcharge is in effect. would be full-time students, living on or Taxpayers who reached 72 or were older last move. near campus. year please note: for you, earned income Nine years later, a short time in the life wlll not reduce the maximum sum subject of a university, most of these goals have been to the credit. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALI­ reached. If you have rental income, don't neglect FORNIA TAKES GIANT STRIDES . "We are now at a point where we have only it in the retirement income credit calcula­ 'CJNDER TOPPING some ·tag ends of the master plan to gather tion. It is one of the specified types of re­ up," Dr. Topping said. tirement income eligible for the credit. These are some of the major accomplish­ Even though income averaging offers an HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS ments: important way to save taxes, many taxpayers OF CALIFORNIA More than $60 million worth of new build­ are reluctant to use it. They are worried IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ings have been constructed, including the about the possibility that the revenue a.gent von KleinSmid Center for International and will get involved in an examination of pa.st Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Public Affairs and the Frank R. Seaver Cen­ returns in the so-called "base yea.rs." ter for solid state sciences. This fear appears to be unfounded. Sidney Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, because ONE ''B'' RATING Kess, partner of Ma.in La.frentz & Co., regu­ of my personal association with the Uni­ larly talks to certified public accountants versity of Southern California, and the Faculty salaries have risen to the point and lawyers regarding taxes in connnection fact that it is located in the heart of my where USC is rated "A" or better in all but with tax refresher courses he gives for the district, I have followed with keen in­ one professorial rank by the American Assn. American Institute of Certified Public Ac­ of University Professors. Only in the rank of terest its activities and role in our com­ full professor does USC draw a "B" rating countants and for the Practicing Law Insti­ munity. The university's impressive ac­ tute. from AAUP. Thousands of these men who annually file complishments under the guidance of Dr. Graduate enrollment has been increased over half a million returns for clients report Norman Topping are effectively deline­ to about 65 % of the university's overall en­ that a.gents almost never look at the earlier ated in the acompany.ing article from the rollment of about 20,000. returns when a taxpayer averages. Los Angeles Times under the byline of Research support from the federal govern­ Averaging works for the man who sud­ William Trombley. I am proud to insert ment has increased from $2 m1llion to $28 denly moves up in the world-the interne or million in 10 years. it in the RECORD for the attention and Ea.ch yea.r's freshman class is brighter tha.n resident who goes into private practice; the edification of my colleagues: returning veteran; the actor who has starved the last, as measured by test scores, and rep­ then appears in a smash hit and becomes im­ [From the Los Angeles Times, Apr. 5, 1970] resents a wide range, economically, geograph­ ically and racially. portant. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA TAKES If a man's wife goes back to work when GIANT STRIDES UNDER TOPPING Most of this could not have been done without Topping's accomplishments as a the children are grown, the couple may be­ (By William Trombley) come a. candidate for averaging due to this fund raiser. Several weeks before the University of "Without Dr. Topping I think there's a quantum jump in income. Southern California won its 12th Rose Bowl Roughly, a. taxpayer who earns more by a. very serious question whether this university game last Jan. 1 the institution received an could even have continued in existence," said third in a. single year than he averaged over honor many of its officials prize much more-­ the previous four years may save taxes by Dorothy W. Nelson, dean of the law school. election to the prestigious Assn. of Ameri­ USC has raised more than $155 million averaging. can Universities. Since taxpayers who are even more suc­ since the master plan was announced in 1961. This association includes the nation's Endowment is still low in comparison with cessful in succeeding years are permitted to most powerful universities, public and pri­ other large private universities but has quad­ average a.gain and again, they should check vate, and selection was regarded by USC rupled-to about $35 million-during Top­ this consideration with each passing year. administrators as recognition of success in ping's presidency. IMPORTANT VARIATION the long, hard struggle to attain academic Although the annual operating budget has Here is an important variation on the excellence. increased from $18.6 million 11 years ago to averaging concept. If man a.nd wife both No one had a better right to be pleased $80 million in the current year, USC is "the­ have incomes and the two incomes a.re that Dr. Norman Topping, who in 12 years only major university in the United States roughly equal until 1969 when one or the as USC president has built a financially not to have run a deficit in any year," ac­ other strikes it rich, the averaging process threadbare and academically undistinguished cording to Carl Franklin, vice president for should be figured on both a joint and sep­ institution into a first-rate university. business and finance. arate return basis. When Topping took over in September, Two grants from the Ford Foundation Another major plus for the self-employed: 1958, USC "hadn't changed a great deal" totaling $14 million were instrumental in If a. man lost money in 1968 in his business from his medical student days of the 1930s, USC's progress in the last decade. Both were he would be able to carry the loss back he recalled in a recent interview. matched by the university on a three-for­ several yea.rs. ENDOWMENT WAS SMALL one basis. Let's say his income shot way up in 1969. Some of the professional schools such as In addition, a $7.6 milllon grant from the He should consider averaging because he dentistry, medicine and pharmacy, were well­ National Science Foundation made possible might do very well indeed. known and highly regarded, but at the heart many of the developments in the sciences The effect of the loss spread back over of the university-its undergraduate and a.nd in engineering, especially in solid state several years could be to wipe out income in graduate education and research activity­ science. some or all of his base yea.rs. llttle progress had been ma.de. LOW RESEARCH FUND Again, heavy medical expenses in the base The physical plant was inadequate, the en­ Seventy-five new faculty members h ave years which are terminated by a death in the dowment was small and fund-raising efforts been hired in this area in the last five years, family may have led to a substantially higher had been generally unsuccessful. There was according to Dr. Z. A. Kia.priellan, dean of taxable income in 1969. Averaging is a.gain relatively little research activity in the sci­ the school of engineering, who said these worth considering. ences and in engineering. Large numbers new professors have "given some visibility to We live in a mobile society and the tax law of students attended the university only the university." recognizes the costs of moving as a deductible part-time and even many faculty members When K aipriella.n came to use from e.'ll­ expense--under certain conditions. were part-timers. tech in 1958, there was "zero research fund­ Two tests must be satisfied. There is the Sur\'eying this rather bleak academic ing" in his field of electrical engineering, the distance test which holds that the new work scene, Dr. Topping appointed a commission dean said. This year use professors of elec­ location must_ be at least 20 miles farther of trustees, administrators and faculty mem- trical engineering h ave attracted about $4 .

10696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 m.lllion in research grants, four times more national reputation and most experienced IMBALANCE TOLD than their crosstown rivals at UCLA. campus observers think it unlikely that any "And just a.s important as the fact of this "Why, this is almost a decent university effort will be made to replace her. imbalance is the deep belief among faculty now," said the versatile, outspoken Dr. In another attempt to bring university re­ that it has happened." Richard Bellman, who holds a triple profes­ sources to bear on current problems USC Students complain even more loudly. sorship in mathematics, medicine and elec­ has established a Center for Urban Affairs, "This has been a potentially great uni­ trical engineering. which will offer bachelor's, master's, and versity for the past 10 yea.rs but we are "This used to be a joke school-the NYU Ph.D. degrees to specialists in the problems frankly facing a crisis period right now,'' said of the West Coast," Bellman sa.J.d. "People of large cities. Mark Savit, a 20-year-old senior from Los ca.me here to play football or because it was "We are a large university in the heart of Angeles who is vice president of the USC a good way for a ballplayer to get to the a vast urban area," President Topping said. Associated Students. major leagues. The only time the university "We are completely aware that urban prob­ "We need money for the liberal arts a.nd got any publlcity was when somebody died lems a.re major problems that must be solved we need it soon or we'll be a group of pro­ from (fraternity) hazing." and that a university can't be an ostrich fessional and quasi-vocational graduate But things have oha.nged. and stick It's head in the sand." schools with a rotten core." "Topping Just decided that this was going A search is still under way for a director Student Body President Fred Minnes, a 21- to be a first-rate university," Bellman said. for the Urban Affairs Center but in the mean­ year-old senior from Marin Oounty, said "He got the money and he got g-OOd people." time several new programs have been started. "bright, academica.lly talented kids come USE OF COMPUTERS crrY PROBLEMS here but they transfer out." Bellman, who is interested in the use of One of the most interesting is the Urban Savit said this happens because USC offers computers to solve problems in education, Semester, in which 50 students spend all of little in the way of independent study or medical care and other large systems, be­ their time studying the pleasures and prob­ honors programs !or its best students 8J'.ld lieves USC has been able to be innovative in lems of the city. They use Los Angeles as a because the campus is politica.J.ly apathetic. this area. because it has been catching up laboratory, returning to campus !or intensive "We have a lot of encouragement for peo­ with other schools. seminar discussions of what they have seen ple in athletics, but we don't offer much of "This is one of the advantages of being and learned. anything for academic achievement,'• he said. behind," Bellman said, "An established place The Urban Semester not only brings under­ Indirectly, conoern over the quality of Wl­ like Caltech or Harvard is not all that eager graduates in contact with urban problems dergraduate education led to USC's only ma­ to have a new man come in and set up a but provides them with an integrated course jor student turbulence of recent years. large research project." of study, answering in part the complaints Last Oct. 25, Homecoming Day, about a Not all of the improvement has been in of many contemporary students who object dozen students picketed the dedication cere­ science and engineering. Sam T. Hurst came to the usual fragmented curriculum of four monies for Heritage Hall, a new $2.3 million from Auburn University to lead a revival in or five unrelated courses. athletic department facility, carrying such the School of Architecture and Fine Arts. Another concentrated program in biological signs as "Where does USC rank in academ­ When he arrived eight years ago the school and environmental studies known as the ics?" a.nd "$2.3 m.lllion for academics." had a part-time faculty, part-time students Biology Semester will begin next fall. DEMONSTRATION and the curriculum was largely directed to­ Topping believes programs like these will Later the demonstrators carried their pro­ ward the immediate hiring needs of Los "entice more of our brightest young people test to Alumni Park, where thousands of Angeles architectural firms. into helping solve what we see developing as alumni were picnicking before the USC­ Now, Hurst said in a recent interview, "We a horrible situation" in education, housing, Georgia Tech football game. have mostly full-time faculty and we have environment and other big-city problems. Apparently this was too much for a few many fewer 'moonlighting• students. The While USC has been making great progress alumni who, perhaps under the influence of whole orientation of the school is more theo­ in the sciences and engineering and in most the llquid refreshments they had consumed retical, with a stronger intellectual base. We of its graduate and professional schools dur­ with lunch (although USC ls supposed to be believe that students who pay us tuition ing the past 10 years, the same cannot be a dry campus) , began to tea.r up the picket Should not be getting from us what they said of the liberal arts. signs and push, shove and punch the dem­ could be getting by working in an architect's The College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, onstrators, some of whom pushed, shoved office." which includes most of USC's 9,000 under­ and punched back. The school of law has moved to make legal graduates, faces a number of serious prob­ The altercation lasted only a few minutes studies more relevant to contemporary so­ lems. and no one was seriously injured but a.s the cial problems, sometimes to the discomfort Physical facilities are inadequate. Founders story spread across the campus during the of the university's administration and Hall, where more humanities departments are weekend its proportions grew. trustees. housed, is badly overcrowded and plans for On the following Monday morning several "Law faculty and law students want to be­ a new building are vague. hundred students gathered for a protest rally come involved with real problems," Dean James McBath, professor of speech and a.nd 150 of them marched into Topping's Nelson said. "They don't want to be isolated coach of the USC team that won the televised office. from the system, studying appellate court de­ "College Bowl" two years ago, said his depart­ ment ha.sonly 1,520 feet of office space !or 32 They demanded the firing of the dean of cisions. They want to see the legal problems students and chief of campus police, who people have in real life-in juvenile court full and part-time faculty members. The library is another source of complaints, they said had refused to stop the alumni and traffic court, the trouble poor people from attacking students. They also demanded have with certain kinds of contracts." particularly from professors and students in the humanities and social sciences. a public apology by the university and the However, all this must be done "on the establishment of a "No. 1 priority for basis of precise scholarly work and study," With more than 1.3 million volumes the library is large enough-larger for instance, academics." the dean said. "We can't become politically DEMANDS REJECTED involved." than those of Brown University, MIT or SEPARATION DIFFICULT Vanderbilt--but faculty members complain Topping refused to a.cede to the demands, that the collections are spotty and the service though he said: "I regret very much that Sometimes it is difficult to maintain this is terrible. there was an overreaction by some of the separation. alumni. I don't even know who they were. I For example, USC was instrumental in LIBERAL ARTS Many liberal arts departments are under­ regret very much their overreaction and their starting the Western Center on Law and inability to control their tempers." Poverty, which provides legal services !or poor sta.ffed, even though they must teach courses that a.re required of all undergraduates. That afternoon a fact-finding hearing, people in Los Angeles as part of the national conducted before a capacity audience of 450 "war on poverty." Faculty salaries in these departments are lower than in the sciences and engineering in Hancock Auditorium, persuaded most At least one USC law professor has joined a listeners that no serious injuries had resulted la.w suit brought by the Western Center and lower than liberal arts salaries at other leading private universities. from the scuffle and that students, as well as against the Los Angeles Police Department, alumni, had struck some of the blows. alleging harassment a.nd mistreatment of the As a result, many faculty members leave USC-about 10% per year, compared to a na­ The incident has faded into the back­ city's black population. ground, but, according to Mark Sa.vit, "It This suit has irritated Police Chief Edward tional average of 5% to 6%. However, USC administrators say the politicized the student body to a consider­ M. Davis and ha.s caused him to be less than able extent." cooperative in some recent dealings, USC of­ faculty turnover problem is exaggerated. They ficials believe. claim the university has lost very few pro­ "This is still a largely oonservative student fessors it really wanted to keep. body," Sa.vlt said. "We have a lot of voca­ This in tum has annoyed some members "There is a widespread feeling among fac­ tionally inclined students and a lot of in­ of the university administration and Board ulty in the College (of Letters, Arts and sulated people who do not see the outside of Trustees who wish they bad less of an acti­ world a.s influencing them-kids who want to vist a.s dean of the la.w school. Sciences) that the money is available, but that the pie has been sliced so that the pro­ coast through, get their diploma and go to MORE RELEVANT fessional schools have been at the head of the work for dad." But Dean Nelson's efforts to make legal cafeteria line and the college has been at Topping agreed that humanities and social studies pertinent to contemporary problems the end," said McBath, who is chairman of sciences have fared less well than science and already have brought her, and the school, a the University Senate. engineering in the last decade. April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10697

FEDERAL MONEY ters, Arts and Sciences) and we can raise the others in the often thankless struggle "But this has been true everywhere, not money they need now." for soil and water conservation and for just at USC," he said. "There has been fed­ To do it he is asking for two additional environmental quality. I therefore take eral money and other research money for fund raisers, for the liberal arts college alone, some comfort in the fact that at long in the next budget. science and engineering and now there is last this basic cause is becoming a popu- starting to be some for social science, but Some students and faculty members won­ the humanities have been the forgotten der if the university really wants to improve lar issue. , children." the liberal arts college. Some prominent figures who just a few He said he expected "a greater emphasis Even more than most similar governing years ago a voided this unglamorous sub­ in the next few years" on humanities and boards, the use Board of Trustees is com­ ject like the plague are now striving social sciences, including higher faculty sal­ posed of wealthy, conservative, Republican with one another for the right to claim aries, more endowed faculty chairs, a better businessmen. Many people on campus believe the trustees are suspicious of the liberal art s t h3 title oi "Mr. Clean." library and more scholarships and other stu­ Student groups throughout the Nation dent financial aid. and will be reluctant to support them finan­ Formal announcement of a new academic cially as well as they have science, engineer­ have discovered the word "ecology" and master plan, concentrating on the College of ing and the professional schools. are beginning demonstrations in the Letters, Arts and Sciences, is expected to be "I think the trustees are leary of the rami­ name of the new god. Burying automo­ made after the Board of Trustees meets fications of having a decent college," said biles may even become more popular April 24-26 in Palm Springs. Savit. than burning draft cards, and everybody The man expected to lead the revival of "At one meeting we had, a trustee said it will admit that it is a lot more spectacu­ was hard to raise money for the liberal arts Liberal Arts at USC is Dr. John R. Hubbard, lar. vice president for academic affairs and because political activism and violence come provost. from that sector. I want to point out, however, that FROM TEXAS "Considering SC's apathetic record, that some of the most capable people who Hubbard, a 50-year-old Texan, describes comment almost made me sick to my stom­ have made the greatest contribution himself as a European historian who "fell ach, but I think that's the way a lot of toward pollution abatement and a high from grace" and entered college administra­ trustees think." quality environment are now in danger tion in 1953, when he became dean of Sophie CONSERVATIVES of being relegated to a backseat while Newcomb, the women's college at Tulane An administrator who prefers to remain more vociferous groups monopolize the University. anonymous put it this way: "There are im­ spotlight. One group which has been a Prior to coming to USC last summer, Hub­ plications in becoming a great university. It bard directed the U.S. government's AID true pioneer in this vital field is the Soil means brighter, more troublesome students Conservation Service and the 3,000 soil education program in India for four years. and brighter, more troublesome faculty. He is enthusiastic about the possibilities There are implications that a conservative and water conservation districts across at USC. governing board might not necessarily ap­ the Nation with which it is closely "All the resources are in this area-intel­ prove." affiliated. lectually, the vitality of the place plus the On the other hand, he said, "This has been I make this point, Mr. Speaker, be­ raw wealth," he said. "I! you can't build a going on for three or four years. It's an evolu­ cause these conservationists are some of really distinguished institution in this milieu tionary thing and so far they have left us my closest friends and because I have you just ought to turn in your suit." pretty much alone." USC must have "at the central core a been their devoted supporter for many Topping denied that the board will drag years. I also make this point because the really distinguished liberal arts college," its feet in supporting improvements in the Hubbard believes. "I have pledged as my humanities and social sciences. greatest pollutant in the country today first concern the pursuit of that objective." "People who say that are talking from no is still sediment, a product of soil ero­ Hubbard has appointed as vice-provost Dr. sion. John E. eantelon, for many years a popular knowledge," he said heatedly. "The board professor of religion and campus chaplain. is not that way at all." This, however, is nothing new. The late In an interview, Dr. Cantelon agreed that GHETTO AREA Hugh H. Bennett, who was the first science, engineering and the professional He said the trustees have given strong sup­ Chief of the Soil Conservation Service, schools dominate the USC campus, at the port to the Western Center on Law and Pov­ testified before the committee on Rivers expense of the liberal arts, but he said he erty, the center for Urban Affairs and a health and Harbors, House of Representatives, is encouraged by the sharp improvement in center in Watts, all activities that might be 79th Congress, first session, on bills for the quality of students in recent years. regarded as controversial. the control of water pollution in Novem­ "When you start with a kind of negative "I don't think any board likes to see the ber of 1945. Let me quote you something image USC had for so :many years-a sort of institution where they have concern ... combination football, rah-rah school and Chief Bennett said before that commit­ get into political activity of any kind," Top­ tee nearly 25 years ago: country club, it's tougher to attract the best ping said. "But I have no doubt whatsoever students," Cantelon said. "But the tide is be­ that this board will support our efforts to im­ The Soil Conservation Service is in full ginning to change. Election to the Assn. of prove the LA&S college and our work on agreement with the efforts to control pollu­ American Universities is recognition of an urban problems." tion of America's streams and other waters, academic renaissance that has been about If this turns out to be true, then the next the subject now being considered by this 10 years coming." committee. There is little doubt that pollu­ Cantelon said USC now needs "the invest­ 10 years should be as rewarding for use as the last 10. tion of the Nation's streams and lakes is one ment in humanities that we've had in sci­ of the most serious obstacles to the benefi­ ence. We've got to realize that our most im­ "Our image is changing fast," said Dean Sam Hurst. "We are still considered a conser­ cial utilization of our invaluable water re­ portant product is humane human beings." sources. It is our feeling, however, that the Another important appointment was that vative, inbred, sports-loving, academically various kinds of stream pollutants have not of Dr. Robert H. Linnell, a chemist and soft institution ... I don't think that's true been brought completely into proper per­ former administrator of the National Science any longer, at least not much of it is true. spective. In our opinion, erosion silt-the Foundation, as dean of the College of Let­ "The attitudes and actions of the trustees soil washed from farm and ranch lands-is ters, Arts and Sciences. will be crucial to the future. The question is by far the most important stream pollutant whether the more liberal student body and CRISIS OVER in terms of its widespread effect, the mone­ faculty will run too far ahead of the more tary damage it causes, and its influence on The appointments of Hubbard, Cantelon conservative trustees and, if this happens, and Linnell have been well received by the the health and well-being of our people. how the administration will handle the prob­ Without in any way minimizing the serious liberal arts faculty. "There is a general feel­ lem." ing that the academic leadership crisis is and detrimental effects of pollution by sew­ over," said McBath. age and mining and industrial wastes, we should like to emphasize the fact that ero­ But now faculty members and students are SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE, PIO­ sion-produced silt is our worst water pollu­ waiting to see if the administration and the tant. Board of Trustees will be able and willing to NEERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUAL­ raise the money needed to improve the liberal ITY It is clear that the Soil Conservation arts college. Service people are no Johnny-come­ Thomas P. Nickell Jr., vice president for planning, pointed out that it is easier to raise HON. JIM WRIGHT latelys in the pollution fight. According to one estimate I have seen, the amount money for such things the medical school OF TEXAS a.s of sediment kept out of streams by just than it is for the liberal arts college. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "People die of cancer and not of history," one conservation practice-establishing Nickell said. Tuesday, April 7, 1970 permanent cover with grass or trees-is However, Nickell insisted "we have always Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, for many staggering. In the last one-third of a raised money for LA&S (the College of Let- years I have been involved along with century, the silt which this one conser- 10698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 vation measure has kept out of the SOUND recently pointed out in relation to other streams would otherwise displace a vol­ A growing problem is initating sound national issues, somehow these voices of ume of water equal to a 10-year supply or "noise pollution." moderation do not get as much public for all U.S. households. So while every­ scs soil surveys and other land use attention as the strident few. That is why one is talking about pollution, the Soil information help zoning officials plan on January 28, 1970, I inserted in the Conservation Service and conservation alternate land uses around noisy airports. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an example of the district leaders are and have been doing Parks, lakes, and industries can often be moderate voices on the subject of mu­ something about it. located in such areas where the noise tual funds from Barron's in which a pro­ I would like to itemize some of the level is too high for hospitals, schools, or fessor at the University of Rochester ways soil and water conservation work homes. concludes that the presently proposed reduces pollution. Highway noises create an irritating mutual fund "reforms" would do more SEDIMENT level of sound. A sound barrier of trees, harm than good. Call it silt or mud if you would like, similar to a windbreak, can be used to In the March 10, 1970, issue of Ameri­ but sediment is the largest pollutant by beautify the view and muffle traffic noise. can Banker there appears another ex­ volume of our streams, lakes, and har­ ALLERGENS ample of a clearly disinterested but well­ informed observer speaking out in mod­ bors. It is also the carrier for other pol­ Pasture maintenance, vegetation of idle lutants, sewage wastes, infectious agents, erate tones in defense of the mutual fund land and crop rotation are among con­ as a financial institution and describing insecticides, pesticides, and chemical servation practices which help control wastes often "hitch a ride" on soil par­ the important economic function it per­ ragweed, goldenrod, and other sources of forms for the public. This article is es­ ticles held in suspension in water. And allergens. sediment can also increase the cost of pecially interesting because it appears Along with many others who support in the official periodical of the American purifying water. the soil and water conservation move­ More than 30 years of conservation Bankers' Association, which is sometimes ment, I am disturbed. While all this considered unfriendly to the mutual work has greatly reduced the washing of public clamor about pollution and the soil from rural lands. But during that funds, and also in that it was written by environment is going on, I find that the a banker in our sister nation below the same 30 years, our Nation has gone agency which for many years has been through a period of unprecedented ur­ border, thus furnishing a refreshing per­ a leader in the pollution abatement field, spective on this subject. The article is ban growth. continues to work with reduced funds Developers have stripped the sod and entitled "Mutual Funds Vital to Develop­ and people. ing Nations" and is written by Agustin trees from the land, new roads and in­ In my State alone, the Soil Conserva­ Vega, director, Banco de la Ciudad de dustries have been built and other new tion Service now has 100 fewer people Mexico, S.A. I insert this article in the sources of sediment uncovered. There is than it did 4 years ago and 150 fewer RECORD at this point: still a big job ahead of convincing people than it had on January 1, 1964. that conservation is not just a rural job [From the International Banker, Mar. 10, So I suggest that if we are really 1970] for the farmers. Conservation methods serious about :fighting pollution, we that reduce sediment pollution on farms MUTUAL FuNDS VITAL TO DEVELOPING NATIONS strengthen instead of weaken the soil (By Agustin Vega) can also be used to fight the problem in and water conservation movement. nonfarm areas. At the meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council in Venezuela CHEMICALS in February of this year, there was discussion Many conservation measures reduce about President Nixon's plans for financial the need for pesticides and herbicides. MUTUAL FUNDS VITAL TO DEVEL­ aid to Latin America and his requests for Crop rotations are used to conserve and OPING NATIONS U.S. Congressional authorization for various improve the soil-and to fight insects, specific fund allocations. weeds, and diseases. Certain plants kill Among President Nixon's funding requE:sts HON. FLETCHER THOMPSON was $30 million to encourage the develop­ nematodes, so a rotation to include these OF GEORGIA ment of stock markets in La.tin America. crops can help control them without the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Specific reference also was made t.o the need use of chemicals. for creating adequate instruments for the Other pests may live through the Tuesday, April 7, 1970 development of these markets, such as in­ winter in stalks left standing in the fields. Mr. THOMPSON of Georgia. Mr. vestment banks and the establishment of By mulching the old stalks, their homes Speaker, inspired by sources which have other private financial intermediaries includ­ are destroyed and the need for chemical ing mutual funds which have operated suc­ so far proven impossible to identify with cessfully in the Brazilian capital markets. control is reduced. certainty, some members of the working The mutual funds seem to be emerging Conservation farming reduces runoff press in this country are engaged in a as the most important of the private non­ and erosion-and the likelihood of fer­ genuine vendetta against mutual funds bank.ing intermediaries in the developing na­ tilizers and chemicals washing into which includes scurrilous, personal at­ tions. Though the Latin American experience streams and lakes. Obviously, if there tacks upon those of us in Congress who is recent, this type of investment medium were no soil erosion, the amount of chem­ 1·ecognize the valuable service performed has consistently experienced rising growth. icals washing into the streams would be by these institutions in furnishing the With total assets of about $160 million in 1969, mutual funds have performed their negligible. only effective avenue for channeling one's basic functions as intermediaries of financial DUST savings in relatively small amounts to resources through the acquisition and sale of Wind-blown soil from the "Dust Bowl" diversified equities which offer some pros­ their own securities and those of industrial, of the Plains States once darkened the pect of hedge against the rampant in­ commercial, banking and service companies, sky over Washington, D.C., and other flation of our times. most of which are listed on existing stock ex­ eastern cities. The clouds of dust blew At the very moment when the stock changes. from land that had been mismanaged exchanges and the brokerage houses are There is a close relationship between the and overused. Conservation programs, development and behavior of the mutual compelled by sharply rising overhead ex­ funds and the securities exchanges. The ef­ using grass, tree windbreaks, wind strip­ penses to turn their backs upon the small fectiveness and prospects of each depend on cropping, and better management have investor, a few newsmen like Jack An­ the effectiveness and prospects of the other. eliminated dust storms of this magnitude. derson are indulging in verbal rhetoric An open and liquid securities market iS SMOKE which, like that of certain other minute vital to the development of mutual funds segments in our society, is intended to and the mutual funds further investment Burning woodlands, prairies, and crop transactions through the stock market. They i-esidues once sent natural plant nutrients destroy a highly respectable and bene­ ficial American institution which serves can activate the role and the orientation of up in clouds of smoke that blanketed the development of securities markets. the countryside for weeks at a time. Now, the small investor very well. The mutual funds do not yet account for thanks to enlightened conservation Of course, many less strident voices a large share of the capital markets in Latin methods, this source of air pollution has in the financial press take a different America but, as evidenced by their growth, been almost eliminated. view, but as Vice President AGNEW has they will assume an increasing role. They April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10699 constitute one of the most useful and con­ I! we examine the actual conditions of THE TELEPHONE PIONEER STORY venient in.stnunents for mobilizing internal operations of mutual funds in Mexico, it will The Telephone Pioneers of America is the capital resources as these countries develop be realized that the presence of new mutual world's largest voluntary association of in· their commercial economy and progress to funds, far from creating unfavorable compe­ dustrial employees. It is composed of men financial adulthood. tition, would actually contribute to more and women who have served 21 or more years Mutual funds are a vital instrument for liquid and professional stock markets in in the telephone industry throughout the the promotion and collection of popular which they could all evolve. Until now the United States and Canada. savings. They perform the important role of mutual funds have sold their shares without The first Telephone Pioneers were literally stimulator and allocator of personal savings great difficulty and almost without any pro­ the people whose experience dated back to to industrial and service corporations. They motion. Alexander Graham Bell days. They had offer entrepreneurs alternative sources of Surely a well planned and organized strat­ charted the course of a vital, new industry. financing. Additionally, mutual funds pro­ egy by the mutual funds would allow the Today's Pioneers still have a strong feel­ vide the small investor with more diversified collection of larger internal resources, the ing for the history and traditions of the busi­ holdings and liquidity than they could pos­ generation of income, the avoidance of cap­ ness. But "pioneer" is a forward-looking sibly achieve by acquiring individual stock ital out-flow and the promotion of the con­ word. They try to live up to their name by holdings. cept of saving. In this way the mutual funds building a diversified and expanding program These developments will encourage the would act as an effective complement of for action. stock market to become a financial channel total investment. While enjoying the social side of their or­ of decisive importance. In turn, this will The economic evolution of the Mexican ganization, they also search for other activi­ require the stock market to transform its nation is also pertinent. We have had 36 ties through which to express and extend own mechanism and create more special­ years of continuous growth, 15 years with­ fellowship. Pioneers find this "something ized instruments for the mobilization of out a devaluation and, in 1968, a gross na­ more" in discussion courses which stretch popul.ar savings that otherwise would lie tional product greater than those of either the mind and bring out hidden talents, and idle under the mattress. Sweden or Australia and greater than any in taking to heart the timeless idea that There have been several attempts in Latin other country in Latin America in the same the people who get the most out of life are America to channel popular savings into the year. Mexico's per capita income places it those who find significant ways to help financial market. These efforts, however, among the leaders of the developing nations. others. have not fulfilled expectations, partly because The government's financial program is pro­ In Pioneering there is a common ground of the lack of financial education and part­ gressive and has a growth orientation which for people in all phases of telephone work. ly because the sales techniques in use did increases each year. Accountants, secretaries, assemblers and en­ not provide the potential investors with a In view of the progress, stability and pros­ gineers plan together for a social reunion. clear and precise idea of their money's fate pects of the Mexican economy, it is apparent Repairmen, switchboard operators and vice nor a distinct image of themselves as owners that the Mexican securities market has an presidents share their talents in projects of of something tangible. important future if the rate of national community usefulness and in many educa­ Mutual funds stand out, therefore, as a economic growth is to continue. Statistics of tional activities. Together they keep retired most valuable means for the mobilization of countries close to us illustrate this point. U employees in touch not only with the latest savings. Their operating principles are sim­ we study the structures of their securities developments in the business but also with ple and easily understood by savers and, markets, it can be observed that the per­ their lifetime friends. Shut-ins, the ill and with a dynamic sales plan, they can act with centage of common stocks traded in those bereaved receive special attention from Pi­ agility and effectiveness among small and markets is in comparison with the Mexican, oneer associates. medium-sized investors. The situations as follows: 86% in Argentina, 87% in Brazil, Established in 1911 with 700 members, the maintained by mutual funds in areas other 55% in Colombia, 92% in Chile, 64% in Peru organization now numbers over a quarter­ than Latin America make outstanding exam­ and in our country 9%. million and it is growing rapidly. About 60 ples. In the U.S.A., mutual funds are the percent are active members (those now em­ most dynamic institutions within the stock In conclusion, the growing importance of institutional investment for countries like ployed in the industry) and 40 percent are market. Mexico is in their being one of the best life members (those who have retired). While They number more than 500 and manage most Pioneers come from Bell System ranks, over $50 billion. European capital markets sources of long term financing, obtaining resources from the saving cector and invest­ others are from independent telephone com­ have seen increa:..ing acquisition of mutual panies in the United States and the inde­ fund stocks by their citizens over recent ing them in the stock market, widening its possibilities of being a fountain of capital pendent and government companies in years, giving their own markets liquidity Canada. and transactions volume never before ex­ for the corporations. The mutual funds con­ stitute, at present, the most adequate way Pioneers are proud of their organization. perienced. In Western Europe, there are They welcome this opportunity to share their more than 350 mutual funds with about to strengthen the stock market of countries like Mexico, giving them a healthy develop­ story with you-the story of what they do 3.5 million share-holders and total assets and their hopes for the future. close to $4.5 billion. ment and providing them with more liquid­ In spite of the impressive growth of mu­ ity. PIONEERING IN ACTION tual funds in Latin America, there rems.in The Pioneer motto is Fellowship, Loyalty vast opportunities for the future. Such op­ and Service-a motto which unifies the great portunities are reflected in the high volume TELEPHONE PIONEERS OF diversity of individual interests and talents. of savings that leave Latin America for in­ AMERICA It is through the Pioneer program that vestment elsewhere and which constitute a these words really come to life. For here is major potential market for national mutual the interaction of people-enjoying each funds. · HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY other's companionship, working and learn­ When the significance of the departing OP INDIANA ing together, being of service to members capital was recognized, the Latin American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and to the community, bring experience and countries began to institute policies to en­ time-honored tradition to the challenges of courage national savings to be invested lo­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 a fast-changing world. cally. Venezuela, for example, set up a Com­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, Pioneer activities are conducted through mittee to study ways to develop its capital local chapters, councils and clubs, which to­ market; Brazil began to create instruments April 17, 1970, I will have the honor of gether number well over 1,000 units. These to revitalize its stock market and thereby attending a special luncheon in In­ centers of activity span the continent from channel its citizens' savings into its own dianapolis, at the Western Electric Co., the Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Bay, from the economy. There are many similar examples. to honor Mr. Willis L. Reed, of Indian­ Atlantic Coast to the Pacific. Between 1956 and the present, a very mod­ apolis, who has completed repair on FELLOWSHIP ACTIVITIES est $45 million has been collected by Mexi­ 1,000 talking book machines for the blind. can mutual funds. Mr. Reed is a member of Telephone The lively social life of Pioneering has al­ This amount ls far below what the con­ ways been one of its most popular attrac­ ditions of the population and the national Pioneers, the world's largest voluntary tions. economy would indicate. 60 % of the Mexi­ association of industrial employees. A kaleidoscope of social events fills the can population is under 20 years of age and Many of the association's 77 chapters calendar. Dinners and dances, theater par­ these young people are mainly concerned work on the talking book program as one ties, weekend outings, travel tours, picnics, with attaining a good economic position as of their community service projects, but costume balls, boat rides, sports tourna­ quickly as possible. Mexico also has a middle few have achieved the record set by Mr. ments, fashion shows-the keynote is variety. class of some .,ize whose incomes more than Reed, who is a life member of Shade­ There are annual reunions with hundreds cover their living expenses and who should of members and weekly gatherings of small be provided with a selection of investment land Chapter No. 77, in Indianapolis. groups in a Pioneer lounge. possibilities. There is also an increasing The following items give the Telephone Sharing recreation and fellowship with number of young executives with incomes Pioneer story, and also the work done younger employees makes it all more fun. that grow each year. These are all potential by the pioneers on the talking books The fam.llles of Pioneers are also very much investors. progl'am: a part o! the social scene-participating With 10700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 an enthusiasm that rivals tha.t of the mem­ tenance o:f those units for this region. The educating. We urge every citizen Of the bers themselves. Chapter has provided testing equipment, in community to join in the appeal, for this . Sociability is only one face o:f Pioneer addition to that provided by the Library of city desperately needs voices in Congress to fellowship. Warmth a.nd sincerity are ex­ Congress, for both the Talking Books and the speak-and vote-in it.s behalf. pressed in many ways: personal visits, tele­ Cassette Tape Recorders. phone calls, cards a.nd letters--hundreds of thousands. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: A GIANT A VOTE FOR THE DISTRICT OF STEP BACKWARD TALKING BOOKS COLUMBIA Talking Book Machines are portable record players especially designed for the Blind, HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER Visually and Physically Handicapped. They HON. GILBERT GUDE OF WISCONSIN are provided to the blind by the Division for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Blind a.nd Physically Handicapped, Li­ OF MARYLAND brary of Congress, Washington, D.C. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, April 7, 1970 Any person who is certified by a doctor, or Tuesday, April 7, 1970 competent authority such as a nurse, social Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, I worker, librarian, teacher, clergyman, or any Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, an editorial in am as deeply concerned as President other professional person as being legally the Sunday Star on April 5 commends the Nixon is about the recent wave of bomb­ blind, visually limited or physically handi­ League of Women Voters for its cam­ ings in our metropolitan areas. Punish­ capped is eligible to request a Talking Book paign to gather signatures on petitions ment for those who perpetrate such acts Machine. Persons in Indiana make applica­ urging voting representation in Congress must be severe. However, I cannot agree tion to Talking Book Machine Service at the for the District of Columbia. This worthy with the Presidential recommendation Indiana. School for the Blind, 7725 North that the death penalty for bombers be College Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240. project is being conducted throughout The Talking Book Machine may be kept by the country in an effort to show that imposed if a fatality should occur. the person to whom it is loaned as long as many Americans care about second-class The assumption on which capital pun­ the disability lasts, without charge. citizenship in our Nation's Capital. ishment is based, that it acts as a deter­ If the machine is in need of repair, mailing It has been almost a year since Presi­ rent to crime, has been proven false. For labels are furnished so that the machine may dent Nixon sent his message to Congress example, in 1961, Congress enacted the be returned postage free. Upon receipt of the asking approval of a constitutional death penalty for hijacking airplanes. As machine an immediate replacement is made we know, this utterly failed to suppress and there are no charges for repairs or parts. amendment to provide voting repre­ Talking Book records are furnished by the sentation for the District. In that mes­ this practice which has continued with Indiana State Library, 140 North Senate Ave­ sage, he said: greater frequency. Since 1961, a total of nue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240. Books are It should offend the democratic senses of 61 U.S.-flag carriers have been hijacked. assigned out for the usual 30-day period and this nation that the 850,000 citizens of its In civilized nations, modem penology are subject to renewal, if necessary, and cover Capital, comprising a population larger than is moving away from the use of capital subjects such as, history, biography, travel, eleven of its states, have no voice in the punishment. For the past 2 years, no ex­ science, religion, sports, drama, mysteries, Congress. ecutions have taken place in the United westerns, science fiction, and children's books, both fiction and non-fiction. Periodi­ Many bills have been introduced to States. In our desire to punish the bomb­ cals include American Heritage, Changing change this state of affairs, and it is time ers, let us not fall back upon the use of Times, Ellery Queen, Harpers, Holiday, New hearings were held to consider them. I such a barbarous form of retribution. Outlook, True, Sports Illustrated, Jack and am hopeful that the drive undertaken by Mr. Speaker, an editorial in the April 1 Jill, Reader's Digest, and News Week. the League of Women Voters will suc­ Washington Post succinctly presents the The repair and maintenance program with ceed in demonstrating the commitment arguments against the death penalty, which Shadeland Chapter Pioneers are in­ and I commend it to the attention of my volved began on April 18, 1961. The Western of Americans in all our States to full Electric Radio Amateur Club was alerted to participation by District citizens in the colleagues: the need for assistance in repair of the Talk­ Federal legislative business that uniquely CUT OFF THEIR HEADS ing Book Machines and cooperating with the affects their lives. There can hardly be disagreement with Shadeland Council of Telephone Pioneers The editorial follows: President Nixon about the seriousness of the began repairing Talking Book Machines and danger created by the recent bombings and radios for the blind. A VOTE FOR D.C. bomb threats in metropolitan centers. No During the early years, the volunteers en­ From all reports, the League of Women doubt he is right in saying that many of countered some difficulties in storage, pickup, Voters' oampa.ign to gather more than a Inil­ them "have been the work of political and delivery of the units. Subsequently, ar­ lion signatures on petitions urging voting fanatics," and that "they must be dealt with rangements were made for a repair bench at representation for the District of Columbia as the potential murderers they are." But the Indiana School for the Blind where the is in full swing in states from Virginia to he contributes nothing, we think, to deter­ Pioneers continue to repair and maintain Hawaii. rence or prevention of the danger by propos­ the units. Congress-to whom petitions are no nov­ ing the death penalty for bombers if a fatal­ Telephone Pioneers have been described as elty-may never before have seen the match ity occurs. the most outstanding but unheralded o:f this one. The thousands of signatures Even for murderers, the death penalty is groups of volunteers doing work in behalf o:f which members will receive on May 6 will be being abandoned in civilized societies. The the blind. These generous and energetic those of their own constituents. And we fallib111ty of human judges argues vehe­ volunteers in Indianapolis began by picking trust that, beyond the names, the members mently against a. punishment so irreversible. up the machines at the homes of the users will be made fully aware of the truly ex­ Experience has shown beyond all serious and if not immediately repairable arranged traordinary response of interest which this question that fear of a death sentence does for a replacement unit, took the units to appeal has produced throughout the naition. nothing to keep desperate, insensate and their homes for repair, and then delivered Ha.wail, mentioned above, has gone so far as wicked men from committing the most das­ them to the users when they were restored to express its support through an official tardly of crimes. Obviously, such men ought to working condition. At the present time, action of the state legislature. The news to be confined until they are no longer men­ the Pioneers have no direct contact with the columns, elsewhere in today's Star, record aces to public safety. But to extinguish their users. The machines are returned to the Cen­ other de

bons is to drop to about 5 percent of that of from Connecticut (Mr. DADDARIO) ad­ individual mission agencies, balanced pro­ uncontrolled vehicles. dressed the opening session of a 3-day grams must be put forth in the context of Progress has already been made in dimin­ Info-Expo 70 gathering of the Informa­ both the agency's requirements and related ishing the emission of carbon monoxide. tion Industries Association. This associa­ programs outside the agency. We need to co­ Next year's models will emit about a third as ordinate the planning funotion in such a much as uncontrolled automobiles. Control tion is young but rapidly growing, for it way that overall national requirements are of nitrogen oxides has lagged behind, but represents the dynamic new field of in­ not lost sight of while attaining specific California standards require a partial abate­ formation services, including everything agency objectives. ment in the 1971 model year. The federal from printed matter to computer based, Coordination is not merely an activity to standards for 1975 call for a substantial instant retrieval, technical information prevent unnecessary duplication of effort. change-a drop to about 15 percent of pres­ libraries, and fact:finding services. It is not just an exchange of information at the problem-oriented, disciplinary or sub­ ent levels. A striking feature of the abate­ In his address, Congressman DADDARIO ment of motor vehicle pollution is its price. disciplinary levels in order to prevent obvi­ The improvements incorporated in the 1971 proposed the creation of a government­ ous duplication. It is a much more complex models will cost no more than $48 per ve­ wide information system which would problem and requires more subtle remedies hicle. bring modern day management tech­ than we have utilized up to the present time. In terms of tonnage of emitted pollutants, niques to our vast governmental re­ The present system of managing research the automobile ranks first. However, in over­ search and development effort. He called is unsatisfactory, at least at the Federal level. all damaging effects, sulfur oxides from attention to the great problems we face Let me take a moment to discuss how the burning of fuels seem most serious. This is as Members of Congress who must make executive and legislative branches of gov­ especially true in the area east of the Missis­ decisions on funding levels for future ernment deal with research and development sippi and north of the Ohio, where sulfur­ programs with no more than historical at the present time. bearing coal is a principal fuel. In that Within the executive branch an assort­ region, major metropolitan areas have been information on the status of these pro­ ment of departments and individual agencies gambling with catastrophe. An unusual grams a year or 18 months ago. pursue their objectives and the associated weather pattern with a persistent inversion I agree with the sentiments expressed research and development activities with could result in many deaths. In November by our distinguished colleague. We in the minimal overview from the Bureau of the 1966, the New York metropolitan area came Congress must have information im­ Budget and the Office of Science and Tech­ close to such an event. The experience caused mediately available on the present nology. No meaningful overall ordering of authorities in the area to issue regulations status, not last year's, of the programs priorities in R & D, or even within academic calling for progressively improved control of In science, occurs at the present time. This state sulfur oxides. In abating its air pollution, whose futures we must consider. light of affairs is emphasized at the present sub· New York in effect limited the sulfur content of this, I include Congressman DADDARio's stantial cutbacks in support for research and of fuel to 1 percent. As a result, the concen­ outstanding address at this point in the .development. These cutbacks have not oc­ tration of atmospheric sulfur oxides is now RECORD in hopes that it will stimulate curred with any overall plan in mind, and no less than half what it was in 1966. During action by this body to meet our need one in the Federal government really knows 1971 the permissible sulfur content of fuel for current information: precisely what is going on. I will come back for most installations will drop to 0.37 per­ to this point later on. cent. This will reduce pollution further. It INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCH Numerous proposals have been made for will also have substantial economic conse­ reform. Our Subcommittee on Science, Re­ quences. Fuel will cost more. It will consist {REMARKS OF REPRESENTATIVE EMILIO Q. search and Development has generated some mainly of natural gas, purified residual oil, DADDARIO) of these proposals and given serious consid­ and clean fuel oil. This country has seen a tremendous eration to many others. Proposals for a De­ The United States cannot afford to import growth in the support of research and de­ partment of Science analogous to those enough low-sulfur oil to meet its energy velopment since 1950. Federal expenditures found in some other countries have been needs. In many regions it will be necessary to alone have increased from slightly over a bil­ made before, and will no doubt be made use coal whdch typically contains 2 to 3 per­ lion dollars in 1950 to a peak of more than 17 a.gain. cent of sulfur. Only a small fraction of the billion dollars in fiscal 1968. There has been In the legislative branoh the situation in reserves contains as little as 1 percent. It is a decline since that time. During these two regard to the management of science, re­ possible to remove some of the sulfur from decades science and technology have fur­ search and development is even worse. Be­ coal by mechanical means, but most cannot nished us the ability to walk on the moon, cause of its fragmented committee structure be eliminated except by costly chemical proc­ light our houses with electricity from nuclear and the tremendous demands on the time of essing. In major installations abatements of power or instantly destroy most of the hu­ the individual Members, Congress does not at pollution arising from the burning of coal man life on our planet. the present time get an overview of the Fed­ will require cleansing of stack gases. At a During the 50's and the 60's, we talked a eral involvement in research and develop­ recent congressional hearing,• four processes lot about centralizing Federal science activi­ ment. The annual Bureau of the Budget spe­ were described that have reached the stage ties in the United States. But at the same cial analyses are useful, but they are a col­ of commercial application. They are all ca­ time we have created new agencies to deal lection of agency totals and do not furnish pable of sharply reducing the concentra­ with the goals and objectives of our society, any basis for action. tions of sulfur oxides emitted by major elec­ and these new agencies have seen fit to sup­ Proposals have been made many times in tric power generating stations. The con· port their own basic research programs. In· the past for legislative reorganization to at­ sumer, naturally, will have to pay more for stead of contracting into one or two super­ tack this problem. Some have suggested a his electricity from 6 to 10 percent more, ac­ agencies, our pluralistic system for the fund­ Joint Congressional Committee with no leg­ cording to present estimates. ing of research has further proliferated. islative authority, to set all of our efforts in In view of the health hazards and other As we enter the decade of the 70's we find science, research and development in per­ costs of pollution this seems a small price ourselves faced with a gigantic task in effi­ spective. This joint committee, perhaps mod­ to pay. With this new technology the major ciently and effectively managing this re­ eled on the Joint Economic Committee, polluters can lower their emissions of sulfur search and development enterprise. Many would require an annual report on the "state oxides, and they should be required to do thoughtful observers to the scene maintain of science". This report would attempt to so expeditiously. that our pluralistic system can no longer just review the accomplishments of the previous "grow like Topsy". They maintain that we year, and to outline plans and goals for the must develop a new management system to future within the context of individual effectively channel our research and develop­ agency programs. men;; efforts into :-hose activities generated The Science, Research and Development INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE by the problems and challenges facing our Subcommittee shares this concern over the MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCH society. inadequacy of present organizational forms What are the characteristics of such an for the management of research and develop­ effective management system? At the Federal ment to meet the demands of society. The HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO level there should be strongly defined policy Subcommittee has undertaken an exhaustive OF CONNECTICUT making centers in both the executive and study of the utilization of Federal labora­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES legislative branches. Clearly delineated lines tories, and recommended what we think are of authority must flow from these policy substantial improvements in this regard. We Tuesday, April 7, 1970 making centers all the way down to the indi­ have proposed a substantial program of in­ Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, on Monday, vidual scientist working in his laboratory. stitutional grants to strengthen the funding March 23, our colleague, the gentleman And at the Federal level there must be in­ of academic science. Legislation on this sub­ creased efforts to properly coordinate our jeot now awaits Floor action in the House. multifaceted research efforts. There must be A comprehensive evaluation of the struc­ • Testimony by James R. Garvey, President coordination between the disciplines to as­ ture of the National Science Foundation re­ Bituminous Coal Research, Inc. to Joint sure balanced research programs. Problem sulted in significant. changes in its Organic Committee on Atomic Energy, 25 February oriented research must be effectively related Act in 1968, a.s reflected in P.L. 90-407. The 1970. to existing disciplinary support. Within the issue of Technology Assessment is becoming 10704: EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 an increasingly critical one as we observe the Two weeks ago I presented some ideas on The middle manager who Wishes to utilize massive effects which science a.nd technology the management of research and develop­ 11he information in the data store puts in are having on our physical a.nd social en­ ment before the Armed Services Committee, his request, a.nd gets a print-out at some vironment. Our comprehensive study of in the context of its inquiry into inde­ later time. Technology Assessment is resulting in legis­ pendent research and development at indus­ There is a widespread feeling that the in­ lation which will be introduced shortly. trial firms. At that time I stated that the form.ation in the system is for "someone Last year our Subcommittee held extensive current proposal for the Defense Documen­ else", not the middle m.anagement official hearings on the subject of Centralization of tation Center to establish a data bank on who generates the data and m.anages the re­ Federal Science Activities. We expect to have independent research and development ac­ search and development programs. Further­ specific recommendations ready in the near tivities had obvious merit. But I went on to more, there is a reluctance to trust the ac­ future concerning a substantial reorganiza­ say that an organization such as the Science curacy of the information, because of its tion of science, research a.nd development Information Exchange, which Is the Federally degradation during the input process. Fina.Uy activities supported by the Federal govern­ funded agency responsible for collecting, there are subtle pressures to not use the ment. Following these specific proposals, we storing and retrieving technical and fiscal system because of the cost o! the hard copy are planning in depth hearings on national information on all unclassified government output and the bother of going through science policy in July of this year. supported research, seemed a. more logical channels. In looking back over these accomplish­ place for these data. It could then serve I should like to propose for consideration ments, as well as viewing our current acitivi­ the entire Federal government and not just a real-time information system which would ties, I find a common problem which we have the Department of Defense. We should also overcome some of these drawbacks. Let me faced in almost all of our activities. It is the attempt to avoid dupUcation of information at the outset acknowledge th-at peripheral one I referred to earlle-.c: No one really knows storage systems, just as we attempt to problems might arise if such a system as I what is going on right now. avoid unnecessary duplication of research propose were implemented. It is basically an Let me give you an example of what ! activities. in-house system, one !or the use of the Fed­ mean. For years we have foreseen the need to The information system which seems de­ eral government in managing its resources structure the NSF in such a manner as to sirable from my perspective in the Congress devoted to research and development. I permlt it to assume an increasingly larger should be, as you say in the trade, a real­ realize that there may be demands !or this proportion of the responsibility for the sup­ tlme one. We need today's information-not information in the private sector, and that port of academic science, especially basic re­ that which was put in the data bank during controversy over procedures for making it search. Over the past few years we have seen the last update eight or twelve months ago­ available might a.rise. I am happy to see that a slackening of commitment on the part of the Association is working on these problems for making decisions. Furthermore, we need of reconciling proprietary rights and the various mission agencies to basic research. the results of information which the middle The result has been increased pressure upon public Ln,terest in such matters. manager in government would consider pro­ The details of implementation I would the NSF to support many research projects prietary. We need the summation of his ten­ being cut off by the mission agencies. But leave to you, the experts in such matters. increased funds have not been made avail­ tative decisions on the support of individual But I am confident that if you decide my able to the Foundation, and we have seen research projects, his tentative decisions re­ suggestions will not work, or will be too ex­ the war in Vietnam and the demands for the garding areas of research which will receive pensive, you will come up with an even solution of social problems receive higher emphasis, quality judgments which might better system that will solve the problems priorities in the Federal budget. insult individuals or institutions, and fiscal which we all reoognlze. Our Subcommittee addressed this problem information concerning salaries, subcontracts This ideal system would be government week in hearings on the fiscal 1971 NSF and other sensitive areas. Note that I stated wide in scope. last we need the summation of this information authorization b111. Before a solution can be It would include bo.th researoh and de­ worked out to this problem of research proj­ for our purposes, not the individual bits and velopment activities. ects being transferred to the NSF, we need to pieces. It would contain both technical and fiscal quantify the problem. That is, we need to get This information system should be one information. from the Federal agencies an answer to the which ls useful to the middle manager who It would contain both "hard" and "soft" following question: "For fl.seal 1970 and fiscal must generate the data. One hears more and dasta useful in the decision-making process. 1971 what academic science activities will more complaints from such people that they For instance, tentative budget levels, quality end because of budget reductions in your are "working for the computer". Generation judgments, and decisions to support, con­ agency?" of requirements not already in being should tinue, or end projects would be included, This sounds like a. simple question to ask be a.voided, and the impedance mismatch even though subject to abrupt changes and of any outfit that uses an up-to-date infor­ associated with inserting and extracting in­ revisions. mation system with nano-second switching formation should be minimized. The information would be inserted, erased, times and gig-bit memories. But what an­ The information system should be useful updated, and to some extent emracted di· swer did we receive? Well, 1968 data was to the middle manager in his own daily rou­ rectly by the responsible middle management available and complete. 1969 data. was be­ tine. He should control the input data, erase official, for example, the appropriate project ginning to be available, and some agencies its memory, and make the decisions on out­ scientist or program officer. He would per­ were able to provide it. With regard to 1970 put for his own uses. This information sys­ form these functions withilll broad guide­ and '71 data we were asked to wait a couple tem should be a substitute for, rather than lines in a manner which he sees flt. an addition to, his present record keeping ac­ In order to insure real-time characteristics of yea.rs. tivities. We would be more than happy to wait, ex­ a certain fl.exibilLty in input format and com­ Protection must be ironclad for the pro­ pleteness would be necessary. For example, cept that our executive sessions for the pur­ prietary data in memory, if the system is to a typical research proposal to the NSF might pose of marking up the Science Foundation function effectively. For example, te.llltative be inserted with an appropriate title, ab­ bill should be completed this week. The sub­ decisions to support a. particular research stracts, fiscal and maillpower information. stantive decisions which we, as Congressmen, proposal should no.t be accessible on an in­ But suppose a particular proposal did not must make on this 1971 budget cannot wait dividual basis to :the legislative branch or to contain a suitable abstract. I would say that a couple of yea.rs. high level executive branch personnel. Totals, it is more important to g-0 ahead a.nd put in The information systems which we pres­ however, would be available. Appropriate what ls available-that is, leave out the a.b­ ently use in research management may be controls could likewise be worked out con­ stra.c~ince generating one from. the text of excellent repositories for historical informa­ cerning quality rankings, budgetary data the proposal could be too time consuming tion, but they have not been as useful as and certain other sensitive items. for the responsible but very busy program they should be in furnishing information for I should like to amplify my remarks on officer at the NSF. policy decisions. What we need ls a "real-time the ''impedance matching" of the middle I cannot give you a judgment regarding management information system" for co­ manager to the information system. As I how to reduce these suggestions to a practi­ ordination and management of the Federal understand it, our present system is hier­ cal operating system, but I can make a few science research and development enterprise. archical in nature to a degree which would observations. I should like to describe some of the desir­ make any medieval monarch proud to call it Direct access by responsible middle man­ able characteristics in such a system, and his own. Data input is accomplished by gen­ agement personnel would require satellite in­ ask you in the audience-being experts in the era.ting a requirement at the highest echelon, put/output stations with visual display, and field-to think about such a system and tell and standard forms are sent down through perhaps hard copy capabil1ty, "down the hall" me 1! it is practical. the chain of command. These are filled out from the middle management user. But before describing it, I should like to from "hard copy" which is often generated Decentralized decision ma.king on what is point out another reason that we need such a specifically for this purpose, key punched by to be in memory would be necessary. That is, system. It would be nice 1! we did not limit clerical employees, and inserted into memory. control over the content of certain "ad­ it just to research, but could put information "Proofs" are then sent back for review by the dresses" should be vested in those middle on development projects into it as well. It middle man.ager who generated the data, and management officials who generate the in­ would be desirable to interrelate in this sys­ corrections are fed back Into the system. formation and who are the predominant tem information on basic and applied re­ Periodic updating is depended on to keep the users. search and development. information current. It would be nice to have the capab1llty for April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10705 making a direct query of responsible middle son can be found in the manner in which vigorously during the 1968 campaign. True management officials, putting their response the executive branch has failed to make to his word, President Nixon has revamped directly into the system. available to the C,ongress essential in­ the information policies of his predecessor. Let me explain what I mean by this. The formation included in a 1966 Tariff Com­ STR still won't release the report. But now question which I referred to earlier on aca­ the reason is that the report is "privileged demic science activities ending during acer­ mission study on.the probable damage to Executive Branch communication." tain time period because of budget reductions the U.S. chemical industry of abolishing There can be little question of the "rele­ could very well not be answered from exist­ the American selling price. The fallowing vancy" of the commission's report to full con­ ing information in such an ideal system. But article from Chemical & Engineering sideration of the Administration's proposal why not have blank spaces in the addresses News aptly describes the administration's to repeal ASP which is now pending in Con­ associated with each grant or contract. so unreasonable and unjustified position: gress. Moreover, neither the present Admin­ that the program officer could furnish the istration nor its predecesssor has yet offered information directly to the data bank in re­ NIXON KEEPS LID ON ASP REPEAL IMPACT a reasonable justification for refusing to re­ sponse to a phone ca.11. The scenar.io might STUDY lease the nonconfidential portions of the go something like this. A congressional in­ (By Louis A. Agnello) report. quiry is relayed to our information system, Freedom of information-the public's right and an appropriate blank space set up in to know what its government is doing and which to put the answer in the addresses as­ why-has become something of a stock issue EDITORIAL COMPARES CARSWELL sociated with each grant or contra.ct. The in Presidential campaigns of recent times. It WITH DOUGLAS question is relayed to each agency. which in was particularly so in the 1968 campaign turn passes the question on to the individual with Presidential aspirant Nixon ta.king pot project scientists or program officers. The shots at Johnson's information policies and HON. PAUL G. ROGERS project scientist or his secretary then goes to OF FLORmA the nearest satellite input station, pushes the pledging himself to an "open" administra­ tion. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES appropriate buttons for each grant or con­ President Nixon's "open" administration is tract for which there is an affirmative an­ now in its 15th month. But if there has been Tuesday, April 7, 1970 swer. A null answer automatically appears in any lifting of the information floodgates dur­ Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, all other grants and contracts. The results are ing that period, the signs are not readily ap­ appropriately summed and the answer is parent. A chemical case in point is the Nixon the Senate will tomorrow, April 8, vote available within a da.y. Administration's refusal to make available on the confirmation of Judge G. Harrold In conclusfon let me emphasize my belief the 1966 Ta.riff Commission study of the Carswell to the U.S. Supreme Court. A that sound management practices a.re neces­ probable effects on the U.S. chemical in­ timely editorial of April 1, 1970, deserv­ sary if the U.S. is to continue its preeminent dustry of the removal of the American Sell­ ing of attention, appeared in the Sun­ position in science and technology. We have ing Price (ASP) system of customs valua­ Sentinel newspaper, Pompano Beach, done well in the pa.st, but changing require­ tion. The long-standing feud between the ments call for changed organizational forms Fla. I wish to insert that editorial at Industry and the White House Office of Spe­ this point in the RECORD for the benefit and administrative procedures. cial Representative for Trade Negotiations We observe that changes are already in (STR) over STR's continued refusal to re­ of my colleagues: process in both the executive and the legis­ lease the report surfaced again earlier this CoNFmM CARSWELL, OR IMPEACH DOUGLAS lative branches of government. New demands month when Ronald A. Lang, executive secre­ (By William A. Mullen) for Technology Assessment, environmental tary of the Synthetic Organic Chemical Man­ The Old Testament philosophy o! an eye quality. transportation, housing and other ufacturers Association (SOCMA), demanded areas must be met. Pressures are building to for an eye and a tooth for a tooth may not that STR make the report available before have popular appeal in these kindly days reorganize our present governmental struc­ Congress begins its trade deliberations next ture for the support of research and develop­ when "human rights" are considered to be month. Labeling the report "probably the transcendent over property rights, irrespec­ ment in order to meet these needs. single most important document in the pres­ Criticisms of the shortcomings In our tive of the intent or menace presented by ent debate over ASP," Mr. Lang accuses STR the claimant of human rights against a fel­ present system of support for research and of suppressing the commission's findings "be­ development, and desire on the part of the low man seeking to protect his property cause they could prove embarrassing In rights. Congress and the public for an overview of light of the ASP side agreement STR entered our activities in this regard, assure us of fur­ There is, however, room for the "even­ into during the Kennedy round of trade Steven" theory, no matter how much it may ther changes. We must take the necessary negotiations. steps now to assure a. dynamic and viable be opposed by an element which wants every­ (Under the 1967 side agreement in ques­ thing its own way, but which can see no system for the management of Federally tion, EEC, the U.K., and Japan agreed to cut sponsored research and development in the justification in the other side gaining even their chemical tariffs an additional 30% the flimsiest of concessions. future. if the White House could prevail upon Con­ The basic ingredient for an effective and It is on these grounds that there is merit gress to do away with ASP-the contro­ to the proposition by Sen. Harry S. Byrd Jr., more efficient management of our scientuic versial system under which duties on ben­ D-Va., that if the Senate fails to endorse research and development is an information zenoid chemical imports are assessed on the Circuit Judge G. Harrold Carswell as an as­ system which can furnish on a real-time basis of their U.S. selling price.] sociate justice of the United States Supreme basis that data basic to the decision making Submitted to STR by the commission in c o u rt, then impeachment proceedings process. I would challenge you who have the October 1966, the commission's report has against Associate Justice William 0. Douglas necessary expertise and insight to provide us yet to see the light of day despite repeated would be in order. With such a system. efforts by the domestic industry, labor lead­ Indeed, the case against Mr. Justice Doug­ ers, members of Congress, and newsmen to las has more substance than do the supposi­ pry it loose. At first STR contended that tions against Judge Carswell. the commission's conclusions were "not The Carswell antagonists reach far back U.S. FOREIGN TRADE POLICY meaningful, and Indeed hardly intelligible, Into the pa.st to pounce upon assertions that Without access to the confidential business were in keeping With their times, to condemn information" relied upon by the commis­ the jurist until doomsday as a "racist," never HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. sion and which the commission was pro­ willing to be forgiving because he has not re­ OF NEW JERSEY hibited by law from releasing. Later STR nounced the sin of common sense to join took the position that even the commission's their cause. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conclusions contained confidential business And when the racism allegation is refuted Tuesday, April 7, 1970 information-which was hardly consistent by Negroes or attorneys who otherwise might with what it said initially or with then Spe­ be regarded as the chattel of the liberal Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, some pub­ cial Representative for Trade Negotiations camp, then it is claimed that such endorse­ lic issues seem to go on and on, without William M. Roth's own description of the ment results from pressure. The charge, o! visible change from one administration commission's findings. "The commission ad­ course, comes from a source that is intolerant to another. It is beginning to appear that Vised whether particular concessions would and intransigent insofar as conflict o! opin­ such is the case with national trade pol­ or would not have an 'adverse effect' on do­ ion is concerned, and a practitioner of pres­ icy and trade legislation growing out of mestic producers, i.e., whether 'this con­ sure. the last series of Kennedy round nego­ cession would or would not result In in­ Coupled with the racism fabrications tiations. The Congress wisely failed to creased imports that would have significant aaainst Judge Carswell are the contentions efl'ect on employment, profit levels, use of that he does not measure up to the caliber of act upon the former administration's productive facilities, or on one or more of the type of appointee who should sit on the foreign trade proposals that included the these economic facto?S," Mr. Roth said. nation's highest bench. abolishment of ASP. The same treatment All this, of course, transpired under the There, we think, the Carswell foes have deserves to be accorded the Nixon admin­ information policies of the Johnson Ad.m.in- overplayed their hand and, regardless of how istration's trade bill. One very good rea- 1stra.tion that candidate Nixon assailed so the battle is resolved, there should be a 674--Part 8 10706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 definite attempt to ensure that the court existence of the farmer on a vast and resolution condemned Britain for not using measures up to the standards which the Cars­ frigid land of 80,000 square miles which force to bring Rhodesia to heel. well foes say are lacking in the President's extends from the eastern borders of Po­ Charles Yost, our ambassador to the UN, nomination. explained the support of the resolution If personal conduct, respect for the court land to the Western approaches of Mos­ would condemn American citizens in Rho­ and intellectual responsibility are the criteria cow. In 1795, their land was overrun by desia. to isolation With no recourse to help. set by the Carswell opponents and claimed the Moscovites. When the czarist regime There are significant US economic interests to be beyond his capabilities, then the same tried to obliterate all traces of nationalis­ at stake. The United States had an ob1!­ meas\}rements must be applied to Mr. Justice tic feeling among the Byelorussians, gation to oppose condemnation of Britain. Douglas as an incumbent who must be re­ these rugged people resisted, finally seiz­ The psychological effects of the veto on garded as no longer flt to rule from the land's ing upon the chaotic conditions at the American relations with black Africa, how­ highest court. outbreak of World War I as a desperate ever, may be serious. The recent closing of Judge Carswell may be accused of medioc­ opportunity to establisr.. their own na­ our consulate in Rhodesia becomes a mean­ rity, which has not been proved. But he 1s ingless gesture in the struggle against apar­ not responsible for wild decisions that gave tional independence. theid. The veto perils much of the goodwill the edge to criminals in misguided over­ The first all-Byelorussian Congress won by Secretary of state Rogers on his 16 protection of individual rights. met much like the founders of our own day tour of Africa. It makes suspect the Judge Carswell may be accused of inept­ country met, to establish a new nation Nixon administration's profession of a new ness, but he is not an oftwedded and oft­ free from the burdens and bondage of US interest in the African continent. divorced marital gadfly in position to rule a stranglehold possessor nation. They As Diallo Telli of Guinea, secretary gen­ unwisely against school prayers, on the mat­ adopted a resolution endorsing the right eral of the Organization of African Unity, ter of pornography, or law as it applies to told Rogers in Addis Ababa; Rhodesia, South American tradition. of nations to self-determination and overwhelmingly called for the establish­ Africa and the Portuguese colonies "are the Judge Carswell may be accused of not negation of' everything that stands for hu­ having written landmark decisions in sing­ ment of a democratic government to man dignity." ular prose during his long tenure in the shape the destiny of this new nation. This moral judgment is correct. How long courts. On the other hand, he has not writ­ But the powerful Red army, sensing a can this country dodge the issue? ten for sex-oriented publications involved threat to their interests, forcibly dis­ in any case coming before his court. Nor has banded the Congress and attacked the he written a book conceding the revolution may be necessary for dissidents to register new republic. The Byelorussians fought their displeasure and to effect their desired valiantly for nearly a year, only to finally HOW TO BE SERIOUS AND FUNNY upheaval. fall under the heel of the Communist AT THE SAME TIME If what he is falls short of being philo­ State. Their land was made a part of the sophically and intellectually qualifled for the Soviet Union, but these peoples indomi­ Supreme Court, then either our mores are nable spirit could not be crushed. HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER au wrong, or Mr. Justice Douglas has no Today the Byelorussians still tend to OF NEW .JERSEY place in fabricating the law of the land. their farms and simple customs in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And if the anti-Carswell liberal senators heart of Russia. But they have not lost Tuesday, April 7, 1970 wm not apply their exacting yardstick to the hope for freedom nor the love of their such an incumbent; if they refuse to endorse Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, one Judge Carswell on separate and unequal land, and they live with the destiny of terms, then they Will !lave forfeited their their little nation ever foremost in their of the great pleasures of the Washington privilege to advise and consent upon presi­ minds and hearts. The Byelorussian na­ scene is the opportunity to read Art dential nominations to the U.S. Supreme tional headquarters here in America Buchwald in the Washington Post. His Court. strives to keep this spirit alive, to sus­ columns are consistently funny and, tain the hope of their people. And today, equally important, always strike directly on the behalf of this lost nation that to the heart of important problems. BYELORUSSIAN ANNIVERSARY scarcely uttered its first breaths before A particular example was his recent being crushed, I offer my fervent prayer column on the difficulties of utilizing HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN that one day soon the words of their credit card firm's computers while the mail strike was underway. While Mr. OF NEW YORK declaration of independence will again ring true and these people will again be Buchwald creates a fantasy in which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRF.BENTATIVES free to create the covered destiny of their computers completely exceed the grasp Tuesday, April 7, 1970 nation, Byelorussia. of humans and spew out long lists of Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, March "deadbeats" in spite of unmechanized 25 commemorated the 52d anniversary and ineffective attempts to make them of that brief moment in 1918 when the understand the fact of the mail strike, a Byelorussian National Council declared THE UNITED STATES AND RHO­ very serious problem does exist in real their independence from the Russian DESIA: WHERE DO WE STAND ON time. That is the inability of credit card State. APARTHEID? holders to reach a human being in large The Byelorussian American Associa­ automated firms. tion's national headquarters is located HON. HENRY S. REUSS Mr. Speaker, on March 3 of this year, in my congressional district, and I join I introduced H.R. 16266 and H.R. 16267 OF WYSCONSIN which provide that if a creditor refuses with them in the fervent hope that these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES people attain their long-sought inde­ to make correction, or at least humanly pendence from Russian rule. Speeches Tuesday, April 7, 1970 acknowledge receipt of a consumer com­ and remarks by Members of Congress Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ plaint, the consumer is relieved of the have served to remind the Russian peo­ ing editorial from the Milwaukee liability under discussion, and to forbid ple that we here in American still recog­ Journal of March 22, 1970, examines the creditors from reporting disputed ac­ nize their plight and are mindful of their United States' first Security Council veto counts to credit bureaus as delinquent. unfailing great strength and never-end­ in the 25-year history of the United Na­ And I called for the inclusion of both of ing hope for freedom. tions-a move which should make every those provisions in the credit industry In these tremulous times, when free­ American ask the disturbing question: control bill now being considered by the "Where do we stand on apartheid?": Consumers Affairs Subcommittee, when dom's candle flicker more and more I was its leadotf witness on March 17, faintly in so many parts of the world, I OUR FIRST UN VETO 1970. would like to remind my colleagues of The United States ca.st its first Security the Byelorussian people's long struggle Council veto in the 25 year history of the Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to insert for their freedom and their land. United Nations over the touchy question of Mr. Buchwald's column in the RECORD Since the beginning of the 13th cen­ Rhodesia. at this point. Mr. Buchwald's style is very The practical reasons are hard to deny. funny and it does not take away from his tury, these cow-ageous people have The African-Asian resolution called for cut­ strained against repeated shackles of ting all ties-political, economic, social, unique contribution to point out that for tyranny and bondage to preserve their etc.-With the rebel, racist run country, thousands of credit card holders, the sense of national honor and unity. They which broke with Great Britain earlier this subject under discussion is no laughing were content with the simple and mean month and declared itself a republic. The matter. The column follows: April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10707

MAIL STRIKE Is FRUSTRATING CONSCIENTIOUS OPEN THE DOOR WIDER rate is the highest percentage on record, and COMPUTERS still rising.) Many high school graduates, too, (By Art Buchwald) tell us they a.re fed up and distrust further HON. ANCHER NELSEN after-high-school education of any kind be­ NEW YORK-There have been many reper­ OF MINNESOTA cause of the academic emphasis. cussions over the mail strike. The most seri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA~c;i. ous is that in a computer age, it's hard to ex­ OTHER CONTRmUTING FACTORS plain to a computer what a mail strike is all Tuesday, April 7, 1970 We have neglected to keep pace with the about. needs of our earlier maturing youth. Our All large companies bill by computers and Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, George E. accelerated environment has made the teens when the bills are paid, the computers check Carlson, chairman of the board of the the decision ma.king years, not the twenties. them off. For a week now it's been impossible Minnesota Rubber Co., based in Minne­ They a.re making lifetime decisions earlier for computers in New Yor~ to send out bills, apolis, Minn., has provided me with a than we expect. Our present educational or to receive money for outstanding debts. thoughtful position paper stressing the system does not teach what they need to Therefore, the computers who are not con­ need for a national comprehensive high know early enough, especially a sense of re­ cerned with the postal workers' grievances school program. Mr. Carlson, who draws sponsibility and the ability to work. have become more frustrated and have been Many of today's welfare recipients and venting their anger on the list of people this conclusion in his capacity as chair­ unemployed a.re the product of the same stored in their machine. man of the education committee of the neglect. Contributing to our problem is our I was in the office of one of the major National Fluid Power Foundation, makes lack of vocational training. Consider the fact credit card companies in New York last week a most compelling case for broadening that we had 500,000 in vocational training and the manager was in the computer room the school program below the college level compared to Germany's 1,200,000 compre­ trying to talk to the computers. to include instruction in practical trades hensive school students. (From latest re­ The teletype of one computer kept print­ and other nonacademic subjects. ports.) ing: "Where is the money? Where is the Certainly, many of us agree that there EDUCATION COSTS money?" is a great need for more emphasis on Our school system is the largest industry Another computer was printing: "James is in the world with 46,000,000 students at a. a deadbeat, Jincks is a deadbeat, Jist is a vocational and technical education in total tax expenditure of 64.7 billion dollars deadbeat, Johnson is a deadbeat, Jones is a this country. In fact, it was because of in 1968, or $1348.00 per student ·annually. deadbeat, Juniper is a deadbeat. this need here in the Nation's Capital We a.re spending more money annually on A third computer was teleprinting: "Atten­ that I authored the legislation which education than do all the other countries tion! Attention! The credit of all people created the Washington Technical In­ in the world combined. The student cost of whose last name begins with 'A' through 'L' stitute. attending college is soaring. It becomes more has been canceled." So I am pleased to draw Mr. Carlson's difficult to go to college. More high school The manager kept running from computer ·comments to the attention of my col­ students will look for, and need a. practical to computer teleprinting, "Rescind That educational program. Order," but the computers were working leagues, and include his essay at this The experts agree: much faster than the manager. point in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: Carnegie Commission in their March 2, I watched him feed into one machine, OPEN THE DOOR WIDER 1970 repor'; stated: "We do not believe that "There is a postal strike! Do not do anything Many of our students in our present junior each young person should of necessity attend drastic until it is over." and senior high schools are wandering about college. Quite the contrary. Many do not The machine immediately responded, "I in an academic no-man's land. There is a want to and will not attend, and it can not am not concerned with postal strike. If peo­ la.ck of programs educating them to earn a be shown that all young people will benefit ple don't pay their debts, they must be living and become responsible citizens. Most sufficiently from attendance to justify their punished." of today's students are unhappy, frustrated time and the expense involved. Inequality The manager rushed to the next machine and discouraged. This unrest must be of opportunity must not continue to sap which was printing, "King is a deadbeat, stopped with a practical educational chal­ the strength of our nation." Klotz is a deadbeat, Klutz is a deadbeat." lenge. Mr. E. R. May, Dean of Harvard Univer­ The manager typed out, "They are not Many students a.re violently opposing the sity said this month, in March 1970-"Har­ deadbeats. They're victims of an act of God." pattern of life that formed this country. Fol­ vard maps big changes in curriculums to The machine printed back, "I do not be­ lowers of radical groups protest against our open doors in vocational training." live in God. Lachman ls a deadbeat, Lengel existing educational system with campus Brown University is also changing its pro­ is a deadbeat, Longworth is a deadbeat." ha.voe. Frustrated students revert to drugs gram. "Please," the manager teletyped, "Don't and crime. Drop outs are not challenged to Mr. Robert Finch, Secretary of Health, come to any conclusions while the mails are seek out a goal in life because they have not Education and Welfare at the National not working." been properly prepared by our present edu­ School Principals' Convention in February, "You're going soft," the machine teletyped cational structure. 1970: "The high schools are in a stage of back. "If you're not careful, you'll be a dead­ We quote Dr. Malcolm Moos, President of breakdown whose symptoms are too clear­ beat, too." the University of Minnesota: "You ain't seen violence, drugs, dropouts, incredibly mobile The manager was in tears. "I can't stop nothing yet-wait until you see their suc­ and unhappy students of this dilemma.." them," he said. "We've trained them to be cessors." The Federal Office of Education: "High so efficient that they won't accept any ex­ WHO IS TO BLAME? school programs must be revised to reach cuses. At this rate they're going to mark the students that are not reached by aca­ -every one who has a credit card lousy. We'll Our schools are teaching as though 90 % demic programs only." be out of business." of our students should be professionals and Dr. John Rankin, former president of "Why don't you pull the electric plug college trained. M.I.T.-"We have to do something for our on the computers?" I suggested. The Ohio census disclosed that only 7% % youth as public education should not only "It's no good. They can work on auxiliary of industry's employment opportunities re­ touch on general education, but certainly power. There's no way ot stopping them!' quired a college degree. Yet, 81 % of all the should include teaching of subjects covering A computer was teletyping, "The follow­ youths in their schools were enrolled ta.king practical life and trades." a college preparatory program. Government ing people should be immediately arrested Dr. C. M. Woodward, past president of and all property confiscated-Paine, Peace, reports show that 70% of our 82,000,000 em­ Washington University: "Put the whole boy Potter, Plunkett, Pruneau, Punter, Raskin, ployed are workers and craftsmen. or girl to school-his hand and heart as well Roberts, Rogers .•." THE STATISTICS OF SCHOOL FAILU11ES as his head." The manager typed back, "No, No, No, From government reports: Only 7% % of Mr. Archie Moore, past world champion No. They're innocent." all students who enter the first grade will boxer: "A boy can-ABC, 1! we teach him The computer typed, "Get your filthy hands graduate from college. Of all those who how early enough to learn by doing:• off the keys of my teleprinter." graduate from high school, only 18% will THE PROVEN SOLlJTION complete college studies. There 1s no con­ The manager was white. "I have no choice. The proven solution is a comprehensive To save the company, I'll have to push the sideration for the 82 % who will not grad­ uate from college. high school program. Vocational training 1S self-destruct button." combined with a full academic program to "You're going to blow up the computers." COMPULSORY ACADEMIC EDUCATION ONLY create a comprehensive high school. The stu­ "It's either them or us." He broke the Every state compels students to attend dent has his choice of a complete academic glass on the wall, and pushed the red outton. school until they are 16 years old. When they schedule, or part academic with vocational There was a thunderous explosion followed graduate from elementary school at sixth training. Either way, he has the necessary by smoke. When the smoke cleared, I looked grade, or 12 years old, they must enroll in credits for college upon graduation. These around. All the computers seemed to be junior and senior high school. The program schools offer training, such as: Tool and die, working. One started teleprinting, "As I was offered is exclusively academic and college machinist. auto mechanic, hydraulic, elec­ saying before I was interrupted, Mayfield oriented only. This la.ck of choice creates most tronic computer, nursing, cooking, sewing, is a deadbeat, Minton is a deadbeat, Morgan of our youth problems. They become discour­ cosmetology, stenography, drafting, book- is a deadbeat, Mullins ts a deadbeat •• :• aged and drop out. (Presently, our drop out keeping, comptometer anct many more. 1 10708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970

BENEFITS AND POTENTIALS Percent these were extracted by brutality and tor­ The student receives the necessary skills Parents ------94 ture. for immediate employment upon graduation Voters ------78 As a result of this brave refusal to follow if he can not, or will not go on to college. High school students------57 the regime's carefully prepared courtroom The value in attaining a skill provides the Industrial manufacturers ______89 script, the military tribunal has refused to incentive to remain in school. Union membership stating that it is the hear any more statements by defendants al­ Industry's acceptance has been overwhelm­ school's responsibility------76 leging torture and has ordered Greek news­ ing-Bl% of the comprehensive high school This practical program needs the help of papers not to print any such charges. Thus graduates are successfully employed in the people like you With exerience and knowl­ another remnant of press freedom and an­ trade they've studied. Many are recruited by edge. We feel this program should become a other fixture of fair trial procedure disappear industry before graduation. national concept. Our only goal . . • helping in Greece. Journeyman status is obt ained by many solve the problems of today's youth. Press freedom was also quashed in a second graduates after just one year in the field. How can you help? Let us know. military trial being held simult aneously in Dropouts have been reduced substantially Athens. The editor of the newspaper Ethnos in all these schools. A comprehensive school -GEO. E. CARLSON. was sentenced to five years in prison and in Pennsylvania reports a reduction from fined $8,300; a former Cabinet minister was 28 % to 4%. sentenced to four-and-a-half yea.rs. Ethnos Students have a greater desire to go on to had published an interview in which the ex­ college for further training in engineering TERRORIZING THE GREEK PRESS Minister called for restoration of democracy. and technical skills. (The enrollments in The most drama.tic moment in either trial these courses have been decreasing at an came when former Premier Pana.yotis Canel­ alarming rate which has college faculties and HON. DON EDWARDS lopoulos, testifying for the 34, warned the industry worried.) OF CALIFORNIA ruling colonels that their ever-increasing This program gives every person a chance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES repression made a revolutionary upheaval to fulfill his personal goals and earn a living inevitable. regardless of his background, especially the Tuesday, AprtZ 7, 1970 blacks, ghetto residents and other minority Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. ATHENS JAILS SIX FOR PuBLISHING ELECTIONS groups. We have found the student wlll at­ PLEA tend any school when he knows he will re­ Speaker, when an unconstitutional, to­ ceive practical training for steady employ­ talitarian military junta grabbed power ATHENS.-A military court sent an oppo­ ment. in Greece in April 1967, one of its first sition politician and five newspaper execu­ HOW AND W.HERJE tives to jail today on charges of spreading acts was to close down the 15 Athens false rumors. Another politician promptly The comprehensive school has, and can newspapers. called the sentence an attempt to "terrorize be, tailored to meet the needs of the com­ When the press was allowed to resume the press" and a shame for the Greek army. munity. The vocational and academic di­ publication, the most prominent conserv­ The court convicted former Industry Min­ visions are located in the same building ative publisher, Mrs. Eloni Vlachou, de­ ister Ioannis, Zigdis, three publishers and when the school is large enough. Some in fiantly refused to publish the junta's two editors of the newspaper Ethnos of additions to present buildings; others use handouts, closed her papers, was placed spreading false rumors and propaganda. The separate vocational buildings centrally lo­ case stems from publication of an interview cated to serve the needs of three or four high under house arrest, and later escaped to make her way to England. The re­ in which Zigdis called for a return to demo­ schools in a comprehensive effort. Some of cratic rule. The court sentenced the six men the present vocational school facilities have maining papers operated under a cloud to prison terms ranging from 13 months to been successfully converted to comprehensive of censorship and harassment. 5 yea.rs. high school operation. Only one, the Ethnos, dared to test "These sentences are part of an effort to When a student enrolls in junior high the claim of the junta that it recently terrorize the press, which is now opera.ting school he is assigned certain periods in the had restored partial freedom of the press. in a state of merely theoretical freedom," vocational division to allow experimenting in former Foreign Minister Evangelo Saveroff various trades. He receives counseling guid­ In the last week we have witnessed the ance to find the trade which best fits his result: The top five editors of Ethnos said in a statement to foreign newsmen. were arrested, tried by a military court, "Newspapers a.re no longer accepting arti­ a.bllity. He then proceeds with his four year cles by myself or other politicians. This training program. and sentenced to prison terms of up to proves that the efforts have brought fruit." The program is basically economical. The 6 years. Their crime? They published an The Ethnos trial ended early today in the saving in support costs alone makes it worth­ article by a former Member of Parlia­ same courthouse where another military tri­ while. The unskilled person and his family ment, Ionnis Zigdis, calling for a return bunal was trying 34 persons on cha.rges of wlll be removed from welfare. Complete plans to democracy. Thus it was that Ethnos, trying to overthrow the government of for implementing this program a.re available. Premier George Papadopoulos. These charges Many school bond issues have been rejected founded in 1913 and closed only once be­ fore in its history-during the Nazi oc­ carry possible death sentences. lately but every bond issue incorporating this The six men were each fined $6,600. The comprehensive high school program has been cupation-was forced to go out of busi­ newspaper that carried the interview with passed with a good margin. ness. Zigdis, lost its right to tax-free newsprint In most cases, the comprehensive school has our own policymakers have often been for five months. a 16 hour day. Classes are offered to all the insensitive to the moral n.nd political im­ Halamaras gave Zigdis 4% years, Ethnos residents of the community-students, adults plications of United States association Chief Editor Ioa.nnis Ka.psis five yea.rs, Pub­ and dropouts. with the repressive junta. In the view of lisher Constantinos Kyrlazls four years, As­ The comprehensive high schools have been sistant Publishers Achilles Kyriatis and Con­ operating successfully in many communities many, the junta could not survive with­ stantinos Nicolopoulos three years and Man­ from coast to coast. A few are-Cleveland, out the implicit and explicit support it .aglnJ Editor Constantinos Economidis 13 Ohio; Kansas City, Kansas; Denver Colorado; receives from American military figures months. Kenosha, Wisconsin; Erie, Pennsylvania; in NATO and the Pentagon. It is a situa­ Ca.mp Springs, Maryland and Millville, New tion which should make the Statue of GREEK PAPE& SUSPENDS AFTER EDITORS Jersey. The Newton, Massachusetts public Liberty weep. ARE JAILED schools have one technical school serving ATHENS.-The dally newspaper Ethnos two comprehensive schools under a grant For nearly 3 years tragedy has followed made by the Ford Foundation. (A complete tragedy in that ancient land. It may yet stopped publication today for an indefinite not be too late for us to change our period because its publishers and top editors list of many more is available.) were convicted and imprisoned yesterday for Thirteen suburban school districts on the course. I hope we do. violating martial law. western perimeter of Minneapolis have an­ Under leave to extend my remarks in The staff was advised of the shutdown nounced plans to build two schools to serve the RECORD, a series of articles describ­ after the paper went to press today for the as a vocational division for their thirteen last time. comprehensive high schools. ing the Ethnos tragedy follows: (From the New York Times, Apr. 5, 1970) The decision to stop publishing was made Many of these school districts in the states by the imprisoned publishers in consultation that a.re opera.ting now are expanding the GREECE: STUDIES IN COURAGE With their lawyers. operation as fast as money is available; the Greek democrats continue to fight back The employes felt they could no longer program ls spreading. against the spreading tyranny of the ruling run the paper on their own without someone PUBLIC OPINION FAVORS COMPREHENSIVE HIGH army junta with a stubborn courage that being responsible for its editorial content, as SCHOOL PROGRAMS leaves free men everywhere heavily in their the law requires. Polls taken by newspapers, regional reports debt. Ten of 34 distinguished Athenians on An announcement tacked to a board in the and government reports indicate endorse­ trial for sedition by a military court have paper's secondfloor editorial room advised ment as follows: now repudiated earlier confessions, saying the 100 employes: "After today's decision of April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10709 the copublishers, as of Saturday, the paper discoverer of penicillin, said the bombs the refugee from Asia Minor in 1922. One of his suspends publication indefinitely." defendants are accused of having exploded son's best-selling historical novels was "The There was no immediate government com­ were in fact firecrackers meant as an "a.caus­ Lost Fatherland," about the mass migration ment on the paper's decision to suspend pub­ tic protest" against the regime. of Greeks from the Turkish coast of the lication. The military court adjourned until tomor­ Aegean. Convicted. and jailed were the Constan­ row, when it will continue to hear defense The son was born in Athens in 1929 and tine Nioolopoulos, Achileas Kyriazis, his witnesses. studied at the American-run Athens College. brother Constantine, chief editor John Kapsis He started with Ethnos in 1929 as a translator and managing editor Constantine Econo­ JURISTS PROTEST TRIAL BAR of dispatches from foreign news services. mides, and excabinet minister John Zigdis. GENEVA, April 2.-The International Com­ Spotted as a bright young man, he worked In an interview published by Ethnos on mission of Jurists said today that the Greek his way up through the ranks. By the time March 24, Zigdis called for a national unity authorities had "once more publicly dem­ he reached the editorship, there was not a government to replace the a-rmy-backed onstrated their indifference to the rule of job on the paper he could not do. regime. law" by barring foreign observers from a Mr. Kapsis finds nothing unusual in a 20- Ethnos, founded in 1913, had suspended military court now trying 34 persons on hour workday and has a reputation of pitch­ publication only once before in its history­ charges of subversion. ing in and doing any job that needed doing during the Nazi occupation of Greece from Two representatives of the commission, a to get the paper out. He writes almost as 1941 to 1944. private agency, were among the foreign law­ quickly as he talks and does both effectively. The paper had become an outspoken critic yers who protested Monday that they had ACCUSER OF PAPANDREOUS of the present Athens regime since press been denied access to the Athens courtroom. censorship was lifted in November. Politically, Mr. Ka.psis was a follower of the late George Papandreous's Center Union and [From the New York Times, Apr. 3, 1970] was a close friend of his son, Prof. Andreas [From the New York Times, Apr. 3, 1970] DEFIANT GREEK EDITOR-JOANNIS KAPSIS Papandreous, the expatriate former minister EFFORT TO TERRORIZE PRESS LAID TO ATHENS ATHENS, April 2.-Joannis Kapsis will be who leads the Panhellenic Liberation Move­ ATHENS, April 2.-A former Foreign Minis­ unable to address the Overseas Press Club ment. ter of Greece, Evangelos Averoff-Tossizza, ac­ in New York tomorrow on Present-Day Work­ Mr. Kapsis deplores communism and speaks cused the military-backed regime today of ing Conditions for Greek Journalists, as he with angry eloquence of the fate of the press trying to "terrorize" the Greek press through had been invited to do. under Communist regimes. harsh court-martial sentences on journal­ The Athens military court spoke first and When the military seized power in Greece ists. exhausted the topic early today when it sent three years ago, Mr. Kapsis was arrested, but The former minister deplored the heavy Mr. Ka.psis to jail for five yea.rs for printing was released after nine days. He was detained prison terms and fines imposed by a special in Ethnos, his defiant newspaper, an inter­ by security police again for 24 hours last military tribunal on three publishers and view calling for the restoration of democracy sumxner. two editors of the Athens daily Ethnos for in Greece. He had made a special application for a printing an interview that urged restoration What infuriated the 41-year-old editor passport to address the Overseas Press Club. of democracy in Greece. was that for the last five months he had been Although Greeks arrested for any reason are Ethnos, the only defiantly antiregime daily nettling the country's military-backed re­ usually barred from leaving the country, he of the ten printed in Athens, may have to gime with defiant double-meaning head­ had high hopes of getting out. "He was look­ shut down this week following the sentenc­ lines and cartoons, yet the military judges ing forward to the trip with boyish enthu­ ing of its executives to terms ranging from convicted him for having printed an inter­ siasm" a colleague said. 13 months to five years. Fines totaling $45,- view with someone else. His wife, Eleftheria (the name means 000 were imposed on the debt-ridden paper. The latest, if not the last, installment of "freed.om"), holds down a bank job as well The Ethnos executives sentenced were "Let There Be Freedom," one of Mr. Kapsis' as making a home for their sons, aged 15 Yiannis Kapsis, the editor; Constantine Eco­ historical novels, appeared in Ethnos today and 10. She and her eldest son, Pantelis, n_omides, the managing editor, and the pub­ as he began his sentence. watched the two-day court-martial until the lishers, Constantine Kyriazis, Achilles Kyria­ It was uncertain whether the newspaper, verdict came at 1 : 30 this morning. "He's in zis and Constantine Nikolopoulos. Also fined whose circulation had risen from 17,000 to jail by mistake," she said. and sentenced was Ioannis Zigdis, a former 42,000 in the last few months, could survive "When I was arrested," Mr. Kapsis told Cabinet minister who gave the interview. the imprisonment of its three publishers and the military judges, "it was a complete sur­ prise. I said to myself: 'Gosh I must have PRESS FREEDOM CALLED NOMINAL two chief editors and the fines of the equiva­ lent of $50,000 that the military court im­ forgotten to pay the taxes again!' " The newspaper, which was founded in 1913, posed. The men were all arrested nine days Two officers of the press section of security has been put .out by its junior staff since ago. police told the court believed Mr. Ka.psis was March 24, when the publishers and editors ARRESTS NOT UNEXPECTED behind all this "antiiiational propaganda." were arrested on charges of "spreading false "He is an exceptionally capable journalist," reports likely to cause anxiety to citizens." The possibility of arrest was something Mr. one of them said. Mr. Averoff-Tossizza said: "The heavy sen­ Kapsis and the management of Ethnos had This unwelcome praise was reflected in Mr. tences passed on Ethnos are related to noth­ lived with for months. Mr. Ka.psis, with Con­ Kapsis's sentence, the heaviest of the six de­ ing except to the attempt to terrorize the stantine Kyriazis, the copublisher who took fendants. press while maintaining nominal press free­ the most active role in setting editorial pol­ Ioannis Zigdis, the former minister who dom." icy, had turned Ethnos into the only Athen­ gave the interview, was sentenced to four and "I am deeply sorry that those degrading ian newspaper defiantly hostile to the mili­ a half years. Mr. Kyriazis received four years sentences were imposed by men wearing the tary-backed regime. and his two co-publishers, Achilles Kyriazis honored uniform of Greek officers, who have Mr. Kapsis, a sturdily built man with steel­ and Constantine Nikolopoulos, three years always been on the forefront of the fights for blue eyes and graying hair who gives the im­ each. The managing editor, Constantine Eco­ freedom." pression of having an inexhaustible supply nomides, was sentenced. to 13 months. Mr. Averoff-Tossizza, Foreign Minister from of energy, took over as editor in chief last fall 1956 to 1963 added, "I am even more grieved after the regime had proclaimed "freedom of [From the Christian Science Monitor] because the present tactics-which may the press." (By S. Christopher) change the appearance of the newspapers When Mr. Kapsis speaks of freedom of the press it is with passionate conviction. With ATHENs.-One of Greece's oldest dailies though not the proud Greek spirit, appear to has suspended publication indefinitely be­ condemn the efforts of those who had wished the backing of Mr. Kyriazis, he began probing the legal limits set for the press in Greece. cause it ran afoul of the Army-backed re­ for a. gradual, normal evolution, painless to gime. all." His first defiant headline became a classic in Its three copublishers and two of its top None of the other Athens dailies comment­ Greek journalism. Spread across the front ed today on the Ethnos verdict. page in three-inch-high letters, it read: editors have been sentenced by a court-mar­ "More Democracy." Above it in tiny print tial to stiff jail terms ranging from 13 months OTHER TRIAL CONTINUES was: "Chancellor Brandt Pledges--." to 5 years. Meanwhile, at another Athens trial, 28 Many Athenians would open their copies Ethnos, an afternoon daily, is the seventh witnesses testified for the defense of 34 of the newspaper asking, "What are they up Greek newspaper to cease publication since Greeks charged with having attempted to to today" Sometimes it would be a quip or the military coup in Greece three years ago topple the "political system and existing so­ a cartoon. Other days it would be something this month. cial order." like the text of the International Press In­ The Athens morning daily Kathimerini One defense witness, a former Supreme stitute report on the problems of the Greek and afternoon Mesimvrini of conservative Court judge, said it was absurd to try the press or the United States Senate Foreign Eleni Vlachou closed down shortly after the defendants under a. 23-yea.r-old antisedition Relations Committee's hearing on Greece April, 1967, coup. So did the Athens daily law that was intended to protect democracy with words such as ''torture" or "dictator­ Eleftheria of liberal Panos Kokkas. Both from "the sort of things that is happening ship" replaced by telltale dots. Mrs. Vlachou and Mr. Kokkas have since es­ in Greece." Mr. Ke.psis has been in journalism almost caped to Europe where they presently live Another witness, Mrs. Amalia. Fleming, the all his adult life. His father, Pantelis Kapsis, in exile. Greek-born widow of Sir Alexander Fleming, was a journalist who fled to Greece as a Also closed since the revolution are the 10710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 Communist Augi, the leftist Dimok:ratikl Al­ then went on to argue that the interview was ity ma.y be past. However, the conservation lagi, and the centrist Athenaikl. news and not opinion. challenge of the seventies requires that we Against the seven closed, two new dames He based his conclusions mostly on the seek a. reasonable balance between the de­ have sprung up-the Nea Politeia and Si­ deposition of police officers and of some little­ mands of our technology and the preserva­ merina, both progovernment. known individuals. He took the view that tion of our environment. LIBERAL CENTER BACKED both the paper and Mr. Zigdis had sought to President Nixon has presented a sound and belittle the present government. Et hnos started publication in 1913 as a realistic program to the Congress which After announcement of the sentences one seeks to achieve this balance. But the chal­ staunch supporter of Greece's leading mod­ journalist commented: "This is not Justice ern statesman, Eleftherios Venizelos. Since lenge cannot be met by the federal govern­ but vindictiveness against the regime's most ment alone. It is for this reason that the then it has mostly supported the liberal cen­ outspoken newspaper and the free press." ter. It was one of the few Greek newspapers President has called for a major national ef­ to suspend publication du ring the Nazi fort which would enlist the support of pri­ occupation. vate industry, state and local governments The newspaper's publisher's and editors and, most importantly, individuals to com­ were charged with violating a criminal law JOHN J. RHODES REPORTS bat the assault upon our environment. It is springing from the recent press law and a a ca.use worthy of our dedication. military decree. On trial with them was John DEFENSE SPENDING Zigdis, former minister of industry and Cen­ HON. JOHN J. RHODES To hear some people tell the story, this ter Union Party depu·i:; y. OF ARIZONA Administration is spending unprecedented Specifically the six men were accused of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amounts for military purposes with the re­ disseminating false news, of inciting fear sult that domestic needs are being seriously among the citizens capable of undermining Tuesday, April 7, 1970 shortchanged. The budget is tight, it is said, confidence in government authority in the Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, periodi­ because of tremendous increases in defense armed forces, and in the currency and of cally I send a newsletter to my constitu­ spending benefiting no one but the infamous propogating unpatriotic propaganda. ents in the First Congressional District "military-industrial complex." The charges arose out of an interview Let's separate fiction from fa.ct: the fa.ct with Mr. Zigdis which appeared in Ethnos of Arizona regarding current congres­ iS that President Nixon's Budget for this year March 24 under the heading "Government sional activities. I am including the re­ reduces the percentage of funds spent for na­ of national unity." The interview was fea­ port of March 23, 1970, at this point in tional defense to the lowest level since 1950. tured as the first in a series giving answers the RECORD for the benefit of those who The fact is that the President's Budget re­ from the political world to questions on the may be interested: veals a major shift in national priorities. For latest Cyprus crisis and suggest ing possible JOHN J. RHODES REPORTS example, under the two previous Democratic solutions. Administrations (1960-1968) defense spend­ After its appearance Ethnos copublishers ENVIRONMENT ing was increased by 75 % . For the current Kostas and Achilles Kyriazis and Nicholas In his State of the Union address last Jan­ three-year Budget period (1968-1971) de­ Nikolopoulos, editor-in-chief John Capsis, uary, President Nixon voiced the concern of fense spending has been cut by 10 % , freeing managing editor Constantine Oikonomidis, millions of Americans. "In the next ten funds for important domestic needs. For the and Mr. Zigdis were promptly arrested and years," the President said, "we shall increase record, total spending for national defense ts brought before a five-man court-martial. our wealth by fifty percent. The profound estimated to drop to $73.6 billion in 1971; According to the law the publishers of a question is-does this mean that we will be $5.8 billion below 1970 and $7.7 billion below newspaper and the managing editor are liable fifty percent richer in the real sense, fifty 1969. to prosecution on such charges. But nonthe­ percent better off, fifty percent happier?" A good part of thiS savings has come a.bout less Mr. ca.psis also was arrested. Or, will we a.s a people be choked by traffic, through the reduction of waste and ineffi­ The military on the bench handed down suffocated by smog, poisoned by water, deaf­ ciency in the Department of Defense. Sec­ sentences even harsher than those demanded. ened by noise, terrorized by crime and cor­ retary Laird has seen his task as one of in­ by the prosecution. Mr. capsis was given five rupted of spirit? suring that every tax dollar invested in na­ years' imprisonment, the publishers received The true wealth of this country cannot be tional defense is spent wiSely. As a result, no terms of from three to four years, and Mr. measured in economic terms. Among other part of the Defense Budget has been exempt Zigdis 4% years. The octogenarian and ailing things, the well-being of all Americans is from his cost-cutting pencil. Mr. Oikonomidis, one of the oldest working directly related to the quality of our air, our In a move that should have been taken journalists in Greece today, received 13 land and our water. For too long we have years ago, the Secretary has announced the months. ignored the adverse effects that a burgeon­ closing of 371 obsolete and unnecessary mili­ All the defendants also received fines. Fi­ ing population and a rapidly changing tech­ tary bases and other military installations at nally, the duty-free newsprint privileges of nology have had upon our way of life. To­ a projected savings of approximately $914 Ethnos were suspended for five months. day, the problem of pollution has become a million. This brings to 718 the total number REMARKS INTERPRETED matter of national concern and, belatedly, of base closings since the Nixon Administra­ occupies stage center. tion took office Just over a year ago. Military The essence of the opinion expressed by Mr. On February 10, President Nixon sent to bases in Arizona, incidentally, have not been Zigdis in the interview was this: "The recent the Congress a. special message on the envi­ affected by these cutbacks. Williams Air tragic events on Cyprus show that the Greeks ronment. This was one of the longest and Force Base will experience a net gain in per­ on Cyprus are threatened by fratricidal divi­ most comprehensive messages received by the sonnel, primarily pilot instructors, in order sion. The bonds which unite Cyprus to Greece nation's lawmakers from the White House. It to augment its flight training program. The are being put to the test. Cyprus, now more outlined a 37-point environment progra.m, Army Intelligence School will be moved from than ever before, needs the affection, guid­ including 23 specific legislative requests and Fort Holabird in Baltimore, Maryland to Fort ance, and assLstance of Greece, all of which 14 new measures to be taken by administra­ Huachuca before the end of this year. can best be extended through a political gov­ tive action. I was pleased to cosponsor the It is clear that these reductions in the ernment. It is therefore recommended a gov­ level o! defense spending, even in the midst ernment of nation.al unity [in Greece) introduction of this legislation in the House of Representatives where hearings are now of an expensive war, are warranted. It iS through the return to democratic order." in progress. equally clear that this country cannot safely The defendants, their attorneys, and prom­ indulge itself in the indiscriminate cutting inent witnesses va.f.nly contended that the Briefly, the President's program consists of five major sections dealing with water pol­ o! funds necessary to our national defense. remarll:B of Mr. Zigdis constituted opinion Many persons today are apparently in favor and not news, and tha.t the la.w refers only to lution control, air pollution control, solid waste management, parklands and public of a wholesale dismemberment of America's news. They presented excerpts from many defense capability. This Administration has newspapers which they argued. were pre­ recreation, and organization for action. The Chief Executive has already taken several rejected that course of action, while contin­ sented. as news and might inspire fear and Uing to scale down military expencUtures at loss of confidence. Managing publisher steps in this latter category by creating a a pace consistent with our national security. Kostas Kyriazls t.ook the sole responsibility Council on Environmental Quality and a for the interview. Cabinet Committee on the Environment. LAOS Mr. Oikonomldis stated tha.t he was in no The challenge to our environment ha.s pro­ In recent weeks it has been darkly hinted way involved with the story. So ctid Mr. duced a certain bandwagon phenomenon that that the United States is deeply involved in Capsis and the other two publishers. can either be the needed impetus for con­ a. "secret war" in Laos; that our present in­ Sa.id Mr. Zigdls in his t.estimony, "The structive action or the catalyst for unwise volvement in that country ls merely the charge 1s in no way connected with the a.d­ and irresponsible proposals. Just as we can­ opening scenario to "another Vietnam." ministra.tion o! Justice. It a.1ms a.t scaring not afford to sacrifice our precious natural On March 6, President Nixon set the record John Zigdis and the Greeks. It even does no resources to an unbridled economic growth straight. "The total number of Americans justice to the regime since Lt pictures it as neither can we naively ignore the demands directly employed by the U.S. government in trembling." of 250 million Americans for food, housing, Laos is 616. In addition, there are 424 Ameri­ The prosecution had different views. "Free­ transportation and recreation. cans employed on contract," making a total dom of the press should not be confused with Because of our large and increasing popula­ of 1040. U.S. personnel in Laos has not been irresponsibility," said the prosecutor, a.nd he tion. the day of absolute environmental pur- increased during the past year and no such April 7, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10711 increase is planned. American air operations Ernst, J. A. Riggins, Jr., George F. Miller, No man can take from me my share of in Laos, a matter of public record for five Armando de Leon, Honorable John D. Driggs, America, for it is my birthright. But--and years, have been continued. Chuck Simmers, Robert Esterbrook, John this is the message in This Land of Ours­ The United States has provided logistical Hart Oliver III, Dan Mardian, Mr. and Mrs. I can give it away. I can lose it through in­ and air support at the request of the Royal Joe L. Keyes, Mr. and Mrs. Roy H. Lotterhos, difference, through laziness, through ignor­ Laotian Government. This government was Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Bayne, Harold L. Perry, ance. established in 1962 when fourteen nations, Gordon Marshall, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Kiewit, Joint ownership means joint responsibility. including Communist China and North Viet­ Jr., William F. Mahan, R . N. Young, Steve So we dare not only glory together in our nam, signed the Geneva Accords providing Zozaya, Chick McDowell. country's triumphs. We must endure to­ for the "neutralization" of Laos. Before the Mesa-John H. Tedrick, F. A. Stone, Sam gether its problems as well. We must guide ink had dried on these documents, the North Q. Ball, Scott S. Parker, La.Mar Shelley, Jana it with reason, defend it with vigor, nourish Vietnamese began violating them. and Mary, James W. Colasanti, Duncan Scott. it with great care. Air operations in Laos are of utmost im­ Tempe-Dave Pilcher, Wade Lacy, Shirley portance to help save the lives of American A. Lacy, and Kathy S. Lacy, Merwin Deever, "This Land of Ours" continues in this soldiers in Vietnam who are threatened by Lauren Freedman, Carl Shipley, M. D. Bur­ vein-a notable effort to instill in our the continued infiltration of troops, weapons dick, Ken McDonald, James E. Stieber, Dick Nation's youth a love and respect for this and supplies through the Laotian corridor Neuheisel. great land of ours. into South Vietnam. However, ground com­ Scottsdale-John Armstrong, E. H. Peplow, In addition to the patriotism brochure, bat troops are not contemplated. In short, Jr., E. F. Suarez, Joe Prekop, Ralph W. Elsner, there is no "secret war" in Laos but only an Charles Montooth, W. L. Lockhart, Louis Greyhound has offered schools through­ ill-starred attempt to discredit the Admin­ Sullivan, Alvin Wood, William V. Donaldson, out the country, as well as civic groups istration's policy in Vietnam. Honorable B. L. Tims. and private citizens, a brochure, Amazing America, containing patriotism-inspir­ LABOR Bll.L Tucson-Al McGinnis, Donald G. Shrop­ shire, Harold E. Kosanke, M.D., Robert An­ ing four-color photographs of the beauty The national consequences of long-term derson, Benjamin F. Davis, Richard B. Ar­ of our country. More than 200,000 copies work stoppages are becoming more serious rotta, Clifford V. Levy, J. Jeffrey Matthew, and intolerable. Ours is a complex and inter­ have been given out free of charge in the Richard Hukey. last 2 years, and 50,000 additional copies dependent economy in which work stoppages Chinle-Mr. and Mrs. Justin LaFont, Mr. In certain industries can seriously affect the and Mrs. Gerald LaFont. are being printed now. health, safety and welfare of millions of in­ Chand-ler-Marshall Humphrey. Mr. Speaker, Greyhound's American­ nocent Americans. At the same time, our Wellton-C. C. Tabor. ism activities also include distribution of institutional machinery for the settlement of Globe-Louis P. Horrell, Steve Bixby. a 1-minute public service TV film based labor disputes is woefully inadequate. Casa Grande-Al Nader. on the patriotism brochure that was sent The railroad industry, operating under Mayer-Brad Stewart. 100 TV stations for repeat usage. And a temporary legislation for 37 days, ls a case Coolidge-Marvin Caudill, Nelson Grace. in point. All emergency procedures have been patriotic/travel show, complete for a 92- Paradise Valley-Jack W. Coursey. piece marching band-for use by high exhausted and it looks as though Congress, St. Johns-Darwin D. Grant, Keith for the third time in seven years, will be re­ Shreeve, Merwin D. Grant. school and college groups--was intro­ quired to legislate a labor contra.ct in order Yuma-Robert E. Thompson, Tom Choules. duced 2 years ago and used throughout to avoid a nationwide rail shutdown. Congress Guadalupe-Frank S. Luera. 1969. It is also being redone this year. is ill-equipped for this task and should ad­ Sacaton-Burdette Morago. It is significant that, at last count, dress itself to the larger problem of how to Sedona-Duane D. Miller. more than 50,000 letters of commenda­ avoid similar work stoppages in this and Payson-T. L. Meredith. other major industries in the future. tion-from schoolteachers, from parents, Clifton-Fred J. Fritz. from the children themselves--have been What is needed, in my opinion, is a sepa­ Kearney-Joe Mortimer. rate and permanent procedure for the deter­ received by thi.s Illinois company. mination of disputes which the parties them­ This is an effort that well deserves selves, after exhausting all other procedures, being called to the Nation's attention. are unable to resolve. On February 18, I intro­ GREYHOUND CORP. PROMOTES duced legislation that would expand our AMERICANISM machinery for dealing with such disputes. The bill would establish a United States LAYPROCON Court of Labor-Management Relations which HON. ROBERT McCLORY would serve as a backstop in the collective OF ll.LINOIS bargaining process and protect the public HON. WILBUR D. MILLS interest against the devastating consequences IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF ARKANSAS of a protracted work stoppage in industries Tuesday, April 7, 1970 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES affecting the general welfare, health or safety. On February 27, the President sent a mes­ Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, two hon­ Tuesday, April 7, 1970 sage to Congress recommending the enact­ ors have come to the Greyhound Corp. Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, those of us ment of emergency strike legislation re­ for its public-service efforts in behalf who live and work in Arkansas are in stricted in application to the transportation of the Nation's schoolchildren, as well the midst of a study of a recommended industry. Of course, the consequences that as civic organizations and private in­ new State constitution and we have a would accompany any nationwide transporta­ dividuals. tion shutdown would be most serious. Other new tool to help us study the proposals industries, however, have a similar import­ The Freedoms Foundation at Valley of the constitutional convention. ance to our economy and I believe that leg­ Forge, Pa., has awarded Greyhound its The Garland Chapter of Phi Alpha islation addressed to the problem of work third George Washington Honor Medal Delta Law Fraternity at the University stoppages should be broader in scope. Hope­ in succession for its 1969 Americanism of Arkansas, of which I am an honorary fully, these important measures will receive activities. member, has organized a team of stu­ the close attention of the 91st Congress this And Public Relations News, the inter­ dents to take its study of the constitu­ year. national public relations weekly for more CHANGE OF ADDRESS tion, a study which tries to present an than 200,000 executives around the accurate picture without either support­ If there are any changes that should be world, has selected Greyhound's long­ ma.de in your name or mailing address, I ing or opposing adoption of the pro­ would appreciate it if you would tear off the standing patriotism program as one of posed constitution, to meetings through­ address on the brown envelope and return it the 25 best public relations efforts of the out the State. Through those meetings to me with the applicable changes indicated last quarter century. and through cooperation with various thereon. (Congressman John J. Rhodes, 2312 Keystone of this fine company's pro­ medi.a, the project known as LayProCon Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, gram is a 24-page, 9-inch-square, full­ seeks to present an accurate picture of D.C. 20515). color brochure entitled, "This Land of what the new constitution proposes to VISITORS Ours." The public-service brochure was the Arkansas electorate. Phoeni:rr-W. J. Eden, Charles Martin, Em­ July ral Ruth, Bill Davis, J. C. Wetzler, Arthur M. introduced during the 1967 4th of For the benefit of everyone interested Lee, C. A. Clements and Margaret, John M. holiday, and has been reprinted three I am inserting at this point in the Hazelett, Verne Mccutchan, Stephen W. times. To date, more than half a million RECORD a report on the project published Pogson, Allan B. Starr, Dan Scarponi, Louis free copies have been given out. in the Arkansas Lawyer: C. Reynolds, Mr. and Mrs. Merton E. Marks, The booklet says patriotism is not "LAYPROCON"-ARKANSAS'S ANSWER TO Charles B. Harrison, Mike McCormick, R. "short, frenzied outbursts of emotion, but DARBY O'GILL AND THE LITTLE PEOPLE E. McCullar, Robert T. Moore, Stephen Mor­ the tranquil and steady dedication of a The Arkans,,.s Constitutional Convention ris, Clayton Lorenzen, 0. F. Whelan, Roger lifetime." The booklet continues: completed its monumental task on February 10712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 7, 1970 10, 1970. Final Judgement on its work-the reasons as to why the convention enacted one of the national :finalists in this com­ proposed 1970 Arkansas Constitution-is re­ certain provisions and how they differ from petition; in particular its director, Dr. served for the Arkansas voters at the No­ other provisions suggested and the 1874 con­ Regenbaum, for writing and producing vember, 1970 polls. stitution. Ea.ch of the participants will have As pointed up in the editorials, the inter­ had a minimum of 10 hours instruction deal­ an exceptional play. vening nine months afford all voters the ing with the proposed constitution. The following list of students comprise opportunity to make a comprehensive study The project has already received state-wide the staff: of the new document. publicity of its efforts in a front page ar­ Courtney Jackson, Philadelphia, Pa..; To assist in this study, the Garland Chap­ ticle in the January 24th issue of the Ar­ Joseph Lee, Washington, D.C.; Ron Domin­ ter of the Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity kansas Gazette plus a similar story circu­ guez, Forest Hills, N.Y.; Craig Eastlund, Al­ of the University of Arkansas has developed lated by the Associated Press to all Arkansas bert Lea., Minn.; Charles Boentgen, Penn­ a particularly interesting orientation pro­ newspapers. Also "LayProCon" was featured sauken, N.J.; Judy May, Philadelphia., Pa.; gram-Project "LAYPROCON". Mr. J . Steven on a special presentation on KARK Chan­ Carl Apollo, Monsey, N.Y. Clark, President of the Garland Chapter, un­ nel 7 television in Little Rock concerning Jim Nelson, Elgin, Ill.; Ehren Qual, Albert dertakes to spell out Project's procedures and its efforts. In addition, Garland Chapter has Lea, Minn.; Reginald Witherspoon, Phila­ aims in the following article: received complete backing from the national delphia, Pa.; George Lindenberg, New York This year St. Patrick's Day will be espe­ organization of Phi Alpha. Delta and a letter City; Linda Dawson, St. Pa.ul, Minn.; Ann cially significant to a group of 70 or so stu­ of commendation from Congressman Bill Al­ Wick, Hayward, Minn.; Barbara Witter, East dents at the University of Arkansas Law exander for its efforts. Orange, N .J. School. The reason is a project known as If you know an organization that would Mark Weinstein, Boston, Mass.; Bill Birk­ "LayProOon." "LayProCon" stands for Learn like to have a speaker either during the ett, Wabash, Ind.; Judith Alanson, Yonkers, About Your Proposed Constitution. It is a visit of one of the teams to that area or at N.Y.; Sherleen Britten, Schenectady, N.Y.; public service project initiated this Spring any other time, please contact Steve Clark. Lynn Bentson, Lakeville, Minn. semester by the Brothers of Garland Chapter President Phi Alhpa Delta Law Fraternity, Michael Ma.mber, New York City; Chris of Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity. University of Arkansas Law School. Every MacEachen, Hyde Park, N.Y.; Mike Weidman, The purpose of the project is not to advo­ effort will be made to provide those speakers Milwaukee, Wis.; Vin Gorman, Rye, N.Y.; cate acceptance or rejection of the proposed requested. As the Spring rolls around, re­ and Barry Bergie, Albert Lea, Minn. constitution, but rather to explain the pro­ member that this is one year Darby O'Gill visions of this most important document. and his Little People will have competition The idea originated as the result of concern from Arkansas's own "LayProCons." among these law students that the Arkansas populace didn't fully understand many of the PRAYER provisions of the proposed document such as the county council, right to work, and the AMERICAN COLLEGE THEATER HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS voting age provisions. The goal of the project FESTIVAL is to assist the citizens of Arkansas in becom­ OF SOUTH CAROLXNA ing aware of the advantages and the draw­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES backs of the various provisions. This infor­ HON. ALBERT H. QUIE Tuesday, April 7, 1970 ma. tion will allow them to exercise an in­ OF MINNESOTA formed Judgment In voting to accept or re­ Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, on March ject the proposed document based on its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 12, 1970, I held my annual luncheon in merits. "LayProCon" will not provide all Tuesday, April 7, 1970 honor of our illustrious Speaker. On this the answers, but it will answer many of those questions posed. Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, for the second occasion, the invocation was given by The project will begin March 15th with a straight year a Lea College production the Reverend John A. Hamrick, president program on KTHV Channel 11 's "Face the has been selected to compete in the sec­ of the Baptist College at Charleston. This State" originating from Little Rock. Also the ond annual American College Theater prayer was so appropriate and so beauti­ week of March 16th through the 22nd will be Festival under the auspices of the John ful that I wanted to be able to share it designated "LayProCon Week" by an official F. Kennedy Center. with the other Members of this body, proclamation issued by Governor Winthrop so I asked Dr. Hamrick to provide me Rockefeller. In addition, civic organizations The original production of "The Sound throughout the state as well as being in­ of Bread Breaking," will be the opening with a copy in order that I might place vited to be a part of the program at the performance of the festival to be pre­ it in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I have Arkansas Meat Processors and Locker Associ­ sented at 7: 30 p.m. on April 27 at the now obtained that copy and it followi; ation's state convention in Little Rock. University Center Theater of George herein: The basic plan of the project is to send 5 Washington University here. PRAYER member-teams out across the state through­ This original play by Dr. Kenneth INVOCATION OFFERED BY JOHN A. l!AMRICK, out the Spring. The men composing these Regenbaum, director of the Theatre Arts PRESIDENT OF THE BAPTIST COLLEGE AT teams will be law students who are residents CHARLESTON, TO A MARCH 12, 1970 LUNCH­ of the respective areas they will be visiting. Co. of Lea College on Lake Chapeau at EON, GIVEN BY CONGRESSMAN L. MENDEL The state has been divided into 14 geograph­ Albert Lea, Minn., uses music and audi­ RIVERS To HONOR JOHN w. McCOIUIUCK, ical areas centered around the state and ence interaction to describe the early SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE private supported universities, colleges, and events in the life of Mohandas Gandhi. We are so deeply grateful for these United junior colleges. These teams will spend a The play traces the development of his States, for those who conceived this Union three-day weekend in each of these areas philosophy and the beginning of the mil­ and for those who perpetuate it. speaking to as many groups as possible. The For the sacrifice that have been made and weekend will be high-lighted by a public itant, nonviolent movement that liber­ ated India. are being made today to keep men free. forum held at the visited institution plus For the House of Representatives tha.t ls radio and television appearances. The dates This production is one of the 10 na­ our greatest assurance of government with the teams will be in each area are as follows: tional finalists in nationwide competi­ the consent of the governed. March 20, 21, 22-Arkansas State University; tion among college theater groups. For the Speaker of the House, John Mc­ April 17, 18, 19--Harding College, Henderson John Cromwell, one of the regional Cormack, who exercises leadership in a da.y State College, Ouachita University, and Uni­ when it is not only most difficult and de­ versity of Arkansas at Little Rock, Philander judges and himself a noted director, said Smith College, Shorter College; April 24, 25, after viewing the Lea College production manding to lead, but in a day in which it is 26-Arkansa.s College, State College of Ar­ that he was "spellbound by the sheer essential to ha.ve right leadership. kansas, Hendrix College, and Arkansas Tech, truth of a compelling and facinating per­ For our host, L. Mendel Rivers, who 1n College of the Ozarks; May 8, 9, 10-Arka.nsas formance of a truly inspired production. hum1lity seeks wisdom and who carries it A&M, Southern State College, and Westark out with fearless courage and unashamed It would be a great pity if this truly orig­ boldness. Junior College; and May 15, 16, 17-Univer­ inal effort were denied exposure na­ sity of Arkansas. We invoke thy blessings upon this group In order to prepare the participants for tionally." of leaders from many walks of life upon their involvement in the project four "Lay­ What is even more unusual about this whom so much depends for the future of our ProCon.. Training Sessions have been set up. production is that it is enacted by stu­ world. These session will be led by Dr. Robert A. dents, many of whom have never previ­ We pray that thou wilt grant us the wis· Lefla.r, President Constitutional Convention; ously acted on any stage, from a new dom, courage, and leadership that our day Miss Kay Colett, Goverrunent instructor Uni­ college that caters entirely to the so­ demands. versity of Arkansas: and the Benton and Not only that our Nation may survive with Washington County Convention delegates. called "late-bloomers." strength, but that it shall provide the great­ The Se.sslons will be used to provide those I congratulate the Lea College Theater est opportunity for living the world has ever participants 1n the project with insights a.nd Arts Co. on its distinction in becoming known. Amen.