August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25373 the purpose of continuing such research. H.R. 14749. July 20, 1976. Judiciary. Re­ Mammal Protection Act of 1972 to prohibit Authorizes, under the Public Health Serv­ quires that persons convicted of specified the issuance of permits thereunder which ice Act, the appropriation of specified sums terrorist activities receive a sentence addi­ authorize the taking of marine mammals in for the purposes of making gra.nts to centers tional to that provided for the offense com­ connection with commercial fishing. for research and training in diabetic re­ mitted. Directs that the death sentence be Amends such Act to grant the Secretary lated disorders. imposed if the death of any person occurs of the Interior exclusive jurisdiction over H.R. 14744. July 20, 1976. Interstate and during the commission or attempted com­ such Act. Foreign Commerce. Amends the Public mission of such an offense. Permits reduction H.R. 14756. July 20, 1976. Banking, Cur­ Health Service Act to direct the Secretary of of the death sentence to an additional term rency and Housing. Establishes a National Health, Education, and Welfare to indemnify of imprisonment if the required sentencing Commission on Neighborhoods to consist of · physicians, health care personnel, and health hearing results in a finding that specified Members of Congress and Presidential ap­ facilities providing nonprofit professional mitigating factors exist. pointees. States the duties of such Commis­ services in connection with the national in­ H.R. 14750. July 20, 1976. International sion, including studying the factors neces­ fluenza immunization program against civil Relations; Interstate and Foreign Commerce. sary to neighborhood survival and revitaliza­ claims resulting therefrom, except in cases Amends the Export Administration Act o1 tion and making recommendations for modi­ of gross negligence. 1969 to make it the policy of the United fication of existing laws and policies. H.R. 14745. July 20, 1976. Interstate and States to oppose restrictive trade practices H.R. 14757. July 20, 1976. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Directs the Secretary of or boycotts imposed by foreign countries Foreign Commerce. Amends the Federal Food, Health, Education, and WelfMe to establish against any domestic concern of the United Drug, and Cosmetic Act to require disclosure a National Commission on Digestive Dis­ States. Amends the securities Exchange Act on food package labels of the portion of the eases. Requires the Commission to develop of 1934 by imposing additional disclosure weight of the food which is sugar in in­ a long-range plan for the use of national re­ requirements on any investor who proposes stahces where sugar constitutes ten percent sources to deal with digestive diseases. to acquire more than five percent of the or more of the total number of calories in Directs the Secretary to establish a Co­ equity securities of any United States com­ the food. ordinating Committee for Digestive Diseases pany. H.R. 14758. July 20, 1976. Post Office and to improve coordination among Federal H.R. 14751. July 20, 1976. Merchant Marine Civil Service. Designates the song "God agencies in the research, training, control, and Fisheries. Extends the coastwise laws of Bless America" as the national anthem of and treatment of digestive diseases. the United States to the Virgin Islands with the United States. . H.R. 14746. July 20, 1976. Education and respect to the transportation in bulk by H.R. '14759. July 20, 1976. Rules. Amends Labor. Revises the conditions for terminat­ water of crude oil, unfinished oils, residual the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 ing the payment of compensation to surviv­ fuel oil, and finished petroleum products. to require that each public bill or resolution ors of Federal employees who die from job­ H.R. 14752. July 20, 1976. Interstate and reported by a Congressional committee be related injuries. Foreign Commerce. Amends the Federal accompanied by a Paperwork Impact State­ H.R. 14747. July 20, 1976. Public Works and Power Act to revise procedures for suspen­ ment which assesses the amount and char­ Transportation; Jnterior and Insular Affairs. sion of new rate schedules pending final acter of the information that such bill or Terminates the authorization for the Tocks determination by the Federal Power Com­ resolution will require of private individuals Island Reservoir project in New Jersey, New mission. Stipulates that public utilities may and businesses and the cost of time required York, and Pennsylvania. Requires that prop­ not file proposals for additional rate in­ of such individuals or businesses who must erty a,cquired by the Secretary of the Army creases while similar proposals are pending provide the information sought by such pursuant to such authorization be trans­ before the Commission. legislation. ferred to the Secretary of the Interior for H.R. 14753. July 20, 1976. Ways and Means. H.R. 14760. July 20, 1976. Ways and Means. management by the National Park service. Amends the Social security Act by including Amends the Internal Revenue Code to estab­ H.R. 14748. July 20, 1976. Armed services; the services of optometrists under the Medi­ lish graduated corporate income tax rates. Merchant Marine and Fisheries-. Establishes a care supplementary medical insurance pro­ Increases the gift tax exclusion and exemp­ Commission to Study the Quality of Instruc­ gram. tion and establishes a new gift tax rate. Pro­ H.R. 14754. July 20, 1976. Ways and Means. tion at the Service Academies to: (1) study vides special treatment for the sale of stock the quality of instruction and training at Amends the Medicare and Medicaid pro­ grams of the Social Security Act to include in a closely held corporation when sold to the service academies; (2) study the feasibil­ rural health facilities of 50 beds or less with- pay estate taxes. Redefines a subchapter S ity of including more civilian professors and · 1n the definition of the term "hospital." · corporation. Redefines section 1244 stock instructors; and (3) study the rules of the H.R. 14755. July 20, 1976. Merchant Ma­ (small business stock, losses on which are academies concerning the conduct of cadets. rine and Fisheries. Amends the Marine treated as ordinary losses).

EXTENSIONS OF RE.MARKS A SERIOUS PROBLEM OF OCCUPA­ 0cCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAzARDS, A NATIONAL gation by a team of Times reporters, the oc­ TIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CRisrs ' cupational health crisis and its implications for the larger society are only dimly per­ (By Richard T. Cooper and Paul ~· Steiger) ceived by the public, yet specialists regard WASHINGTON.-In bygone days, coal minel's them as perhaps the most serious medical HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK took caged canaries underground with thein OF CALIFORNIA challenge facing the United States in the because the tiny birds were far more sensi­ remainder of this century. And the battle IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive than men to the deadly, invisible "white to deal with the problem is in jeopardy be­ damp," carbon monoxide gas. By collaps­ Monday, August 2, 1976 cause of bureaucratic red tape, public ing-and sometimes dying-the canaries apathy, political sniping and claims that Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, each day warned of a danger that would otherwise reform would be too costly. we gain more insight into the extent have crept up undetected. At the Occupational Safety and Health Tuday, in fa,ctories and mills, and even in Administration and the National Institute and spreading nature of on-the-job beauty parlors, dentists' offices and auto re­ hazards to the health and safety of mil­ of Occupational Safety and Health, the two paiT shops, hundreds of thousands of Amer­ federal agencies most directly responsible for lions of working men and women. ican workers have themselves become canar­ dealing with the problem, o1Hcials a.re strug­ The Los Angeles Times, in an exhaus­ tes--for their fellow workers and for society gling with inadequate' budgets, scattered tive 3-month examination of this ur­ as a whole. By falling sick and often dying, and ill-equipped staffs and lack of expertise. gent concern, has described in vivid they are signaling the fact that a major Labor leaders have lobbied for a larger com­ detail the mushrooming threat to our crisis has struck the nation as stealthily as mitment, and there has been significant poison gas in a coal mine. response among some business executives. national health and safety. Appearing The source of the danger is a little under­ in its June 27 editions, this is the first But overall the problem is growing faster stood but rapidly growing array of occupa­ than are the efforts to contain it. of a two-part series that indicates a tional health hazards, many of them toxic Occupational health hazards have existed menace whose consequences we cannot chemicals routinely used by industry, that from earliest times, of course. One of the ignore. kill an estimated 100,000 workers every year, cruel ironies of the present situation is cause at least 390,000 new cases of job-re­ Mr. Speaker, this is a thought pro­ that toxic substances identified more than lated disease annually and pose an increas­ 100 years ago still inflict widespread dis­ voking article for which the Times de­ ing threat to the entire spectrum of U.S. ability and death. What has caused the serves acknowledgement. I commend it society and the environment. problem to mushroom in the last three to my colleagues: As documented in a three-month invest!- decades, however, is the technological ex- 25374 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 plosion of new chemicals, new industrial and cures for these occupational health Somehow, they arrived several hours before processes and new products. problems are imperfectly understood. the special clinic, set up in the gymnasium of This flowering of technology, responsible -An estimated 500,000 living workers have Groton's trim new civic center, was to open. for much that is good and desirable in mod­ been significantly exposed to asbestos. Of As they waited, the six grumbled about the ern life, unfortunately has sent a deluge of these, 100,000 are expected to die from lung delay, joked sardonically about the general carcinogens, systemic poisons, lung-destroy­ cancer, 35,000 more from a rare cancer of the malevolence of things and discussed their ing dusts, brain-damaging metals and other lining of the lungs and stomach called meso­ jobs. It seemed clear there had been ample hazardous substances cascading down upon thelioma, and another 35,000 will die from reason to invite them. the nation's workers in unprecedented vol­ asbestosis, also an affliction of the lungs. Service Color, Inc., where they worked, is ume and variety. Recently, evidence has been found in a a small plant that takes raw plastics com­ Clearly, one reason for the apparent pub­ study for the Environmental Protection pounds, cooks them up with pigments, flame lic indifference to job-related health prob­ Agency that employes in office buildings con­ retardants, and fillers, then converts the re­ lems is that many of the worst ones, lung structed before the 1973 ban on use of as­ sulting material to pigmented pellets that are cancer and heart disease, for example, bestos as a structural fire retardant are be­ sold to fabricators of colored plastic products. normally take 15 to 20 years to develop and ing exposed to the mineral. Apparently the Turning out about 1 million pounds a month, often have not been associated with the asbestos coating on steel girders on such Service Color's 18 employes handled com­ work place. More immediate problems tend buildings has begun to flake away, and pounds of lead oxide, lead chromate, mer­ to be perceived as isolated incidents-50 or microscopic fibers are being carried to un­ cury-cadmium, lead-cadmium, and toxic, so workers afflicted by Kepone pesticide suspecting workers through the ventilation organic dyes. poisoning in Hopewell, Va., a dozen or so poi­ systems. It is not yet known how serious this Medical problems had cropped up, and sev­ soned by lead at a Visalia auto battery plant. threat may be. eral had been hospitalized. There was appre­ The problem is pervasive, not scattel'ed, -Health hazards are particularly acute in hension mixed with the bravado and dark however. And if workers, like the miners' some industries and job classifications. Rub­ humor in the six who had come to Groton. canaries, are the first exhibit its symptoms ber workers are 1. 7 times as likely to die of "Everything ... we handle kills you," one of because they are exposed to the hazards first stomach cancer as members of the general them laughed. "It says so right on the car­ and most intensively, the toxic substances population, 1.6 times as likely to succumb tons." originating in the n:;i.tion's mills and fac­ to lymphatic malignancies, according to a As they were unloaded and mixed, the tories are showing insidious capacity to seep joint study by the rubber workers' union and powdery chemicals would fill the air, silting out into the community at large. industry. Workers in steel mill coke ovens over everything and sometimes turning their Says Joseph K. Wagoner, director of field are 7.5 times as likely to die of kidney can­ skin bright colors, the men said. A photo­ studies and clinical investigations for the cer as workers assigned elsewhere in the same graph taken about that time by a safety ad­ institute, "The tendency to separate health mills and 10 times as likely to die of lung ministration inspector showed a worker who hazards found in the work place from gen­ cancer. had just crawled out of an enormous vat he eral environmental problems is a deadly di­ -In three Ohio towns where the carcino­ had cleaned with an air hose. An Occupa­ vision. This is a continuum, not isolated gen vinyl chloride was manufactured, the tional Safety and Health Administration in­ events." And, Wagoner says of the govern­ Ohio Department of Health has reported spector pointed out that a face mask issued ment's effort to cope, "The problem is so vast abnormally high incidences of birth defects, by the company was so oversized that its bot­ that we have been reacting in a crisis envi­ particularly affecting the central nervous tom hung several inches below the worker's ronment for the past two or three years." system, among newborn babies, and an un­ chin, nullifying its effectiveness even if it For a glimpse of the problem's scope, con­ expectedly high level of tumors of the cen­ had not been the wrong type. The man's hair sider the following: tral nervous system in adult men. showed white, but his face and arms were a -As many as 90 % of all cancer cases are Studies of two Montana towns, Butte and violent orange. believed to be environmentally induced, ac­ Anaconda, where copper is mined and "Ventilation?" one of the workers at Gro­ cording to an analysis by the National Can­ smelted, found unusually high rates of lung ton said. "One place we got ventilation-four cer Institute. Of these, scientists estimate, at cancer in both men and women. windows. And if you breathe real hard, you least 10% resulted in about 30,000 deaths a Experts agree' that no accurate measure­ can blow the dust out." year, stemming chiefly from occupational ments of the overall problem exist. The U.S. During their examinations, the workers carcinogens. In fully half of all cancer Public Health Service uses indirect statis­ were checked for lead poisoning by a ma­ deaths, occupational factors are believed to tical techniques to form its estimates of the . chine called a hematofluorometer, which sub­ have contributed to the disease. annual toll of job-related deaths and dis­ jects a tiny sample of blood to a powerful -Heart disease is the greatest single killer eases. Owing to insufficient knowledge of. the quartz light and instantly flashes a lead ex­ of Americans. It is conservatively estimated biochemistry involved, inadequate monitor­ posure value on a display screen. Readings up that 5% of such deaths, or 37,000 a year, re­ ing of workers, and the often years-long de­ to 50 are considered acceptable, but at 60 to sult from occupational oauses. lay between exposure to a carcinogen and the 70 there is concern. The Service Color workers -In a general health study of 908 persons onset of the disease, these numbers may be registered such values as 101, 107 and 370, performed by the University of Washington, just the tip of the iceberg. according to technicians. 31 % of all the diseases and other "medical The catalogue of hazardous substances, Depending on extent of exposure, lead conditions" found were judged to be occu­ with their sometimes equally dangerous per­ poisoning can produce brain damage, respira­ pational in origin. In an additional 10% of mutations, combinations and interactions, tory failure, anemia, tremors, paralysis, kid­ the problems, job-related factors appeared seems endless: benzenes, phenols, cadmium, ney problems, loss of teeth, depression, feel­ to have played some role. ings of hostility and chronic unhappiness. Significantly, however, only 2% or 3% of nickel, gold, lead, asbestos, vinyl chloride, all the medical conditions had been reported coke oven gases, creosote, textile lint, X-rays, The dangers and conditions in the plant led by employers, a fact suggesting that avail­ silica, carbon tetrachloride, tar, beryllium, workers and their union, the United Rubber able data vastly understate the extent of bischloromethyl ether, chloromethyl methyl Workers, to protest. A team of safety admin­ job-related health problems. ether, polychlorinated biphenols, pesticides, istration inspectors swooped down. -Evidence from a number of fields indi­ paraffin, beta naphthylamine.... Today, according to plant manager John cates that white-collar, professional and The government has thus far established Busco, some new duct work, dust collectors, service workers are often in as much danger linlcs between about 12,000 substances and and other ventilating equipment are being as employees in steel mills, chemical plants particularly serious health problems-a huge installed at Service Color. Also, workers are and other forms of heavy industry. number but' probably just a small fraction of being instructed to wash themselves before Dentists' chronic exposure to X rays, mer­ the hazards still undetected among the scores eating or smoking and to take other precau­ cury and anesthetics contributes to their of natural elements and the 500,000 chemi­ tions of that sort. "Not much is involved," abnormally high rates of leukemia, Hodg­ cal compounds now in use by American in­ Busco said. kin's disease and suicide. Female operating dustry, which synthesizes about 3,000 new What has the safety administration done? room personnel, with similar exposures·, have chemicals each year. With virtually no out­ Busco has heard nothing, he says. Some cita­ unusually large numbers of miscarriages and side control and scant knowledge of what tions are said to be wandering somewhere in babies with congenital birth defects. the full consequences may ultimately be, the clogged arteries of this administration Beauticians are extraordinarily susceptible this cornucopia of materials ts mixed, modi­ bureaucracy, but two months after the in­ to cardiac problems, lung cancer and respira­ fied, boiled, baked, burned, sprayed and va­ spection nothing has been done. tory diseases generally. porized in a rush of technical ingenuity that "The joke is," one Service Color employe Chemicals and other substances and never stands still. had said in Groton. "They give you a good equipment used in the work place are not On an April morning this year, at an hour pension but you don't live to collect it." the only dangers. The unique stresses, life­ when the sun was bright but the air retained There is a quandary workers often face, and styles and patterns associated with particu­ a sharp edge, half a dozen employes of a Morton Corn, the industrial hygienist who small plastics plant near Slatersville, R.I., now heads the occupational safety agency, lar occupations also can be factors. For crowded into an aging Pontiac and drove to sees it clearly: where health is concerned, instance, statistics reveal that office admin­ the seacoast town of Groton, Conn. A team what seems a gross hazard may be harmless, istrators are more likely to suffer coronary of occupational health specialists from New and what looks lovely may be lethal. heart disease than many other types of York was to examine almost 1,000 workers He recalls a clean, air-conditioned factory whitecollar workers, such as scientists and there and the Rhode Islanders were to be in the South; "people thought it was like engineers. As with other hazards, the causes tested as well. working in a hotel," yet a chemical unde- August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25375 tectable by human senses poisoned 73 of the C"arolina in Chapel Hill, he is the director must maintain, or in some cases increase, 300. employees. At the same time, in certain of an unusual occupational health research their insistence that workers' health is not kinds of dehydrating plants, Corn says, "I've program sponsored jointly by the United to be traded off for additional pennies an walked through dust that I left footprints in, Rubber Workers and the seven giants of the hour; corporations that are trying to improve but it won't harm anyone. U.S. rubber industry. Established during should be encouraged while those that now "When the worker takes a job he thinks, negotiations on the industry's 1970 master profit by avoiding health-related expendi­ 'Gee, somebody must have thought about this labor contract, Harris' group and a similar tures must be brought to heel. thing. It must be safe. I'm being asked to unit at Harvard together receive more than "If you can't afford to provide a safe, work here! He's seen a lot of dust in his life. $1 million a year in corporate funds to healthy working place, then you shouldn't How is he to know whether this is the dust probe the industry's operations and study be in business. You don't have that right," that wm kill him?" the health of its workers. a veteran safety administration health spe­ When people are sick, most turn without The North Carolina group is a promising cialist declared recently. "A businessman question to their family doctors, yet the typi­ model of what could be done in other basic rents a worker's time, not his safety and cal family physician knows little about a industries. Like similar units in government health." worker-as employes of Life Science Prod­ and other private institutions, it is working It is important to remerµber, however, that ucts Co. in Hopewell, Va., discovered last to protect workers now and also to over­ requiring companies to meet unnecessarily year. come the critical shortage of basic research stringent health standards will raise costs After only a few weeks of wQrking in the data. The problem is that almost all these and prices, possibly eliminating some jobs. plant, set up two years ago in a converted units are extremely fragile, lacking perma­ Also, forcing employers to buy needlessly ela­ gas station, many began to suffer dizzy spells, nent foundations. borate control systems for one hazard will poor vision, tremors. One man later recalled In Harris' case, the unit is precariously mean less money available to deal with other that when he stopped off for a beer after balanced between two sponsors whose in­ dangerous substances. work, friends had to help him hold the glass. terests often conflict. Can government, labor, and management Inevitably, workers went to their doctors. The researchers cannot function without ever have enough solid information to make Could it be something at the plant, some cooperation from the companies, yet their all the necessary decisions with perfect wis­ asked? Probably not, the physicians said. findings often support the union's conten­ dom? No. Decisions cannot be avoided­ More likely it was overwork or nervousness. tion that more needs to be done to protect ignoring them amounts to a decision to let Or perhaps too many of those beers on the workers. The situation is especially touchy disease and premature death continue-but way home. So, worrying about mortgage pay­ now: health hazards have become an issue they will have to be made with imperfect ments and child support payments and just in the rubber industry's long and bitter knowledge, experts agree. getting by, they returned to work. strike. The safety administration, for example, One man who could not stop trembling Thus far, Harris and his associates say, established worker exposure limits for 14 eventually went to see a young specialist in there has been no lack of cooperation, no major carcinogens even though it does not cardiology and internal medicine, a recent restricting of their plans, no attempts to know precisely where the dangerous expo­ emigre from Taiwan named Yi-nan Chou. alter or suppress research findings. Still, an sure level begins; to get that information Chou asked what it was they made in that administrator is understandably nervous. would have required the rounding up of 3 converted gas station. "Kepone," the man As a long-range goal with enormous po­ million laboratory animals for testing-an said. Kepone. Chou looked it up in a hand­ tential, the unit is trying to devise a com­ impossibly costly and protracted experiment book of poisons. prehensive, computer-based system for con­ that might have been useless anyway because A chlorinated hydrocarbon related to DDT, tinual recording and analysis of the materials of the difficulties in assembling "~egamouse" combining hexachlorocyclopentadiene and and processes used in each rubber plant, as populations that are genetically comparable sulfur trioxide, potent in controlling ants, well as the work and health histories of all enough to yield valid results. roaches and banana pests. Chou took sam­ employes. Since chemicals, processes, and The struggle against occupational disease, ples of the man's blood and urine and sent employe work assignments change constant­ those involved agree, will be controversial, them to the federal Center for Disease Con­ ly• . a system such as this would vastly sim­ messy and long. trol in Atlanta for analysis. Some days later plify the needle-in-a-haystack task of pin­ Virginia health authorities arrived in Hope­ pointing occupational health problems and well &nd began unraveling a major industrial their specific causes. ADMINISTRATION OFFICERS WRITE scandal. The system might even detect incipient IN SUPPORT OF DINGELL-BROY­ The result: Life Science Co. was shut problems, raising warning fiaigs long before HILL (TRAIN) AUTO EMISSION down, 13 workers were hospitalized and about workers begin to sicken and die. AMENDMENT TO THE PENDING 40 others were found to have high levels of Such a caoability and its fruits are years the pesticide in their blood. Federal, indict­ away. Meanwhile, the team has nroved its CLEAN AIR BILL ments were returned against the company, worth in more immediate ways: it has done its owners and Allied Chemical Co., which pioneering work in identifying job classifica­ had been involved in the creation of Life tions where death and serious disease are HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Science, but no way was found to cleanse high. And in one case, it quietly headed ofl' OF MICHIGAN workers' blood of the Kepone, which has been what might vears later have become a well­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES publiclzed disaster. linked to blood cancer in laboratory animals. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 "The guys who have no voices," Sheldon A maiot" rubber comnany had begun using Samuels of the AFL-CIO calls them, and a manufacturing process previously aban­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, besides there is a special horror to their anonymous doned by another comoany because of pul­ the support of President Ford and Ad­ plight. In isolated shops and businesses too monary damage to workers involved; the ministrator Train of the Environmental small for company doctors and union hy­ companv believed it had eliminated the prob­ gienists, seldom visited even by safety ad­ lem. Tests by the North Carolina groun Protection Agency for the Dingell-Broy­ ministration inspectors, they are sometimes showed "reversible" pulmonary changes in hill amendment to the Clean Air Act victims only of ignorance, but sometimes workers after initial exposure to the new Amendments, H.R. 10498, the Honor­ they are also undone by the tricks of their process, with the likelihood tha.t the damage able William T. Coleman, Jr., Secretary, assorted trades. would prove permanent with continued ex­ Department of Transportation, and the Commercial fishermen mending their tar­ posure. The process was abandoned for the Honorable Frank G. Zarb, Administrator, soaked nets sometimes hold the darning second time. Federal Energy Administration, have needle momentarily in their mouths to free What is to be done? written in with support for the Dingell­ both hands; they contract lip cancer in ex­ Experts argue over details, but there is widesnread agreement that progress must Broyhill (Train) amendment Congress­ traordinary numbers. Auto mechanics often man JIM BROYHILL and I will offer to the clean off brake drums with a deft blast from involve these elements: an air hose, thereby sending asbestos fibers -More money for scientiflc and technical bill. winging toward their own lungs. House research to pinpoint problems and devise I insert the noted correspondence at painters and shoe repairmen work with ben­ solutions. this point in the RECORD. zene solvents, unaware of the bladder and -Development of government health and THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION, bone marrow malignancies those chemicals safety regulations that place the burden of Washington, D.C., July 29, 1976. inflict on their trades. protecting workers squarely, and equally, on Hon. JOHN D. DINGELL, "Who is telling them?" Samuels asks. "Who all employers. Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and is doing something for them?" -Designing an enforcement strategy that Power, Committee on Interstate and Even safely behind his desk in his office, increases voluntary compliance and gives the Foreign Commerce, U.S. House of Repre­ there is something gingerly about the way safetv agency's limited inspection force a sentatives, Washington, D.C. Robert L. Harris sits in a chair, an appre­ deterrent imoact comparable to that of the DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: As you requested, I hensive stiffness as if the last egg of a rare Internal Revenue Service. have carefully reviewed the amendment to and dying bird has been entrusted to his lap. -The budding alliance between labor and the Clean Air Act to be offered by you and Harris' unease is understandable. An in­ environmentalists should be nurtured to as­ Congressman Broyhill which sets new emis­ dustrial hygienist at the University of North sure integrated government policies; unions sion standards for automobiles. 25376 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 In reviewing the problem, I am convinced at our disposal the means to correct this in the media which are closest to the that: problem. people. In many instances, this means Emission standards more stringent than The Voter Registration Act, H.R. that the weekly press contains opinions those you have offered are likely to cause significant losses in fuel economy; 11552, gives voters the ease and con­ which we, as elected representatives, fail Improvement in air quality due to more venience of registration by post card, to heed at our own peril. I recently came stringent standards will be marginal while while still retaining safeguards against across an editorial in the Bellmore, N.Y., the cost for owning and operating a vehicle fraud. Through such a system, voters Life which Ifeel expresses the sentiments meeting such standards would be excessive: are spared the trouble and hardship of of millions of American taxpayers. I Air pollution caused by automobiles pres­ being required to bodily present them­ commend the publisher of the paper, ently on the road will decline as older cars selves at inconvenient times and places Johannes Laursen, and insert the edi­ are replaced by those which meet current in order to register to vote. It also simpli­ torial at this point, for the benefit of Federal emission standards. Accordingly, I would like to commend you fys and standardizes the present con­ my colleagues: for your foresight and understanding of fusing system of registration procedures. WASTE IN GOVERNMENT this diflicul t problem and I heartily endorse The bill establishes a Voter Registration Waste in government of late has become a your proposal. Administration which would disperse topic that can be discussed in polite con­ With warm regard, voter registration forms through the versation. It. used to be a touchy subject Sincerely, Postal Service, and provide assistance to and those who brought it up were considered WILLIAM T. COLEMAN, Jr. States in originating post card registra­ slightly off-beat. It is strange that it should have been that way, but so it was. Some­ FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION, tion programs for State elections. times, perhaps, the examples brought up Washington, D.C., July 29, 1976. Through implementation of this bill, seemed petty, but even if they were not, the Hon. JOHN D. DINGELL, we have the potential for a system of only response would be a shrug of the shoul.­ House of Representatives, voter registration that would correct der. Washington, D.C. many of the abuses which our present There is stm not much progress, but at DEAR MR. DINGELL: In view of the con­ system perpetuates. Historically, restric­ least now leading and ambitious politicians tinuing debate regarding the !relationship tive registration procedures have been will be associated with exposes of Govern­ of motor vehic'le emission control standards ment waste. The cause is becoming respect­ and fuel economy and the upcoming con­ used to deny the voting franchise to mi­ able and maybe, just maybe, something will sideration of this issue in the House, I would nority groups, the unpropertied poor, be done. like to reiterate my support for the emission and to those hampered by language bar­ The occasion for these observations is a standards schedule contained Ln the Dingell; riers. Our present laws often discrimi­ recent series on "Waste in Washington" in Broyhlll Amendment. nate against those unfamiliar with the the highly respected "Christian Science As the President said in his May 28 letter laws and against the increasingly mo­ Monitor," not a publication to go off half­ to Mr. Staggers, "the Dingell/ B!l"oyhill bile urban population which is hampered baked. Lucia Mouat, of its Wa.shington bu­ Amendment at this point best balances the It reau, has gathered an impressive list of con­ critical considerations of energy, economics by residency requirements. is time to crete examples of senseless waste, and a and environment." I feel that this contin­ stop deterring these large segments ,of stream of Washington officials, in Congress ues to be the case despite the apparent tech­ the population from exercising their and in the administration, speak out can­ nological advancement represented by Volvo franchise by means of bureaucratic regu­ didly on the subject. 1977 certification data which has received lations. SimiLar things have happened before, much attention lately. A most important Many States have experimented with though. How come, when so many are aware consideration is the stabUity of the emissions post card registration systems and have of the situation, that so precious little is standards over the next three years provided achieved very favorable results. Utah ·is still being done? Where a.re the weekly bul­ by your amendment which is necessary if the Letins announcing what has been done to auto manufacturers are to have every pos­ one of these and there has been no de­ eliminate those wasteful situations? sible opportunity to aohieve the mandated tectable increase in fraudulent registra­ It must be the attitude, the approach, that fuel economy standa.rds. tions since implementation of the sim­ needs changing. Surely the Founding Fathers In view of the above, I wish you success plified system. In general, fraud occurs were aware of the need to pro~t the public with y9ur amendment on the floor of the at the ballot box, not in the registration purse, but, somehow, over the past two hun­ House. process. It should also be recognized that dred years, and probably mostly the last few Sincerely, H.R. 11552 would not interfere with cur­ decades, the view has become prevalent FRANK G. ZARB, rent practices of validation or verifica­ that if the government pays, the reins are Admiinstrator. off. tion of signatures or addresses upon reg­ Can it again become the accepted rule for istration. The Federal involvement would government that frugality must be the be limited to the distribution of cards, watchword? Government should be used to VOTER REGISTRATION ACT offering of expertise and funding to cover serve the people wherever worthwhile and system transition. Groups and organiza­ wherever government can do so to best ad­ tions that have traditionally worked to vantage-but at the lowest possible cost. HON. ALLEN T. HOWE increase voter turnout would continue to Simple, isn't it? But, then just read a series such as the Monitor's and see how many good OF Uf'AH do so. programs, even fairly new ones, have been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Whatever dangers the opposition an­ allowed to join the wasters. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 ticipates in this legislation appear negli­ The:re is a new concept being aired, that gible compared to the great benefits each program should present justification of Mr. HOWE. Mr. Speaker, the process which would certainly accrue through its existence every three or four years. Sounds of participatory democracy in this coun­ greater franchisement of the population. great, although it really should be clear try now faces a crisis. The percentage of I urge my colleagues to act favorably on every day that a program is needed, or it eligible voters participating in Federal the Voter Registration Act and cease should not be there. Taking sta.tus every so elections has decreased from 64 percent the irrational practice of making it un­ often is useful, but one shudders to think in 1960 to 55 percent in 1972. ReformE that the big agencies Will probably be hiring necessarily difficult for citizens to regis­ people just to prepare the justification re­ are immediately necessary to halt this ter to vote. ports and other people Will be needed to decline and insure maximum input in evaluate the reports.... With a little im­ the political process from all citizens. agination one can see a whole new profes­ We cannot legislate against the .ills of WASTE IN GOVERNMENT sion of justification officers coming up, and · alienation and apathy which contribute the universities granting degrees in justifi­ to this problem, but making the process cation. of voter registration simpler and more HON. NORMAN F. LENT Common sense and a new attitude towards convenient could greatly increase the OF NEW YORK government, nationally, as well as on the number of eligible voters who actually IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES state and local level-is it too much to hope cast a vote. Our presertt inconvenient, that it will arise before we have a total col­ inconsistent, and unaccommodating Tuesday, August 3, 1976 lapse and are forced to start all over again? voter registration procedures are a major Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, quite often, So many seem to agree, but so little ls actu­ factor in poor voter turnout, and we have grassroots concerns are best expressed ally happening. August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25377 IOWA REPRESENTATIVE GRASSLEY ride on the cost-of-living escalator so they should not be constructed. It would destroy a FIGHTS BACKDOOR PAY RAISE could escape accountabllity to the taxpayers. river that is considered by geologists to be Members of Congress deserved a salary in­ the oldest river in North America and per­ crease (they had not had one since 1969), but haps the second oldest in the world. Aside .HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN they got it almost surreptitiously. from its natural beauty, it is said to be one Most Americans do not enjoy the luxury of of the best smallmouth bass and trout fishing OF MARYLAND being insured against the adverse effects of rivers in the area. It is the habitat of sev­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inflation. Neither should congressmen, lest eral species of aquatic life which exist no­ where else in the world. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 they lose sight of how damaging infiation can be or vote thoughtlessly for b1lls that could The project would fiood 42,000 acres of Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, last Fri­ push up living costs. farmland, displace 3,000 persons, inundate day the House of Representatives cele­ Grassley deserves support in his efforts to nearly a thousand homes, 15 churches and repeal the automatic pay-booster scheme. If a dozen cemeteries. According to opponents brated a sad anniversary-passage of the of the dam, some people who would be dis­ automatic pay raise for Members of senators and congressmen feel that they de­ placed are living on land granted to their an­ Congress. It is fitting that the following serve a salary increase, they ought to have cestors by an English king in the 18th cen­ day the Des Moines Register printed an the courage to take a stand in view of their tury. editorial praising the efforts of Iowa constituents. An unusual aspect of the project-one Congressman CHARLES GRASSLEY, the that legislators should consider in this era of leader of the fight to rescind that pay energy shortages-is that it would be a net NEW RIVER ISSUE OFFERS CLEAR consumer of energy. Water fiowing from a raise. I would like to share with my col­ CHOICE lake upstream would power generators to leagues that editorial from the July 31 provide additional electricity for a multi­ Register and remind them that the gen­ state area during peak use periods. The tleman from Iowa (MJ:'. GRASSLEY)' my­ HON. PAUL SIMON water then would be impounded below the self, and other members will continue OF ILLINOIS generating plant and, during the non-peak periods, it would be pumped back upstream, our efforts to repeal the bill which al­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lows the representatives of the United and the process would start all over during Tuesday, August 3, 1976 the next peak use period. This recycling proc­ States taxpayers to raise their salaries ess would require consumption of four en­ without ever again having to publicly Mr. SIMON, Mr. Speaker, there is per­ ergy units for each three produced. vote on the matter: haps no issue before the Nation that is The Department of Interior, in an at­ BACKDOOR PAY RAISE as clear cut a question between the spec­ tempt to head off the project, recently des­ As matters now stand, members of Con­ ial interests and the public interest as the ignated a 26.5-mlle section of the river as gress will get a pay raise Oct. 1, about the New River proposal. part of the nation's wild and scenic river time they head home for the last stretch of system. There is some question as to the le­ My family and I went down the New gality of this action, however, since the the election campaign. They did not have to River with Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Wag­ power company had been granted a license vote themselves higher salaries this year­ ner and family and Mr. and Mrs. Jack earlier by the Federal Power Commission and risk a public debate that would call Lorenz and family. to dam the river. The legislation before the attention to what they were doing-because It is unbelievable to me that we seem House Rules Committee would settle the dis­ they arranged a year ago to get automatic to be inching toward destruction of this pute by invalidating the FPC license and annual increases coinciding with cost-of­ making it illegal to develop the 26.5-mile Uving rises. beautiful old river and the destruction of the way of life of 3,000 people, and section of the river. Congressional salaries rose from $42,500 to The North Carolina congressional delega­ $44,600 after a five per cent boost last year. doing it needlessly. tion is behind the bill. During the presiden­ They are expected to rise another flve or six I am inserting into the RECORD a col­ tial p1"lmairies, such oand1.dwtes as President per cent this year, to the neighborhood of umn I wrote a few weeks ago on the New Ford, Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter sup­ $47,000. R.iver question as wen as an article by ported it. The Environmental Protection Representative Charles Grassley (Rep., la.) Colman McCarthy in the Washington Agency supports it. The House leadership is has had little success so far with his moves Post and an editorial whioh appeared in said to support it. to repeal the automatic cost-of-living in­ the Washington Star Saturday, July 31. Why then is there a question about its crease as applied to congressional salaries. This is one battle the public should passage? Well, the power industry carries a He introduced a repeal b111 last September. goodsized stick on Capitol Hill. George win. Meany and his AFL-CIO carry an even bigger After Chairman David N. Henderson (Dem., The articles follow: N.C.) of the House Post Office and Civil Serv­ one. ice Committee told Grassley he had no inten­ [From the Washington Star, July 31, 1976) Is tt possible that a handful of Rules THE RIVER AND THE LOBBYISTS Committee members, persuaded or bludg­ tion of scheduling hearings on the blil, eoned by a handful of lobbyists, can destroy Grassley began circulating a discharge peti­ Next week before the House Rules Com­ a rive:r 100 million years old for a power proj­ tion to force the blll out of committee. mittee, a power company and the AFL-CIO ect with an estimated life of 50 years? About 80 representatives, including Iowa will line up against environmentalists, the Department of the Interior and several thou­ Democrats Berkley Bedell and Michael THE RULERS OF THE NEW RIVER Blouin, joined Grassley's cause. It is a cause sand mountain people trying to preserve · that has attracted the interest of Democratic their homes. (By Colman McCarthy) presidential candidate Jimmy Carter, who Which side has the most . clout may de- . The New River, which has been flowing has said he favors "going back to the old termine whether a section of ·the New Rive·r through the hills and bottotnlands of Eastern system" of Congress publicly voting on each in North Carolina and Virginia will be de­ Appalachia for an estimated 10 million pay raise, and Republican Ronald Reagan, stroyed in its natural form and families that years, may soon be destroyed by the House who charged that Congress "vaccinated itself have farmed the river valley for generations Rules Committee. Not as old as the river, against [inflation] pain" with the auto­ displaced. assuredly, but often as changeless in its di­ matic pay-booster provision. At issue ls a plan by the Appalachian rection, the committee wlll soon vote on Power Co., a subsidiary of American Electric whether to allow the House membership to The Ford administration backed the salary Power Co., to dam the New River for a hy­ consider legislation that will save the river. increase and, consequently, gave no encour­ droelectric generating plant. The power com­ Until now, it has been the American Electric agement to repeal moves. The Democratic pany and the AFL-CIO, which thinks the Power Company that has been seeking the leadership in Congress has tried to ignore project will provide nearly 2,000 construc­ New's destruction, by constructing dams for tne matter. tion jobs, have teamed up in an intense lob­ a power project that the company says is jus­ The way the senators and representatives bying effort to block legislation that would tified. But fears now exist that a dam ce­ voted themselves salary increases last year kill the project. mented by the politics of the Rules Commit­ showed how fast they can move when they There seems little doubt that the legis­ tee may doom the river in ways that the put their minds to it. Approval came five lation would be approved if it reached the power company arguments have failed to do. days after the automatic pay-booster sur­ floor of the House; the question is whether That failure has been colossal. Among faced publicly in a Senate committee as a the pro-dam lobbyists will be able to per­ those unpersuaded by AEP are the entire rider on a minor postal service bill. The Sen­ suade the Rules Committee to keep the bill North Carolina congressional delegation, ate passed the measure, 58-29, on July 29, and off the floor. Nose counters think it will be ·Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, the House cleared it, 214-213, the next day. nip and tuck when the Rules Committee the Interior Department, the Environmental What upset opponents of the b111 was the takes it up Thursday. Protection Agency, the House Interior Com­ ease with which their colleagues hitched a There are many reasons why this dam mittee, the Senate Interior Committee, na- 25378 EXTENSIONS OF R:EMARKS Au_gust 3, 1976 tional conservation groups, major newspapers Fall-telling the Democrats on the commit­ CONGRESSMAN PEPPER ADDRESSES in the area, and local citizens groups. tee to let the bill pass through? It can be NEW AMERICAN CITIZENS The solidity and breadth of this support is stated that not much leadership should be uncommon in land disputes, but in this case needed to get Democrats behind an idea so the compelling arguments for saving the unrisky that Gerald Ford and. Ronald Reagan river go far beyond any mindless down-with­ are supporting it. HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN the-power-company reaction. Instead, it is As for the citizens along the New River OF FLORIDA clearly seen that too many other values will whose hopes and homes may be submerged, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES go down if the project is sanctioned. Accord­ the rulers in Washington can only seem more ing to Rep. Stephen Neal of North Carolina, remote than ever. In 1974, a group of the Tuesday, August 3, 1976 who has sponsored the legislation in the citizens came to Washington to observe the Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I was House, the Blue Ridge project of American committee in action. But the committee Power would flood 40,000 acres, displace 3,000 hearing room was too small-big enough for honored to be on the dais with other Flor­ citizens, submerge 936 homes, 600 farms, 10 mostly the members and the lobbyists. Thus, ida officials for the Fourth of July cere­ industrial buildings, 23 commercial build­ the only action that day was watching a cor­ monies in Miami at which over 7,000 per­ ings, 5 U.S. Post Offices, 15 churches and 12 ridor security guard making sure that no sons were sworn in as new American cemeteries. American Power has protested­ citizens sneaked into the room, possibly to citizens. I was particularly pleased to in double full-page newspaper ads and else­ make trouble by suggesting so bold a thought share this experience with my colleagues where-that it has not gotten a fair hearing. as that the majority view be considered. in the House, Congressmen CLAUDE PEP­ But the evidence suggests otherwise. It has PER and DANTE FASCELL. been heard, it just hasn't been heeded. This A FIGHT THE PuBLIC MAY LOSE: THE NEW Congress is the second one to give large sup­ RIVER Congressman PEPPER made a very port to the New River. In 1974, a bill passed As a member of Congress I must vote on moving welcoming address to the new the Senate 50 to 19, and in the House 196 to legislation that affects areas outside of my citizens, and I would like to take this 181 (a two-thirds majority was needed to district, and one of these issues is about as time to share it with the rest of our col­ suspend the rules). pure a public interest fight against the spe­ leagues. But the numbers mean1' nothing because cial interests as any I have seen. the Rules Committee, in December 1974, Mr. Speaker, the address by the Hon­ The New River-this nation's oldest river­ orable CLAUDE PEPPER fallows: blocked the bill 13 to 2. In the committee goes through the mountains of Virginia and room on the day of the vote were some mem­ North Carolina, eventually flowing into the ADDRESS OF HON. CLAUDE PEPPER, JULY 4, 1976, bers who were sleeping, joking and behaving Ohio, which runs along a portion of my dis­ MIAMI, FLA. like the best of good old boys being obedient trict. Two centuries ago today, a new light burst to the hovering lobbyists from the power Our family took a canoe trip down this into the firmament of nations-the United company and the AFL-CIO. Correctly per­ river two weeks ago, through the rapids, and States of America. That light, feeble in its ceiving the Rules Committee to be a govern­ along a scenic area that looks much like some beginning, has grown in glow and glory un­ ment within a government-a junta vulner­ of the territory we have in Pope County in til today, Uke a giant sun, it warms the world able to pressures that don't work in the full Southern Illinois. with its rays of liberty, freedom and the dig­ Congress-the lobbyists were able to get their The utilities want to build a dam for a nity of Man. way because instead of having to work over a hydro-electric plant on the river, covering The Declaration of Independence was not majority of the 435 members of the House 50,000 acres of rich bottom l!and and moving merely a document declaring the Independ­ they needed to concentrate on only a major­ 3,000 mountain people from their homes. ence of the thirteen colonies from Great ity of the 15-member Rules Committee. While the dam is to be built in Virginia, Britain and a tyrannical king, but it was also The arguments of the lobbies-there's an most of the land to be flooded is in North a document which set forth the character, energy crisis and jobs are at stake-deserve Carolina, and the North Carolina General the goals, and the dreams of a new nation. to be heard, as they have been repeatedly. Asembly has unanimously opposed the proj­ Hear these words penned by Thomas Jeffer­ And rejected repeatedly. But the place for ect. son: the hearing is not the Rules Committee. This Two powerful lobbying groups favor the "We hold these truths to be self evident, group's function is the modest one of ex­ dam-the utility companies and the AFL­ that all men are created equal, and endowed amining bills for procedural problems as they CIO. by their creator with certain unalienable move from committees to the House floor. The unions favor the project because tt rights, among which are life, Uberty and the But the committee has become a medieval will mean 1,500 temporary construction jobs, pursuit of happiness." court which welcomes in jestocs to make any and because they say the power is needed. You now share with your fellow citizens clownish appeals that a private interest may I favor both jobs and an adequate power the legacy of freedom won and preserved by want. supply, but there are better ways of getting all those who have offered or given their Supporters of the New River legislation are both than ruining this beautiful area-and lives for it for two centuries. now worried that the committee will again changing the way of life of 3,000 people, You now, with your fellow citizens, share put itself in the pocket of the lobbyists. "The the wealth of this great nation built by the many of whom have lived for generations sweat and toil of all who have labored in public is hearing about the scandals in Con­ on these small farms. gress," says Rep. Neal, "but this is as scan­ this land for two hundred years. The Federal Power Commission has issued You share with your fellow citizens the dalous as any to date. A few labor bosses the license to build the dam, even though and a power company may be about to sub­ honor of being a citizen of the greatest and the Secretary of the Interior has designated noblest nation of the world. vert Congress because they can get to the the area which would be dammed as part of Rules Committee." , But we must all remember that the bless­ the nation's "wild and scenic rivers" pro­ ings of citizenship in this great republic do One of those working hard to persuade gram. Rules members against the bill is Jack Cur­ not come to any of us without obligations. A bill has been introduced by the con­ As those blessings have been won and passed ran, legislative director of the Laborer's In­ gressmen of North Carolina to stop the proj­ on to us by our predecessors, so must we ternational Union of the AFL-CIO. "It's a ect. The measure has been approved by the phony bill, because it does not do what it Interior Committee, but it has one major dedicate our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor, if need be, a.s did the signers says it will do. The only purpose of the New hurdle. River bill is to deny implementation of a of the Declaration of Independence, to pre­ · The House Rules Committee holds the serve the freedom and greatness of our coun­ license which was authorized by the Federal key to what happens. And in this case the Power Commission and upheld by the Court try -and pass it on in all its grandeur, and combined pressure from the utlllties and goodness and glory to generations yet un­ of Appeals." the AFL-CIO (with whom I usually agree) At the moment, the 16 members commit­ born. probably will be enough to stop congres­ Many of you know from sad experience tee (a new seat was created in this Congress) sional action which would save the New is said to be about evenly divided on the New what Uberty and freedom mean. I know you River. will be especially vigilant to assure the sur­ River bill. Seven members are believed to be If the dam is built, one of the world's vival of these blessings in this, your new unwaveringly for it, with a possible three oldest and most scenic rivers wm be lost. who could go either way. One of these is Rep. country. Three thousand people who like their homes I have the honor and privllege on behalf John Moakley (D-Mass). In 1974 he voted on and farms will be forced to move. Indians the floor as part of a 196-181 majority. At used the river for travel for 10,000 years or of this honorable court, to welcome you all the moment, however, Moakley is no longer more. Archeologists are just beginning to un­ as new citizens of the United States of Amer­ for the bill but is undecided. His office says cover the evidence of that history. But it. ica. I congratulate you upon being able to he is being heavily lobbied both by labor and too, will be lost. say when you see that flag-the Stars and environmentalists and that "Mr. Moakley Those 3,000 people and the scenic values Stripes-that that is not just the American wants to study the information." ' and those artifacts which will be lost prob­ flag-that is My flag. And I know that from Whichever way Moakley goes another ques­ ably will not weigh as heavily as the powers the heart of every one of you will now and tion remains. Why aren't the Democratic opposed to them. all the days of your lives rise a fervent prayer House leaders-Reps. Albert, O'Neill and Mc- But the nation is the loser 1f that happens. to heaven-God Bless America.. August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 25379 "GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE" Since 1973, however, this attitude has letter by leaving the determination of lead been reversed and much more emphasis time to the Administrator as under Section is placed on general openness. The most 202(a) of the current law. As we have dis­ HON. ALLAN T. HOWE notable piece of legislation in this area cussed, that determination by the Adminis­ OF UTAH trator certainly would take account of statu­ was the Freedom of Information Act, a torily-required fuel economy standards and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major step forward in allowing public the lead time provided to comply with those Tuesday, August 3, 1976 access to Government documents. Yet, standards. even this is a ·sort of after-the-fact This modification removes the only tech­ Mr. HOWE. I am proud to have cast measure since records are the result of nical problem which we had identified with my vote in support of H.R. 11656, the prior deliberations and internal docu­ regard to your amendment. As you know, the "Government in the Sunshine Act" ments on which decisions have already President has endorsed your proposed sched­ which passed the Congress overwhelm­ been made. ule and it has my support. ingly, 390 to 5, on July 28. Passage of Sincerely, /To me it is apparent that when Gov­ RUSSELL E. TRAIN. this bill will not only help relieve criti­ ernment closes its doors to people, those cism about an isolated, secretive Govern­ people are going to assume the worst and As noted in Administrator Train's let­ ment, but it also reaffirms an important believe there is something to hide. Until ter from EPA, we have agreed to all founding principle of our democratic Na­ now, the public has had little more than aspects of the amendment to be otf ered tion. Few will dispute the fact that a limited information, misinformation, or and the language of the amendment is system of open, accessible Government no information at all about the opera­ herewith enclosed for information to my has been the heart of our 200 years of tions of Government. These are all dan­ colleagues. The amendment also has liberty and is chiefly responsible. for our gerous conditions which cause wide­ been printed in the amendment section strong, thriving democracy. Yet this spread mistrust and discontent with po­ of the RECORD this date. principle has not survived 200 years en­ litical parties and leaders as shown in AMENDMENT TO H.R. 10498, AS ORDERED RE­ tirely intact, and it has been eroded and polls and general political apathy. Some PORTED BY MR. DINGELL AND MR. BROYHILL undermined to the point where we must of this mistrust is justified, and it should (As printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, take steps to reaffirm and rededicate our­ not be based on groundless, or confused August 3, 1976) selves to its full meaning. information, but instead on balanced Page 258, strike out line 7 and all that As a Member of Congress, I hear a lot consideration of the true facts. follows down through line 2 on page 263 and about the people's "right to know." I The logical resPQnse to this problem insert in lieu thereof the following : respect that right and would go even is a process of public education with the "(A) The regulations under subsection (a) further in saying Government officlals first place being to open the meetings of applicable to emissions of carbon monoxide have a resPQnsibility to engage in etforts and hydrocarbons from light-duty vehicles Government and the Federal agencies to and engines manufactured during model that would fulfill this need. The right to public scrutiny. Since broadcasting of know also involves legislators in the re­ years 1975 and 1976 shall contain standards House sessions-the most comprehensive which are identical to the interim standards SPonsibility to provide access and oppor­ step we could take in this direction­ which were prescribed (as of December 1, tunity for knowledge. Enactm~nt of this was blocked, enactment of the sunshine 1973) under paragraph (5) (A) of this sub­ legislation is a solid, constructive step bill is a significant alternative measure. section for light-duty vehicles and engines toward filling that need and providing Passage of the "Government in the manufactured during model yeq.r 1975. The such critical access. Sunshine Act" represents an important regulations under subsection (a) applicable Interestingly, but not inaccurately, the to emissions of carbon monoxide and hydro­ reaffirmation of our commitment to the carbons from light-duty vehicles and engines current vehicle through which we can principle of open Government. I am reinforce the principle of open Govern­ manufactured during model years 1977 pleased to see this recognition by the through 1979 shall contain standards which ment has come to be known as the "Sun­ Congress of our duty to keep the public provide that such emissions from such shine Act." Theoretically it will let some . informed on how important matters of vehicles and engines may not exceed 1.5 clean, bright light into the dark, musty their business are being conducted. grams per mile of hydrocarbons and 15.0 corners of governmental operations. grams per mile of carbon monoxide. The reg­ This bill will provide that the meetings ulations under subsection (a) applicable to of multimember Federal agencies be ADMINISTRATOR TRAIN OF EPA emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocar­ open to the public with the exceptions of WRITES IN SUPPORT OF DINGELL­ bons from light-duty vehicles and engines discussions of several specific areas. Ad­ BROYHILL AMENDMENT TO manufactured during model years 1980 and 1981 shall contain standards which provide vanced public notice will be required of CLEAN Affi BILL that the emissions from such vehicles and the meetings and a reasonable etfort engines may not exceed .9 grams per mile of must be made to make meetings access­ hydrocarbons and 9.0 grams per mile of car­ ible to the public. The exceptions under HON. JOHN D. DINGELL bon monoxide. The regulations under sub­ which meetings can be closed include OF MICHIGAN section (a) applicable to emissions of car­ considerations of national security and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bon monoxide and hydrocarbons from light­ defense matters, internal personnel prob­ Tuesd'ay, August 3, 1976 duty vehicles and engines manufactured dur­ lems, trade secrets or matters that would ing or after model year 1982 shall contain invade individual privacy. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, Admin­ standards which require a reduction of at istrator Train of the Environmental Pro­ least 90 per centum from emissions of carbon Openness in Government is an issue monoxide and hydrocarbons allowable under where Congress should follow the lead by tection Agency has contacted me with his strong support for the Dingell-Broy­ the standards under this section applicable States in recent years through the open­ to light-duty vehicles and engines manufac­ ing of internal proceedings. There has hill amendment to the pending Clean tured in model year 1970." been a rapid and widespread acceptance Air Act Amendments, H:R. 10498. As my (b) Subparagraph (B) of such section of various sunshine laws by the State colleagues are aware, Congressman 202 (b) ( 1) is amended to read as follows: legislatures. I feel this direction is reflec­ BROYHILL and I will be offering the Train "(B) The regulations under subsection tive of a general desire for more account­ recommended auto emission control (a) applicable to emissions of oxides of ability and disclosure in Government. Al­ standards in our amendment to the bill nitrogen from light-duty vehicles and en­ for model years 1978 onward. gines manufactured during model years 1975 ready 49 States have some kind of open­ and 1976 shall contain standards which meeting law and 35 State legislatures I insert Administrator Train's letter are identical to the standards which were conduct their committee deliberations in at this point. prescribed (as of December 1, 1973) under open view. · UNITED STATES ENvmoNMENTAL subsection (a) for light-duty vehicles and The Federal Government and Con­ PROTECTION AGENCY, engines manufactured during model year gress, however, have made some steps in Washington, D.O., Aug. 2, 1976. 1975. The regulations under subsection (a) the direction of opening their delibera­ Hon. JOHN D. DINGELL, applicable to emissions of oxides of nitrogen House of Representatives, from light-duty vehicles and engines manu­ tions to public view. In 1972, the Con­ Washington, D.O. factured during model years 1977 through gressional Quarterly found that 79 per­ DEAR JOHN: I am glad that we have agreed 1981 shall contain standards which provide cent of all committee bill drafting ses­ upon language to modify your proposed that such emissions from such vehicles and sions in the House and 98 percent in the amendment to H.R. 10498 so as to solve the engines may not exceed 2.0 grams per mile." Senate were held behind closed doors. lead time problem I identified in my July 28 (c) Section 208 (b) of such Act is amended 25380 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 by striking out paragraph ( 5) thereof and One very strong point in its favor is substituting the following: THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS "(5) (A) (i) The Administrator, after no­ that this is possibly the only Public OF 1976 tice and opportunity for hearing (as pro­ Health Center in the United States where vided in section 307 ( d) ) , shall promulgate, doctors originally contracted with the affording a sufficient period to permit the de­ Government are still present. It is a hus­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER velopment and application of the requisite band and wife team. From my observa­ OF KENTUCKY technology (giving appropriate considera­ tions they appear to be doing an excel­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion to the cost of compliance within such lent job and personalizing treatment as period), regulations containing standards much as possible. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 applicable to emissions of oxides of nitrogen which shall apply to light-duty vehicles or There remains problems, as there al­ Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, last Octo­ engines manufactured during the model ways are with health facilities. Some ·ber, I contacted public service commis­ years 1982 and 1983 and, in the discretion of citizens would like to see more extensive sions in this country to obtain their re­ the Administrator, subsequent model years. coverage; others are concerned about the actions to suggested amendments to the " (ii) Standards established under regula­ need for at-home care for the elderly. Clean Air Act of 1970. There has been a tions promulgated under this paragraph shall These and other problems should not de­ great controversy over the potential im­ provide for the maximum reduction of emis­ tract from the job being done by the pact of this bill on consumers across the sions which the Administrator determines Nation. I feel the comments of the au­ to · be technologically practicable for the facility; they should remind us that rural model year to which they apply, giving ap­ health care still has a long way to im­ thorities within the States who have propriate consideration to the cost of com­ prove that will demand the initiative and jurisdiction over utilities and rate cases pliance, the need for such standards to innovation of a concerned, active Con­ could prove useful in an analysis of the protect public health and the impact of gress. effects of the stricter standards imposed such standards on motor vehicle fuel The combination of governmental ef­ by this legislation. consumption. forts, plus concerned local citizens, such I asked each commission for informa­ "(B) Regulations promulgated under this as I met and talked with in East Brady, tion on the average residential consum­ paragraph may be revis~d pursuant to clause (11) of subparagraph (A). A standard estab­ will eventually help us solve the medical er's bill for July 1973, as compared to the lished in any such revised regulation shall dilemma faced by many rural citizens in bill for July 1975. During that period, apply for two or more model years within the the United States. electric rates jumped 56 percent in the period specified in subparagraph (A) (i). Commonwealth of Kentucky. This jump "(6) (A) Upon promulgation of a regula­ in rates was due, in part, to the increased tion under paragraph (5) applicable to any FRANK NUSTRA FOUNDER'S cost _of coal. I was interested to see what period of two or more model years, the Ad­ increase occurred in other States to de­ ministrator shall report to the Congress re­ AWARD ESTABLISHED specting the motor vehicle fuel consumption termine for myself whether consumers consequences, if any, of the standards ap­ outside the Commonwealth were ex­ plicable for such period in relationship to HON. ROBERT McCLORY periencing the same squeeze. I found the motor vehicle fuel consumption asso­ OF ILLINOIS rates to have increased substantially dur­ ciated with the standards applicable for the ing that time. I believe the situation in model year immediately preceding such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kentucky was similar to that in other period. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 States. "(B) The Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Energy Administration shall each Mr. MCCLORY. Mr. Speaker, the vet­ I asked a second question. Was there submit to Congress, as promptly as practi­ eran Lake County, Ill., recorder of deeds, any information or any projection avail­ cable following submission by the Adminis­ Frank Nustra, is receiving recognition able on the increased cost to consumers ·trator of the fuel consumption report re­ from the International Association of of electric power as a result of the ap­ ferred to in subparagraph (A), separate re­ Clerks, Recorders, Election Officials, and plication of scrubber technology to gen­ ports respecting suoh fuel consumption." Treasurers attesting to his long and dis­ erating plants in the respective jurisdic­ THE DINGELL-BROYHILL (TRAIN) AUTO tinguished service in county government. tions? EMISSION SCHEDULE Frank Nustra, who served Lake County Responses I received on that question 1977-7'9-HS, 1.5; 00, 15.0; NOx, 2.0. earlier as Lake County treasurer and varied. Many commissions had made no 1980-81-HC, .9; CO, 9.0; NOx, 2.0. has been Lake County recorder of deeds 1982 and future-He, .41; co, 3.4; EPA to study of the impact on rates as a result set Administratively. since 1959, has established an unblem­ of application of technology. Many au­ ished record of useful, courteous, and thorities stated that information on im­ efficient service which has gained him a pact was unavailable or unknown. In RURAL HEALTH CARE: LESSONS national and now an international rep­ other words, the impact on the economic AND NEEDS utation. Mr. Speaker, at the recent meeting of situation of consumers of electric power the International Association of Clerks, was unknown. Several replies mentioned HON. JOHN P. MURTHA Recorders, Election Officials.- and Treas­ that, although information was unavail­ OF PENNSYLVANIA urers the organization took action to es­ able, the expected costs would be con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tablish the "Frank Nustra Founder's siderable and be reflected in the rate base. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 Award" which will be granted annually Of those with projections,' it was clear by that organization to "a deserving that in areas heavily dependent on coal­ Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, one of the member of the association for meritori­ fired generating facilities for electric problems Congress must increasingly fo­ ous service." cus on is rural health care-the problems power, the cost would range between 20 Mr. Speaker, at another meeting later and 30 percent to the consumer. of attracting doctors to rural areas and this year, Frank Nustra will also be hon­ providing the health care facilities to ored by the Illinois Association of Clerks I believe this lack of information, this treat the people quickly and conveniently. and Recorders in Chicago or Springfield. uncertainty over impact expressed by On Wednesday, July 7, I visited the This dual recognition of my longtime those with responsibility for reviewing Hoffman Memorial Medical Center in friend, Frank Nustra, is well-deserved requests for rate adjustments, is indica­ East Brady, Pa. I believe this center has and attests to the great value of local tive of need for a careful approach to the some importnt lesssons for us. One of government in our society-which is the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1976. I am those lessons is that it is an axample of real bulwark of our democratic system. inserting in the RECORD at. this time wise Federal Government planning. Throughout his career Frank has been responses I have received from the States The Center was established 4 years ago supported by his devoted wife, Florence. of Florida, Mississippi, Connecticut, Del­ by a local citizens group: The Center is Mr. Speaker, I am proud to advise you aware, South Carolina, and Indiana: not a Federal facility. It belongs to the and my colleagues in the U.S. House of FLORIDA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, community. It did begin, however, as part Representatives of these honors being October 23, 1975. of a Federal program administered by paid to the Lake County recorder of Hon. TIM LEE CARTER, the National Health Service Corps. It deeds, Frank Nustra, and to extend to Representative, 2441 Rayburn Office Build­ shows how the Government can help him through this means my own and the ing, Washington, D.C. stimulate answers without permanently public's appreciation for his service, as DEAR CONGRESSMAN CARTER: This is in re­ involving itself in local communities. well as my heartfelt congratulations. sponse to your letter of October 14, 1975, re- August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF RiEMARKS 25381 garding the effects of the Clean Air Act of TYPICAL ELECTRIC BILL FOR 1,000 KWH 1? MISSISSIPPI PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, 1970 on consumers of electric power. ~ p~ Jackson, Miss., October 28, 1975. PER MONTH 1 1 The Florida Public Service Com.mission is Hon. TIM LEE CARTER, Member, U.S. House of vitally concerned about the rapid increases. ------Representatives Washington, D.C. in the cost of electric power and the im­ Company 2 July 1973 July 1975 DEAR MR. CARTER: Your October 14, 1975, plications these changes have on the life­ letter to Mississippi Public Service Commis­ style and well-being of consumers in the Florida Power Corp______$26.92 40.57 sion Chairman Norman A. Johnson, Jr., re­ State of Florida. ' Florida Power & Light Co______23. 08 37. 00 garding electric fuel costs has been received Gulf Power Co ______18. 73 34. 33 and referred to me for appropriate research Environmental regulations have unmis­ Tampa Electric Co ______23. 36 38. 63 and reply. takably contributed to these increases during ------I am enclosing comparision of rates for the past few years. We sincerely appreciate Weighted average______23. 70 37. 79 the two major electric companies in Missis­ the consideration you are giving to the eco­ Percent increase ______sippi, which reflects rates and all associated nomic impact of environmental policy in 59 fuel costs for the months of July 1973, and the area of electric rates. July 1975. Enclosed ls an attachment containing the With reference to increases in residential 1 1,000 kwh/mo. is approximately the average residential rates resulting from the application of scrub­ information you have requested. If we can consumption in Florida. ber technology, we have no figures. We are be of any further assistance, please do not 2 These 4 companies account for 99.7 P.ercent of the residential customers served by investor owned utilities in Florida. keenly aware that the associated cost will be hesitate to contact us. considerable. Sincerely, Note: Tampa Electric Co. has projected that the cost of scrubber technology in terms of 1975 dollars would be 0.92¢/kwh. Sincerely yours, WILLIAM T. MAYO, This would translate into an increase of $9.20/mo. for the · C. KEITH HOWLE, Chairman. average residential customer (l,000 kwh/mo). Director of Utilities. COMPARISON OF RATES FOR MAJOR ELECTRIC COMPANIES IN THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI COMPARISON OF RATES FOR MAJOR ELECTRIC COMPANIES IN THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI AS OF JULY 1, 1973 AS OF JULY 1, 1975

250 500 750 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 250 500 750 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh

1. Company name: Mississippi Power & 1. Company name: Mississippi Power & Light Co ______Light Co. I 2. Largest city served: Jackson. 2. Largest city served: Jackson. 3. •Base rate ______3. Base rate •------$7. 35 $9. 85 $11. 55 $14. 05 $19. 05 $24. 05 $9.12 $13. 37 $17. 37 $21. 37 $29. 37 $37. 37 4. Fuel adjustment ($.003825) per kWh ___ . 96 1. 91 2. 87 3.83 5. 74 7. 65 4. Fuel adjustment ($.0071080) per kWh __ 1.78 3. 55 5. 33 7.11 10. 66 14. 22 Total . ______- - 5. Total ______------8. 31 11. 76 14.42 17. 88 24. 79 31. 70 5. 10. 90 16. 92 22. 70 28. 48 40. 03 51. 59 6. Amount in base rate that represents 6. Amount in base rate that represents fuel cost (2.5 mills) ______. 63 1. 25 1. 88 2. 50 3. 75 5.00 fuel cost (7 mills) ______1.75 3. 50 5. 25 7. 00 10. 50 14."00 1. Company name: Miss issipp i Power Co. 1. Company name : Mississippi Power Co. 2. Largest city served: Meridian. 2. Largest city served: Meridian. 3. •Base rate ______3. Base rate•------7. 70 11.18 14.18 17.18 24.00 32.00 8. 75 13. 50 17. 88 22. 25 31. 00 39. 75 4. Fuel adjustment ($.002235) per kWh ___ . 56 1.12 1. 68 2. 24 3. 35 4. 47 4. Fuel adjustment ($.007617) per kWh __ __ 1. 90 3. 81 5. 71 7. 62 11.43 15. 23 5. TotaL ______------8.26 12. 30 15.86 19. 42 27. 35 36.47 5. TotaL ______------10. 65 17. 31 23. 59 29. 87 42.43 54. 98 6. Amount in base rate that represents · 6. Amount in base rate that represents fuel cost (2.5 mi1ls) ______•.63 1. 25 1. 88 2.50 3. 75 5. 00 fuel cost (4.5 mills) ______1.13 2. 25 3. 38 4. 50 6. 75 9. 00

• Rates based on schedule for resident ial water heater (excluding sales tax) as used in FPC • Rates based on schedule for residential water heater (excluding sales tax) as used in FPC typical bill analysis. typical bill analysis.

STATE OF CONNECTICUT, STATE OF DELAWARE, The average South Carolina residential PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION, PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, electric blll for July, 1973, was $22.58, as com­ Hartford, Conn., November 5, 1975. Dover, Del., November 14, 1975. pared to $33.12 for July, 1975. The average Hon. TIM LEE CARTER, Hon. TIM LEE CARTER, kilowatt-hour usage for July, 1973, was 1059, U.S. House of Representatives, as compared to 1000 for July, 1975. U.S. Representative, House Office Building, Due to the scarcity of information and Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, D.C. lack of experience, we cannot give you specific Washington, D .C. DEAR CONGRESSMAN CARTER: In reply to your figures, but only a range based on our best DEAR CONGRESSMAN CARTER: This is in reply letter of October 14, 1975, my staff has ob­ estimates. The projected increases in residen­ to your letter of October 14, 1975 requesting tained the following information from the tial-user charges, resulting from the applica­ cost information in regard to average resi­ Delmarva Power & Light Company. tion of scrubber technology, would range dential electric bills. The average bill for a residential Delaware from five to seven mills per kilowatt hour as The average residential electric bill for cus­ Delmarva Power & Light Company customer an average for our three major electric util­ tomers served by electric utilities under our in July, 1973 was $27.16 and in July, 1975 ities in South Carolina. This computes to a $30.00. jurisdiction for July 1973 and July 1975 is as was 15-21 % increase on the average residential The increase in residential user charges follows: electric bill in South Carolina for July, 1975. resulting from the application of scrubber I want to thank you for the interest you Average bill: July 1973, $19.35; July 1975, technology is impossible to estimate with any have shown by contacting this Commission as $27.64. degree of accuracy. The total cost of adding a member of the Subcommittee on Health Average usage: July 1973, 580 Kilowatt­ scrubbers to five (5) of Delmarva Power & and the Environment, pertaining to any ac­ hours; July 1975, 550 Kilowatthours. Light Company's generating units will be tion Congress may consider. Please note the difference in average usage $110,600,000. The carrying charges on such Very truly yours, between the two periods and to assist you an investment would be almost eighteen mil­ ABNEY A. SMITH, further in your comparison a. July 1973 bill lion dollars per year which would need to be Commissioner. for 550 kilowatthours amounted to $18.58. reflected in rates to all customers. A 1974 study made by the Connecticut De­ I trust that I have answered your ques­ STATE OF INDIANA, tions, and I will be happy to provide what­ PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, partment of Bnvironmental Protection indi­ ever information you need in the future. cated that the installed cost of a scrubber Indianapolis, November 12, 1975. Very truly yours, Hon. TIM LEE CARTER, system on an existing generating unit would I CURTIS w. STEEN, U.S. Congressman, 2441 Rayburn Office Build­ be in the range of $100-$125 p.er kilowatt of Chairman. ing, Washington, D.C., 20515 Installed capacity. In addition, the operating STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, DEAR CONGRESSMAN CARTER: My apologies and maintenance costs of the scrubber sys­ PuBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION, for being so long in replying to your letter of tem were estimated to be in the range of 4-8 Columbia, S.C., October 30, 1975. October 14, 1975, requesting certain informa­ mills per kilo~tthour. Hon. TIM LEE CARTER, tion concerning residential bills for electric I trust you will find this information help­ Congress of the United States, House of Rep­ service and the impact of application of ful. resentatives, 2441 Rayburn Office Build­ scrubber technology as it now exists on such ing, Washington, D .C., 20515 bills. Sincerely, DEAR CONGRESSMAN CARTER : In response to The requested information is as follows: HOWARD E. HAUSMAN, your letter of October 14, 1975, I am pleased 1. The average residential electric bills for Chairman. to furnish you the following information. the five investor-owned ut111ties in the state 25382 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS August 3, 19'76 of Indiana for July 1973 was $18.76 as con­ helpful to you, please do not hesitate to let the cost of producing bulk power by East trasted with the average residential electric us know. Kentucky. These experts further state bills of July 1975 for the sum of $23.85. Yours very truly, this increase will mean an additional 33 2. The best figures available for the elec­ LARRY J. WALLACE, Chairman. percent on top of present residential tric utilities in the state of Indiana on pro­ consumer bills. jected increases and residential user charges Make no mistake, this legislation will resulting from the application of scrubber I am also including in the RECORD at technology is estimated (a) will cost a little be costly to consumers of electric power. this time a copy of the Scrubber Cost I strongly support the attainment and over one billion dollars of additional capital Summary provided me by East Ken­ if scrubbers were required in all electric gen­ maintenance of primary and secondary erating plants and (b) would cost $350,000,- tucky Power Cooperative, Spurlock No. ambient air quality standards, and 000 in annual operating costs. The effect of 1 Station listed has just been dedicated I firmly believe there are less costly these above figures would be an increase cost so information is not complete. The Dale strategies by which we can accomplish of 20.7% per customer in Indiana to comply Station listed and the John Sherman our goal, strategies which reflect a more with the application of scrubber technology. Cooper Station listed are existing plants. realistic appreciation of the crunch in -The figures available for scrubber tech­ Both may be required, as a result of this which many Americans are finding nology were as of June 13, 1975, and it is esti­ legislation, to install scrubbers to meet themselves today: mated that there has been an increase of the requirements of the new act. Ac­ I urge each Member of this body to approximately $25.00 per kilowatt for capital cording to engineers with East Ken­ carefully review the additional, separate, expenditures. tucky, this summary can be translated and minority views accompanying the If we can provide any other information as meaning an increase of 62 percent in bill, H.R. 10498:

SCRUBBER COST SUMMARY EAST KENTUCKY POWER COOPERATIVE

Spurlock Spurlock Question Cooper • Dale No. 1 Question Cooper Dale No. 1

1. What is the original cost of the power station?_ _ $45, 000, 000 $25, 000, 000 l $115, 000, 000 5. Estimated loss of plant capacity (3 percent) 2. Cost of adding scrubbers 2 ______$36, 480, 000 $22, 116, 000 $34, 200, 000 (megawatts) ______10. 62 5. 28 9. 0 3. Estimate of so2removal equipment operating 6. Fuel adjustment for August (mills per kilowatt- cost______$7, 469, 400 hour) ______------____ _ $3, 713, 600 $6, 330, 000 7. 208 7. 208 ------4. Estimated cost of money (percent)______7. 56 7. 56 7. 56 7. Base power rate increase in 1ast 3 years (per- cent) ______._. ______3. 9 3. 9 ------

1 Estimated construction cost. 2 Plus approximately $12,500,000 at each facility for sludge disposal.

PERSONAL EXPLANATION and the church which stands behind him, the year before I came, with another di­ but also to point out the great need for rector." activity of this sort in these times. Many In the past two and ia half years, though HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN young people in the immediate past have Miller has devoted his time to providing OF FLORIDA something for the young people to do almost practically said to the world, "Stop, I all the time. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES want to get off." "During the summer we have something Tuesday, August 3, 1976 The need for increase in communica­ for them to do every day but Monday. That's tions between all people and the need to my day off, though I have finally gotten close Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, due to un­ get into the mainstream of being a help­ enough to the kids for them to come by my breakable commitments in my district, I ful citizen can be met by constructive house on Mondays-they even get me out of was unable to be present in the House for work in church and social-minded orga­ bed-to talk about their problems with me. the final vote on Thursday, July 29, or nizations, the sooner, the better. "Then I take a van load to the beach every for Friday, July 30th. Had I been present, ,The article follows: Tuesday morning and we play in a softball I would have voted as follows: league on Tuesday evenings. Wednesday On rollcall No. 573, agreeing to House YOUTH DIRECTOR: "I'M CHANGING morning a lady at the church teaches arts THEIR LIVES" and crafts and on Wednesday evenings I Resolution 1350, to establish a Select teach a Bible study group. Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Con­ (By Barbara White) Al Miller spends his week organizing activi­ "That is one of my high points. It's the trol, as a cosponsor of a similar resolu­ ties for young people in the seventh through first year I've actually taught Bible. I started tion, I would have voted "yea." the 12th grades. He takes them to the beach it just as a discussion group, but now I see On rollcall No. 576, the Bingham one day a week, ice skating or to a movie an­ that you don't have to be a high-powered amendment to H.R. 8401, the Nuclear other, and twice a week they play softball. theologian to teach the Bible. I really feel Fuel Assurance Act, I was paired for the "Sometimes the parents come to me and God working with and through me in this amendment and would have voted "aye." ask what kind of group I'm running-a social class. He's touching their lives and meaning group or a church group?" something to them. On rollcall No. 577, the rule for H.R. "That's when I know I'm not just a social 2525, the Indian Health Care Improve­ Miller, the youth director of Ortega United Methodist Church, admits that he has occa­ director." ment Act, I would have voted "yea." sionally wondered about that himself. The Thursdays offer service and more softball as On rollcall No. 578, final passage of activities he plans may be fun, but are they the group fills a regularly scheduled slot at H.R. 2525, I would have voted "yea." religious? the Normandy Day Care Center in the morn­ "I was talking about this very thing with ing, helping with the children or mowing the the minister, Rev. Don Jones, and his wife, yard, and returns to the softball field in the YOUTH DIRECTOR: "I'M CHANGING Mary Ann, who is director of the youth choir. evening. THEIR LIVES" She said that she had had parents tell her "Last year we made it to the finals and that since we instituted the full program, were the champs. This year, we were moved their kids are coming home changed-it's into a harder league and we didn't win." HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT making a difference in their home lives. On Friday mornings Miller teaches a per­ OF FLORIDA "That's when you know you're making a cussion class with five or six youngsters who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES difference, you can feel you're doing the right are just becoming interested in playing an Tuesday, August 3, 1976 thing, when they really change their lives." instrument. Miller has been youth director at the "Friday evenings we go to a movie or go Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, I include Ortega church for two and a half years. The ice skating . . .. just do something fun to­ here an article published in the July 31 group has grown from 25 to 30 junior and gether." Jacksonville Journal about Mr. Al Miller senior high school youths to "close to 80 with Some special activities are included, who is the youth direcitor for the Ortega the new crop of seventh-graders." "olympic" games have been established with United Methodist Church, and I do so "I can't take all the credit though. Rev. about 300 youths from eight Methodist not just to pay tribute to this fine man Jones started developing the youth program churches in the subdistrict taking part. August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25383 "We use the same games every year so we One might wonder what he has to cele­ formed a united command-a sort of can keep records. We are going to contact brate. Could it be the unforgettable Water­ "terrorist international" called the Guiness and see if we can get our records gate or maybe the vast inflation upon the in there. In the pyramid build, we put up Nation? No, this year did not come to be put JCR--Revolutionary Coordinating Coun­ 10 kids in 2.9 seconds fiat. And there is one down by its human faults, the faul ... s which cil. The JCR includes the ERP-Ejercito youngster who threw a frisbee 245 feet." are tearing at the country. We are here to Revolucionario del Pueblo, Peoples Revo..;. A subdistrict in Orlando has picked up the celebrate the wonder of our country, "One lutionary Army-of Argentina; the olympics idea and Miller said he had a call Nation under God," for being such a success Chilean MIR--Movimiento de la Izqui­ from a church in Miami that was interested for 200 years. erda Revolucionaria, Movement of the in beginning. "Maybe we can have a state This country has had her downfalls and Revolutionary Left--the Bolivian ELN­ meet one day." weaknesses. But, then, what country has Ej ercito de Liberacion Nacional, National Most weekends the group plans a special not? Where else can one find the most activity, Miller said. "We go on retreats or povr.:erful Nation in the world, a country Libera ti on Army; and the Tupamaros of something like that. The youth choir, the whose people are free to make her what Uruguay. Sonshine People, went on tour and most of they want her to be. Truly the people have Strong antiterrorist measures in the group, 60 or 65 of them, belong to the ever more to look up to than they have to Chile, Bolivia, and Uruguay drove the choir." look down upon. surviving terrorists and their supporters They have scheduled a car wash for today Forever shall this country be praised into exile. Large numbers of them en­ to raise funds for their latest project and around the world! No one has yet to match tered Argentina legally and illegally tomorrow afternoon they will make final the uniqueness which links this nation to­ preparations for this venture. gether. Such a bind is not likely ever to where they joined with the ERP terror" "We'll leave Monday and come back on occur again, and it is that fact that makes ists. Aug. 9-we'll be gone a -full week," said America so special. So, for the one who Mario Munoz was a leader of the Re­ Miller. wonders what there is to celebrate, maybe gional Miners Councils, a labor front of The group will make a hiking trip along he has never been a real American, but for the Mm. JCR organizations in Europe the Appalachian Trail, the third year they those in glory with happiness in their hearts, have charged that Munoz had been in have made the trek. the "Stars and Stripes" shall ever bear forth. Argentina "aiding Chilean refugees" and "In the past we:ve gone with other groups and ended up with about 80 kids-and that's that he was arrested on July 2 in a raid too many, so this year there will just be 34 by security forces on a United Nations of us and counselors." U.S. SUPPORT GROUPS FOR ARGEN­ ·operated facility for so-called political Fellowship is a vital part of all the activi­ TINE TERRORISTS refugees who were aiding terrorists. A ties Miller plans for the youth. Trotskyist Communist source states "But it isn't just fellowship. On this hike, that Munoz has been released. However, in the evenings, we will sit around and talk a check with Argentinian authorities re­ and there will be devotionals and little pro­ HON. LARRY McDONALD OF GEORGIA veals that Sr. Munoz had never offi­ grams. It's so quiet and away from everybody; cially entered Argentina; that its secu­ you feel so close to God. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "My kids may not walk around saying, 'I rity agencies have no record of having love God.' But they show it." Tuesday, August 3, 1976 arrested him and no information as to Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the ac­ his location, although no doubt they tions of several powerful terrorist organi­ would like him in custody. THOUGHTS ON MY COUNTRY'S zations have brought Argentina to a con­ In similar previous cases, revolution­ BIRTHDAY dition of near anarchy. The Marxist­ aries have clandestinely entered a coun­ Leninist terrorist groups were substan­ try with false identification and have HON. BO GINN tially aided by two decisions of the late been picked up routinely in checks-and President Juan Peron in 1973-an am­ have been released routinely before their OF GEORGIA true identities were known. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nesty which freed hundreds of impris­ oned terrorists-and the admittance to Within days of his alleged disappear­ Tuesday, August 3, 1976 Argentina of Chilean, Bolivian, and Uru­ ance, an international support operation Mr. GINN. Mr. Speaker, I believe that guayan terrorists and revolutionaries as for Munoz went into operation. Support the true meaning of our Bicentennial "political refugees" after the overthrow for the MIR and ERP comes from Year can be measured by the impact of Salvador Allende's regime. both the Cuban apparatus and from that it is having on our young people. These refugee terrorists have in many Trotskyist Communists. Trotskyist or­ The Bicentennial has shown that our instances joined forces with the indige­ ganized the ERP and participated in the youth, perhaps more than our older citi­ nous Argentinian terrorists to attack not formation of the MIR. zens, recognize the real significance of only the government of Juan Peron's In Europe, the support effort for Mario our Naition's 200th birthday. widow and successor, Isabel Peron, but Munoz has been spearheaded by the I can think of no individual who has also of the military government which Committee To Defend the Worker & better demonstrated the importance of replaced her in March of this year. Sailor Prisoners in Chile. Their arm in this great event in American history The refugee terrorists and refugees this country is the Partisan Defense than Mr. Dennis Carr, a student at Ed­ who were providing support services for Committee-PDC-which operates from mund Burke Academy in Burke County, the terrorists such as providing "safe Post Office Box 633, Canal Street Station, Ga. Dennis recently won first place in houses," money, serving as couriers, hid­ New York, N.Y. 10013, 212/925-2426. the academy's essay contest on the sub­ ing fugitives, and so forth, have been The PDC's list of endorsers of the ject, "Thoughts on My Country's Birth­ the subject of strict control measures by Munoz campaign is very interesting and day." The contest was sponsored by the the Argentine police and military. Some revealing. Sponsors of special interest Ladies Auxiliary World War I Veterans of the so-called political refugees who include: · Otranto Barracks 1049. in fact were members or supporters of Edmund Samarakkody, leader of the Rev­ In his essay, Dennis has shown a pene­ the Chilean MIR, the Bolivian ELN, or olut ionary workers Party, a militant trating undersfanding of our Nation's the Uruguayan Tupamaros have been ex­ Trotskyist communist faction in Sri Lanka. pelled. Others have been given notifica­ Denis Cassin, national organizer of the place in the world, and the special re­ Ixish Republican Clubs, USA and Canada, sponsibility that Americans have to their tion to leave. the support front for the terrorist Official heritage. I commend Dennis for his out­ In this country, supporters of these (Marxist-Leninist) 00-anch of the Irish Re­ standing work, and I insert the text ·of Cuban-trained and armed terrorists public,an Army. his essay to be reprinted at tht; point: have commenced a pressure campaign Rosie (Roosevelt) Douglas, a well-known Nineteen hundred and seventy six marks aimed at gaining U.S. visas for them; at v!olence-oriented revolutionary who after the 200th anniversary of our great Nation, pressuring the U.S. State Department resisting Canadian deportation proceedings perhaps the greatest birthday of America into interceding on behalf of arrested for several years returned recently to the during our life time. When one thinks of it revolutionaries who are not American West Indies. in this way, he should strive to make this Revolutionary Marxist Group, the cana­ year a success for himself and also for his citizens, and at cutting off all U.S. aid to dian Trotskyist organization which sup­ Nation. The Bicentennial success lies in the Argentina. ports the "terrorism now" posit.ion of the people, for it is the people who are the In 1974, four Cuban supported Latin Fourth Interna.tional's ruling Iruternationa.l Nation. American revolutionary organizations Majority Tendency (IMT). 25384 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 Os.rm.en Castillo, a ,top leader of the Chilean cal 6, and a member of the Lieber Club Thomas I. Emerson, Prof. of Law, Yale U.* MIR terrorists. Castillo was wounded and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, City Lights Books, OUba and Europe organizing the reinfUtra­ ROSTER OF ENDORSERS S.F. tion into OhUe of MIRistas. UNITED STATES Norman Fisher, Dept. of Philo., Kent State Ir;ish Republic·a.n Socialist Party (IRSP) Raymond Lee Abraham, Jr., B.S.O.C; u.• ls a Trotskyist communist p8.l'ty headed by Father Antoine Ardien, Haitian Fathers." Jane Fonda. Bernadette Devlin McAlUster. The IRSP has American Federation of State, County and Mauricio Font, Group on Latin American been working closely with the Saor Eire, an Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Local 634, Issues.• Irish Trotsky1st terror giang. Madison, Wi. Geoffrey Fox, Chicago Commission of In­ Alain Krivine is head of the Ligue Com­ AFSCME, Local 1695, Berkeley, Ca. quiry into the Status of Human Rights in muniste Revolutionnaire (LCR), the French Eqbal Ahmad. Chile.• seat.ion of the Fourth Interill81tional which Ellery Allen. Frank Fried. supports the !MT "terrorism no:w" group. Robert L. Allen, editor, The Black Scholar.* Friends of Indochina. Krivine and other French Trotskyiists were Roxana Alsberg, folksinger. Marina Garcia, Sec'y, Assoc. of Latin Mu- arrested recently in F:rance for encouraging Associated Student Government, North­ sicians of America.• army recruits to turn their guns around on · western u.• Charles R. Garry, Atty. their officers. John August, Teamsters for Democracy, Barbara Garson, author. Pierre Lambert heads an international !BT 695.* Eugene Genovese, Prof. of History, Ro­ "Trotskyist organization which ls a rival of Roldo Bartimole, editor, Point of View.* chester u.• the Fourth International, the Organisation Thomas Barton, member 1199.* James Gillespie, Local 1247, Boilermakers.• Commu.niste Internattonallste (OCI). OCI Andrew Beattie, Biology Dept., Northwest­ Jorgen Goderstad, Chairman, S. Central 1ma;intains close contact with Palestinian ern U.* Wisconsin local, Socialist Party.• terrorists. Larry Bensky, General Manager, KPFA Harvey Goldberg, Prof. of History, U. of J,iri Pelikan has an interesting background. Radio.* Wisconsin.* Back in the days when he had KGB assign":" Jim Berland, Public Service Dir., KPFK William Goodman, Nat'l Press. Nat'l Law­ ments he served as head of the Interna.tiona.l Radio.* yers Guild.* Union of Students; later he served as head Daniel Berrigan. JoAnne Granquist, U. of Wisconsin, Madi­ of the Czech television network. When the Al vah Bessie. son, School of Nursing.• Russians invaded his country in 1968, he fled; Blaclc Students Organization and Com­ Lee Grant. and has since been active in "independent" munication, Chicago. Rev. G. G. Grant, S.J., Amnesty Interna- Marxist circles. Frederick Blum, V.P., A.F.T. Local 3500*; tional•, Committee to Save Lives in Chile.• Luis Vitale is another leader of the Assoc. Prof. of Geography. Jim Grant, SCEF. * Trotsky,ist Fourth International. James Bond, City Council of Atlanta, Ga. Dick Gregory. M. Wa.rschawsk1 leads the Revolutionary Anne Braden, civil rights activist. Eliot Grossman, Nat'l. Lawyers Guild, Communist League (Ma.tzpen-Marxist) in Fred Branfma.n. Hastings Chapter.• Israel. The RCL is the Israeli sootion of, the J. Quinn Brisben, V.P. candidate, SPUSA.• Group of Concerned South Asians. Fourth International. Under the alias Finley Campbell, Progressive Faculty Cau- Will Haasch, Pres., Local 507 Graphic Arts "Mikado," Wa.rschawsk1 votes with the !MT cus,' of Wisconsin.• Industrial Union (GAIU) ,• Madison. faction on the Fourth Interna.tional's In­ Joe Carnegie, Dir., Brooklyn Fight Back.* Burton Hall, Atty. ternational Executive Committee in support John Carroll, Esq., Southern Poverty Law Bill Hampton. of the Palestinian terrorists. Center.• Harlem Fight Back. Chicago Alliance Against Racist and Polit- Paul Harris, A tty. The sPonsors of the Committee To Save ical Repression. R. Hauert, Program Co-ord., Ethics and Mario Munoz-PDC-in the United Noam Chomsky. Religion, U. of Michigan.• States are varied, ranging from old Com­ David Clarenbach, state senator, Wisconsin. James Haughton, Harlem Fight Back. munist Party, USA, activists such as William E. Clark, Sec'y, Graduate Assist- Tom Hayden. Alvah Bessie, Anne Braden, Angela Davis, ants Union, U. of Conn. Nat Hentoff. Charles R. Garry, and Paul Jacobs Coalicion de Latinoamericanos. Adam Hochschild, editor, Mother Jones.• Fred Cohn, Atty. Richard A. Hodge, Atty. through Trotskyist Communists like Comandos de la Resistencta de la Repub­ William L. Hoover, Dept. of Soc., Kent Froben Lozada of the Socialist Workers lica Dominica. State U.* Party and Trotskyist splinter groups such Comite Pro Defensa de los Derechos· Hu­ Independent Caucus, American Federation as the Communist Cadre, the Interna­ manos en la Republica Dominicana, New of Teachers (AFT),• New Jersey State Col­ tional Socialists and the Revolutionary York. lege.• Socialist League to "new left" supporters Committee Against Friedman/Harberger International Socialists, Chicago local. Collaboration with the Chilean Junta, Chi­ International Socialists, Madison local. of the Vietcong, Palestine Liberation cago. Organization and other terrorist groups. International Student Defense Committee, Committee on Palestinians in New Eng­ U. of Chicago.• A large number of sponsors are drawn land. International Workers Party. from the National LawYers Guild­ Communist Cadre. Iowa City Federation of Labor. NLG-the principal legal support group Community Action on Latin America, Abdeen Jabara, Atty. for terrorists in this country. NLG spon­ Madison. Paul Jacobs, ex-editor, Ramparts.• sors include William Goodman, NLG Christopher R. Cony.beare, The Ecumenical E. Roy John, Dir. Brain Research Labora­ Justice Project.* president; Eve Pell; .Atbdeen Jabara; tory, New York Medical College.~ Conrad Lynn; Sanford Katz; Michael Robert H. Cowen, Ma.th Dept., Queens Col­ Dale Johnson, Prof. of Sociology, Rutgers lege.• u.• Kennedy; Fred Cohn; Thomas I. Emer­ William V. D'Antonio, Dept. of Sociology, son, recently retired from Yale Law Sanford Katz, Atty. U. of Conn.• Ira Katznelson, Assoc. Prof. Pol. Scl., U. of School; and Judge Justin Ravit.s, of Angela Davis, CO-chairperson, National Al­ Chicago.• Detroit. liance Against Racist and Political Repres­ Neil Kaufier, Dove County, Board of Su­ The Institute for Policy Studies and sion.• ipervisoa.-s. • its Transnational Institute subsidiary are Jaime De La Isla, Chicano-Boricua Stud- Theodore W. Keller. ies, Wayne State U. • John Kelly-Gadol, Dept. of History, City represented by Eqbal Ahmad and Paul Dave Del11nger. Jacobs, an admitted Communist Party College of New York.* Desmond Trotter Defense Committee. Mark Kelly. member. Carter R. Dodge. Florynce Kennedy, Atty. It is amusing that in this united front Dominicans in Support of Progress. Michael Kennedy, Atty. effort among the endorsers are a Trot­ Frank Donner, Gen. Counsel United Elec- skyist group, The Spartacist League's trical Workers (UE) ,•member ACLU.• Martin Kenner, screenwriter and author. East Bay Women for Peace. Ronald Kent, Field Rep., Wisconsin State Militant Solidarity Caucus, an "insur­ Employees Union, AFSCME. • gent" rank-and-file group in a UAW lo­ Donn R. Edmark, News Dir., WRJN Radio.• Elizabeth Dore, Latin American Institute, Noah Kimerling. cal, which has found "Militant Solidar­ Columbia U.* Rose Kirk, Chief Steward, Local 7507, Oil, ity" for once with the old SteJinist Nor­ Ecumenical Program for Inter-American Chemical and Atomic Workers Union man Roth, former president of UAW Lo- Communication and Action. (OCAW).* August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25385 Donald J. Klimovich, assoc. editor, Chicago Eve Pell. Anthony Walsh, National Lawyers Guild. Magazine.* Joseph PeTsky, Union of Radical Political Warehouse Militant, S.F. Pat Knight, Pres., Social Service Employees Economists (URPE) .• John F. Weeks, Dept. of Economics, U. of Union (SSEU), * Local 371. James Petras, Prof. of Soc., State U. of N. Y. Wisconsin. Paul Krassner, editor, The Realist.* at Binghamton.• What She Wants. Labor Struggle Caucus, Local 6, United Otto Pikaza, Assoc. Prof. Latin Amer. Stud­ John K. Whitmore, Prof., U. of Michigan. Automobile Workers (UAW).* ies, U. of Ill.• Sidney E. William, Youth Vision Integrity. James T. Lafferty, Atty. Portage County Campaign for a Demo­ Wisconsin Student Association. Kenneth P. Langton, Prof., U. of Michi- cratic Foreign Policy. Women's Coffee House Collectors, Ltd. gan.• Postal Action Committee. Bernard Wiltshire, Desmond Trotter De- Lavender and Red Union, L.A. Adam Przeworski, Assoc. Prof. Pol. Sci., U. fense Committee. League for the Revolutionary Party. of Chicago.• Peter Yarrow. Amy Lee, Dir. American Indian Rights Joanne Fox Przeworski, Chicago Commis­ Howard Zinn. Assn., Kent State U.* sion to Investigate Status of Human Rights Marvin Zonis, Prof., U. of Chicago. Gerald Lefcourt, Atty. in Chile, 1974. * Eddison J.M. Zvobgo, ZANU. John Leggett, Assoc. Prof. of Sociology, Leonard Radinsky, U. of Chicago.• Rutgers U.* Rank and File Coalition, Local 6, UAW.* ASIA Sidney Lens, author. Justin Ravitz, Judge, Recorders Court, De- Revolutionary Workers Party, Sri Lanka. Denise Levertov. troit. Edmund Samarakkody, Revolutionary Ben Levy, Democratic Socialist Organizing Revolutionary Communist League (Inter­ Workers Party, Sri Lanka. Committee.• nationalist). AUSTRALIA Longshore Militant, S.F. Revolutionary Marxist Committee. Australian Meat Industries Employees Richard Lowenthal, Dept. of Soc. and Revolutionary Marxist Organizing Commit- Union. Anthro., Kent State U. • tee. Laurie Brereton, Legislative Assembly, New Froben Lozada, Chicano Studies Faculty, Revolutionary Socialist League. South Wales. Merritt College.* Jack L. Roach, Prof., U. of Connecticut.* A. E. Bull, Sec'y, Waterside Workers, Fed­ Salvador Luria, Nobel Laureate. Janet K. Roach, Instructor, Eastern Con- eration of Australia, Melbourne branch. Florence Luscombe, activist/leader necticut State College.• Hon. Dr. Jim Cairns, House of Representa­ women's suffrage movement. Michael Rogin, Prof. Pol. Science, U. of Cal. tives, Australian Labor Party (ALP). Conrad Lynn, Atty. at Berkeley.• Hon. Dr. Moss Cass, House of Representa­ Staughton Lynd, author. Norm Roth, former Pres., Looal 6, UAW.* tives, ALP. Bradford Lyttle, War Resisters League.• Betsy Rubin, Ann Arbor UFW Support Senator Ruth Coleman, ALP. Madison Women's Union. Committee.* Federated Engine Drivers and Fireman's Aadeddin A. Malley, Organization of Arab Richard Rubinstein, Prof. Pol. Sci., Roose- Association of Australia, Victoria and New Students.• velt U.* South Wales branches. Tanya Mandel. Bobby L. Rush. Senator Arthur Gietzelt, ALP. William Mandel. Richard Sable, Atty. Frank Hardy, novelist. Michael Marcus, Prof. of Ma.th., North­ ,Joel Samoff, Dept. of Pol. Sci., U. of Michi- Bob Hawke, Federal President, ALP, Pres., western u.• gan.• ACTU. Robert Mattoon, Jr. J. Leon Samper, Dept. of Soc., U. of Conn.* Ted Innes, House of Representatives, ALP. Gertrude Mayes, San Quentin Six Defense Maria Samper. Seamen's Union of Australia. Committee. San Quentin Six Defense Committee. Ship Painters and Dockers Union, Victoria. Edward McGehee, English Dept., Kent Fay Schmidt. Socialist Workers Party. State U.• Henry Schmit, Member of Bay Area Pen­ Transport Workers Union of Australia, New Helen McMillan. sioners.* - South Wales branch. John McMillan. Jay Schulman, National Jury Project. Dr. Kim McQuaid, Hist. Dept., Northwest- Union of Postal Clerks and Telegraphists. Charles Schwartz, Prof. of Physics, U. of Waterside Workers Federation of Australia. ern u.• Cal. at Berkeley.• Michael Meeropol. James Scully, Prof., U. of Conn.* CAN.~DA Robert Meeropol. Search for Justice and Equality in Pales­ David F. Aberle, Prof. of Anthropology, u. Memorial Union Labor Organizations tine. of British Columbia. Stewards Council, Madison, Wi. Dennfs Serrette, Coalition of Black Trade African Liberation Week Committee. Luis Mendiola, Chicano advocate, U. of Unionists.• David Archer, President, Ontario Federa- Michigan.• John Sharpe, Sec'y, international Sparta- tion of Labour. M111tant Action Caucus, Communication cist tendency. Black Education Project. Workers of America (CWA), Local 9410.* James J. Sheehan. Trent M. Brady, Prof., York u. M111tant-Solidarity Caucus, National Mari­ Sylvia Sherman, Sec'!, Local 171, AFSCME.* Andrew Brewln, Member of Parliament, time Union.• William M. ShepheTd. Prof. of Economics, New Democratic Party (NDP). Militant Solidarity Caucus, Local 906, U. of Michigan.• Ed Broadbent, MP, Leader, NDP (verbal). UAW.* Carl Shier, International Representative, Brian Campbell, NDP, Vancouver. Kate Millett, author. UA''{V.* Canadian Arab Federation. John Mitchell, International Rep., Amal­ Socialist Party, S. Central Wisconsin local. Canadian Labour Congress. gamated Meatcutters and Butcherworkers.• Roney L. Sorenson, Alderman Dist. 5, Mad- Canadian Union of Public Employees, Local Ian Mueller, Dir. of Grad. Studies in Philo., ison, Wi. 1230. U. of Chicago.• Martin Sostre. Dr. Maria Canive. Mark Naison, Mid-Atlantic Radical His- Spark. Dr. Jose Canive. torians Society.• Stan Steiner, author La Raza. Denis Cassin, National Organizer, Irish National Jury Project. I.F. Stone. Republican Clubs, USA & Canada. National Lawyers Guild, Chicago chapter. Student Government, University of Illi­ Florrie Chacon, Inter-Church Committee National Lawyers Guild, Massachusetts on Chile. chapter. nois*, Circle Campus. Doris E. Strieter, Chicago Committee to Paul Copeland, Law Society of Upper National Lawyers Guild, Yale U.* Save Lives in Chile.• Canada. New American Movement, national office. Wlllie Tate, defendant, San Quentin Six. Sheila Delaney, Prof., Simon Fraser U. New American Movement, U. of Chicago.• Teaching Assistants Association, AFT, Local C. H. DeRoo, Instructor of English, Simon David Newby, State V.P., Wisconsin Fed- Fraser U. eration of Teachers, AFT.• 3220. Walter Teague, Friends of Indochina. Don J. DeVoretz, Dept. of Econ., Simon New York Unemployed Council. Studs Terkel, author. Fraser U. Richard Newhouse, state senator, Illinois. Tom Thompson, editor, Los Angeles Van­ Oduardo Di Santo, Member of Provincial Azinna Nwafor, author. guard.* Parliament, Ontario NDP. • Skip Oberbruner, Steward, Local 171 Dominicans in Support of Progress. AFSCME.* Rip Torn, actor/director. Esteban E. Torres, assistant director, Inter­ Rosie Douglas. OCAW, District Council 8. national Affairs Dept., United Auto Workers.• Jan Dukszta, MPP, Ontario NDP. • Dr. Phllip Oke, UN rep., Christian Peace Group for Defense of Civil Rights in Argen­ Conference.• United Fa.r.mworker Support Committee, Madison, Wi. tina. Organization of Arab Students, Boston Sa.mi. Gupta, Dept. of Communication Stu­ chapter. University of Chicago Student Government. Arturo Vazquez, Latin American Studies dies, Simon Fraser U.* Grace Paley, Sarah Lawrence College.• Dept., U. of Illinois, Circle Campus. Janet Howard, Alderman, 7th Ward, To- Partido Revolucionario Dominica.no. Virgil J. Vogel, Sec'y., Socialist Party of ronto. Susan Paul, American Friends Service Com- Illinois. Jamaica Nationals League. mittee.* George Wald, Nobel Laureate, Prof. of Bi­ Ron Johnson, NDP,• Vancouver. Dean Peerma.n, Christian Century.• ology, Harvard U. Stu Leggatt, MP, NDP* (verbal). EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 Edwin, Levy, Philosophy Dept., U. of Friedrich Prechtl, chairman, Railroad Un­ form into every hand that might be expected Columbia.* ion, Austria. to pull the Democratic lever in November. Ligue des Droits de !'Homme, Montreal. Michele Ray, photographer/ journalist, Po­ Perhaps some cool heads on Capitol Hill Bob McBurney, Shop Steward, Letter Car­ Zitique Hebdo, Paris. will slow things down. The need for postcard riers Union of Canada,* Local 1. Ernie Roberts, assistant gener·al secretary, registration is questionable, to say the least. Leo McGrady, Atty. Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers, Whatever Mr. Carter may think of it, this Norman Penner, Prof. of Pol. Sci., Glendon London. is not "universal voter registration." It is, College, York U. * George Rodgers, MP, British Labour Party. as one opponent put it, "universal postcard Alex Power. Maxime Rodinson, author. distribution." The only way to achieve uni­ Revolutionary Marxist Group. Claude Roy, writer, Paris. versal registration is to declare by law that Charles Roach, Atty. Jean Paul Sartre, Paris. anyone who shows up at the polls can vote. John Rodriguez, MP, NDP.* Catherine Sauvage, singer, Paris. A few states have postcard registration, but H. M. Rosenthal, United Nations Assn.,• Laurent Schwartz, mathematician. surveys have shown that it has not added Vancouver. Syndicat de la Magistrature. significantly to the voter turnout. There is R. B. Scranton, Mine, Mill and Smelter P. Vidal-Naquet. no reason to believe that a federal program Workers' Union.• Daniel Viglietti, singer. would produce any better results. Socialist League. Luis Vitale. The possibility of fraud probably would be Sudbury and District Labour Council. Cristina Whitecross, London. increased under postcard registration. Offi­ Dorothy Thomas, Alderman, Ward 9, To- Richard Whitecross, London. cials could be kept hopping trying to chase ronto. NEAR EAST down registrants using fictitious names or Vancouver Area Council of the NDP. The Committee ~f Arab Students, Jerusa­ borrowing the names of others. Vancouver Chilean Association. lem University. What's wrong with an applicant being re­ Gordon Vichert, Sec'y, Ontario NDP* (veT­ Felicia Langer. quired to show up in person to register to bal). Israel Shahak, Israeli League for Human vote? Anyone who won't make that mini­ William Vidaver, Prof. of Biology, Simon and Civil Rights. , mum effort is hardly a concerned citizen. Fraser U.* Joshua Sobel, writer and journalist. Perhaps the worst feature of this registra­ Micheline Walker, Dept. of Romance Lan­ M. Warschawski, Revolutionary Communist tion-by-mail scheme is federal intrusion into guages, McMaster U. • League (Matzpen-Marxist). state prerogatives. The federal bill would deal EUROPE only with registration for federal elections. Frank Aliaun, MP, British Labour Party.• But states and localities undoubtedly would Alliance Against Fascist Dictatorship in In- A PHONE CALL FROM JIMMY feel pressured to make their registration laws dia, London. conform to the federal program. It could be Louis Althusser, Paris. expected that before long federal bureau­ Argentine Support Movement, London. HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. crats would have taken over registration for Asian Socialist Forum, London. OF NEW YORK all elections, or at least be dictating how it Association Francaise des Juristes Demo­ should be done. crates. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES No one seems to know exactly how much Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, Lon- Tuesday, August 3, 1976 the federal postcard registration plan would don. cost the taxpayers. Estimates range from $30 Ernst Bloch, philosopher. Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, the at­ million to $500 million. The legislation pro­ Claude Bourdet, journalist, Paris. tached editorial from yesterday's Wash­ vides for creation of a National Voter Regis­ Dr. Peter Brandt, Berlin. ington Star is an excellent statement of tration Administration. Given the enormous Pierre Broue, Organisation Commniste In­ the issues in the dramatic call from administrative problems that would arise, ternationaliste (OCI) ,• Grenoble. Plains, Ga., which has the majority in NVRA would soon require several layers of Campaign for the Release of Indian Politi­ our House galvanized to do the candi­ bureaucratic chieftains and Indians. cal Prisoners, London. · Even if the program were necessary and Campaign to Repeal the Immigration Act, dates' bidding. Those concerned about desirable-and we don't think it is-it is not London. the separation of powers should read it: something that can be put into effect Carmen Castlllo, Chilean MIR.• A PHONE CALL FROM JIMMY overnight. The confusion and chaos that Comite International Contre la Repression, What's the big rush on postcard voter would result in trying to ram it into opera­ Paris. registration? tion in time for the November election can Commission of Overseas Students Organi- All of a sudden the House Rules Committee hardly be imagined. zation, U. of Birmingham.* has cleared a registration-by-mail bill that The chairman of the House Republican Pierre Daix. has been lying around for months. Conference, Rep. John Anderson, said the H. Dubedout, mayor of Grenoble. And Frank Thompson Jr., the new head o:f other day that "it's rather presumptuous of Jean-Pierre Faye, writer, Paris. the Administration Committee, which did the Democratic presidential nominee to be Mario Felmer, Chilean Young Socialists,• the original work on the bill, is carrying sending legislative messages to the H111." We London. around a batch of amendments aimed at agree that it's a little premature for Mr. Martin Flannery, MP", British Labour putting the postcard registration plan into Carter to be muscling the House; it will be Party.• .effect for the fall presidential election. time enough after November, if he's elected, J.-A. Gau, deputy. The bill is expected to go to the flqor o:f to send a "universal voter registration" pro­ Prof. Helmut Gollwitzer, Free University,• the House this week. If it wins approval there, posal to the Hill. Ber.Un. no doubt the sponsors will then put on a If Congress does rush the bill through at Daniel Guerin, Paris. strong push to get immediate action in the Mr. Carter's urging, we would suggest that The Gulf Committee, London. Senate. The Senate approved the legislation the present Presiden.t--Mr. Ford-veto it. Paco Ibanez, singer. in 1973 but it has to go through the process Irish Republican Socialist Party, London. again since the House didn't act during that Joint Council for the Welfare of Immi- session of Congress. RETIREMENT SALUTE grants, London. The present flurry of activity apparently Alain Krivine, Ligue Communiste. flows from a telephone call Gov. Jimmy Car­ Revolutionaire (LCR), France. ter made last week to · House Speaker Carl Jean Michel Krivine, Ligue Communiste HON. RAY ROBERTS Albert. The Democratic presidential nominee OF TEXAS Revolutionnaire (LCR). is reported to have said he hoped the bill Pierre Lambert, OCI. could be passed now. Mr. Albert called Rules IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Gerard Lancomme, Grenoble. Committee Chairman Ray Madden and, lo Tuesday, August 3, 1976 Tom Litterick, MP, British Labour Party. and behold, the postcard registration bill Marxist-Leninist Organization of Britain. miraculously came unstuck. Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, I would Prof. Klaus Meschkat, U. of Hannover. It is pretty obvious that Mr. Carter sees like to say a few words concerning the Miners International Federation. retirement of a loyal and dedicated man, A. Minkowski. some benefit to his campaign if postcard Paul Mistral, senator. registration goes into effect before the No­ John McGuiness, on July 30. As you Stan Newens, MP, British Labour Party. vember election. Why else would he be in know, John served in the Office of the such a hurry with the "universal voter regis­ Attending Physician, U.S. Capitol, since Paul Noirot, journalist, Politique Hebdo, tration" that he promised in-his convention Paris. acceptance speech? 1954. I am sure I speak for all my col­ North London Committee Against Repres­ If the Postal Service, which already has leagues in the House of Representatives sion in Spain. enough problems getting the regular mail in saying that he will be missed. John Alexandre Oliveira, Gazeta de Semana, delivered, couldn't inundate the nation with enjoys an outstanding reputation as a Lisbon. postcards, the labor unions backing Mr. Car­ man of great charm and ability. Parti Socialiste Unifie (PSU). ter undoubtedly would send their troops into As a fellow "Navy man, I am proud Jiri Pelikan, editor, Listy. the breech, putting a postcard registration to say that he has been an outstanding August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25387 representative of the naval service and do the things that need to be done here and say, "Members tell me, 'By God, if we didn't has served the Navy and the U.S. Con­ expect to have people fall all over you with have you we'd have to invent you'." love and kisses," he added. But he is not without his friends in Con­ gress well and in the highest of naval The things Bauman thinks need to be done gress, even among liberals. Phillip Burton, tradition. Again, I know I echo the senti­ involve mostly keeping watch on the Demo­ chairman of the Democratic Caucus and a ments of all my colleagues in wishing cratic majority, a bunch that Bauman rarely candidate to take O'Neill's job next Congress, him a most enjoyable retirement. sees eye-to-eye with on congressional matters. said he likes Bauman. "I admire and respect A founder and former national leader of a well-informed, hardworking colleague who both the Young Americans for Freedom and does not necessarily share all my opinions." EASTERN SHORE'S BAUMAN: BURR the American Conservative Union, Bauman Rep. Paul N. Mccloskey, noting that he and UNDER THE CONGRESSIONAL holds strongly conservative views. Bauman are at opposite ends of the Repub­ SADDLE While he smilingly mentions his hope that lican spectrum, said, "I respect him a great he will see a "conservative millenium" one deal ... He raises points that would not day, he knows there is little chance that be raised except for a member with his some­ HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT House legislation is going to become -m.ore what brash approach." OF MARYLAND reflective of his views in the near future. Even O'Neill conceded Bauman is "a very He does not, in fact, concentrate a great able and talented fellow . . . He serves a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deal on initiating legislation, having intro­ purpose for those who agree with his philos­ Tuesday, August 3, 1976 duced only 15 measures in this Congress and ophy." seeing only one enacted. His lack of seniority, Bauman would disagree that he fights only Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, yesterday's his minority party affiliation and conservative for his own conservative viewpoints, noting Washington Star had an interesting bent do not augur well for his making a mark that he raises objections which others, Dem­ article by Rebecca Leet on my good legislatively. ocrats and Republicans, would rather not friend and colleague, Bob Bauman, who But in his H. R . Gross role he is having an raise. - represents the First District of Mary­ impact probably far beyond any other House "They come up and ask me to play the bas­ member who has warmed the chamber's tard," Bauman said. For example, he ex­ land so ably. I am very proud of the plained, a colleague may not want a commit­ job that Congressman BAUMAN is doing chairs for only three years. Often House power brokers-committee tee report filed but doesn't want to object to for our Nation and I would like to share chairmen and the leadership-come by to it himself for fear of alienating the chair­ this article with all of you: brief him on a bill they want to move quickly man. EASTERN SHORE'S BAUMAN: BURR UNDER through the House before they bring it up "The people who get angry when you do CONGRESSIONAL SADDLE on the fioor. something are the same people who two days It is not a task the veterans enjoy. But they before were asking you to do something to (By Rebecca Leet) ' somebody else," Bauman said. In mid-July the House Democratic leader­ know they can either notify him in advance ship, stirred by the increasingly poor public or have him rise from his favorite chair at image of Congress as word of Rep. Wayne the minority table, swing the mike in front Hays' sexual behavior got around the coun­ of himself and begin questioning what is go­ try, came up with a list of reforms in con­ ing on, or why it is, or what it will cost. PERSONAL EXPLANATION gressional spending. Bauman's self-appointed role requires Several Democrats were unsure exactly something almost no other member is willing what the impact of .the changes would be. to do: Be on the fioor all day every day while HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN. Many Republicans downright disagreed the House is conducting business. His at­ OF FLORIDA tendance record for the first two years in that the measures would, in fact, constitute IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES re'!orm. Congress was 100 percent. It fell to 99 percent Amid all the public and private dissenters, last year. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 Three other Republican conservatives­ however, it fell to a Republican congress­ Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, due to un­ man with only three years in the House to Reps. John Ashbrook of Ohio, John Rousselot momentarily block the reform steamroller of California and Steven Symms of Idaho­ foreseen circumstances in my district this and force some explanation that otherwise sometimes share the watchdog role and fill pa,st weekend, I was unable to return to in for Bauman when he is not there. They would not have taken place. Washington until this morning. There­ were all considered likely prospects to take fore, I was not present for yesterday's He was Republican Rep. Robert E. Bauman over from Gross, but Bauman was the one of Maryland's Eastern Shore, and the Da.vid­ who evolved as the main watchdog. vote in the House. Had I been present, I and-Goliath stance was nothing new to him. "Others do not have the stomach for the would have voted as follows on the mo­ Ever since H. R. Gross, the Iowa Republican tedium," he explains. tions to pass various bills under suspen­ who for a quarter-century was the bane of Many others, also, don't know the House sion of the rules : congressional boondogglers, retired in 1974 rules inside and out the way Bauman does. On rollcall No. 581, Civil Service An­ Bauman has been coming to grips headon Before returning to Easton to take up a law with House power brokers to whom many a nuities for Judges, including the elimi­ practice in 1968, Bauman had worked on nation of the 1-percent add-on for civil fresh-faced congressman barely dares say Capitol Hill for 15 straight years, beginning hello. as a page and ending as head of the Repub­ service annuity cost-of-living increases, He took on the Republican and Democratic lican cloakroom staff. I was paired against and would have leadership on the issue of sending 25 mem­ In the latter job almost five years, it was voted "nay." bers and their wives to London to pick up his responsibility to know at all times what On rollcall No. 582, Boundary Waters the Magna Carta. Ba.um.an lost the ba-ttle was happening on the fioor and to anticipate Canoe Area, Minnesota, I would have but brought public attention to the cost. what might happen next. He alienated many of his colleagues by voted "yea." It was invaluable training for the native On rollcall No. 583, Freestone Peach forcing a recorded vote on the measure that of Bryn Mawr, Pa., who decided after reading increased congressional salaries. Abraham Lincoln's World when he was '7 Research and Education Act, I would He's a watchdog who cares more for proper years old that he wanted to be a congress­ have voted "nay." procedure and clarity of legislative intent man. On rollcall No. 584, the John F. Ken­ than he does for hurrying away at the end The nattily dressed, somewhat pudgy nedy Center Act Amendments, I would of a late night or just before a recess--even Bauman ts one of those persons who com­ have voted "yea." though he has a 90-minute ride to his home mands more respect than aft'ection. On rollcall No. 585, the Antitrust Civil in Easton, Md. Bauman says he never takes his battles oft' As a result, when you mention his name to Process Act Amendments, I would have the House floor, but some who have locked voted "yea." a cross-section of members of Congress and horns with him over the last couple of years their aides, some of the replies you get can't are not so generous in leaving their personal On rollcall No. 586, the Antitrust Pre­ be printed in a family newspaper. feelings at the chamber door. merger Notification Act, I would have House Minority Leader John J. Rhodes, who "The thing about H. R. (Gross) was that voted "yea." praises Bauman's effectiveness as the "minor­ he could rub you the wrong way on the floor On rollcall No. 587, the Reduction in ity objector," facetiously calls him "the but then he'd go behind the chairs and rub Beer Tax for Small Brewers, I would 'bleep' of the House." Majority Leader Tip you the right way," said one longtime House O'Neill curtly says, "It ts hard for me to say have voted "no." member. On rollcall No. 588, the Veterans' Ad­ anything nice about Bob Bauman." In some instances, Bauman can be his own All of which bothers the 39-year-old legLs­ worst enemy. He ls articulate and can be ministration Physicians and Dentists lator not at all. He notes that Gross was only witty but tends to turn the humor into sar­ Pay Extension, I would have voted "yea." warmly spoken of when he was about to casm or a biting aside. And he ls hardly On rollcall No. 589, the National En­ retire. demure. He is the type of person who, with­ ergy Extension Service Act, I would have "Everybody likes to be loved, but you can't out fidgeting or smiling uncomfortably, can voted "yea." CXXII--1601-Part 20 25388 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 IUE SUPPORTS DINGELL-BROYHILL VOTING RECORD fund to help small farmers meet federal wa­ Turkey, passed 237-176, not voting; 10-2- maintaining the add-on. Human sensi­ 75. ACT AMENDMENTS tivity and fair treatment demand it. Final passage, a bill to authorize $23 mil­ H.R. 6461-AUTHORIZATION OF FUNDS FOR lion to finance the operations of the Arms PUBLIC BROADCASTING CORPORATION Control and Disarmament Agency for two Final passage, a bill to authorize $634 mil­ EDUCATIONAL VOLUNTEER TUTOR­ years (FY 1976 and FY 1977) and to make lion in long range funding for FY 1976-80 various changes in the law establishing the for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, ING SYSTEM agency, including a requirement for agency passed 336-26, yea; 11-10-75. participation in government assessments and Conference report adopted 313-72, yea; 12- HON. BOB WILSON analyses of the impact of proposed defense 17-75. . programs on arms control policy, passed ·382- OF CALIFORNIA 28, yea; 7-9-75. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H.R. 7782-ARTS AND ARTIFACTS INDEMNITY CIVIL SERVICE PENSIONS Tuesday, August 3, 1976 ACT Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, one Motion to suspend the rules and pass the HON. HAROLD E. FORD bill to allow the federal government to in­ of the major problems in our country sure foreign art and human endeavors ex­ OF TENNESSEE today, of course, concerns unemploy­ hibits while on display in the United States, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment, and a large factor in the unem­ agreed to 253-116, nay; 12-1-75. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 ployability of some of our citizens is their H. RES. 864-RESOLUTION TO EXPRESS THE SENSE lack of education. OF THE HOUSE ON THE ILLEGAL SEIZURE OF Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, The Equal Employment Opportunity BALTIC NATIONS I am pleased to note that on Monday, Office of the Naval Electronics Labora­ Motion to suspend the rules and pass the the House, acting under the suspension tory in San Diego, under the auspices of resolution to reaffirm the sense of the Con­ of the rules, declined to pass the amended the 11th Naval District has instituted a gress· that the U.S. continue its policy of version of H.R. 12882, a bill "to discon­ unique self-help program to try to help nonrecognition of the annexation by the tinue civil service annuity payments for reduce· the number of school dropouts. Soviet Union of the Baltic Nations: Latvia, periods of employment as a justice or Estonia, and Lithuania, agreed to 407-0, yea; Under the direction of Dr. T. 0. Bartley, 12-2-75. judge of the United States, and for other the Community Educational Volunteer purposes." Mr. Henderson's amendment H.R. 10624-MUNICIPAL BANKRUPTCY ACT Service Tutoring Program and Deputy to H.R. 12882 adopted the language of EEO Officer of the installation, and very (REVISE CHAPTER IX) H.R. 14520, a bill that would discontinue Amendment to revise municipal bankrupt­ capably assisted by Ms. Madelaine Koh­ cy proceedings for cities of over 1 million the 1 % add-on to the cost-of-living ler, the Deputy Coordinating Director, in population, rejected 145--264, aye. raises of retired civil service employees. Community Educational Volunteer Serv­ Final passage, a bill to enable a municipali­ I would like to voice my unconditional ice Tutoring Program, students who are ty to file a petition of bankruptcy without opposition to any legislation that would failing or who are deemed by their par­ the approval of its creditors and to continue diminish the cost-of-living increase that ents, teachers, or peers to be on a certain limited borrowing while it develops a debt former civil service workers receive. The dropout course are matched with a volun­ adjustment plan with a court, passed 373- elimination of _the add-on would have 29, yea; 12-9-75. teer tutor to help them over the rough this effect. spots. , H.R. 7656-BEEF RESEARCH AND INFORMATION In reviewing the remarks of my col­ In the volunteer tutoring program, ACT leagues who rose in opposition to H.R. volunteers are sought from military and Final passage, a bill to enable cattle pro­ 12882, as amended, I noticed that many ducers to establish, finance and carry out civilian establishments; they are placed a coordinated program of beef research, dis­ objections were procedural, rather than in schools with failing students; they semination of producer and consumer infor­ substantive, in nature. I agree that it tutor such students, and they provide mation and promotion to improve and de­ would have been unwise for the House to motivation and knowledge to encourage velop markets for cattle, beef, and beef pass the legislation before the full Post the student to :finish school. Faltering products, passed 229-189, yea; 10-2-75. Office and Civil Service Committee has students are turned around, grades are Motion to recommit to the conference had the opportunity to complete its pro­ improved, and some dropouts that would comlllittee the conference report on the bill ceedings regarding the provision that to authorize cattle producers, under Agri­ otherwise occur, do not. culture Department supervision, to create would eliminate the add-on. The limited The obvious benefit to the student is and finance through self-assessments a pro­ opportunity for debate, imposed by the the instruction which the tutor provides. motion and research program to improve suspension of rules, is another factor Perhaps more important than this, how­ markets for beef, agreed to 263-112, yea; which made House consideration of H.R. ever, is the example the tutor provides of 12-15--75. 12882 of questionable merit on Monday. a person successful in today's world, who H.R. 5158-EX GRATIA PAYMENT TO BIKINI ATOLL, Nonetheless, my opposition to elimina­ has faith in the student's potential and PACIFIC ISLANDS tion of the 1-percent add-on would not ability to succeed in that world. Those Motion to suspend the rules and pass bill have been mitigated even if procedural tutors who have given of their experience to authorize a $3 million payment to former circumstances had been more favorable. and knowledge, of their energy, and of inhabitants and descendants of Bikini Atoll Advocates of legislation that would dis­ their free time and devotion, report al­ for use of area for atomic weapons tests by continue the add-on claim that :fiscal re­ most without exception that the experi­ the U.S. Government in 1946, agreed to 346- sponsibility requires revision of the 10, nay; 5-5-75_. ence for them is a rewarding one. They manner by which cost-of-living raises are feel useful, important, gratified, and ful­ S. 2230-APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORIZATION FOR to be computed. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING BOARD FOR filled. Mr. Speaker, I would match my com­ Dr. Bartley and his team, consisting FY 1976 mitment to :fiscal responsibility with that Amendment to permit delivery of arms of himself, Ms. Kohler, Commander D. D. contracted for by Turkey before Feb. 5, 1975, of any other Member of Congress. Com­ Rainville, the Chief Staff Officer of the provided the President certify significant mitment to :fiscal responsibility neces­ Electronics Laboratory, and Mr. R. W. progress has been made on the refugee prob­ sitates a corresponding ordering of na­ Sarvis, the Laboratory's Associate Tech­ lem on Cyprus, ll'ejected 187-229, not voting; tional priorities in such a way as to in­ nical Director described the Volunteer Amendment to give Congress 60 days after sure that the funds that are appropri­ Tutoring Program to a number of inter­ the President ll'eported to Congress on the ated go to those who have the greatest ested parties this morning and will hold Cyprus situa-tton, as required by the bill, to need. To many retired Civil Service em- another briefing tomorrow, August 4 in 25390 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 ignored as an historical artifact during the war, in 1780 a.nd 1781. In 1782, the British room 2212 Rayburn Building. The brief­ celebraition o! the Bicentennial of the Revo- commandants Ha.ldimand a.nd de Peyster in­ ing will start at 9: 30 a.m. and will run ' lution, curators from London to Chicago re­ sisted on the necessity of "removing the for about half an hour. The panel will gard it as uniquely accumte for 1.ts day and settlers at Chica.go" but nothing could be then be available for a question and as a tremendous step forward is cartography. effected. The infiuence of the Ottawa. Chief period Copies may be seen in the National Archives Pontiac seemed evident. Fifteen yea.rs earlier answer for an additional 45 min- Pontiac's alliance of Red, Black and White ute!. upon which ls noted the official governmen­ tal business of the Revolutionary period. His­ men had almost driven the British from I wholeheartedly endorse this program America, fa.111ng only when Pontiac could Of torians have also suggested that had Hut­ and urge as many my colleagues as chins' map been used in the treaty negotia­ not take Detroit. The British were prevented can make it to attend. A13 Dr. Bartley tions of 1783, errors in setting the boundaries from regaining control of what is the pres­ said: and the ramifications of those errors might ent state o! Illinois. Quaife points out that You a.re all so used to having problems have been avoided as well as the negotia­ in 1787, although the United States had been brought to your attention that it should be tions of almost a. century that were required given title to the west in the terms of the a welcome relief to have a solution for a to make necessary adjustments. Hutchins, Treaty of Paris that ended the war in 1783, change, and our program is a solution. the Indians to the east continued assaults on who had previously ·served as a British offi­ the Americans preventing them from enter­ cer, was to become an American. Hutchins ing and occupying the western country. It Dr. Bartley is right. It is indeed re­ performed the important duty of running freshing to be shown a program that has been pointed out that the winning of the the first meridians upon which the grid sys­ Indian factor was considered necessary for works. tem of land survey in this country depended the control of the west, and the United and is generally given credit for devising the States could not win it. During this critical land plait; system of international use. He dic­ period the Ordinance of 1787 was enacted HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE tated his own 1title of "Geographer of the that provided for the governing of the west­ United States of America.". Hutchins claimed ern territory. This Ordinance embodied all to have visited all the forts of the Greait; the liberation promises of the Declaration of HON. RALPH H. METCALFE Lakes in 1762. In 1765, he entered southern Independence and the American Revolution Illinois with the invading British army, serv­ without regard to race or color. Quaife has OF ILLINOIS ing as an engineer and topographer. At that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pointed out that this Ordinance became the time he ma.de many reconnoitering tours of very cornerstone of the preservation o! our Tuesday, August 3, 1976 the Illinois country and sounded Lake Mich­ freedoms. igan. In 1790 and 1791, two American armies Mr. METCALFE. Mr. Speaker, I call to The "Indian Village" of Hutchins' map is under General Harmar and General St. Clair, my colleagues' attention a statement re­ without question the Pwtawa.tomi settlement respectively, met disaster in what is now the cently made by Mrs. Virginia Wilson to which the American Rebel Comma.nda.Illt state of Ohio, under assault from the Indians Julien, Chairman of Research, Chicago George Rogers Clark of Virginia. wrote in 1 779 a.111ed with the British. In 1972, a third Amer­ Jean Baptiste Pointe DuSable League: seeking the cooperation of the inhabitants ican General, Anthony Wayne moved into of his projected drive against the British Ohio and began to train a. new force. In De­ REVISING THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN stronghold at Detroit after he had wrested REVOLUTION IN THE WEST-1778-1796 cember 1793, he complained bitter against control of the southern Illinois settlements what he called the "lnslduous" actions of (By Virginia Wilson Julien, chairman of Re­ and Vincennes on the Wabash river. Captain Alexander McKee who had devastated search; consultant, Lillian O'Neil, Chicago The "Fort at the Entrance" is also with­ the Americans in the west and Lt. Governor Jean Baptiste Pointe Dusable League) out question the stockaded settlement o! John H. Simcoe of upper Canada. In February In this year of the bicentennial of the Point Sable--such "!orted" settlements o! 1794 Lord Dorchester, Governor of Canada., .AJID.erlcan Revolution, we feel that it ls vital the frontier were commonly called forts­ exhorted the Indians to continue their ag­ to the future of the United States as a par­ a.t the entrance to the Chica.go river at Lake gres.sions against the Americans, adding that ticipatory democracy that the history of this Michigan. It is shown thus by Captain John he expected Britain to resume official warfare country be re-written from the historical Whistler on his blueprint of Fort Dearborn against the Americans. In April 1794, Simcoe record regarding the involvement of citizens which he built fO!L' the United States in 1803 stated that McKee agreed with him that a. of all races in the development of this coun­ on the south side of the river, just across post at Chicago would be more in the English try beginning at the American Revolution from the founding settlement on the north. interest than Mackinac at the head of Lake and the founding of this nation. Milo M. Quaife, the noted Chicago historian, MLchiga.n. He charged that the people at we find that facts concerning the history has also identified the settlement as shown Chicago "refugees from Detroit, and a Black of the American Revolution in the west, al­ on the blueprint as Point Sables and that Chief who have constantly been in the pay though strongly supported by extant primary Jean Baptiste and his settlement as the only of the United States, and by every possible sources and other documents, as set forth in non-Lndia.n documentation at Chica.go dur­ means have ende,avoured to alienate the In­ this document, have been ignored in the ing the entire eighteenth century. Quaife has dians from the British interest." Simcoe be­ celebration of the Bicentennial by the of­ also indicated that he put Chica.go on the gan to predict victory for the Americans. ficial American Revolution Bicentennial map and opened up the mid-west to traffic Joseph Brant, the famed Mohawk Chief who Commissions. through Chicago. The settlement ls further together with McKee had devastated the Chica.go was on the map officially, perma­ identified as Point Sables by the extant copy Americans in the west and prevented Clark's nently and a.s a setltlement for the first time of the bill of sale and inventory o! his hold­ final attempt against Detroit, stated that the in 1778, and the historical record indicates ings at Chica.go in 1800, recocded a.t Wayne Mackinac tribes and all the northwestern that from that time throughout the entire County in September of that year, which is Indians were leaving and going home. By era of the American Revolution until 1796, presently at Chicago at the Cook County August 1974 Wayne with a. !orce quoted at Chicago played a strategic political role, de­ Recorder's Office. There is little doubt that 3,500, was easily able to force the retreat of cisive to the outcome of the Revolution, and the settlement of Point Sables ls also the the Indians said to number 800 at the Battle that the black founder there, Jean Baptiste "American Rebel fort built at Chica.go by of Fallen Timbers. The Indians fell ba.ck to Point du Sable played a part during this en­ American sympathisers" as noted by his­ the fort Simcoe had built on "American" tire period that was a matter of grave con­ torian George Brennan. Although the early territory to stop the advance of the Amer­ cern to the British. A modern historian, settlements at Detroit and at St. Louis were icans where they found the gates of the fort Robert R. Palmer has pointed out that the held by foreign powers, Chicago was held slammed shut against them. In August 1795, charge against Chicago as a center of agita­ free o! foreign encroachment by Red a.nd Wayne obtained the signatures of the im­ tion against England, with particular refer­ Black men until the Americans marched in portant chiefs on the Treaty of Greenville ence to the "Black Chief" there-as Point to build Fort Dearborn three years after which ceded a large part of Ohio, other small Sable at Chicago was known-was ma.de by Point Sable's removal from Chica.go. sections on the portages, and six square miles the Canadian British officials in 1794 and The historical record contains many ref­ at sites of the forts including in what ap­ that it must be the first mention of political erences to the pro-American Rebel activity pears an illegal cession-Chicago, where ac­ activity in Chicago. of the French, Black and Red men in north­ cording to Quaife, neither French nor British The great map of Thomas Hutchins, "A ern Illinois relative to Clark's projected ever took a garrison or a. fort. The following New Map of the western Parts of Virginia, march against Detroit from the time Point summer a. contingent led by Baptiste Point­ Pennsylvania, Maryland and North Caro­ Sable wa.s seized by the British holding a sa.ble from "St. Josephs and Chicka.go" ac­ lina; Comprehending the River Ohio and all cache of provisions recognized as intended cording to Peter Audrain, Wayne's Quarter­ the Rivers which fall into it; Part of the Riv­ for the Americans in 1779 until the charge master, confronted Wayne at GreenvUle over er Mississippi, the Whole of the Illinois Riv­ by the British that he was active. in the the cession at Chica.go. Wayne reported that er, Lake Eries, Par·t of the Lakes Huron, alienation of the Indians to the British in­ the issue was resolved satisfactorily and he Michigan and all of the Country border­ terests and in the pay of the United States proceeded to Detroit where the American ing on these Lakes and Rivers," published in government in 1794. The historical record occupancy of the great lakes forts held by London, England in 1778, shows Chica.go at also indicates that the pro-American Rebel the British was thus begun. He says that the that time6: "Cblkago, Indian VU1age a.nd activity on the part of the northern men es­ summer of 1796 may be regarded as marking Fort at ithe Entrance." Although this map ls calated throughout the remainder of the the close of the Revolution in the Northwest. August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25391

Thus was the west won, the country stabi­ RA TE DOUBLES IN NEW JERSEY have enough data on the bankrupt students lized and set on the road to becoming a rich This year, bankruptcies as a percentage to venture even prellminary assessments. world power through the efforts, in great part, of defaults are about equal on both the According to its statistics, students ft.ling of the Red, White, and Black men of the west­ state and federally insured loans. bankruptcy do not differ from the total pop­ ern frontier who have been disregarded and By contrast, U.S. District Court records ulation of student borrowers. forgotten in our celebration of the Bicen­ indicate that bankruptcies in other parts of "But we get a sense of what kind of stu­ tennial of the American Revolution, the society wm probably decrease in 1976 by dent we're talking about from phone con­ founding of America. 2.7 per cent. versations," says Ms. Wennerdahl. "It's the The Pennsylvania Higher Education As­ recent law-school graduate who holds us up sistance Agency-one of 26 state agencies against the wall and says, 'Make a compro­ STUDENTS AND BANKRUPTCIES that insure education loans-reports that the mise on my payments, or I'll declare bank­ number of bankruptcies in its state went ruptcy and you won't be able to get a from 113 in 1974 to 391 in 1975-an increase penny.'" HON. JOHN N.ERLENBORN of 350 per cent in one year. Some student-loan agents say many stu­ OF ILLINOIS "A decided upward trend" is reported by dents appear to be considering bankruptcy at the time they arrange their borrowing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the New Jersey Department of Education. "Student bankruptcies doubled last year BANKRUPT WITH $11,000 Tuesday, August 3, 1976 and again this year," says William Nester of The case of Whitney G. Wilkes is appar­ Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, with­ the Office of Student Assistance. ently not unusual. Similar trends are being reported in other A New York Department of Education em­ in the next few weeks, we will be con­ states. New York's student bankruptcy rate sidering legislation (H.R. 14070) to con­ ployee, Mr. Wilkes, now earning a salary of doubled in fiscal year 1976, Maryland's in­ $11,000 a year, was awarded the right to de­ tinue the guaranteed student loan pro­ creased by 250 per cent and IlUnois's by 180 clare bankruptcy. He filed five months before gram. Included in that bill are several per cent in 1975-76. his first repayment installment was due on a measures to curb default of these loans FURTHER INCREASE FEARED $6,900 student Joan. An appeal by the state and one which restricts the circum­ Congress is expected to grappl• with the is pending. stances under which repayment of these bankruptcy problem later this summer when "Certainly the really poor student never student loans can be discharged through it rewrites omnibus higher educa.tion legis­ declares bankruptcy,'' declares Ms. Wenner­ bankruptcy. lation for most federal education programs dahl. The cost of bankruptcy is higher, she whose authorizations expired last month. points out, often amounting to hundreds or Without the GSLP, college would have Although the actual number of students even thousands of dollar&. in court costs and been beyond the reach for millions of our who filed bankruptcy is stm small-national­ lawyers' fees. young people. Because of the GSLP, the ly, less than one-half of one per cent of au "The concept of equal access under the law potential for each of these borrowers is student borrowers-experts fear that the up­ to bankruptcy is a joke,'' she says. enhanced. More than 9 million loans, ward trend will continue. In some parts of the country, student-loan valued at $9.5 billion, have been made at The reasons for the rise in student bank­ officials maintain that bankruptcies in their a comparatively small cost to the rest of ruptcies are not entirely clear. But college states are not increasing. They often attrib­ students are apparently better informed than ute their states' low bankruptcy rates to the us over the 10-year life of this program. other persons about their legal right to moral fiber of the local people. Almost all of these student borrowers bankruptcy and less worried about the social J. William Keifer, of the Office of Educa­ have every intention of repaying their stigmas or the financial repercussions that tion's regional branch in Kansas City, whose loans. A few, perhaps 25,000 to 35,000 might result. territory includes Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, have found or will find themselves in "Every time an article appears in a news­ and Missouri, says that "our people just don't financial difficulties which prevent their paper, we get a rash of potential bankrupt­ avail themselves of bankruptcies as much as honoring these commitments. Many cies," observes Carol Wennerdahl, director they do in the more liberal parts of the of the guaranteed-loan program at the nu­ country." thousands of others have discovered ways nois State Scholarship Commission. Robert Brown, of the State Department of to take advantage of our bankruptcy "Bankruptcy is available. Social penal­ Education and Cultural Services in Maine, laws. ties are much less. And it is known or be­ •says it may sound like flag waving, "but peo­ Although those who abuse this route lieved in some student undergrounds that ple in Maine don't believe in that kind of be­ are fe.w in number now, we cannot per credit ratings wm actually be better, be­ havior. Maine students and their parents are mit their numbers to grow. That would cause once you have declared bankruptcy a pretty nice set of people. It may be their not be fair to the taxpayers, nor to those you cannot file again for six years." Yankee-Puritan upbringing.'' who struggle to repay their loans. Most Although not all educators agree, some California was plagued with high rates of experts argue that the poor state of the bankruptcy in the early '70's. In the past assuredly, failure to act would jeopardize economy is contributing to the number of year, however, an administrative restructur­ the continuation of the program, and bankruptcies. ing and a tightening of its loan collections thus the education of millions of future Eileen Dickinson, president of New York has led to a drop in student bankruptcy rates, students. State Higher Education Services, says the says Charles Hampton, a regional official of The "Chronicle of Higher Education'' drastic economic situation in that state the Office of Education. on July 19, 1976 told of this spreading during the last year has caused otherwise "We filed suit locally in the courts against problem. I urge our colleagues to read conscientious students to file for bank­ students who had declared bankruptcy and ruptcy. who, we thought, were blatantly trying to this article: "Not all the students involved are bright avoid payments. With 400 cases, we had 90 MANY STUDENT BORROWERS DECLARING BANK­ kids trying to avoid their financial obliga­ per cent positive results." RUPTCY-NUMBER HAS RISEN 300 PERCENT tions,'' she says. "That kind of information through the IN SOME STATES; CONGRESS TO WEIGH RE­ COLLECTIONS IMPROVING local press, along with requests that certain STRICTIONS university newspapers stop running adver­ (By Anne c. Roark) Increasing sophistication in collecting on tisements, counseling students in bank­ defaulted loans ls also driving some students ruptcy, has helped," says Mr. Hampton. College graduates in growing numbers are into bankruptcy court, says Kenneth declaring ·bankruptcy to avoid repaying their Reeher, executive director of Pennsyl­ QUESTIONS FOR CONGRESS student loans. vania's state loan agency. He predicts that Whether applying those and similar ad­ In some states, such bankruptcies have as more states improve their collection pro­ ministrative changes throughout the country risen this year by as much as 300 per cent. would cut the bankruptcies on student loans The increase is particularly startling be­ grams, the number of bankruptcies will go up. or whether changes must be made in the cause bankruptcies in other sectors of society bankruptcy laws themselves is a matter that have decreased. Four states with particularly high bank­ ruptcy rates-Illinois, New Jersey, New York, must be settled by Congress when the bills In the federal government's 1975 fiscal re-authorizing education programs are year, 4.6 per cent of the defaults on gov­ and Pe.nnsylva.n1a-are among the "most sophisticated in the collection area," ob­ brought before the full houses later this ernment-insured student loans were due to sum.mer. bankruptcies. After 11 months of the 1976 serves Ms. Wennerdahl. "As we push students for payments, they In the view of most financial-aid experts, fiscal year, the figure had increased to 6 per administrative changes alone would be in­ cent. tell us to get off their backs or they'll de­ clare bankruptcy," she says. sufficient. Such changes, they say, would not Under the insured-loan program, private close a fundamental loophole: Because lenders make funds available to students at Demographic data. on who declares bank­ stu­ low interest rates in return !or a 100-per-cent ruptcy ls not yet available, although ma~y dents do not put up security when they get guarantee from the federal government that financial-aid experts clearly sense that he a loan, they stand to lose little from bank­ the money wlll be repaid. In 26 states, state or she is likely to be a better-informed, lib­ ruptcy. agencies insure the loans, and Washington eral, and wealthier student than the norm. Student loans, the a.id .oftl.cia.ls contend, are reinsures them. Illinois is one of the few state agencies that a special class of indebtedness. 25392 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 "A student loan is the only kind of loan reach voter registration otr.ces. Yet this what he meant when he wanted to. So, life available where the conditions for bank­ is precisely what the complex registra­ and liberty are plain enough to everybody, ruptcy exist at the time it is made,'' says but Jefferson never did say what he meant Pennsylvania's Mr. Reeher. tion procedures have served for so long by the pursuit of happiness. For that reason, many aid officers support to do. If we are to have a truly demo- · If we have liberty, how each of us pursues a change now written in to both the House cratic political system, a participatory happiness is up to us. However you define and Senate versions of the new blll. democracy in fact and not just in name, it, the United States of America has been The change would restrict former students then we must pass H.R. 11552. I urge my a happy nation over the past 200 years. No­ from taking student loans into bankruptcy colleagues to support this important piece body is happy all the time, but most of the for the first five years after leaving school. of legislation. people have been happy most of the time. The proposed five-year res·triction would not, Even in our darkest hours, we have managed according to its supporters, take away the a little fun. student's right to declare bankruptcy on I knew what happiness was when I was other property. THE OBSERVANCE OF OUR 200TH · a boy. It was the Fourth of July. For weeks O'HARA OPPOSES LIMIT BffiTHDAY we would save up our pennies, nickels, and James G. O'Hara, the Michigan Democrat dimes, and then at the last moment Dad who chairs the House Subcommittee on Post­ HON. JOHN J. RHODES would come through with a couple of bucks secondary Education, argues, however, that a. for skyrockets. OF ARIZONA Then, of course, there would be the big flag change in the law would discriminwte against IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to hang out on the front porch and the ice students and give "spe-Oial advantage" to pro­ cream freezer to turn and the first big spoon­ tect the lender whose loans are already in­ Tuesday, August 3, 1976 sured. Mr. O'Hara has said he will oppose the ful that gave you a headache. Then there Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, one of the were parades and bands and those long five-year limitation. speeches-this won't be one. (Laughter) "We simply do not have enough research highlights of the observance of our 200th There would be a picnic and softball games, on whether the behavior of these students is birthday was the Honor America pro­ the endless wait until it got dark enough any different than the rest of the popula­ gram at the Kennedy Center. President for the roman candles, sparklers for the little tion," argues a. staff member of Mr. O'Hara's Ford gave a short address, in which he ones, who really liked the lightning bugs bet­ subcommittee. "Before we pass sentence on touched upon the lightness of spirit ter. When it was all over, you went to bed these kids, we should know something about happy because you knew it would happen them." wbich has characterized America throughout our history, and helped us all over again the n~xt Fourth of July. otherl'J argue that constitutional rights Here we are on the eve of our 200th, the should not be determine·..: by the costs of bear the burdens of adversity. He noted greatest Fourth of July any of us will ever bankruptcies. that the pursuit of happiness was one see. We are happy people because we are "If bankruptcy is a right and a privilege, of our most cherished rights, protected a free people, and while we have our faults we shouldn't argue the matter on statistics," by the Constitution. I believe this lively and our failures, tonight is not the time to maintains Ms. Wennerdahl. message sums up the role of the arts in parade them. Rather, let's look to the third our historical perspective, and recom­ century as the century in which freedom mend that my colleagues take time to finds fulfillment in even greater creativity NEED FOR POSTCARD VOTER read this entertaining talk by the Presi­ and individuality. REGISTRATION Tonight, we salute the pursuit of happi­ dent. Text of Mr. Ford's remarks are ness as we listen to our exciting past in as follows: songs and in stories. Two hundred years ago HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT AT. THE HONOR today John Adams wrote his wonderful wife, OF NEW YORK AMERICA PROGRAM Abigail, that he expected the glorious an­ niversary of independence to be observed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thank you very much, Bill Marriott. May I express my appreciation and the gratitude down through the ages with shows, games, Tuesday, August 3, 1976 of the American people for the wonderful sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illumina­ job thwt you and your associates with the tion from one end of this continent to the Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, this week' Honor America Committee have done for the other. the House will consider H.R. 11552, the last few years. So, break out the flags, strike up the Voter Registration Act. Under the provi­ We are most appreciative of a wonder­ band, light up the skies, let the whole wtde sions of this bill a Voter Registration ful job and such a tremendous effort, and world know that the United States of Amer­ Administration will be created with the let me say on behalf of all of us, thank you ica is about to have another happy birthday, purpose of putting into effect a system very much. going strong at 200, and in the words of the There are times for solemn ceremony and immortal Al Jolson, "You ain't seen nothing of voter registration by post card. yet." Voting rates in Presidential elections there will be many reverent thanksgivings all over America this week and next. But, Thank you very much. have been continually declining since we Americans are uncomfol'table with too Now, Betty and I will return to our seats 1960. In that year 64 percent of the much solemnity. We like to make a joyful to join you in the enjoyment of this Bicen­ voting age population participated, but noise unto the Lord, to sing our country's tennial celebration. But first, I have one very by 1972, the figure had been reduced to praise with grateful hearts. satisfying task to perform. The next per­ 55 percent. In Congressional elections Laughter and liberty go well together. Rag­ sonality you will meet is a gentleman I have the figures are even more depressing; time and jazz, marches as well as hymns and introduced on a number of occa.Sions, and spirituals, set the beat of the American ad­ who has introduced me on a number of oc­ since 1962 participation has decreased casions. There is no doubt in my mind that from 49 percent to 40 percent. There is venture. We have exported America's hap­ piness to the world with our gramophones, introducing him is a lot easier than following no simple explanation for these statistics. our movies and our own talented performers. him. (Laughter) Clearly, however, part of the problem lies Americans sang on riverboats, danced So, ladies and gentlemen, I present my with the restrictive registration proce­ around wagon trains, joked as they marched very good and very dear friend, Bob Hope. dures which have served to exclude will­ into battle. We took all of the arts of those ing participants from the electoral who came to join the American adventure BOY SCOUT TROOP I, HUNTINGTON process. and made new arts of our own. BEACH, CALIF. Voting is a right which should be No nation has a richer heritage than we do, for America has it all. The United States readily available to all citizens irregard­ is probably the only country on eal'th that less of their geographic location, physi­ put the pursuit of happiness right after life HON. MARK W. HANNAFORD cal condition, or economic status. In and liberty among the God-given rights of OF CALIFORNIA some Western States it is reported that every human being. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES potential voters must drive 100 miles to · When Jefferson wrote that, he pulled off an register. Many of our disabled citizens historic switch. For a long time, English Tuesday, August 3, 1976 find it virtually impossible to travel to law has used the phrase "life, liberty and Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speaker, it is a registration office, and countless other property'~ to describe the most precious a privilege for me to commend to my col­ things that couldn't be taken away from people simply cannot afford to do so. anybody without due legal process. leagues in the Congress the fine accom­ It is clearly not the intent of the Con­ But Jefferson dropped property "in the Dec­ plishments of Boy Scout Troop I, Hunt­ stitution to disenfranchise the disadvan­ laration" of Independence and substituted ington Beach, Calif. The Boy Scouts of taged people of our society nor the ran­ the "pursuit of happiness." Like any good America are a dedicated group, com­ dom thousands who find it difficult to politician, Jefferson knew how to say exactly mitted to building the character, knowl- August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25393 edge, and citizenship of America's young duced consumer auto purchase and Inain­ the very least it will do is accept the approach people. The scouts and leaders of Troop tenance costs. of Sen. Frank Moss of Utah, who wants to I exemplify these goals. Your support of this amendment would postpone for a year the engraving into stone Troop I has been involved in many be appreciated very much. of Mr. Muskie's "no significant deterioration" Very truly yours, provision. Mr. Moss, whose state is the eco­ projects to improve their community and w. A. MCCLINTIC, nomic equivalent of our skinny teenager, pro­ make it a better place in which to live. Executive Director. poses that a special commission evaluate the They donated material and volunteer economic impact of the Muskie approach labor for the renovation of a cabin in during this waiting period. Huntington Beach which has been used A SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION IN What Congress should really do, though, for scouting activities since 1917. The LOCAL ECONOMIES is simply accept the amendment of Sen. cabin has been formally designated an William Scott of Virginia, who would strike historical site and is available for use by the "no significant deterioration" approach HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL and return to the actual intent of the 1970 other civic groups. So that they may ren­ Act, which was to set national air quality der first-aid service in any community OF NORTH CAROLINA standards that apply uniformly. President emergency, many of the members of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ford more or less has endorsed the Scott Troop I have completed the Red Cross Tuesday, August 3, 1976 amendment "in view of the potentially dis­ standard first aid and personal safety astrous effects on unemployment and on en­ course. The troop has been designated as Mr. BROYHILL. Mr. Speaker, on ergy development ... until sufficient in­ a civil disaster relief team by the Red July 26, 1976, the Wall Street Journal formation concerning final impact can be Cross. carried the following article which gathered." strongly questions the wisdom of es­ There is no national air quality standard, Troop I assists in civic functions when­ after all, when Congress gives the EPA bu­ ever possible. In August 1975, the city tablishing a national policy of "signifi­ reaucrats the power to decide what the stand­ council presented a plaque to them for cant deterioration," and exJ?resses con­ ard should be in northeastern Utah and what their "Outstanding Contribution to the cern over the anticipated effects of such it should be in southwestern Tennessee. Youth of This Community.'' They have a national policy. While the article There would be varying classes of land, a participated in the Marine Corps' toys makes specific reference to the Senate "pristine" class where no deterioration would for tots program, to obtain gifts for needy Clean Air Act amendments, it is equally be permitted and others where some incre­ applicable to the House provision re­ mental deterioration would be allowed to ac­ children at Christmas. They have organ­ commodate economic expansion. There also ized and operated a handicapped Boy lating to "significant deterioration.'' will be gray areas, the buffer zones around Scout Troop. It should be noted that the Senator the pristine areas, the sizes of which haven't The members of Troop I have repeat­ Moss amendment which would require a been determined. If the buffer strips turn out edly demonstrated their dedication to thorough review of the effect of such a to be 50 or 100 miles wide, there would be their community. I encourage all young policy prior to its enactment is the same only nooks and crannies left in the country people to get involved in their commun­ amendment that the Honorable BILL for major economic expansion. CHAPPELL will offer on the floor of the To the browbeaten American businessman ity and contribute their ideas and time and industrialist, criticized for not creating and efforts for the benefit of their friends House. I would urge you to vote for the jobs fast enough because they're too much and neighbors. Boy Scout Troop I of Chappel amendment in order to avoid concerned With profit, Senator Muskie's bill Huntington Beach is a fine example of what the article describes as "as signifi­ is an unnecessary non-tariff barrier to trade. what they can accomplish and deserves cant deterioration in local economies." It legislates confusion as the chief means of our highest praise. The article follows: cleaning up the air. A SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION IN LOCAL Whatever happened to the original idea, ECONOMIES setting a tough federal standard that would provide for the nation's health to a reason­ RAILROADS AND RAIL LABOR Imagine that Congress passes a law, and an appropriate agency issues a regulation, that able degree, leaving to the states the option SUPPORT DINGELL-BROYHILL prohibits adult male Americans from weigh­ of enacting tighter standards if their citi­ (TRAIN) AUTO EMISSION AMEND­ ing more than 200 lbs., on the grounds that zens so desire? No doubt it was too simple MENT excessive weight is both unhealthy and unat­ and straightforward an approach for Wash­ tractive. ington to adhere to. Not enough red tape. Not Then imagine the little people's lobby wins enough confusion. Not enough bureaucracy. HON. JOHN D. DINGELL a federal court ruling that even skinny teen­ The way things are going on the Clean OF MICHIGAN agers weighing 120 lbs. aren't allowed to add Air Act there will be plenty of all those any significant weight, on the grounds that things. And whatever happens to the air, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this is what Congress seemed to have in­ the Muskie proposal can certainly bring Tuesday, August 3, 1976 tended when it passed the legislation. about "a significant deterioration" in local Imagine further the outrage of those who economies. That too, over time, can bring Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, railroad think the court ruling to be nonsense-be­ about a situation that ls "unhealthy and management and railroad labor have cause it bears no relation to either health or unattractive." endorsed the Dingell-Broyhill (Train) attractiveness, and in error-because Con­ auto emission amendment to be offered gress didn't intend to starve skinny teenagers to the Clean Air Act Amendments, H.R. when it passed the legislation. A RISKY ROAD FROM HYPOTHESIS 10498. The original author of the legislation then TO FACT steps forward and says "Yes, indeed, I did The support of the American Assoc­ have in the back of my mind freezing all ciation of Railroads and the Railway Americans at their present weight, except for HON. 'DAVID F. EMERY Labor Executives is appreciated and cer­ a pound or two for special cases that will be OF MAINE tainly in the public interest. considered by federal bureaucrats. And to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Additionally, I have received the fol­ clear up any doubt, we're going to write the lowing communication from the Michi­ federal court ruling into the law." Tuesday, August 3, 1976 gan Railroads Association which I in­ All of the above is a rough approximation Mr. EMERY. Mr. Speaker, I wish to sert at this point: of what has happened since the Clean Air commend to the attention of my col­ Act was passed in 1970. The legislation estab­ MICHIGAN RAILROADS ASSOCIATION, lished national air quality standards, formu­ leagues a most perceptive essay exploring July 22, 1976. lated by the Environmental Protection the interaction of the media with the Congressman JOHN D. DINGELL, Agency based on health and ambient find­ scientific community. Recently appear­ House of Representatives, ings. The federal courts ruled that "no sig­ ing in Busines&"" Week, Dr. James P. Washington, D.C. nificant deterioration" of air quality could Lodge's "A Risky Road From Hypothesis Subject: Clean Air Act Amendment, H.R. be permitted, even in those areas well within · to Fact" addresses a complexity familiar 10498. the standards. And now Senator Muskie, to us all-how to cope responsibly with DEAR CONGRESSMAN DINGELL: The Mem­ author of the 1970 Act, spurred by the no­ bers of this Association favor the adoption growth lobby, wants to write into the law a prolific scientific community committed of the Dingell-Broyhill Amendment to HR what the federal courts have already said is to publicly pondering all questions of 10498 because it offers the best balance of in the law. catastrophe and imminent danger. Un- continued clean air improvements, total en­ The Senate ls scheduled to debate the issue fortunately, the context of most scientific ergy conservation, auto fuel savings, and re- this week, and if common sense is to prevail, pronouncements on the possible dangers 25394 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 of this or that are not intended for public his peers 1n determining whether his meth­ 0.1 % . Hence, while a final somber appraisal consumption, much less public alarm odolgy and preliminary conclusions are of observational fact may ultimately lead to :flawed in any way, ·becomes an adversary the end of the present halocarbons, there is until the obligatory refinements of a pro­ situation. Since funding agencies are only no reason for a panicky instant response. longed critiquing process are endured. marginally aware of the positive value of A similar argument oan probaibly be made Dr. Lodge gently chides fellow scien­ fallibility in science and are vulnerable to for the entire class of suspected carcinogens tists for bringing the press into the lab­ pressure from a public that has still less of low poteney that now seem ·to occupy so oratory-and admonishes those in the understanding, the affected scientist must much of our attention. If-but only if-we media who are overly indulgent of siin­ defend his position to protect his future sup­ can assume the validity O'f the da:ta, it is pli:fication when reporting on scientific port. probably expedient to remove chloroform matters that transcend their iinmediate In areas that concern public health and from cough medicines. However, such long consumer products, the risks are compound­ exposure to weak carcinogens of this sort understanding. ed. An easily frightened public reacts to is necessary 'before cancer actually results Lodge cites as an example of oversim­ publicity, and pressure for government action th81t the instant removal of piresent stocks plification the fluorocarbon/ozone con­ grows. of these medicines from the market will have troversy where recitation of alleged con­ The costly death of cycla.mates is one ex­ a trivial effect. Once &gain, it is necessary sequences has become a familiar litany ample of premature acceptance of hypothesis to weigh not only the probab111ty of ha.rm in the press, yet substantiation of a real as fact. Recently it has come to light that a.nd the size of the population at risk but also danger to the ozone layer has not even some women had abortions because spray the cost of incre.a.sing the state of knowledge been documented by the scientists who adhesives, since shown to be harmless, were or decreasing the cost of action by less first advanced the theory. suspected of causing birth defects. As a scien­ precipitate regulation. tist, I find that kind of reaction chilling. I POSSIBLE ANSWERS Mr. Speaker, the opinions and observa­ know I do not deserve that sort of life-and­ tions of Dr. Lodge merit the attention death power. As wi.th most social as well as scientific ' of all Members particularly as we involve But what of the opposite situation, such problems, 'there are no easy or quick an­ this body in consideration of proposed as the thalidomide scandal? Certainly t}1.at swers to the problem of public investment of revisions to the Clean Air Act. case mustrates the need for new areas of preliminary hypotheses as revealed scientific pharmaceutical testing. I doubt if any drug truth. One cannot enhance scientific freedom The essay follows: at the expense of frreedom of the press. One A RISKY RoAD FROM HYPOTHESIS TO FACT now reaches the market that has not been tested for in utero effects on the fetuses of can try to enlist the media in helping the It is in the nature of science that scientists experimental animals. However, I submit that public understand the difference be,tween a are wrong a large fraction of the time. How­ we are ultimately faced with only two alter­ hypothesis, a theory, and a law of science. ever, paradoxical as it may sound, this is the natives: a retreat from even present levels One oan perhaps also ask the media to report way that science makes progress. A scientist of technology, or the acceptance of an oc­ more accurately the full context of scientific formulates a. hypothesis, either to explain casional tragedy of that magnitude. The rea­ announcements. Scientists must simul­ something he has observed or to extrapolate son is simple: There is always some prob­ taneously realize the risk and responsi,bility from current knowledge. He then makes the ab111ty that any finite series of studies will th81t they undertake when they initiate re­ best efforts of which he is capable to prove miss a unique impact. lease of frightening but unproven hypotheses. himself wrong. If he is unsuccessful, the Still under public and scientific scrutiny They also bear a rresponsibllity to assist in hypothesis makes an official transition into is the question of whether the chlorofluoro­ public education, precisely in the area I have the status of a theory, and it is provisionally carbons, widely used as refrigerants and aero­ called the "value of falllb111ty." accepted until such time as it fails to explain sol propellants, are damaging the ozone Beyond this point, which requires a period something it should have explained. Then layer. The question involves a long chain of of education of the media, the public, and it ls replaced by a new theory, grown from interlocking hypotheses and theories, few of the scientists, there are shorter-range ques­ a hypothesis like the last. which have been tested in the real world. tions. One of the key items of discussion at Today the presentation of preliminary hy­ Yet every minor measurement in the least the moment appears to be responsib111ty for potheses carries substantial risk to the sci­ pertinent to the ·subject is trumpeted in the costs-first for research to prove or disprove entist and to the society in which he works. pi::ess as "proving" the hypothesis, despite safety for ·both life and the environment, and The scientific journals that have served as the fact that a number of these have, when then for compensation of those affected. The his conduit to his peers throughout the world dispassionately examined, tended to cast latter problem is perhaps easier to solve. are no longer limited in audience. These, doubt on it. The National Academy of The ·thalidomide case has provided a prece­ along with scientific symposia, are routinely Sciences now has two committees studying dent. Clearly, in a case of this sort, the re­ covered by the mass media. Too often, what the subject, and they have recently an­ sponsi·ble industry must pay the ·affected began as appropriate-indeed necessary­ nounced a postponement of their reports be­ individuals for the damage infiicted. Where scientific questioning is assumed to be scien­ cause so much additional information is be­ the damage ls more diffuse, as in the case tific fact. The attendant publicity tends to coming available. Nevertheless, every juris­ of broad environmental impact, the solu­ be in direct proportion to the extent tha.t diction in the land, of whatever size, seems tion is correspondingly more diffuse. Never­ the original question carries "doomsday" filled with legislators rushing to be the first theless, there seems to be adequate legal implication. (Why is the continuation of the to ban underarm deodorants. precedent for the concept, and reasonable world so much less welcome news than the WEIGHING THE RISKS legislation could be enacted to charge re­ end of the world? Are our consciences sponsible industry for its equitable share of troubling us?) My intimate involvement in this particular envl.Tonmental degradation of whatever sort. All too often a scientist's statement that controversy has forced me to examine the Conceivrably the same legislation that made "under high'ly unrealistic laboratory condi­ way such matters are, and should be, han­ industry liable for damages could create tions, I have a small a.mount of evidence to dled. I should therefore like to suggest a an insurance pool to compensate it for losses suggest that lifetime exposure to elephant modification of the present approach toques­ caused by abrupt changes in regulaitions. In hide could, with 5% probablllty, cause can­ tions of this sort. I suggest that we approach view of its role as the chief regul,ator, the cer" becomes "Scientist says elephants cause each case by making an initial assessment federal government might reasonably under­ cancer." A few conscientious reporters wlll of the risks and the costs involved. take to reimburse the pool for any payments add an ellipsis to indicate omitted words or The urgency of action in any particular it has to make to the producers of im­ will carry a brief amplification several pages case must be deterIIlined by some sort of properly suppressed products. back from the elephant-damning headline. product of the probab111ty that the hypoth­ Lest it be thought that the media are uni­ esis is correct and the size of the popula­ THE COSTS OF RESEARCH laterally responsible, I must add that there tion at risk if it is. But the calculation of The question of financing research is still are certain scientists who, either spontane­ this product should be realistic. It does not more complex. A friend recently put it in a ously or under pressure from institutional follow from our concern with the size of the nutshell: "Why should I as a taxpayer pay public information offices, make similar population that even a fairly improbable for research to prove whether or not some claims in their own names. There are un­ hypothesis must be acted on at once when big company's fiourocarbons are destroying doubtedly occasions when the gravity of it affects something as global as the world­ the ozone?" the situation justifies this approach, al­ wide ozone layer. I pointed out that the manufacturing in­ though probably not as many as are claimed. In this case, the entire population of the dustry is now committed to some $5 mlllion However, there is some reason to think that world is involved, but a much Sinaller number of research support, the recipients being uni­ premature public disclosure is at least oc­ Me actually at risk. Nonwhites are almost to­ versities, research institutes, and research casionally motivated by a perception of posi­ tally immune to skin cancer, and swarthy corporations. And I added that a substantially tive benefit in the current scramble for whites are only slightly susceptible. Moreover, larger amount is being devoted to internal scarce research funds. the cost of delaying action while we deter­ studies of possible replacement chemicals. The effects are far-reaching. mine the validity of the hypothesis is small. A However, -the question set me thinking a.bout delay of two or three years in banning aerosol the reasonable allocation of such costs. SCIENTIFIC RESPONSmILrrY products in the United States would, if the Despite some problems, the present na­ A formerly cooperative effort, in which the theory ls completely correct, oo.use an in­ tional toxic substances legislation has one developer of the hypothesis sollcits help from crease in ozone depletion of no more than help!ul philosophical concept: It me.kes the August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25395 development of test protocols the respon­ LEGAL REMEDIES TO THE FORD deprivation might result, which could hardly sibllity of the Environmental Prote-Otion be cured through any retroactive relief." Agency, while their execution for individual ADMINISTRATION'S FOOD PRO­ substances is the responsibility of the manu­ GRAM FAILURE BAD POLICY facturer. The difficulty with the halocarbon The New York City-born attorney, now 32, question, and many similar ones. is that the was a student civil rights activist who went basic research· to define the necessary condi­ HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND to Mississippi in the mid-'608, where he "saw tions for acceptance and ,rejec.tion has not OF NEW YORK in the starkest terms people who were ex­ traordinarily hungry and needed government been done. Accordingly, the external research IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES supported by the industry is almost totally assistance." Only five months out of law devoted to fundamental studies leading to Tuesday, August 3, 1976 school (New York University, class of '68). the possibility of setting criteria for accep,t­ Pollack filed 26 suits in a single day against a.ble materials. To this extent the industry is Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, recent­ foot dragging on food programs by 26 states responding far beyond the standards of re­ ly an article appeared in the law section and the Agriculture Department. "I was ar­ sponsibllity estaiblished by the Toxic Sub­ of Time magazine, which dealt with the rogant," he now concedes. But, proceeding Food Research Action Center-FRAC. with careful research and thorough prepara­ stances Act. The nation as a whole has been tion, he won 25 of the 26. These legal tri­ seriously iremiss in fail1ng to support research This group of dedicated young lawyers, umphs helped him get a $250,000 federal on the structure of our atmosphere that headed by Mr. Ron Pollack, have over the grant in 1970 to start FRAC, which is now would permit reasonable answers to the past 5 years worked "to use the law to supported by a host of religious and founda­ halocarbon/ozone questions. feed people." As a member of ·the Agri­ tion sources. Pollack's w-;,rk has won him re­ Whatever approach we take to these prob­ culture Committee, I have had the op­ spect from supporters and opponents alike. lems, there is an obvious need to accept the Justice Department Attorney Mack Norton, clear fact .that no institutional structure can portunity to work c1osely with Mr. Pol­ lack on various projects related to food who has faced him in court and lost, says, provide a life completely free of risk. After "With Ron, we have to work a little harder." all, it has been pointed out that the removal programs, and have come to learn we Adds Marshall Matz, general counsel of the of 'the smog of Los Angeles would, according share a dedication to feeding our nation's Senate Nutrition Committee, "He argues con­ to present theory, lead to a doubling of the hungry, which the Department of Agri­ gressional intent better than anyone else I've present rate of skin oancer in the affected culture lacks. seen." area--just because of the added sunlight it It is unfortunate that the Ford Ad­ That is almost always Pollack's key argu­ would let in. ment--that the intention of the lawmakers is ministration and the Department of being subverted or ignored by Executive ac­ Agriculture have chosen to ignore the tions. But the young lawyer wishes that the expressed will of Congress and that it is adversary relationship were not necessary. SUPPORTERS LISTED FOR DINGELL­ necessary for concerned citizens to ini­ The Government's problem, he explained to BROYHILL Carl Albert went tional Park Service have failed to take base of the world's tallest trees. down into the well and made a speech. He action. Indeed the desecration is now so great that condemned President Ford for the veto and Clearly the park is in danger and time most champions of the redwoods have lost likened him to President Hoover who in 1932 is of the essence. For this reason the all hope. vetoed a public relief measure. Nobody chal­ Conservation, Energy and Natural Re­ Right now, a bill sponsored by Representa­ lenged the Speaker's comparison of ~resident sources Subcommittee, of which I am tive Phillip Burton, Democrat of California, Ford and his problems with President Hoover and co-sponsored by 51 colleagues, could res­ and the troubles of his time. chairman, plans to hold hearings in S~p­ cue the park by giving it buffer zones. In a President Hoover had a Depression on his tember to look at the damage bemg survey, we found no members of the entire hands, the likes of which Americans never caused to Redwood Park by destructive National Parks and Recreation subcommit­ knew before. Millions went hungry while clearcutting. tee of the House Interior and Insular Affairs beefsteak sold for 25 cents a pound and the I recommend to the Members' atten­ Committee resisting quick passage. It would nickel candy bar contained 4 full ounces. tion the following article which appeared be a kingly gesture indeed if the retiring Houses rented for $5 to $30 a month, and a this past Saturday in the New York chairman, Roy A. Taylor, Democrat of North good automobile could be driven out of the Times. The authors provide an accurate Carolina, who has blocked action, would re­ showroom for $500 by anybody lucky enough spond to this sentiment. to afford one. description of the urgent need to move Time, that ally of the redwoods, is no In those times, the problem was getting quickly in order to save the last of the longer on their side. Fifteen new clear-cut money into the hands of the people. The ob­ great redwoods: patches above beautiful Emerald Creek are jectives were demand for goods, higher wages, THE REDWOODS; GOING, GOING . . . to be cut this summer, bleeding red silt into higher prices and, above all, more jobs in (By Robert Rienow and Leona Rienow) the creek and eventually toppling the world's mills and factories. SELKIRK, N.Y.-Out of a welter of vehement tallest trees on the banks below. The lumber­ From where President Ford is sitting, the men have a deadline to meet in their frenzy Depression might even look like a kindergar­ debate, Congress in 1968 passed what now to make grape sticks out of eternity-be­ ten problem compared with the complica­ turns out to be a phony Redwood National fore the public learns what is happening. tions of today's economy. The currency is Park bill. For what was hailed as a triumph It wm take all the pressure an aroused bloated with inflation, circulating into every­ of conservation, complete with Lyndon B. public can muster to convince the Interior body's hands and buying less every day. A Johnson's dedication of the park, in Califor­ Secretary and the Congress of their holy mis­ pound of beefsteak costs $2 to $3, and the nia, now seems foredoomed. sion to preserve this once-in-a universe phe­ nickel ·candy bar disappeared long ago. Amid the current political turmoil, Con­ nomenon. It is crass to mention loss of Houses rent for $400 to $1 ,000 a month, and gressional bills to salvage the park from money when such grandeur is at stake, but a modest automobile costs $4,000 to $5,000. vicious border-cutting and landslides are if the park goes down, the public loses the Every time the government spends a dime, shunted aside. And the redwoods we thought $118 million investl!-...;nt it ht.JS already mac" it makes matters worse. Today's problem is were saved may have only a few years to go. in the park. to increase production, stabillze prices and At the 54,000-acre park's inauguration in This summer, say · ~ the Emerald Creek Com­ wages, get inflation under control and stanch 1964 there were expectations and misgivings. mittee, a local preservation group, will de­ the wasting value of the people's savings. The primeval redwood in its swirling mists is cide the issue of Redwood National Park, When Congress forced another $3.95 billion an ethereal wonder; it lacks any semblance wm we quickly put forth the effort and ap­ spending program on the country, it simply of relationship to a crass load of redwood logs. propriation necessary to give the redwoods ordered that much taken out of the value The Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth, Wil­ a new lease on eternity? of the money in the people's hands. Since derness Society, National Parks Association, Five years ago, my wife and I purchased, the United States government is already any many other groups and conscientious through the Save-the-Redwoods League, a spending far more than it gets from taxes, citizens, knowing that the straggling park tiny "honor grove" of ten acres. It is a buffer the difference is made up by diminishing the was unable to survive, struggled to enlarge zone, and perhaps we shall never look upon value of the money in circulation. The price it to. a viable 90,000 acres. The lumbermen it or the sturdy bench and plaque that re­ for the made-work program thus will have to defeated them. cords our commitment. But in inner staisfac­ come from savings accounts, insurance pol­ The compromise was a sequence of three tion it exceeds any purchase we have ever icies, United States savings bonds. Social small state parks and enough throwaway made. Security checks, pensions and pay checks. It cut-over land-land that has been lumbered is inescapable. to the last stick-to sweeten the kitty for the So far from being a humane piece of legis­ timber operators. THE POLITICS OF CRUELTY lation to relieve unemployment, the measure The original idea for a Redwood National Ls highway robbery and will compound the Park had been tremendous. The watersheds problems of Americans in meeting their of Lost Man Creek and Mill Creek were in­ HON. JOHN T. MYERS everyday problems. Worse, it will lh.amper the cluded. But unfortunately there was a grave OF INDIANA job-makers by reducing the worth of their defect: Only 10 percent of the famed Red­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES investments and making new factories and wood Creek basin, site of the world's tallest machinery harder to buy. trees, was acquired. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 Representative John J. Rhodes (R-Ariz.), The impending devastation of the water­ the Republican floor leader, warned the Con­ sheds on the periphery of the park is the Mr. MYERS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, gress that private employers can make far critical issue of the moment. You can never this week, the Indianapolis Star ran an more jobs than the Federal government can save the big trees on the cree):t flats if you article written by my good friend, Ben ever provide. But few listened to him. clear-cut the upland watersheds. That was Cole, which most accurately shows that Made work was a solution in the Depres­ tragically learned when in 1955 a flood in the public employment is not the cure-all for sion days when a $15 paycheck made the dif­ Bull Creek watershed in Humboldt State Park today's economic and unemployment ference between survival and desolation. But inundated the superb Rockefeller Grove. Up­ problems. I share this article with my col­ that old fashioned medicine won't cure to­ stream logging practices prostrated 500 of the leagues and an readers of the RECORD: day's ms. Instead, it could poison the econ­ giant trees. It was a hideous price to pay. omy and leave Americans the bleakness of Yet we learned nothing. The lumbermen THE POLITICS Cf' CRUELTY Socialism as the final solution. are now consciously, cold-bloodedly repeat­ (By Ben Cole) ing the same error. As Secretary of the In­ WASHINGTON.-The trouble with Democrats terior, Rogers C. B. Morton was directed by is that they want to cure Space Age prob­ law to watch over and protect the park bor­ lems with Depression Era remedies. They keep CONRAIL AMENDMENTS CONTRO­ ders. He declared his role "discretionary" and foisting off on the President all kinds of VERSIAL RA TEMAKING SECTION evaded his obligation with seven years of spending programs that look so humane and "studies." When a California District Court anti-recessionary, yet are cruel and infia­ judge recently directed the current Secretary, tlonary. HON. JAMES M. COLLINS Thomas S. Kleppe, to take prompt rescue Take for example ... OF TEXAS steps, a whole cloud of legal entanglement Last week Congress overrode President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES suddenly smoke-screened the scene while the Ford's veto of a bill that will authorize lumbermen moved the big tractors in close spending $3.95 billion with the idea of mak­ Tuesday, August 3, 1976 for the summer kill. ing jobs for 300,000 Americans. The model The devastating plans of three companies, for the bill was the Public Works Adminis­ Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, now in progress, actually call for clear-cut­ tration of the Depression Era, which in fact I address my colleagues today in regard ting 75 acres in the virgin heart of Devil's did a lot of good using public funds to put to title IV, section 401 of H.R. 14932, the Creek where erosion hazards are listed as "ex­ up libraries, college buildings, school houses, Rail Amendments of 1976. Next week, the tremely high." Exquisitely beautiful streams municipal buildings, hospitals and the like. Subcommittee on Transportation and August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25397 Commerce will commence its markup of Freight forwarders want special con­ ECONOMIC POLICY the bill. tract rights to undercut the use of ship­ The inclusion -of section 401 in the pers associations. By so doing, they will amendments to the ConRail bill would place co-·op shippers on the road to HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER unquestionably foster a discriminatory demise. Let us now look at the history OF VIRGINIA situation in the area of freight trans­ of the revenue tonnage originated by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portation because it would give freight railroad shipper association and freight Tuesday, August 3, 1976 forwarders the right to make contracts forwarder traffic. The table to follow was with railroads for carload and piggyback obtained from: Statement No. 69100-A, Mr FISHER. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ freight rates which are less than those Freight Commodity Statistics, Class 1, serti~g into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD charged other customers on comparable Railroads in the United States, Bureau of correspondence between Matthew J. Ker­ shipments. Accounts, Interstate Commerce Commis­ bec president of Output Systems Corp., What distresses me is that last year, sion for years 1964-73. Arllngton, Va., and the administration the full House rejected an almost iden­ on the subject of economic policy. ·Mr. Kerbec's statements do not neces­ tical provision, section 309 of H.R. 10979. Shipper It did not provide equal rates for shippers associations sarily reflect my own point of view; how­ nor does section 401 in this ConRail leg­ Shipper Freight as a percent ever, I did want to share this corre­ associations forwarders of freight spondence with my colleagues: islation . . My amendment to strike the Year traffic (tons) 1 traffic (tons) 1 forwarders 1 preferential rate section in last year's OUTPUT SYSTEMS CORP., Arlington, Va., July 23, 1976. legislation was adopted by the House on 1964. ------2, 413, 474 4, 753, 768 50. 7 December 17, 1975. 1965 ______2, 520, 110 4, 785, 587 52. 8 The PRESIDENT, 1966_ ------2, 834, 757 5, 247, 678 54.1 The White House, Let us briefly review the history of this 1967 ______4, 820, 202 64. 5 1968 ______3, 102, 308 Washington, D .a. proposal which very precisely speaks for 3, 602, 630 4, 678, 617 77.2 DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: This ls in reference to 1969 ______4, 031, 252 4, 846, 093 83. 3 itself. It has been appropriately deemed 1970 ______4, 288, 804 4, 706, 604 91.1 the questions I asked in my Eighth Economic "shopworn". Here in the House it took 1971______4, 765, 002 3, 827, 715 124. 5 Report to you, dated June 21, 1976 and the 1972_ ------5, 659, 383 3, 977, 334 142. 3 answers your spokesman, Acting Secretary of 10 years to get the provision out of com­ 1973 ______4, 313, 746 148. 8 mittee, and as I have indicated, it first 6, 417, 905 the Treasury James c. Van Horne, made to appeared before the full House last De­ Percent in- these questions. crease, 1973 I was extremely disappointed with the gen­ cember. It has never been approved by versus 1974 __ 165. 9 9. 9 ------eral nature of the answers and had the feel­ committee on the Senate side. In my ing that whoever had formulated them was mind the inclusion of section 401 in the 1 These statistics include shippers associations and related thinking of a textbook version of an eco­ ConRail bill would represent a blatant traffic. nomic system rather than one operating in defial of established congressional senti­ the real world. For example, the statement ment in this regard. This has been and These statistics alone reveal the force­ that price and wage controls do nothing to is strictly a bipartisan issue, and the ful reason why the freight forwarding remove the causes of inflation, shows a com­ support we have amassed on both sides industry is determined to obtain special plete lack of understanding of how "cost is impressive. My distinguished colleague, ratemaking privileges. Consider for ex­ push" factors caused most of the 1973-76 ample: inflation. JIM SANTINI, from Nevada has joined me Also, in the answer to Question 2, a state­ in the fight. He will offer the motion to First. In the year 1964, shippers' asso­ ciations handled only 50 percent of the ment ls made to the effect that the economy strike the section during the subcom­ has been expanding for more than a year. mittee deliberations and, if necessary, we amount of freight handled by freight for­ This assertion does not agree with the facts. will jointly do the same when the ques­ warders. Front page emphasis was placed on each of tion is presented before the House Inter­ Second. By 1973, the amount of traffic the quarterly increases in the Gross National state and Foreign Commerce Committee. handled by shippers' associations had in­ Product (GNP) which occurred in 1975. These If stricken again, existing law will allow creased 165 percent-that is from 2% increases were primarily caused by one-time million tons to 6 % million tons. Whereas government spending efforts (tax rebates, equal treatment, and both cooperative social security payments, tax reductions, etc.) shipping associations and forwarders the amount of shipments handled by freight forwarders in 1973 was less than and the statistical aberrations which occur will continue to pay the railroads the when quarterly statistics are converted to same rates and charges for handling 4% million tons, a decrease of approxi­ annual figures. Actually, when the statistical comparable carload and piggyback ship­ mately 10 percent. aberrations are stripped away real GNP ments. Third. Thus, in the direct competition dropped by 2.0 percent in 1975. It ls strongly Now let me explain exactly what we between freight forwarders and shippers' emphasized that this occurred despite the associations who supply the small shipper record $70 billion the Government spent in are talking about in terms of day-to-day with LCL service-cooperative shippers' 1975, to stimulate the economy. This indi­ business. As involved in this issue, both associations are winning the battle. cates that higher prices (inflation) drained nonprofit shippers cooperative associa­ This brings us to one additional, yet money out of the economy faster than it was tions and forwarders handle shipments very strong, objection to section 401. It put back, in the form of higher wages or more in one city destined for customers in an­ Government fiscal actions. It is too early to differs in one major and serious respect. tell what the annual GNP will be for 1976. other part of the country. They assemble It contains a grant of antitrust immunity small shipments into carload or piggy­ My estimate ls that it will be closer to of unprecedented scope. zero than the 6.8 percent forecasted by Ad­ back loads and send them by rail to their Forwarders should not be granted this ministration economists. My forecast is based destinations. At that point, these loads antitrust immunity to negotiate prefer­ on the latest monthly statistics which affect are disassembled into small shipments ential contracts with the railroads on an GNP. They are far from encouraging. In May for delivery to the consignees. industrywide basis. Current law grants 1976, inventories were higher than ever be­ Railroad charges for carload and fore (including the depth of the 1975 reces­ such antitrust immunity only to agree­ sion). Also in May, sales dropped for the first piggyback loads are cheaper than aggre­ ments between carriers of the same mode gate of charges for small shipments time since November 1975. Under these con­ and then permits the ICC to suspend or ditions it was not surprising that unem­ which make up the carload or piggyback. modify rates arising out of such agree­ ployment increased from 7.3 percent in May Thus, the difference between the cost of ments. Section 401 would give forwarders to 7.5 percent in June. Again, in June, the the carload. shipment and the aggregate and railroads a special exemption from Personal Income monthly report put out by of charges received for the small ship­ the antitrust laws which is unprecedented the Department of Commerce showed that ment is the spread. "Wages and Salaries" decreased in June com­ and contrary to public policy. pared to May. When a.dusted for inflation, This spread covers the operating costs In conclusion, I urge that my col­ and profit of the forwarders. For non­ real "Wages and Salaries" dropped about 6 leagues join Congressman SANTINI and percent on an annual basis. This is the first profit shippers associations, any amount me in our bipartisan effort. Our motion time "Wages and Salaries" have dropped over operating costs is returned to its to strike offers the one and only equitable since February 1975. These facts indicate members in the form of lower rates or alternative to the subject provision. We siphoning away purchasing power faster patronage dividends. Except for this dif.. have the support of the NIT League, Non than it is being returned. In an effort to resolve some of our differences I have added ference, both perform identical physica1 Profit Shippers Associations, the Ameri­ detailed comments to each of your answers. and functional services, and both pay the can Farm Bureau, the American Retail These appear in Attachment 1. railroads to move the goods. Federation, and some railroads. One thing is certain--consumers and busi- 25398 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 19'76 nessmen are being subjected to misleading disastrous since January 1974. Inflation, as industries were in a depression. Unemploy­ interpretations of economic facts. The econ­ measured by the Consumer Price Index, has ment was at 6 percent and rising and the omy may or may not be helped when spend­ increased over 23 percent since then. Unem­ money from high prices went to energy ing decisions by businesses and consumers ployment has reached the second highest companies and others that could make high are based on slanted economic news. How­ level in the Nation's history. Interest rates prices stick (too few dollars chasing too ever, there are definite adverse affects. Busi­ reached the highest ever recorded while per­ many goods). This guaranteed a recession. nessmen who believe the economy is improv­ centage increases for crimes against prop­ An absolute policy of not using selective ing are increasing rather than decre.asing erty hit an all time high. Budget deficits set price controls under these conditions 1s their prices even as inventories go up and new records and the National Debt is sky­ anala.gous to a cancer speciaUst declaring sales go down. This is what is happening­ rocketing. The anticipated 6 percent infla­ he would never use surgery as a technique inventorles and prices are at all time highs. tion for 1976 will drain another $96 billion for curing breast cancer. Your spokesman's In addition to slanted news, another prob­ out of consumer pocketbooks which will ag­ answer relative to whether or not you would lem is not enough news. Since 1973, I have gravate recessionary pressures. All of this use price controls was "Price controls do been trying to obtain figures that represent happened under the label of so-called "con­ nothing to remove the causes for inflation the total yearly energy (coal, natural gas servative" government. but simply repress the symptoms temporar­ and refined petroleum products) bill for the A great deal of the blame for our present ily at the cost of serious economic distortion U.S. at the consumer and industrial levels economic plight can be laid to the inade­ and inefficiency." I submit, we only have for the years 1973, 1974. 1975, and an esti­ quacy of contemporary beliefs and theories price controls on energy and I cannot see mate for 1976. Most people know how in­ to analyze and evaluate the economic ripple how the economy can be more distorted and creased prices for electric, heating oil and effects associated with a "cost push" infla­ inefficient than it now is under current eco­ gasoline have hurt them. However, very few tion/recession. It is extremely important nomic policies. I further submit, that the of them realize that they are being hurt even that we all realize there are real holes in our idea that price controls do nothing to re­ more by the hidden energy costs in food, understanding of how an economic system move the causes for lnfiation would be rele­ automobiles, houses, appliances, etc. I am operates. For example, computerized models vant in a discussion of a World War II (de­ sure the data for computing the total energy used to forecast economic trends completely mand pull) type of inflation but has little bill is available and would appreciate any­ missed the huge inflation which occurred in bearing on the virulent (cost push) infla­ thing you can do to release these totals to 1974. In the Third Quarter of 1973, the Na­ tion/recession we are now experiencing. the public. Candidly, I do not know.how the tion's top nine econometric models fore­ This is the kind of logic that has slammed executive agencies, or any one else can com­ casted what they calculated would be the us into our present price-wage-price spiral pute the economic impact of higher energy state of the economy by the end of 1974. The and will perpetuate the process until we use prices unless they have this information. results were more than embarrassing. The all available economic anti-inflation tools Finally, there is the frightening realization average forecast for real economic growth was including selective price and wage controls that the Congress cannot be responsive to 1.4 percent--actually, the economy did not and rapid response anti-trust actions. the Country's needs if they do not know if grow, it went down by 2.1 percent (1958 dol­ The foregoing is an attempt to help recon­ the economy is getting better or worse. lars). The average forecast for inflation was cile some of the economic policy confronta­ Mr. President you have many times been that there would be an annual increase of tions between the Executive and Legislative quoted as saying that, "inflation is the Na­ 5.3 percent--the actual increase was 10.3 Branches of Government. I believe you will tion's top problem." It is now generally percent (Implicit Price Def:lator, 1958 dol­ 1 agree that this must be done if we are ever agreed that the increases in oil, cool and lars) . Using these forecasts as a basis for to control our economic destiny. natural gas prices were the main causes for ma.king economic decisions would have been forcing up prices for all food and nonfood dangerous. I would apJM"eciate anything you might do products. This caused the record inflation, to expedite answers to the above questions In a needed effort to clarify where our eco­ as they would go to the core of why we are which in turn caused the recession, whidh nomic beliefs are applic·able or inapplicable, in a perpetual economic crisis. Please call on ca.used the unemployment, which caused the I respectfully submit the following two me if there are any questions. critical financial problems for Federal, state questions for your comment: Sincerely, and local governments which caused signifi­ 1. Do you believe changes in availab111ty cant wage increases which caused the second and/or prices for some commodities have MATTHEW J. KERBEC, round of the above effects which we are now more impact in terms of inflation, recession President. going through. This process ts continuing and unemployment than equivalent changes Enclosures: Copy of Mr. James C. Van and there is little hope for improvement un­ in other commodities? For example, do you Horne letter to Matthew J. Kerbec, dated der current Federal economic policies. The think if refineries stopped production there July 13, 1976. above events were detailed and predicted in would be a greater economic impact than if REFERENCES my eight previous reports to the Office of steel mills stopped production? If so, why? 1 Theory Deserts the FOll"ecasters, Bustness the President since 1973. There is absolutely This question is critical because there ts Week, McGraw-Hill, June 29, 1974, pp. xxix. no doubt in my mind that many of these no concept of Relative Economic Impact in 2 Hunting New Remedies, Newsweek Maga­ events could have been avoided if my recom­ contemporary economics. From a. practical zine, May 17, 1976, pp. 77. mendations had been evaluated before key standpoint this was one of the reasons clas­ legislative bllls were vetoed. sical economists missed recognizing the in­ ATTACHMENT 1 As it stands now, whoever becomes Presi­ flation/recession implications of the 60 per­ The following are questions Matthew J. dent as a result of the November 1976 elec­ cent average price increases that occurred Kerbec asked President Oooald R. Ford in hts tions, will inherit a.n economic "can of in the energy intensive basic industries in eighth economic report to the Office of the worms." Briefly, real Gross National Product 1974. I was the only one at the Conference President, dated June 21, 1976. The answers has decreased two years in a row ( 1974- on Inflation you held in September 1974 that were made on the President's behalf by Act­ 1975); millions of people have lost their even mentioned the disasterous economic mg Seorertary of the Treasury for Economic jobs; inventories are now the highest they consequences that were inevitable when Policy, James C. Va.n Horne in a letter to have ever been; capital spending and con­ prices for basic products increased this Kerbec, dated July 13, 1976. Kerbec's com­ struction have leveled off; many state and much in one year. The inflationary impact ments relative to President Ford's answers local governments have critical financial was predictable but was ignored. Dr. Aurthur 811'6 also included and were sent to President problems, the National Debt ls increasing Okun, former top Economic Adviser to Pres­ Ford, in the form of this attachment, on !aster than during World War II; and we ident Lyndon B. Johnson admitted in a July 23, 1976: stm have inflation increasing at a 6 percent Newsweek Magazine interview that, "We 1. Kerbec's Question: Do ~'OU feel that all rate with more to come. The only good eco­ never understood inflation and never felt we energy prices (via the BTU equivalent con­ nomic news was the monetary halt in the had to." 2 cept) in the U.S. should match OPEC price recession. However, this was due more to 2. Do you believe there are different causes, increases? deficit spending (robbing Peter to pay Paul) effects and cures for inflation? For example, Van Horne's Answer: No, the prices of rather than to a real increase in economic do you believe the causes, effects and cures ene!"gy should be determined by the market activity. There is no getting away from the for the double digit inflation following place. Since all forms of energy, i.e., oil, gas, fact that the economy is in serious trouble World World II were the same as the double electricity, have their own individual charac­ and there is no relief in sight. digit inflation in 1974? After World War II teristics and can be substituted, one for the There is a disturbing tendency for political people fought to buy goods they could not other only to a limited degree, a. BTU basts candidates to obscure real campaign issues get during the War and they had the money for price is not realistic. In general, we be­ by "name oa.lllng." The present attempts to to pay for these goods (too much money lieve that prices of energy forms should be use the labels "liberal" or "conservative" chasing too few goods) . Factories were work­ set through competitive forces and thereby can backfire. I presume that being branded ing full time and unemployment was under reflect underlying supply and demand con­ a "liberal" ls supposed to infer that a per­ 4 percent. Money was being returned to siderations. son is irresponsible and wasteful, while a workers in terms of wages and more jobs. Kerbec's Comment: The Administrations "conservative" ls supposed to be one who acts Instead of a. budget deficit there was a $3.8 belief that energy forms (prices) should be responsibly and is prudent. b1llion surplus in 1947. During the inflation set through competitive forces and thereby The performance of the Nation's economy in 1974 economic conditions were totally reflect underlying supply and demand forces under a so-called "conservative" has been different. The automotive and construction does not address itself to real world events. August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25299 OPEC is a price fixing organization which greatest redistribution of wealth (ripoff) true there should have been some large scale arbitrarily increased international oil prices in the Nation's history and have caused seri­ disruptions in the money supply statistics over 300 percent in one year. Uncontrolled ous damage to the economy-with more to prior to tlle 12.2 percent annual rate of in­ U.S. domestic crude oil prices immediately come. flation which the Consumer Price Index re­ followed_and prices for natural gas and coal 2. Kerbec's question: Is your position still, ported in December 1974. A careful examina­ also went up by significant amounts. These no price or wage controls (selective or other­ tion of money supply statistics shows no sin­ events happened as the result of price fix­ wise) ? Do your advisers believe, that when gular distortion in the growth of the money ing-not competitive market forces. basic product prices keep increasing in the supply. Also, if increases in the money sup­ It takes about 6,000 cubic feet (MCF) of face of falling demand, that this is the way ply were a major cause for the inflation, it natural gas to equal the heating value of one a free enterprise system should operate? would be logical to assume that the 1974 barrel of crude oil (BTU equivalence). Al­ Van Horne's Answer: Price and wage con­ inflation/recession would have been predicted most all uncontrolled natural gas not un­ trols do nothing to remove the causes of by those who believe that the only cause for der long term contract has went from an inflation but simply repress the symptoms inflation is increases in the money supply or average of 25 cents per MCF in 1973 to about temporarily at the cost of serious economic in the velocity of money. The truth is that, $2.00 a MCF by 1975-an eightfold in­ distortion and inefficiency. When the controls not only was the inflation not predicted but crease. At this time both natural gas pro­ are removed, as they must be eventually in a one of the top proponents of "monetary ducers and the Federal Energy Administra­ market economy, the pent-up inflationary theory" stated at the Conference on Inflation tion (FEA) are are vigorously pushing for pressures are released and prices advance very in September 1974 that there would be no decontrol of all new natural gas which will rapidly. For these and other reasons, the cur­ recession. This is another reason for my as­ mean that if decontrol is successful this rent Administration does not contemplate a seration that there are a number of gaping gas will immediately increase in price to return to controls. holes in contemporary economic thinking. I about $2.00 per (MCF). Continuing increases in basic product again reiterate that the inflation and re­ Evidence of the fact that the BTU equiva­ prices in the face of falling demand would sultant general increase in prices was the lence concept has been accepted by the not normally be expected to occur. Such a result of monopolistic actions by energy pro­ FEA is found in its report National Energy result is conceivable in the face of certain ducers and those companies who had the Outlook, 1976.1 The computer models used supply conditions, or if monetary factors are market power to make arbitrary price hikes to project national gas prices are based on causing a general increase in prices and costs stick. In 1974 and 1975 energy price increases the concept of BTU equivalence. To illu­ to occur. In any event, the state of affairs directly drained over $124 billion out of the strate, the footnote to Table III-9 states, contemplated in the question is unclear. Fall­ economy and caused another $124 billion in­ "Quantities of non-associated natural gas ing demand is characteristic of recessions crease in prices for food, transportation, elec­ are presented for a BTU-equivalent petro­ and the economy has been expanding for tricity and all other products. leum price." This is another way of saying more than a year. Finally, I question your statement that the that domestic gas producers, with OPEC's Kerbec's Comment: I agree that in some economy has been expanding for more than help are fixing natural gas prices. As this cases wage and price controls do not remove a. year. Most of the so-called economic im­ gas· is a major raw material for agricultural the causes for inflation. However, in the 1974- provement has been the result of misreading chemicals (fertilizer, pesticides, etc.) and 1976 years the basic causes for inflation were the statistics rather than improved business the giant plastics industries (tires, food con­ the huge price increases for energy and en­ ergy intensive products produced by the basic conditions. One of the many examp.Ies is the tainers, automobile parts, furniture, ap­ way GNP is reported. In 1975, the GNP (1972 pliances, etc.), this guarantees continued in­ industries. For example, in my Fifth Eco­ nomic Report to the Office of the President, $) was given front page news coverage every flationary pressures for yeairs to come. quarter. The news media reported a 3.3 per­ It takes approximately four barrels of I listed some of the price increases tha.t oc­ curred in the most basic industries for the cent increase in GNP in the Second Quarter, crude oil to produce the heating value of a 12 percent increase in the Third Quarter, one ton of coal (BTU equivalence). F.sen­ year ending September 1974.a Here are some percentage increases for that year. Refined and a 5.4 percent increase in the Fourth tlally, this mean that when residual oil Quarter. There were no public announce­ used to generate electric power goes up to petroleum products up 85.2 percent; indus­ trial chemicals up 67.2 percent; agricultural ments by government leaders that GNP for $12 per barrel, which it is now, coal will go the entire year (without quarterly statistical up to $48.00 per barrel to reach BTU equival­ chemicals up 51.2 percent; plastic resins and aberrations) decreased by 2 percent. This is ence. Coal now sells for about $17 per ton, materials up 87.5 percent; iron and steel up on the average. 45.1 percent and nonferrous metals up 42.2 doubly disturbing when you realize that this According to the Council on Wage and percent. As some combination of these prod­ happened even after the Government spent Price Stabillty, the average price for coal ducts are used in all industries, these huge over $70 billion to stimulate spending. Why jumped 93.4 percent in 1974. The Council price increases caused massive disruptions in this happened is a prime target for national gives as the primary reason for this increase the structure of the economy which will be discussion. One basic question is-Where did "the dramatically high prices for imported with us for years. the money go? Certainly, the unemployed did 011.". Reference your comment, "when controls not get it. Even though $70 billion was given. In the coming years a growing number of are removed, as they must be eventually in back to consumers GNP st111 dropped by 2 electric power plants will be forced to con­ a market economy, the pent-up inflationary percent. Where did the money go? vert from oil to coal. When this happens, pressures are released and prices advance very 3. Kerbec's Question: Can you provide logical profit concerns on the part of coal rapidly." I submit, that OPEC, in complete estimates that show what the ·state of the producers wm dictate that they increase harmony with almost all energy companies economy would be in terms of infiation, un­ their prices to the precise point that will and, with approval of the FEA, is absolutely employment, plant capacity utUization and keep power companies from switching to oil controlling prices for crude oil in the U.S. crimes against property if we had insisted on or other substitute fuels. The end result ls with the exception of those prices that a.re operating with a balanced budget for those that coal prices will be on a steady upward Government controlled. If you have any ar­ years? march as they converge on the $48 per ton guments or logic that says this is not true, Van Horne's Answer: F.stimates of some of price. This estimate is conservative as both please let me know. The Nation is now in the magnitudes could, in principle, be ob­ domestic and international crude oil prices the grip of a monopolistic energy price tained through use of a large-scale econo­ are already programmed to increase on an squeeze that is the main reason for our in­ metric model. It is highly questionable annual basis and will continue to do so under flation, unemployment and huge budget defi­ whether the results would be worth the cost. present laws. cits. Alternatively, can you tell me why you In general, efforts to achieve a balanced This process wm add more short and long believe crude oil prices in the U.S. are being budget during recession are self-defeating term inflationary pressures on electric rates set by competitive market forces? Thls is .a and can make a bad situation worse. On the which wlll be passed on, W'lth appropriate basic reason for part of the lack of confidence other hand, excessive government spending markups, to all consumers. in government and should be discussed and budget deficits over longer periods of As energy is required to obtain, produce nationally. time can cause infiation and eventually bring and transport all products (food and non­ The fact that prices increased in the face about recession. In the present situation, we food) under present energy pricing policies, of falling demand you attribute to supply believe that the economy would benefit strong inflationary effects are guaranteed conditions or monetary factors. There were greatly from more stable policies and a until 1979. They wlll be accelerated, if all no significant shortages in supplies in late marked reduction of inflationary pressures. remaining oil controls are completely lifted 1974 when inflation was building up to a 12 Kerbec's Comment: The reason I asked for at that time in accordance with the Energy percent rate. The automotive and construc­ the estimates was that I thought there was Polley and Conservation Act. There ls noth­ tion industries were in a depression and lay­ a detailed analysis made upon which to base ing in this inflationary process that remotely ing people off at an alarming rate. The prob­ the $70 billion that was given to consumer.:s resembles competitive market forces. lem at that time was lack of sales-not lack to stimulate spending in 1975. I should have Because lntlat1on causes unemployment of supplies. been more precise in formulating the ques­ and these are the two top national priorltles Also you imply that monetary factors could tion and specifying a time frame. The rea­ I suggest these dU!erences tn the perception have contributed to rising prices and costs. son this is important is that in the coming of what is happening in the real world be By monetary factors I am assuming you mean months voters are going to be inundated subjects of national discussion. These tnfla­ changes in the money supply and/or actions with accusations that government spend­ tlonary price actions have resulted ln the by the Federal Reserve Board. If this were ing has caused most of our economic prob- 25400 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 lems. I believe this spending was necessary exploration, production, distribution, price ful in communicating the worsening nature to keep a bad economic situation from get­ and mandatory conservation measures have of our economic situation. We are not in an ting worse. To me, having to incure the huge to be a responsibility of government and not expanding economy when we have a 6 per­ budget deficits, is like ignoring a small in­ be left to a few companies whose first priori­ cent "cost push" inflation unless the U.S. fected foot wound until ;you have to make ties (and rightly so) energy production and Government increases its budget deficits to a decision to cut off the leg or die of blood price decisions that are based on maximiz­ the point where it compensates for .inflation. poisoning. Had we taken price actions to ing profits-not economic stability. No government can keep this up without stabilize energy and other basic product The Canadian Government realizes there is creating serious financial problems. · For ex­ prices, in 1974, we would not now have per­ no free market for crude oil and has isolated ample, New York City, Great Britain, Italy, sistent inflation, millions jobless and gov­ its economy from foreign price actions by etc. ernmental financial problems at all levels buying foreign oil at one price and selling it REFERENCES with no relief in sight. to its refineries at another price. If prices in­ 1 National Energy Outlook, Federal Energy Here is one scenario that will provide a crease, the government loses money; if prices Administration, U.S. Government Printing feel for what would have happened if the ever decrease the government will make a Office, 1976, pp. 135. $70 billion had not been spent. On the aver­ profit. The important advantage is that 2 A Study of Coal Prices, Council on Wage age, about 20 percent of the selling prices energy prices within the U.S. will be stabil­ and Price Stability, U.S. Government Print­ of all products goes for wages. If all the $70 ized and the Nation's economy will be iso­ ing Office, pp. 1. billion were used to purchase products, it lated from OPEC actions. It has been my sin­ a Wholesale Price Statistics Reveal Dire would mean wage earners received $14 bil­ cere belief, since 1973, that this country will Economic Future, Congressional Record, lion of the $70 billion after it was spent. never have control over its economic destiny October 11, 1974, pp. 35315. There would be secondary ripple effects as if it maintains a policy that allows its eco­ Prepared by: Matthew J. Kerbec, President, they spent the $14 billion. However, suppose nomic health to be a function of the whims Output Systems Corp., 2300 S. Ninth Street the $70 billion had not been spent. This of foreign leaders whose interests differ from Arlington, Virginia 22204, (703) 521-2300 would mean $70 billion less would be spent ours. and labor would lose $14 billion in wages. 4B. Kerbec's Question: In October 1974, If each worker received an average annual Saudi Arabia's Petroleum Minister ordered DR. MAX M. NOVICH AUTHOR OF wage of $10,000.00 per year, it would have American oil companies to stop shipping BOOK: "HIGH ENERGY DIET FOR cost about 1.4 million jobs or increased un­ Arabian oil to U.S. Armed Forces worldwide. DYNAMIC LIVING" employment by another 1.5 percent in addi­ The companies stopped shipments. Do you tion to many other side effects. For those think the U.S. should tolerate a situation in who argue Government spending always which a foreign power can order American HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN adds to inflation there is a problem in ex­ companies to withhold vital supplies from plaining why after spending $70 billion in our military services? What is your fix for OF NEW JERSEY 1975 inflation dropped from 12.2 annually this type of situation until we can at least IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in December 1974 to 7.0 percent in De­ reach energy independence? Tuesday, August 3, 1976 cember 1975. Van Horne's Answer: Certainly not, this I believe the effects of Government spend­ sort of pressure is detrimental to our na­ Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, ,three re­ ing should be discussed nationally. tional security. The OPEC boycott was ef­ markable persons: my close friend, Dr. 4A. Kerbec's Question: Are you in favor of fective only because we are so dependent on Max M. Novich, and Ted and Jean Kauf­ stabilizing the U.S. economy by having the foreign oil. The solution to this problem is man, have coauthored a fascinating book U.S. Government buy all foreign oil and sell to become less dependent on insecure sources it to our refineries at some fixed price? of foreign oil. This is the goal of Project In­ called, "High Energy Diet for Dynamic Van Horne's Answer: No, we do not be­ dependence. As on specific measure, the na­ Living." I am sure that thousands of per­ lieve it is the government's proper role to tion is currently establishing a strategic sons interested in this important area buy foreign oil and sell it to U.S. refineries. stockpile of petroleum to mitigate any ad­ will find it beneficial. Procurement and distribution of imported verse effects of supply disruptions. The Sunday Star Ledger, of Newark, oil is properly the function of the petroleum Kerbec's Comment: For all practical pur­ N.J., covered this fine book in a feature industry. Additionally, such a mechanism poses Project Independence has been a huge article, so I hereby insert it with special would implicitly subsidize consumption of . failure. As of July 1976, we are importing pride, because it was coauthored by Dr. petroleum and thereby impact unfavorably more OPEC oil than ever before. This despite on its efficient use and conservation. the huge price increases received by domestic Novich, whose talents are considerable. Kerbec's Comment: I certainly question oil companies. Compared to 1973, the costs Max M. Novich is the chief of staff of the statement that "it is not the Govern­ for refined petroleum products to consumers the United Hospitals Orthopedic Center, ment's proper role to buy foreign oil and sell and industrial users has jumped over 100 Hospital of Crippled Children and Adults it to U.S. refineries." I believe, when energy percent. From January 1974 to June 1975 in­ in Newark and clinical associate pro­ is in real or threatened short supply, it is creases in refined oil prices alone have fessor of orthopedic surgery at the Col­ mandatory that the problem be dealt with drained away about $130 billion. Of this, lege of Medicine and Dentistry of New the same urgency as would be given air or about $42.5 billion went to pay foreign oil water shortages. There can be energy without Jersey. He was team physician for the producers. The rest, $87.5 billion was pure is an industrialized economy but there cannot "ripoff" as we paid more for less oil products. U.S. AAU boxing team, and a mem­ be an industrialized economy without energy, It was this process that led me to coin the ber of the U.S. Olympic Boxing Com­ regardless of the system of government. As term "Oil Price Syndrome" (produce less, mission and the President's Commission many others anq I have stated, there can be charge more) . There is a snowballing atti­ on Olympic Sports. He is also team phy­ no economic stability when most prices for tude, by many businessmen-that if oil can sician for the U.S. Maccabiah teams. energy in the U.S. are fixed by foreign gov­ do it, so can we. Jean and Ted Kaufman, gourmet cooks ernments. In the light of our ·past experi­ While the "ripoff" aspects of this huge and nutritionists, have coauthored "The ences with OPEC, I cannot see how the U.S. redistribution of wealth will overshadow the Government can justify jeopardizing the Na­ Complete Bread Cookbook," "Cooking for newsworthiness of the Watergate scandals Two," "Low-Cost Gourmet Cooking," and tion's economic health and security by put­ when this story is finally told, the real trag­ ting its economy at the mercy of a foreign edy lies in the fact that this has caused un­ several other volumes. monopoly. told human suffering by senior citizens who TRIO CONCOCTS ACTION DIET FOR Also there is an important conservation ha~e to exist on fixed in\'.:omes and has re­ SIT-DOWN TYPE WORKERS element in thiS equation. It is a truism that sulted in severe hardships for those who have (By Joan Whitlow) we are running out of oil in that we are using lost their jobs through no fault of their it up faster than evolutionary processes are The hyperactive executive and today's own. businessman or woman needs a special kind replacing it. The Federal Energy Administra­ The total economic damage resulting from tion in its report "National Energy Outlook, of diet, not just for losing weight but for the direct and economic ripple effects have living, according to a new book co-authored 1976" has admitted, "It is highly uncertain started a chain reaction that wm be with how much oil remains to be found and pro­ by orthopedic surgeon Dr. Max M. Novich of us for many years. Under present U.S. energy South Orange. duced." This is a startling statement. Under pricing policies that are aimed at getting these conditions, taking the position that The "High Energy Diet for Dynamic Liv­ all U.S. energy prices up to OPEC levels in ing" was written by Novich and the husband­ procurement and distribution of oil is a func­ the shortest possible time, there is no hope tion of only the oil industry shows an irre­ and-wife team of Ted and Jean Kaufman, for any real improvement. These concerns who have previously authored books on sponsible disregard for the short and long should be discussed nationally and in great nutrition and cooking. · term health of the Nation in terms of in­ depth. These are the gut issues of the day. suring adequate energy supplies at prices that Novich, who is chief of staff of the Hospital NoTE.-If it appears that any of the above for Crippled Children and Adults in Newark, allow sufficient purchasing power to the comments are unclear or misrepresent the and Clinical Associate Professor of Ortho­ people to maintain a production-consump­ facts, I will be glad to clarify them or pro­ pedic Surgery at the College of Medicine and tion balance that will promote the best in­ vi<' e further substantiation to support these Dentistry of New Jersey, specializes in the terests of all people. Many people feel that views. I only hope .that I have been success- physical conditioning of athletes and has August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25401

served as a team physican for the United standard schedule which would have severe ents in front of the house-holding an States Amateur Athletic Union Boxing team. · ad verse impacts upon the purchasers and Olympic fiag his father had hung on a pole The book is aimed at "action people" who operating costs of vehicles for all commercial by the driveway. Minutes later, a camerman are described as "hyperactive executives and travelers, cornered Kormann and asked him to hold the occupationally dynamic individuals of all Whereas, Representative John Dingell (D­ up the bronze medal he won for floor ex­ the professions," people who "employ a more MI) and James Broyhill (R-NC) intend to ercises. continuous use of brain power in their occu­ offer an amendment on the floor of the House Earlier in the day the latch holding the pations tha~ they do muscular energy." which would be a far more acceptable provi­ medal's chain broke. In addition to a diet plan, with menus, sion rn the law, For Kormann, 21, a Braintree High the book gives the "action person" tips for Whereas, the Dingell-Broyhill Amendment graduate, capturing the Bronze medal was getting through a day without undue stress would save consumers, including commercial a bittersweet climax to a frustrating week and mental fatigue. travelers, 9-15 billions of gallons of gasoline for the American team. Most of Kormann's The authors advise: and 30-41 billions of dollars of vehicle equip­ teammates planned to leave Montreal early "Several times during both the morning ment and maintenance costs over the next in the week, but stayed when Kormann and afternoon hours, get up from your work, decade, while at the same time providing qualified for the final Wednesday night. walk around the office or room several times, for the improved quality of air· that we "The guys were really excited for me," and take at least six to eight deep but nor­ breathe, he said, sitting 1n his backyard as neighbors mal breaths (do not hyperventilate). Re­ Therefore be it resolved, that the 246,000 offered congratulations. "They were beside member, even a little physical activity can members of the United Commercial Travelers themselves. I'm glad I eased their frustra­ relieve mental fatigue, and oxygen improves of America support the Dingell-Broyhill tion a little bit." mental alertness. Amendment and urge its adoption by the Although the American team performed During the latter part of the morning, en­ Congress of the·United States of America. with few errors in •35 of 36 exercises, they gage in a few simple exercises that can be repeatedly received low scores while East performed in an office. European teams scored much higher. About two hours after you have had your "All of us were just about in tears when lunch, put your work aside, 'olose shop' for PETER KORMANN, OLYMPIC we watched what was going on with the 10 to 15 minutes, and take a 'cat nap.' It will CHAMPION Russians in the second session," he said. refresh your mind and help you through the "They would make mistakes and still score remaining 'drain and lag' hours of the day." higher than we did. By the time we were Before getting into the "high energy diet" HON. JAMES A. BURKE finished with the compulsories we knew we the authors present information on food and OF MASSACHUSETTS couldn't place well." nutrition, with a table that shows how many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "I don't know," he added. "I guess I feel calories per minute different forms of activ­ about third place. Maybe my winning wlll ity will burn and detailed information on Tuesday, August 3, 1976 open up some doors for gymnastics 1n this why we need proteins, carbohydrates, vita­ Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. I al­ country. We need something." mins and minerals and how they are used by Kormann came from sixth place in the the body. _ ways look forward to the Olympic Games with a sense of excitement· and finals to win the bronze after performing a The diet itself is designed to be 1ow in the near-perfect routine including a full-twisting fats which have been associated with heart pride in the knowledge that our Amer­ double back (flip), a risky move that Kor­ disease, since "action people, with the can team will excel. The summer games mann had not tried for two months prior unique nature of their activities, are subject just completed in Montreal have sur­ to Friday. to stresses, strains and fatigue that may passed all expectations, with the excite­ "I knew that if I hit my regular routine place an undue load on the heart." ment of many new world records and and the Russians and Germans hit theirs, I And while the diet is not a weight-reduc­ American medals in all phases of the would lose," he said. "I could take a chance ing plan per se, it does &How about 340 that they'd make a mistake. The move was a calories less for men and 230 calories less for competition. The American athletes and coaches calculated risk." women than the National Research Council Kormann was frequently met by strangers usually recommends for daily caloric intake worked long and hard on their way to who would introduce themselves, offer con­ levels. Montreal, and they indeed deserve our gratulations and leave. Other Braintree ·resi­ The authors say they believe the sedentary support and high praise for their ex­ dents did not stop at the house, but drove activities of most of the population predis­ cellent representation. by honking their car horns. pose persons to obesity, and it is therefore I am particularly proud of a young "I saw you shaking hands with one of the better to leave a little "caloric room" in the man from Braintree, Mass., who scored Communists, on television,'' one neighbor diet. said to Kormann. Basically, the diet presents a balanced a major upset in the gymnastic competi­ tion. In a sport traditionally dominated "Good," Kormann replied, "they shake menu plan which stresses lean meats, fish hands too." Some residents brought their and poultry, the use of only three eggs per by East European nations, Peter Kor­ children so Kormann oould shake their week, and reduction of fats to reduce oholes: mann came from behind in the gymnas­ hands. Kormann's father, Martin, even hired terol. The recipe section includes desserts tics floor exercises to capture the bronze several Braintree policemen in anticipation which make more use of fruits than sugar, medal for the United States. I saw and a number of ways to dress up vegetables. of heavy traffic on the street. Peter's performance on television and Kormann plans to remain at home until was amazed by his skills and total per­ Aug. 1 when he leaves to teach junior high fection. I am sure I join with all the gymnastics at a friend's camp in Strouds­ COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS SUPPORT Members of Congress in congratulating burg, Pa. Two weeks later, he will travel to Peter Kormann on his achievement. China with seven other American gymnasts DINGELL-BROYHILL (TRAIN) for a series of exhibitions and competitions AMENDMENT Mr. Speaker, I would like to share for ABC television. with my colleagues a Boston Globe In September, Kormann y.rill begin his article on Olympic champion Peter senior year at Southern Connecticut State HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Kormann and his return to Braintree, college and start training for the world OF MICHIGAN Mass.: gymnastics championships in Paris. He also IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BRINGING THE BRONZE TO BRAINTREE hopes to compete in the 1980 Olympics, but (By Peter Mancusi) said he and many other American gymnasts Tuesday, August 3, 1976 will make their final decisions after seeing Peter Kormann arrived home in Brain­ whether the judges who plagued them 1n Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the United tree yesterday afternoon hoping to relax Montreal have improved. Commercial Travelers of America have and watch television. "I want to compete in 1980," said Kor­ written in support of the amendment Instead Kormann, the first American in 44 mann. "But if this (poor judging) happens Congressman BROYHILL and I will off er to years to _win an Olympic men's gymnastic again, a lot of us are going to say forget it. the Clean Air Act amendments. medal, came home to a house full of friends, We just haven't been getting the scores, and relatives and reporters who quickly killed that's the maximum goal in the Olympics A resolution adopted by the organiza­ any hopes of catching the remainder of the tion is inserted at this point: Olympics on TV. for a gymnast." Whereas, the United Commercial Travelers Kormann and two friends surprised the Kormann's birother, Paul, 16, also hopes of America is an organization comprised of group gathered at his home at 154 Middle to go to the 1980 Olympics. He will be co­ members whose livelihoods are dependent st., when they arrived at 5 p.m., two hours captain of Braintree High's gymnastic team upon the automobile, earlier than expected. next year which is expected to win its seventh Whereas, the Clean Air Act Amendment of "I'm really surprised, everyone ls so ex­ consecutive state gymnastics championship 1976 (H.R. 10498) contains an auto emission cited," he said, after posing with his par- under coach Joseph Schuhwerk. 25402' EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 TELEVISION VIOLENCE CAUSE FOR percent from 1963 to 1973. The rise was en­ leading when implemented a.s e. basis for CONCERN tirely due to deaths by violence. social policy-and their concern that it might The average American child will view the be one reason for the carefully guarded killing of more than 13,000 persons on tele­ language and qualified statements that have HON. PAUL SIMON vision from the time he is 5 until he is 15. frustrated parents and policymakers. A Nielsen survey finds preschoolers watch There are those who support the violence OF ILLINOIS an average of 54 hours a. week, or seven to findings who say, however, that too much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eight hours every day. Even ta.king out academic wa.ffiing can be equally dangerous. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 Sesame Street, that leaves the kids daily One of the most outspoken members of watching dozens of stabbings, shootings, this camp has been Leona.rd D. Eron, editor Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, I have long sluggings, and beatings. of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology and opposed censorship and have fought the The prestigious New England Journal of chairman of the department of psychology at civil liberties battle during my years in Medicine broke tradition recently with a the Chicago Circle campus of the University the IDinois General Assembly, during 4 long article by Anne R. Somers, a. professor of Illinois. a.t Rutgers Medical SOhool, which began, Eron directed a widely discussed study of years as Lieutenant Governor, and I "For a. considerable proportion of American 875 boys and girls in a semirural county of trust that my record here in Congress children and youth, violence has become a. New York. The study began in 1960, when continues to reflect the belief that the major health problem." the subjects were third-graders, a.nd ended battle for freedom must constantly be Prof. Somers thoroughly documents the a decade later, a year after high school. fought. change in youthful behavior coinciding with Eron's conclusion was clear cut: "One of I do not believe it 18 an infringement the flood of the televised violence. the best predictors of how aggressive a boy of fundamental civil liberties to recog­ Youngsters before the advent of TV saw will be at age 19 is the violence of television nize that excessive violence on our tele­ some dramatized violence. Saturday after­ programs he prefers a.t age 8." Aggression noon movie matinees were popular. But was defined a.s "an act which injures or irri­ vision screens is not healthy for this other than that children genera.Uy were tates another person." And the finding was Nation: The same is true for movies. I denied access to theater or other dramatic that an 8-yea.r-old boy who prefers a. heavy recall when my wife and I saw the movie entertainment. diet of violent television will be-more aggres­ "The Godfather" in St. Louis; when it Now most American children spend more sive a.t 19 as a direct result of watching the came to the scene where someone was time watching televised entertainment in electronic violence. being beaten up in front of a fire hydranJt their homes than they spend in school. It Discussing the study, Eron rejected the the audience cheered. It was a ch1lling is bound to have a.n impact, a.nd anyone interpretation that later aggression is merely who thinks TV isn't a factor in the 100 per­ a. reflection of the original preference for tel­ experience for me. evision violence-that violence-prone chil­ I do not believe we can present movies cent rise in murders since 1960 is living in dreamy dreamland. dren watch violent TV. like that without some civil liberties The editor of the New England Journal "We controlled for that," he said. "So if problems. followed the Somers article with this: "The you take those kids who were nonaggressive I do believe that we do not need to American Medical Association, 1! it is really at age 8 but preferred and watched violent make the licensed airwaves of the United ready to fight this environmental disease, TV, a.t age 19 they were significantly more States available for such violence. should appoint a. panel that will identify aggressive than children who were aggressive the progrS1ms most notorious for their rou­ at age 8 but watched nonviolent TV. Which I am inserting a column written re­ indicates it's the TV violence causing the cently by an old friend, Jack Mabley, tine and persistent portrayal of violence. aggression, rather than the other way who had this column in the Chicago "Once these programs have been so iden­ around." Tribune appropriately on July 4, and an tified, let the list be posted in doctors' offices. That's boys. For girls, the study found in­ The appUcation of the boyoott ls then dtca.tions that "viewing television violence article by William Braden, a veteran re­ straightforward: those who believe that vio­ porter for the Chicago Sun-Times in that may lead to lessened aggression." lence on TV must be contained will simply Among Eron's explanations for this is that publication. pledge themselves not to purchase products television ma.y provide girls a vicarious out­ The articles follow: promoted in association with the offending let for aggression not socially acceptable in [From the Chica.go Tribune, Sunday, July 4, programs. females. Furthermore, there are fewer ag­ 1976] · " ... Or shall we medicos and our spouses gressive females on television for a girl to THE ALMIGHTY BUCK MIGHT SAVE You YET a.nd friends sit back, as we have been do­ imitate. Girls on television are usually vic­ ing, and fold our hands over continued (By Jack Mahley) tims of aggression-or passive observers. So bellies, while the after-dinner entertainment girls a.re more likely to feel the aversive con­ There is one motivation for TV producers of our children shows that nothing can be sequences of aggression. and writers and networks to put violence accomplished in this world without brass But times are changing, e.s Eron noted. in shows, and for sponsors to pay for them. knucks, kicks in the groin, switch blades, There a.re now more aggressive females on The motivation ls the almighty buck. Vio­ or Saturday night specials." the tube, from Maude to Wonder- Woman, lence is the quick and easy way to gain The American Medical Associa. tion con­ and girls in experimental situations are now attention and pa.ck one dramatization and vened in Dallas last week and took a. tough for the first time "getting aggression scores its solution into 25 or 30 minutes. stand on TV violence. just as high as boys." There is one motivation that can reduce They voted to encourage doctors to "ac­ There has been less research into the im­ violence on television-the almighty buck. tively oppose" ho.th the programs and their pact of movie violence. But other studies Two a.venues ca.n effectively communicate commercial sponsors. suggest that movie-theater films, 1! any­ public disapproval of TV violence. The first Recognition by medical science of vio­ thing, a.re more likely than television to pro­ can start today. The second ls tougher. lence as a health problem that is taking duce aggressive behavior. The first is to refuse to support com­ thousands of lives ls a. significant step. Some of Eron's critics argue that, while he panies which ~ponsor the programs. This They must have support from the rest of us. ma.y be right, concentrating on media. vio­ action can be taken individually or lence may distract the public's attention collect!vely. (From the Chicago Sun-Times, May 9, 1976) from social conditions and other factors that The other approach is to oppose renewal of DEFINITE "No" TO FILM VIOLENCE contribute to antisocial aggression. licenses of stations which carry excessive "A lot of factors ca.use violence," said Eron. violence. Networks are not .licensed, but in­ (By William Braden) "A child may be predisposed to violence by dividual stations are. The air waves belong Simple question: "Does watching violence his genes, or his home, or hls social situation. to the public, and the stations have the on television and movie screens make some And none of that should be ignored. But privilege of getting rich through use of children more violent?" those factors a.re very ha.rd to control, and our air space a.t our tolerance. They are Simple answer: "Yes." media viol~nce ls something we can control. not only getting rich, they are destroying That ls now the prevailing opinion of the It you reduce the a.mount of exposure to the moral fabric of the nation. scientific community, based on massive re­ media. violence, you reduce the amount of Is that a little extreme? The National search. It is the conclusion reached by most later violent behavior. A child may still be­ Commission on the Ca.uses and Prevention of social scientists-psychologists and sociolo­ come a violent a.dult--but he'll be less Violence, chaired by Milton Eisenhower, gists-who have studied the influence of violent than he might have been." stated: entertainment media violence on behavior. Eron says the critical period for exposure "Television enters powerfully into the The Sun-Times interviewed scores of sci­ to media violence are the formative yea.rs, learning process of children and teaches entists a.t universities 'and major research between 6 and 12 perhaps, or even up to age them a set of moral and social values about centers across the nation. And even the mi­ 18 in some individuals who are slow to de­ violence whioh a.re inconsistent with the nority of dissenters agreed it is now the ma­ velop. After 18, he said, the effect of such standards of civilized society . . . chldren jority view that make-believe violence breeds exposure 1s transient. It doesn't last and be­ can a.nd do learn aggressive behavior :from real violence. come a. pa.rt of the individual's over-all what they see in a film or on a. TV screen." Many dissenters warned that such a. starkly character or personality. The death rate for ages 15 to 24 rose 16 stated conclusion could be dangerously m18- Other critics a.re more concerned with an- · August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25403 other aspect of entertainment-media vio­ Because no real answers are likely to Ha.ving children intensifiies all the strains, lence. They worry about its impact on a be found without a more general under­ of course, yet almost all the young couples possi:ble majority of the population who may standing from employers and the public, Mrs. Light has counselled individually and react to it by becoming not more aggressive in special group discussions had definitely but more fearful and docile. And a leading I am inserting the following article by decided to have children evenrtua.lly. Most spokesman for this view is George Gerbner, Alan Otten of the Wall Street Journal: caireer wives, though, now plan to have the dean of the Annenberg School of Comm?ni­ [From the Wall Street Journal, July 29, 1976] children later, after their own oa.reers have cations at the University of Pennsylvarua. Two-CAREER COUPLES been firmly launched. Then when they have The theory, in brief, is that persons who (By Alan L. Otten) the children, they figure, they can resume watch a lot of television imagine the real part-time or full-time work more easily. world is much more violent and dangerous Both husband and wife planned careers in investment banking in New York, but Even then, though, trials abound: corpor­ than tt actually is. They see themselves as ate discrimination against women who drop banking firms didn't like the idea of hlr~ng potential victims, not aggressors. And this out to have babies, parental guilt feelings mskea them distrustful of other persons and a person whose spouse might be workmg for a competitor. So she's agreed to look that the children will be neglected, argu­ more submissive to social authority figures ments over which pa.rent comes home to take (symbolized by all those television cops and for another type of financial job. A young professor wanted to stay at Har­ the sick child to the doctor. sheriffs). With· problems so perplexing, just what But Ger:bner said the view represented by vard, but his wife couldn't get a teaching post there. So he's switched to a less presti­ help can Mrs. Light offer? The most im­ Eron "ls probably correct, in terms of our gious university, but one where they both portant thing, she tells her couples, is to try assessment of the evidence." to think and talk about q,uesttons in ad­ The layman has to take that view on are guaranteed tenure. . Another woman, a Russian expert, sought vance. The woman, for example, should try faith, because it is based on sophisticated to figure out whether she really will be able statistical techniques such as cross-lagged to live in the Soviet Union a couple of years to further her career. Her husband is a statis­ to juggle all the different roles, and find out correlations, pa.th analysis and multlpl~ re­ just what her husband will do to help. gression (the experts themselves sometrmes tical consultant whose contracts and career would be unsettled by going there with her. "Talking things over and trying to antici­ appear bewildered by their tool·s). And. vir­ pate trouble spots isn't going to solve all the tually all of Eron's critics in the Sun-Times They haven't yet solved their dilemma. As these examples suggest, conflicts and problems," Mrs. Light declares. "But then at survey saJd--on and off the record-that his lea.st they don't come up and hit you in conclusions were indeed "probably correct." potential conflicts between career-seeking marriage partners a.re becoming common and the face with quite the same force." And, 'They quarreled with the statistical model he she adds, "there a.re few if any institutional used to reach those conclusions. And most complex. Expert testimony to this effect­ and some helpful hints for ea.sing the con­ devices that w111 help two career couples of them said the almost infinite number of make it work. Above all, they have to be very variables involved well may preclude the flicts-come from Patricia Light, chief psy­ chologist in the office of career development creative and flexible." possibility that the sanctity of science ever If one is offered a good opportunity in a. will permit a definitive answer to the at the Harvard Business School. When Mrs. Light took on the job several city 200 miles from where the other is hap­ question. pily at work, perhaps they oan live in be­ That fact-e.nd a lot of jargon--obscured years ago, she expected to deal chiefly with traditional student difficulties: personality tween and commute dally in opposite direc­ the value of an otherwise impressive report tions. Quite a few couples, she finds, are will­ published in 1972 by a special committee ap­ problems, identity crises, overwork, depres­ sion. To her surprise, she found that one of ing to consider living apart in different cities pointed. by the U.S. surgeon general (then during the week and just spending weekends Jesse Steinfeld). The report on the impact the most common calls for help came from young couples anxious over how they were together; "they argue that's not so di.t!erent of television violence on children was so from the situation where one partner ts al­ qualified that all sides used it to support going to manage to handle sepa.rate oa.reers. "There's absolutely no question that the ways traveling and away from home any­ their positions. Also obscured was subse­ how." quent testimony at a congressional hearing two career couple is a direction in which we will continue to go, and probably at an One partner may have to change his or by Steinfeld, who said: her career goal. A wife who's an expert on "While the committee report is carefully accelerating pace," declares Mrs. Light, her­ self half of a two career marriage; her hus­ international finance ought to be working phrased and qualified in language acceptable in Europe or ~ew York, but her engineer to social scientists, it is clear to me that the band teaches at the Harvard School of Education, and they have two small children. husband wants a career with a manufac­ causal relationsh.Lp between televised vio­ turing firm in a small Midwestern city. So lence and antisocial behavior ts sufficient to Higher education levels, the feminist move­ ment, efforts to limit population growth, she's now looking for a teaching job in uni­ warrant appropriate and immediate remedial versities near that clty. action. The data on social phenomena such and other factors all push the trend to two career or dual career marriages, Mrs. Light More couples, too, Mrs. Light says, as television and violence and/or aggressive "seem to have the idea that they can alter­ behavior will never be clear enough for all believes. And, she warns, business firms a.re sooner nate cycles of opportunity--one partner's social sctentists to agree on a formulation of career being the prime concern for a few a succinct statement of ca.usaUt.y. But the.re or later going to have to change many per­ sonnel policies if they want to compete to yea.rs, and then the other career getting comes a time when the data are sufficient to priority." And when a corporation asks a justify action. That time has come." hire these bright young men and women. In most fa.m1lies where both husband and young executive to transfer to another city, And that statement was made five yea.rs the wife's situation is increasingly a factor ago. wife work, they labor at more or less routine jobs and chiefly to enlarge family income. in his decision. "It's no longer certain," In two career marriages, however, money 1s Mrs. Light says, "that a young man with a rarely the major motivation; each partner, career wife will automatically a.ccept a trans­ TWO-CAREER COUPLES usuaJly well educated, alms to advance fer to a pl~ce that gives the wife a mediocre steadily in the chosen business or profession, career opportunity." seeking psychological as well as fiI118.nc1al Another of Mrs. Light's precepts ts the saitisfaction. need to be realistic in estimating how much HON. DONALD M. FRASER can really be accomplished. She cites "Dottie's OF MINNESOTA MANY FACETS INVOLVED fanta.sy"-the case of a talented, hard-driv:­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The dual career problem has many facets, ing young woman clearly headed for the top Tuesday, August 3, 1976 of course. One is the issue, still f·a.ced chiefly of a major corporation. Yet Dottie also sees by women, of role confilcts. Despite women's herself sitting on the sofa each night read­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, one of the Uberation, Mrs. Light finds, society generally ing bedtime stories to two freshly-scrubbed seemingly permanent social changes st:ll expects a married career woman to con­ kiM. that has come out of the sixties is the tinue to fulfill also the tradittonal roles of "For her, time is elastic," Mrs. Light ob­ increasing number of well-educated, companion, housekeeper, mother, hostess. serves. "She thinks she can have everything, "Things are beginning to change," Mrs. as long as she's w1lling to work harder and highly motivated young women who are. Ltght says, "but very slowly. The burden of run faster." But that's extremely naive, Mrs. interested in careers and marriage with proof still fa.Us on the wife if the souffie for Light believes. To get to the top wm require children. These are the female graduates the dinner party falls or if the kids don't long days and lots of travel-and Dottie's in l1aw, medicine, business administra­ have clean clothes for school. Men are for the simply not going to have much time for tion, and other professions who are try­ most part still shielded culturally from this children. ing to work out a new accommodation to sort of role strain. Typically, unless famUy "Two career couples," Mrs. Light asserts, needs reach crisis proportions, people 'just "must set priorities, make choices, accept the multiple problems of the two-career tre.deoffs.•• marriage: how to handle the conflict­ naturally expect the man to put the demands o! W'Ork first." CAREFUL PLANNING NEEDED ing demands of two professions in one Confiict a.rises in many other ways, too. family, whose job should take precedence Even more than for most people, time How much competition will the partners feel and energy are critically scarce resources in conflicting situations, how to resolve with ea.ch other? If career opportunitties !or two career couples, a.nd their use must mutual responsibilities for the care of clash, which career gives way? What is each be carefully planned, Mrs. Light advises. children, and so forth. partner prepared to do for the other's career? "Spontaneity may be great," she says, "but 25404 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 two career couples will find that planning Again, while they promise to honor the Two years after the pardon, after the reve­ ahead helps make things work-that allo­ late Dr. Martin Luther King by making lations of the sins of previous Presidents cating your time and energy carefully keeps his birthday a national holiday, they are are laid alongside those of Nixon's men, it you from chasing your tail." This means not is clear that what, the Left was after was only planning flexible work patterns but also silent about the persecution of Dr. King not justice, but Nixon. For 18 months they planning relaxed time together and even conducted by the last two Democratic had been mainlining it on Wate.rgate. And time alone for each partner. Presidents, Kennedy and Johnson. the individual, no matter his name, who cut A career couple must be willing, too, to Jimmie Carter and WALTER MONDALE off the supply, who put them through cold spend their money to save time and energy: are setting a new standard for cynicism, turkey, would earn their eternal enmity. Ford, to buy labor-saving appliances, to hire peo­ and Mr. Buchanan's article is prime, but courageously, chose to be that man. ple to do household jobs, to employ a re­ by no means complete, evidence of what Because of his single act in September, liable and sympathetic person to take care 1974, this nation entered its Bicentennial far of the children during working hours and to they are up to. less divided, with a political climate far less hire baby-sitters frequently to give them­ [From the Chicago Tribune, July 27, 1976] poisoned than it would have been had that selves ample diversion. APOSTLES OF LOVE ARE RANKLED decision been left to those who were profit­ They must work out what each partner (By Patrick Buchanan) ing personally, psychologically, and politically has to do for the children. Mrs. Light's hus­ from the Watergate circus. band, for example, is on full-time child-car­ WASHINGTON .-Former First Lady Pat Nix­ ing duty two weekday afternoons and she's on was still at Long Beach Hospital recover­ on duty the other three; they usually can ing from a stroke when a grinning Walter trade if an office crisis develops for him or Mond:ale gripped the lectern at the Demo- AFFIDAVITS CLAIM 1960 NIXON TIE her. Two career couples with children must cratic National Convention. Sniffing out the TO CUBAN PLOT also develop a strong relationship with the · mood of ~is audience, the vice presi~~ntial children's caretaker, Mrs. Light says, so that choice of what.~immy Carter calls the party the caretaker has a clear idea of how the par- of compassion ripped into President Ford HON. DAWSON MATHIS ents want disciplinary and other child-rear- for having interrupted the prosecution of OF GEORGIA ing troubles handled former President Nixon. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And they must show creativity in work- .. Carter was up next. "Our country," he said, ing out relationships with their employers. nhas li".ed through a ~~me of .torment. It is Tuesday, August 3, 1976 One acquaintance starts work an hour later ow a tune for healing. Carters idea of heal­ than her co-workers, having taken the chil- ing was to tear the scab off the Watergate Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, I note with dren to school first Her husband leaves work wound and remind his cheering audience great interest the news reports concern­ for 40 minutes ea~h day at 3: 15, to pick up that "bigshot crooks," !1're going free. ing the John F. Kennedy assassination the kids and take them to a babysitter. Both Two years after Fords magnanimous par­ material which my colleague from Vir­ husband and wife make up the lost time don of his predecessor-t against charity-just charity toward the select committee of the House. If certain do it.. N1xons. They are not against pardons, either. Cuban elements were in any way respon­ J~t as two career couples are going to have In fact, they plan to dole out about 5,000 sible for President Kennedy's death, let to learn to compromise and adjust so will pardons the first week they are in office-to us determine that. If former President many companies Mrs Light believe~ the draft dodgers who ran away to Canada They'll have t~ per.mit SO?ll.e empioyes to and Sweden when other, better young men Nixon had been associated with such work unusual hours refrain from penalizing went off to fight and die in Viet Nam in groups, and if the "White House tapes" an employe who tur{is down a transfer, guar- what Carter likes to call our "racist" war. do, in fact, refer to such an association, antee that women who drop out to have Seeing the apostles of love up there stoking let us determine that. If the material babies can return to their old career levels, the embers of revenge was not the only para.­ released yesterday is not true, let us de­ and perhaps provide new routes to top man- dox at the Madison Square Garden termine that. agement that are easier for a man or woman convention. Mr. Speaker, the time has come to in a dual career marriage to follow. We heard endlessly about the abuses of "We're not going to see major change in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the settle these and many other disturbing business attitudes overnight," Mrs. Light Central Intelligence Agency-nothing about questions about the Kennedy assassina­ concedes. "Many companies will insist that the principal abusers, Presidents Kennedy tion. We have waited long enough. I am all this simply isn't their problem. and Johnson. confident a majority of my colleagues "But more companies are going to recog- We heard corruption in government de- would support the resolution to estab­ nize that a very different group of young nounced. And the oratory was applauded by lish an investigating committee, if it people is coming out of the colleges and uni- enthusiasts of a fighting 94th Congress which came to the floor for a vote. I strongly versities today, and that corporate policies has distinguished itself by the amount of urge the Committee on Rules to allow must accommodate to some extent. Other- boodle it has extracted from the taxpayers wise, they're going to lose out on getting and the number of trollups it has put on the House that opportunity. the services of some extremely talented young the payroll. AFFIDAVITS CLAIM 1960 NIXON Tm To CUBAN people." One of the more appropriate pledges was PLOT the promise to make the birthday of the Rep. Thomas Downing (D-Va.) released Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. a national holi­ sworn statements yesterday quoting an anti­ CARTER AND MONDALE STIRRING day. It is fitting that Democrats should take Castro Cuban exile leader as claiming he had the lead here, since it was their last two an agreement with then-Vice President UP HATE presidents who wiretapped the telephones and Nixon in 1960 for "elimination" of leftist bugged the bedroom of the late civil rights Cuban exiles after the Bay of Pigs invasion. leader. Downing said he had no way of validating HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL One wonders what went through the mind the information and was in no position to OF ILLINOIS of "Daddy" King, delivering his benediction vouch for its authenticity. to a convention which contained politicians He said he released the statements only be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and press who knew, and kept silent, during cause they are sworn and part of a package Tuesday, August 3, 1976 the early 1960s when the agencies of a Demo­ of documents raising the possib111ty that cratic administration were gathering and dis­ President Kennedy was assassinated by right­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, in a col­ tributing dirt on his murdered son. wing Cuban exiles who felt betrayed because umn which appeared in the July 27 edi­ But, back to the pardon of Nixon. While promises that they thought they had from tion of the Chicago Tribune, Pat Bu­ controversial and ~ostly, it remains the most Nixon had not been kept in the Bay of Pigs chanan exposes the hypocrisy of Messrs. presidential decision of Ford's abbreviated invasion. Carter and MONDALE by noting that term in office. True, it produced a firestorm, The two sworn statements were made this while, on the one hand, they talk about but it was the last firestorm. It lanced the month by Mario Kohly Jr., son of the late boil that had been festering, at great cost healing and compassion, on the other Cuban leader who claimed the agreement to the nation, for 18 months. with Nixon, and Robert Morrow, an author they unleash the most hateful diatribes Left to the Democrats or liberal press, we who says he was a Central Intelligence against President Ford for his pardon would still be recycling the garbage, replaying Agency contract employee. of Richard Nixon. the tapes. Morrow's statement says that the elder August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25405 Kohly said the agreement was made on his spective national politics are much more the European Parliament, boundaries pledge to have his 42,000 underground forces important than their part-time partici­ must be drawn. For all countries, the po­ inside Cuba, as well as 300 to 400 guerrillas pation in the European Parliament. litical parties must begin selecting can­ in the Escambrey Mountains, support an in­ vasion by CIA-trained Cuban exiles. Under the procedure approved last didates in 1977 also. Kohly Jr. says in his sworn statement: "I month by the Council of Ministers all Finally, the delicate work of creating was told that Vice President Nixon had agreed nine member countries of the Commu­ new European political parties must be­ to the elimination of the leftist approved nity will vote in the same period-prob­ gin. The Christian Democratic parties CUban Revolutionary Front leaders at a time ably over 3 days to take into account have already announced the European when the island would be invaded by the exile national differences-in May 1978. The Peoples Party to coordinate their work troops trained under the direction of the electorates of the nine countries will in the nine countries. The Liberals have Central Intelligence Agency." choose from a slate of candidates pro­ Besides withholding U.S. air cover from started a similar movement. The Social­ the Bay of Pigs invasion when it began to posed by the major political groups in ists and other parties must soon begin fail, Kennedy stood in the way of a plan anti­ each country. The Parliament to be the same effort. Castro Cuban leaders were preparing in the elected will serve for 5 years. The regional differences within our fall of 1963 for a second invasion, Morrow In the 1978 election, national proce.:. own country should allow us to under­ said. dures will be followed but the parliament stand the difficulties inherent in this po­ thus elected will be required to prepare litical integration. Party platforms must a uniform election law for 1983. For the be drawn, for example, by the European DIRECT ELECTIONS FOR EUROPEAN 1978 election, member countries will be Socialists which can apply to Scottish PARLIAMENT ' allowed to decide individually, for ex­ shipyard workers and to Italian farm ample, whether members of the Euro­ workers. The powerful Christian Demo­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER pean Parliament .may also be members crats of the Federal Republic of Ger­ of their national parliaments, which is. many must work with the small and di­ OF MINNESOTA presently mandatory. It is anticipated vided Christian parties of the Nether­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that over the longer time, this "dual lands to find co'mmon ground. In each Tuesday, August 3, 1976 mandate" will prove increasingly un­ country, alliances and allegiances must Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the Euro­ workable as the workload of the Euro­ develop to bind the interests of peoples pean Community is about to start an his­ pean Parliament grows. separated for centuries. toric political process which will culmi­ One of the major obstacles to the 1978 As our own country marks its 200th nate with direct elections for its Parlia­ elections, resolved successfully by the anniversary, we should follow with inter­ ment in May 1978. This decision was Council of Ministers, was the size of the est and enthusiasm the efforts of Europe made last month by the Community's delegation chosen by each country. The to create, as we did in other, perhaps eas­ Council of Ministers. It culminates 25 following paragraphs show the present ier times, a unity from diversity. This is years of discussion of an elected all­ and new distribution of seats. the significance of the decision last European assembly: it follows by 19 years Germany, present share, 36; new share, 81; month to build, for the first time, a par­ the explicit commitment by the Euro­ percent of all seats, 19.8; percent of EEC liament uniting the peoples of Western population, 24.1. Europe. pean Community, in its Treaty of Rome, Britain, present share, 36; new share, 81; to elect directly its Parliament. percent of all seats, 19.8; percent of EEC pop­ JOHN WARNER The significance of this· decision lies ulation, 21.8. not only in the enhanced quality of Italy, present share, 36; new share, 81; democracy within the Community, itself percent of all seats, 19.8; percent of EEC pop­ HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD ulation, 21.4. a major improvement over the present OF PENNSYLVANIA France, present share, 36; new share, 81; system of appointing members of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES European Parliament from the nine na­ percent of all seats, 19.8; percent of EEC pop­ ulation, 20.4. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 tional parliaments. Rather, the most im­ Holland, present share, 14; new share, 25; portant result of this decision may be percent of all seats, 6.1; percent of EEC pop­ Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. the development of trans-European ulation, 5.2. Speaker, as we remember the splendid political parties. Belgium, present share 14; new share, 24; celebration of our Bicentennial July 4, Until now, the Parliament, which has percent of all seats, 5.9; percent of EEC pop­ we must also acknowledge the tireless operated since the Treaty of Rome went ulation, 3.8. efforts of a Bicentennial Commission into effect in 1958, has functioned with a Denmark, present share, 10; new share 16; which made such a peaceful and orderly percent of all seats, 3.9; percent of EEC pop­ lack of authority strikingly similar to ulation, 1.9. celebration possible. that which burdene'd our own Congress Ireland, present share, 10; new share 15; The American people owe much of the during the years of Confederation. The percent of all seats, 3.7; percent of EEC popu­ effectiveness of the Commission to its obvious difference comes in the political lation, 1.2. Administrator John W. Warner, who bore units represented in each assembly; our Luxembourg, present share, 6; new share, the responsibility of coordinating and original States had been colonies until 6; percent of all seats, 1.5; percent of EEC organizing much of the national activity. the Revolutionary War and lacked, population, 0.2. On the Fourth of July, 1976, Americans therefore, a strong historical sense of Total, present share, 198; new share, 410; percent of all seats, 100; percent of EEC pop­ properly celebrated the 200 years of unity and community. The European ulation, 100. greatness made possible by the sacrifice countries which the Community and its and dedication of its people. The Ameri­ Parliament seek to unify have existed An election nearly 2 years hence may can people are proud of John Warner's for many centuries. They still possess seem remote as our country prepares for dedication and his.part in helping Amer­ strong elements of national resistence to its national election in less than 3 ica celebrate those two centuries of the goals of political unification to which months but for the European Commu­ greatness. I would like to insert into the their respective governments have nity 2 years may be barely enough time RECORD the following editorial from the pledged themselves. to prepare for direct elections. Between July 22 issue of Fauquier Democrat, The present Parliament has, however, now and the end of 1977, each of the nine "Thank you, John Warner." made important steps toward develop­ countries of the Community must intro­ THANK You, JOHN WARNER ing a European sense of political com­ duce, debate and pass legislation on how This nation has once more been through a. munity. For example, the six polit-groups the election for the European Community major anniversary celebration of its found­ of the Parliament--socialists, Christian­ will be conducted. Presently, some of the ing. America's centennial observance in 1876 Democrats, Liberals, European Progres­ Community countries use a system of was centered in a gigantic exposition in Phil­ sive Democrats, Conservatives and Com­ direct proportional representation for adelphia, an international fair participated in by many countries of the world. It attracted munists-sit together on the floor of the their national parliaments, others use wide attention and was believed to be an ap­ Parliament. They meet in their political a single-member system like our House propriate method for honoring our inde­ groups for legislative planning and strat­ of Representatives, and others a mixed pendence. egy. But essentially they are unions of system. For those countries using elec­ Planning for our Bicentennial began in diverse members, for each of whom re- toral districts !or the direct elections to 1962 and resulted in the creation by Con- 25406 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 197'6 gress of the American Revolution Bicen­ lamp of experience. I know no way of judging A NATIONAL HELIUM POLICY tennial Commission four yea.rs later, 1966. of the future than by the past." NEEDED The new organization immediately became United States is present Western world involved in political tangles, differences in leader-militarily, industrially & economic­ approach to the methods of celebration, and ally. Caustic critics assert we are already go­ location of the central points of action. They ing downhill; and ·considering "Isolation-in HON. KEITH G. SEBELIUS finally a.greed upon a. single site, a completely Fortress America." Astute Al Smith was wont OF KANSAS undeveloped swamp on the outskirts of Phil­ to say: "Let's 'Take A Look' at the Record!" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES adelphia with a cost factor approaching one After two centuries--struggling British billion dollars. Colonies had attained unprecedented emi­ Tuesday, August 3, 1976 By 1972 the Bicentennial Commission had nence. "Pinnacle-postur~" always arouses Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Speaker, for some become so deeply mired in politics, com­ ignoble sentiments like the sixth of seven years now I have been actively involved mercialism, bure:tucracy and inabilities to deadly sins-envy. Much criticism stems from organize and plan, that Congress, after a yearning by leaders of other countries to in the effort to get the Government to lengthy investigation, voted to disband it achieve "summitry of their own." They strive rethink their policies regarding the con­ and create a totally new and independent to "pull down" the current leader in mistaken servation of helium. Recently those ef­ commission. This law was enacted in De- belief-thereby they will be elevating forts have been given renewed emphasis cember, 1973. · themselves. with the passage of S. Res. 253 and my On April 11, 1974, John W. Warner, Upper­ Success doesn't just happen. It is the fruit introduction in the House of a companion ville, Virginia, was sworn in' on the Capitol of long labor and dedicated integrity. En­ bill, H. Res. 1215, a bill to express the steps as administrator of the new commis­ during success requires extraordinary com­ sense of the House that the President di­ sion with full responsiiblity for correcting petence in its builders. First is solid, sound the twelve years of mismanagement and poor foundation, without which any structure rect the Secretary of the Interior to con­ judgment roiling over the swamps of Phil­ erected thereon eventually may collapse. serve the helium now being extracted adelphia. Warner had proven his abilities as When the gentle Nazarene established his from natural gas and vented into the Secretary of the Navy, and immediately Church on Earth, he said: "Peter (meaning atmosphere. I believe this continued ef­ opened the gates for a proper celebration of rock) thou are a rock; and upon this rock fort to be necessary in order that the 200 yea.rs of freedom and growth for a great I shall build my Church!" Expertness and United States meet the expected need nation. · talent, too, are important. Reaching reck­ for this natural resource after the year Warner has rendered a superb service to lessly beyond one's capacity.--rarely results his country. We of Fauquier County are in success which must be earned! Earning 2000 when three helium-dependent en­ proud to have known him as a neighbor and implies deserving fruit of efforts. Jesus said: ergy-related technologies will become grateful to him for the deep movement of "A new commandment I give unto you. That technically and economically feasible. patriotism through this country in our Bi­ ye love one another, as I have loved you." Superconducting magnetic energy stor­ centennial year. It demands genuine interest in others. That age, superconducting power transmis­ From the tiniest v1llages and cities, and was after. He had washed diciples' feet. Busi­ sion and fusion reactors will all require from many countries o! the world, we have nessmen often focus on selling products; but immense amounts of helium. felt and witnessed a subtle new understand­ perceptive advisers counseled an oil com­ Although the Bureau of Mines has at ing of the greatness of our liberty. John pany: Service is our business, winning un­ Warner's quiet but massive approach to the shakea:ble customers for the company. last seen flt to enter into new contracts Bicentennial celebration buried the overkill Worldly fame is fragile, fickle & fleeting. for the storage of privately owned heli­ and bad taste and installed a new sense of What lends it durability are supporting props um, I remain very concerned that the dignity and pride in the American commu­ as set forth above. A nation can be no Bureau has yet to address itself to the nity. The people of Fauquier County are greater than a. cross section of its people, broader issue· raised by the ERDA report proud of our American heritage, proud of as every true leader realizes. Vividly that was on helium conservation-establishment John W. Warner, and happy to look forward 11lustrated by Mahatma Gandhi: "There go of a national helium policy. to another such event in 2076. the people. I am their leader. I must follow The current supply of helium in U.S. In the meantime we hope the President of them." Leaders also are spokesmen for their the United States will give appropriate pub­ people; and in democracies-only a.s long as depositories is expected to last only an­ lic thanks to Warner in behalf of more than people retain respect for their chief. If hu­ other 40 years. As reported by ERDA, 25 200 million Americans who have received a man life exists on Mars; and a Martian visits to 50 percent of the originally held heli­ message of patriotism. our planet his first request might be: "Take um resources have already been dis­ me to your leader!" sipated into the atmosphere. I would Theoretically-wars could be won with­ hope, Mr. Speaker, that the Goverrunent out Generals or Admirals. "Troops" are the will not be so foolish as to wait to reverse OUR GOD, OUR COUNTRY, AND consolidating force. Writer recalls General their helium policies until such time as OUR FLAG George Patton saying: "The Private is my favorite soldier!" To memoralize all our fal­ we either must go through the expensive len soldiers, one of four dead taken from process of extractiJ'.\g this precious re­ American Cemeteries in France-was selected source from the atmosphere or depend on HON. BOB WILSON by Sergeant Edward Younger; and buried foreign sources. OF CALIFORNIA November 11, 1921. Probably it is not an The potential need for substantial and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Admiral nor a General who sleeps forever ready supplies of helium in the near fu­ beneath that meaningful monument in Tuesday, August 3, 197 6 ture is real. The need for a national he­ Arlington Cemetery: Tomb of the Unknown lium policy is no less real as a result. The Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, our Soldier. "Here lies in honored glory an Amer­ ican soldier known but to God." following article from the Wall Street venerable philosopher of the House, Joe Journal of July 9, I believe will bear this MacHugh, has produced another of his In United States let us continue separation of churcn and state; but keep botn! They out. inimitable essays that have come to be a are correlates. Never forget there is a power GE ELECTRIC MOTORS WILL FEATURE THE USE feature of our lives on Capitol Hill over greater than all humanity. That trust im­ OF SUPERCONDUCTORS--Two UNITS FLANNED the past quarter of a century. Joe writes measurably contributed to our salvation and FOR NAVY OFFER 3,000 HORSEPOWER AT MUCH with great inspiration, and I am particu­ survival through two centuries. Such faith SMALLER SIZE, WEIGHT larly pleased to introduce his latest essay, again sorely will be needed if United States ScHENECTADY, N.Y.-General Electric Co. and include it in the RECORD as a portion ls to provide future leadership for a world in and its engineers are designing and preparing of my remarks: confusion, conflict & contagious closeness to to build two electric motors utilizing super­ catastrophe! Early in this century the OUR Gon, OUR COUNTRY, AND OuR FLAG conductors or metals that have lost all re­ writer's loved father composed a patriotic sistance to an electric current. (By Joseph V. MacHugh) song incorporating three elements indispen­ The motors will produce 3,000 horsepower Birthdays are for only once. Anniversaries sable for perpetuity of Constitutional gov­ ea.ch and, because. of their superconducting may be many. United States now ts celebrat­ ernment: Obeisance to the Crea.tor; National elements, will be less than ha.If the size and ing its 20oth Anniversary; and looking in Pride and Devotion to· "The colors!" Each of one-third the weight of conventional 3,000- two directions: in the past and toward the writer's current essays must be one-pager. horsepower electric motors. GE said the future. What were our achievements in those Hence, those so desiring may xerox my full motors a.re being developed for the U.S. Navy 200 yea.rs; and what should be our agenda. copy of the song; meanwhile its clarion, cres­ and are forerunners of electric motors that !or parlous period ahead? In March 1775 cendo-conclusion and its title-appear below would drive small, high-speed Navy ships. Pa.trick Henry said: "I have but one lamp by "The welkin kings o'er plain and crag; our Superconductors are created when certain which my feet are guided, and that ls the god, our country, and our flag." metals a.re cooled, usually by liquid helium, August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25407 to temperatures near absolute zero, which is The product of that process, a. system of House Administration Committee, as pres­ almost 460 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. 14 separate Member' accounts, is not a sys­ ently constituted, the authority on its own Because the supercold metals don't have elec­ tem at all; it is a. rigid, confusing, gerrybullt volition to adjust accounts was a mistake. trical resistance they can carry an electric hodgepodge which can easily result in un­ That does not mean that the system prior to current without any loss. Thus, a. current intentional misapplications. It is supposed 1971 was good. It was not. The old system can flow through a superconductor with very to meet the legislative needs o! 435 separate under which e•a.ch adjustment in office ac­ little "push" or at low voltages. As a. result offices, each charged with representing and counts, no matter how trivial, had to be superconductors would make an electric providing services to one-half million people. voted on by the entire House, did not protect motor extremely efficient. But because each account was designed to the public interest. It merely guaranteed GE said the two motors a.re being built meet all the needs o! 435 very different that only the most non-controversial items under a $4.6 million contract with the Naval Members and very different districts, it does (not necessarily the most rational, efficient, Sea Systems Command. The contract calls not adequately meet anyone's needs. The or cost-effective ones) could be passed. for the first motor to be ready for sea. trials system's inflexibility and multiplicity of The Committee on House Administration late next year. forms, vouchers and accounts procedures presently has the authority to fix and ad­ The motors will produce about seven times buries Members' offices and the financial and just the a.mounts, terms and conditions of the horsepower of superconducting motors administrative officers of the House in con­ numerous allowances. The Task Force rec­ previously built, the company said. The fusion and needless red tape. Many legiti­ ommends that such authority be largely re­ motors will weigh about 7,000 pounds each, mate official expenses a.re not cevered by scinded. The rescission includes: (1) re­ compared with 25,000 pounds for conven­ the accounts system, and Members o! Con­ moval of authority to create new allowances, tional electric motors in the 3,000-horse­ gress must bear significant out-o!-pocket ex­ and (2) removal of authority to make ad­ power range. penses. Yet the system at the same time of­ justments in the a.mounts of the allowances The superconducting windings for the fers excessive opportunity for abuse; and it in excess of (a) increases made necessary by motors' magnetic coils, a key element in elec­ costs the taxpayers money! changes in the price of services or materials; tric motors, are to be made of niobium­ The reoom.mendations of the Task Force and (b) increases ma.de necesswry by tech­ titanium filaments produced by Intermag­ will-we hope-provide the blueprint !or nological changes in communications equip­ netics General Corp., Guilderland, N.Y., an immediate corrective surgery and the op­ ment, office equipment and the like. Thus, independent spin-off of GE superconductor portunity for a iong-range restructuring of under our recommendation a. vote on the business. the management system of the House of Rep­ floor would be required to authorize any resentatives. Even though the GAO conducts new allowances or to expand the a.mounts of an annual audit of all of the accounts and allowances in excess of that necessary to TASK FORCE ON ACCOUNTS-A disbursements of the Clerk o! the House, our maintain t11e present real level of constitu­ REPORT recommendations go even further. They will ent service. restore accountability, increase efficiency, Recommendation No. 2: Reconstitute the enhance the public's right to know ... and membership of the House Administration HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI they will save money. Committee so that all Democ.ra.tic members OF KENTUCKY HOW WE WORKED are nominated by the Speaker with the ap­ proval of the Democratic Caucus. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Task Force arrived at its conclusions in a number of.ways. We first solicited com­ Rationale: The Rules of the Democratic Tuesday, August 3, 1976 ments from all Members of Congress. Over 08.ucus should be modified to provide for se­ fifty Members from both pe.rties supplied lection of Democratic members o! the House Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, respond­ Administration Committee in the same man­ ing to the public outcry over House and written recommendations to the Task Force and almost two hundred others provided us ner in which Democratic members of the Senate scandals, the 94th Congress has with verbal suggestions. The Task Force Rules Committee are selected. The House undertaken more reforms than any pre­ spent an entire day with the officers and em­ Administra.ti·on Committee is the adminis­ vious Congress. One of the most signif­ ployees of the House and Senate charged trative arm of the House of Representatives. icant of these reforms was a thorough with the responsibility to manage the finan­ As such, we believe it should be directly re­ review of the systems under which Fed­ cial affairs of the Congress. We studied their sponsible and accountable to the House eral funds are used by Members of Con­ methods and procedures as well as the prac­ through its leaders. Giving the Speaker the tical implications of the changes that had responsibility to nominate members of gress for their various office expenses. House Administration will insure that the I am inserting the final report of the been suggested. Former employees also were consulted for further suggestions and rec­ leadership pay strict attention to the activi­ Task Force on House Accounts, with its ommendations. We thank all of these persons ties of thait committee. concrete suggestions on how House ac­ for their time and contributions, which were II. Accounts reform and disclosure counting procedures can be made more invaluable to the '!lask Force in completing The Task Force recommends adoption of efficient and more foolproof. its job. the Senate system of consolidated accounts, The task force recommendaitions en­ We reviewed the hearing records for legis­ eliminating cash-outs, requiring total, fre­ joy my wholehearted support because lative appropriations for the last four years. quent, and easily understandable disclosure they help in a positive way to restore the We reviewed a whole range of press accounts of expenditures from these accounts, monthly over several years, which defined, criticized, confidence of th~ American people in certification of employment and salary by or analyzed the system. We reviewed past Members, committee chairmen, subcommit­ Congress and in the American Govern­ legislative suggestions for reforms. ment: tee chairmen and all officers of the House. Out of it all, six common threads emerged: PERFORMANCE OF THE ALLOWANCE SYSTEM REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON ACCOUNTS 1. Few people are happy with •the present The Task Force on House Accounts was system, either substantively or procedurally; Recommendation No. 3: Eliminate ca.sh­ created by the Speaker on June 4, 1976, and 2. There is a need to restore major deci­ outs. was charged with the responsibility of re­ sion-making accountaibiUty; Recommendation No. 4: Abolish the Post­ porting to the Democratic Steering and Pol­ 3. There ls a. need to create greater flexi­ age Allowance. ley Comm1ttee on how to "rationalize the bility; Recommendation No. 5: Reduce the current accounts systems of the House of Represent­ 4. There is a need to increase meaningful 20¢ per mile reimbursement rate for automo­ atives, to tmprove a.ccounta.biUty, and to as­ disclosures; bile mileage to the prevailing GSA rate (cur­ rently 15¢ per mile). sure both J»"Oprlety and the aippea.rance of 5. The.re is a. need to eliminate cash-outs. propriety in the administration of House 6. There is a. need to establish a mechanism Recommendation No. 6: Consolidate the accounts." for the long-range review of the operation, following remaining accounts: That task is as essential as it is difficult. stamng and the appropriate prerequisites a. District office space. It is clear to this Task Force that both provided to Members o! Congress. b. Telecommunications service. the accounts system and the pl'ocess by c. Expenses outside the District of Co­ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMMEDIATE REFORM lumbia. which that system is established a.re often The Task Force recommends immediate confusing, unaccountable and more expen­ d. Stationery. sweeping reform of the House Administra­ e. Constituent communications (newslet­ sive than necessary. tion Committee. The existing procedure for establishment ter, questionnaire). o! the nature and magnitude of House ac­ I . Reform of House Administration f. Equipment rental (including a.mounts counts has encouraged the creation of an Recommendation No. 1: Rescind the au­ cWTently available from unused clerk-hire). independent, unaccountable power center in thority of the House Ad.ministmtion Com­ g. Travel (Congressional home city to the House Administration Committee. mittee to expand, change the cha.re.cter, or Washington, D.C.) . The process by which the accounts system create new categories of allowances with­ The value of each present account would 18 determined. has become a. mystery to the out a direct vote on the House fioor. be folded into one streamlined account. public-and to many Members of Congress Rationale: This Task Force has concluded Members may draw upon that account for as well. that the a.otion ta.ken in 1971 to give the any expense incurred in their official ca.pa.city 25408 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS AU![JUSt 3, 1976 with the accompanying requirement that ex­ The postage allowance of $1,140 in air mail ly over the past decade-from some 100 per penditures from the accounts will be pub­ and special delivery stamps should be elimi­ year during the historic 89th Congress to lished quarterly on a Member-by-Member nated because the franking privilege covers more than 600 per year during the 94th basis, thus increasing flexibility, accounta­ domestic first class mail costs for official Congress. bility and disclosure. business. Postage for overseas insured, certi­ In the area of committee meetings, Recommendation No. 7: Require disburse­ fied, return-receipt, and special delivery Members have spent upwards of 12,000 hours ments to be only upon properly documented, mailings can be vouchered for from the con­ in committee sessions during the Fiirst Ses­ signed, certified vouchers. solidated allowance. sion of the 94th Congress. There were 3,878 Recommendation No. 8: Eliminate the pro­ PUBLIC DISCLOSURE committee meetings and hearings conducted vision which currently allows equipment and The Task Force is recommending a number in 1975, constituting an increase of 30% over computer rental from unused clerk-hire. the First Session of the 93rd Congress and Recommendation No. 9: Institute the Sen­ of items to increase the public's right to know how its tax money is being spent. 60% over the First Session of the 92nd Con­ ate system of installing WATS service which gress. reduces by one-half the telecommunications Recommendation No. 10: Members, com­ mittee chairmen, subcommittee chairmen Demands from home have expanded just as allowance. dramatically. The House Postmaster has cal­ ' Rationale: It is no accident that, in com­ and all officers of the House should be re­ quired to cea:-tify monthly to the salary and culated that the number of letters flowing parison to the House, the Senate system of into the offices of the House members has accounts is relatively free from criticism. performa•ce of official duties of every em­ ployee on their payroll or assigned to their increased 200% in the past six years alone­ Three years ago the Senate abandoned the from 14 million in 1969 to 42 million in 1975. anachronistic, infiexible and expensive House committee or subcommittee. Recommendation No. 11: The Task Force These and other demands have neces- · system of mutiple accounts. The House sitated increasing legislative staff services. should follow suit. recommends the information in Recommen­ dation No. 10 be published quarterly. The The half-million Americans each of us rep­ The needs of each Congressional district resents have the right to expect that we are vary greatly. It is simply not possible to report shall include alphabetical indices by employee and employing office, indicating going to discharge our legislative duties in a service a six square-mile district in Man­ well-informed, responsible fashion. They hattan in the same manner as the 586,000 title and salary during each quairterly period. Recommendation No. 12: The Task Force have the right to expect intelligent answers square-mile State of Alaska. It is, therefore, to their letteirs, phone calls, and inquiries imperative that we recognize the diversity recommends the publishing of all expendi­ tures from the Member's consolidated ac- · and they have a right to expect reasonable that exists and allow Members to expend and efficient access to our offices and services. the available funds from the «;:onsolidated count quarterly, on a Member-by-Member basis. We have witnessed an explosion in the allowance in the way Members determine number of people coming to Washington­ best fit the needs of their constituents­ Rationale: The Task Force believes that a key to public trust is public knowledge. Dis­ either individually or collectively-in an ef­ with the requirement that every expenditure fort to petition the Congress in the finest be disclosed. closure of expenditures by a Member of Con­ gress of public money in the performance of democratic tradition. The consolidation of allowances will not Members must be equipped to cope with increase costs to the taxpayer, and in fact, his/her official duties protects the public from misuse of government funds and the this burgeoning workload-and that cannot is likely to effect substantial savings. Those be done with mirrors. Noir can it be accom­ responsible for administering the Senate ac­ Member from unjust innuendo. The a;bove recommendations can be im­ plished by simply streamlining the present counts system indicate that the consolida­ antiquated system of accounts and elimi­ tion of allowances led to reduction in the mediately implemented. Their rapid adoption should make it evident that the House in­ nating the current atmosphere of public sus­ cost of administering the separate allow­ picion and accusation. ances, and provided a more efficient means tends to meet its responsibilities to func­ tion in a proper, efficient and open manner What is needed are fundamental changes, of overseeing expenditures. They also indi­ both in Congress itself and in public at­ cated its reduced pressure to increase senate which will do a great deal to insure pro­ priety and the appearance of propriety in titudes toward Congress, and such changes allowances and resulted in return of sub­ cannot be accomplished without a thorough, stantial amounts by Senators. the administration of accounts and staff of the House. long-range study by a coirunission composed It has been estimated that it costs about of both Members of Congress and the public. $500,000 per year to operate a House office ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMMISSION ON FUTURE under the present system. Elimination of REFORMS the postage allowance and elimination of The preceding recommendations, sweeping AN AVERAGE GI JOE HITS THE the "cash-out" provisions, coupled with the as they are, represent only a first step in NAIL ON THE HEAD consolidation and streamlining of the ac­ terms of what is needed to make the House counts system, should reduce that estimate. a truly modern, effective institution. We A further benefit to the taxpayer is the therefore make the following recommenda­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK incentive inherent in a consolidated allow­ tion: OF OHIO ance to stretch available resources as far as Recommendation No. 13: The Speaker shall possible, thereby encouraging the economi­ appoint a commission composed of 8 Mem­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cal use of the allowance dollar. All funds bers of Congress (5 Democrats and 3 Republi­ Tuesday, August 3, 1976 disbursed from the consolidated allowance cans) and 7 persop.s from outside the Con­ will be vouchered and certified, compiled on gress to conduct a thorough complete study Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, for the a Member-by-Member basis, and published with respect to the administrative services past 20 years, I have watched a steady quarterly. Disclosure, certified vouchers and of the House including staff personnel, ad­ litany of events in the liberal media and the elimination of "cash-outs" will serve as ministration, accounting and purchasing the liberal community which has had an the best guarantee of effectively preventing procedures, office equipment and communica­ almost unbelievable effect of turning up the types of abuses which are alleged to have tion facilities, record-keeping, emoluments down, making fair foul, and the nuts the occurred in the recent past. and allowances. The commission will seek the Certain accounts such as the "stationery advice of both the G.A.O. and the busi­ saints. Laugh if you will but that is just account" and the "outside of the District ness community. The Commission shall re­ what has happened. The dirty, obscene, of Columbia expense account" allow Mem­ port its findings and recommendations no arrogant kids were portrayed as the bers to receive cash instead of providing later than December 31, 1977, a.fteir which heroes and the patriotic and valiant as direct payment for services. Eliminating the time it shall cease to exist. square at best, stupid at worst. Even option to "cash-out" such allowances will We are mindful that representative gov­ today the American left would have you remove a major criticism of the present ernment was never intended to be the most believe that all of the real patriots are in system. efficient form of government--just the best. Sweden or Canada. The rationale for reducing the 20c per mile But this does not mean that efficiencies auto reimbursement rate to the current pre­ cannot be achieved which will increase the A con§cious effort over these years has vaUing G.S.A. rate which applies to all other ability of Members to respond to their con­ made the policeman the bad guy, the employees, is that there is no justification stituents and better inform themselves. crook a victim of society. The law en­ for Members of Congress to be reimbursed The duties and responsibilities of the forcement agency has become the enemy at a higher rate than anyone else. House of Representatives have mushroomed and traitors like Daniel Ellsberg are The provision for equipment and computer over the past twenty years. The day-to-day heroes. J. Edgar Hoover is bad, Chou leasing from unused clerk-hire should be operations of the Congress have been dras­ En-Lai a great international statesman. eliminated. Under our recommendations the tically outpaced by the demands upon Mem­ Subtle sometimes, brutal at others, this amounts previously available from clerk-hire bers to provide their constituencies with would be included in the consolidated allow­ adequate representation and fair judgments. effort goes on methodically in the Amer­ ance, thus limiting the use of clerk-hire to For example, in the 94th Congress the House ican liberal press. the purpose for which it was intended, Le., has been in session longer, taken more votes, Those who rioted in the streets, even the provision of clerical, professional and and had more committee meetings than any dynamited university campuses now are other personnel and legislative support Congress in history. The number of votes respectable. The likes of the Jane Fonda services. Members must cast has inCll'eased dramatical- and Tom Hayden leftists are suddenly August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25409 transformed into visionaries by the press. mantle) who are out there penetrating ter­ to toss them out on their ears. Or "Let's wait Maybe by the press but not by any think­ rorist groups, trying to keep a step ahead of and see what hapens next!" the Kremlins and the S.L.A.'s trying to en­ You have to wonder if somebody has a ing, patriotic American. Just like making sure that America remains a country where documentary idea on the growth of the Soviet the radical, lawless kids at Kent State Mr. Hayden has a right to run for public armed forces, nuclear strength and navy, if the martyrs and the National Guards­ office and I have a right to vote against him. the networks won't be tempted to say: "This men the bad guys. They can keep trying I am a landscaper earning about $6,500 isn't a good time for us to air that kind of but they will not fool most good Ameri­ per year, and, no, I don't despise the rich, documentary.'' cans. not even Tom Hayden. You llave to. wonder if an entertainment Every now and then a good patrio tic ERNEST S. POYER. package is proposed that shows the Russians "in a bad light," whether they wouldn't American speaks up to cut through the hesitate. cynical veneer of the liberal trash ped­ You have to wonder, indeed, in the light dlers and hit the nail right on the head. THE TV NETWORKS AND THE of one long broadcast of Russian puffery, if I do not know Ernest S. Poyser of New MOSCOW OLYMPICS they might not be looking for ways to "re­ Brunswick, N.J., but I would like to. He assure" and soften up the Russians on the sounds like the good Americans I see network::z "fairness" to the Soviet Union and back home in the VFW and American HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL its point of view. Legion Posts who love and work for their OF ILLINOIS Anyway you slice it, it ain't· healthy. Then, when you consider that this Olym­ country and detest its enemies. His letter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pics in Montreal teetered on the brink for a probably makes more sense than any­ Tuesday, August 3, 1976 few days because the government inter­ thing you will read in the CONGRESSIONAL vened with some rules of its own-what hap­ RECORD today. It was in today's New Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I would pens if Moscow decides to impose a few rules York Times letters to the editor section. like to introduce into the RECORD an edi­ of its own next time? Too bad the management of the Times torial from the July 26 issue of the Peoria And a major TV network with a massive does not have this landscape Joe on its Journal-Star, which, when I read it, investment already made realizes that it can editorial staff rather than the sophisti­ sent a shriver down my spine. be kicked out overnight if it fails to "under­ Editor C. L. Dancey raises the ques­ stand" the Soviet position--on excluding cated snobs who see more merit in Israel, for example, unless they call them­ America's enemies than in the likes of tion of whether or not there is a conflict selves Palestine? the average vet who fought for his coun­ of interest involving the American TV It's a lousy situation. try. Here is his letter: networks who are currently falling all So there we are. One network locked in is OF THE VIETNAM GENERATIONAL CRISIS over themselves to curry favor with the bad enough to such dependence on a foreign NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J., July 19, 1976. hierarchy in the Kremlin who will decide government's "friendship." All three net­ To THE EDITOR: Tom Hayden (Op-Ed which network will get the chance to works ardently bidding for such a "favor" July 12) writes of a "generational crisis carry the 1980 Olympics. from a foreign government, that govern­ which we have just passed through"-! "Anyway you slice it," Dancey writes, ment being the Soviet Union, and the giame must have missed it-and proclaims the ad­ beginning four years ahead of the ultimate "it ain't healthy." pay-off-well, it surely isn't healthy. vent of a "new political alliance with the I agree. I think the networks owe the power to elect candidates and shape issues we·ve hung politicians for less of a "con­ for years." While this new alliance will pre­ Nation a full disclosure account of every­ flict of interest" situation than this.-C.L. sumably be accorded the views of Mr. Hay­ thing they are offering the Soviets in re­ DANCEY. den, it is somewhat presumptuous for him to turn for the TV rights. My liberal col­ suggest that this "new generation" will flock leagues who are so concerned about the to his standard and standards. machinations of ITT and Lockheed vis­ EVADING THE INTENT OF THE 1964 As a member of this generation (I am 33) a-vis foreign governments may also want MEAT IMPORT LAW I too experienced the turbulent years of the to reflect on what lengths ABC, NBC, Southeast Asia wars, most of them in my and CBS might go to in return for a home town, Washington. Unlike Hayden I HON. BERKLEY BEDELL was never gassed or indicted, but I sat in a prize of similar value. room full of people who, upon hearing the The editorial follows: OF IOWA news of two B-52's being shot down by North A CONFLICT OF INTEREST? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vietnamese SAM's broke into ecstatic cheers. Put together two innocent facts and we Tuesday, August 3, 1976 To me that cheering was far more painful have a situation that sounds a lot less inno­ than gas (and I know the reactions to gas, cent. Mr. BEDELL. Mr. Speaker, during the for also, unlike Hayden, I served four years ABC-TV paid $25,000,000 for the privilege past few weeks, I have become increas­ in the military). of covering the Olympic games this year, and ingly concerned about the effect on the I saw the demonstrators that descended the next is expected to go at twice that high. troubled American cattle market of large on Washington and other cities, not for the So? most part as real advocates of peace (Why The next Olympics will be in Moscow, and amounts of meat entering our country then the VC flags?) but as a sort of floating ABC, NBC, and CBS have already begun from Australia and New Zealand by way Woodstock. Shouting vulgarisms, scoring "wooing" the Soviet regime. At least they of the foreign-trade zone at Mayaguez, dope and skinny-dipping in the reflecting have established hospitality suites in Moscow Puerto Rico. pool may have been the advent of the new to wine and dine Soviet bigwigs. Beyond These imports are clearly an attempt morality, but it didn't save any lives in that, who knows what they are doing? to evade the intent of the 1964 meat im­ Vietnam. We can hardly feel comfortabfo, however, port law. Yet now Hayden is saying his convictions in a situation where for the next couple of I have written a letter to Secretary of have been proven right. Just how "right" is yeair.s or more, the folks who control the it to have supported the Hanoi regime, which "hidden curriculum" of American humor, Commerce Elliot Richardson expressing has (so far) given to those it "liberated" entertainment and news-related informa­ my concerns as well as my hope that the such things as re-education camps, forced tion on every TV tube in the land are busy Foreign-Trade Zone Board, which the labor, book burning, etc.? Of course, we may courting the Soviet regime. Secretary chairs, will closely examine not be reading much more about these nega­ One does not figure that the networks this situation and take action to bring tive aspects as all foreign journalists and would sell us out to Russia in their efforts about the cessation of the foreign-trade diplomats have been expelled from what was to capture the prize now valued at more zone status of the Mayaguez meat proc­ once South Vietnam (I wonder why?), and than fifty million bucks. essing plant. was Hayden "right" to assail his country for But we would h!3.rdly be comfortable with siding with the Cambodians opposing those any American corporation of any other kind The text of my letter to Secretary poor oppressed farm boys, the Khmer Rouge? that wiw placed in a like situation since the Richardson follows: Yet Hayden sees threats to freedom com­ Lockheed bribery cases. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ing only from the U.S. Government and its You don't bribe the Russians with money. Washington, D.C., August 2, 1976. agencies and derides those who go about the And the networks are in no position to Hon. ELLIOT L. RICHARDSON, (sometimes murky) business of defending "sell" them on the performance benefits of Chairman, Foreign-Trade Zone Board, U.S. the Western world. Well, even with their their product simply as a better product. Department of Commerce, Washington, occasional outrageous perversions of the law You have to wonder a little bit while they D.C. (which I hope to God have ceased) I feel a are in such a competitive selling effort with DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The American cattle deep personal gratitude to those men and Moscow whether there might not be a temp­ market now finds itself in economically women of our intelligence and law enforce­ tation to say, "Go easy!" if something broke perilous circumstances. Our livestock pro­ ment agencies (which Hayden would dis- that covered critically might cause Moscow ducers are experiencing a growing sense of 25410 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 19'76 frustration and concern for their financial Foreign-Trade Zone status of the Mayaguez shall focus my remarks on the creative well-being which, in light of current eco- meat processing facility. aspects of the interplay between human nomic realities in the domestic marketplace, Should the Board fail to recognize the in­ beings and the earth. combined with the lingering effects of the justice of this situation and not move to I know, of course, that many human in­ past few hard years, is certainly understand- correct it, the Congress will have to investi- terventions into nature have been destruc­ able. gate possible legislative remedies. tive; history is replete with ecological dis­ The American livestock producer must If the Mayaguez plant is allowed to remain asters. I know also that many industrial and watch as the price of the grain which he in operation and the applications to expand agricultural practices of our times have dis­ feeds to his cattle rises. He has few controls such meat processing facilities in Puerto tressing ecological effects and are likely to over the costs of his production and almost Rico, as well as in New Orleans, are approved have frightening consequences in the future. no control over the amount of profit which by the Board, I believe that the consequences However, I do not find it useful to elaborate he can eventually take in. for the recovery of the American livestock in- on these dangers because they are well Now, the cattleman has become aware of dustry are too great for Congress to stand known. Instead of describing the manifesta­ one more obstacle to his ability to remain in idle and do nothing to relieve what is be­ tions of the ecological crises and of repeating the business of providing meat and meat coming a greater and greater pressure for our once more that further environmental degra­ products for American tables while at the livestock producers. dation can be minimized only by conserva­ same time assuring himself of a fair and Sincerely, tion measures. I take a more constructive reasonable return. BERKLEY BEDELL, view of the interplay between humankind As of July 10, 21.2 million pounds of for­ Member of Congress. and the earth. I shall consider how the prac­ eign meat had entered the United States tices of environmental conservation might be since January, 1976, through a Foreign- complemented by prospective policies of en­ Trade zone processing plant at Mayaguez, SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN THE EARTH vironmental creation. Puerto Rico. This meat was not counted For thousands of years, human beings have against the 1976 quota level established un- AND HUMANKIND been engaged in creative transformations of der the 1964 Meat Import Law because the the wilderness and of humanized environ­ meat is changed at Mayaguez into a form that is no longer among the specific types of HON. JOHN BRADEMAS ments, but the process has been greatly ac­ celerated and intensified since the 19th cen­ meat subject to the statute. OF INDIANA tury. One of the psychological effects of the The Mayaguez facilities have a processing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capacity of 4 million pounds per month. Industrial Revolution was to encourage the These additional poundage figures are not Tuesday, August 3, 1976 belief that any kind of change was justified now being included in the growing tally if it was economically profitable-even if it against the quota level which was calculated Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, one of caused a degradation of human life and of by the U.S.D.A. according to a legislatively the most thoughtful scholars in our environmental quality. During recent dec­ established formula. country is Rene Dubos, professor emer­ ades, however, there have been signs of a The State Department, which has the re­ itus at the Rockefeller University in New reversal in this psychological attitude. For sponsibility for the actual negotiating of York. the sake of convenience, I take the middle of voluntary trade restraints with individual I believe that 'Members of the House of the 20th century as the watershed in the livestock producing countries, has negotiated Representatives and Senate will read social view of the relationships between hu­ these restraints at a cumulative level of man beings and the earth. 1,223 billion pounds for 1976, a mere 10 mil­ with interest the following article by In 1933, the city of Chicago held a World's lion pounds below the level at which a cut Professor Dubos, "Symbiosis Between the Fair to celebrate its hundredth anniversary. off of meat imports could be triggered. Earth and Humankind,'' published 1n The general theme of the fair was that the Certainly, this slim, 10 million pound mar­ the August 6, 1976, issue of Science increase in wealth and in the standard of gin would be greatly exceeded if the 21 mil­ magazine. living during the "Century of Progresss" has lion pounds which have already entered the The article is adapted from the text been brought about by scientific technology. continental United States by way of Puerto of the lecture he delivered at the first The guidebook to the exhibits had a section Rico, were counted as a part of these import International Tyler Ecology Symposium entitled "Science discovers, Industry applies, levels. As the situation now stands, the let- on April 9, 1976 in response to his re­ Man conforms,'' and the text proclaimed "In­ ' ter and intent of the Meat Import Law of dividuals, groups, entire races of men fall 1964 are most assuredly being circumvented. ceiving the Tyler Ecology Award, which into step with ... science and technology." In a July 13, 1976, letter to you, as Chair­ is administered by Pepperdine University, There could not be a more explicit state­ man of the Foreign-Trade Zone Board, Sec­ Malibu, Calif. The award was shared with ment of the then preva111ng belief that the retary of Agriculture Earl Butz strongly ex­ Charles S. Elton and Abel Wolman. real measure of progress is industrial devel­ pressed the U.S.D.A.'s opposition to the con­ The article follows: opment, regardless of consequences. tinuation of the Mayaguez processing plant Scientific technology is even more creative and to the proposed establishment of a sec­ SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN EARTH AND HUMANKIND (By Rene Dubos) in 1976 than it was in 1933. Yet, no one ond such plant. would dare state today that humankind must In that letter, Secretary Butz wrote that, I was born and raised in the farming conform to, or fall in step with, scientific or "Limitations on the importation of such country of the Ile de France, north of Paris. meat are needed to assist in the recovery of technological dictates. The present view is This is a part of the earth that has been rather that industry must conform to human the domestic livestock industry which for occupied and profoundly transformed by the past two and one-half years has suffered nature and be managed within strict ecologi­ human beings since the late Stone Age. Be­ cal constraints. The desire for technological from low returns to producers and rising fore it was inhabited, the region was covered costs. Other major world markets continue to with forests and marshes, and it would re­ innovation and for industrial expansion ts now checked by an equally strong concern be restricted and potentially excessive sup­ turn to this state of wilderness if it were plies of meat from major exporting countries not for the human presence. Now that it has for the long-range consequences of human could further reduce the returns to U.S. beef been humanized, however, it consists of a interventions into nature. producers." complex network of prosperous farmlands, The following examples illustrate that the While the Secretary of Agriculture and I tamed forests and rivers, parks, gardens, vil­ concern for social and ecological conse·· have held diff-ering points of view from time lages, towns, and cities. It has long been quences ls not incompatible with creative to time, I could not agree with him more heavily populated and has continuously sup­ human interventions into natural systems. than on this particular issue and his state­ ported various forms of c1v111zations. While ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS IN THE TEMPERATE ZONE ment that, "The use of the Foreign-Trade irt has repeatedly experienced destructive Among people of Western civ111zation, the Zone solely to circumvent a statute or agree­ wars and social dist.urbances, it has remained English are commonly regarded as having a ment providing for import limitations is not ecologically diversified and economically pl'o­ highly developed respect and appreciation in the public interest." d uctlve. From the human point of view, it of nature; but the English landscape, admir­ It :s my understanding that the Foreign­ ls more satisfying visually and more reward­ able as it is, is far different from what it was Trade Zone Board announced on July 28, that ing emotionally-for me and most people­ in the state of wilderness. It is not the native it will decide within 30 days whether such than it would be in the state of wilderness. landscape, only one which has become famil­ meat imports are indeed harmful to the pub­ It provides a typical example of symbiosis iar because it has been progressively shaped lic interest. I also understand that the Board between humankind and the earth. from the primeval forest by centuries of hu· has asked that the packing companies in The historical development of the region man intervention. Roadsides and riverbanks Mayaguez show cause within 15 days why the where I was raised has certainly conditioned are trimmed and grass-verged, trees no longer Boa.rd should not limit or exclude the proc­ my ecological philosophy. It has convinced obscure the views but appear to be within essing of this foreign meat from the Puerto me that human beings can profoundly alter the horizon, foregrounds contrast properly Rico Foreign-Trade Zone. the surface of the earth without desecrating with middle distances and backgrounds. It is my hope that the Foreign-Trade Zone it and they can indeed create new and last­ Much of the English landscape is indeed so Board will also give careful consideration to ing ecological values by working in col­ humanized that it might be regarded as a the U.S.D.A.'s request for a cessation of the laboration with nature. In this article, I park or a vast ornamental farm. August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25411 In England, as in many other parts of the PLANNING FOR THE ECOLOGICAL FUTURE OF on the earth is fixed by the photosynthetic world, the prodigious and continuous efforts SE:MIDESERTIC AREAS activity of plants, yet the a.mount of energy of settlers and farmers have created an as­ Every part of the world can boast of hu­ produced by the total vegetation of natural tonishing diversity of ecosystems that appear manized lands that have remained fertile areas, in any given year, vastly exceeds the natural only because they are familiar, but and attractive for immense periods of time. total amount used by humankind for its that are really of human origin. For example, From China. to Holland, from Japan to Italy, daily life and for driving even its most ex­ the enclosures so characteristic of Ea.st An­ from Java to Sweden, civilizations have been travagant technologies. The precise figures glia were created in the 18th century to fa­ built on a variety of ecosystems that have are not available, but what matters is the cilitate certain types of agricultural improve­ been profoundly altered by human interven­ magnitude of the dift'erence. ments. At that time, the farming country was tion. Many of these artificial ecosystems have It has been estimated that organic ma­ divided by law into a patchwork of semirec­ proved successful even in regions not high­ terials equivalent to 840 trillion kllowatt­ tangula.r fields, each 5 to 10 acres in area, ly favored by nature. In Greece, for exam­ hours are produced yearly on the whole sur­ often without much regard to the natural ple, a large olive grove in a valley near the face of the earth by photosynthesis. Of this contour of the land. The fields were divided Delphi site has been under continuous cul­ grand total, about two-thirds is produced by drainage ditches and straight lines of tivation for several thousand years; many by the land vegetation, especially the forests; hawthorn hedges, and trees were planted in rice paddies of tropical Asia also have been the other third is fixed by the vegetation regular rows. This famous landscape is thus a successful for m1llennia. Israel, which was growing in water, especially the various wet­ very artificial human creation. When it first once the land of milk and honey, t]).en be­ lands, the marine estuaries, and the areas came into being, in fact, it greatly shocked came largely desertic after Roman times, of ocean plankton. Surprising as it may seem, farmers, nature lovers, and landscape archi­ has once more achieved agricultural pros­ the contribution of agriculture to the energy tects. Within a very few generations, how­ perity as a result of skillful ecological man­ derived from photosynthesis is rather small­ ever, it has evolved into a pleasing and highly agement, including irrigation and reforesta­ much smaller than one-tenth the contribu­ diversified ecosystem; its ditches and hedges tion. tion of the natural areas. Cultivated lands harbor an immense variety of plants, insects, In our own times, the development of the produce only the equivalent of 50 tr1llion song birds, rodents, and larger mammals. It world's arid regions will continue to require kilowatt-hours per year, and from this must has come to· be regarded as a. "natural" en• the creation of new artificial ecosystems. The be µeducted the enormous amounts of energy vironment. oil countries of the Middle East are now wal­ used in the form of fossil fuels by modern While the enclosure type of landscape was lowing in petrodollars, but the wealth un­ agricultural techniques. developed for a certain kind of agriculture, derground wm virtually disappear within 30 In contrast to the 840 trillion killowatt­ it is poorly suited to modern practices. As a to 40 years. To prepare for the future, the hours produced yearly by photosynthesis result, ditches, hedges, and trees must now income now derived from oil must be invested in natural areas, the total energy consump­ go in order to make possible the creation of in the development of human and material tion by humankind was only 70 trillion kilo­ larger tracts of land, more compatible with resources that will remain productive after watt-hours in the year 1973. Another way of the use of high-powered agricultural equip­ the wells have dried up. To this end, some formulating this relationship is that the ment. This change is destroying the habitats Arab countries have initiated programs aimed present annual production of biomass on the for the many kinds of wild animals and at determining what kinds of crops and live­ land areas alone is of the order of 100 b1llion plants that lived in the hedged enclosures, stock suitable to semidesertic conditions can tons (dry weight) with an energy equivalent but the open fields will certainly develop be introduced and improved. Giant irrigation about six times greater than the current their own fauna. and flora. and, furthermore, programs, focused on desalinated water, are utilization of energy by all human activities. have the advantage of permitting large also being considered in the hope of convert­ These figures indicate that the energy needs sweeps of vision. ing several million ae;res of sand into agricul­ of the world and even of the United States Thus, the ecological characteristics of tural land. might be met in theory by devoting only a. an environment a.re determined not only by Since irrigation projects of such magnitude small fraction of the land areas to this pur­ geographic and climatic factors but also by will probably be ecologically unsound, it has pose-as could the production of organic sociocultural imperatives. In addition, the been suggested to create in the desert self­ materials derived from plants to serve as genius of the place is profoundly affected by contained cities so designed as to be able to feedstocks for the chemical industry. In prac­ purely cultural values, as is 1llustra.ted by the grow their own food, perhaps in greenhouses tice, of course, many agricultural and chemi­ great English parks created in the 18th located on the roofs of buildings. The econ­ cal techniques have to be developed or re­ century. omy of these hypothetical cities would be fined before vegetation can be used on a The English landscape architects trans­ based not on scarce and unreliable water sup­ significant scale to provide a renewable formed the humanized land of East Anglia. plies, but on the abundant sunlight that can source of energy and of substitutes for petro­ by taking their inspiration from bucolic but be used to produce solar energy for the de­ chemicals. But the problems as a whole nave imaginary landscapes painted by Claude velopment of intensive agriculture and of cer­ been sufficiently well defined to warrant some Lorrain, Nicholas Poussin, and Salvatore tain specialized industries. By concentrating long-range ecological speculations. Rosa. They obviously did not believe that agriculture and industry in a limited area Plant materials have an obvious advan­ "nature knows best," but instead tried to with a fairly high population density, most tage over coal and petroleum, that they are improve on it by rearranging its elements. of the desert could be kept as wilderness-a renewable. Furthermore, their use as sources They eliminated vegetation from certain natural resource that may be much in de­ of energy and of chemicals would probably areas and planted trees in others; they mand when the earth becomes overpopulated. result in less environmental contamination drained marshes and channeled the water The most interesting aspects of these ap­ than the use of fossil fuels, especially with into artfficial streams and lakes; they or­ proaches to the development of arid regions regard to sulfur compounds and carbon di­ ganized the scenery· to create both intimate is not their technical boldness but a vision of oxide-an environmental hazard of unknown atmospheres and distant perspectives. In the future in which a transient form of nat­ magnitude; since plants use this substance other words, they invented a new kind of ural wealth-oil-would be converted into for their growth, the result is a closed cycle English landscape based on local ecological agricultural, industrial, and social creations instead of accumulation, as is the case with conditions but derived from the images pro­ of lastibg value. Whatever the financial re­ organic fossil fuels. vided by painters. sources available for these projects, however, One of the objectionable aspects of vegeta­ The English parks are now the envy of the ultimate success of an~r venture will de­ tion as a source of energy and chemicals is the world. However, as can be seen from pend on the ·creation of artificial ecosystems that it is more diffusely distributed and 18th-century 1llustrations, they were then designed within the constraints of local en­ more difficult to transport than coal or far less attractive than they a.re now. The vironmental conditions. petroleum. This will probably require that planted trees were puny, the banks of the ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES the biomass be handled in fairly small in­ artificial streams were bare and raw, the IN ENERGY AND MATERIALS dustrial units, a limitation that has some masses of vegetation were often trivial, and, A century ago. wood was the fuel used to advantages. One of them is that it may in any case, were poorly balanced. The mar­ heat most homes, as well as to fire steam favor social decentralization. Another is that velous harmony of scenic and ecologic values engines and even locomotives. In our times, decentralization will facilitate the return to that are now so greatly admired did not exist fossil fuels and nuclear fuels have almost the land of the waste products from plant in the 18th century except in the minds of completely displaced wood for such uses and materials which can then serve as plant the landscape architects who created the several other sources of energy are under nutrients. parks. The sceneries composed from the consideration. It is not impossible, however, Granted that the techniques for produc­ raw materials of the earth acquired their that trees and other plants will again become tion of energy and chemicals by photosyn­ visual majesty and came to fruition only thesis are still in a primitive stage, the eco­ important sources of energy; they may also after having matured with time. Their pres­ logical prospects are sufficiently encourag­ ent magnificence symbolizes that human come to compete with petroleum and coal as ing to justify a vast program of research interventions into nature can be creative a source of raw materials for the chemical in fields pertaining to the production and and indeed can improve on nature, provided industries. The potentialities of these uses utilization of plant materials, such as photo­ that they are based on ecological under­ can be surmised from the magnitude of the synthesis; plant physiology; plant genetics, standing of natural systems and of their po­ role played by the vegetation of natural areas including the production of new artificial tentialities for evolution as they are trans­ (wilderness) in the economy of the earth. species; ecological association of different formed into humanized landscapes. Only 3 percent of the incident solar energy plant species; and development of tech- 25412 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 nlques for the fermentation of piant mate­ then the fields were converted into hedged hope will broaden the appeal for sound rials to produce methane and for their hy­ enclosures, and the tendency is now to coastal resources management and wet­ drogenation to produce combustible liquids. return to large open fields. In the Amer­ land protection: While the new technologies that could thus ican Southwest the Navajos, the Zunis, LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY, be developed are not urgently needed in the and t'he Mormons have established vi­ Baton Rouge La., July 19, 1976. United States, they might be of immediate able relationships with nature based on NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION, practical importance in some countries that very different ways of livelihood and different Washington, D.C. have abundant vegetation but lack other social relationships; these three ethnic Attention: Mr. Bob Danko resources. Furthermore, the production of groups relate to the same kind of soil under DEAR MR. DANKO: I would like to acquaint energy and materials by photosynthesis the same sky but march to differen:t social you with what I feel are some of the cogent points the way to long-range global solu­ drums in their own artificial ecosystems. Un­ arguments to maintain the coastal wetlands tions based on biological techniques com­ til our times, the photosynthetic activity of of the United States under sound manage­ patible with the ecological health of the plants has been used chiefly for the produc­ ment practices controlled above the level of planet. tion of food, fibers, and building materials, the local political unit, and in some cases CREATIVE STEWARDSHIP but there are now projects to use it for the above the state level. I think it is clear that There are different kinds of satisfactory production of various kinds of fuel and pf coastal wetlands are regional and national landscapes: on the one band, the various feedstocks for the synthetic chemical indus­ resources. The piecemeal development of types of wilderness still undisturbed by hu­ tries. small areas, one at a time, without regard man intervention; on the other, the various Nature is like a great river of materials to the whole wetland system has a cumula­ humanized environments created to fit the and forces that can be directed in this or tive effect which will have repercussions far physiological, esthetic, and emotional needs that channel by human intervention. Such outside of the immediate zone of activity. of modern human life. intervention is justified because the natural Much has been said in recent years about There will be less and less wilderness as channels are not necessarily the most desir­ the value of the coastal wetlands. First, let the world population increases, but a stren­ able, either for the human species or for me document some of these and then try uous effort must be made to preserve as other species. It is not true that "nature to put them in perspective by illustrating much of it as possible, for at least two dif­ knows best." It often creates ecosystems that the consequences of failure to protect them. ferent reasons. As was mentioned earlier, the are inefficient, wasteful, and destructive. By Coastal wetlands are the nursery grounds for wilderness is the greatest producer of renew­ using reason and knowledge, we can manip­ nearly all commercially important offshore able sources of energy and of materials­ ulate the raw stuff of nature and shape it fisheries. McHugh (Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. as well as of biological species-and is, there­ into ecosystems that have qualities not found Public. No. 3, 1966) stated that 2/ 3 of the fore, essential to the maintenance of the in wilderness. Many potentialities of the cash value of species harvested on the ecosystems of the earth. Furthermore, hu­ earth become manifest only when they have Atlantic and Gulf coasts are estuarine de­ man beings need primeval nature to reestab­ been brought out by human imagination pendent. Others put the degree higher. It lish contact now and then with their biologi­ and toil. is more difficult to draw a direct relation­ cal origins; a sense of continuity with the Just as the surface of the earth has been ship between the magnitude of the fish har­ past and with the rest of creation is prob­ transformed into artificial environments, so vest and the coastal wetlands. However in ably essential to the long-range sanity of have these in turn influenced the evolution a recent study Dr. Eugene Turner of this de­ the human species. of human societies. The reciprocal interplay partment has shown that on a world-wide In practice, however, most .people spend betwen humankind and the earth can result basis there is a direct relationship between most of their time in humanized nature. in a true symbiosis-the word symbiosis be­ the offshore harvest of shrimp and the total They feel most at ease in landscapes that ing used here in its strong biological sense area of the salt marsh upon which that have been transformed in such a way that to mean a relationship of mutualism so in­ fishery is dependent. The relationsh ip is with there exists a hrarmonious interplay between timate that the two components of the sys­ the marshes as a source of organic food for human nature and environmental forces, re­ tem undergo modifications beneficial to both. the shrimp and a nursery habitat. , sulting in adaptive fitness. The quality of The reciprocal transformations resulting In addition to commercial fisheries rec­ this interplay requires a constant expendi­ from the interplay between a given human reational use of the coastal zone has gener· ture of efforts because any environment, left group and a given geographical area deter­ ally been underestimated. Two-thirds of the to itself, tends to return to a state o:f wilder­ mine the characteristics of the people and population of the Unit ed Stat es lives in ness no longer ad1apted to the physiological of the region, thus creating new social and about one-third of the land that lies along and mental needs of modern man. Even environmental values. its coas ts. This has resulted in tremendous though a landscape has been economically Symbiotic relationships mean creative population pressures on the coastal wet­ productive and esthetically attra<:tive for partnerships. The earth is to be seen neither lands, sport fishing an d recreational use is many generations, it will be invaded by brush as an ecosystem to be preserved unchanged a nat ural outcome. Louisiana, for instance, and weeds as soon as it is neglected. The nor as a quarry to be exploited for selfish and has 2,000,000 licensed fishermen. A recent rapid degradation of abandoned gardens, short-range economic reasons, but as a gar­ study in Georgia concluded that on the farmlands, or pastures is evidence that hu­ den to be cultivated for the development of average each coastal sports fisherman spends its own potentialities of the human adven­ $80 a year in sport fishing. I think that is manized nature cannot long retain its qual­ ture. The goal of this relationship is not ity without constant human care. Conserva­ probably low but even at that leV>ei for the maintenance of the status quo, but the 2,000,000 fishermen that is $160,000,000 per tion practices are as essential for the main­ emergence of new phenomena and new val­ tenance of humanized nature as they are year spent for sport fishing in Louisiana. ues. Millennia of experience show that by Jn many areas coastal sports fishing is much for the protection of the wilderness. entering into a symbiotic relationship with The stewardship of the earth, however, more important economically than com· nature, humankind can invent and generate mercial fishing. goes beyond good conservation practices. It futures not predictable from the determin­ involves the creation of new ecosystems in In addition to the fisheries and recreational istic order of things, and thus can engage in value of marshes wetlands perform another which human interventions have caused a continuous process of creation. some changes in the characteristics of the general function which has sometimes been land and in the distribution of living things, called the free work of nature. What this has come to mean to me is that certain work to take advantage of potentialities of nature NEED FOR SOUND MANAGEMENT that would remain unexpressed in the state is accomplished by natural systems when of wilderness. Throughout history and even OF COASTAL RESOURCES maintained in a productive natural state. prehistory, humankind has tampered with By low expenditures for maintenance and blind ecological determinism. Forests have protection of this condition society as a been cut down or managed, certain swamps HON. JOHN B. BREAUX whole protects itself against really high in­ have been drained, and agricultural produc­ OF LOUISIANA vestments duplicating the services of na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ture. An example of this is the treatment of tivity has been increased by pra<:tices de­ sewage along the Atlantic coast. In a recent signed to modify the physical structure, Tuesday, August 3, 1976 EPA report (Sweet, D. 1971. The Economic chemical composition, and microbal life of and Social Importance of Estuaries) it was soils. The fauna and fiora have also been Mr. BREAUX. Mr. Speaker, much has shown that five major estuaries on the At­ managed by introduction of new plant and been said in this Congress on the subject lantic coast treat amount of organic sewage animal species, selection and improvement of wetlands; how to define them, how equivalent to an average of 19 pounds of of strains, crop rotation, control of weeds. to manage. them, their value to society biological oxidation demand (BOD) per day Ever since Neolithic times, human life has and the need to protect them in the pub­ per acre. These estuaries treat this in the taken place in managed environments. sense that sewage is dumped into them and Experience shows that most natural situa­ lic interest. I would like to share with my colleagues the following letter I have re­ it disappears. tions can be converted into several different That is, the organic matter is oxidized, and ecosystems involving different kinds of re­ ceived from Professor James Gottelink the inorganic nutrients are removed from lationship to humankind. As was mentioned of the Louisiana State University Center the estuarine waters in one way or another. earlier, East Anglia was at first completely for Wetland Resources, by way of the In a sewage treatment plant we call the oxi­ forested, then it was cultivated in open fields, National Wildlife Federation, which I dation of organic matter secondary treat- August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25413 ment, and it is relatively inexpensive-2112 ¢ particularly clear here, and is one reason been abjured in the United States of a pound of BOD. But the removal of inor­ . strong regionally-based management plans America. Inciting riots, chaos and revolu­ ganic nutrients, especially nitrogen and and. practices are needed. tion has temporarily failed in the United phosphorus, which occurs in the tertiary The problem is a regional one rather than States. treatment step of treatment plants, is very a local one. For instance the Mississippi expensive-something like $2.00 for the drains nearly half the continental United The most likely scheme for achieving equivalent nutrients found in a pound of States. Problems of the Louisiana estuarine power in the United States is through the BOD. So along the east coast the estuaries areas result in part because of the condi­ ballot and then by socialistic legislation and associated marshes are removing nu­ tions of drainage, farm fertilization and and with delegation of control to the trients which would cost about $2.00 a pound sewage disposal throughout the Mississippi bureaucracy. Americans respect the law of BOD to remove. The load of organic mat­ watershed. The same can be said of nearly no matter how it is enacted. No single ter dumped into these estuaries is destroying every estuary in the country. Thus wetlands individual or group in America can di­ the water quality as is shown by periodicaUy need to be protected from piecemeal devel­ rectly flaunt the law. So the power hun­ low-oxygen concentrations and fish kills. opments which individually have no great The cost of providing secondary treatment effect on the estuarine system, but, taken gry in America have resorted to using plants for all this sewage while high, is a. as a whole have a very significant cumula­ the ballot. This movement toward domi­ cost which our cities can absorb and should tive effect. This can only be done by devel­ nance of our society is developing almost absorb in order to maintain the wetland­ opment of strong management plans, and unnoticed. There are many ways. estuarine systems in a healthy state so that review and permitting authority which First, extend the franchise to more and they can effectively perform the more expen­ transcends that of local governments. more voters who do not care and can be sive task of tertiary treatmen~. So the very Sincerely yours, · easily manipulated. Much of this has real free work east coast estuaries perform JAMES G. GOSSELINK, already been accomplished. Any citizen is worth about $4,000,000 per day-at least Professor and Chairman, Depart­ of minimum age who can make an "X" that is what it would cost to treat the do­ ment of Marine Sciences. mestic sewage currently dumped into them. can register to vote-and he can vote, no Domestic sewage is a special case of a gen­ matter what disability, if someone com­ eral problem which estuaries, over many pletes his ballot for him. millenia, have evolved to handle. Estuaries VOTER REGISTRATION BY POST Next, make it easier to register to vote. are the downstream receivers of river dis­ Already, in many States, no registration charges. Rivers in general have high nutrient CARD WILL LEAD TO DESTRUC­ concentrations and have had them since TION OF SECRET BALLOT is .required; in other States, registration before man started· applying fertilizers on is required only on election day; in some, his farmland. The downstream reservoirs thousands·of ad hoc registrars roam the have evolved in this high nutrient environ­ HON. BURT L. TALCOTT streets, neighborhoods, shopping centers, ment, and have developed as efficient nu­ OF CALIFORNIA schools and union halls to register voters trient traps. The conditions for this are for a fee; periods in which registration is shallow well-mixed waters, marshes which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES required have been reduced; some States trap silt and associated nutrients, and very Tuesday, August 3, 1976 already pe.rmit absentee registration; high microbial activity. When the organic load is too high as in cases of extreme pol­ Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, as we all some already permit registration by post lution or when the river by-passes the es­ know now, Governor Carter has re­ card; and some no longer purge the reg­ tuaries, as is happening with the Mississipp1 quested the majority leadership of the istration rosters for failure to vote. River, the offshore waters become polluted, Congress to quickly enact national legis­ Then, make it easier to vote. Some are that is, anoxic and unable to support marine lation to require voter registration by already planning to allow everyone to life. This leads to the kinds of problems cur­ post card. He, obviously, expects to vote by mail. Voting by mail will permit rently experienced on the beaches from the third pa.rties to monitor our ballots. New York bight north, with the accompany­ garner extra votes by such a law. Other ing high cost of cl.ean-up. special interest groups share the same When this occurs, we no longer have a In addition to this general role of estuarine expectations and concur with. the Presi­ secret ballot-which is the key to the f?ystems as nutrient traps, the extensive ex­ dential nominee of the Democratic Party. integrity of representative democracy. panses of wetlands act as storm reservoirs The majority leadership of the House When the secret ballot is breached, elec­ and protect inland areas from the severe and Senate has capitulated to this de­ tions can be manipulated and political effects of hurricanes and other storms. mand and ordered a bill brought to the control of America can be seized. Marsh filling and human encroachment into floor this week in what can only be Bilingual elections and balloting have coastal areas has resulted in enormous dam­ termed unseemly haste. Parenthetically, been imposed on many communities age from storms, damage which is usually thereby permitting people to vote when paid for finally by the taxpayer through the imagine the alacrity and the supineness federal government. with which the majority would respond they have not even shown enough inter­ Another free service of nature is that of if Governor Carter were President. There est in America to learn its official lan­ harbor and beach protection. Harbors in would be neither check nor balance nor guage. This is just another example of particular are a good example. In 1888, a veto of even this kind and quality of degrading the franchise and, thereby, the geologist, named Dunbar described how all legislation. quality of the process and the product of the harbors of New England filled with silt Obscene legislative speed, a vulgar in­ our electoral system. when the great marshes were drained and flux of money and a flagrant disregard Those who have advocated all these leveed. This occurred because the marshes for the integrity of our electoral system changes to degrade the ballot, the voter were no longer able to trap silt, and be­ and the system are the very ones who cause water currents in tidal passes were are all being used to assist Governor reduced as the intertidal volume decreased. Carter to prostitute our election proc­ have the design and intention to seize It is difficult to put a monetary value on esses to gain a few paltry votes in this political power-something they have these free services. One can quote the enor­ Presidential election. failed to do through economic, intel­ mous expense of dredging, the enormous The integrity of the electoral process lectual or social revolution. costs of storm damage in low-lying coastal ought to be our first concern. The con­ All of the extensions, relaxations and areas, and the expenses which would be in­ venience of the voter must give way to lowering of standards permit, even en­ curred in building tertiary treatment plants the protection of the electoral process. courage, more fraudulent practices. along coastal waters. For instance a rough Registration by post card, or other mail estimate shows that the value of the tertiary Loading up the voter registration rosters treatment which the east coast marshes with disinterested names should be device, provides an added convenience to perform is presently about $'2,500 per acre rejected. persons who wish to register and vote. per year based on the cost of operation of Any degradation of the integrity of our This is over-indulgence. Anyone who is tertiary treatment plants. It should be em­ election system must be resisted at every unwilling to take the time and interest to phasized that this is the social value, that is stage. The battle is on. Years ago in the go to the courthouse or city hall or to it does not accrue to the owner of the wet­ struggle for power in the world, it was telephone a registrar of voters does not lands. These free services accrue to society realized that political power was easier to have sufficient interest to entitle him to as a whole and should the wetlands be de­ stroyed, government would be placed in the achieve than economie, intellectual, vote. Disinte.rested registrants are more position of providing many of the same technological or military power. Achieve­ susceptible to fraud and the undue inft.u· services at tremendous cost in taxes to the ment of political power by military coup ence of the political power brokers. general populace. The conflict between pri­ and revolution has succeeded in many Opportunity to register by mail does vate ownership and the welfare of society is countries, but these methods have always not increase voter registration. His- 25414 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 torical and empirical evidence proves more registrations and reduce the op­ enable third persons to monitor ballots this in Texas, Maryland and New Jersey. portunity for fraud and error over all thus breaching our secret ballot-the Registration by mail only makes it easier methods of mail registration. Face-to­ linch pin of representative government for the disinterested citizen and those face registrations enhance interest in our and democracy. who plan to dupe him. There is no com­ total government as well as just the elec­ This is part of a worrisome scheme to pelling reason for providing an expen­ tions. We need to make government more degrade our political system. I deplore it. sive and questionable service for this intimate and personal. Mail, computers I urge everyone to resist this move and group. and numbers are moving us in the wrong the corollary actions which are certain to Voter interest in the candidate and the directions. follow. We can reverse this ominous issues is a more important factor in voter An illegal, erroneous or illegible post trend before it is too late. But first we turnout than the number or method of card cannot be easily corrected. Face-to­ must be aware of what is happening and registration. f ace registration permits detection and the reasons and motivations behind this Even the cost of registration-an argu­ correction of mistakes promptly. political power play. ment of the proponents-will be de­ One-tenth of all first class letters con­ I have called attention to what I con­ creased only if we abandon the conven­ tain errors on the envelope. Yet addresses sider an ominous trend toward a devas­ tional and effective means of personal are much simpler to complete than voter tating objective to dominate America registration. Duplicate methods of regis­ registration cards. I believe we can ex­ through the wrongful use of the ballot tration will permit duplicate registra­ pect 20 to 30 percent error in post card and the destruction of our venerable tions, and invite more fraud, as well as registration. Registration by mail will election system. cause increased costs and errors. add to the cost and increase the number I urge the House to reject this bill The potental for vote fraud under post of uncorrected errors. It will also lull when it is called up later this week. card registration greatly exceeds any some registrants into a false sense that claimed reduction in cost. they are properly registered until elec­ Post card registration when combined tion day when they arrive to vote and ADMINISTRATIVE RULEMAKING with universal voting by mail-the next discover too late that their vote cannot be CONTROL ACT step being planned by the political power counted. brokers-will more than double the op­ Federal registration by mail will be portunity for fraud-and make the fraud more remote and impersonal than State HON. ALLAN T. HOWE almost impossible to detect and virtual­ registration by mail. OF UTAH ly impossible to prove and prosecute. Speaking of the U.S. mail, some post IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Voter registration fraud not only de­ cards may be lost or misplaced thereby Tuesday, August 3, 1976 grades and distorts our political process, disenfranchising some expectant voters. it can be used for other fraudulent pur­ Some States will deem it necessary to Mr. HOWE. Mr. Speaker, in 1776, poses. Voter registration cards can be maintain a separate voter registration Thomas Paine said that those who expect used for official identification to establish system. In such cases, there will be two to reap the blessings of freedom must citizenship, residence, employment, mar­ systems with resultant duplication and undergo the fatigue of supporting it. riage, age and credit eligibility. This confusion. What brings this quote to mind is the weakens and degrades other legitimate Federal post card registration would fatigue and frustration I increasingly governmental functions. Even those who occur every 4 years, probably concurrent feel in trying to support and preserve might tolerate State post card registra­ with the Presidential elections. Yet many these same freedoms. tion, strongly oppose a Federal mandate States and local political subdivisions re­ As a Member of Congress this task to force post card registration upon State quire elections every 2 years, even every should be simplified, but I can testify to and local political subdivisions. year. The Federal post card registration the fact that it is only further compli­ National legislation would certainly must then be unnecessarily duplicated cated by the responsibility I carry as a result in superseding State legislation. in some States or necessarily inadequate Representative. In asking myself the This is an encroachment upon State's for other States. simple question, who makes the laws? I rights. Our Federal system is based upon Without closer scrutiny than can be am puzzled and must admit I am no our elections being conducted by the employed with post card registration, longer certain. I used to think Congress, States. It has been thus for 200 years; illegal aliens could be able to vote fraud­ the Executive and the courts worked to­ we should be wary about changing ulently and also to use their voter regis­ gether, but now feel we are being super­ this without positive assurance of safe­ tration cards for other purposes that are seded by an increasingly powerful fourth guarding the integrity of our electoral illegal, such as: employment, permanent branch of Government-the regulatory system. residence, welfare assistance and medical bureaucracy. Post card registration is an invitation care. Many of us have watched with alarm to error as well as fraud. Cards will be Federal voter registration implies a as the regulatory structure has grown available wholesale in numerous public usurpation of Federal control of election to the point where it is almost out of con­ places. Sabotage would be easy. It would when there is no demonstrated Federal trol. It is no longer unusual for Con­ be impossible for election officials to dis­ problem or identifiable Federal need. gress to pass legislation with one aim in cover errors or prosecute fraud-espe­ The Federal Government would be able mind only .to have its intent subverted cially in time to avoid or prevent corrup­ to maintain and use a computerized, cen­ or circumvented by an unresponsive bu­ tion or distortion of an election. tralized voter registration list. Most reaucracy. The statistics themselves are Citizens who take the interest and ini­ Americans would prefer not to be on a overwhelming when one realizes that in tiative to register to vote personally are Federal list when there is no need. 1974 alone, 67 Federal agencies, depart­ more likely to take the interest to vote The Federal voter registration pro­ ments, and bureaus adopted 7,406 new and to safeguard the integrity of their gram will require another bureaucracy, and amended regulations. During the vote and the whole election process. more people, more office space and equip­ same period of time, Congress enacted Those whose interest is so apathetic that ment, more computers and facilities, only 404 public laws-a ratio of almost they await the post card are more likely more costs and taxes and tons of new 18 to 1 ! It must be remembered that to fall prey to fraud or victim of error. paperwork. We do not need any of them. the rules and regulations promulgated Even if we could tolerate Federal im­ Federal post card registration is not by the regulatory agencies have the force position of post card registration we only a new and unnecessary Federal of law and yet are beyond the realm of should insist on more time for study, project; it is an unwanted Federal en­ accountability. In the face of these facts, evaluation and deliberation. There are croachment upon a basic State function; the trend has not been of an assertive many differing proposals. Hastily de­ it will requir~ an exorbitant additional legislative branch reclaiming its author­ signed and hurriedly enacted legislation cost; it will offer unlimited opportunity ity. It has rather been the agencies as­ for partisan political advantage will cer­ for error and fraud; it will degrade the suming more and greater powers than tainly produce inferior legislation which most precious function of a representa­ they were ever intended to have. The will plague us in future elections. tive democracy; it will be a foot-in-the­ time of reckoning has truly come for this Face-to-face registrations will produce door toward voting by mail which will expensive, isolated, inefficient and bloat- August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25415 ANOTHER LOOK AT THE ILLEGAL ma.ids and baby-tenders, terrified that a.n im­ ed bureaucracy and some tough decisions migration officer will arrive one day with the must be made. ALIEN PROBLEM warrant that says, "Ba.ck to Santo Domingo!" There exists in Congress a very eff ec­ Or back to Jamaica., Haiti, Mexico, Trln1da.d, tive vehicle for asserting control over Colombia or whatever. this bureaucracy and getting a solid grip HON. MARIO BIAGGI It seems not to matter to these illegals on the future course of events and legis­ OF NEW YORK that they a.re in virtual peonage here, doing lation. That vehicle is the Administrative IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the menial clean-up jobs, working 12 hours Rulemaking Control Act of 1976, intro­ a. day, living like rats in the woodwork. The Tuesday, August 3, 1976 life they left behind ls far, far worse. duced by Representative ELLIOTT LEVITAS. But the problems these non-citizens a.re H.R. 3658 is already cosponsored by a Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I wish to giving us are radically altering the face­ broad bipartisan coalition of 155 Mem­ bring to the attention of my colleagues a.nd the voice--of America. They a.re pushing bers, including myself. This bill is simply a very interesting article on illegal aliens us closer to the Third World, to the oligarchic stated and if passed would enable Con­ entitled "Indentured servants." The au­ structure of South America, to a. land ot gress to exert a large and significant de­ thor of this article which appeared in the teeming poverty with a. few rich and power­ gree of control over the actions of the New York Post was Harriet Van Horne ful families in absolute control. Federal regulatory bureaucracy. Under one of their more noted columnis·ts. If we do not stem the tide of mega.I a.liens, Ms. Van Horne raises the very signifi­ sociologists a.re warning, we shall find our­ this proposal, whenever an administra­ selves a polyglot land in 50 years, with more tive rule is adopted by an agency under cant point that this Nation has been un­ welfare clients than the government can sup­ procedures of the Administrative Pro­ successful in its ability to slow the tide port, and with democracy only a. memory. cedures Act, and a violation of the rule of illegal immigration. She cites two basic How, they ask, can we absorb 10 mmlon could result in a criminal penalty, then reasons. First, the Immigration Service mega.I a.liens with nearly 300,000 legal new­ either House would have a period of time lacks sufficient enforcement personnel comers arriving ea.ch year? We now have to pass a resolution disapproving the and second, Congress has failed to enact seven million Americans unemployed. To keep legislation to penaliz·e employers of illegal the economy healthy we should be genera.t­ proposed regulation. The passage of such ing 72,000 new jobs every year. a resolution would prevent the regulation aliens. The illegals now cost us $16 billion per from becoming operative and in effect it I remind my colleagues that I have year, a staggering sum. It ls the mega.ls who would be vetoed. Similar measures are introduced illegal alien control legisla­ now crowd the hospital clinics and publ1c pending before the Senate and the like­ tion, H.R. 5987. My bill would make it an schools, who tax the transportation system lihood is good that some of this legisla­ immediate crime to knowingly hire illegal and the welfare system. They keep wages tion will reach the floor this year. aliens as well as add 2,500 new enforce­ down, take jobs a.way from our poorest citi­ During my campaign for Congress, I ment personnel to the Immigration Serv­ zens and they pay no taxes. ice. I further remind my colleagues that Should a family of mega.ls produce one frequently pledged to direct my efforts child on American soil, the family is eligible toward controlling the growth of the another such bill has been pending be­ for welfare. Naturally, they manage to do so. Federal bureaucracy and i'ts vast number fore the House Rules Committee since And so the welfare rolls grow and the cl-ties, of regulations which plague the public. last September. I refer to H.R. 8713 as where the mega.ls can best make a living, This is one of many ways which I think introduced by Congressman RODINO. continue to close libraries and expand their will go far toward fulfilling that prom­ While I do have some basic objections to jails. ise-toward making government more this legislation, I feel very strongly that New York is· said to shelter one million responsive and accountable. This bill the Rules Committee should release this lllegals, most of them competing for jobs bill from captivity at once and allow the with 1the Puerto Ricans and blacks, long our should help restore citizen confidence in poorest cl tizens. government by giving them an input in full House to discuss this vitally im­ Traditionally, we are a land that ls proud the regulatory process through their portant issue. Its resolution will be of to give asylum to the poor and homeless. elected representatives. pr-ofound importance to the economic We built a fine country on Europe's "wretch­ However, we must not be fooled into security of all Americans. We must be ed refuse." But Europe sent us famtllee thinking a single piece of legislation will aware that as long as we fail to act, the with a cultural tradition, a. religious ethic, solve all the probems that have been problem will continue and intensify. It a. consuming desire to "make good." Above created over the years of uncontrolled will also contribute to the misconception all, the 19th century immigrant wished to which has been allowed to develop where­ become "Americanized." growth and neglect. A new attitude must The Immigration Act of 1965 changed our be taken toward the regulatory agencies by legal and illegal aliens are mixed to­ laws in a. manner that may forever change by the Congress that establishes a new gether-and this is followed by calls that our na. tional character. Immigra. ti on from and realistic balance for future rela­ we stop all legal immigration into this Western Europe and Canada. has been cuit tions. The heart of this would be an ef­ Nation. I do not feel this is necessary. by 75 per cent. At the same time, immigra­ fective and orderly congressional over­ Prohibiting the employment or the in­ tion from Jamaica and the Ph111ppines has sight system that will compel regulatory dentured servitude of illegal aliens as well increased by 700 per cent. agencies to respond more vigorously to as stricter enforcement of our immigra­ And here, mind you, we a.re speaking of tion laws is what is needed. legal immigrants, duly processed through changing needs. Congress must also stop channels. The mega.ls sneak a.cross the being content to endorse the use of old I now enclose Ms. Van Home's article Mexican border, come by night in small boa.ts. regulatory mechanisms which were set for the consideration of my colleagues: Or they arrive by plane on a. visitor's permit up to meet an entirely different set of INDENTURED SERVANTS and never return home. needs and expect them to be effective in (By Harriet Van Horne) Why do we not send these mega.ls back? meeting the sophisticated problems these There's a. kind of small talk in which I no The easy answer ls that we lack the immigra­ agencies face today. Structural changes longer play a. stellar role, owing largely to my tion police to round them up. The real an­ economic infirmities and boredom with other swer ls that Congress wlll take no steps to and organizational reforms tailored to stem the tide of illegals because "agrlbus1- be people's sex lives. specific agencies should also studied Thanks to a.n automatic tune-out device, ness"-those huge corporate farms of the and considered. Nso, the framework for I a.m spa.red all the chatter a.bout toilet-train­ West--and sweatshop f.actories and building appointment and advancement of o:tll.­ ing Junior, about finding a cheap hotel in contractors save money by hiring illegals. cials should be reviewed. In a recent Paris and the current hanky-panky in South­ Bills have been proposed, over and over, ampton. Or next door. I can replay the after­ that would severely penalize any employer study published by the Senate Commerce who hired illegal a.liens. Thanks to Senaitor Committee, the conclusion was reached dlnner talk of "the la.dies" in my sleep. But now and then a. new line rings out Eastland and other stonehea.ds, these bills that many Federal regulatory appointees above the general babble, riveting me to my die in committee. are not qualified for their jobs. The study chair. Such a. line as "The cook I have now Are we being cruel and intolerant to fear found the selection process for regulators doesn't dare quit. She's an 1llegal and she this relentless tide of a.liens? Not 1! you think "tends to eliminate the person wiith knows I could turn her in." of this troubled country as an overcrowded A variation on this ls the much too com­ lifeboat in a choppy sea. There comes a time talents for imaginative, aggressive regu­ mon remark, "Get an illegal, darling, they'll when there's no more room in the boat. lation" while the chief factors govern­ do anything." For these newcomers, there ls no melting ing appcintments are "powerful connec­ So, we've come to that. Indentured serv­ pot. Hispanic ch1ldren, by the mlllions, a.void tions and poIi.ti cal acceptability." Ob­ ants, tolling for substandard wages, with no school. There ts a.n a.cute shortage of bi­ viously, something needs to be done. hopes or working out the indenture. Captive lingual teachers. The children are not learn- 25416 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 ing to become pa:i;ticipating American citl· 3. Opening remarks-Mr. Peter Lischak, UKRAINIAN CHURCHES, ORGANIZATIONS AND zens. They are a group apart, with no up­ President. UCCA. CLUBS ward mobility. 4. Trio Selections (in Ukrainian): 1. On Holy Trinity Ukrainian Catholic Church- Someday soon, there will be a savage reac­ Dnieper, 2. Three Colors. Msgr. Leo Adamiak, Pastor. tion against these newcomers, and that will 5. Ukrainian Dances-Ukrainian Dancers Holy ';I'rinity Choir-Basil Hewko, Director. produce riots and bitterness. In the mean­ of Youngstown, Ohio, Mr. Nichola~ Woloszyn, Holy Trinity Altar Boys Society. time, the ladies who chat after dinner a.bout Director. Senior Soda.lity of B.V.M.-Mrs. Mary Lou the servant problem will feel secure-Con­ 1. Koza.chok. Prochak. chita will do anything to remain in this 2. Hopa.k. Mother's Club-Mrs. Julia. Hrybiniak. Paradise. 6. Introduction of guests. St. Anne's Ukrainian Catholic Church­ 7. Address-Mr. Joseph Lysawyer, President Rev. Walter J . Wysochansky, Pastor. of Ukrainian National Assn., New York, N.Y. St. Anne's Choir-Miss Marian Izak, Direc­ 45TH ANNUAL uKRAINIAN DAY 8. Roman Rudnytsky, Pianist. Suzanne tress. CELEBRATED IN YOUNGSTOWN, Rudnytsky, Lyric Soprano. St. Anne's Altar Boys' Society-Mark Billy. OHIO 1. Mother-A. Rudnytsky. St. Anne School-Sister Tha.dea., S.S.M.I., 2. You Will Resurrect-A. Rudnytsky. Principal. (In Ukrainian). Suzanne and Roman Rud­ Parents Guild Association-Mrs. Tania Fak HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY nytsky. St. Anne's Ukrainian School-Mrs. Daria. 9. Bouree in A Major, Op. 19, No. 6- Kulchycky. OF OHIO Kosenko. St. Anne's Mother of God Society-Mrs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rhapsody No. 14-Liszt. Roman Rudnytsky. 10. A Quiet Evening--Stetsenko. Annabelle Borovitcky. Tuesday, August 3, 1976 By My Window (In Ukra.inia.n)-Arr. A. St. Anne's Apostolic Men's Society-Donald Rudnytsky. Suzanne and Roman Rudnyt­ Billy. Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, Sts. Peter & Paul Ukrainian Orthodox sky. August l, 1976, I had the pleasure and 11. Six Songs for Suzanne, Op. 52 (1974)- Church-Very Rev. William Olynyk. the privilege of attending the 45th An­ A. Rudnytsky (in English). Sts. Peter & Paul Ukrainian Orthodox nual Ukrainian Day celebration spon­ a. Sweet and Low. Church-Theodore Senediak, President. sored by the Mahoning County Chapter b. A Red, Red Rose. Sunday School Teachers' & Pupils' Associa­ c. Twilight. tion-Very Rev. William Olynyk. of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of Sts. Peter & Paul Church Council-John America. This year's Ukrainian Day cele­ d. To Love Is Sweet. e. Passion and Love. Senchesha.k. bration was dedicated to the American f. Invitation to Love. Suzanne and Roman Sts. Peter & Paul Altar Boys' Society­ Bicentennial and the centennial {)f Rudnytsky. · Gregory Temnick. Ukrainian immigration to America. 12. Benediction-Very Rev. Msgr. Leo Sts. Peter & Paul Junior Sisterhood-Mrs. Mr. Speaker, there are more than 2 Adamiak. Emma Zebosky. million Americans of Ukrainian descent. 13. Ukrainian National Anthem. Parish Choir "Bandurist"-Mrs. Olga Hay­ iev, Directress. They are deeply patriotic citizens who UNRAINIAN CONGRESS· COMMITTEE OFFICERS FOR St. Mary's Sisterhood-Mrs. Mary Opalka. have made great contributions to our 1976 Senior Chapter of Ukrainian Orthodox country both in war and in peace. At the President and Chairman of Ukrainian League-Mike Woloscha.k. same time, they have not abandoned the Day-Pete«' Lischak. Co-Chairman of Ukrain­ Junior Chapter of Ukrainian Orthodox beautiful customs and rich tradition ian Day-Michael Martynszyn. League--Micha.el Wa.lkowiec. their ancestors brought with them to First Vice-President and ToQStmaster­ American-Ukrainian Progressive Club­ America f.rom the Ukraine. Atty. Michael Yurchison. Charles Serednesky. One aspect of the heritage of Ameri­ Second Vice-President-Michael Ma.rty­ Ukrainian Congress Committee of Amer­ nyszyn. ica-Peter Lischak. cans of Ukrainian descent is their in­ Thi.rd Vice-President and Chairman of Ad­ Providence Association, Branch 135- tense passion for liberty. Because of this vertising Committee-Wasyl Prokopyk. Co­ Mykola Lenyk. love of liberty, they have not forgotten Chairlady-Catherine Gill. League of Ukrainian Catholics-Michael their friends and relatives in the Ukraine Recording Secretary-Michael Terlecky. Bilon. who are unable to share in the blessings Corresponding Secretary-Myrosla.wa. Lis­ Ukrainian-American Citizen Club-John of liberty. chak. Da.na.lcha.k. The 45th annual Ukrainian Day f es­ Financial Secretary-Alexander Ryba.It. Urainia.n Credit Union-Trident-Bohdan Treasur.er-Walter Werbl·an. Bolotenny. tivities exemplied all that is best in the National Fund Committee--Mychajlo Bol­ S.U.M.A.-Gregory Kowal. Ukrainian culture, religion, history, and otenny, Chairman; John Lischak. Ukrainian Dance Group-Mykola Woloszyn tradition. I commend all Americans of Public Relations-Prof. George Kulchycky. Ukrainian National Aid Association, Branch Ukrainian descent for their patriotism, Auditing Committee--Walter P. Prochak, 19-Mrs. Irene Kowal. their love of liberty, and their devotion Chairman; Dr. Ilarion Dombchewsky, Kazy­ Ukrainian National Aid Association, to the land of their fathers. myr Bulwa.n, Theodore Swerdan. Branch 96-Mrs. Catherine Gill. I also want to commend Mr. Peter Program Co~mittee--Nicholas styn, Chair­ U.N.A., Branch 119-Mrs. Anne Soroka.. Lischak, president of the Ukrainian Con­ man; Wasyl Prokopyk, Myrosla.wa. Lischak, U.N.A., Branch 140--Steve Terilecky. Mykola. Woloszyn. U.N.A., Branch 348-Mrs. Estelle Wolosyn. gress Committee of America, Mahoning Advisors: Catherine Gill, Michael Bilon, U.N.A., Branch 230-Michael Martynyszyn. County Chapter, the other officers of the Dmytro Hlywa, Mykola Lenyk, Michael U.N.A., Branch 218-John Da.nylchak. Mahoning County Chapter, the 45th an­ Yarosh, Steve Wasylewych, Gregory Kowal, U.N.A., Branch 274-Cha.rles Ha.nkovich. Deacon Peter Wesruowsky. nual Ulrrainian Day committee chair­ BEST WISHES TO ALL UKRAINIANS ON THIS 45TH men and members, and all those who Ladies' Social Committee: Anna. Kulynych, Chairlady; Maria Ryba.It, Marta Bagan, Zonia ANNUAL UKRAINIAN DAY participated, for making the 45th annual Hlywa, Emily Church, Elizabeth Prokopyk, We are gathered here to celebrate Ukrain­ Ukrainian Day celebration a most suc­ Jean Yash, Tania Martynyszyn, Helen Yur­ ian Day in Youngstown and the 200 yea.rs cessful and enjoyable occasion. chison. of independence of our country and the cen­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this Social Committee: Micha.el Choros, Chair­ tennial of the Ukrainian settlement in Amer­ opportunity to insert portions of the 45th man; Theodore Kulynych, Co-Chairman; ica.. This is the land where we enjoy our annual Ukrainian Day program in the John Bagan, Nick Church, John Lischak, independence and freedom. Our hearts and Basil Hewko, Dan Hlywa, Michael Bolotenny. minds are with our brothers and sisters who RECORD at this time. Excerpts from the are scattered all over the world where they program follow: Advertising Committee: Wasyl Prokopyk, Chairman; Catherina Gill, Co-Chairlady; enjoy freedom. But in the land of our 45TH ANNUAL UKRAINIAN DAY Atty. Michiael Yurchison, John strilka, Wal­ fathers, the beautiful, rich land of Ukraine, Dedicated to American Bicentennial and ter Briach, Michael Bllon, Michael MaTtyn­ where the enemy now occupies the land, Centennial of Ukrainian Immigration to yszyn, Peter Lisch·ak, Nicholas Styn, John there is no freedom. We that live in the land America. Lischak, Anna Pirko, Jean Yash, Walter of freedom must never forget our fathers' PROGRAM Werblan. country. We must always keep in our minds: 1. American National Anthem-Trio: Mrs. Admission Tickets: Alexander Rybal t, independence of Ukraine and freedom for Marusla Marczyshyn, Miss Karen Patrick, Steve Waslylewych, Mich'ael Terrlecky, Myron her people. We do not ask for anything more Miss Irene Hawrylko. Lischak, John Lischak, Mykola Lenyk, than what is ours. We have our own culture, 2. Invocation-Rev. Wolodymyr Wysochan­ Micha.el Bolo·tenny, Wasyi Hewko. history, religion and traditions. All we want sky, Pastor of St. Anne Ukrainian Catholic Refreshment Tickets: Mr. and Mrs. Wasyl and must strive for is freedom for our peo­ Church. Prokopyk, and William Prokopyk. ple in their own home. We should never for- August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25417 get to think and pray.-Peter Lischak, Presi­ niversary of Ukrainian settlement in the in the soul of our nation as a restive and dent of the Ukrainian Congress, Committee United States. · durable ferment which reminds us of the un­ of America, Mahoning County Chapter. The Ukrainians of Youngstown are the first finished task and calls on us to bring it to ethnic group to begin the Bicentennial com­ its successful fruition." (From June 26, 1976 issue of Ukrainian daily memorations on the Federal Plaza. newspaper "SVOBODA"] UKRAINIAN BICENTENNIAL CALENDEAR OF CENTENNIAL, OR PERHAPS 375TH EVENTS ' STATEMENT BY MAX BAUCUS ON ANNIVERSARY SOLAR ENERGY LEGISLATION Officially the mid-1970's have been desig­ Saturday and Sunday, May 15 and 16, 1976: nated by the Ukrainian Congress Committee Ukrainian Arts Exhibit of Ukrainian artists of America as the Centennial of Ukrainian of tri-state area in conjunction with Youngs­ HON. MAX S. BAUCUS town State University Bicentennial Celebra­ settlement in the Uni·ted States, but some OF MONTANA evidence exists which reveals that Ukrainians tion. lived here long before the mass immigration Saturday, July 3, 1976: Participation in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to America began in the 1870's and 1880's. Mahoning County Bicentennial Ball at Idora Tuesday, August 3, 1976 In the early years of the 17th century, Park. Captain John Smith, who was later to be­ Monday, July 5, 1976: Ukrainian float en­ Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. Speaker, the con­ come governor of the colony of Virginia, was tered in Mahoning County Bicentennial gressional view of the position of solar escaping through Ukraine from Turkish parade. power in the national energy program captivity. His memoirs include vivid descrip­ Sunday, August 1, 1976: Participation in was clearly demonstrated in House and tion about the land he escaped through and 45th Annual Ukrainian Day at St. Anne Senate action on the ERDA budget re­ a man he befriended named Lavrentiy Bo­ Church. Sunday, October 10, 1976: World-famous quest earlier this year. Where ERDA re­ hoon, who subsequently came with him to quested just under $116 million for all the New World. "Kalyna" dancers will perform at the Powers In the latter part of the 17th century Auditorium. solar programs for fiscal year 1977, Con­ several Ukrainians who were persecuted for gress provided over one-quarter billion their religious beliefs, left Ukraine and went LET HIS MEMORY REMAIN WITH dollars, doubling the ERDA request. to Holland. They later traveled to America Us FOREVER It is clear that Congress sees a much with Dutch colonists and settled down in Symon Petliura-May 10, 187'9-May 25, 1923 greater potential for solar power in the Pennsylvania. Fifty years have elapsed since the tragic short and middle range than does the During the Revolution, General Washing­ death of the Supreme Commander and Head administration. There are a number of ton's army included such Ukrainian names as of the Directorate of the Ukrainian National good reasons for this. Solar energy is Petro Polyn, Mykola Bizun, Ivan Lator, Republic, Symon Petliura, which occurred on Stephen Zubley, Yn.kiv Nemyrych, James May 25, 1926 in Paris. clean, renewable, available for exploita­ Sadovsky, and Samiilo Grabovsky. During the last half of the century, two tion at nearly every point on Earth, and it In 1784, the Russians founded the first set­ new generations of Ukranians were born and is completely free of foreign controls. tlement in Alaska at Three Saints Bay on reared in Ukraine. The land had undergone Moreover, equipment for solar space and Kodiak Island, and brought with them the Golgotha of World War 2. In the after­ water heating and cooling is commer­ Ukrainian Kozaks who were exiled to Siberia. math of the war hundreds of thousands of cially available today, and solar electric At the turn of the century several of these emigres left Ukraine and were dispersed systems are also appearing with increas­ same Alaskan colonists traveled south to the throughout the free world-telling the truth vicinity of San Francisco and established about Ukraine and its enslavement. In ing frequency on the market. more settlements. Ukraine itself a continuous struggle is going A logical extension of congressional Two brothers, Adolph and Francis Petrus­ on against a forced Russification which sentiment would be an alteration of cer­ sevich, fought at the Alamo and Goliad, along threatens the very existence of the Ukrain­ tain provisions of Federal housing pro­ with such legendary her()(ls as Davey Crockett ian people. grams which discourage the use of solar and Jim Bowie. The name of Francis Petrus­ Nevertheless, the image of Symon Petliura thermal equipment by homeowners. sevich is carved in the Goliad battlefield is still before our eyes-the image of one of While these provisions were not formu­ monument where. the artillery captain lost the greatest figures of our-modern history. lated with the express purpose of dis­ his life. The fateful date of May 25, 1926, shall One of the first Ukrainian priests to come always be regarded as a day of national couraging mortgagors from including to America was Rev. Agapius Honcharenko, trag·edy. In commemorating this date we solar systems in their new homes, that is who came from Kiev in the mid-1800's to should realize fully who Symon Petliura was their effect. In an era of increasing escape Tsarist persecution. Travelling all for the Ukrainian people and recognize his scarcity of fossil fuels, it would be ap­ over the country, he finally settled near San role in the Ukrainian aspirations for state­ propriate for Congress to remove disin­ Francisco where he published "The Alaska hood; we ought to realize this not only out centives to the-replacement of conven­ Herald," the first Ukrainian bi-weekly in the of reverence for the martyred leader, but also tional heating and cooling equipment United States, from 1867-1872. because this awareness becomes a guidepost Many Ukrainians had fought during the in our continuing struggle for the attainment with systems powered by the rays of the Civil War, the most famous perhaps being of the national ideals of the Ukrainian people. Sun. Union Officer Brig. Gen. John Turchin, a While in exile, Symon Petliura wrote: "We Until recently, the Federal Housing former officer in the Tsarist army and a firmly believe in the Ukrainian statehood. Administration, FHA, categorically de­ descendant of a Ukrainian Kozak family. For us, it is a living reality, because we are nied Government loans or loan guaran­ Among the many bBlttles for which he was carrying the ideals in our hearts, and be­ tees to applicants who desired to use solar cited was the conflict at Chickamauga. Other cause its spirit and signifioonce permeate our rather than conventional systems to heat officers and enlisted men included such Uk­ very lives .. .'' or cool the property on which they sought rainian names as Vihovsky, I. H. Yarosh, Therefore, the enemy was only quieted Ivan Mara, Andrey Ripka, Julian Ko)llansky, when the hands of Schwartzbard insidiously to secure a loan. Due to a lack of suffi­ and Petro semen. terminated the life of the Supreme Com­ cient research, FHA felt that it could not Subsequent generations of Ukrainians to mander of the Ukrainian Government. approve any solar systems for its mini­ come to the New World also left an indelible Symon Petliura, as a man and statesman mum property standards-standards mark on America by being active in Ameri­ in the modern history of the Ukrainian peo­ which must be met in order to qualify for can community and political life, and by ple, has become a symbol of the struggle for Federal housing loan programs. becoming leading authorities in science, freedom and independence, for a Ukraine With the information provided by the technology, educ81tion, law, medicine, and free of Bolshevik occupation. many other fields. Therefore, we call on our community-the solar heating and cooling demonstration Ukrainian central organizations and their program-set up by Public Law 93-409- UKRAINIAN BICENTENNIAL EVENTS PROGRAM branches-to commemorate reverently this FHA recently fo1·mulated intermediate The Ukrainian Bicentennial Committee of year the memory of the tragically fallen standards for solar equipment, and final the Mahoning Valley was organized May 28, Supreme Commander. We all live in the standards will be available by the end of 1975. Participating in the Committee, which shadow of his personality. Let his memory the decade. Solar systems which meet works closely with the Youngstown Bicenten­ remain forever with us and future genera­ these standards will now be approved by nial Commission, and which is headed by tions in Ukraine and beyond it. FHA and can be included in applications Atty. M. Yurchison, are all local Ukrainian Let these words of Symon P·etliura become for its loan programs. organizat1ons as well as interested individ­ a testament for all of us who are fighting uals. The purpose of the Ukrainian Commit­ for an independent Ukraine: There is still a feature of these pro­ tee is to commemorate the 200th Anniversary "The blood shed for this great ideal is not grams, however, which discourages po­ of American Independence and the 100th An- drying out. Its warmth will remain forever tential mortgagors from "going solar." 25418 EXTENSIO,NS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 Almost every Federal mortgage program Solar Energy for Homes Act. It would ment. First. I am attaching a copy of a contains a limit or limits o-a. the size of increase by up· to 10 percent the limits letter I sent last week to the General Ac­ loans which are covered. B-3cause these on most FHA loan and loan guarantee counting Office, seeking an audit of limits do not, in my opinion, realistically programs for those who need such an in­ HUD's solar energy program and asking reflect the higher initial cost of solar as crease to cover the higher initial cost of for information directly related to my opposed to conventiorJ.al thermal equip­ solar equipment which they wish to in­ solar energy legislative proposals. Sec­ ment, they tend to turn potential pro­ stall in the property they plan to ond, I am attaching copies of the three gram participants away from the former. purchase. bills I am introducing today: Let me elaborate. Since April, I have received many fa­ JULY 28, 1976. There are two ways of comparing the vorable comments on H.R. 13143, not Hon. ELMER STAATS, costs of conventional and solar thermal only from Montanans, but from solar Comptroller-General of the United States, systems. The first way, which is unreal­ equipment manufacturers and users General Accounting Office, Washington, istic, is to look only at the initial costs across the country. Along with their D.C. DEAR MR. STAATS: On September 3, 1974, of the two. A good solar system, includ­ praise, many of these people have in­ President Ford signed into law H.R. 11864, ing the necessary .conventional backup cluded constructive criticism of the bill. the "Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstra­ equipment, when fitted to a new home, In response to this criticism and fur­ tion Act of 1974." The law, now known as would be reasonably priced at $6,000. ther research which my office has con­ P.L. 93-409, set up a program of demonstra· This would represent 15 percent of the ducted, I am today introducing three tion, testing, and advanced development of cost of a $45,000 home, or 20 percent of bills which, as a package, improve and heating and cooling equipment powered by a $30,000 home. It is significantly higher strengthen the original Solar Energy for the sun for residential and commercial ap­ in price than a conventional system. Homes Act. Let me outline the changes plications. A more realistic perspective on the The ultimate goal of the demonstration contained in this package. program was to stimulate the use of solar two is gained by looking at the compara­ First of all, I am replacing one bill with heating and cooling equipment to a greater tive costs of each system over a 10- to a package of three because housing loan degree than would be the case in the ab­ 15-year period. Because the Sun's rays programs exist in three different agen­ sence of the program. This was to be accom· are free, homeowners who have installed cies: HUD, USDA, and VA. I feel that, plished by, first, testing solar equipment un· solar equipment in their homes experi­ in the interests of uniformity, all Federal der field conditions to develop effective per· ence substantial reductions in their housing programs should be indifferent formance criteria; second, setting up dem· monthly fuel bills. Estimates of the sav­ between conventional and solar systems. onstration solar homes and commercial es­ ings from solar systems vary, but most tablishments in various locations around the My original bill only amended FHA pro­ country to lend exposure to solar advantages; studies indicate that within the 10- to grams. third, conducting research to advance solar 15-year period after installation, savings Second, I have increased the maximum heating and cooling technology; and finally, in fuel costs off set the initial cost of extension of loan limits from 10 to 20 establishing a system of data dissemination solar equipment. Over a longer period, percent. Many Federal loan programs to bring advanced techniques to the com­ solar systems are actually cheaper than have limits in the $20,000 to $30,000 mercial market quickly. .conventional systems. range. Even on a $30,000 home, a 10-per­ Two sections of the Act stand out in my The unpredictability of future fuel cent limit extension would only cover a mind. Section 14 states: supplies and prices makes solar systems "In carrying out their functions under this $3,000 solar system. Since most solar sys­ Act, all Federal officers and agencies shall even more attractive over the long run. tems sell for $4,000 to $6,000, I feel that take steps to assure that small business con· In my own State of Montana, for ex­ 20 percent is a more realistic figure. Fur­ cerns will have realistic opportunities to ample, a recent report by the Montana thermore, loan programs for low-income participate in the programs to the maximum Energy Advisory Council highlights this families often have lower limits than extent possible. uncertainty. According to the report: other programs, and a 20-percent figure Thus a distinct desire to support small At current levels of production, Montana's would allow such low-income families to businesses is expressed in the Act. proven gas reserves will be exhausted 1n Section 15(a) expressed congressional de· about 20 years. Assuming an increasing pro­ purchase better solar equipment. sire to a good geographical distribution of portion of these reserves might be consumed Finally, my new bills include major the demonstration sites. It reads: in state and/or that production of gas will home repair as well as new home loan "The residential dwelling and other build· increase as Canadian imports are eliminated, programs. This extends the benefits of ings which will be part of the demonstration the gas reserves are apt to be exhausted in Federal home improvement loan pro­ programs ... shall be located in a sufficient less time. grams to those who wish to improve their number of different geographic areas ... to assure a realistic and effective demonstra­ Natural gas is used to heat many Mon­ homes by adding solar heating and cool­ tion ... 1n both rural and urban locations tana homes, and the shortages and price ing equipment to them. and under climatic conditiohs which vary as hikes implied in this passage make solar As far as cost is concerned, my proPos­ much as possible."· equipment appear even more attractive. als, by themselves, call for no greater Two other sections of the Act are of inter­ Unfortunately, mortgage loans and Federal outlays. Nearly all of the affected est. Section 15(b) indicates that the ad­ loan programs are concerned only with programs provide Government guaran­ minfstrators of the program should take the tees for loans. That is, the Federal Gov­ costs of alternative systems into considera· the initial outlay for a home. Un­ tion when making purchases. This implies doubtedly, some sort of incentive sys­ ernment does not provide the loan, it that administrators should purchase the tems to encourage the use of initially ex­ simply guarantees that it will repay the least expensive system which performs at a pensive solar equipment is justified. loan if the mortgage defaults. given level. However, it is di:tlicult to trace the The overall effect of these three bills Sections 5(c) and (d) and 6(d) and (e) sources and beneficiaries of the advan­ would be to provide the same benefits of give the Secretsry of the Department of Federal loan programs to those who heat Housing and Urban Development a broad tages which solar systems off er home­ range of alternate methods of selecting the owners and the general public, and I am and cool their homes with the Sun's rays homes and homeowners to participate in the not prepared to endorse any of the in­ as are available to those who prefer con­ demonstration program. Section 13 indicates centive packages proposed thus far. This ventional systems. In light of Congress that federal low-interest loan programs will require further study. But I do ad­ determination to accelerate development would be extended to these homes and home· vocate changing current housing loan of solar power as an alternate source of owners. Thus, those selected to participate in programs so that those who choose solar energy, it only seems appropriate that the program stand to benefit from low· interest finance of expensive solar equip­ equipment for their homes can enjoy we remove obstacles to the use of solar ment. the same benefits which Federal pro­ equipment by homeowners. I do not My study of the operation of the Solar grams offer to those who opt for conven­ claim that these bills, if passed, will re­ Heating and Cooling Demonstration Program tional systems. In other words, while it sult in a massive stampede to solar man­ indicates that the administrators are not may be premature to provide a system ufacturers. But they do represent a small implementing the Act in a manner consist· of incentives to solar equipment users, uncontroversi8.I step which we can take ent with these !our areas, particularly in my we should certainly remove disincentives this year to make conditions a little more own State of Montana. Small businesses are to them. favorable for solar power. being ignored, large areas of the country have been excluded from participation 1n In an effort to do just that, I intro­ Mr. Speaker, there are several items I the program, high costs units are being pur· duced on April 9, 1976, H.R. 13143, the would like to be included with my state- chased when equally efficient low cost units August 3, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25419 are available, and HUD grants are beir;_g other nonprofit institutions, the last five represents a "limitation on the amount of a withheld from individual homeowners and groups as defined by the Senate Select Com­ loan that may be made on a single- or multi­ contractors with presold units. mittee on Small Business, and family dwelling unit or a limitation on the According to Part II of a Senate Select By location of the person or group in amount of the prlncpal obligation of a mort­ Committee on Small Business report entitled question. gage on such unit which may be insured or "Energy Research and Development and I also want a listing of other grants which purchased under any such program, if such Small Business," small businesses, as defined each person or group has received from ERDA increase represents the increase in the cost by the Small Business Administration, re­ or HUD during the last five years in con­ of the dwelling unit which may be attributed ceived 5.9 % of the dollar amount of con­ nection with any other programs which these to the unit's being heated or cooled (or tracts awarded in connection with the P.L. two agencies have administered. both) by solar heating, solar heating and 93-409 program over the past two fiscal years. One final item. I have introduced my own cooling, or combined solar heating and cool­ This hardly seems consistent with the con­ solar energy bill, H.R. 13143, which seeks to ing, as defined in paragraphs ( 1) and ( 2) of gressional intent cited above. raise the unit ceilings on federal housing section 3 of the Solar Heating and booling Montana has not yet received a demonstra­ loan programs. A more detailed description Demonstration Act of 1974. tion project under the program. This is in of my bill is enclosed. I am now drafting INCREASE IN AMOUNT OF HOME IMPROVEMENT spite of the fact that Montana contains three new bills along the same lines as H.R. eight National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad­ LOAN WHICH MAY BE INSURED IF THE LOAN IS 13143. In all of these bills, I am seeking to USED TO ACQUIRE A SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM ministration Principal Climatological Sta­ remove obstacles and replace them with in­ tions-more than all but two of the conti­ centives for developers who might install SEC. 3. Section 2(b) of the National Hous- nental United States. Two major climate sys­ solar power equipment in homes they are ing Act is amended by adding at the end tems divide the state, yet apparently they do building. These bills are based on the as­ thereof the following new undesignated not vary or represent their respective systems sumption that the current ceilings on ifed­ paragraph: enough to meet the geographical distribu­ eral housing loan programs actually deter "Notwithstanding any limitation in this tion requirement of P.L. 93-409. solar powered equipment installation. I section or in any other provision of law, the I have been informed by officials in both would like to know whether this assump­ principal obligation of any loan or advance HUD and ERDA that a lack of interest on tion is correct. Would you be able to look insured under this section and used for the the part of Montanans is responsible for the into this for me? acquisition and installation of any solar en­ absence of solar demonstration projects in I have asked Steve Browning, my adminis­ ergy system may be equal to the reasonable, the State. Yet, my travels and meetings in trative assistant, to coordinate this request. total cost of such acquisition and installa­ the State have led me to a different con­ Should you or your staff have additional tion." clusion. I have received expressions of seri­ questions on this matter, please do not hesi­ AUTHORITY TO USE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ous interest in solar energy from home­ tate to call me or Steve. BLOCK GRANTS TO ENCOURAGE COMMUNITY owners, inventors, and contractors all over I do hope you will be able to carry out the DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITmS RELATED TO THE 'USE Montana. Under a recent state law, proposals study requested. I look forward to hearing OF SOLAR ENERGY IN RESIDENTIAL HOUSING were solicited for funds available through from you on your proposed study schedule. SEC. 4. Section 105(a) of the Housing and the state coal tax for alternate energy !re­ With best personal regards, I am search and development. Over sixty separate Community Development Act of' 1974 is Sincerely, amended by striking out "and" at the end proposals for solar R & D alone were re­ MAX BAUCUS. ceived in Helena. I wonder how many other of paragraph ( 12) , by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (13) and inserting areas in the country have been excluded from H.R. 15014 the program for this kind of a "lack of inter­ in lieu thereof "; and", and by adding the est in solar energy." A bill to authorize Federal assistance under following new paragraph at the end thereof: The enclosed reprint from materials I re­ the Consolidated Farm and Rural Develop­ "(14) payments to assist residential hous­ ceived from Dr. Harry Thomason summar­ ment Act with respect to using solar energy ing owners to acquire and ' install any solar izes the complaints about HUD/ERDA in residential structures on family farms heating, solar heating and cooling, or com­ favoritism of high-cost equipment which I Be it enacted by the Senate and House oj bined solar heating and cooling system, as have heard from many sources. I have tried Representatives of the United States of defined in paragraphs (1) and (2) of sec­ in vain to understand why these agencies America in Congress assembled, That section tion 3 of the Solar Heating and Cooling would not purchase the least expensive unit 303 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural De­ Demonstraiton Act of 1974, if such acquisi­ which meets given performance standards. velopment Act (7 U.S.C. 1923) is amended tion and installation is part of community Finally, HUD has adopted a policy of in­ by inserting "(a)" immediately before the development activities designed to utilize viting project proposals only from contrac­ first sentence and by adding the following new energy resources." tors who have not presold the units which new subsection at the end thereof: H.R. 15016 a.ire to be included in the program. This "(b) For purposes of this subtitle- A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, means that if an individual is planning to "(2) the term 'improving farms' includes to provide Federal loans and loan guaran­ build a home with solar heating or solar the acquisition and installation of any solar tees to veterans for the purchase and in­ heating and cooling and is willing to provide heating, solar heating and cooling, or com­ stallation of heating and cooling systems information to the government about the bined solar heating and cooling system in a which utilize solar energy perform~nce of the system, his proposal will residential structure located on a family Be it enacted by the Senate and House of be turned down by HUD and he will be farm; Representatives of the United States of ineligible for the low-interest loan limit "(2) the term 'solar heating' has the same America in Congres assembled, That section extension outlined in Section 13. This policy meaning given such term in section 3 ( 1) 1810(a) of title 38, United States Code, is would seem to favor big contractors who can of the Solar Heating and Cooling Demon­ amended by adding at the end thereof the afford the irisk of putting solar units into stration Act of 1974; and following new paragraph: unsold homes. This policy also seems to go "(3) the terms 'solar heating and cooling' "(7) To purchase and install solar heat­ against the grain of congressional intent as and 'combined solar heating and cooling' ing, solar heating and cooling, or combined embodied in the Act. have the same meaning given such terms in solar heating and cooling, as defined in para­ Because of the evidence I have received section 3 (2) of the Solar Heating and Cooling graphs (1) and (2) of section 3 of the Solar that P.L. 93-409 is not being administered Demonstration Act of 1.974." Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of in accordance with express and implied con­ 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5502), in any dwelling, farm gressional intent, I am requesting the Gen­ H.R. 15015 residence, or residential unit described in eral Accounting Office to conduct an audit A bill to provide more Federal .assistance un­ paragraph (6), owned and occupied or to of the program. Specifically, I desire the fol­ der certain housing programs for dwelling be-owned and occupied by him as his home.". lowing information: units which utilize solar energy SEC. 2. Section 1810(c) of title 38, United States Code, is amended- ( 1) Who has been informed of the spe~ific Be it enacted by the Senate and House of (1) by inserting "(1)" immediately after opportunities available for participation in Representatives of the United States of "(c) "; the prograqi? Americ0: in Congress assembled, ( 2) by inserting ", other than for the pur­ (2) Who ha.s submitted proposals for par­ SHORT TITLE poses of paragraph (7) of subsection (a)," ticipation in the program, either for research, SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the immediately before "shall not be"; data dissemination, or demonstration? "Solar Energy for Homes Act of 1976". (3) by inserting ", other than paragraph ( 3) Who has been accepted for such par­ INCREASE IN AMOUNT OF LOAN WHICH MAY BE (2) of this subsection," immediately before ticipation, and to what degree are they par­ MADE, INSURED, OR PURCHASED BY FMHA, F,HA, "and other"; and ticipating in the program? AND GNMA IF SUCH" LOAN CONCERNS A DWELL­ (4) by adding at the end thereof the fol­ In terms of defining the "who" in each of ING UNIT UTILIZING SOLAR ENERGY lowing new paragraph: "(2) An amount of guaranty entitlement these areas, I wish the information broken SEC. 2. The administrator of any Federal shall be available to a veteran for the pur­ down: program which ls established by title II or chase and installation of a solar energy sys­ Among individuals, small businesses, gov­ III of the National Housing Act or title V of tem described in paragraph (7) of subsec­ ernment agencies, giant corporations. other the Housing Act of 1949 shall increase by not tion (a) in an amount equal to the lesser businesses, and colleges, universities, and more than 20 per centum any amount which of- CXXII--1603-Part 20 25420 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1976 "(A) the reasonable, total Cbst of such Zone who may be required to relocate as the influence on the performance of the purchase and installation; or result of changes agreed to by the United State's regulatory agencies. The bill "(B) 20 percent of the value, as de­ States and Panama. These individuals, many would literally "let the sun set" on the termined by the Administrator, of the struc­ of whom are second and third generation State's agencies by terminating them ture in which such system is to be in­ Zonians, must receive full financial and em­ within 7 years unless the legislature stalled.". ployment protection, and this should be SEC. 3. Section 1811 (d) (2) of title 38, clearly spelled out well in advance. votes to continue them. The original United States Code, is amended- A specific plan should be adopted to in­ concept was devised by Common Cause, ( 1) by striking out "in section" and in­ crease participation by Panamanians at all but was ultimately carried and passed serting in lieu thereof "in sections 1810(a)­ levels of Canal Company management. Al­ with the combined support of both con­ (7) and" in subparagraph (A); though over 70 per cent of Company em­ sumer advocates and Republican con­ (2) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as ployees are Panamanians, they are generally servatives. In this particular instance, subparagraph (C); and restricted to lower level and minor super­ Colorado had more than 40 State boards (3) by inserting immediately after sub­ visory jobs. paragraph (A) the following new subpara­ The highly visible American presence in and agencies whose activities ranged graph: the Zone should be reduced where possible. from the granting of licenses to more "(B) The original principal amount of any The Zone is 10 miles wide and is inhabited grandiose regulatory involvements. It is loan made under this section for purposes by over 40,000 U.S. citizens. It has been called hoped that this action will become a described in section 1810(a) (7) of this title a swath of American suburbia, dropped into model for other State legislatures to shall not exceed the amount of guaranty en­ the middle of another and wholly different follow and even for Congress itself to titlement available to a veteran under sec­ world. I doubt whether all of the people and consider. tion 1810(c) (2) of this title.". facilities located in the Zone are needed for It SEC. 4. The amendments made by this Act either operating or defending the Canal, and seems that for once the Federal shall take effect on the one hundred and these should be promptly identified and re­ Government has not been caught un­ twentieth day beginning after the date of the located. aware and several efforts which resemble enactment of this Act. Segregation by nationality in both schools Colorado's "sunset" law are in the works and housing must be permanently aban­ already. These range from bills with doned. The present Governor of the Canal specific termination dates for Federal SHIPPING LEADER TALKS SENSE ON Zone, General Parfitt, has taken some very agencies unless they prove cost effective­ CANAL specific and courageous steps in this area, ness or similar performance in the pub­ and deserves a great deal of commendation. Finally, some consideration should be giv­ lic interest to those of more moderate HON. PAUL SIMON en to increasing the present annuity pay­ proportions. It is generally recognized OF ILLINOIS me;nt to Panama which was last adjusted 1n that a major failing of congressional 1955. procedure on many fronts, is an unwill­ IN THE .HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ingness to reexamine what it has created Tuesday, August 3, 1976 Mr. Reynolds concludes his remarks or review what it has directed. The only with these words: Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, a friend of result of such negligence is an ever-in­ At a recent hearing of the House of Rep­ creasing budget, an isolated bureau­ mine from Panama, Jim Holland, origi­ resentatives' Panama Canal Subcommittee, nally from my district in southern Illi­ its very distinguished Chairman, Congress­ cracy, unaccountable, recalcitrant agen­ nois, sent me a copy of a speech given man Ralph Metcalfe, called for an air of cies, and overall unmanageability. by Mr. James J. Reynolds, president of humaneness and decency to pervade our These reasons are enough for us all to the American Institute of Merchant dialogue with Panama. I fully support his consider Federal "sunset" legislation Shipping, which represents some 35 com­ plea, and am certain it would be seconded with the utmost seriousness. In such a panies which own and operate more than over and over again by our industry. Chauv­ consideration I think that three goals half of the ocean-going vessels in the inism and jingoism are dead. The era of gun­ can readily be agreed upon: first that active U.S. Merchant Marine. The talk boat diplomacy and campaign-hatted Marine Federal agencies should be made more landings are well behind us. sensitive to the needs of citizens, second, which Mr. Reynolds gave was to the Pro­ It is time to recognize what our real in­ peller Club in San Francisco, Calif. that they should become more respon­ terests in the Canal are, and then to take sive to these needs, and third, that Con­ Obviously Mr. Reynolds and the people such steps as may be required to protect he represents have as much at stake eco­ them. And in such an effort, you can hardly gress must install a more effective over­ nomically in seeing that the Panama find two better watchwords than humaneness sight mechanism than presently exists. Canal stays open as anyone. and decency. The heart of exercising effective con­ It is significant that he calls for sane, I greatly appreciate your giving me this trol lies in budget control, a concept sensible policies of negotiation. opportunity today to express some of my which, although it has long been recog­ His talk appears in the July 25 issue thoughts on a very complex and emotional nized by Congress, has only recently been of the Star and Herald of Panama City. subject. If your inclination is to rally round taken seriously. I firmly believe that we the fiag and say to my country right or will not get the cost of living or the cost In his talk he says: wrong, I do hope you will reflect on things a It is certainly fair to say that there is a of anything under conrtrol until we get little more. If you have not given this too the cos1t of government under control. long, hard road to be traveled before the much thought yet, I urge you to do so. And ratification of any Treaty implementing such The first step was taken through imple­ I further urge you, individuals having a menting the Budget Impoundment and principles could be seriously considered. Yet, strong interest and background in interna­ if there is a breakdown of negotiations or a tional commerce, to make your views known, Control Act and I think we can agree fiat rejection of a Treaty by Congress, the and to participate in this growing national that this process has proven iitself worthy consequences for Canal users could be cata­ dialogue. and invaluable. This new "watchdog" strophic. I am not going to engage in a lot process enables us to manda;te spending of scare talk about riots and sabotage, this nation does not jump to knee jerk diplo­ limitations and establishes national pri­ matic reaction because of such threats, but "SUNSET" liEGISLATION-GOVERN­ orities. If we remain with the pre-set it is not at all difficult to conjure up scenarios MENT ECONOMY AND SPENDING guidelines just agreed upon by both under which Canal operations would be very REFORM Houses, we will have a one-third reduc­ seriously disrupted. The problem is there, tion in the deficit over last year and be and all of the loose talk about shoulder-to­ well on the road to a balanced budget shoulder Marines is not going to make it go ·HON. ALLAN T. HOWE position. The next essential step in bring­ away. OF UTAH ing the Government programs we have He calls for a five-point program which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES now under control and reclaiming the we can initiate immediately before any Tuesday, August 3, 1976 public trust is enactment of the "Govern­ treaty is finally signed betwe~n the ment Economy and Spending Reform Ac it United States and Panama. The five Mr. HOWE. Mr. Speaker, the State of points he suggests are points which any Colorado has recently ·begun an impor­ of 1976" (HR 11734) . This bill would re­ reasonable observer, I believe, should tant experiment in governmental re­ quire complete congressional review of agree to. They are: form which we should all take note of. current spending programs to determine, Most importantly, a very specific commit­ The State legislature has passed and first, whether it is duplicated by other ment should be made by the U.S. Govern­ the Governor just signed, a novel "sun­ programs; second, whether it is achieving ment to fully protect residents of the Canal set" law which should have a dynamic its objectives; third, what its objectives • 4ugust 4, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 25421 are for the succeeding 4 years. The bill is 156 income security programs, and 83 Thus a critical aspect to be considered founded on the premi.Se of "zero-based" housing programs-many of these over­ in a program of budget reform should be budgeting concept which would require lapping one another and duplicating ef­ bringing much of this uncontrollable sec­ Congress to evaluate an entire appropria­ forts. The extent of the problem is re­ tor into the review and authorization tion request from the bottom up, rather flected in the fact that many congres­ process at least every 4 years. than just considering requests for in­ sional committees do not even know the There are many diverse efforts in Con­ creases, and therein identify unnecessary programs in their jurisdictions. A sad gress which share the goal of govern­ expenditures. In essence, this "sunset" fact for an oversight body. mental reform or curbing the bureauc­ concept as applied to budgetary reviews One reason for this is that of the ap­ racy. These range from rulemaking would take Congress away from its habit proximately $400 billion we will spend activities and paperwork control to open­ of shot-gun appropriations and instead this year, approxima.tely 75 percent is ing Government and increasing ac­ institute a methodical, organized, and classified by the Office of Management countability. However, it is my feeling extremely thorough confrontation with and Budget as "uncontrollable." These that the cornerstone of reform remains the question of how and where public funds include social security benefits, within the pursestrings and regaining funds are to be spent. medicare and medicaid, interest on the control of the budget. It is interesting Several facts of butj.getary life in Con­ public debt, and other longstanding, that even these problems of expanding gress point out the need for restoration mandated programs which have become Government did not go unrecognized by of effective management. During the woven into our national fabric. The fi­ the founders of this Nation. Jefferson drafting of the Government Economy nancing level of these programs was pre­ once commented that we would never · and Spending Reform Act, the Senate scribed by formulas written into the law be happy unless we could prevent Gov­ sponsors encountered difficulties in cata­ and cannot be influenced by the Appro­ ernment from wasting the labors of the loging tl!e horrendous number of Federal priations Committee. Of the remaining people under the pretense. of caring for agencies. Beginning from the 11 Cabinet­ 25 percent which is in the control of them. 1. find it perfectly credible that level departments, they tallied 44 inde­ Congress, the better part goes to defense. our present impacted, overextended pendent agencies, and more than 1,200 After this large share is accounted for, Government stems directly from efforts advisory boards, commissions, commit­ there is only a scant 7 percent which to care for and anticipate every need of tees, and councils. There is really no remains in the control of yearly authori­ American citizens. Yet, however virtu­ complete list of the countless Federal zations. This share consists of grants to ous our motives, we must realize that a agencies and jurisdictions under the Fed­ States and localities, and many social government that does too much for the eral auspices whose existence was at one programs such as employment, educa­ people prevents them from doing things time or other probably legislaited, ex­ tion, health care, environment, law en­ themselves and fosters resentment. The tended, or affirmed by Congress. Spread forcement, recreation, and natural re­ task ahead is now to recognize and ac­ throughout the vast bureaucracy there sources. When considering reductions in commodate ourselves to a new conception are 1,000 aid programs for Stare and these areas, important considerations of of the future which is not predicated on local governments, 228 health programs, human needs must be accounted for. government omnipotence.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, 4ugust 4, 1976 The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER his colleagues in the Congress and all The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, Missourians in mourning the loss of this D.D., offered the following prayer: The SPEAKER. The Chair desires to announce that the announcement of the committed public servant. That loss is Keep yourselves in the love of God.­ death of our beloved colleague, the gen­ only compounded by the death of his wife Jude 21. tleman from Missouri STUART SYMINGTON, the