September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25183
EXT1ENSIONS OF RE.MARKS THOUGHTFULNESS ACROSS PARTY This doesn't mean the end of the two-. firmly concludes that employer has not LINES party system in America, of course, but it was satisfied its burden of proof," established a nice thing for Mr. and Mrs. Nixon, Repub in licans, to do for Mr. and Mrs. Johnson, by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Democrats. Weeks v. Southern Bell Telephone and HON. CHARLOTTE T. REID Telegraph Co., 408 F. 2d 228 0969): OF ILLINOIS Good manners and thoughtfulness indeed can cross party lines. namely, that the employer must have "a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES factual basis for believing, that all or Thursday, September 11, 1969 substantially all women would be unable to perform safely and efficiently the Mrs. REID of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, A SIGNIFICANT COURT DECISION duties of the job involved." recently the Nation witnessed a signifi AGAINST SEX DISCRIMINATION Most significant is Judge Johnson's ob cant display of national unity, tran IN EMPLOYMENT servation that the employer oughrt "to scending partisan political lines, in the determine on an individual basis gracious meeting between President and whether a person is qualified for the posi Mrs. Nixon and former President and HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS tion," rather than using a "class distinc Mrs. Johnson. OF MICHIGAN tion" which "deprives some women of Editorials pointing out the merits of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES what they regard as a lucrative and this symbolic joining of hands appeared Thursday, September 11, 1969 otherwise desirable position." in the Christian Science Monitor on Certainly, I commend Judge Johnson August 25 and the Atlanta Constitution Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, the on his enlightened approach to the great on August 29, and I would like to include decision recently issued by Federal Dis problem of sex discrimination in employ these editorials in the RECORD: trict Judge Frank Johnson in Cheat ment; and I include the full text of his [From the Christian Science Monitor, wood v. South Central Bell Telephone order and judgment, and, the ensuing writ Aug. 25, 1969) & Telegraph Co. (C.A. 2796-N, Dist. of injunction against the South Central PRESIDENT TO PRESIDENT Ct., M.D., Ala., N.DJ is an important Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co., ait this Everyone wins, when simple human gra precedent in"the ever-growing list of ju point in the RECORD: ciousness is manifested. It was gracious of dicial decisions which are slowly, but [In the U.S. District Court for the Middle President Nixon to invite former President surely, helping to eliminate sex discrim District of Alabama, northern division) Lyndon Johnson and his wife, Lady Bird, to ination in our country. I think that a birthday party in LBJ's honor at Redwood CLAUDINE B. CHEATWOOD, PLAINTIFF, V . SOUTH Members of Congress, and the general CENTRAL BELL TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH Co., National Park. And it is gracious to dedicate public will be interested in knowing there a stretch of majestic trees as Lady Bird DEFENDANT Johnson Grove. It was also gracious of the about that case. The telephone company (Civil action No. 2796-N) had rejected applications by its women Johnsons to accept the invitation. ORDER AND JUDGMENT In her years in the White House, Mrs. employees for jobs as "commercial rep Johnson devoted herself most effectively to resentatives" solely because they were In this action Mrs. Claudine B. Cheatwood the beautification and conservation of the charges her employer, South Central Bell women. The company resorted to the Telephone & Telegraph Company, with dis American environment. customary argument used by employers crimination on the basis of sex in filling a There has been a worthy tendency lately of who discriminate against women; White House occupants to stretch hands vacancy for the job classification of commer across the political divide. Presidents Ken namely, that title VII of the Civil Rights cial representative in Montgomery, Alabama, nedy and Johnson consulted With General Act of 1964 prohibiting sex discrimina in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Eisenhower. President Nixon stopped off at tion in employment has an exception for Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e. Independence, Missouri, to see former Presi jobs "where sex is a bona fide occupa It is admitted that the plaintiff and two dent Truman, and presented him with a tional qualification reasonably necessary other female employees submitted timely bids White House piano. In a different milieu, for the vacancy, that Employer declined to to the normal operation of that particu consider the bids of the female employees President Nixon was on hand to honor Chief lar business or enterprise," and that the Justice Warren when he retired. without considering their individual qualifi There is little enough reason, at any time, job of commercial representative for the cations, and that the job was awarded to the for the politics of acrimony and scorn. Per telephone company came within that ex only male applicant. haps the respect which recent presidents, ception. It is also undisputed that on or about May when not on the campaign trail, have shown First, the company said that the em 12, 1967, within 90 days following Employer's for each other stems from understanding of ployee would at times travel in rural failure to consider her application, plaintiff the heavy burdens borne. At any rate, if areas where she would have to change filed a charge of discrimination with the there are any hatchets lying around, it is Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. tires on her automobile or not find rest The charge was amended on or about July fitting to bury them in a forest of these room facilities. This, said Judge John majestic trees. Just so long as they are not 20, 1967, and was served upon the Southern used against the redwoods! son, is a "makeweight" and "no proof Bell Telephone & Telegraph Company (Em that all or nearly all women would be un ployer's corporate predecessor) on or about [From the Atlanta Constitution, able to cope with these difficulties." July 24, 1967. On July 26, 1968, the Commis Aug. 29, 1969) Second, the company said that the job sion issued its decision finding that reason might expose women to harassment and able cause existed to believe that Employer THOUGHTFULNESS ACROSS PARTY LINES danger when collecting overdue bills, or had committed an unlawful employment The South, noted for hospitality, probably practice in violation of Title VII. On October paid special attention to the visit by the collecting from telephone coinboxes in 29, 1968, the Commission issued a letter to Lyndon Johnson family of Texas to the resi bars or poolrooms. Judge Johnson pithily plaintiff advising that its effort to conciliate I dence of the Richard Nixon family in Cali dismissed that suggestion by poin ting ourt plaintiff's charge of discrimination had failed fornia. that these possibilities are not "function to achieve voluntary compliance and notify A band greeted the former President at the ally related to sex" and "mean nothing ing her that she could institute a civil ac airport, and there was singing of "Happy more than that some women, and some tion within 30 days. Birthday to You" for Mr. Johnson, 61 that men, might not wish to perform such Employer has, in effect, admitted a prima l\ day. Mrs. Nixon presented Lady Bird Johnson facie violation of§ 703(a) of the Civil Rights \ tasks." a bouquet of yellow roses, and the band Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000c-2(a) which pro launched into the song of that name identi Third, the company said that the job vides in pertinent part: fied with Texas. requires occasional lifting of coinboxes " (a) Employer Practices: It shall be an After lunch, the Nixon and Johnson fam in cases weighing from 45 to 80, and unlawful employment practice for an em ilies flew into Northern California where a sometimes 90 pounds. On this point ployer-( 1) to fail or refuse to hire or to grove in the Redwood National Forest was Judge Johnson accepted the judgment of discharge any individual, or otherwise to dis dedicated to Mrs. Johnson, "who," said Presi an experienced obstetrician-gynecologist criminate against any individual with respect dent Nixon, "has done so much to stir in the who testified that between 25 and 50 per to his compensation, terms, conditions, or American conscience a deepened sense of privileges of employment, because of such unity with our national environment." cent of all women could perform such individual's ... sex ... ; or Mrs. Johnson's husband declared, "I don't tasks. Judge Johnson therefore decided "(2) to limit, segregate, or classify his em know of any of my 61 birthdays that has that although these weight lifting tasks ployees in any way which would deprive or been happier or one where people have tried "begin to approach the outer limits of tend to deprive any individual of employ to make me happier." what women should undertake, this court ment opportunities or otherwise adversely 25184 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 affect his status as an employee, because of Employer also contends that the duties of the lordosis makes the low back of the fe such individual's . . . sex." commercial representative would subject a male more prone to stress and strain from Employer has consistently contended., how female employee to harassment and danger. lifting; Dr. Cohen testified that he knew ever, that the position of commercial repre This is based partly on problems arising of no such tendency and suggested that the sentative fits within the exception to the gen from the collection of over due bills and greater curvature makes it easier for women eral prohibition of discrimination against partly on the fact that when acting as a sub to bend forward and pick up objects.3 women set forth in § 703(e) (1), 42 U.S.C. stitute coin collector, the employee must Dr. Herren seemed to feel that osteoporosis § 2000e2(e) (1) which provides in pertinent make collections in bars, poolrooms, and would be quite significant in preventing part: other such locations. Again, however, there women from safely performing this job; Dr. "(e) Notwithstanding any other provi is nothing in the record to indicate that Cohen, with considerable experience in this sion of this subchapter, (1) it shall not be these features of the position are function particular subject, testified that only about an unlawful employment practice for an em ally related to sex. They mean nothing more 5 percent of the female population has a ployer to hire and employ employees, ... than that some women, and some men, significant degree of osteoporosis prior to age on the basis of his . . . sex, . . . in those might not wish to perform such tasks. Here, 65. The doctors agreed that in most cases certain instances where . . . sex, . . . is a however, the record is clear that one ob osteoporosis can be modified or avoided al bona fide occupational qualification reason tains this position by bidding for it and that together with hormonal treatment. The ably necessary to the normal operation of if one is dissatisfied it is possible to request doctors also agreed that little lifting should that particular business or enterprise, ..." a transfer or a return to the former posi be done during pregnancy. Finally, Dr. (Emphasis added.) tion. Cohen testified that in his opinion between In a recent case quite similar to the one Employer has consistently placed principal 25 and 50 percent of the female population sub judice, the Court of Appeals for the Fifth reliance on the fact that certain aspects of could perform the coin collector relief work; Circuit made clear that the burden of proof the job as performed in Montgomery require Dr. Herren, while not asked by Employer is on the employer to demonstrate that a lifting of weights. Although other aspects of whether all or substantially all women could given position fits within the bona fide oc.. the job require occasional lifting, the alleged perform the job, admitted on cross examina cupational qualification exception. Weeks v. strenuousness of the position relates primar tion that some women, depending upon the Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co., ily to the work involved in relieving the coin individual, could perform the lifting with 408 F. 2d 228 (5th Cir. 1969). The court in collector. The evidence reflects that other out hazards. Weeks went on to explain the extent of the commercial representatives in Montgomery A thorough consideration of the evidence showing required. to satisfy that burden: have spent an average of two days per week makes clear that it is "rational," rather "In order to rely on the bona fide occupa on this relief work. In a normal day of this than merely capricious, for the employer to tional qualification exception, an employer work a commercial representative would col discriminate against women as a class in has the burden of proving that he had rea lect approximately 45 coin boxes from pay filling this position, i.e., on the average, sonable cause to believe, that is, a factual stations on his route. As they are collected, men can perform these tasks somewhat basis for believing, that all or substantially these coin boxes are placed in a small metal more efficiently and perhaps somewhat more all women would be unable to perform case which is compact and relatively easy safely than women. Employer relies upon safely and efficiently the duties of the job to handle. Each case will hold up to nine a statement in Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive involved." coin boxes. A case weights approximately Co., 272 F. Supp. 332, 365 (S.D. Ind. 1967), The only issues in this case, then, are de 6 pounds empty, and the estimates of its for the proposition that such a showing is termining the duties of a commercial repre weight when full varied from 45 to 80 sufficient to rely upon the bona fide occupa sentative and determining whether or not pounds. An actual random sample indicated tional qualification exception: all or substantially all women would be un that the average on a particular day in "Generally recognized physical capabili able tb perform those duties safely and effi Montgomery was 60%, pounds. Occasionally, ties and physical limitations of the sexes ciently. a case will weight over 90 pounds. In a given may be made the basis for occupational The official job description in effect at the day, from five to nine cases must be handled, qualifications in generic terms." time this dispute arose provides: and each case must be lifted and/or carried As indicated above, however, Employer "Commercial representative-(9/49) Han full in, out or around the collection truck faces a more substantial burden. The lan dles commercial matters primarily out four times a day. guage quoted from Bowe was specifically side the Company's office, such as visits to In an effort to generate the desired in rejected in Weeks for the Fifth Circuit and customers' premises in connection with crit ferences from these facts, the pa.fties en the Commission is urging on appeal that icisms, facilities, securing signed applica gaged in a battle of experts. Defendant pro it be rejected by the Seventh Circuit--in tions where required, credit information, de duced Dr. Wood Herren, a doctor who, sub both instances for the very good reason posits, advance payments, coin telephone in sequent to the complained-of events, was that if it were followed the bona fide oc spections, anj visits in connection with live appointed defendant's medical director.• cupational exception would swallow the rule and final account treatment work. May also Dr. Herren is an internal medicine specialist against discrimination. be a.ssigned to work inside the office pertain which, according to his testimony, is a mod Weeks requires Employer to show that all ing to service and collections." ern-day general practitioner. He did not or substantially all women would be unable The testimony at trial produced more spe purport to be an expert on either industrial to perform safely and efficiently the duties of cific descriptions of these duties and revealed medicine or the care and treatment of wom the position involved. While it may be that, certain additional duties that go with the en, and his observations were based largely in terms of lifting weights, the duties of this job in Montgomery, Alabama: on his experience in 16 years of private prac position begin to approach the outer limits 1. Rural canvassing for new customers and tice. Plaintiff produced Dr. Nace R. Cohen, an of what women should undertake, this Court mileage checks for billing purposes. obstetrician and gynecologist for more than firmly concludes that Employer has not sat 2. Relief of the coin telephone collector on 20 years. isfied its burden of proof. Dr. Cohen's testi an average of about two days per week. These medical experts agreed, and, through mony that 25 to 50 percent of the female 3. Destroying certain of employer's records their testimony, enlightened this Court to sex could perform the job, while not standing on a monthly and annual basis. the effect that there were certain genetic alone, is accepted by this Court and fully 4. Handling current records of billing stubs and musculo-skeletaJ. differences between the rebuts Employer's contention. Nor is the fact and handling supply requisitions in the of sexes: Males tend to have a heavier muscu that pregnant women should not perform fice. lar and ligamentous structure; males tend the job of crucial importance. Employer can 5. Performing the biennial furniture inven to have a higher aerobic metabolism rate; have a rule against pregnant women being tory. females tend to have. greater lordosis, or considered for this position, but Title VII Defendant contends that several features curvature of the spine; females only are surely means thaj; all women cannot be ex of these duties make them inappropriate for susceptible to osteoporosis, a softening of cluded from consideration because some of performance by women. With respect to the the bones from hormonal changes associated them may become pregnant. rural canvassing, it suggests the possibilities with menopause; and females only are sub It is not inappropriate to observe in con that tires will need to be changed 1 and that clusion that it appears to this Court that it ject to pregnancy. will not impose a hardship on this Employer restroom facilities are occasionally inaccess The doctors did not agree, however, on all ible. These contentions can be regarded as to determine on an individual basis whether little more than makeweights. There is no the effects of these differences. Both doctors a person is qualified for the position of com proof that all or nearly all women would be agreed that the differences in muscular and mercial representative. On the other hand, it unable to cope with these difficulties. They do, ligamentous structure and in aerobic metab is manifest that the use of this class distinc of course, render the position somewhat un olism meant that men can perform greater tion deprives some women of what they re- romantic. But as was said in Weeks, Title amounts of work than women, i.e., men can VII "vests individual women with the power lift more, more often, for longer periods of s Here, and in other instances where the to decide whether or not to take on unroman time than women. Dr. Herren testified that testimony of the doctors c.:infiict, this Court tic tasks." finds that the experience of Dr. Cohen is 2 It was thus not upon his advice that the more specifically related tn the problem at 1 A former commercial representative tes male sex was made an occupational qualifica hand, that his testimony tends to be more tified that he had to change tires on the job tion for the position of commercial repre detailed and relevant, and that his conclu 11 times in 13 years. sentative. sions are more persuasive. September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25185 gard as a lucrative and otherwise desirable AUGUST 15, 1969. MINNESOTA NEWSWOMAN ADDS position. Representative SAM STEIGER, SPARK Accordingly, this Court now specifically House of Representatives, finds and concludes that the male sex is not Washington, D .. a bona fide occupational qualification for the DEAR MR. STEIGER: Several months ago I position of commercial representative in paid IRS some $100 for my son's income HON. ANCHER NELSEN Montgomery, Alabama. taxes, because he and his wife simply didn't OF MINNESOTA It is therefore ordered, adjudged and de have the money. I was dismayed to find that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES creed that defendant South Central Bell some 14% of their gross income had gone to Telephone & Telegraph Company, its agents, pay federal income taxes in 1968. Consider Thursday, September 11, 1969 officers, employees, successors, and all those their situation: working nights, going to col Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, Americans in active concert or participation with it, be lege, taking help from both sets of parents, and each is hereby enjoined from failing and borrowing $1,000 a year from the Valley can take overwhelming pride in Presi refusing to make, within 30 days from the Bank to pay tuition. The results? They'll be dent Nixon's appointment of Mary J. date of this order, a new determination of exhausted and $4,000 in debt when he grad Kyle-Mrs. Earle Kyle, Sr.-of Minne entitlement to the position of commercial uates-and 60% of the debt will have been apolis to serve on the National Citizens representative in Montgomery, Alabama, borrowed to pay income taxes. There is some Advisory Council on the Status of previously awarded to William E. Noble, in thing very wrong in such a set-up, and es Women. We can be confident that this which plaintiff and all other employees bid pecially so if the argument for the GI Bill Republican dynamo Will serve with great ding on the job shall be considered on the (that money spent on college is recovered basis of their individual qualifications and by higher earnings and higher taxes) is valid. distinction and real concern for the im without regard to their sex. By an odd co-incidence, almost exactly provement of job opportunities avail It is further ordered that counsel for plain what they paid in taxes was given me to able to women. tiff, Mr. J. R. Goldthwaite, Jr., be awarded a attend an EPDA "Institute" for Latin teach By way of introduction, I am pleased reasonable attorney's fee, in an aznount to ers this summer. (HEW will be crowing to to insert in the RECORD at this point a be agreed upon by the parties or to be deter you about this, I'm told.) Now I'm curious. feature story about her which appeared mined by this Court upon the basis of writ Please tell me why the U.S. taxpayer spent in the St. Paul Dispatch, St. Paul, Minn., ten evidence submitted within 15 days from over $80,000 this summer to "improve" the on September 1: the date of this order. teaching of Latin? Almost nobody seems to MARY KYLE SPEAKS MIND: CRUSADING It is further ordered that the costs incurred want Latin. The experts-even the friendly WOMAN EDITOR To A~D SPARK TO NIXON in this proceeding be and they are hereby experts-predict its demise as a high school COMMITTEE taxed against defendant South Central Bell subject within 5 years; Phoenix Union sys Telephone & Telegraph Company. tem has four or five of us who no longer (By Dorothy Lewis) Done this the 31st day of July, 1969. have any students. Yet in the last four years Anyone touched by the electric personal FRANK M. JOHNSON, Jr., certain universities (Minnesota and Illinois ity of Mary Kyle is forever impressed. Like U.S. District Judge. principally) have gotten hundreds of thou a lightning rod, she attracts everyone she sands of tax dollars .... For what? meets, and emits a small aura of electricity [In the U.S. District Court for the Middle Whatever the rationale, the results have wherever she happens to be. District of Alabama, northern , division) been to push the careers of certain glib fel Intelligent and gracious (when she wants lows who can write gobbledygook "propos to be) she can charm her strongest oppo CLAUDINE B. CHEATWOOD, PLAINTIFF, V. SOUTH als"-Gerald Erickson at Minnesota and nents with her warmth and honesty. Or she CENTRAL BELL TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH Co., Richard Scanlan at Illinois. The whole circus can send sparks flying in all directions. DEFENDANT at Illinois was a snow job for their Whether he knows it or not, when Presi (Civil action No. 2796-N) "Method"-the so-called multi-sensory ap dent Richard Nixon named her last week to WRIT OF INJUNCTION proach. his national Citizens Advisory Council on To the above-named defendant: Now Latin is small stuff and who gets ex the Status of Women, he gainec himself a cited about a few hundred grand of the tax crusader-and a very vocal one. Take notice that you, your agents, officers, payers' money? But what about tile Modern The dynamic editor-publisher of the Twin employees, successors, and all those in active Foreign Languages? Almost every MFL Cities Courier, weekly Negro newspaper, has concert or participation with you, who shall teacher I know has had one to three paid been crusading for one thing or another receive notice of this order, be and you are institutes and thousands have had paid va since she was in her teens. hereby enjoined as more particularly set out cations abroad. Has MFL teaching improved? in the order and judgment made and entered At 14, she gave a talk on youth to her Not according to the studies and the MFL mother's social club and told the ladies they by this Court in this cause and filed with the Journals. Is the audio-lingual method that Clerk of this Court on the 31st day of July, were a "bunch of old fogies" and were "driv has been pushed by these Institutes a great ing themselves over a cliff" for not trying 1969, a copy of which is herewith served improvement? Again not by the studies. Or upon you. to understand teenagers. how about Math? There were 250 Math Now she carries on her crusades in her This writ of injunction is issued in a~cord teachers at Illinois and that was only one newspaper column or in her broadcast as ance with said order and judgment. of pages of Institutes listed for this summer. Witness my hand and the seal of this editorial commentator on the KMSP tele \ Are the kiddies learning more Math? Has any vision news program. ) Court, at Montgomery, Alabama, on this the one taken a look at results? What are we In her television role, she is the only 1st day of August, 1969. getting for these programs? R. C. DOBSON, woman editorialist in the Twin Cities, and Now I sort of hate to complain about the perhaps the only one in the nation. Clerk of the U.S. District Court for the high school teachers' little rackets because Middle District of Alabama. She is probably best known for her stand the real cumshaw is being held tightly to the against black militant extremists. "The college types' bosoms. We are developing a American culture is amalgamated-if it isn't class of grantees whose arrogance makes a meltingpot. Each race and nationality has Marie Antoinette look like Patient Griselda. contributed toward that culture, and the A MAN SPEAKS OUT They were at Illinois wholesale with their Negro culture is an integral part of our histories of one grant after another. Tell nation. me, why should the taxpayer (as an exam ple) shell out for a Concordance of Livy? "Both races are caught in historical cir HON. SAM STEIGER As a classicist, I see its value to a few clas cumstances. We have to work the way out OF ARIZONA sicists, but as a national concern . . . ? And, together. Neither can do it alone. "The black radicals preaching separatism IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES if it is vital to the national objectives, why hasn't it been finished? The bird has been are only letting the white man off the hook, Thursday, September 11, 1969 at the gravy train long enough! Does he which is just what white racists want," she reasons. I Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speak scramble his computer tapes every evening Mrs. Kyle says she and "the silent and \ er, it is apparent that there is great to prevent piracy? Or to hide failure? Well, after this summer, it seems obvious unseen majority" of Minneapolis Negroes waste of money by the Federal Govern that you people in the Congress are permit according to her figures, there are 35 to 50 ment. I am pleased that this adminis ting some pretty odd uses of the taxpayers' "trouble makers" among the city's 15,000 tration is thoroughly reviewing programs money. The Congress may not be capable of Negroes-do not share the extremists' views in order to insure that the most effective, cutting expenses, but they obviously could and are "shocked" at the amount of trouble efficient programs are kept, and that the be cut back without hurting the country. they can stir up and the publicity they get. others be phased out as necessary. Cer And if they were some young people in col The election of Minneapolis Mayor Charles tainly, a reordering of priorities has long lege might not have to go in hock to pay the Setnvig this year on his "law and order" taxes that permit some others such sinecures. campaign shows how the public feels. "The been overdue. Let's get behind the tax reforms, but let's voters hit the extremists," she said, "right The letter following details one area also get behind some spending reform. in the ballot box. And they're doing it all where this examination of Federal fund Sincerely yours, over the country." ing should lead to some changes: A certain amount of the reaction mft.y be 25186 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Septembe1" 11, 1969 the white backlash, but for the most part, PRESERVING CLARK CoUNTY'S SPOT IN HISTORY "We allowed all the artifacts from the first it expresses the opinion of that vast unseen HAS BEEN A 40-YEAB FIGHT FOR JEFF MAN toehold out of the land the king gave us majority-black and white, she contends. (By Jack Schneider) in this country to be hauled to Louisville to The "opinionated" Mrs. Kyle has views on For most of his 40 years Don Munich has make the fill for the Riverside expressway," practically every controversial topic. For ex been carrying on a love affair. Munich says. ample she favors Nixon's proposed "work It's one in which Mrs. Munich heartily "I think it would be better to dig up fare" welfare program which she feels fos concurs. Plymouth Rock and the land around it and ters incentive and independence. She thinks haul it to New York to make a fill." The object of Munich's unabashed affection Adding insult to injury, as far as Munich the present system Just hasn't worked. "The is Olark County. poor are just as poor," she points out. "I've been from one coast to the other,·" is concerned, is the fact that a dump is now She feels the same way about the Eco being operated in the area that was dug up. Munich says, "and as fa.r as I know, Clark "We got a circuit court order to close the nomic Opportunity Act. "The poor are still County is one of the finest counties in the poor, except for the few earning the salaries dump, but it was never closed, and it ls now country to live in. It has everything." being operated seven days a week in con· on programs," she said. Then, after a brief pause, he adds, "Or at tempt of court,'' Munich says. As to her own background, Mary Kyle least it HAD everything." "When you holler to the Plan Commission came up the hard way, hurdling discrimina The emphasis on the "had"-and the tone or the Zoning Board that you are desecrating tion and "hard times" along the road. of disdain with which it was uttered-ls a something priceless here yhey claim they are tipoff to Munich's attitude toward what he Born in St. Paul, she has lived most of her unawar~ of it. You tell them again, and they life in Minneapolis, and majored in chemi considers a needless squandering and mis still claim they are unaware of it. You have cal engineering at the University of Minne management of Clark County's resources and to learn something like this as children, sota. heritage. apparently, to have a deep subconscious feel Her writing career began later, after she "I have the utmost appreciation for Clark ing for it." had married and was the mother of four County's history, a.nd I have f·aith in its children. She began writing for the St. Paul future," Munich says. "But it's nothing short DUMP IS IN PROPOSED PARK AREA Sun weekly newspaper, and studied journal of tragic that we haven't done a better job The dump is on a gravel and dirt road that ism through the University of Minnesota ex of protecting our priceless resources and is an extension of Harrison Avenue in Clarks tension school. heritage. ville and winds through the Falls area. It is Now a grandmother of six, she launched "The way we have been abusing the county, in the 1,400-acre area that Munich hopes to her own newspaper two years ago, fired by I'm afraid we are going to have to put up a have included in the proposed park at the an ambition to creirte a newsworthy paper, lot of markers saying here's where something Falls. "something different to make weekly jour had been." "I want to do what we can to preserve the nalism dynamic." HAS TWO DEGREES Falls area and to make our next generation She is now active in many professional Munich ls a Jeffersonville dentist who pre aware of its importance in history-not just organizations not to mention civic groups fers not to be called or referred to as "doc to this country but to the world," he says. such as United Fund, Urban League, Coun tor." Besides, his degree in dentistry, he also The chief significance of the area to the cil of Churches and so on. has a degree in geology. He worked a.s a world is the presence of the fossil beds from geologist before becoming a dentist 10 years the Devonian Age, which was a period about Her interest in politics was sparked soon 350 million years ago when animals first after her marriage when a friend challenged ago. It's not surprising that one career wouldn't emerged from the sea and began living on her to "clean up" what Mary Kyle saw as land. "dirty politics." She began at the precinct be enough for this ubiquitous man of far reachiri.g interests. Munich feels there should be a monument level and has been active in Republican pol erected at the Falls like the one to be placed itics ever since. Munich is perhaps most closely associated with his efforts to have a park established at Cape Kennedy marking that as the point "I liked the Republican party because it's on earth from which Americans first ven orderly and businesslike. How I think life at the Falls of the Ohio. He formed the Falls Area Preservation Committee, and he is tured safely into space. should be," she explained. "At the Falls we should have a monument She's all set for action on the Status of chairman Of the Falls of the Ohio Interstate Park commission that will work toward saying that from this point in the Middle Women Council, and accepted the role only Devonian animals first ventured onto dry after she was assured she would see some creation of a park. For many years Munich has championed land," Munich says. real work done. "If it's a window dressing "We are custodians of these pieces of rock role," she told a White House representative, the Falls area as potentially one of Clark County's greatest assets. He has made count for the world, just as we are custodians of the "forget it." ancient site of Clarksville for America." Women, as she sees it, have been discrim less speeches urging the area's preservation Munich recalls that when he played in the inated against almost as much as the Negro, and establishment of a park there. Falls area as a boy there were fossils lying and being both, "I have some ideas on what But Munich, who grew up in the Falls area, loose in the pot holes of the rock. we need," she says with conviction. can become just as eloquent and enthusiastic "They were picked up and carried away by And as she has proved throughout her life, about virtually any other subject affecting souvenir-hunters, and companies shipped when Mary Kyle sets her mind to do some Clark County. them all over the world," he says. "This was thing-she does it. This is particularly true of the county's carried on to a point where today there are history as it relates to George Rogers Clark no loose fossils left." . and his brother William Clark. In addition, Munich says that even while "I think what happened in Clark County his group was in the process of preserving the had more to do with America oecoming Falls area about half the rock in which the PRESERVING CLARK COUNTY'S what it is today than what happened in Bos fossils are imbedded "has been lost." SPOT IN HISTORY HAS BEEN A 40- ton," Munich says. "Plymouth Rock was sim The rock was buried when a modification YEAR FIGHT FOR JEFF MAN ply one of the places where one of the groups was made in McAlpine Dam about three years carrying the charter from the king of Eng ago. land got off on this continent. None of those Another result of the modification, accord people came to America w!_th ~ny idea of do ing to Munich, was to virtually eliminate a HON. LEE H. HAMILTON ing what America has done since. flock of egrets that used to live in the Falls OF INDIANA "It was George Rogers Clark and William a:rea. He p~ints out that there were 42 egrets IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Clark who took the nation from the Ap llving there before the dam was changed. palachian Mountains to the Pacific Ocean The next year there were 16, and this year Thursday, September 11, 1969 in a single generation. They lived in Clark there are only 2. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under County and made most of their plans here. "The reason the egrets left was because we "When George Rogers Clark stepped across wiped out what they came to eat. The water leave to extend my remarks 1n the the river here at the Falls that was the first no longer runs over the rocks, making it RECORD, I include this excellent article, time we left the land that the king had given impossible for the egrets to fish there," he ) depicting one man's untiring efforts to us. He established Clarksvllle as the first says. ) preserve the falls of the Ohio, an ir American settlement in the Northwest Ter SYMPTOMATIC OF GENERAL FEELING replaceable fossil reef situated in the ritory. He eventually took a hurik of land bigger than the whole United States then, Munich feels this is symptomatic of man's Louisville, Ky., and Jeffersonville-New general disregard for the natural order of Albany, Ind., metroPolitan areas. going to the Mississippi. "Later William Clark, who was living with things in his environment. As one who also is concerned for the George Rogers Clark in Clark County, met "Man can't live without a.nimals and preservation of this unique geological Meriwether Lewis at the Falls here, and to plant~. and yet when the Corps of Engineers phenomenon, I can vouch for the dedica builds something like a dam there is no re gether they carried the nation to the Pacific gard for the ecology of the area," he says. tion of Dr. Munich in his efforts to pro Ocean. All that happened from here." "We have destroyed whole species of animals, tect the area. SADDENED BY DIGGING and I don't think we can do that sort of The article, by the Louisville Courier Munich bemoans the fact that several years things and survive. J ournal and Times staff · writer, Jack ago much of the area a.t the original site of "We teach a kid to have a balanced Schneider, reads as follows: Clarksville was dug up. aquarium, but we don't seem to be con- September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25187 cerned whether the environment we live in One man in 10 enters prison with a job son predicts it wlll reach 10,000 in another remains balanced and perpetually running. skill; one in two leaves with one. two. "The same lack of forethought can be Some 2,067 prisoners are now being trained "We're down to our last 200 beds now,'' he found in the way we a.re squandering our in such areas as blueprint reading, food says, "and we've got a request in for two oil and mineral supplies, even the air we services, machine shop, auto service and abandoned Job Corps facilities." breathe. The cockroach has been on this mechanics, garage trades, welding, basic elec And then he adds the corrections officials' earth 200 million yea.rt!. We have been here tricity and electronics, carpentry and data oft-repeated plaint: one million years. We are a new species with processing and computer programing. "The cost (of maintaining prisons) is stag our whole future ahead of us. But at the rate Each major vocational area is served by gering. The cheapest route is to prevent crime we're going our natural resources will be all a committee of professionals which meets in the first place." used up before long." several times a year. Munich blames our educational system for They "review the curriculum and make sug much of our problems. gestions" for bringing the program up to RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT THE "Our educational values are out of date," date and relating it to actual job needs on 13TH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF he says. "Our schools are still pointed to the outside. THE MONTANA AFL-CIO ward ma.king money instead of preparing a "And we take their suggestions seriously," person to be of value to his community and Harrison said. feeling like he has done something worth Stlll, a yearlong study financed by the HON. ARNOLD OLSEN while when he dies. Levin Foundation of Detroit and soon to be OF MONTANA "No matter how rich somebody is, he can't published, wlll show that "one in 10, per keep from being affected by this thing if we haps one in eight, parolees stay in the job IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES run short of oxygen or lf we have to see area for which they were trained for any Thursday, September 11, 1969 trash scattered all around. The richest man significant length of time." in the United States has to look at the eye The reasons are many, Harrison said. Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, I would like sores that the poorest man has to look at. So Among them: to have the following letter from the just money won't save us from the things In times of plenty, it's easy to get a non executive secretary of the Montana State we are creating here." skilled job in the auto industry. AFL-CIO, Mr. James Murry, and the set Even a sweeper in a factory frequently of resolutions adopted at the 13th An makes more than an apprentice in a skilled nual Convention of the Montana AFL MAKING A CONVICT RELIABLE trade area ••. many of these men are sim PRISON'S IMPOSSIBLE TASK? ply not geared to such long-range thinking CIO inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL (taking a lower wage today in order to make RECORD: more money tomorrow) . HELENA, MONT., September 9, 1969. HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS The parollee may feel more comfortable Hon. ARNOLD OLSEN, OF MICHIGAN falling back into the old job patterns once he gets on the outside • . . applying for a U.S. House of Representatives, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Longworth Building, Washington, D.C. new job in a new setting can be intimidat DEAR CONGRESSMAN OLSEN: I want to take Thursday, September 11, 1969 ing for one who doesn't know what to ex pect or what's expected of him. this opportunity to thank you for taking Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, on time out from your busy schedule to be with Nor do we want to fault the man who isn't us and address the 13th Annual Montana September 9, the Detroit News carried using his prison-taught skills; he may well State AFL-CIO Convention. It's always a an article entitled "Making a Convict be doing something better. pleasure to have you address Labor func Reliable-Prison's Impossible Task?" in The corrections system is now providing tions, Arnold, because we know you will "tell which the author, Al Sandner, related a prejob counseling for men about to leave it llke it is". recent interview he had with Mr. Gus prison, bringing ln outsiders-including ex Following are a few resolutions that were Harrison, Michigan State corrections convicts-to tell them what they can expect passed by our convention. I urge your favor on the outside and what's expected of them. able consideration of these measures: director, concerning the role the correc To look to vocational training as anything tions system plays in our criminal justice more than a small element in the fight RESOLUTION No. 1 system. I urgently request my colleagues against crime is like using a piece of tape Whereas: The federal law now permits to read this article which I am placing on a fractured skull, prison officials say. railroads to work their employees for a period in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD with the "Like any disease, the best way to com of 16 continuous hours or for 16 hours in an view that too little attention has been bat it is to get at its cause,'' Harrison said. aggregate in a 24 hour period, and focused on the impact of corrections on "We're not doing this. We ride a lot of Whereas: Certain employees are now re our society. However, the real answer to hobby horses, turn to panaceas, whereas this quired to work alone or short crewed, and problem is one that needs a massive attack Whereas: The high speed operation of the problem is that we must do mon~ to modern railroad trains impose undue strain prevent crime in the first place. and a heavy outlay of money at the outset. "For example, we bring in 400 llliterates a upon the employees who are required to [From the Detroit News, Sept. 9, 1969] year, a lot of high school dropouts. Many work long hours thus endangering the health MAKING A CONVICT RELIABLE-PRISON'S learn to read, get high school diplomas, re and safety of the traveling public alld the IMPOSSIBLE TASK? employees, and ceive medical and dental attention, perhaps Now therefore be it resolved: That the (By Al Sandner) for the first time; receive counseling, develop Montana State AFL-CIO Convention, con LANSING.-"Everybody has his favorite some work habits. vening in Helena, Montana, on August 21 panacea ln the search for solutions to crime," "Then we drop them right back into the through 23, 1969, go on record favoring a says State Corrections Director Gus Harrison. ghetto." change or amendment to the federal law one of them ls: "Just give a man a skill "Crime flourishes under certain condi that now permits. the railroads to require he can use and he'll go out and get a job and tions,'' he said. The ghetto is one of those their employees to work 16 hours and to sup become a model citizen." conditions. port H.R. 8449, a blll which would reduce the It just doesn't work that way. "People often say to us: 'Why don't you hours from 16 to 12 hours. In fact, Harrison said, although nearly half do more rehabilitation?' I wish we knew the Adopted by convention action, August 23, the men paroled in Michigan leave prison answers. Often we get a man when it's too 1969. With job skills, this kind of training is one late to change him. RESOLUTION No. 4 of the least worries of the prospective "On the average he's 24 years old, has a Whereas: The matter of extension of the employer. sixth-grade education, no skills or well 10% surtax is now before the United States "We have offers from all sorts of firms of developed sense of responsibility; he's often Senate, and jobs for parolees," he said. "They don't ask got a lot of bad habits-including drugs and Whereas: a great many injustices have for trained men; they're willing to do the alcohol-and is loaded down with a sense of crept into the income tax strLcture over the training themselves. hostility toward anyone who represents au years as special interest groups managed to "They just ask," he said with a touch of thority. gain special concessions year by year, and irony, "that the m.en be reliable." "We don't claim wild success, but we think Whereas: a surtax based on a percentage This quality, Harrison feels, ls at--or we do well in rehabilitation, considering the merely compounds these injustices, and near-the very heart of some of the social odds." Whereas: it ls vital that the entire income problems that make a prison system neces Michigan's prispn population is soaring as tax structure be reformed broadly to elimi sary in the first place. courts react to the public's concern over nate the special situations which cause the If corrections people could make prisoners crime in the streets. government to lose an estimated 20 billion reliable, they probably would also have dis Eighteen months ago the average prison dollars per year, and covered the formula to change basic atti sentence in Michigan was 27'2 years; now it's Whereas: this 20 billion dollars must be tudes, develop work habits and incentives or four years. made up by the working man who has his overcome the bad attitudes and hostili:ties Michigan's prison population has jmnped taxes deducted from his pay check ev~ry developed over a lifetime. from 6,700 to 8,558 in two years and Harri- week, CXV--1587-Part 19 25188 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 Now therefore be it resolved: that the 54th And be it further resolved: that special New York Law Journal, Congressman Annual Convention of the Montana State emphasis be placed on the elimination of KocH explained the need for such leg Council of Carpenters assembled in Ana tax exemption on income from Governmental conda, Montana, on the 18th day of July, Bonds, depletion allowances on minerals and islation and b.ow his bill would meet 1969, go on record as being unalterably op royalties, dividend credits, stock dividends the requirement that private citizens posed to extension of the 10 % surtax until and options, family corporations and founda have a remedy for false or misleading such time as far reaching and meaningful tions, private charities, private trusts, and information which may be on file in vari tax reforms are instituted, fraternal and religious businesses operating ous agencies of the Government. I be And be it further resolved this resolution in competition with private enterprise. lieve that as more citizens and more be sent to the entire Montana delegation in RESOLUTION No. 7 Congress urging them to oppose any exten Members of this body become aware of sion of the surtax until such times as mean Whereas: the world as a rock with a lim the need for protection from unverified ingful reform is made a part of the package. ited amount of productive soil and varying information on file with tLe Government, And be it further resolved that this reso from a foot to a few inches together with support for Congressman KocH's bill will lution be adopted by the 13th Annual Con some oceans, lakes and rivers and a thin blanket of air is being subjected to an ever grow. For this reason, I am happy to in vention of the Montana AFL-CIO and the sert at this point in the RECORD the arti Montana AFL-CIO also send copies of this increasing rate of pollution by man; and, resolution to the entire Montana delegation Whereas: the evidence of Lake Erie, now cle from the August 22 edition of the in Congress. a gigantic cesspool, and lost as a fresh water New York Law Journal entitled "An Ar Adopted by convention action August 23, body while some token effort is being made gument for Bill To Safeguard Privacy." 1969 to save the other Great Lakes, is an example The article referred to follows: RESOLUTION No. 5 of the progressive destruction being dupli cated throughout the country; and AN ARGUMENT FOR BILL TO SAFEGUARD PRIVACY Whereas: we are told by the economists (By Edward I. Koch) advising government and representing the Whereas: it is now an established fact that corporate interests that the only way to con DDT is found in the tisues of all living (NOTE.-Representative Edward I. Koch of trol inflation is to manipulate business so creatures on Earth, and if its use were the 17th Congressional District of New York, as to cause greatly increased unemployment, stopped now, it will take 50 years to cleanse formerly was a member of the New York City and the biosphere of it contamination; and Council. He is a member of the New York Whereas: the resulting sacrifice is delib Whereas: with our expanding population Bar who resigned as seniOT partner of the erately arranged to fall upon the wage earn and the rapid shrinking of only mildly or firm of Koch, Lankenau, Schwartz & Kovner er, family farmer, and small businessman unpolluted living space, the time will soon at the outset of his Congressional term in whose only countervailing resource lies in arrive when man will become, at best, only January to avoid possible conflict of interest the amount of available unemployment in a sickly specimen of animal life; as a practicing attorney and legislator.) surance and Now therefore be it resolved: that this 13th For each of us there is probably a dossier Whereas: down through the years the cor Annual Convention of the Montana AFL-CIO in some government office. The dossier may porate lobby has successfully induced state establish its opposition to the continued use not be a sinister folder crammed with secret legislative asemblies to weaken and curtail of DDT and work for prohibitive legislation reports compiled by the CIA and FBI. It is the application CYf unemployment insurance such as introduced by Representative more likely to be an innocent looking com benefits, destroying it as a source of security Schoonover, during the 41st session of the puter card, a census return, a series of tax for the afflicted worker and rendering it in Montana Legislature, and that we support returns, a passport questionnaire, a record of effective as an economic stabilizing force in all anti-pollution measures, and military service, an application for a govern the community and, Be it further resolved: that the Montana ment job, a security clearance for work in a Whereas: the cause of unemployment is AFL-CIO urge that our congressional dele defense industry, a scholarship application, largely national in origin, gation insist on top national priority for or several of these spread throughout vari Now therefore be it resolved: that this 13th programs designed to curtail further pollu ous departments, agencies and bureaus. Annual Convention of the Montana AFL-CIO tion of our land, air, and water, and restora In today's technologically advanced and institute a movement calling for federal tion thereof wherever possible. administratively complex world it is no doubt regulation of unemployment compensation The previous resolutions were all adopted necessary that some of this kind of informa benefit standards and eligibility provisions by convention action August 23, 1969. tion be obtained, coordinated and kept avail based upon minimum requirements for de More resoluitons, acted upon at our con- . able for proper use. Yet there is likewise no cent living by the individual and thereby vention, will be sent to you at a later date. doubt that the collection and accumulation greater replacement revenue accruing to the Thank you, again, for participating in our of data about each one of us is a fearsome local business and agricultural communities: convention. With kindest personal regards, threat to our individual liberty and to our And be it further resolved: that as a neces Iam privacy. sary reform for the present static system the Sincerely yours, Our traditional legal structure arose in a principle of cyclically graduated compensa JAMES W. MURRY, free-wheeling laissez-faire sort of world. Most tion be instituted in which weekly benefits Executive Secretary, Montana State people did not seriously rub against govern increase in direct ratio to increased unem AFL-CIO. mental authority very often, and when they ployment and diminishing back to minimum did it was usually in the context of the standard as full employment is approached. criminal law. The restraints imposed by the REPRESENTATIVE KOCH EXPLAINS law on government are consequently for the RESOLUTION No. 6 RIGHT TO PRIVACY BILL most part directed to protecting the individ Whereas: it is heartening to note that some ual agent against an overt attempt by gov~ attention has been turned toward the Great ernment to punish him. tax swindle of the politically and financially HON. ABNER J. MIKVA Thus, if the authorities want to punish ~ elite which is the primary cause of the rich person, they must obtain an indictment o:r getting richer and the poor getting poorer OF ILLINOIS meet a test of reasonable cause, they must and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES provide a jury, the right to counsel, protec Whereas: these members of the socially Thursday, September 11, 1969 tion against self-incrimination and safe elite comprising only 1 % of the population guards against the use of improperly col own and control 70 % of the income from Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, there is lected evidence. productive property are paying only 14% of little that is dearer to the hearts of Protecting the individual against adminis the taxes while the rest of us being 99 % of Americans than their right to privacy. trative overreaching in a noncriminal con the populace and owning or receiving only And yet this right remains today a right text has proven to be more difficult-al 30 % of the income from productive property though for most of us it is today perhaps a are paying 86 % of the taxes and, without a remedy except in a few lim more important need. Although a number of Whereas: almost with its inception as a ited situations. One of the greatest significant improvements have been made constitutional amendemnt in 1913 the in threats to the individual citizen's pri through legislation, such as the Administra come tax has been under attack by the vacy is government, simply because of tive Procedure Act and the Freedom of In wealthy and affluent rulers of our economy in its massive size and the diversity of in formation Act, and by decisions of our courts, order to destroy it as a progressive and equi formation which it collects for various it remains a fact that the ordinary citizen table form of securing revenue and, is at a tremendous disadvantage-often in a Whereas: almost every Congress and ad purposes. But against the government's position of total helplessness-when he at ministration since 1913 has under pressure enormous accumulation of information tempts to preserve his privacy against un from the corporate overlords given the rich about each of us, the citizen has little reasonable bureaucratic collection and use of more and more loopholes and methods for recourse if inaccurate, distorted, or even personal information. Equally dangerous is avoiding taxation, malicious information is on file. the fact that secrecy prevents the individual Now therefore be it resolved: that this To remedy this frightening situation, from correcting or explaining misleading in 13th Annual Convention of the Montana formation which may vitally concern him AFL-CIO go on record and use every avail my good friend and colleague, the gen and decisions made about him. able tactic and strategy to campaign for tax tleman from New York
Turkey. And we have to be able to protect with a period 01 warning. Consider the car same number for a land-based wing. There that shipping against any possible incur riers in the Mediterranean. If the Russians are another 15 on a carrier that are the "cats" sion. The military presence there would pre close off the Straits of Gibraltar, the car and "dogs", as they are called. We have 75 vent any Russian attempt to dominate the riers inside are lost anyway. fighters and attack aircraft capable of de Mediterranean and cut off the flow of sea Navy representatives returned to the many fense missions in our wings. The number of power. challenges posed. There are no tactical air aircraft available for attack sorties thus Secondly, there should be mention of the craft, tactical wings of the U.S. Air Force would be 75. You can turn the F-4 into a problems of overflight rights. These problems based on the northern shores of the Medi fighter or bomber. are minimal with carriers but they were terranean, unless a base that is way up at OTHER COMMENTS ON THE ROLE OF AN maximum with land based planes. Recently the north end of the Adriatic is included. AIRCRAFT CARRIER we tried to negotiate emergency passage of We are being pestered with the idea that The aircraft carrier, according to naval three planes from the United States to the we might have to get out of Okinawa, and East Coast of Africa. It took two weeks to spokesmen, is a pretty flexible multi-purpose possibly Japan. weapons system. It is a base for practical air negotiate that for a one-way trip. This prob The Korean bases are there but a military lem really needs to be focused on, too. power of any kind that you want. Land airbase is a far cry from a strip of asphalt. based air power has gone through the same Another view offered was that in anything And we h ave tested that and found it want short of war, the Soviets would also have ing. changes. Therefore, there is nothing strange overflight problems to get from where they Our base rights in the Philippines are cer or odd about the fact that the air base doesn't are to some other place. They would have to tainly not a certainty. necessarily dictate the mission of the air overfly Turkey or Yugoslavia or Greece or Our base rights in Thailand also may not plane. It is strategic if it needs to be and it some other place. And these countries may be be a certainty down the road. still needs to be. friendly to the Russians, or they may not. We have lost our bases in the Middle East. For the sea-based tactical air, there are Some of the critics remained unconvinced. The situation at Wheelus, which is the last two basic missions. One is for the striking It was maintained that the original point of base we have on the continent of Africa, is power and the air defense of the fleet, and having two carriers was that we had a stra questionable. Wheelus Field in Tripoli is un the things that the fleet is trying to do, in tegic nuclear requirement at one time for der various restrictions. Its viability is very cluding protecting convoys-if we get into that extra carrier. This situation had questionable. that business. Because of the increased radius changed. We can have additional forces in The Spanish have not been interested in of action of tactical aircraft, both land and the Mediterranean that have other purposes, our using their territory as a staging area. sea based, the capability of carriers pays off but it was stated that no proof was advanced Mention should also be made of the with but not in the ability of the aircraft to fly that a carrier in the West Mediterranean is drawal of the French bases. We have one base overseas and occupy a base. It pays off in the needed. in Sicily, which is a naval base, as it turns ability of aircraft flying from sea bases being Another critic questioned the assertion out. It is for maritime patrol aircraft. This able to cover almost the entire world. And that carriers are needed on the grounds that is the only base that we have there. this means that today we have a bonus from the Russians might achieve air superiority As a result we are left with a base struc our attack carriers in that we can perform in the Mediterranean if they weren't there. ture that is abysmally vulnerable in Europe. tactical air power in almost any situation He pointed out that the Mediterranean can All the bases on which the majority of our that might arise without any requirement of be covered at present with land bases. We tactical air in Europe is based are within perfect intelligence on our part. It can hap have a good margin of air superiority, since 120 to 140 miles of the East German frontier. pen 10 years from now, and we can be there, the Russians aren't operating off the south An unguided rocket can take those out because we have the radius of action. ern shores of the Mediterranean. cheaply. The political vulnerability of over Another naval representative, while not If we are talking about a peacetime situ seas bases is just something that is not challenging the stated needs of the U.S. ation, he said, what added value is there in matched by the carrier. Navy for carriers, inserted a word of caution having two instead of one carrier in the Medi Although the Mediterranean is not large about equating carriers with naval power. terranean? it is 1500 nautical miles from one end to the The real question is, given a fixed budget, Secondly, if now is not the time to take other-it is still a good operating area. We how much should be allocated to protect x out a carrier, but if sometime in the future can manage the carriers in there. If the other number of carriers. In this decision, the rest such objectives could be achieved as easily side attacks first, however, we are going to of naval power should not be sacrificed. by a cruiser or a squadron of destroyers in have a very bloody time regardless of the Naval power must be balanced. Naval power somewhat the same way that the Russians amount of warning. has to have many types and degrees of ap are now achieving it, why wait around? What Another naval spokesman continued the plication for tactical aviation. Another senior is so particularly delicate about the situation argument. He said, in reference to NATO military officer with a different service back now? Now is as good a time as any. It is not bases in Southern Europe, that we also ha.re ground added that the balance referred to ever going to be a very easy situation there. to remember that we have to be able to op applies to and between all the military And the political argument, the show of force erate these unilaterally as well as under the servioes. argument for having two carriers, is a way of alliance flag. In a situation in the Middle Concerning means of reducing defense saying it is a historical necessity. But that East, NATO may not want to respond. The costs, a participant declared that we have to it still is a historical necessity or a peacetime United States might want to respond. The day in service three and a half million to I military necessity remains to be shown. fact is that in the Mediterranean NATO has four million men. Tomorrow we are going to One thing to b3 mentioned about having never really been a factor. It has not worked have two million or two million, five hundred J two carriers in the Mediterranean is that we there. Since 1956 it has been only our Sixth thousand. There is no way to save money by Iese one of the virtues of the carrier, its Fleet. We would have to have the capability deferring a Nimitz class carrier for a year. mobility. We have got it confined in a little to do so. If we were not allowed to use the More money is spent that way. area. Not only that, but this is an area NATO bases we would have practically noth VULNERABILITY OF THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER ing to respond with except our aircraft from which it is said can be covered from the It was pointed out that there is a school Northern shore by aircraft under present our carriers. We are very, very limited, from a unilateral of thought in the Congress, in the Air Force political conditions. Thus it seemed that we and among certain scientists that Surveyor waste a carrier, at least one and maybe operation viewpoint, in the Mediterranean if we don't have our carriers. satellites, missiles, etc., make the carriers two, by keeping them in the Mediterranean. comparatively easy to locate. If it can be The same reasoning can be applied in the Reference wa.s also made to this problem of getting through to the East African Coast. located, it can be sunk, either by the new Far Eastern "'tuation. Certainly the Sev nuclear submarine or by either a seaborne or enth Fleet is required in the Taiwan Straits The problem of bases there for the strike command, in the Indian Ocean area, is a real land-based missile. but are all three carriers required? There In reply, a naval advocate said that again is Taiwan for land-based air. In the Ko one. Wheelus is essential to the strike com mand getting through. we must not confuse war and peace. We have f rean region we have bases in Korea. In the used the carrier ever since World War II. We ,) Southeast area we have bases in Thailand. AIRCRAFT 0. B. ON AIRCRAFT CARRIERS haven't lost any. We used it all over to en '1 Despite the talk of our withdrawing he felt The view was expressed by a critic that force our policies, our politics. It has been I it is doubtful that we are about to give up an aircraft carrier has possibly 50 planes a very cost-effective machine. This invulner I our air bases in Thailand and Laos, the way which can fly tactical or supply missions. ability argument has been going on in { it is talked about concerning Korea or This number might vary according to the Washington since 1945. Anything that is hit Taiwan. particular carrier from 50 to 60. So you can with modern weapons today is vulnerable, So we come back to the question, why do count on 50 to 60 sorties which could be whether it is an airplane, an airbase, an we need the carriers in peacetime? To the flown in any way today from any one car aircraft carrier or a submarine. As far as the extent that we need them for a show of rier. satellite is concerned, it must communicate force, a case has to be made that that big This statement was said to be inaccurate this back to the submarine, and in spite of and expensive a piece of equipment is really by spokesmen of the Navy. You have a wing what you hear, the submarine only goes 30 the only way that we can achieve the pur on each carrier. A land-based wing equals a knots an hour, and that isn't very fast. poses of the show of force. carrier wing. You have the equality. We fly A representative of a point of view hardly Now, when we are talking about wartime, more sorties a day more than others do with to be identified with defense priorities closed :!.f we need to get extra air into the Medi land-based aircraft. About 1.2 versus 1.1. A the discussion with a brief unexpected testi terranean for a conventional war, this occurs carrier would have available 75 planes, the monial.· He said that nobody had mentioned September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25197 the extremely undesirable political aspects interference, our ASW problems are com Another participant said that the $3 bil of many of our foreign land air bases. He pounded. They used to stay relatively close lion a year that we are spending on ASW viewed this as a tremendous point in favor to home waters, which made it possible for seemed to him to be pretty adequate. He of the carrier. Okinawa has become a major us to bottle them up. This is no longer true. did not know of any real argument that political liability and Taiwan may become a The problem has been intensified now be ASW was being starved. He questioned the worse one. He went on to say that if we cause they are out in the oceans of the world. view that larger additional expenditures for must have a tactical airforce overseas-he When talking about ASW, one has to dif ASW were justified on the grounds that we was not sure that we do-he would feel much ferentiate between the defense of the United · are starting an ABM deployment. He said more comfortable with carriers than on States against the submarine-launched bal an ABM system is being offered largely to land bases. listic missile and the classic navy ASW role defend our Minuteman capability, our stra to defend convoys and to defend the fleet. tegic deterrent. The ASW protection in this PROBLEM OF BLOCK OBSOLESCENCE IN THE The threat against the United States itself area would be primarily to protect some U.S. NAVY is increasing. When one talks about ASW in bomber fields which have a relatively low The question was asked if block obsoles this vein, one has to look at what we are rating in our strategic nuclear offensive capa cence of naval ships is a priority problem or spending for defense of the United States. bility. a minor one. A few years ago when the Navy crune in with The reply was that we do not know exactly A naval official replied. He said that we a program to increase its ASW to deal with how the Soviets are going to use their stra have built about 1.5 million tons of naval the submarine-launched Polaris missile, t'he tegic offensive capability. They could target vessels since 1945. The Soviets have built rationale for rejecting that increase was that bombers, they could target key command about 1.7. Our ships average larger tonnage we were not spending anything for land control centers, they could target key bal per ship, not only because we have carriers, based ballistic missile defense of the coun listic missile defense centers or key control but in the other types as well. So we have try, therefore we could not have our ASW centers for your offensive missile. One cannot built a lot fewer. On a tonnage or number slice of this. basis, they have built more naval ships since foresee in advance what they are going to do. The situation has changed. The threat has He said that our analysis of defense indi the war than we have. That means that if increased very rapidly. The country has now we assume a 30 year life for a combatant cates that the only feasible defense of known made a decision to go for some ballistic positions particularly is a defense in depth. naval vessel-unless we increase markedly missile defense. The next logical thing to clo the rate of ship construction between now We have got to start whittling them down is to look at the budgeting for ASW. T.tis way off. If we put all the defense we have and 1975--the Soviets are going to have a country needs more ASW today, not at t"1e bigger navy than we have. It is inevitable. in the target area, this gives the offense expense of offense but as the sea-based pi..rt a great advantage. As we go into ABM, Overcoming block obsolescence is a top of the effort the country iv going to allocate priority. whether it is against sea-based missiles or for defense. land-based missiles, we are going to have to The ship construction budget of the Navy A challenge came from one of the par has run about 19 per cent of the total. One go out and put defenses in depth. On the way to get a really brand new navy is, of ticipants. He asserted that the Navy ha·s not sea ASW is the forward, the first phase of course, to retire all the old ships. That can been able to track its own Polaris submarines defense in depth. And this phase can begin get the average age down really fast. But leaving port and we surmise that the Rus when the enemy vessels leave port. this is not the answer. We are in a very bad sians are not able to track our Polaris sub ASW, of course, is not the whole answer. If situation. The Navy is going to have to marines. If both the American and the Soviet we are serious about defense we are going to spend more than 19 per cent, at least for submarine forces are very hard to find and have to employ ASW and then perhaps later to track, what kind of a threat, then, do about 10 years. a sea-based intercept system, to supple An official from Congress continued the the submarines pose to the carriers? ment a terminal ABM system in the United case. He said there is one other point that In answer a Navy rc.presentative said the States. needs to be raised on the ship building questioner was talking about two different Another participant said it was not clear problem. In addition to the problem of age, things. A Polaris submarine is extremely dif to him what the value of ASW is in dealing the ships that we have are in such condi ficult because it does not have the three with a Polaris type submarine, if we have to tion that the casualty reports on them are tasks that the attack r.ubmarine has. It does not have to detect targets. That was done know that a war has started before we can increasing in severity. This means that they shoot at him, even if you are sitting right are off the line more and it takes an awful for him by a satellite or a reconnaissance air craft. It does not have to identify its tar there watching him. Will we have a chance lot more manpower to put them back on the gets. That was done for it by a photoin to use this capability, even if we can find line. This means the personnel have to be them, after spending whatever it costs to be terpreter. It do~s not have to chase its tar involved in maintenance more than in opera able to do that? tions. In addition, the old ships are very poor gets, because once it gets on station it has a very wide radius in which it can operate. In reply, the following was offered. Assum in regard to habitability. . ing that the submarine carries more than At a time when many people are urging It has only the last two tasks of a submarine, which is to survive long enough to fire its one missile, even if the first one gets away that the armed services go to a professional and we can get the 15 left in the silos in the kind of service, we are not going to draw weapon. It has one load of weapons, and it has 15 minutes to get them off. If it knows submarine, we will have done quite a useful many people into the Navy if the Navy con task. Even if we can not precisely locate the sists of old ships that they spend all their when the war starts, the opponent has 15 minutes to get it. If it does not the sub submarine, we can be in the general area. time just keeping on the line. marine's only job during its entire patrol is to We hope to be able to get at least part of the ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) be quiet and undetected. This is very different missiles on board before they are fired. There Discussion was initiated with a somewhat from a submarine that is trying to bag an are many, many other cold war options we loaded question: Has the Navy made a seri aircraft carrier. That submarine has to run can use if we can discover submarines in a ous mistake in starving the ASW program, over the ocean and get the information on position to attack the United States. We may considering particularly the growth of the where the carrier is initially, track it down, not have to sink a submarine to get a r.ies Soviet submarine fleet? A subquestion was identify it, and then finally get in close sage across. whether or not ASW simply can not keep up enough position for a shot, make the shot Concern was then expressed by one of the with the offense, considering the declared work, and then after a hit cause enough participants about the danger-dependent invulnerability of the Polaris fleet. damage so that the carrier is out of action. as we are on sophisticated sensors-of mis \ Representatives of the U.S. Navy replied. Relatively speaking ASW is a feasible art interpreting enemy action as an actual at .> One said he did not think that one can say against an anti-ship submarine but is an tack in the future if we have one U.S. attack i that the Navy has starved the ASW forces extremely different, more difficult art against submarine monitoring one Soviet submarine. for the Polaris. Budget-wise Polaris is part a Polaris submarine. The Navy representative In reply the complexity of analyzing ~l of the strategic offensive capability. The felt strongly that for the next 5-10 years the naval warfare was pointed up. It is a prob { Polaris program runs only 6.8 per cent of enemy can not destroy the viability of the lem of measure and countermeasure. It is \ the Navy budget. Polaris. Follow on systems may be the least more ditHcult for the system analyst than I Another spokesman said it is certainly not vulnerable of all our systems for 50 years. some other types of problems. Naval warfare l throwing good money after bad trying to We are going to have to start replacing the consists of an infinite succession of moves perfect ASW. We are moving forward in the Polaris/Poseidon boats within the next 10 and countermoves. We have to analyze each \ ASW field. The problem is a terrific one tech years. move and countermove in each series, and nologically. We have different weapons sys Then the question was raised: Should the integrate them to get this kind of an answer. tems coming along that are going to be very money be apportioned on the basis of which This is going to be the pattern in the future, helpful-the P3C, the S3A aircraft, and vari is the most feasible rather than which is of as both sides get more sophisticated. It is the i \ ous other systems. greater strategic importance? fellow who has the best weapons and uses l There is another problem. Whereas we The answer offered was that we have to look them the most wisely and effectively who I used to think in terms of trying to bottle up at both of them. If we ever found some way will prevail. the Soviet Navy years ago, with the naval to really get a grasp on the submarine One of the problems is the priority given strategy that they have adopted they are launched ballistic missile system within any to naval R & D. What is possible to develop now out in blue water. To the extent the reasonable range of funding-and by reason in the way of sensors for land can, in prin Soviets gain access to the open seas and able the speaker was talking about a pretty ciple, have its counterpart fo:"." the sea. New l operate from bases overseas without our big range-we should go after it. developments usually take. place on land \ ( \ 25198 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 and are transmitted to the sea. But about 80 apply ASW, even with a fantastic increase tion: Do you agree that our relationship percent of our government's research and in capability in ASW on the part of the So should be built around the concept of mutual development budget today is directed to land viets, as that kind of threat to the Polaris, deterrence? oriented efforts. Perhaps we will need more Poseidon, and later ULMS, because we have If the Soviet Union agrees to that as their research in the sea. This is entirely feasible. such a dynamic technology and will have stated policy in such negotiations, there are In later discussion a panelist returned to dynamic tactics through mobility. The thing some things that follow. They cannot have ASW operations, to ASW R & D and to the that makes the cases nonparallel is the fact an unlimited ABM system around their cit relationship of ASW to deterrence. He said that in the Polaris, Poseidon, ULMS case ies. That is incompatible with this. They can that the ASW operation is not a single opera the platforms are mobile. And in the other not have, nor can we, a large-scale MIRV tion by a submarine. It is not a single opera case they are fixed. Once the targeting is deployment that points to disarming the tion by a plane. It is not a single operation by done properly, the accuracy is achieved and land-based forces, nor can they have heavy a destroyer. It is not a single operation by the numbers fielded, there is not any ques ASW. We have to be prepared. When we get any sensor device. It is a combination. When tion about the outcome. answers to this question of the fundamental you say that our attack submarines have not The civilian panelist countered with a concept of the strategic relationship, we have been able to track our Polaris submarines, statement that he agreed that the mobility to come at that point to an understanding this does not niean that there are not other of the force makes it the most invulnerable that these subsystem decisions will be made ways in which we can find and detect sub system we have at the moment. Aircraft are in a very different context from the one in marines at sea. There are many ways to pro mobile but they have to put in at a base which we are trying to debate them here. vide some effectiveness against the subma once in a while. Subs have to put in at a A Navy spokesman then explained some rine threat: surveying them when they leave base once in a while. One can conceive of a fundamental operational aspects of deter Soviet ports, surveying them when they are situation in which a Soviet force of, let us rence. He said our land geography occupies at sea, surveying them during travel time, say, two to three to one hunter-killers in about nine percent of the Soviet defense and providing a defense in depth at sea. ratio to the Polaris-given a breakthrough perimeter, as seen from Moscow. In that nine Even if we do not know exactly where a sub in detection on tracking capability-could percent is the great majority of the weapons marine is, as soon as a missile comes up you pick up, follow and stay with every boat. systems that can hurt the Soviet Union. will be able to know where it is and then A Navy official disagreed. To show what Therefore, the Soviets build ICBMs, FOBS, perhaps deal with a missile in a number of kind of game and countergame it really is, etc., and aim them at the United States. ways and deal with the submarine. It is a he hypothesized putting in a dandy, high And some day, they may have a capability many sided problem. We are capable of mak powered, shore-based acoustic jammer off of destroying the United States. ing a many-sided approach. There are ways a port that would prevent the picking up of The Soviets have great momentum in which need to be taken in to consideration a U.S. nuclear-powered submarine. the buildup of strategic weapons. The high in our research and development program. Another senior Naval officer concluded the est defense people in the United States have said that by the mid-seventies, they are One of the things that has happened this discussion. He said we have got to quit year is that the research and development going to have a capability to destroy 95 worrying about the service politics and the percent of our land-based ICBMs. program for ASW-at a time when the So service rivalry that we have indulged in over viet submarines are becoming more quiet He then raised the question: With the the last 20 years when we were smart and Soviets going ahead with this buildup, why than we had expected-has been written at powerful and the enemy was weak and dumb. about $120 million. But all of this goes into are they delaying i;ALT negotiations? We must make the best use of the tech For the preservation of the United States, one airplane which, under the regular rules niques we have available and the optimum of the game, would come out of airplane de he recommended that we take steps right use of the geography of this country, if we now-and perhaps the time is already very velopment, not out of ASW development. are going to survive. We need to put in a lot more in ASW late-to optimize our deployment so that DETERRENCE DEFINED we can survive if they do not stop their R & D. There have been some panels that have been studying the problem and think A Naval spokesman said that there is an buildup. Deterrence is more than just threat ening to retaliate. It is to make it impos that we should really double our ASW R & D other kind of deterrence besides deterrence in order to develop sensors and mixes of by means of threat. He called it a checkmate. sible for the enemy to gain a decisive mili equipment that can begin to counter the Since our common purpose is to preserve the tary advantage by hitting the U.S. with a ASW threat. United States from nuclear destruction, and nuclear first strike. We have got to deploy our common concern is to prevent a nuclear the majority of our nuclear offensive weapons Obviously Admiral Rickover and a number outside the U.S., at sea, deployed around of other people are concerned, facing the first strike on the United States, we must make it impossible for an enemy to gain a the remaining 91 percent of his defense contingency of a large number of relatively perimeter to achieve this kind of deter high speed, relatively quiet Soviet hunter decisive military advantage by hitting the United States first. rence. killer subs. One would always worry that Concerning mutual deterrence another some later breakthrough in tracking and To do this best, he said, we are going to have to distribute more of our offensive participant said that it can only come detection or kill capability might permit through an act of political will on the part that force in being to become an immediate weapons based at sea around more areas of the Soviet defense perimeter, to take the of the Soviet government and the American or short term threat to the Polaris boats, government, because the development of shortly after the discovery was made. heat off the United States (with its limited land area) as the primary, time-urgent mili these weapons is not really going to stop. The main thing to remember is that the tary target of the Soviet Union. If we really If we do not have, for example, an ABM this Polaris boats are not invulnerable by any intend to provide an ABM defense, we must time around, we are going to have one next law of nature. We have a technological com think in terms of a defense-in-depth. For time around. petition underway in this area as in many He stressed that we are not going to do others. this, we have to use adjacent sea areas to find the needed space to provide a viable it by passing Senate resolutions. We are He thought it might be useful if we stood defense-in-depth of the United States. going to have mutual deterrence by declar back from specific weapons systems for a ing it as an act of political will in the inter moment and looked at ASW in the context Another Navy spokesman added that when we talk about deterrence, the question is, national arena. And it is probably going to be of a strategy of mutual deterrence and the what is it we seek to deter? Do we seek to almost impossible. forthcoming SALT talks. There are tech It seemed to him that, if we are going to deter war in general, or do we seek to deter i nological pressures that are on different particular weapons systems, particular ways have mutual deterrence, we are not going types of deterrents, ASW with regard to the of fighting a war? Should we try to draw a to do it simply by having gigantic ICBM Polaris class boat, MIRV with regard to fixed line and neutralize one means of combat so and Polaris forces. We are going to have de land-based missiles and ABM defenses, and that no one can use it? Our approach to terrence from the bottom up or the top ABM with regard to the penetration ca deterrence, he maintained, has very often down (meaning at all levels of conflict up .l } pability of any missile. Obviously MIRV and been the la.tter. We find that one particular to and including general nuclear war) ex ABM and ASW-though it ha.s not been means of combat which is particularly de cluding insurgency warfare. We have tried ~ talked about-have to become central ele our hand at that. But anything worse than structive and we see what we can do about J ments in the proposed negotiations because putting the "genie back in the bottle." that we had better be able to deter. If we all of them point toward the capability to A critic acknowledged that eventually we are going to want to do that, he asked, had erode the basis for mutual deterrence. All of may have to race, too. But in view of the we not best be equipped with the best / these technologies-MIRV, ABM and ASW existence of certain technologies-and MIRV things? are very troublesome if our goal in the next is one-before we enter upon a race that is He offered the opinion that the gentlemen decade is a stable mutual deterrence sys going to be very difficult to reverse, and be who introduce resolutions to have the Gen tem through agreements. fore we enter upon a race which predictably eral Accounting Office evaluate naval strat A Navy spokesman replied that he agreed will not only be costly in dollar terms but egy and to stop building the best carriers are with the premise that there is a dynamic costly in terms of national security because approaching it backwards. l situation. Technology is going to make every of the instability which it creates in this Another participant stressed that the deci thing vulnerable sooner or later. Although strategic balance, we ought at least to make sion to go for mutual deterrence ls one that MIRV is a great threat to the Minuteman this effort to explain our position more di cannot be made unilaterally. It is a decision system as a viable system and also to the rectly to the Soviets in the SALT t alks. We that the Russians have to have made at ABM system, he did not think that one can should supply them an answer to the ques- the same time. He said we have to consider l l ) ~ 1 September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25199
the evidence as to whether they have really if our policy called for that. And if we ist presented a provocative challenge to the made that decision, if that is what they are changed our minds and did not want to do propriety of conventional channels of de going to decide to live with. that any more, we could bring SABMIS ships cision-making concerning military postures. Turning to our sea-based deterrent, he home, always having them under the Ameri He said that he thought that there will be a commented, seemingly facetiously, that if its can flag and 100 percent under U.S. control. consensus in the Congress in the next sev great advantage is its invulnerability and its This explanation gave rise to the question eral years that the usefulness of an undersea likelihood of not being taken out in case of whether the Naval officer was suggesting deterrent and the usefulness of undersea of an attack-and we get a very high per that the United States is making a mistake in forces in general is quite high. He thought centage of our deterrent force based at sea not placing greater emphasis on the ABM. that there will be some Congressional senti then he would feel a little more comfortable He replied negatively. He said if the country ment for phasing out the manned bombers if we did not try to get them to run so deep is going to go beyond the present approved and part of Minuteman, to replace them with and run so quiet. He would like to have a first phase of the ABM, it should seriously more Polaris-type undersea forces, one of the little more visibility to attract some more of consider the sea-based option as one of the most promising of which seemed to be ULMS. the enemy's fire. candidates. In a defense-in-depth we must He went on to say that the real questions This comment provoked the reply from a also have something terminal; we must have concerning the role of the Navy revolve Naval representative that the option to put always a last ditch whether it is land or sea around its role in limited war, and then the these missiles on surface ships for the P..rst warfare. technological efficiency or obsolescence of time would be a good way to attract some A panelist then opined that obviously surface fleet. First, the CV A's and the of the enemy fire that might otherwise be SABMIS-the proposed seabased ABM sys CVAN's; and secondly, surface and part directed at the United States. He felt some tem under discussion-had greater ambigu underseas, the antisubmarine warfare forces. agreement from DOD might be obtained to ity with regard to the strategic function, as He pointed out that particularly CVA go ahead with the program by the mid-1970's a concept. It could be a population defense forces and antisubmarine warfare carriers if we have to. as opposed to a terminal defense. He thought have come under attack not only in the Con He pointed out that the ballistic missile t h at if mutual deterrence does not appear gress and in the Bureau of the Budget, but ship is not the invulnerable system that the to be in the cards and we appear to be fac also in the Defense Department. Really h ard submarine is but it is the second most sur ing stern competition in which population questions are also going to be asked increas vivable and least costly of all the options defense becomes a priority task in our na ingly in public about the cost-effectiveness available to us. It is still available. He con tional strategy, maybe SABMIS will yet see of the antisubmarine warfare carriers. He tinued that the Navy is not "beating the the light of day. informed the meeting that one of the pro drum" for a big ballistic missile ship force. posals that is being brought forward is to But it is available to the United States if we Mutual deterrence, he pointed out, takes mothball them or keep them back here in the need more missiles at sea in the shortest two. He thought that those of us who argue United States until the probability that we possible time, before 1975, for example. for negotiations first have a great burden in lose our overseas ASW bases starts increasing. He went on to say that the idea of aiming trying to explain some of the things the When that probability starts increasing, then missiles permanently at one another is not Soviets have been doing. It is very difficult we can send them back up. the kind of mutual deterrence that was being to rationalize the Soviet FOBS and some While professing not to be an expert on talked about. One of them might go off. Then of the depressed trajectory tests that are technology or an experienced expert on the the other fellow is going to have to fire rumored with respect to the SLBMs. And carriers, he said he had done a good deal of quickly thereafter. The balloon goes up. If even more, the particular pattern of their research on some of the behavlorable reac one wants more stable mutual deterrence, SS-9 ICBM technology, which, he said, prob t.ions or the institutional reactions of bu perhaps one might like two survivable sys ably now can be admitted in public at least reaucracies and of organizations to changes tems which do not need to strike first or in to be something more than a simple cluster, in technology. He said that was one of the stantly to survive and be effective. is not exactly the kind of flexible MIRV sys reasons he thought he was invited. tem we have been talking about. Technologies produce strategies, and strat LLMS-THE FOLLOW-ON TO POLARIS AND He went on to say it was extremely difficult POSEIDON tegies then require combat units and com for any of those who are for negotiations bat staff, he added. They then produce cer The Navy is developing an underwater first to understand why these uniquely in long-range missile system that is called the tain kinds of combat units such as carrier compatible systems, incompatible with mu attack forces and these tend to become in ULMS. The submarine itself will be more ad tual deterrence, are in process in the Soviet vanced and it will incorporate new tech stitutionalized. And when they become in Union. He thought that one plausible ex stitutionalized, the institutions develop bias nologies. It will be more efficient. The missile planation is that the Soviets have not yet in the submarine will be of longer range, so against new technologies and against new seen the probability of a successful negotia strategies. He referred to such a technology that we will eliminate travel time to and from tion. In the meantime, they are going ahead target. We will quadruple the space in which as that of a surface fleet and the question with new systems which is perfectly reason of the protectability of a surface fleet when to operate, which will at least quadruple the able, until we have an agreement. it starts to obsolesce. (And here he pointed enemy's ASW problem, or at least force him to spend many, many more times as much CONT RIBUTION OF DEEP OCEAN OPERATIONS TO out t hat some people are charging that they are becoming too vulnerable and that they on ASW as he does now. He would be forced THE NAVY'S MISSION The importance of modern oceanography are obsolescing). The institution, he felt, to expend resources for this purpose which would tend not to admit this and would not he might otherwise u se to build ICBMs and to the U.S. Navy was also brought up but in a context which suggested that military bases change strategies as a result. Only outside aim them at our country. the inst itutions or in very small groups in under the sea could be a substitute for fleet MISSILE DEFENSE AT SEA AND MUTUAL DETER side the institution would groups urge RENCE mobility. changes in technology: changes in strategy. A Navy spokesman replied, saying that Naval analyses revealed that the further And among the inside groups, it might be the forward the incoming weapons in the trajec while military based under the seas are com submarine groups, the submarine captains, tory of an aircraft weapon or missile are in ing, it must be recognized that anything the submarine admirals, who would chal tercepted, the greater the payoff. For in that is stationary-even under the sea-can lenge the role of the surface navy. Outside stance, in the case of MIRV, it was found that be located and pretargeted. They can be dealt it might be pressures such as the mayors if intercepted in early midcourse, we could with by the enemy in his own time and in in the United States looking for the resources get the MIRV cloud while it was still small. his own way. In order to get the most out of that were being spent on an obsolescent tech It could be caught with one or two weapons the available money, the U.S. Navy presently nology. If the surface navy is obsolescing as while it would take 20 or 30 based in the prefers to go to a mobile system which can some people allege and if a decreasing amount United States. But in order to provide such not be pretargeted and which can go where of the Navy's budget is spent on surface a defense in depth we had to use the seas it ls needed, when it is needed. fleets, then an increasing amount of t he to get additional buffer areas we needed. In Looking ahead, the deep submergence tech Navy's budget (and possibly of the pre~ti ge developing the concept for sea-based ABM, nique offers great promise. Just like the air of the promotions to captains and admirals) we took ABM technology that was already craft industry wants to get on top, to get would go to the submarines. This, he said, developed under the Nike X program. We higher, to produce a superior plane with bet creates a kind of institutional crisis in a way. took a ship of a type we have been building ter operational capability and altitude, in the He went on to say that the purpose of for years. We adopted the present ABM tech deep oceans the side which can descend far Air Force crews sitting at the bottom of mis nology to shipboard use. We used radar tech thest and maneuver and operate and fight sile silos and the Navy crews sitting in the nology that was already at sea but made it a at a lower level is going to have the advan Polaris submarines is only to keep those little more powerful. This is how we devel tage over the side that can not descend as forces ready and to fire them, not to plan for \ far. So this is the technology of the future. t oped the SABMIS concept for a sea-based the use of those weapons. If, for example, the mid-course intercept system. In conjunction A spokesman for maritime interests argued Navy was composed of submariners only, it wit h a Safeguard ABM system, it would that multi-purpose programs are the key to would lose credibility when it is said that provide a very viable defense-in-depth for the budget support and further stressed advan it should also help target those weapons, or United States. SABMIS could be deployed tages and benefits possible to both merchant it should also help decide on the policy or ) against the ICBM-threat as well as the SLBM and naval sectors of sea power through coop how the weapons are going to be used. The threat. It also is _capable of being moved eration and \'.!OOrdination. services tend thus to become custodians of overseas to assist in the defense of our allies, Towards the end of the discussion a panel- unmanned weapons rather than the users 25200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 of weapons, involving grand strategy: fleets The moderator closed with one final opin Media of bombers, task forces of carriers, etc. ion. He said he thought that those in the Mr. Charles Corddry, Baltimore Sun. And so i! or when technologies are alleged Navy and others who feel that the world is to be obsolescing, whether they are in fact or going to be divided into domestic spending OBSERVERS not, the institutions would tend to react and military spending have to be deluding Lieutenant Steve Abbot, USN, Office of the very defensively. This phenomenon, he added, themselves. It is not going to work that way. Assistant Secretary of Defense, Systems we will see during the course of the next The Navy and its advocates are going to have Analysis. several years in· the United States, and maybe to fight for the dollar with the domestic pro Mr. James Adams, AP. in the next several decades in the United grams, even though it may be mixing apples Mr. Holmes Alexander, McNaught Syndi States. and oranges. That is the way it is going to cate. He said he thought that these questions of be. He ended his statement by saying that if Captain L. D. Caney, USN, Office of the how vulnerable surface fleets are, how vul the Navy is one-half as convincing with the Chief of Naval Operations, Deputy Program nerable the carriers are, how useful they are country as it was today, it will do pretty Coordinator, New Construction Destroyer in limited war (since they do not have to be well. Program. as useful in strategic wars as they might have Mr. Ralph Casey, American Institute of Merchant Shipping. been one time) will have to be argued out. APPENDIX He maintained that this will not be done Captain John Counihan, USN (Ret.), Sys- on the floor of the Congress as some people Robert A. Kilmarx, seminar director. tems Research Corporation. seem to think it will be, nor in conferences Robert D. Novak, moderator. Mr. Bonner Day, U.S. News & World Report. like this. He quickly added he nevertheless PANELISTS Mr. William Downs, ABC News. did not gainsay the usefulness of conferences Panel I-Political and national security en Mr. John M. Elliott, Republican House Con like this or argument on the floor. They will vironment ference. be argued out in very technical or very de U.S. Navy Mr. Steven Engelberg, Legislative Assistant tailed papers. And there are plenty of pa to Senator Walter Mondale. pers floating around on system analysis in Vice Admiral Richard Colbert, USN, Presi Admiral Paul Foster, USN (Ret.), General the Pentagon, and probably during the dent, Naval War College. Dynamics. course of the next year more will be gener Rear Admiral George Miller, USN, Director, Mr. Hoyt Haddock, Executive Director, ated at MIT and at the Brookings Institu Strategic Defensive and Offensive Systems. AFL-CIO, Maritime Committee. tion. These will debate the Navy's case for Rear Admiral Even P. Aurand, USN, Di Lieutenant Edgar Hawkins, USN, Assistant the vulnerability or the security of surface rector, Long Range Objectives Group. to Vice Admiral Colbert. fleets. He thought that it would be a long Major General J6hn Chaisson, USMC, As Mr. Edwin Hood, President, Shipbuilders time before this debate is really worked out, sistant Deputy Chief of Staff (Plans). Council of America. and a lot more will have to be put into Admiral J. T. Hayward, USN, (Ret.), Vice Mr. Orr Kelly, Evening Star. it than what has been put ln so far. President, General Dynamics. Mr. William A. Korns, Executive Assistant A representative of the U.S. Navy, in reply, Congress to Senator Clifford P. Case. stated that the Department of Defense has Mr. Les Ledbetter, The New York Times. Mr. George Norris, Counsel to the House made studies, the JCS have made studies and Mr. John Loosbrock, Air Force & Space the Navy has made a number of studies of Committee on Armed Services. Digest. the survivability of surface systems. The in Area Specialists Mr. James Lucas, Scripps Howard. variable conclusion is that, undefended and Caribbean and Latin America Captain Lindsay McCarty, USN. operating at random at sea, without any Dr. Howard Davis, School of International Mr. James McKiney, Office of Program Ap defense, that the survivability of surface Service, American University. praisal (Navy). ships is measurable in hours. There is no Mr. Wes Michaelson, Executive Assistant study that he knew of by which it can be Middle East to Senator Mark Hatfield. proved that these surface ships are as vulner Dr. J. C. Hurewitz, Middle East Institute, Mr. Crosby Noyes, Evening Star. able as aneged. Military experience also is Columbia University. Mr. Robert Paarlberg, Legislative Aid to just the opposite. Navies were invented back Europe and NATO Senator Vance Hartke. in the days of the Medes and the Persians, Dr. James King, Institute for Defense Mr. Edgar Prina, Copley Press. or before. And the primary purpose of navies Analysis. Dr. Howard Reese, Systems Research Cor is to provide security for ships and for per poration. formance of important functions at sea. Far East and South Asia Mr. James Robinson, Legislative Assistant Navies have been very successful in that, and Colonel Robert Rigg. to Congressman William Anderson. they will continue to work at this task by Media Captain Gil Slonim, USN (Ret.) Special using similar technologies to those used to Assistant to the President, Navy League. threaten them. The main consideration is Mr. Robru-t De·bs Heinl, Detroit News. Mr. W.R. Teele, Assistant Project Manager, that all of us are in the business of provid Mr. Howard Stringer, CBS News. Ship Compatability Branch, Advanced Sys ing for the survivability of our country. Of Panel II-Conditions of peace and conven tems Concepts Division, Naval Air Systems course, ships are vulnerable, but vulnerabil tional war Command. ity is relative. The news from Viet Nam re Mr. Frank Uhlig, U.S. Naval Institute U.S. Navy r' minds us almost daily that men, too, are Vice Admiral Richard Colbert, USN. Proceedings. I vulnerable. But this does not mean we can Mr. Steve Vossmeyer, Legislative Assistant I Rear Admiral Evan P. Aurand, USN. \ do without armies. Viet Nam also reminds Major General John Chaisson, USMC. to Senator Thomas Eagleton. / us that aircraft and fixed bases are also Admiral J. T. Hayward, USN (Ret.). The Honorable Richard Ware, Deputy As vulnerable. But we still must have military sistant Secretary of Defense, ISA. aircraft and fixed bases. U.S. Army Mr. Desmond Wilson, Center for Naval The major concern today, he pointed out, General Robert Wood, USA, (Ret.), Re Analyses. is the survivability of the fixed weapon search Analysis Corporation. Mr. George Wilson, Washington Post. systems in the United States that can be Congress Mr. William Young, Legislative Assistant targeted by ICBMs, SLBMs, and so forth. to Senator Claiborne Pell. f Whether we like it or not, our limited U.S. Representative David E. Satterfield (D. land geography compels us as never before Va.), Committee on Interstate and Foreign to utilize the seas to a greater extent for Commerce. deployment of our nuclear offensive and de Mr. George Norris, Counsel, House Oom mittee on Armed Services. NEED FOR INCREASE IN SOCIAL fensive weapons and to provide them with SECURITY BENEFITS IN 1969 sufficient survivability to do their jobs if Mr. Sam Black, Democratic Study Group. oalled upon. The United States is as land Mr. Robert Sherman, Legislative Assistant ? deficient with respect to today's nuclear and Speech Writer to Senator McGovern. I HON. JAMES A. BURKE weapons as England was with respect to the Media weapons of World War II. We have no other OF M:ASSACHUSETTS ,/ choice. We are compelled to deploy more of Mr. Lloyd Norman, Newsweek. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our weapons at sea, to make it impossible for Panel III-General war and deterrence of general war Thursday, September 11, 1969 an aggressor to gain a decisive military ad vantage by striking the United States first. U.S. Navy Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. Another participant added that there had Rear Admiral George Miller, USN. Speaker, because of the grave concern on not been a single Essex class carrier or sub Admiral J. T. Hayward, USN, (Ret.). the part of the elderly with the possibility sequent class, from World War II on, that that the U.S. Government will not grant has ever been lost to enemy action or by any Congress other cause. And they have been through Mr. George Norris, Counsel, House Com an increase in social security benefits three wars. He thought that on the basis of mittee on Armed Services. this year, a tremendous rally will be held that record, since World War II, the usability Dr. Alton Frye, Le-gisl,ative Assistant to by the senior citizens of Massachusetts in of naval forces is extremely clear. Senator Edw.ard W. Brooke. October 1969. As one of those who has September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25201 been urging the distinguished chairman was a member of the Administrative Protect natural vegetative cover on land of the House Ways and Means Commit Conference of the United States. through government purchase of land and acquisition of easements on a greatly ex tee, the Honorable WILBUR D. MILLS, to These are the kind of jobs a man holds panded scale, particularly in river basin schedule action on social security legisla who possesses the gift of being able to watersheds; ensure effective soil conservation tion this year, I can appreciate the dire make those around him work together laws in areas already under development; re need for an increase in social security in harmony and with singleness of pur quire complete restoration of land that has benefits in 1969. pose. It is the gift of the group leader, been subjected to stripping for coal mining The details of the rally follow: the team captain, and Admiral Harllee or any other purpose; establish a tax struc LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL FOR OLDER AMERICANS held it to a great degree. ture that would encourage the preservation AND COUNCIL OF ELDERS INC. PROCLAIM: The late President John F. Kennedy of open space. SENIOR CITIZENS MOBILIZATION DAY FOR Implement recent Federal legislation by appointed Admiral Harllee to the Fed establishing stringent standards and en FREEDOM FROM WANT THROUGH ADEQUATE eral Maritime Commission in 1961 and SOCIAL SECURITY AND DECENT HOUSING SAT forceable regulations at State and Federal URDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1969 2 years later made him chairman. Presi levels to prevent contamination of all dent Johnson reappointed him in 1965. water-atmospheric, surface, and subsurface With our co-Sponsors, the Golden Age His decision to retire at this time will (thermal pollution must be considered a Council of Greater Boston, and others to be contaminant in this context). named later, we announced: Senior Citizen transfer to other hands duties which he has performed well and many of us are Amend the Air Pollution Act of 1967 to Rally at War Memorial Auditorium (on include effective Federal air shed stand Boylston Street, Boston, Near Prudential sorry to see him go. ards; strengthen local and regional air pol Center), Saturday, October 18th, 1 :30 p.m. lution regulations; further the study and (Doors open 12:30), (Orchestra and Enter implementation of ways to circumvent mass tainment Until 1 :30). use of the internal combustion engine. INVITED SPEAKERS THE UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST Create standards for use of pesticides and U.S. Senator Edward M. Kennedy, U.S. Sen ASSOCIATION defoliating chemicals, reducing their use to ator Edward Brooke, Speaker of the House, amounts deemed safe by latest scientific Hon. John W. McCormack, Congressman findings, banning their use entirely where James A. Burke, Congressman Silvio 0. Conte, HON. DON EDWARDS ecological control methods can be estab and the entire Massachusetts Congressional OF CALIFORNIA lished. Delegation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Broaden and intensify studies of the ef This is a call to action to assemble the fects of population congestion in terms of greatest show of senior power in the history Thursday, September 11, 1969 what noise, confusion, and ugliness may do of Massachusetts. We want to exert pressure Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. to the human spirit; prepare to act on the on our entire delegation in Washington to result of these studies in ways that could become the driving force to get social se Speaker, ow- country, our Govei-nment, include rebuilding existing cities and creat curity legislation on the floor of the House. indeed the entire world find themselves ing new planned ones; planning highway and This year-not 1970 or 1971-We need faced today with many serious problems: transportation systems w:th concern for financml aid of a substantial nature now. the arms race, campus unrest, racism, beauty and utility; setting restrictions on Let's show our political muscle at war Me environmental pollution, world peace, to airport locations and on the types of planes morial Auditorium on Saturday, October name only a few. These problems must that may be flown. 18th. and can be tackled head on but only Stop the manufacture, transport, and test We are demanding a substantial increase in through the concerted efforts of all citi ing of chemical, biological, and radiological social security this year, decent housing and zens working individually and through weapons and their use against human beings. the right to live as first-class citizens of (Adopted by greater than a two-thirds America. various organizations. One of the most majority vote.) important of these organizations is the church because it is based on solid doc II. ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE PROGRAM REAR ADM. JOHN HARLLEE RE trines of brotherhood, peace, and under Be It Resolved: That the 1969 General As standing. It is to our Nation's benefit sembly of the Unitarian Universalist Asso SIGNS AS CHAIRMAN OF FMC ciation opposes the development, construc that the various religious organizations tion, and deployment of any anti-ballistic have more and more come to see their missile system, and urges the United States HON. JOHN D. DINGELL role in terms of broad social responsi Senate and House of Representatives to op OF MICHIGAN bility. Acting as an intermediary between pose the funding of the Safeguard program. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their members and the Government, they The 1968 General Assembly of the Uni Thursday, September 11, 1969 can often serve as the spokesmen for tarian Universalist Association urged that large groups of people who want to be the United States terminate its multi-billion Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, Rear heard, who have suggestions for im dollar anti-ballistic missile program. The Adm. John Harllee, retired, resigned the anti-ballistic missile program may continue, provement or change. despite increasing opposition throughout chairmanship of the Federal Maritime One such organization is the Unitarian \ Commission recently, and so closed an the country and in the Congress. Such a I Universalist Association which has long program can intensify the arms race, provide other chapter in a long record of service been concerned with ways in which to a false sense of security since it is only mar to this country. solve our often complicated problems. ginally effective as a defensive weapon, and During 37 % years of naval and civilian Recognizing their social responsibility, involves a large expenditure of funds which duty, Admiral Harllee performed a great this association recently met in Boston at can better be employed elsewhere. many tasks well. the eighth general assembly and adopted The General Assembly also opposes the The motor torpedo boat suqadron he several important resolutions stating further development, construction, and de I commanded during World War II re ployment of multi-warhead offensive mis ) their views on issues of immediate and siles, including the so-called MIRV. ceived the Presidential Unit Citation for national concern, vi&ws which I feel are (Adopted by greater than a two-thirds its service during the time he headed well reasoned and of high validity and majority vote.) it. A destroyer he commanded in post should he considered by the Members of III. CAMPUS FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBIITY war years won its division competition. this body. For this reason, Mr. Speaker, \ The attack cargo ship he skippered in Be It Resolved: That the 1969 General As \ I include the fallowing resolutions in the sembly of the Unitarian Universalist Asso the 1950's won more awards than any RECORD: ciation affirms its adherence to the following other naval vessel during 1957-58. GENERAL RESOLUTIONS principles: \ \ Admiral Harllee served as chief staff (Text of general resolutions adopted by the 1. The unrestricted search for truth re officer of the PT organization in the Eighth General Assembly of Unitarian Uni quires freedom to examine all questions, to Southwest Pacific; executive officer of versalist Association, held at the Statler seek ideas and evidence from all sources, to the cruiser Manchester; commander of Hilton Hotel, Boston, Mass., on July 14-18, listen to any speaker for information or I Destroyer Division 152; commander of 1969) inspiration. ( surface ships on Formosa patrol; chief I. ENVIRONMENT 2. The university community has a respon Be It Resolved: That the 1969 General As sibility and needs the freedom to function \ of staff of Flotilla 3. As a private citi sembly of the Unitarian Universalist Asso as a total social institution-including both zen he was chairman of Citizens for ciation promote environmental quality con itself and the world around it. ~ Kennedy and Johnson of Northern Cali trol by supporting at every level applicaQle, 3. The university's prime function is the ~ fornia, and until his retirement from and encouraging members to support, pro education of the students. Education is a the Federal Maritime Commission he grams and legislation that would: mutual responsibility of students and fac- '\ 25202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 ulty and should involve participation of both BUSINESS ITEMS Unitarian Universalists notwithstand!ing our groups in the decision-making process. I. PROJECT EQUALITY underlying unity and common religious af 4. Freedom to speak includes the right to Be It Be Resolved: That the 1969 General filiation. express dissent in diverse ways, but does not DIVISION OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY. encompass action to prevent full, open, and Assembly: orderly debate or to restrict or restrain the 1. Urges the Unitarian Universalist Associa freedom of others to speak or to learn. On tion to continue and intensify its relation the contrary, such use of physical disrup with the Project Equality Council, and fur tions or force is destructive of the pursuit of ther, COMMENDATION FOR FAA HEAD learning and of a free society. 2. Urges its local societies to participate in 5. Use of oppression, repression, or blind Project Equality wherever it is operating in HON. GRAHAM PURCELL force by institutions, administrations, facul their local community. ties, or students, is not the answer to any 3. Urges the Unitarian Universalist Associa- OF TEXAS move by students to gain their place in the tion to join Project Equality. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Adopted unanimously.) educational community. Thursday, September 11, 1969 (Adopted by greater than a two-thirds II. COUNTERACTING INSTITUTIONAL RACISM majority vote.) Be It Resolved: That the 1969 Genea-al Mr. PURCELL. Mr. Speaker, I take IV. SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM Assembly: this opportunity to recognize and com Be It Resolved: That the 1969 General As 1. Instruct the Unitarian Universalist As mend an outstanding public servant, Mr. sembly of the Unitarian Universalist Asso sociation administration to conduct a care Henry L. Newman, of Fort Worth, Tex. ciation urges that the President and Con ful investigation of the hiring practices of Since June 1, 1965, Mr. Newman has gress take immediate steps to abolish the hotels proposed as s'ites for General Assem served as director of the Southwest re Selective Service System and establish a vol blies and other denomination-wide meetings, said investigations to include data on (a) gion of the Federal Aviation Adminis unteer military service with the financial, tration. As director, Mr. Newman is re educational, and professional incentives nec comparative numbers of white and minority essary to attract personnel. employees in each job category, (b) com sponsible for the activities of the FAA We do not believe that military service parative numbers of white and minority em and its 5,100 employees in the States of should be interpreted as annuling such con ployees in each salary level, ( c) training and New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Lou stitutionally guaranteed rights as freedom promotion opportunities offered minority isiana, and Texas. of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom employees by the hotel, and (d) human re In the 4 years that he has held his of speech, freedom of association, freedom lations program designed by the hotel to current position, Mr. Newman has earned of religion, and the right to petition for re help employees relate to minority employees and hotel guests as people with human dlig widespread respect and admiration. At dress of grievance, and whereas such actions this point in time, as the Dallas-Fort as the court martials and administrative nity; and that this information be made harassment of the eight organizers of Gis available to delegates 60 days in advance of Worth community undertakes develop United Against The War In Vietnam at Fort General Assemblies. ment of a regional airport, we are espe Jackson, South Carolina, the pending court 2. Request the Unitarian Universalist As cially fortunate to have a man available martial of Pvt. Joe Miles, organizer of the sociation administration to schedule Gen with such talents and energy. Fort Bragg Gis United, and the punishments eral Assemblies only in hotels where, in its Eminently qualified and with much ex meted out to the Presidio 27 are in contra judgment, based on the a.hove investigation, perience, Mr. Newman came to the diction to the First Amendment to the U.S. equal employment practices prevail; or, if such hotels are not available, to pNceed with Southwest with an acute awareness of Constitution, the potential and problems facing air Be It Further Resolved: That the 1969 UUA negotiations to obtain from a hotel a firm General Assembly calls upon the President of commitment to an affirmative action plan of transportation. He has to his credit 24 the United States to grant amnesty to all its own, specifying short and long-range goals years' service with the Civil Aeronautics servicemen and women who have been vic in the areas of (a) recruitment, training, Administration and its successor, the timized for exercising their rights of free and upgrading of minority employees; (b) Federal Aviation Administration. Fol speech, assembly, association, etc.; human relations training for all employees; lowing 4 years of service in the Army That the 1969 UUA General Assembly urges and (c) an ongoing evaluation program for Air Corps, Mr. Newman joined the CAA the President, the Secretary of State, the assessing how well the plan is implemented; and that the results of this negotiation be in 1946. Secretary of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of After working briefly in Washington, Staff publicly to affirm Adjutant General made av.ail.able to delegates 60 days in ad Wickham's letter of May 28, 1969, instructing vance of the General Ass·emblies. he spent 10 years in the Alaskan region all commanding Generals that "the question 3. Urge that the Unitarian Universalist as executive officer and, later, as Deputy of soldier's dissent ls linked with the consti Association administration siinilarly look Regional Administrator. His competence tutional right of free speech" and to make carefully at our other corporate practices to was readily apparent, and he was pro copies of this statement of GI liberties avail identify and develop methods of counter moted to Assistant Regional Adminis able to all military personnel in order that acting other instances of compliance with trator of the eastern region. In 1958, Mr. they may have knowledge of their rights. institutional racism. (Adopted by greater than a two-thirds Newman asswned the position of Assist (Adopted by greater than a two-thirds ma ant Regional Manager for the central jority vote.) majority vote.) region, and subsequently moved up the J V. GRAPE BOYCOTT ladder to regional manager and then ( Be It Resolved: That the 1969 General As STATEMENT OF CONSENSUS ON THE UNITED sembly of the Unitarian Unlversalist Asso NATIONS Deputy Director. ciation: This important statement was adopted On June 1, 1965, Mr. Newman became 1. Supports the rights of farm workers to "virtually unanimously" by the General As director of the Southwest region of the organize and bargain collectively, without sembly. Copies are available in pamphlet FAA. He arrived in our area immediately fear of discharge, intimidation, or coercion form. after the decision to build a regional air for their involvement in union activity. port to serve Dallas and Fort Worth had 2. Urges Unitarian Universalists through NOTE been made. With the foresight that has out the continent to boycott all American become one of his outstanding qualities, table grapes and request their local store These resolutions were adopted by the 1969 General Assembly of the Unitarian Mr. Newman saw the need to get the j managers to remove them from their shelves. 3. Affirms the right of dignity and justice Universalist Association, consisting of a regional airport project underway. for all men, and supports Mexican-Ameri broadly representative group of laymen and He immediately launched efforts to cans, chicanos, and Spanish-speaking Ameri ministers. They reflect a substantial prepon promote the cooperation among the vari cans in their fight to secure their inalien derance of opinion, although not necessarily ous groups involved with the project, able human rights. unanimity on all points, of the majority of encouraging them not only to plan but J (Adopted by greater than a two-thirds ma individuals present at the Gener·al Assembly. to act. As he traversed the area, telling / jority vote.) They may or may not represent a substantial majority of members of our local churches about the future of air transportation, VI. SUPPORT FOR MINISTERS INVOLVED IN COUN and fellowships. Since the Unitarian Uni Mr. Newman made many friends. SELING SERVICES FOR PROBLEM PREGNANCIES versalist Association cherishes and recognizes Mr. Newman's vision of land use com Be It Resolved: That the 1969 General As both congregational policy and the freedom patible with airport development should sembly of the Unitarian Universalist Associa- of individual members, these resolutions do also be commended. Familiar with the t ion expresses its support for and encourage not presume to speak for all delegates to the problems generated by poor land plan ment of ministers who are participants in Eighth General Assembly or certainly not all counseling services for women with prob members of Unitarian Universalist churches ning for areas adjacent to airports in lem pregnancies. and fellowships. We rec·ognize that strong other areas of our Nation, Mr. Newman (Adopted by greater than a two-thirds differences of opinion may exist on specific is determined the same mistakes shall majority vote.) questions .among sincere and thoughtful not recur in the southwest. He is a tire- September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25203 less advocate of compatible land use, and fense With education for a degree in civilian attack on social problems. Any problem that to that end, has offered his insights to institutions of higher learning. raises its head must be struck down immedi The tradition began in 1819 with the ately, or at least that "commitment" must all interested local planners. Mr. New founding of the American Literary, Scientific be made. The way to solve any problem is man's vision of a better environment will and Military Academy at Northfield, Ver by frontal assault-appropriate some money certainly prove invaluable as the 18,000- mont-now Norwich University. The anni and hire some hands to man the bureaucracy. acre regional airport site is developed. versary also marks the beginning of what is The result has been long on promises and In addition to his experience, exper now the ROTC (Reserve Officers Training short on performance. tise, and vision, Mr. Newman brings to Corps) program. The most pertinent criticism of the "New his job an unwavering dedication to pub In launching the anniversary observation, Federalism," indeed, is that it, sounds sus lic service. For this dedication, I con Secretary Resor said, "The idea of educating piciously like nothing more than the la test officers for national defense on the campuses in the series of crusades. Certainly, we will gratulate him. Hiring out as a public of civilian colleges and universities is in accomplish little merely by deciding that the servant, in Mr. Newman's view, neces keeping with the American concept of the newest and latest panacea is to turn every sarily means placing a premium on serv citizen-soldier and civilian control over our thing over to the states. Yet the slogan ice to the people. His efforts are char military forces. The ROTC program combines tainted title is perhaps unfortunate, for Mr. acterized by this attitude, and the efforts the outstanding resources and sound tradi Nixon's suggestions do seem set apart from of his coworkers are similarly directed tions of our colleges and universities with the standard Federal approach by both more by his inspiration and example. play of civilian university and military train farsighted planning and more modest The emphasis Mr. Newman places on those of the military service. This vital inter promises. ing is the essence of the ROTC program. Ob The Nixon Administration's almost start public service is indicated by the fact servation of the anniversary throughout the ling preoccupation with the machinery of that he and his personnel go to the peo Army Will provide opportunities to reaffirm Government, for example, is certainly a de ple, rather than waiting for the people the thinking of the civilians and national parture. Such often-dreary detail has gen to come to him. Instead of relying on leaders who established this concept and tra erally been overlooked amid crusading fer fear and punitive action, Mr. Newman dition." vor. In many areas the result has been to chooses the positive approach of offering The Army plan includes a wide variety of pile programs and agencies into an incom advice and counsel. ceremonies, open houses, homecomings and prehensible jumble-one of the most notori other activities on campuses where Army ous being the various manpower training His attitude toward public service ROTC is offered and in communities programs Mr. Nixon has set out to pull to makes him an effective public adminis throughout the country to give the American gether and put under state control. trator. To enhance the effectiveness of public a better understanding of the ROTC The Administration's planning can also be government, Mr. Newman has partici program. commended for trying to discern first prin pated in the steering group for Federal ciples rather than to design written-in-Wash Assistance Review, designed to simplify ington blueprints. Its proposals for welfare procedures for assistance to communi MR. NIXON'S NONCRUSADE reform are a case in point. A national floor ties and States. He is also serving as is put under state welfare payments, but at a chairman of the Dallas-Fort Worth Fed level low enough to be manageable. Beyond eral Executive Board, an organization HON. BOB WILSON that, the principle is work-a requirement OF CALIFORNIA that the able-bodied accept employment, in which encourages more cooperation creased rewards for those who do work, train among governmental units. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing and day-care facilities where they will Mr. Speaker, the people of the South Thursday, September 11, 1969 help put people to work. west are well served by Mr. Newman. His Despite the instant outcry from some quar vision and dedication to public service Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, the ters about being mean to the poor, it should will insure that more and better air Nixon administration's approach to a be clear that the only real solution to their transportation will be provided to our multitude of serious national problems problems is to help them work their own way region. I salute Mr. Newman for his has been one of realism and determina out of dependency. Whatever actual effects tion, rather than the sloganeering which the reforms may have, it is this principle efforts, and encourage him to continue Mr. Nixon is trying to put into operation. his outstanding service, as I know he has characterized so many recent Fed Also commendably, Mr. Nixon offers his re will. eral attempts in the field of social prog forms more as sensible things to do than as ress. The fallowing editorial from the the magic remedies for anything. The prom September 4 Wall Street Journal is a ises are modest, especially gauged against THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF ROTC well-balanced evaluation of the admin those to which the nation has become accus istration's efforts to effect meaningful tomed. In explaining the New Federalism to solutions and I would like to take this the governors the other night, the President Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY opportunity to share this editorial with remarked, "We can only toss the ball; the OF MISSISSIPPI states and localities have to catch and carry my House colleagues: it." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [From the Wall Street Journal, Sept. 4, 1969] The thrust of the Nixon approach then, Thursday, September 11, 1969 REVIEW AND OUTLOOK: MR. NIXON'S seems to be cutting national expectations NONCRUSADE into line With reality, insuring that a few Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, the The Nixon Administration's "New Federal first principles are established, putting Gov Honorable Stanley Resor, Secretary of ism" does not make an especially convincing ernment machinery in working order, and the Army, has sent a memorandum to crusade, which is just as well. For Nixon's letting subsequent events take their course.' \ all Members of Congress pointing out the message is that the crusading, sloganeering Given the American character and recent \ fact that this is the 150th anniversary of approach has not solved our problems but American experience, it all seems a little odd. the ROTC program. This communique aggravated them. Yet considering where the instinctive cru also served to remind me of the vital In his speech to the state governors the sades have taken us in recent years, it does other night, the President ticked off some of seem time for Americans to start trying to importance of ROTC to our national de the problems his Administration has in understand that real remedies to social prob fense and the concept of the citizen herited. Inflation out of control. State and lems may require a bit more longheadedness soldier. I would urge my colleagues to local governments caught in a fiscal squeeze. and patience. join in the celebration of this anni The Federal Government over-centralized versary in any manner they feel fitting. and over-bureaucratized. Its spending on so As a reminder to my colleagues of this cial programs reaching $250 billion over five event, I would like to insert the memo years, but its reward "a harvest of dissatis THE RETIREMENT OF THE ROCHES randum from Secretary Resor. It is as faction, frustration and bitter division." TER CITY SEALER Perhaps more important than any of these follows: individual problems is their cumulative re OBSERVATION OF 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF ROTC sult--"a collapse of confidence in Govern HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. The Secretary of the Army, Stanley R. ment itself, a mounting distrust of all au OF NEW YORK Resor, has announced plans for a four-month thority that stemmed in large measure from observation of the 150th anniversary of mili the increasing inability of Government to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tary instruction on civilian college campuses. deliver its services or to keep its promises." Thursday, September 11, 1969 The opening of the new school year this So much of this legacy results from the month marks the anniversary of an Ameri crusading approach. The impatience and di Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, the many can tradition-the tradition of combining rectness that mark the American character friends and colleagues of Anthony Sa the development of officers for national de- have also marked the American Government's menfink, who was formerly the city CXV--1588-Part 19 25204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September it, 1969 sealer of Rochester, N.Y., are paying time enable the government to reduce taxes Cambridge from the Boston and Maine Rail tribute to him tonight for his 48 years and, in time, pay off the national debt-to road. of service to the community. Mr. Samen boot! Why not? Reclamation Systems, Inc., will build a re ceiving terminal there and install two hy fink resides at 60 Cheltenham Road in draulic presses capable of compacting 2000 my congressional district and I would NEW METHODS OF SOLID WASTE tons of refuse in a 16-hour work day. like to take note of this special occasion. DISPOSAL Waste will be received from collection Mr. Samenfink was the city sealer for trucks and deposited on heavy duty convey more than 30 years and served well the ors for transfer to the compaction chambers people of the city. He was active in the HON. ROBERT 0. TIERNAN of the presses. After the material has been converted into professional associations of officials of OF RHODE ISLAND bales weighing between 4000 and 6000 pounds similar responsibility at both the State IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES each, the bales will be strapped with metal and National level. He served as president banding and conveyed to a loading platform of the New York State Association of Thursday, September 11, 1969 for transportation. to a land fill site. Weights and Measures, spent 5 years on Mr. TIERNAN. Mr. Speaker, earlier The company's facility in East Cambridge the executive committee of the group, will be adjacent to a railroad siding. this year I introduced the Resource Re A spokesman for the company said it ex and also was a member of the legislative covery Act of 1969. The principle provi pects to use a land fill site within 100 miles and resolutions committees. At the na sions of this bill would direct the Secre of the receiving terminal. Two communities tional level he was a vice president of tary of Health, Education, and Welfare are being studied. · the National Conference on Weights and to conduct studies and report to the Saul Slagel owns 28 per cent of the stock Measures. President and the Congress on the most of Reclamation Systems, Inc., and is the Mr. Speaker, if we are to have sound economical means of recovering useful chief executive officer of the new company. materials from solid wastes, recommend He is also president of Bay State Machinery government, we must have responsible Corp. of Cambridge, dealers in new and used officials at all levels. We must have peo uses of such materials for national and machinery, and Bay State International, Inc., ple who fill their office with integrity, international welfare and the market of of Cambridge, importers of machinery. interest, and competence. These qualities such recovery, and to recommend incen Although the company will not begin op are equally important at the local level tive programs-including tax incen erations until next year it is already seeking as they are at the State and National tives-to assist in solving the problems customers. levels, and I am pleased to join in the of solid waste disposal. It is negotiating with the cities of Houston recognition being given to one such of I was heartened to read in this Mon and Cleveland to engage in reclamation work day's edition, September 8, of the Bos there. ficial. It is also carrying on discussions with the ton Herald Traveler, of an attempt be-· cities of Quincy and Norwich, Conn., about ing made by a firm in Cambridge, Mass., establishing receiving terminal facilities in BUREAUCRATIC SCLEROSIS Reclamation Systems, Inc., to deal with those communities. this problem in an effective and economi cal way. In the article, it was noted that HON. JERRY L. PETTIS this new firm "will package waste mate OF CALIFORNIA rial for disposal, converting garbage and ANNOUNCEMENT ON HEARINGS ON IN rubbish into profits." The chief executive THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXCHANGE VISITORS Thursday, September 11, 1969 officer of Reclamation Systems, Inc., Mr. Saul Siagel, is well aware of man's need Mr. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, recently one to adjust to his environment. Of the , of the prominent residents of Washing many threats to civilization, deteriorat HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN ton wrote a thought-provoking "edi ing environmental quality must be placed OF OHIO torial" in the Evening Star which ex among the major concerns of civilized IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES presses a point of view of many millions man. Thursday, September 11, 1969 of Americans on the subject of our recent Also associated with this firm is Mr. space program. Richard Flavin, of Boston, who has long Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, the Im And as we all contemplate the future shown an acute awareness of the prob migration and Nationality Subcommittee role Qf our space program in the light of lems surrounding the disposal of solid of the Committee on the Judiciary will all the demands made upon our taxpay wastes. hold hearings on September 15, 1969, in ers, I commend Mr. Dixon's remarks to It has been noted that we are a nation room 2141, Rayburn House Office Build you for reading. He has titled them of users, not consumers, and that in our ing, at 10:30 a.m. "Bureaucratic Sclerosis": efforts to cope with these problems we These will be the second hearings held BUREAUCRATIC-SCLEROSIS must recognize that we can neither cre to examine the operations of the immi The reason the men of the NASA-Space ate nor destroy matter. The mere exist gration aspects of the Mutual Cultural Agency have been able to generate more ence of Reclamation Systems, Inc., which and Educational Exchange Act, particu mileage--(results)-per each dollar used plans to convert solid waste material larly the effect these provisions have on than by men of other agencies of the gov into land fill, is an encouraging step in the immigration of doctors, nurses, and ernment is simply because NASA is still this process. other members of the medical profes { young, strong and vibrant and has, therefore sions. Witnesses will be Dr. C. H. William J not yet become afflicted with that dread dis At this point in the RECORD, I include ease known as Bureaucratic-Sclerosis. Spend the newspaper article for the benefit of Ruhe, director, Medical Education Divi ing 24 billion dollars to put a man on the my colleagues: sion, American Medical Associatioo, and Dr. Harold Margulies who until recently i moon is peanuts compared to the staggering NEW FIRM SET To BUNDLE RUBBISH FOR waste of other once-proud and productive served as secretary of the Council on agencies of our government-agencies now PROFIT Health Manpower of the American Medi ) withering away under a bureaucratic sun (By Robert L. Hassett) cal Association. Dr. Margulies has au withering like a once-productive vine now Ground will be broken in early September thored a number of articles in medical ) severed from its roots. for a new business which will package waste journals and a book dealing with foreign ( The $24 billion spent by NASA has not material for disposal, converting garbage and been wasted: unlike the untold billions doled rubbish into profits. medical graduates. out in foreign aid-the $24 billion spent by Reclamation Systems, Inc., was organized The hearings will examine the entire / NASA is still in circulation right here in the last October, and last May it sold 200,000 problem of foreign and other medical United States: Neil Armstrong didn't leave shares of stock at $10 a share. personnel in the United States including it up there on the moon and if every man Its net proceeds total about $1,937,600, and the quality of medical services rendered and woman of every agency of our govern it is expected that it will become operational by foreign doctors, the need of our coun ments, federal, state and local, across the during the first quarter of 1970. nation, would each perform their duties, re The company says its basic concept is "that try for foreign doctors, the misuse of spectively, with the same dedication as the of compacting solid waste into high density foreign doctors on training programs to men a.nd women of NASA have performed in bales through the use of heavy duty hy fill permanent hospital staff needs, and the past eight years-America, with God's draulically operated presses." the efforts of the AMA to assure high help, will be able to put men on Mars and To do this it has leased 167,750 square feet quality medical services in the United other Stars, erase squalor, and at the same of land off Msgr. O'Brien Highway in East States. September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25205 POSTAL REFORM Submitted by: Branch 19, National Asso THE DEATH OF HO CHI MINH ciation of Letter Carriers, i.ocal 147, United Federation of Postal Clerks. HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONGE Referred to: Resolutions Committee. HON. MARIO BIAGGI Committee Action: Concurrence. OF NEW YORK OF CONNECTICUT Convention Action: Adopted Unanimously. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, September 11, 1969 RESOLUTION No. 5-POSTAL REFORM Thursday, September 11, 1969 Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, at the Whereas: Due to the huge increase in mail Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker. I had the convention of the Connecticut State volume caused by the increase in popul1 Gion, pleasure of reading a very fine article in and new delivery territory necessitating new the September 10 edition of the Wash Labor Council, AFL-CIO, held in New routes; and Haven, September 3-5, several resolu ington Daily News. It was written by Mr. Whereas: Post offices have become anti Ray Cromley and clearly conveys my tions were adopted calling for action by quated and too small to handle the ever the U.S. Congress on postal reform and increasing mail volume; and feelings and those of many other Ameri improvement of the postal service and Whereas: Additional building of mecha cans about the late Ho Chi Minh. For the status of postal employees. These nized post offices, and mechanization of exist that reason, it is only fitting that the resolutions were submitted by Connecti ing installations must be continued to han entire article be entered in the CONGRES cut branches of the National Association dle mail volumes, improve working condi SIONAL RECORD. tions, eliminate overcrowded buildings; and The article follows: of Letter Carriers and the United Fed Whereas: H.R. 4, introduced by Congress eration of Postal Clerks and were man Dulski, Chairman of the House Post Ho CHI MINH adopted unanimously at the convention Office and Civil Service Committee, will, by Most astounding have been the series of of the State labor council. law, provide for modernization of the Postal editorials in a number of leading American While the resolutions speak for them Service, thereby improving postal service to newspapers praising the late Ho Chi Minh as selves, I feel that the views of the Con the public, but continuing it as a regular an ardent nationalist and Vietnamese patriot. necticut State Labor Council, as ex government agency with the Postmaster Gen By no standards was Ho a patriotic nation- eral a Cabinet Member- alist. . pressed in these resolutions, should be Establish a better transportation system Ho began his career as a paid agent of the brought to the attention of all of · our for handling mail Comintern in the employ of the Russian Em colleagues and the public generally. All Establish a building program bassy in Canton. He continued this career for of us are vitally interested in improve Establish a Commission on Postal Finance, years in South China, later in Thailand and ment of the postal service and its estab and then at variou~ points in Southeast Asia. "In lishment on an efficient basis. I feel cer Set up Employee Labor-Management Pro his early Canton days in the middle and late tain that we can and will achieve that cedures; 1920's, he made considerable amounts of goal, but I am not so certain that the Therefore, be it resolved: That the Con money selling out nationalist Vietnamese to necticut AFL-CIO assembled in Convention, the French police. Under the pretense of postal corporation idea advocated in H.R. September 3-5, 1969 at New Haven, Connecti helping the nationalist cause, he acquired 11750 is the proper vehicle. cut, endorses H.R. 4 in its entirety; and pictures of members of the Vietnamese un ; Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend Be it further resolved: That a copy of this derground studying in China, including those \ my remarks, I wish to insert into the Resolution be sent to the Congressional Dele• trained at the Whampoa Military Academy. RECORD the following three resolutions on gation from the State of Connecticut. Ho and his men would then contact these l the subject and I invite our colleagues Submitted by: Branch 19, National Asso· students. Those who became Communists to read them: ciation of Letter Carriers, Local 147, United were safe. Ho turned the pictures of the \ Federation of Postal Clerks. others over to the French along with infor RESOLUTION No. 3-POSTAL CORPORATION Referred to: Resolutions Committee. mation as to where and when each man was Whereas: Various bills have been intro Committee Action: Concurrence. going to return across the border into Indo duced in the Congret>s to create a Postal Convention Action: Adopted Unanimously. China. Service Corporation known as "The Postal One of Ho's most important betrayals was Service Act of 1969", this bill, H.R. 11750 that of Phan Boi Chau, considered one of the would eliminate the postal employees as RESOLUTION No. 11-LEGISLATION PROGRAM greatest heroes of the Vietnamese nationalist Civil Service employees; and Be it resolved: That the convention of movement. On the pretense of cooperation Whereas: The Postal Corporation idea con the Connecticut State Labor Council, AFL and through an old family friendship (Phan siders the postal service a business and not CIO, meeting in New Haven, September 3, 4 Boi Chau had once attempted to save the life a service to the American people; and and 5, 1969, fully endorse and support active of Ho's father) Ho lured Phan into a French Whereas: Despite testimony to the con ly the legislation program of the AFL-CIO police trap in the international settlement of trary before the full Post Office and Civil Postal Employees Unions, which program Shanghai. Ho's argument was that the be Service Committee, there are no improve includes: trayal netted funds for the Communist Party. ments in negotiations under this bill, nor is (a) H.R. 4803 which gives the right of In 1946, Ho made an agreement with the there machinery set up for the positive Postal Employees to bargain collectively; French. Under this agreement Ho would be handling of disputes between Labor and (b) The improvement of Retirement furnished arms and would be free from pros Management; and Benefits as provided in H.R. 9825; ecution. In return, Ho would cooperate with Whereas: In the all-important field of ne ( c) To equalize the cost of Health bene- the French in exposing and destroying the gotiating for wages, when .an impasse is fits as provided in H.R. 767; nationalist groups in Indo China. Ho kept his reached this bill does not provide for any (d) H.R. 13000 which will provide: part of the bargain. By October, 1946, the equitable solutions; and 1. An emergency pay raise; nationalist leadership was destroyed. As one Whereas: The Corporation bill, H.R.11750, 2. Reduction in years of service to reach example, of the approximately 70 nationalist Section 807, places the postal employees un the top pay step; non-Communist members of the coalition der the Taft-Hartley bill, and the Landrum 3. Establishment of a Federal Wage Com government legislature, only three were left Griffin bill, in all phases of these laws ex mission to negotiate pay raises; by October. The others had been killed, ar cept granting postal employees the right to 4. Establishment of a Wage Arbitration rested or kidnaped and never heard of again. withhold their services when an impasse on Board to Resolve Pay Negotiations disputes; In the war with the French, Ho joined wages, or any Agenda Item has been reached; 5. Insistence that Postal Employees be re with another coalition. But as victory neared, and stored to "First Class" citizenship and be he began to purge the nationalist non-Com Whereas: We would relinquish our rights given complete unrestricted political free munists. of petitioning Congress-a right we have en dom. We want to be "unhatched" from the In the 1954 Geneva agreements with the joyed and have been successful with for many Hatch Act of August 2, 1939. French military, new material now available years; and An be it further resolved: That copies of suggests that he agreed to let the South re Therefore, be it resolved: That in Con this Resolution be sent to all Connecticut main in the hands of the French on orders vention assembled in New Haven, Connecti Congressional Representatives and two U.S. from Moscow. If Ho would allow the French cut, September 3-5, 1969; the AFL-CIO of Senators and that publicity be given in press, a half victory, Moscow reportedly said the the State of Connecticut, go on record as op radio and T.V. and a copy of this Resolution French would agree to stay out of the Euro posing the bill, H.R. 11750, and any other be sent to the Postal Employees Interna pean Defense Community, thus effectively bills having for their purpose the forming tional Unions. killing that project of John Foster Dulles. of a Postal Corporation; and Submitted by: Branch 19, National Associ Ho obeyed Moscow. The French stayed out Be it further resolved: That a copy of this ation of Letter Carriers, Local 147, United of EDC by a narrow margin. Resolution be sent to the Congressional Dele Federation Of Postal Clerks. After the 1954 agreement, Ho took over in gation of the State of Connecticut. Convention Action: Adopted Unanimously. the North. He immediately began an 1nten- 25206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 sive purge. High in the purge list were mem economic footing in that the Minimum Wage This was his second tour of duty in Viet bers of the various nationalist parties. Law mandates a wage floor for American nam. He had been there since June. Ho's actions in the Tet offensive of 1968 industry which, in many instances, is ten Survivors include his widow, the former show that he has not changed. It will be times higher than that of foreign competi Barbara Jean Zena, his parents, Mr. and Mrs. recalled that in the temporary occupation tors. It is hardly fair competition to allow John A. Hill and a grandmother, Mrs. John of some areas in Hue, Ho's men executed these foreign products to pass through our S. Hill, of New Boston, Ohio. something over 3,000 victims earmarked in channels of interstate commerce when we The body will be at Russman & Son dossiers the Communist cadre carried into forbid the American goods produced with Funeral Home, 1041 Goss. the city with them. labor paid less than the Minimum Wage from Sgt. Hill's brother-in-law, Boatswain's Numbers of these were leaders and mem doing so. Mate Robert B. Zena, stationed on the U.S. bers of some of South Vietnam's major na I notice that several Senate sponsors of Coast Guard Cutter Sabego, has been given tionalist political parties, leading Buddhist the bill are from cotton areas. It is interest leave to escort the body from Philadelphia nationalists and others with a nationalist ing to note that cotton production 52 years to Louisville. tinge. ago was 1.5 million bales larger than today's This history makes it difficult to under crop, and while our population J:l.as more than stand how Ho could be considered either a doubled in the intervening years, our con nationalist or a Vietnamese patriot. From sumption has only-increased 1.4 million bales. A PATH, NOT AN END all the facts available to this reporter Ho Our exports have fallen to one-half of has, thru his entire adult life, given his first what they were 52 years ago. World consump allegiance to a foreign totalitarian system, tion is now 2 Y:i times what it was then, and with consistency sacrificed his own peo verifying the world's need for cotton. In HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE ple and his own country's interests when other words, world consumption increased OF TEXAS those conflicted with the interests of Inter 250 % with world population increasing 85%, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES national Communism. but U.S. consumption increased only 12% with twice the number of consumers. Thursday, September 11, 1969 Every plan proposed today, in the many bills before the Congress, is only stop-gap Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, a recent editorial in the July 16, 1969, CONCERN ABOUT INCREASING legislation introduced in a desperate attempt to slow down the flood of imports. While I Washington Post analyzes the launch of RATE OF IMPORTS have sponsored many such bills-quota bills the Apollo 11 flight on that historic date in particular-and have done so in the hope and discusses the past and future of our of getting some action in Congress, I believe national space program. Because of the · HON. JOHN H. DENT this type of legislation to be unsound. Pre significance of this editorial I commend OF PENNSYLVANIA vious quota laws have been ineffective and it to the reading of my colleagues: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they do not serve the purpose for which they are intended. I fear they are only blinders A PATH, NOT AN END Thursday, September 11, 1969 to keep the American people from seeing the The adventure that begins at Cape Ken real dangers from low-cost imports. nedy this morning is bold, complex and costly Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, 2 years ago Please accept my gratitude for supporting beyond comparison with anything under my colleagues in the House joined with what I feel is the only sensible approach to taken in the history of the world. It is a me in expressing great concern about the the ·problem. If there is anything you believe challenge to the fundamental laws of nature increasing rate of imports from coun I can do to help, please do not hesitate to itself, an expression of man's arrogance and tries whose wage rate is drastically lower contact me. I am prepared to do whatever pride that he, alone among the creatures of than our own minimum wage. This con I can including the scheduling of additional his world, is capable of devising machines cern was demonstrated by the passage hearings on the subject. that help him break out of the limitations With kindest personal regards, I am nature has placed upon him. It is another of my bill, by the lop-sided vote of 340 Sincerely yours, step in search of answers to those haunting to 29, which was designed to establish JOHN H. DENT, questions-what and why is the universe? a new approach to the study of the dam Member of Congress. And finally, it is a step in search of questions, age done to American industries and as well as answers--questions we are now labor by such impo·rts. Unfortunately, incapable even of asking. The implications the Senate did not consider this bill be SGT. JOHN M. HILL DIES IN of this flight, combined with those of the fore the 90th Congress was concluded. VIETNAM other space probes, are staggering. Old truths / are being demolished. Man's view of himself i I have again submitted the same bill and his place in the universe is being altered. H.R. 1044-for the consideration of the Religious faiths are being shaken. Perhaps 91st Congress. It was with pleasure that HON. M. G. (GENE) SNYDER OF KENTUCKY even man's view of his own planet will be I noted six Members of the Senate have changed. Buckminster Fuller summed it up shown a sincere interest in this matter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recently when he spoke of a television com by introducing the same measure. Thursday, September 11, 1969 mentator's remark when we saw, from Apollo I commend to my House colleagues the 8, the first pictures of the earth as it appears following letter that I have written to Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, from the moon. "There she is,'' the com August 22, a 23-year-old Louisville mentator said, "floating there." "Floating," Senators HANSEN, CURTIS, ERVIN·, FANNIN, Fuller asked, "in what?" THURMOND, and SMITH to express my ap marine sergeant was killed in action 11 miles south of Danang. Nevertheless, this great adventure is being preciation for this action: met with less than universal approbation. WASHINGTON, D.C. Sgt. John M. Hill thus becomes an Its cost--almost beyond comprehension in DEAR SENATOR: It is my understanding that other of the valiant men who has given terms of money, manpower, energy and inge you are a sponsor of a bill to amend the Fair his life in defense of his country and nuity-has been so great, and the Nation has , Labor Standards Act of 1938 to establish in protecting the free world. changed so much since President Kennedy procedures to relieve domestic industries and The sympathy of thousands of other mapped the course, that the voices of the workers injured by increased imports from families who have paid this sacrifice critics seem almost equal to those of the un low-wage areas. As you may know, I spon abashed admirers. In view of the mess that sored this measure in the House during the goes out to Mrs. Hill and the Hill fam man has made of the world that is already last Congress when it passed by the vote of ily. To them also goes the sincere grati his, the poverty, the pollution, the blight, 340 to 29. I have again introduced it this tude of those of us whom John died pro the basic inhumanity that surrounds us, the i year (H.R. 1044), but it is still pending in tecting. critics ask, was this manned voyage really committee. The Louisville Times article which re necessary? I think the ove·rwhelming House approval ports the loss of the Louisville marine Thus, it is a good time-as Astronauts of the bill certainly demonstrated an awak to the war in Vietnam follows: Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin embark upon / ening to the adverse .impact of foreign goods the vastness that is space-to reflect on why on the American market. The growing men LOUISVILLE MARINE DIES IN VIETNAM they are going and why the United States ace of foreign competition is being recognized A 23-year-old Louisville Marine sergeant has poured $26 billion, give or take a little, in most areas of enterprise. My intention in was killed Aug. 22 in Vietnam, the Defense into manned space flight. · advocating the bill was a.nd is the protection Department has announced. There are many partial answers to why we of the American free enterprise system from Sgt. John M. Hill, of 320 Merriman Road, have spent so much for what, to some, seems devastation from inexpensive imports; im was killed in action 11 miles south of Da so little. There was, first of all, a race and a ports of good quality, but manufactured with Nang. challenge to our national superiority. It is low cost labor and often subsidized by the He was a 1963 graduate of St. Xavier High easy now that the race seems won to forget foreign government. School, and was a member of St. Margaret the gloom that settled over the Nation when By associating this proposal with the Min Mary Catholic Church. He enlisted in the Sputnik first flashed across the sky. And it imum Wage Law, we place ourselves on sound Marine Corps five years ago. is easy, too, to forget the sagging inter- Septernber 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25207 national prestige of a Nation that had held This was the case recently when some streets and try to elude the MPs every day of itself out as the greatest scientific and tech began charging the President was not the week. But Johnny Williams knew that by nological power the world had ever known. living up to his promise to bring home lunchtime he might not be free. He might be President Kennedy's decision to drive for dead. a landing on the moon in the 1960s was, no 25,000 troops from Vietnam by Au "There was another guy in there," he said, doubt, heavily influenced by such consider gust 31, long before August 31 arrived. recalling the stockade at the huge Army post ations. Americans, from Presidents on down, The critisicm was obviously political occupying 1400 acres in the northwest corner do not take kindly to being No. 2. And, al and should have been beneath the dig of San Francisco, "another guy who was re though we do not know what would happen nity of those who stooped to it because pewtedly AWOL. Everyone knew he was a to the psychology of the American people if they were playing politics with war and heroin addict. As soon as they got him back we were to be only second-best, we do know with men fighting in a war. They were inside, they'd send him to the hospital and that history teaches that great nations, once shoot him up again. I remember having to nudged from their pedestal and incapable of trying to divide the Nation against the hold him up while we were standing on line regaining it, deteriorate rapidly. President on an issue where the Nation for chow-I'd grab him by the armpits and These, however, are only partial reasons ought to be united. support him, otherwise he would have col that explain why Armstrong, Collins and Fortunately they failed then. lapsed." Aldrin are going to the moon this year in And fortunately, they have no issue "I told this guy that I had to escape. I stead of next or the year after that or the today. didn't care if I got shot. I just had to do year after that. The fundamental reason why The President did bring home 25,000 something." Johnny Williams dld something they are going and why space must be ex American soldiers by August 31, reduc that morning. For more than two hours he plored lies in that restless, inquiring spirit in crept through the underbrush, wea.ring only that has gripped mankind from the begin ing forces Vietnam to 515,000 men. an undershirt and his Army fatigue trousers, ning, that desire to answer the unanswerable Actually, today we are several thou eluding the eyes of sentries until finally he questions, that eagerness to push from one sand below that figure, but because of crossed the last barbed-wire barrier and frontier to the next, that unquenchable spirit normal troop fluctuations we could reach found himself standing, dazed and ex which has led men to brave uncharted seas, it again. hausted, in one of San Francisco's public fly like birds, probe the recesses of the atom, But the important thing is that the parks adjoining the Presidio complex. challenge every dogma and every fact. ceiling on Americans in Vietnam is now There he befriended two of the city's ever It was that restlessness that led Copernicus 515,000 whereas once it was 549,500. present "hippie mailmen"-guys his own age and Galileo to risk persecution and death by who had somehow avoided being impressed daring to believe that the earth is not the The Nation should be grateful that into the war machine, who had latched onto center of the universe, that led Marco Polo it has a President who not only seeks fairly decent jobs in the pos·tal service and Columbus to set out against unknow peace but also lives up to his commit through the simple expedient of passing able dangers, that led Edison and Darwin and ments and stands by his word. exams with superb scores which preclude Einstein and Bohr and Curie and Fleming to (under civil service regulations) discrimina the discoveries that have so revolutionized tion based on hair length and off-duty social life, that led Plato and Locke and Marx to proclivities. challenge the systems under which men lived. PRESIDIO-"THEY TRY TO TAKE Johnny Willilams had already resolved that · Man's destiny is to pursue that which is AWAY YOUR MIND" once he got out of the Presidio, he would just beyond his reach, to seek an understand try to get out of the country. He had been ing of the miracles of nature, to try to break AWOL "at least nine times" since he was that barrier -which allows us to see, in St. shipped back from Vietnam in the fall of Paul's words, "through a glass, darkly." And HON. EDWARD I. KOCH 1967, and each time he'd been recaptured man's destiny is never to grasp but always to OF NEW YORK so that by now he'd been confined in stock reach; as Charles Lindbergh wrote last week IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ·ades at Fort Lewis, Washington, at Oakland in Life, "scientific accomplishment (is) a Army Base, and at the Presidio. "The Presidio path, not an end; a path leading to and dis Thursday, September 11, 1969 is the worst by far," he told me later in the appearing in mystery." Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I am insert afternoon of his escape. "They try to take It is in that sense that the space program, ing for printing in the CONGRESSIONAL away your mind. When you're not working, this moon trip and their cost must be judged. you march. When you're not in some kind The question is not whether a landing on RECORD an article which appeared re of formation, you can't talk to the other pris the moon has been worth $26 billion. The cently in the Village Voice, one of the oners. It's next to impossible to get together. I question may be whether the creation of the great journals of opinion published in But if something doesn't happen real quick ~ capability of man to break free from the this country. Entitled, "Presidio-'They to make that place fit for human beings, l confines of his planet and take the first Try To .Take Away Your Mind'" and there's going to be another mutiny." I tentative steps toward exploring the universe I written by Joe Pilati, a brilliant and per "Another mutiny" could have even wider has been worth $26 billion. But more likely ceptive writer, it should be of interest to repercussions than the sit-down demonstra there has been no question at all, given tion organized by Presidio prisoners last Oc man's fundamental spirit to accomplish those concerned about conditions in our l Nation's military stockades and in par tober after a guard had fatally shot in the whatever he can and to go where ever he can back a mentally disturbed 18-year-old pri in his search for ultimate answers. Harold ticular the difficulties endured by the vate, Richard Bunch, thereby triggering \ C. Urey caught that spirit when he said, in Presidio prisoners. mutiny charges against 27 prisoners. More l a recent interview with Forbes, "It is no more I Mr. Pilati's piece follows: than half of the prisoners received sentences possible for man not to go to the moon than PRESIDIO-"THEY TRY To TAKE AWAY ranging up to 16 years; in June, 14 of them for Picasso not to paint." YOUR MIND" had their sentences reduced to between six Viktor Frankl, one of the world's great (By Joe Pilati) and 12 months, in the wake of a publicity psychiatrists, put it another way: "Man goes defense campaign which enlisted support beyond necessities to the very limits of pos SAN FRANCISCO.-For Johnny Williams, 20- from Senators Alan Cranston (democrat, sibilities because he wonders where those yeair-old Vietnam veteran from Reno, Nevada, California), Charles Goodell (Republican, limits lie. And behold, they don't lie any the morning o:f August 8 was just like every New York), and other legislators. Three of where because, like the horizon, they ex other morning he'd greeted during the pre the "Presidio 27" have reportedly escaped to ~ pand with every step he takes towarc:t them." ceding 10 weeks in the Presidio stockade. { "The guards aren't supposed to wake you up Canada. until 4.30, but between 3.30 and 4 they start After the slaying of Bunch, prisoners at \ banging on the doors until it's i1mpossible to the Presidio--including the 27--drew up a sleep any more." list of demands in hopes that some of the \ PRESIDENT NIXON KEEPS HIS conditions which led to the shooting might I It wouldn't be dawn for an hour or so, an \ PROMISE other dawn with its inevitable 30 minutes of be investigated by influential military and \ strenuous physical exercise before breakfast. civilian agencies. These demands centered \ Johnny Williams stretched out in his bunk, around living conditions (more toilets, wash HON. BOB WILSON tried to ignore the pounding on the walls and basins and showers, and sufficient food to OF CALIFORNIA the shouts of "Get up, you bastards!" out feed all prisoners a complete meal three IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES side his cell. He was thinking about getting times a day); complete psychological evalua out of the Presidio, silently mulling over the tions of all prisoners and guards, rotation of Thursday, September 11, 1969 plans he'd been making for the last two guards who are now working 12-hour shifts; months. Standing on line for breakfast at 5 and elimination of shotgun details. In a Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, it a.m., he knew that within a few hours he rambling, hour-long conversation with is easy to criticize a President when he might be free-a fugitive once more, but Johnny Williams on the day of his escape, fails-for any reason-to live up to a free at least to seek help in San Francisco, it became clear that few if any of these promise. And some even find it easy to where according to the scuttlebutt (reluc grievances had been rectified or even seri criticize a President before he has a tantly confirmed by military spokesmen) ously considered by authorities at the chance to live up to his word. · some 5000 to 10,000 AWOL soldiers roam the Presidio. 25208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 "There's a room behind a black door at seen dozens of young men in green fatigues So in this particular case, there were the Presidio MP office," he said. "It's a little standing by a loading dock at the Oakland room, about four by eight feet, where they Army Base, across the bay. All of them had only two sightings within a 24-hour pe keep as many as 15 guys for days on end, either returned from Nam or were about to riod before the storm was scheduled to while they're being processed. They keep the be sent there; next to the loading dock was a hit New England. The course was lights on all night, so you can't sleep. There's spruced-up mess hall designated in stark plotted-and later turned out to be 7° no heat, and it gets pretty cold at night. black stencil lettering, "Returnees' Steak off. But that 7° was enough to make the "You have to beg the guards for a blanket, House-Open 24 Hours." difference between devastating New Eng and lots of times you won't get one. They Oakland is one of the major debarkation land and leaving the area largely un don't have enough jackets to go around, so points for the Southeast Asian front. When they'll send you out to work in fatigues when a unit is shipped there, civilian clothes and touched. the temperature ls 40 or so. There were guys regular uniforms are taken away and only All the experts whom I have consulted who caught a cold at least once a week be fatigues may be worn during the three or agree that we have the technological cause of this. If you refuse to work, they'll four-day period before most arrivals are know-how to solve this problem. To a write you up and put you in the box (the shuttled to Travis Air Force Base, the last man, t:i::ey say that a weather ship, lo maximum security cell block, in which cells stop before Vietnam. I spoke to several men cated off the mid-Atlantic coast, would have no tOilet facilities and no furnishings there who were carrying orders for Vietnam. be able to track any such storm and give on the concrete floors except for a cot). Or All were 18 or 19, most were lower-mlddle they'll put you on rabbit chow for 10 days class or working-class kids who had no pros accurate data as to its velocity and di at a time (a diet consisting of bread, water, pect of attending college, and all were highly rection. Dr. Robert White, Director of the and lettuce three times a day)." skeptical of the "de-escalation." "All the Environmental Science Services Admin Johnny Williams had been confined, along guys being sent home are on short time istration, agrees with this; Director of with virtually all of the other Presidio in they would have been coming home in a the U.S. Weather Bureau George Cress mates, in Building 1213-a white stucco edi matter of weeks, anyway," said one soldier bound for Vietnam. "They're shipping more man agrees with this. But both point out fice built in 1912 to accommodate 43 persons, that one thing is lacking-funds. but which has a "normal" capacity of 88 guys out of here now than they were in today, according to Army spokesmen there. June," another GI added. For a number of years before 1954, The building's population on the day of the Meanwhile, back at the Presidio, maybe there was a weather ship on location, "mutiny," last October 14, was 123 prisoners. the brass actually want "another mutiny." but it was removed for reasons of econ According to Williams, at the time of his Maybe they'll get it. Johnny left a lot of omy. Since then the radar has been im escape there were at least 100 prisoners friends behind. proved, surveillance by aircraft has im..:. and that would be rock-bottom. Probably proved, and satellites have added an im it was more like 130 or so. During the week immediately preceding his escape, he said, HURRICANE GERDA portant new dimension to hurricane 10 or 15 guys had started a hunger strike watching. But the lesson of Gerda shows and hadn't eaten for four days. Grinning, clea:rly that these are not enough. he claimed that "some of them looked much HON. HASTINGS KEITH Mr. Speaker, it is estimated that the better for not eating the slop." OF MASSACHUSE'ITS cost of such a ship would be $1.2 million, Williams was drafted in December, 1966, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with perhaps half a million more each and completed basic training and AIT (ad vanced infantry training) at Fort Lewis. He Thursday, September 11, 1969 year to operate it. This is a small amount was then shipped to the Da Nang region in Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, this past by any government standard, but espe Vietnam, where he saw combat with the week Hurricane Gerda did not hit New cially so when we consider the savings in First Infantry Division and received what England. While we are all thankful for property and life that could be made if he called "a superficial bullet wound in my this, the circumstances surrounding this regular, accurate data were available leg" shortly before the end of his first six for predicting the course of hurricanes month hitch. On his first 30-day leave, he fortunate turn of events. raises serious returned to Fort Lewis and "split" (went questions about our national hurricane and winter blizzards. AWOL) for the first of many times. "After tracking system. My colleague in the Senate, ED that, it was just court-martial after court For the fact that Gerda did not strike BROOKE, has introduced an amendment martlal and stockade after stockade." At the shore surprised everyone. All the experts in the Senate Appropriations Commit time of his escape, he said, "I was up for had predicted that this storm would hit tee to allow funding for this needed ship. I another court-martial because a sergeant the coast. Hundreds had been evacuated; I intend to support his efforts there in I asked for my name and I told him, but I any way that I can, and urge others to do ( didn't say my rank." At one time he had businesses and schools had shut down; '1 been "up for Spec-4 (Specialist Fourth civil defense units had been mobilized in likewise. i 91ass) "; most recently, he had been busted all coastal areas. I from E-3 (PFC) to the lowliest rank of all, Perhaps most directly in danger were E-1. scores of :fishermen, out in the ocean with EVERET!' DIRKSEN ) Each time Williams went AWOL, he found no idea of whether they were in dire himself with practically nowhere to turn. His danger or none at all. As Boston father, a career Army man, offered no HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON i / weatherman Don Kent told me: I sympathy. He had a girl friend in Nevada, but OF ILLINOIS she had no money. Bay Area draft counselors Millions of dollars were lost to the New specializing in military work, whom he con England economy. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tacted after his escape, lost touch with him All because they misplaced a hurricane. Thursday, September 11, 1969 after he left San Francisco. He may have Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. found his way, by now, to some relatively In this day and age, when we can put safe and hospitable environment. I hope so. men on the moon and bring them back, Speaker, at its meeting yesterday the "Are there stlll beatings going on?" Wil it is incredible to me that we cannot fol House Republican Conference paid deep liams repeated my question, then answered low a potentially disastrous hurricane and sincere tribute to one of the great it: "Sure, but you don't see them. You hear up the east coast with enough accuracy legislative leaders of our time, the late guys screaming and guards cursing them out to tell whether or not it is going to hit distinguished Senate minority leader, the after they've peed on the floor, when the land. Honorable EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, J guards won't let them out to relieve them I have investigated this situation, and of Illinois. With the concurrence of other / selves. I remember one guard in particular, a have discovered that there is a clear and Members of this House, I now insert in big beefy guy who'd make guys drink out of the RECORD the brief but heartfelt trib the toilet if they were thirsty." Williams simple reason for this fatal lack of intel eyes were bloodshot from lack of sleep and ligence. As I understand it, the coastal ute which was offered at that time: / he'd keep rubbing them as he shifted about radar used to track hurricanes cannot TRIBUTE TO HON. EVERETT McKINLEY nervously, his voice a dull monotone, his tell the precise location and direction of DIRKSEN fingers gripping the arm of the chair where storms more than 150 miles offshore. In Whereas the members of the House Re he sat. "Some of these things that go on .•• certain instances aircraft can be used to publican Conference have been deeply sad / you just can't believe them." dened by the death of the distinguished ) get to the center of the storm and follow I I shook hands with Johnny Williams after it down the coast. But in the case of Minority Leader of the United States Senate, we'd finished talking, knowing full well that the Honorable Everett McKinley Dirksen of I'd probably never see him again, and that if Hurricane Gerda, as in many others, the Illinois; and he successfully avoided his pursuers, no one winds were of such force that no aircraft Whereas the late Senator has served his in San Francisco-or possibly in his and my could take the buffeting long enough to state, his party and his nation with distinc native land-would ever see him again. It was aocurate1Y relay to land the position and tion and dedication unparalleled in the re still Friday afternoon. The day before, I'd direction of the storm. cent history of the United States Congress, September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25209 .first as a member of the House of Repre for the relief of the hurricane victims character who represent, to me, the van sen tati ves, than as a United States Senator, in Mississippi. . guard of hope for the revindication of and most recently as Senate Minority Leader; Although damaged by the hurricane, America's true sense of history and and virtue. Whereas the services he has rendered to the VA hospital in Biloxi continued in party and nation will be remembered with operation and the personnel there joined In its inchoate and formative years, that special mark of honor which is reserved the VA medical teams from Jackson and YAF led the struggle on our campuses for the ables• and greatest of this nation's New Orleans in establishing :first aid against the pervasive secularism in ed lawmakers and political leaders: stations in the Biloxi area and helping ucation. It provided a reasoned, respon Therefore be it resolved that the House to immunize victims of the hurricane to sible, and energetic voice from the cam Republican Conference now pays special prevent an epidemic. pus against totalitarian communism and tribute to the memory of a distinguished law Further north, in Richmond, Va., the arrogant collectivism. This it continues maker, a peerless party leader, a statesman to do. and Senator whom history will honor even VA hospital there set up a health center as we honor him here today-the Honorable for victims of the ft.ood damage Camille Extending its activities in recent years, Everett McKinley Dirksen of Illinois; dealt to that part of the country. however, YAF has made of itself a po And be it further resolved that the House The Veterans' Administration has al tent force in the activist struggle against Republican Conference express to the late ways prided itself on being part of every the so-called New Left in America's col Senator's wife Louella and to all the mem community in which it has an installa leges and universities. Call1ng for action . bers of his family, our most sincere sympathy tion. This communty pride was evident against, and in many cases physically in the great loss that has been theirs. during this disaster. Those in communi obstructing, the fascist tactics of SDS ties to which the Gulfport :t.>atients were and similar groups, YAF has thrust it evacuated welcomed them with open self into the forefront of the ageless arms. combat against totalitarianism and VA EMPLOYEES ARE TO BE agnosticism. COMMENDED If the care and safety of hospitalized veterans in Gulfport are the most dra Representatives of Y AF have testified matic events in the great tragedy that is before Congress on numerous occasions HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN Hurricane Camille, they are not the last. as to the actual situation on the campus and in the community. This learned, OF SOUTH CAROLINA For the VA has made available to ft.ood capable, and perspicacious group of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES victims and to relief agencies assisting these victims VA-owned homes. The young men and women have borne scorn Thursday, September 11, 1969 charge is $1 a month. and have endured endless malignment Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, recently I Mr. Speaker, I am sure that in Mis and criticism in the cause of defending accompanied several of my colleagues sissippi and elsewhere, the Veterans' Ad freedom and America. In doing so, how from the Public Works Committee to ministration is a great source of strength ever, they have gained the respect of Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and and assistance in times of national dis millions of Americans as represented by Virginia to view :firsthand the damage aster. Its :first mission remains, how the fact that they have on their advi caused by Hurricane Camille. It was by ever, the care of our vetera.ns. Adminis sory board over 60 Congressmen and far the worst I have even s ... en. trator of Veterans' Affairs Donald E. Senators of the United States. Many more people would have died Johnson has assured me that the Gulf These young people represent the had not so many Federal, State, and port patients were receiving and would cream of this Nation's youthful product. local officials acted w wisely and prompt They have a sense of responsibility lack continue to receive the best of care, and ing in the militant leftist groups and ly. I would like to recognize Dr. LeRoy B. that the needs of Mississippi veterans Lamm, director of the combined Gulfport they have the commitment to a various requiring hospital care would be met on cause which the unthinking and timed and Biloxi VA hospitals, his :fine staff, a continuing basis. and the patients for the way in which middle group lacks. Unlike many youth We in the Congress have come to ex ful political groups, YAF is not a resolu they handled themselves during this pect that the Veterans' Administration crisis. Under the very able leadership of tion-passing neuter. It is virile and dy shall reflect concern and compassion for namic. It does not adhere strictly to one Dr. Lamm, 729 patients were evacuated our Nation's needy veterans. But the by air from the Gulfport hospital with party line but stands for its principles :firm and prompt demonstration of such whichever side of the partisan line they out the loss of a single life. They were concern and compassion in time of ft.own by military aircraft to eight VA happen to be on. ( crisis merits special recognition and ap Y AF does not stand for the status quo. hospitals in six Southern States, includ preciation, which I am happy to express. l ing the hospital in Charleston, S.C. The They do not let somebody else :fight I credit for the success of this critical, their battles for them. For instance, cit emergency move must be widely shared. ing the failure of campus authorities The patients demonstrated great cour YOUNG AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM and community leaders to take effective age and never complained. HOLD CONVENTION action against the storm trooper tactics The VA staff at the Gulfport hospital of the New Left, Y AF developed in St. is deserving of the special th~.nks, not Louis last month a comprehensive legal only for putting the safety of the pa HON. M. ~ (GENE) SNYDER blueprint for frustrating the militants tients :first, but for doing their duty even OF KENTUCKY through hard-hitting tests in cow-t. after many of them had lost their own IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES They have, in the past, mobilized campus homes and all of their possessions. This, majorities to oppose the left wherever I submit, is true dedication. Thursday, September 11, 1969 it appears.· Without the cooperation and extra ef Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, on August This it has accomplished, and far fort of the staffs at the eight hospitals 28 to 30, there occurred something more. It is involved actively in political to which these patients were evacuated, which-although not as well covered as campaigns and community projects. I\ . this mission of me::.:!-y could not have an SDS uprising or black militant tan This has been effected under the bril been completed so successfully. Credit, trum-was nevertheless of more than liant leadership of Mr. Alan Mackay, too, must go to our Armed Forces for fleeting significance. Mr. Speaker, I re national chairman, and Mr. David furnishing the planes and crews required f er to the national convention of Young Jones, executive director. The new lead to move these patients. Americans for Freedom, held in St. ership of YAF is just as promising. Mr. Speaker, I commend the prompt Louis, Mo. Backed- by a newly elected and recon action of the Jackson, Miss., VA center, Since its formation in 1960, YAF has stituted national board of directors, and the New Orleans VA Hospital in played an increasingly important role in Chairman David Keene, Univedity of dispatching medical teams to the strick the battle for recognition of traditional Wisconsin, and Randal Cornell Teague, en area, and the voluntary efforts begun American values of patriotism, free executive director, have assembled a at many VA stations throughout the market economic principles, love of our young, vibrant and full-time staff dedi country to aid their fell ow employees in Republic, and faith in God. This organi cated to continuation of the fine tradi Mississippi. Jackson VA center employ zation has produced and is producing tion of previous years. This national ees also donated cash, food, and clothing men and women of high caliber and staff is supported by a vast 48,000-mem- 25210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 ber constituency and numerous volun There was in the great ballroom the per ernment, those who want victory in Viet teer State officers. fect silence of expectancy, for most of them Nam... .'' In light of its tremendous efforts 1n had savored the Dirksenia.n thunder before. "There are only three issues this year: the past and because of its promising Then the words began to come, resonant, peace, freedom, the preservation of our free rolling, soft and almost inaudible at first. He enterprise system ..." potential for the future struggle for free told a gnarled old story about a grateful cow, These are fragments. He said a good bit dom, God and country, I believe this one of his oft-repeated favorites. Half the more in those fieeting eighty-two minutes. body owes a debt of sincere gratitude to crowd had heard him tell it before, yet they Then they stood up and cheered this man, this courageous organization. We should wandered almost gleefully alongside him to who likely in 1968 would be the Republican each be thankful for the young people the punch-line, and then roared with laugh nominee for President by acclamation if he who comprise Young Americans for ter, feeling he had permitted them to share were ten or a dozen years younger. Freedom. with him an intimate moment. There is much of the Shakespearean "ham" What he said was not new. Some would in Everett Dirksen, and he is quick to admit brand it corny or trite, the same old cliches it. But here, too, is a legend who still lives WILLIAM H. RENTSCHLER'S TRIB about God and motherhood and freedom and and works his legislative sorcery, the only UTE TO THE LATE SENATOR all that. The empty sophisticates might dis one of his kind and stature and character DIRKSEN miss him as out of touch with these frenetic in the Senate. times. Some chide him for his fiexibility, his am But you know somehow this man is not biguity, his easy camaraderie with the White HON. ROBERT McCLORY shallow or calculating or emotionless. You House. He baffi.es friend and foe alike, for can see an incandescent glow in those tired there is in him none of the unbending OF ILLINOIS eyes when he talks of freedom. rigidity of the man who opposes only for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A medical curiosity with an impressive sake of opposing. This rankles some fellow catalogue of ailments, he suffers not from Thursday, September 11, 1969 Republicans and confounds his opponents. the limiting myopia which affi.icts and re He chooses his fight;s, selects his battle sites Mr. MCCLORY. Mr. Speaker, my long stricts so many of his colleagues and con with the care of a shrewd general. He has time friend and constituent William H. temporaries. His mind scans the ages with learned in four eventful decades of public Rentschler is a mighty man with the a certain graceful sweep. It searches the all live to fight another day. So he rarely archives and draws easily on the great books service the.t the effective warrior must above pen. and fine minds of human history. Several years ago Bill Rentschler com courts the bloody nose, seldom picks the There is an element of grandeur, a cer fight he is bound to lose. But on all the big posed a tribute to Senator Everett Mc tain homely wisdom about this righteous, issues where peace or freedom are involved Kinley Dirksen of Illinois, our mutual earthy plainsman. His is a dying breed, tow civil rights, reapportionment, Viet Nam, Sec friend. I am calling this article to the ering like the shaggy mammoths above the tion 14-B, the nuclear test ban treaty-he attention of the Members of the Con gray flannel prodigies who are guided by is there at center stage, playing a lead role, gress and to all Americans throughout polls, surrounded by faceless aides, preoc making his stand. the land, as it seems most fitting to pon cupied with the cosmetics of image. They called him the Wizard of Ooze, and der the penetrating and illuminating "No, you can't eat freedom," Dirksen once they said it in derision, but now they purred, "or buy anything with it. You can't recall it with affection and awe born of words used by Bill Rentschler in describ hock it downtown for the things you need. respect. ing our colleague. When a baby curls a chubby arm around For Everett McKinley Dirksen will be TRIBUTE TO AN EARTHY PLAINSMAN your neck, you can't eat that feeling either, around awhile, stalking the marble corridors (By William H. Rentschler) or buy anything with it. But what in this life with the ghosts of Clay and Webster, Taft means more to you than that feeling, or your This essay, which dates back some three and Borah, long after most of his colleagues freedom?" and we-are gone and forgotten. years, expressed then my affection and deep He had much else to say that night in Chi admiration for Everett McKinley Dirksen. cago. Here are a few random wisps of his It now becomes a tribute to the memory of a "conversation" with 1,800 dinner com towering figure in the annals of America. panions: TOWARD GREATER EXCHANGE A tall man, now bent with the weight of "We must glue our eyes on the cause of RATE FLEXIBILITY years, walks with measured gait along the freedom. It's the one thing that counts. The fiat, fruited plains of Illinois toward the yel quiet, insidious erosion of freedom is taking lowed pages of history. place constantly . . . They're trying to re HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD You know somehow where he is going. make us from stem to stern, trying to sub And you know he senses and relishes his vert our principles . . . It is time for those OF PENNSYLVANIA fated role as mover and philosopher, as one citizens who believe in the durable values IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES around whom legends will grow, as one whose to stand up and be counted ..... memory will linger. Thursday, September 11, 1969 This man is Everett McKinley Dirksen, "There would have been no civil rights blll steadfast helmsman for that little crew o1 without us Republicans. That bill was writ Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the Republicans in the United States Senate. ten in my office ... The Negro should international monetary system has be They honored him in Chicago one late come back to the Party of Lincoln." come crisis prone in recent years, there April evening in 1966, when the biting wind "Americans today are a prosperous but un by undermining confidence in present belied the promise of spring, at one of those happy people ... there is frightful turbulence exchange rate methods. big, glossy, often deadly dull $100-a-plate and discontent and bewilderment . . . Not If nations are to reach a true state dinners. the least confused are those in Washington of fiscal equilibrium, it is imperative that Without a note or scrap of paper before as they caterwaul and wander aimlessly some adjustments be made in the mone him, he "preached" for one solid hour and about.... " twenty-two minutes more, surely long "That burglar they call inflation is eat tary policies and mechanisms which enough to bore stiff most anyone except per ing into every paycheck.... When it gets govern the :flow of trade and capital. haps his forgiving family. out of control, then controls go on, and you The Christian Science Monitor of Sep Yet from the moment Everett Dirksen set don't have freedom ...." tember 6 addresses itself to this problem, free from deep in his innards that first "Some of these kids think it's smart and citing steps that have already been velvety syllable, those sated, amuent diners- fashionable to burn draft cards. But they taken, and a third one--the crawling 1,800 in all-leaned toward him and strained only do it when the TV cameras are there. peg-which permits small, frequent to hear every word as if life itself depended I think it's smart-a.leek nonsense ..." on his next one. "George Meany asked for my support on changes in parity, which is expected to Before Dirksen rose, the bony young min the repeal of 14-B. 'You fairly wrench my receive consideration later this month ister from the little frame church in Pekin heartstrings,' I told him, 'but you'll never at the meeting of the International spoke reverently of the Senator as "one who get my vote.' " Monetary Fund. stands among us, but towers above us." "The reapportionment fight is just begin The article is included herewith in That set the stage. Then Everett Dirksen ning. If you know you're right, you're not the RECORD for the attention of my col shuffi.ed to the lectern, blinking in seeming discouraged by one lost battle. We'll fight leagues: surprise at the glare of TV lights he contends it out to let the people decide ..." DRIFT, NOT WRENCH with almost daily. "We have a monster government ... un Wa.shiILgton has about decided to back a. The celebrated silvery locks were tangled manageable ... the individual gets lost." third step to steady the world monetary and awry. -A huge carnation made a white "Many people don't care, but I will never system. The two earlier steps were to create splotch on his black suit. The massive head, let the freedom of these neutrals be im a two-tier gold price system in March 1968, the sagging face were thrust forward, and paired." and the decision this summer to create tired, watery eyes peered over horn-rimmed "We Republicans must invite all sorts of "paper gold." The two-tier gold system has spectacles into the sea of admirers. He looked people to come over and help us: the rank worked better than was hoped; the free for all the world like the fabled cowardly lion and-file of labor, housewives, Negroes, young market eold priee fluctuates now much as it from cinema's Land of Oz. men, those who believe in constitutional gov- wllls without threatening needed currency- ~) I ) ( f September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25211 supporting reserves. And most experts expect postal managers declared thousands of attorney in Chicago who is a millionaire; an the paper gold to provide the extra monetary items presented by local postal unions for heiress in the New England area who is mar resources demanded by the world's fast ex negotiation as being nonnegotiable. The ried to an individual prominent in the aca panding trade. demic community who has· been· active in Now the third step: United· States repre strike was averted only when the then New Le-ft a.ctivities; and a wealthy New York sentatives at the International Monetary Postmaster General Marvin Watson lecturer and writer who for years has been Fund meeting later this month are expected stated that during his remaining months linked to more than as.core of Cornmunist to propose the IMF weigh a "crawling peg" in ofiice all issues would be negotiated by front organizations and has contributed lib system of regular, small changes in the ex postal management. erally to many of them. These individuals change rates of national currencies against On June 12 of this year I introduced alone have contributed more than $100,000 in the dollar. The dollar's value would hold a bill which I believe will· help substan support of New Left activities. steady at its present $35 an ounce. The New Left has also received money from Already, of course, there is a narrow band tially to solve many of our problems in several foundations. A very prominent foun of 1 percent within which a nation's cur the postal service. It provides for a postal dation in New York, for example, has con rency exchange rate can fluctuate from day labor-management relations panel which tributed more than a quarter of a million to day. But whe:i. trade imbalances or infla will provide fair procedures during nego dollars from 1961 to 1968 to various individ tion gets a nation's currency out of whack tiating sessions and rule on disputed uals and groups, most of which have been with its official exchange rate, that narrow issues as to negotiability, as well as on identified as either present or past members band isn't near enough leeway to allow the disputed terms of contracts. or sympathizers of the Communist Party currency to find its real value. The result U.S.A. or New Left movement. is a demand for either a devaluation like Binding arbitration of grievances is Demonstrations are frequently financed by France's a month ago, or an upvaluation provided, as well as standards of con fundraising and collections. For example more such as is expected in West Germany aft.er duct for labor organizations and a code than $25,000 was collected from participants its September 28 election. of fair labor practices. and spectators by the organizing committee Such revaluations are always awkward for By providing for action by disinter during the march on the Pentagon in 1967. the party in power. In Germany, for example, ested third parties in disputes between The organizing committee raised $10,000 from no one wants to be tagged with a currency postal management and postal labor the sale of buttons during an anti-Vietnam . decision which will penalize that nation's war demonstration early in 1967 in New York healthy export position. Thus, nations whose unions, my bill would result in the set City. currencies are out of line usually wait until tlement of disputes by persons respected Funds for antidraft activity by the New disaster threatens. · by both sides. In cities where such arbi Left also have been supplied by organizations One solution offered was to widen the price tration and labor relations boards have such as that known as Resist, located in fluctuation band. But this has evidently lost been provided, public employee labor re Cambridge, Mass. This group was formed in out to the crawling peg idea. The latter lations have stabilized. 1967 by approximately 300 professors, writers, system's advantages are that it permits a We need peace and order in this coun ministers, and others who signed a statement steady drift--not a wrench-upward or pledging to raise funds to aid youths who downward in a currency's exchange rate, and try, and we cannot neglect our responsi resist the draft and denounce the Vietnam that it removes monetary adjustments from bilities to our public employees, particu war. the vagaries of national politics. larly those whose jobs are as essential Communist Party-U.S.A. leaders have re The crawling peg proposal, to be sure, to the :flow of information in this coun cently urged party members to give time and \ would benefit all nations engaged in inter try. I believe that my bill, H.R. 12110, money to "New Left demonstrations and national trade. It may help disembarrass will set an example in the postal service causes." European nations which must bring their that will be beneficial to agencies Much of the nationwide travel engaged in currencies into line with the dollar. It would by prominent New Left leaders is paid for also further strengthen the dollar's position throughout the Federal Government, as by honorariums paid to them, generally out as the dominant medium. in world trade. well as local government. . o! student funds, for their guest speaker appearances on college campuses. THE H.R. 12110, POSTAL EMPLOYEE THE LOUIS M. RABINOWITZ As Mr. Hoover indicates, various LABOR-MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1969 FOUNDATION sources are responsible for the financial fuel that keeps the New Left disrupting: through the efforts of the individual or HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK ganizations, from wealthy people here in OF OHIO OF ILLINOIS the United States, from foundations, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to a lesser extent through honorariums Thursday, September 11, 1969 paid to New Left speakers who appear Thursday, September 11, 1969 on college campuses. Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, one of the Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, with A short time after Mr. Hoover's state most vital questions facing the American the increased activity in recent years of ment quoted above, Combat, the new and people today is the matter of strikes, leftist organizationn and movements, the responsible newsletter on subversive ac slowdowns, and work stoppages on the question logically arises as to who foots tivities, published additional informa.tion part of public employees. the bill for the various undertakings. on the :financing of leftist endeavors of The breakdown of public employee When one considers some of the types both the new and old stripe. The report, morale under the pressure of inflation associated with the New Left, for in entitled "Left Bank-The Louis M. Ra has caused concern and outright havoc stance, gainful employment seems to be binowitz Foundation," appeared in the in many of our cities across the country. low on the list of priorities of some of June 15, 1969, issue and was compiled by those above school age. Concerning the I There is little evidence that this trend is Lawrence V. Cott and Ruth I. Matthews. f diminishing in its intensity. New Left in particular, Director J. Edgar Its coritents are indeed interesting. ! Although the general morale and dedi Hoover of the FBI commented on their For instance, those churchmen who \. cation of postal employees have remained various sources of funds when he testified have had demands made upon them for high and contributed substantially to the before a House appropriations subcom "reparations" by James Forman, author mittee earlier this year: \I effectiveness of our American postal serv of the Black Manifesto, should be inter ice, the time is fast approaching when New Left funds are generally obtained from ested in knowing that Forman has re \ we will have to implement a legislative contributions, dues, sales of literature, bene ceived nearly $37 ,000 from the Rabino ( program dealing with labor relations in fits, advertisements, and its publications and fund drives. The main sources of revenue are witz Foundation over several years. For \ .. the postal service. man must have showed early promise to \ contributions, and it is estimated that nearly Many local government employees 60 percent of Students for a Democratic so receive this unusually large sum in doing less important work than our ciety (SOS) funds, for example, come from comparison to other recipients, an ap postal employees get substantially larger this source. praisal which proved to be correct if the salaries. Postal employees see the gains Although the majority of gifts are in the havoc he has created among various made by city workers and many of them $10 to $50 range, wealthy benefactors who church denominations is any criterion. have reached the conclusion that work have acquired their fortunes in the United Radical authors, professors, editors, stoppages are the only answer to postal States have contributed substantial amounts in support of the New Left movement and and others of the leftist persuasion rode pay problems. in support of the activities of the SOS in the Rabinowitz gravY train for lesser Last year a national postal strike was particular. Included among these, for ex amounts. threatened because management refused ample, are a Cleveland indust1ialist who has It is not to be implied from the fore to bargain with local postal unions. Local long been a Soviet apologist; the wife of an going that all recipients of Rabinowitz 25212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 grants are in the left camp. However, Frank Cieciorka, John Gerassi, Eugene Geno enue Service statute on tax-exempt founda in the recent past the records show that, vese, Waldo Frank, William Mandel, James tions, specifying its interests to include "re in the words of the Combat report, "there Petras, John Howard Lawson, Todd Gitlin, search into Jewish law and history, contem seems to be a 'research project' waiting Herbert Marcuse, Howard Zinn. porary Jewish affairs and scholarships, civil Combat's investigation of the Louis M. liberties, education specifically in areas of fo!' any leftist who knocks at its door." Rabinowitz Foundation reveals: social work, etc." The "etc." is obviously most Combat has certainly provided a serv The Foundation formerly granted large important. But nowadays one man's "civil ice in bringing to public view this com funds to Jewish foundations but this has liberties drive" is another man's "outside pilation of leftist recipients of Rabino declined from 44% in 1960 to only 3% in 1967. agitation," one man's "education" is another witz Foundation grants, and for this rea Several years ago Senator J. William Ful man's "propaganda"-thus the mischief is son I insert the report, "Left Bank-The bright, Arab-oriented, investigated the done. Louis M. Rabinowitz Foundation," in the sources of certain funds coming into the U.S. In 1960 the Foundation disbursed about from the Jewish Agency for Israel and found $107,000, almost all to well-recognized and RECORD at this point: out that some were going through the Rabin long-establisheu charities, but there was a LEFT BANK-THE LOUIS M. RABINOWITZ owitz Foundation to pro-Israel groups in the small amount for the Civil Liberties Docket FOUNDATION U.S. and to the American Jewish Congress to (of Berkeley), $1,500 to Studies on the Left, (By Lawrence V. Cott and Ruth I. Matthews) aid its investigation of anti-Semitism in the $2,500 to Joseph Papps New York Shakespeare Where does the Left get its money? Soviet Union. Victor Rabinowitz, challenged Festival, and $2,000 to the left-win~ Paci:'.lca Speculation, not without merit, usually cen by Fulbright, was shocked, promised his Foundation. Stanford and the University of ters in two sources, Communist govern foundation would stop being a conduit. What Wisconsin were down for tidy amounts. Jew ments abroad or rich Red angels in this transpired was this: Fulbright had stopped ish philanthropies received $47,000, or about country. There are documented cases, some an activity offensive to the Arabs, and Rabin 44%. In 1962 nearly $200,000 was distributed, not yet on the public record, of funds ft.ow owitz stopped one offensive to the Soviet again mostly to legitimate organizations. ing in from the Soviet Union, from Cuba, Union. Grants and scholarships, unspecified by name from Red China. Better known are the domes The Foundation has over the years con or amount, came to $144,619; recognizable tic fatcats, befuddled liberals as well as Com tributed funds for research for books on Jewish philanthropies of one kind or anothtt munists, passing out their inheritance for the Marxism (in some cases disguised in the received $38,825 (about 20% of the total). Cause. grant as "socialism") and these books have In that year the Shakespeare Festival went There is another source increasingly im then been published by International Pub down to $200, where it's stayed ever since portant in funding the Left: Non-profit lishers, the Communist Party's publishing Pacifica Foundation got $1,530, and Willard foundations. They often deal in politics, house in the United States. The other large Uphaus' World Fellowship received $500. under the thin veneer of "community" identifiable group of authors has been asso In 1963 the Foundation handed out $182,- ciated with the "independent" Marxist pub 000; it was the year of the major departure. projects or whatever; and often in enormous Jewish philanthropies had dropped to just sums. lishing house, Monthly Review Press, and its magazine, Monthly Review. Its stable of $28,700 (about 15 % ) , with a few minor con For several months, Combat has been tributions going to Columbia, Yale, Haver examining the public records of a non authors, some of them also identified as CP members in Congressional testimony, has re ford College, and a few small charities. The profit foundation which annually pours bulk of the money went to leftists, some of hundreds of thousands of dollars into the ceived tens of thousands of tax-free dollars for "research," with the publisher providing it itemized below. Left, to finance propaganda films glorify In 1964 the Rabinowitz Foundation dis ing Communist China and revolutionary only a pittance as royalty. At least two other leftist magazines have bursed $177,000, so much that by the end of activity in Berkeley, to finance socialist con the year its net worth had been whittled ferences, and in effect to subsidize Marxist received direct grants from the Foundation: the now-defunct Studies on the Left (as down to just under $71,000. As usual, the left and Communist publishing houses. This is got the lion's share behind the protective the Louis M. Rabinowitz Foundation of 30 E. well as its three principal officers, individual ly), and Science and Society, a Marxist jour coloration of ·a few small gifts to recognized 42nd St., New York City. There seems to be a charities-a civic ballet group in Brooklyn, "research project" waiting for any Leftist nal described by an official government com mittee as a Communist publication. (Four of a guidance center in Rabinowitz's home who knocks at its door. town, New Rochelle. The Foundation also The Foundation was estabilshed in 1944 the six members of Science and Society's edi torial board have been identified as CP mem donated $26,650 to Jewish groups (about by a self-made New York industrialist 15 % ) . The following year the Foundation, (garment industry hooks and eyes), primarily bers at one time or another.) It provided seed money for the financing according to its tax records, made no con to finance research into Jewish contributions of two propaganda films: "China," a trans tributions or grants (although there is some to American life. So long as Louis Rabino parently one-sided view of Mainland China evidence it did). Its portfolio contained $79,- witz lived, his Foundation stayed close to its by Englishman Felix Greene, who received 000 in government bonds, $41,000 in nongov charter, funding libraries and museums, en $1,500 in 1963 and $7,500 in 1964. The film ernment bonds, $154,000 in corporate stock, dowing chairs at major universities, equip was produced, incidentally, by Lester Cole, and nearly $10,000 in other assets. At year's ping archeological expeditions-in short, named as a CP member and one of the origi end its net worth was $286,000. financing a hundred projects in the tradi nal Hollywood Ten. The other film was Finances were thus well enough off in 1966 tion of philanthrophy. Then in 1957 Louis "Days of Protest," a "documentary" of the for the officers to scatter $114,000 to 53 re Rabinowitz died and direction of the founda Vietnam Day Committee protest marches in cipients: a "legal rights" group in New tion bearing his name passed to the hands California. Producer Jerry Stoll, who has been Haven got $1,500, a group helping retarded of his son, his daughter and his daughter named as a CP member and has spoken at children $200, the Freedom Information Cen in-law. The son, New York lawyer Victor CP street rallies, received $700 in 1966. ter in Tougaloo, Miss., $2,000. The left walked Rabinowitz, has over the years been defense It gave $1,500 in 1967 to Clergy and Laymen off with most of the money, though; Jewish counsel for scores of clients called before Concerned About Vietnam, a pressure group charitable institutions received their by-now Congressional committees investigating Com organized chiefly to oppose U.S. policy in ritual 15%. munist activities. For many years he was Southeast Asia. The last year for which tax records are Fidel Castro's chief legal representative-and The Foundation provided large sums to available for study in 1967, and the figures J registered foreign agent--in the United fund "research" for books and articles por show heavy plunging on the Marxist-Len I States. Rabinowitz has invoked the 5th traying Cheddi Jagan, who has said he inist-Castroite-"socialist" crowd. A few small ·~ Amendment privilege against self-incrimina wouldn't reject description as a Communist, university grants, the highest $2,500 to Uni \ tion when questioned about Communist as a popular hero of Guyana. One of the versity of Wisconsin, a small check to a ) activities, before a Congressional commit Rabinowitz Foundation's officers, Marcia Ra Brooklyn youth center, and only $3,000 tee. So has his wife, Marcia, Secretary binowitz, was an officer of Friends of British (about 3 % ) to Jewish philanthropies. The { Treasurer of the Foundation. His sister, Mrs. Guiana, cited as a Communis'· front after rest went to the likes of Clinton Jencks Lucille Perlman, is Vice President. Congressional investigation. Other research ($5,750) and Prof. Harvey Goldberg ($5,000), ! Combat has examined the public tax state projects emphasize Cuba and Castro, Victor James Aronson ($3,000) and Mario Savio I ments of the Louis M. Rabinowitz Foundation Rabinowitz's long-time benefactor. ($1,500). / for the years since the death of Louis M. It provided funds for operation of at least Here is a rundown of some of the lucky ) Rabinowitz. The findings indicate the two of the Socialist Scholars Conferences, winners of the Big Sweepstakes of 42nd 1 Foundation's original purpose has been all both held in New York City. The conferences Street: but abandoned. Most of its money is now are widely viewed as misnamed-the social James Forman. Now chief fund-raiser for going into the pockets of well-known leftists, ism discussed most frequently and with the the National Black Economic Development generally for "research" on papers, articles greatest admiration is the socialism of Cuba, Conference and author of its demand ior $500 and books on Marxist or Communist subjects. the Soviet Union and Red China. In the million reparations from churches for cen J Those on the take include some of the big case of the second conference, in September turies of alleged ill-treatment of Negroes. ! gest names of the left: Frank Donner, Hunter 1966, 14 of the official participants who de Forman received four grants from the Ra Pitts O'Dell, Walter Lowenfels, Clinton livered papers (i.e., 25% of the speakers) binowitz Foundation in 1963, totaling $22,- ~ ~ Jencks, Marvin Gettleman, Morris Schappes, have been identified as recipients of Rabino 945.50. The next year Forman returned for i Joseph M. Morray, James Forman, William witz Foundation funds, and the Foundation $13,835, a grand total of nearly $37,000. Co Worthy, William J. Pomeroy, Len de Caux, provided $2,000 to help run the conference. incidentally, Forman is married to the former )) Paul M. Sweezy, Andre Gunder Frank, Sylves The Foundation's purposes are set forth in Anna Constancia Romilly, daughter of author ter Leaks, Philip Reno, Christopher Koch, its charter, which repeats the Internal Rev- Jessica Mitford, and stepdaughter of Oak- September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25213 land, Calif., attorney Robert Treuhaft, both War in Vietnam. A former member of the cited by HUAC as "virtual official propaganda of whom have been identified as CP members Georgia bar association, by 1967 he was de arm of Soviet Russia," but in recent years, in the CP press. (In 1966 Victor Rabinowltz scribed in Minority of One (for which he with "polycentric" Communism, has shown sent $50 to help in Robert Tre.uhaft's cam wrote an article, "Capital Export and Lend fascination with Cuba and Red. China. Like paign for district attorney.) In the years he ing Monopoly") as a "free-lance writer many other recipients, Aronson is luminary received $37,000 from the Foundation, For specializing in the economics of impertallsm." of (National) Emergency Civil Liberties Com man was an executive of the Student Non Has also written for National Guardian. mittee, cited by HUAC as Communist front, Violent Coordinating Committee, later J.M. Budish. Recipient of $3,000 in 1964. A and edited "Bill of Rights Journal" of De melded into and then out of the Black well-known open member of the CP, whose cember, 1968, which curiously featured ar Panthers, where Forman was· also named critical articles are published in Political Af ticles and advertisements by or about many Minister of Foreign Affairs. It was in August, fairs, the CP's theoretical journal. other Louis M. Rabinowitz Foundation 1967 that SNCC, followed by the Panthers, Rose Russell. She received a lavish $5,500 recipients. adopted a stance which can only be described grant in 1964. A long-time CP member, Mrs. Richard J. Barnet, Washington, D.C., as anti-Semitic, as well as pro-Communist. Russell was one of the leaders Of New York $1,500: With left-wing think tank, Institute Albert E. Kahn. Now living at Glen Ellen, State's Old Teachers Union, long noted for for Policy Studies, in Washington. Has writ Calif., he received $2,500 in 1964. Kahn has its Communist penetration. Now deceased. ten book (with Marcus Raskin) on Cold War been named as a CP member, has turned out William Marx Mandel. Received $2,000 in alternatives in Europe, several others on dis books like Sabotage: the Secret War Against 1966. Has apppeared before three Congres armament. Active in get-out-of-Vietnam Soviet Russia, and High Treason: The Plot sional committees, invoking the 5th Amend work, and a sponsor last year of New Uni Against the People. In his books the traitors ment when questioned about CP member versity Conference in Chicago, which called and plotters are the anti-Communists. ship. A "star" of film Operation Abolition. for "radical university reform." Philip Stevenson. Received $1,200 in 1963. Author of several books on USSR, generally Donald L. Barnett, Iowa City, Iowa, $2,500: Was identified as a CP member (Party name: painting rosy picture. His few criticisms of A Marxist professor, refused to provide uni Philip Sterling) in Queens, N.Y., later moved Moscow have cooled off his previous warm versity with students' grades in effort to help to California. An unfriendly witness before relations, but he can still get an article pub them escape draft; close to SDS. Author of HUAC in 1951, he also used name Lars lished in Political Affairs. book, Mau Mau From Within, published by Lawrence, spoke at People's World celebra -Robert Kaufman. Listed by the Founda Monthly Review Press. Has written for tions. Deceased 1965. tion as Robert B. Kaufman of Berkeley, this Monthly Review and National Guardian. Esther Jackson. A grant of $2,000 in 1963. is undoubtedly Robert Paul Kaufman, a Cedric Belfrage, Cuernavaca, Mexico, $3,- Wife of James E. Jackson, former editor of chief organizer of W.E.B. DuBois Clubs on 000: Former editor of National Guardian; the Worker and now one of CP's National Berkeley campus, one of Bettina Aptheker's named as CP member (Party name: George Committee. closest allies, and now a staff reporter for Oakden) and deported to his native Engl·and. Robert K. Machover. Received $2,000 in People's World, CP newspaper. Received Now living in Mexico, he contributes occa 1966. One of the new breed of young radi $3,600 in 1966. sionally to Guardian. cals, Machover made 1llegal trip to Cuba in William J. Pomeroy. Received $3,600 in Norman Birnbaum, N.Y., $1,625: Involved 1964. Last year moved to San Francisco area, 1963 and $2,000 in 1964; Pomeroy was an in anti-Vietnam War activity; participant where he exercises authority in leftist film American who joined up with the Commu in New University Conference; a prime mover I company, San Francisco Newsreel. nist-led Huks in the Philippines, was later in SDS Radical Education Project. Also re captured, imprisioned and deported. Now \ Todd and Nanci Gitlin. Down for $4,000 ceived $1,625 from Foundation in 1966. in 1966. Todd is former president of SDS, lives in England and contributes to the Bernard Conal, La Jolla, Calif., $3,000: \ Guardian. Editor of Guerrilla Warfare & Monthly Review Former official of Progressive Citizens of has written for and the Marxism, published by International Pub Guardian, played major role in organizing America, cited as CP front by California leg lishers. islative committee, Conal was Stakhanovite SDS Radical Education Project, most recently Alexander Werth. Received $3,000 in 1963 in San Francisco with the Newsreel film in Henry Wallace's Progressive Party in 1948. to help him complete his book, Russia at War (Canal's son, Robbie, was W.E.B. DuBois company, and was active in strike agitation (E. P. Dutton & Co., 1964). Werth thanks at San Francisco State. Nanci Gitlin was in Club activist in San Francisco in 1964:-5, the Foundation in the introduction. Rus where he was roommate of Steven Kahn, son delegation of U.S. leftist women who met sian-born Werth spent 1941-48 in the USSR with Viet Cong women in Indonesia in 1965. of Albert E. Kahn, another Foundation as correspondent for the London Sunday recipient.) Christopher Koch. Received $2,100 in 1966. Times; later was European correspondent of Koch ls best known for his 1llegal trip to Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Viet the left-wing U.S. magazine, Nation. Werth's nam, N.Y., $1,500: A left-wing pressure group Hanoi, which cost him his job with Pacifica writings generally were favorable to Stalin Foundation's New York station (WBAI). established to alter U.S. foreign policy in until he was attacked by Khruschev, then Southeast Asia; not a tax-exempt. organiza Once was president of Radio Tougaloo As favorable to Khruschev until K was deposed. sociation, spoke at meeting sponsored by tion. "We act to influence public and legis Joyce Lewis Kornbluh. Received $1,000 in lative opinion-from our pulpits, in the National Council of American-Soviet 1963. In her Rebel Voices; An IWW Anthology Friendship. (Univ. of Michigan Press, 1964) she thanks courts, at draft boards, in the streets." Michael B. Folsom. Received $2,500 in 1964. the Foundation for "financial help at a Frank Donner, N.Y., $500: A N.Y. attorney; Folsom one of the original members of critical time" which enabled her to com identified as a CP member by witnesses be W. E. B. DuBois Clubs, has spent last four plete her monumental work on the Indus fore Congressional committees; invoked 5th years putting together biography of Mike trial Workers of the World (the Wobblies, Amendment in declining to answer questions. Gold, prominent Communist and long-time an almost-defunct early radical group which Author of book, The Unamericans, a thor columnist for Daily Worker and People's is on Attorney General's List). ough-going leftist smear of HUAC (Donner World. Bertrand Russell. The nonagenarian Brit thanks Victor Rabinowitz, among others, for Paul M. Sweezy. Co-publisher, with late ish pacifist, later to spawn an "International being "most helpful in furnishing informa Leo Huberman, of the Marxist Monthly Re War Crimes Tribunal" to blame the U.S. for tion and suggesting leads") . view, whose authors are s"' favored by the crimes in Vietnam, received $1,000 in 1963. Horace B. Davis, Jamaica Plain, Mass., Rabinowitz Foundation. Sweezy ls a long Ronald Radosh. Received $1,000 in 1966. In $1,900: Has been identified in testimony as time Marxist, his magazine especially en early 1960's, while a history graduate student a CP member; in his 1967 book, Nationalism amored of the life-style of Castro, Jagan and at the University of Wisconsin, Radosh was anJi, Socialism; Marxist and Labor Theories Mao. Received $685.56 in 1964, a curious an associate of Studies on the Left. More re of Nationalism to 1917 (Monthly Review amount. The Foundation records show Stan cently at Kingsborough College in N.Y. Press, naturally) Davis thanks the L. M. Ra ford University refunded $685.56 that very John Gerassi. Former Newsweek corre binowitz Found·ation for making it possiole same year, suggesting it covered Sweezy's spondent turned radical. Made an illegal for him to visit Holland in 1965 to do basic expenses when Sweezy appeared on the Stan trip to North Vietnam in late 1966, the research. The Foundation tax statements do ford campus April 2, 1964 to deliver remarks same year the Rabinowitz Foundation gave not record any grant to Davis until 1967. at the funeral service of the late Marxist him $5,000. Made an illegal trip to Cuba in Davis has taught economics at major uni professor Paul A. Baran. 1967. Author of The Great Fear; the Recon versities and at two schools cited by Con 1 gress as Communist enterprises. Len de Caux. There's a name out of the quest of Latin America by Latin Americans (MacMillan, 1963) and North Vietnam,· a Harvey Goldberg, Madison, Wis., $5,000: past for you. Now living in Glendale, Calif., Profe.ssor Goldberg earned his radical reputa \ he was an en/ant terrible of the leftist labor documentary (Bobbs-Merrill, 1968). When tion at Ohio State; has been a member of the movement in the 1930's. An Oxford graduate, asked, in 1967, by National Guardian what white radicals should do in response to National Council of the Emergency Civil De Caux has lived in the U.S. since 1927, Liberties Committee (like many other Foun was one of CIO's chief radicals, edited the ghetto rebellion, answered, "Support them, and I mean militarily." Fired from San dation favorites), has been involved in vari March of Labor (cited as a Communist publi ous anti-Vietnam War groups. His American cation), was identified as a CP member in Francisco State College for leading students \ in breaking into administration building. Radicals; Some Problems and Personalities l 1953; invoked the 5th Amendment before was published by Monthly Review Press in HUAC. Received $3,250 in 1964. RUNDOWN OF THE 1967 GRANTs--THE LAST 1957. ) Richard Krooth. Recipient of $2,500 in YEAR RECORDS ARE AVAILABLE Marvin Gettleman, N.Y., $1,80.0: Active in 1966. Krooth was in Madison, Wis., where he James Aronson, N .Y., $3,000: Was editor of Vietnam protest; was contributor to Studies \ supervised economic research for the Na Nation.al Guardian (now Guardian) until on the Left in 1962, Science an.a Society in tional Coordinating Committee to End the staff revolted and took control; paper was 1965. Persons attending the F1irst Socialist l( '1 \ i 25214 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 Scholars Conference in 1965 were instructed Kenbridge, Va., $1,000: Organized to radi campaign waged by Baltimore Gas & to make their checks payable to Marvin calize students in South, SSOC operates in Electric on advertising the Calvert plant. Gettleman. · close liaison with Southern Conference Ed Hashomer Hatzair, Inc., N.Y., $500: A very ucational Fund, the cited ComII'.unist front Mr. Speaker, the hope for cheaper nu minor, but also the most leftist, of the Zionist run by Anne and Carl Braden, both identified clear power must be weighed against groups. Once received $5,000 grant, but in as CP members. SSOC tried to be recognized long-range risks to all forms of life and recent years only $500 annually. as the SDS in the South, but was attacked we must take a very careful look at all the Len Holt, Washington, D.C., $2,000: Negro by SDS hard-liners as not being revolution available facts before the country leaps attorney and author of book on 1964 Missis ary enough. into the nuclear power age. sippi voter registration drive launched With Thorne Sherwood, Jr., Hartford, Conn., The articles follow: support of National Lawyers Guild, cited by $1,000: Candidate for PhD at Stanford; grant TRITIUM PROBLEM OUTLINED HUAC as a Communist front. Board member was for book or~ priest killed in 1966 when of Southern Conference Educational Fund Colombian military ambushed a guerrilla (By Hal Willard) (also cited as CP front by HUAC); has writ band. The problem of radioactive tritium being ten book reviews for Guardian, and was Michael Tanzer, N.Y., $7,200: An economic released from nuclear plants is unresolved, sponsor of 1966 Herbert Aptheker testimonial consultant (PhD, Harvard), who has writ despite utility company advertising and dinner. ten for the left-wing Nation, attended the Atomic Energy Commission assurances, a Donald Jelinek, Selma, Ala., $5,000: At Socialist Scholars Conferences. Received Johns Hopkins University radiologist main torney now in San Francisco area with Office $1,800 in 1966 (for total of $9,000) to finish tains. of Economic Opportunity; a protege of SF book, The Political Economy of International The radiologist, Dr. Timothy Merz, says attorney Aubrey Grossman, who lead·s legal Oil and the Underdeveloped Countries (Bea tritium from water, a byproduct of nuclear panel assisting draft resisters (Grossman has con). reactors, can enter the human body and stay been a paid functionary of CP). George Wiley, Washington, D.C., $1,000: in cells long enough to cause genetic muta Clinton Jencks, Denver, Colo., $5,750: Was Is the national executive of the National tions and possibly leukemia in descendants. official of Communist-dominated Mine, Mill Welfare Rights Organization, which agitates Dr. Merz cautions that two reactors, such & Smelter Workers Union, and was convicted for larger grants, fewer restrictions on wel as will power the electricity-generating sta of falsely denying OP membership in Taft fare recipients, and similar raids on the tion on the Chesapeake Bay at Calvert Cliffs, Hartley affidavit; Supreme Court overturned Treasury. will not emit enough tritium to be a major conviction (the Jencks Decision) on grounds Other grants went to the Brooklyn Heights danger. However, he says, the electric power his attorney could not see FBI reports. Now Youth Center, Brooklyn; Lillian Boehm industry must recognize tritium as a prob teaching economics at San Diego, Calif., Foundation, N.Y.; Judith Coburn, Wash lem because of the cumulative effect if too university. ington, D.C.; Columbia Survey of Human much tritium escapes or too many nuclear Gaylord Leroy, Philadelphia, Pa., $2,000: Rights Law, N.Y.; Foreign Policy Roundtable, stations are built. Of Temple University, Philadelphia; one of Inc., St. Louis, Mo.; Jill Hamburg, Hoboken, There are 13 civilian nuclear stations op main speakers at Second Socialist Scholars N.J.; Ivan Kovacs, Bronx, N.Y.; Jon Katz, erating in the United States; 46 are under Conference. N.Y.; Debbie Louis, Venice, Calif.; Law Stu construction, and nearly 50 more are planned. Walter Lowenfels, New Jersey, $1,500: Has dents Civil Rights Research Council, N.Y.; The greatest concentration of them, totaling been open CP member; convicted of Smith Floyd McKissick, N.Y.; Samuel Rohdie, Ox all stages of development, is in the Middle Act violation in Philadelphia. Regular literary ford, England; Leon G. Summitt, N.Y.; So Atlantic region, including the Chesapeake contributor to CP newspaper, Daily World, cialist Scholars Conference, N.Y.; United Bay. But, Dr. Merz says, scientists still don't and its predecessors. Book of poetry pub Jewish Appeal; Regents of UCLA, Los An known precisely how many plants could be lished by International Publishers, With geles, Calif.; University of Wisconsin, Madi built in a given area before tritium became acknowledgement of Rabinowitz Foundation son, Wis. an actual danger to human life. help. The Atomic Energy Commission is well Julian Mayfield, N.Y., $3,000: Was Fair Play aware of the potential danger of tritium, for Cuba Committee activist; sponsored the according to Dr. John Totter, chief of the Monroe Defense Committee to help Robert F. TRITIUM AND NUCLEAR POWER biology and Medicine division, and has es Williams, a fugitive now living in Red China. REACTORS tablished strict standards on the amount of Jack Minnis, New Orleans, La., $1,500: A tritium that a reactor is allowed to release. young white radical who was SNCC research Furthermore, Dr. Totter says, the AEC has director after most whites were persona non HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER regulations controlling the total amount of tritium that can be released in a given body grata. OF WISCONSIN New York Shaltespeare Festival, $200: of water that isn't constantly circulating so Foundation regularly supports this arts festi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that it does not become saturated. val, which is directed by Joseph Papp, who Thursday, September 11, 1969 Dr. Merz feels these regulations are not has been identified as a CP member (also 5th stringent enough. He and other, nonscientist, Amendment before HUAC). In 1960 the festi Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, trit citizens continuously ask what would happen val received $2,500, has received only $200 ium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen if the AEC was overoptimistic or there was annually in subsequent years. on which attention is currently being an accident. Norman Rudich, Middletown, Conn., focused because of its radiological char Dr. Totter explains that the possibility of $2,520: Wesleyan professor, associated with acteristics and its appreciable production accident exists in any industry and that the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee; was by an expanding nuclear power industry. precautions required of utilities by the AEC sponsor of Herbert Aptheker testimonial din make the chance of an accident remote. ner; active in anti-Vietnam War activity; This industry results in tritium releases Dr. Totter also said he felt that the AEC speaker at Second Socialist Scholars Confer to the environment as a consequence of had not done a thorough job in explaining ence. Also received $2,200 in 1966. normal operation of both nuclear power the facts about tritium to the public and Morris Schappes, N.Y., $1,000: Editor of reactors and fuel reprocessing plants. that if it had there would be less concern CP-line magazine, Jewish Currents; identi Because tritium has a long radioactive about the substance. ' fied as CP member by several witnesses; in' half life of approximately 12 years, this Dr. Merz and Dr. Totter agreed that the ( voked 5th Amendment privilege. advertising concerning tritium by the Balti means that tritium discharged into the more Gas and Electric Co., builders of the Jack O'Dell, N.Y., $1,250: Jack O'Dell is environment will accumulate over a rela Calvert Cliffs station, could be misleading J. H. O'Dell is Hunter Pitts O'Dell, former tively long period of time. to people unfamiliar with the scientific CP organizer in South. When New Orleans Tritium presents no radiological jargon employed. police raided his home they found it health hazard to humans if it is pre The ads have appeared in several news j crammed with CP literature. Was closely papers, including The Washington Post, and a~,sociated with late Dr. Martin Luther King, vented from entering the body. However, introduction of tritium into the body in have caused the Public Service Commission \' who ritually fired him when questions were to order an accounting to determine whether ! raised, would then re-hire him. Now lives any form does constitute a potential haz the expenditure for the ads is in the public r' NYC, write for OP-line magazine, Freedom ard. interest. The money to pay for the ads, of I ways. O'Dell also received $1,250 in 1966. Thus, I was pleased to see a discussion course, comes from the regular utility rate, Daniel B. Schirmer, Cambridge, Mass., of this tritium problem, as it relates to paid by the public. The PSC emphasized that $2,000: Daniel Boone Schirmer, a descendant the Baltimore Gas & Electric nuclear it allows a certain amount of institutional of the famous frontiersman, was a leading powerplant under construction on the advertising. (The least an advertiser must figure of the Communist Party in New Eng Chesapeake Bay in Calvert County, Md., pay The Washington Post for a half-page ad land. appearing in a September 11 Washington is just under $1450, according to Post rate Mario Savio, Berkeley, Calif., $1,500: Born listings.) Robert Savio, alias Josa Marti. Leader of the Post article written by staff writer Hal Money spent on advertising conceivably Free Speech Movement at UC/Berkeley in Willard. I hope my colleagues will take could affect the utility rates paid by the 1964. Anyone who hasn't heard of Mario the time to read this article and, also, an public and the PSC must decide whether the· Savio is less than five years old. additional item from the September 11 purpose of the advertising justifies the ex Southern students Organizing Committee, Washington Post regarding the expensive pense. September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25215 The uncontested facts about tritium are hydrogen can occur by natural chemical or business world in special ways. I think that it is radioactive and is an isotope of hy- biological means. These properties of tritium it is the duty of the Congress to pay drogen and, therefore, is actually part of the tend to prevent reconcentration of tritium attention to these needs. It is our re water disgorged back into any body of water in the food chain." being used by a nuclear power station as But, according to Drs. Totter and Merz, sponsibility to see that our communities coolant, as Chesapeake Bay water Will be . there is "permanent incorporation" of tritium do not become one-voice towns. used. The chemical formula for water is two by the person absorbing it. Therefore, all sides The number of one-newspaper towns parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen agree, the public must answer two questions: has risen sharply-85.6 percent of our
(H20). Tritium becomes one of the hydrogen How much risk are humans willing to take towns with daily newspapers have only parts, making the formula for water HTO. that the standards set by the AEC are high one newspaper to read. In 1910 we had Once the tritiated water is in the Bay, or enough; and how much are humans willing 2,202 English language dailies in the any other body of water supplying a nuclear to gamble that AEC scientists will not be United States and now we have some station, it is used by plant life to make carbo- proven wrong in the future-perhaps because hydrates through the process of photo- of the newness of the science. 1,500. Of great significance is the fact synthesis. Thus, the tritium becomes part of The AEC and the electric power industry that there has been no successful new the plant. are confident that the risk is so small that daily of general circulation established Any creature eating the plant, whether it it is worth taking. in any city of more than 200,000 since be fish or man, is ingesting food that be 1941. comes structural protein and nucleic acid POWER FIRM'S Ans COST OVER $71,000 The joint newspaper operating ar containing tritium. If a human being simply BALTIMORE, September 10.-A Public Serv rangement is not new, in fact, it is about drank the water, the effect would be the ice Commission spokesman said today an ac 40 years old and has certainly proved its same. counting shows that the Baltimore Gas and worth over the years. No one is expected to drink frcm the Bay, Electric Company has spent more than $71,- of course, because it is salt water. If and when the Newspaper Preserva 000 so far on advertising its nuclear power tion Act comes before the House for a The dialogue on tritium began at a public plant under construction at Calvert Cliffs. hearing conducted last May by an AEC reac The commission ordered the accounting to vote this year I urge my colleagues to tor licensing and safety board in Prince Fred help determine whether the advertising cost vote for its passage. erick, county seat of Calvert County. was in the public interest because the ads An AEC statement used at the hearing said are paid for with income from electricity in part: "Water containing tritium acts rates and try to convince the public of the SENSITIVITY TRAINING-MILITARY chemically like ordinary water; most of it plant's safety. STYLE passes through the human body very rap idly. More than one-half of the tritium taken up by the body is passed on within three to NEWSPAPER PRESERVATION ACT HON. JOHN R. RARICK 10 days; practically all remaining molecules OF LOUISIANA · of water containing tritium are gone within 60 days... IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dr. Merz contends that this statement HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN Thursday, September 11, 1969 oversimplifies the situaition. He says the OF TENNESSEE elimination of tritium is not rapid and says IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, time was he places a different emphasis on the word when military recruitment and command "practically" than the AEC does. Thursday, September 11, 1969 training was accomplished by the flying Dr. Totter says the statement was accurate, Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, I under of the colors, and the beat of the drum but not nearly as precise as it should have stand that some very important testi accompanied by fife and bugle. been-and therefore is open to misinterpre mony was heard today by the House Nowadays socio-military advisers tation and misunderstanding. A construction Antitrust Subcommittee concerning the more interested in social experiments permit for the plant has been issued. Newspaper Preservation Act. than in national defense-feel that pa Dr. Merz and six other Johns Hopkins sci triotism and love of country are outdated entists submitted testimony at the hearing, To me this is one of the most impor but at the time their views about it were tant pieces of legislation to be presented methods of communication and motiva merely theory. Since then, Dr. Merz has this year and I certainly plan to work for tion with today's youth. The socio-mili proven his views by independent laboratory its passage. So much of our time in Con tary complex apparently feel it neces experimentation, he says. gress is spent in trying to effectively sary to stoop to the use of vulgarity, reli He learned what the AEC already knew, it manage our fiscal affairs that we take gious slurs, drug usage, and insensible turned out, but he places a different empha for granted other matters that also need drivel in order to adapt our military sis on it. The chief fact involved is that tests tending. leaders to conform to the deviations of show a permanent incorporation of tritium in water creatures that eat plant life that Simply stated, the purpose of the the undesirables among our youth. had absorbed tritium from water. Newspaper· Preservation Act is to guar One would think that these youth are Advertising by the Baltimore Gas and Elec antee freedom of information to the the misfits and freaks which the military tric Co. manages to convey a contrary opin public. In a democratic society the dis would screen out--not search out. ion by the use of accurate, but imprecise semination of information and opinion Strength is in quality not in numbers. and esoteric language, Dr. Merz feels. is essential to the continuance of a free The day when the military took a boy An advertisement on page Dl2 of the Sept. society. However, more and more com and gave back a man are gone. Rather, 3 editions of The Washington Post says in munities are being served by one news the design is now that the boys are to part: "The Calvert Cliffs plant will include paper and thus getting only one view remake the men. Everyone is out of step the most complete system available for re moving radioactive 'impurities' from any point. but the "goof-off." water discharged from the plant to the Bay. Increasing costs are forcing news What caliber of military force can be However, this $4,400,000 processing system papers to drop by the wayside, but the developed through administering sensi will not completely remove everything from Newspaper Preservation Act would per tivity training of this type to the officers the water ... Since tritium becomes a part mit a failing newspaper and a success in our armed services? Yet, the Director of the water molecule itself, it is not removed. ful one to merge their plants, equipment, of the Office of Information for Armed This is why there will be a large quantity of advertising, even circulation, yet main Forces defends the use of taxpayers' tritium discharged than any other radio tain separate editorial policies and staffs. money under the authority of the De active isotope ... From personal observation in my con "The major route to man of these radio partment of Defense to proliferate this active liquids would be through seafood. For gressional district I know the effective garbage. ness of a joint newspaper operating ar I include a news report from the Pitts \\ anyone eating normal amounts of seafood harvested in the immediate vicinity of the rangement. I am referring to the Knox burgh Press for July 27, 1969, and a reply plant site, the radiation exposure from this ville News-Sentinel and the Knoxville, from the Department of Defense, Office seafood would be infinitesimal. In a single Tenn., Journal, which began in 1957 with of Information for Armed Services: year, a real seafood lover would have to eat the News-Sentinel performing the circu [From the Pittsburgh Press, July 27, 1969] at least 30 tons of fish, crabs, clams, and lation, advertising, accounting, and me SHOCK ART JOLTS PuBLIC ON YOUTH oysters from the same plant area to receive as chanical operations of the Journal. News much radiation exposure as from an annual and editorial identities of the two papers (By Mike Miller) chest X-ray. These exposures consider the WASHINGTON.-The Defense Dept. is show fact that some elements reconcentrate in the have continued entirely independent of ing public audiences a painting entitled the seafood chain to levels above the concentra each other. "Next Supper" in which Jesus is depicted ! tion in the Bay water. But there is no theoret There is no substitute for a newspaper smoking pot. ical or experimental support for a conclusion either as a means of communication or And the disciples· as they appear in Leo that significant separation of tritium from advertising. It serves the public and the nardo da Vinci's "Last Supper" are replaced
rl \ \ \ 25216 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 in order (left to right by Spider Man, Charlie To Gen. Abrams, the V was the "Victory" I trust this answers your concern and I per Brown, Bugs Bunny, Jughead (as Judas Is sign of World War II days. The laughing sonally assure you that the entire presenta cariot), Archie, Capt. Midnight (as John, soldiers recognized it as the peace symbol tion does nothing to demean the sanctity of "The Beloved Disciple") , Mickey Mouse, Su of the younger generation. the Christian faith. perman, Santa Claus, Thor, Scrooge, McDuck Sincerely, and Batman. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OFFICE JOHN C. BROGER, GAP PORTRAYED OF INFORMATION FOR THE ARMED Director. But the Pentagon hasn't really become a FORCES, OASD (M&RA), pagan house of worship mocking the Chris Washington, D.O., September 5, 1969. tian faith. Hon. JOHN R. RARICK, THE U.S.S. "DOLPHIN"-A RESULT The painting is part of a 50-minute presen House of Representatives, OF QUALITY WORKMANSHIP AT tation designed to portray the "Communica Washington, D.O. PORTSMOUTH tions gap" between today's "New Generation" DEAR MR. RARICK: This is in reply to your and the "Establishment" or "System" (every letter of August 22, 1969 which enclosed a one over 25) . newspaper article in the Pittsburgh Press HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN Crammed full of art posters like the "Next of Sunday, July 27, concerning a Defense OF NEW HAMPSHIRE Supper," underground newspapers, and un Department presentation on Youth Commu derground film produced by college students nications. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on a $50 budget, and slides including one The Defense Department audio-visual Thursday, September 11, 1969 showing a needle injecting heroin into a presentation was carefully researched and scarred human arm, the presentation is fast produced to meet the growing need of mili Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, I want to becoming by popular demand a road show for tary commanders to understand the chal bring to the attention of my colleagues in other Government agencies, churches, PTAs lenge of communicating effectively with a the House and Senate, and the readers of and similar community groups. new generation of servicemen who have the RECORD, the following "letter to the MESSAGES HIDDEN grown up with a completely different outlook editor" which appeared in the September on life. Why-is the subject of our presenta Examining the lyrics of some popular tion. 8, 1969, edition of the Portsmouth Herald songs, the script concludes they have hidden The presentation includes a poster entitled of Portsmouth, N.H. It is from John messages which encourage people to take "Next Supper" which is commercially pro R. M. Donnel, commanding officer of the drugs. Dolphin, While the reception to the Pentagon pres duced and sold by many stores catering to U.S.S. a "one of its kind" experi entation generally is reported to be favorable, youth. The "Next Supper" poster is used mental auxiliary submarine that was some critics have questioned the Defense among youth and is one of several in the specifically designed for deep-diving Dept.'s role in showing it. presentation because this is clear evidence operations. John C. Broger, the man behind the proj of a growing attitude by many of our youth The Dolphin, the construction of ect, says the presentation originally was in toward religion and the acceptance of drugs. which was completed in 1968 by the tended for military commanders to give them The posters and other media illustrate that youth are not reluctant to employ shock Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, has been in an insight into how today's youth communi service since its commissioning and, as cate with each other. techniques in expressing their nonaccept Outsiders then heard about the presenta ance of moral standards set by the older pointed out by Commander Donnell, is tion and began requesting it, he said. generation. proving to be one of the Navy's outstand Mr. Broger, who boasts his presentation A large group of Service chaplains have ing technological achievements. has convinced some youthful drug takers to seen the presentation and while some were Mr. Speaker, it is apparent after read quit the habit and gotten alienated parents shocked at individual examples of youth ing such a statement by the commanding and children back together, heads the office media, all agreed that the briefing was rele officer of a vessel of this kind that the of information for the armed forces, a vast vant and helpful in understanding the prob lems of today's Inilitary commanders-as work performed by the men at Ports network that includes armed forces radio mouth is the finest that can be found and television service and the Stars and well as parents-in their effort to effectively Stripes newspapers in Europe and the communicate with today's youth. anywhere. It offers conclusive evidence Pacific. The "Next Supper" was not used in any that the closure order of 1964 which BAD TRAITS STRESSED way that implied approval of the posters or would result in the termination of oper "We just show what's happening. We don't their messages, nor was its use intended ations in Portsmouth should and must say whether it's good or bad," Mr. Broge:r to disparage the Christian principles of our be rescinded. In order to keep pace with said. heritage. the defense needs of this Nation, it is es His presentation, ·however, stresses heavily Leaders of several national and interna sential that a facility that is as accom the bad traits of some of today's youth and tional Christian gatherings where the pres plished and efficient as the shipyard at adults. entation has been seen have commented: " ... one of the most significant presenta Portmouth remain available to produce "The New York Times estimates that a the highly specialized equipment cru hundred million people in the U.S. use some tions of our national convention ... a master form of mind altering drug (including al piece in communication on one of the most cially needed to keep our Nation secure. cohol)," says the narrator. important subjects confronting our nation We in New Hampshire are .Proud of "It's estimated that 30 to 50 per cent of today ... we wish this could be given in all the men at Portsmouth. We realize the / the college students have tried pot (mari of the more than 30,000 churches we serve." great skill with which they are able to juana) at least once. Over half repeat.... (National Association of Evangelicals.) "I commend you and your staff for the perform, and recognize the contributions Last year over 35 tons of heroin were confis they are making to their community and cated by the Bureau of Narcotic!) ... two and work you are doing-work that is scholarly, timely, effective." (Moody Bible Institute, their Nation. Those to whom the Nation a half times more than the year before Chicago, Ill.) looks for leadership and protection, both and six times more than the year before that." "I was attracted to your presentation as in the military and the civilian side of POP SONGS CITED helping us to distingiush the true from the government, should recognize these facts false.'' (Full Gospel Business Men's Fellow Popular songs depicted as describing drug also. ship-International.) The letter is as follows: use include the Beatles "1967 Album of the More than any other group, pastors and Year" with the line: "I get high with a little church officials who have seen the presenta MAN IN MIDDLE b.elp from my friends;" "Fire Poem by Arthur tion have been enthusiastic in their accept To the EDITOR: ) Brown," "Mr. Businessman" and "Don't Step ance of its message. They unanimously en Speaking as a "man in the middle," I con J on the Grass." dorse it and continue to recommend wider cur with your editorial comments concerning ( The underground poster "Next Supper" showings to other church groups. the lack of recognition that the Portsmouth ~ shows Christ with a pile of marijuana and It is unfortunate that a newspaper head Kittery Shipyard workers received for their ( a hose with high pressure nozzles in his hand line overshadowed the real purpose of the outstanding achievement-Dolphin. She is / to supply marijuana smoke to the whole presentation. The effectiveness and ex truly one of the most noteworthy technologi group. tremely favorable response which it has cal achievements the United States has made Although not part of the presentation, a generated from audiences who have seen the in years. However, in defense of the Navy Broger aide who presents the show said the entire briefing has caused them to depart management, of which I am not a part, pub communications gap between youth and with a renewed sense of responsibility toward licity concerning Dolphin is complicated by adults was underscored for him when the our youth. The sole intent of the presenta various classification problems. Hopefully, Bob Hope troupe was entertaining troops tion, as stated in the news story, is " ... these problems will be worked out because, in Vietnam last Christmas. intended for military commanders to give as a very grateful member of Dolphin's crew, Gen. Creighton W. Abrams, U.S. com them an insight into how today's youth com I would like to see the shipyard workers re mander in Vietnam. held up his fingers in municate with each other." Be assured that ceive full recognition for having designed the V sign to the troops at one performance. " ... the Pentagon hasn't really become a and built such a superb ship. The result was laughter from thousands pagan house of worship mocking the JOHN R. M. DONNELL, l of the young men. Christian faith." Commanding Officer, U.S.S. Dolphin.
) lI ! I September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25217 TRIBUTE TO SENATOR EVERETT M. It was my privilege to take note of an lege and change the present presidential DIRKSEN other facet of his personality that con election system in favor of a direct, pop vinced me he was really genuine. I am ular election. convinced he did not adopt his well The report makes several points. HON. WM. J. RANDALL known. mannerisms just for the benefit First, direct election would eliminate OF MISSOURI of others. Some observers have suggested the chance that the popular vote winner that his use of the hoarse whisper was a would not become President. In the past, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kind of dramatic gesture. Because of there have been three Presidents who Thursday, September 11, 1969 those trips on the plane together I prefer were elected although they lost the popu Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, all Amer to believe otherwise. Those inflections, lar election. ica grieveo when they heard the sad news expressed by the raising and lowering of Second, direct election would end the of the passing of the minority leader of his voice were a part of his thinking inequities resulting from the allocation the Senate, Everett Dirksen. I know this is process. On the trips when I sat beside of electoral votes among the States com true, because I was in my home district him on the plane he made no studied bined with the winner-take-all unit vote. on Sunday afternoon when the news effort to impress anyone. It was simply Under the present system the number of came over the car radio while I was mak normal for him to place emphasis upon electoral votes allocated to the States do ing some last minute visits before return his thoughts by changing the level of his not reflect either increases in population ing to Washington. I heard such expres voice and by the use of inflection. The in the States or the voter turnout, sions as, "He was a grand guy;" "There manner of his speech was not reserved whether it be large or small. And there will never be another like him"; and, "He for oratory alone. It was the same in is the discrepancy in the voter-elector was the greatest orator of all time." his personal conversation. It was a part vote ratios of the different States. For It is natural that there is a sense of of the man. instance, California has one electoral sadness at the death of a very popular Those of us who listened to President vote for six times the number of voters national figure who became a legend dur Nixon in the rotunda heard him describe as in Alaska. ing his own lifetime. But along with sad the late Senator Dirksen as "a politi Third, direct election would eliminate ness and shock, there must be a sense cian," but then the President went on to the possibility of an election being thrown of frustration among the American peo say he used that term in the very finest into the House where there would be the ple at having snatched from the council sense of the word. In the opinion of some risk of wheeling and dealing and the re of Government a great leader at a time of us present this was as fine a tribute as jection of the candidate who is preferred when outstanding leadership is so sorely could be paid to any Member of Congress. by the greatest number of voters. needed in our Nation and in the world. On Wednesday of this week I had oc Finally, direct election would eliminate It was not my privilege to have known casion to take a constituent over on the the potentially dangerous office of the him as well as some of my colleagues. Senate side. That body was in adjourn presidential elector. Under the present Here a few years ago, during a certain ment out of respect for one of their dis system, an elector can disregard the will spring when he was making repeated tinguished leaders. When we walked on of his constituency and vote in the elec trips home, it was my good fortune to be the floor there on his desk was the one toral college for a candidate who did not on the same plane with him from Wash marigold of the species he had pleaded receive the highest number of votes in ington to Chicago on several occasions. to be made the national flower. In the his State. Dr. Lloyd W. Bailey of North On one or more of these times, it was my rotunda, the President said Mr. Dirksen Carolina did just that in 1968. privilege to sit beside him and to enjoy could be described in the same way as In examining proposed alternatives to a visit en route. But when I was beside his beloved marigolds, "hearty, vivid, ex the present electoral college system-the him, and at other times when I was on uberant, colorful and uniquely Amer district plan, the proportional plan, and the plane, I observed that no sooner was ican." Mary McGrory, a staff writer for the automaitic plan-the committee the plane airborne than he opened his the Washington Evening Star carried found each inadequate in solving the attache case and went to work. For a that parallel a step further when she de basic problems. man of his years, you would expect that scribed the passing of the minority leader The need for election reform is clear, he would use this flight time as an oppor of the Senate by saying "a bright flower and this report marshalls strong argu tunity to rest, but on each of these trips is gone." ments for the abolishment of the elec that we traveled together I noticed that Everett Dirksen was a giant of public toral college. he spent his time reading reports from life. ·He was certainly one of the most Since the House is now considering his staff and perhaps preparing remarks powerful Senators of all time and per House Resolution 681 to provide for the to be made in his home State. haps the most dominant figure of the direct popular election of President and I mention these incidents in order to Republican Party of the 1960's. He was Vice President, I believe this report will emphasize that while Mr. Dirksen was counsel to Presidents but, most of all, he be helpful to those Members who may a brilliant man, a magnificent speaker, regarded himself as a servant of the peo still require persuasion. I include it at and a great leader of his party in the ple. I can honestly say that along with this point in the RECORD: Senate, he was also embued with the those Members of his Party that were REPORT ON THE PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL idea that there is no substitute for hard close to him, as a Democrat, I can say AMENDMENT PROVIDING FOR DIRECT ELEC work. that I am going to miss Ev, too. I join TION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT So many things have been said and with my colleagues in extending sym (By the committee on Federal legislation, the written about this distinguished Ameri pathy to Mrs. Dirksen, Senator and Mrs. Association of the Bar of the city of New can. But I think the thing that impresses Baker, and the others of his family. York) me most is a remark attributed to him INTRODUCTION wherein he explained that he worked REPORT ON THE PROPOSED CON The 1968 election clearly demonstrated i . very hard at his job so that when his time that the electoral college system of electing STITUTIONAL AMENDMENT PRO Presidents and Vice Presidents is in need came it would be regarded that he had VIDING FOR DIRECT ELECTION OF of reform. The possibility of the election ~ helped, at least, to turn over to his chil PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT, elevating the popular-vote loser to the Presi { dren and grandchildren a country that BY THE ASSOCIATION OF THE dency, or of a deal in the electoral college, was at least as good as his generation had BAR OF NEW YORK or of an election thrown into the House of \ inherited from its forebears. He so elo Representatives to be decided under a for \. \ quently said that he hoped it would never mula distorting the most elementary prin be that his grandchildren would say to HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN ciples of self-government, has served as a clear reminder of the inadequacies of the him, "You were on the scene; why did OF NEW YORK present system. The election supported on { you let things get into such bad shape?" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I every count the indictment rendered in I If more of us took this view, we would be Thursday, September 11, 1969 January 1967 by the American Bar Associa- more diligent in our efforts and work . tion Commission on Electoral College Reform just a little harder, then our descendants Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, the Commit that the present system is "archaic, undemo i could be a little more assured that they tee on Federal Legislation of the Associ cratic, complex, ambiguous and dangerous." 1 ~ would have passed on to them the same ation of the Bar of the City of New York In 1967 this Committee issued a report i great heritage that had been handed has prepared a very thorough report cit { down to our generation. ing the need to abolish the electoral col- Footnotes at end of article. ~ 25218 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 recommending the abolition of the electoral and pressures and to place the President in ber 5 and December 16, 1968, to make a college and the substitution of a direct-vote a position of indebtedness to those wh,o voted "deal" under which he would release his · system. In our report we stated that direct for him.' We agree with the ABA Commission electoral votes in exchange for concessions election of the President and Vice President that the practical aspects of a runoff election on national issues or for the right to desig was "feasible,'' "highly desirable," and "con can be worked out." 5 nate persons for certain offices.u There was forms to modern concepts of democracy and In our 1967 report we expressed certain also speculation that Mr. Wallace's electors to the expectations of the great majority minor reservations about the precise formu would attempt to make "deals" on their own. of the people." 2 On May 16, 1967 the Asso altion of S.J. Res. 2, 90th Cong., 1st Sess. If the election had gone to Congress for ciation of the Bar of the City of New York ( 1967). S.J. Res. 1, 91st Cong., 1st Sess. decision, a number of frightful possibilities adopted the following resolution: (1969) meets almost all of the Committee's would have emerged. The congressional bal "Resolved, That this Association favors the objections.6 loting would not have commenced until proposal and adoption of an amendment to DIRECT ELECTION Janu.ary 6, 1969, two weeks before Inaugura the Constitution of the United States with Direct, popular election is the only system tion Day. Success in the House of Repre respect to the election of President and Vice that would eliminate all of the structural sentatives would have required the votes of President which would abolish the electoral flaws. inherent in the electoral college. twenty-six, or a majority, of the states. Under college and provide for the direct popular First, it is the only system that would the rules of the House, the candidate winning election of the President and Vice Presi eliminate the ever-present hazard that the a majority of the votes cast by a state dele dent.":: winner of the popular vote will not be the gation would receive that state's vote. A state We have reviewed our 1967 report in the electoral vote winner. Three times in our - would forfeit its vote if its delegation was light of the events of 1968 and strongly be history a President has been elected with tied. Since in the current Congress Demo lieve that the 1968 election confirms the fair fewer popular votes than the losing candi crats control twenty-six state delegations ness, justice and wisdom of a system of direct date.7 Sixteen times a shift o:( less than 1 % (five of these states having cast their elec popular election of the President and Vice of the total popular vote cast would have toral votes for Wallace), Republican8 control President of the United States. We endorse elevated the popular vote loser to the Presi nineteen, and five state delegations are even and urge adoption of the proposed amend dency. For a while during the 1968 election, ly divided, and since a number of congres ment embodied in S.J. Res 1, 91st Cong., 1st it appeared that the outcome would be at sional candidates had pledged prior to No Sess. ( 1969) , which is co-sponsored by Sena odds with the popular vote. The possibility vember 5, 1968 to vote for the popular-vote tor Birch Bayh and 41 other Senators and of such a misfire occurring in the future is winner in their districts, both major candi which incorporates the recommendations cause in itself to justify the abolition of our dates would have had considerable difficulty made by the American Bar Association Com antique electoral college. obtaining the required twenty-six votes by mission on Electoral College Reform.' This Second, it is the only system that would Inauguration Day. proposal closely parallels S.J. Res 2, 90th eliminate the voting inequities which flow If the House had failed to make a choice Cong., 1st Sess. (1967), which we dealt with from the method by which electoral votes by January 20, 1969, the Vice President in our 1967 report. The proposed amendment are allocated among the states and from the chosen by the Senate would have had to act requires a popular plurality of at least forty operation of the winner-take-all laws. Un as President until a President was chosen percent to be elected President and Vice and qualified. He would likely have been President, and in the event no candidate re der the system electoral votes are awarded on a basis other than population; population hesitant to make decisions or take any real ceives that number, a popular vote runoff changes occurring between decennial cen initiative during his interregnum. Moreover, between the top two candidates. suses are not reflected in the apportion the eventual choice by the House of Repre The Committee wishes to incorporate ment; each state casts a fixed number of sentatives could have resulted in the awk herein and reaffirm the views expressed in electoral votes regardless of voter turnout; 8 ward situation of the country having a Pres our 1967 report in favor of the proposed minority votes cast in a state are completely ident of one party and a Vice President of amendment. There, we stated, among other discarded; and voters of similar disposition another. things, that- throughout the country are prevented from If, despite a large Democratic majority, the "The 40 % runoff provision is necessary to pooling their popular votes across state lines. Senate had been unable or unwilling to avoid the possibility of a relatively small mi The system involves "competing inequities.'' choose a Vice President prior to a decision by nority electing a PreSlident. It seems that, as Small state voters benefit from the fact that the House, the Speaker of the House would demonstrated by previous history, the likeli all states are entitled to three electoral votes have had to assume the powers and duties hood of 'Splinter groups being able to prevent regardless of size. Large state voters benefit of President on Inauguration Day in accord any candidate from getting at leas·t 40% of from the unit rule whereby their states are ance with the provisions of ·the Succession the vote is extremely remote, and that able to award large blocs of electoral votes. Law of 1947. therefore the incentive for additional na Without attempting tu deal with the ques Fourth, popular election would abolish the tional parties will remain scant. Indeed, by useless and potentially dangerous office of removing even the theoretical possibility 'of tion of which of the twu inequities is great er,0 we believe, as we stated in our 1967 presidential elector. The ability of pledged becoming President with, say 25% of the report, that electors to vote against their party nominees vote, such incentive may actually be lessened. in the electoral college, which was illustrated While we recognize that minority parties "the time is past when we can afford to have a privileged position for some classes by the defection of Dr. Lloyd W. Bailey of might have some additional leverage if a North Carolina in our most recent election runoff were actually required to be held, of voters built into our political structure. Since 'one person, one vote' has become a and by similar defections in the elections of there is a high degree of improbability that 1960 and 1956, makes a mockery of our elec such a runoff will ever be necessary. We most important principle of our voting struc ture, no citizen's vote should have any more tion process, under which electors are chosen therefore conclude that so uncertain a pros to reflect, not disregard, the will of the peo pect of 'leverage in the sky' would be un weight than any other's-above all in this ple. likely to induce a proliferation of political most important of elections." io partie'S, particularly in view of the manifold Third, a popular vote system would elimi OBJECTIONS TO DIRECT, POPULAR ELECTION difficulties, monetary and otherwise, in the nate the danger of an election being decided We have considered but fail to be persuaded way of mounting a serious Presidential cam in the electoral college by a relatively small by any of the objections made to direct, pop paign. In any event, assuming that a state of group of electors, or being thrown into the ular election of the President. fac·ts ever did arise in which a runoff would House of Representatives under the "one One objection that has been made is that be required, we regard the leverage that then state, one vote" rule with the consequent it poses a serious threat to the two-party would exist as less objectionable and danger risk of wheeling and dealing and the re system. The objection is premised on the as ous than the alternative which the same jection of the candidate who is preferred sumption, rarely supported by any documen state of facts might present in the absence by the greatest number of voters. The 1968 tation, that the electoral college system of of a runoff provi'Sion: the election of a candi election, more than perhaps any other elec electing the President substantially contrib I date having the support of only a relatively ( tion, underscored the potential for disaster utes to the two-party system. An extensive / small fraction of the voters, without an op and crisis that inheres in the present sys body of political research, brought to light portunity for the supporters of the other tem. If President Nixon had lost California, by the American Bar Association Commis } candidates to choose among the front or the States of Missouri and Ohio, or three sion on Electoral College Reform, points to I runners. border States, no candidate would have had numerous reasons for the two-party system.'" "We believe that 40 % is a reason:ible figure a majority of the electoral votes. The power The electoral college is seldom mentioned as and that a national runoff election is the to choose the President would have shifted one of these reasons. most desirable manner of selecting the win to t iJ.e electoral college, where Mr. Wallace Among the institutional factors given are ner in such a ca.se. We see no reason why the would have had the ability to choose the nature of the Presidency itself, as a single people should not elect the President in all President and Vice President of the United member office, our state party structure, and ca'Ses. Any procedure involving a congres States by releasing his forty-five electors the selection of representatives by plurality sional vote risks the election of a candidate so that they could vote for one of the major vote from single member districts. None of who would n ot be the popular choice and, a.s candidates. There was much speculation in these factors would be altered by a direct the ABA Commission stated, 'an election in the country at the time that if no major vote system. On the contrary, we believe that Congress is likely to involve political deals candidate had a majority of the electoral direct election would operate to strengthen votes, Mr. Wallace would have attempted, the two-party system. It would eliminat:.e the Footnotes at end of article. in the forty-one day period between Novem- inordinate leverage that third parties have September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25219 under the present system, which was dem OTHER PROPOSALS election had meri·t. When that was the case, onstrated most dramatically by the 1968 A number of other proposed constitutional the proportional and district vote plans were election, and it would provide incentive to amendments relating to the election of the thoroughly considered and then defeated. the minority party in "one-party" states President and Vice President are pending in We believe that the climate of opinion in since every vote would count. Congress. These fall into three general caite the United States has changed substantial Another objection against direct, popular gories. One is the district vote system, which ly during recent years and that direct elec election is that it would destroy the federal would require electors to be chosen by the tion ls no longer an "impractkal" proposal. system. We believe this objection was effec people from single-member districts within Public opinion polls, the results of a poll of tively answered by Senator Mike Mansfield each state, with two electors running at state legislators conducted by Senator Quen in 1961, when he said: large.15 The second, the proportional vote tin Burdick,21 the support accorded the pro "The Federal system is not strengthened system, would divide the electoral vote of posal by Senators and Representatives of through an antiquated device which has not each state in accordance with the popular both parties, from both small and large worked as it was intended to work when it vote cast in the state.10 Tue third, commonly states, and by such organizations as the was included in the Constitution and which, referred to as the automatic or unit vote pro American Bar Association, United States if anything, has become a divisive force in posal, would retain the "winner-take-all" Chamber of Commerce, AFL-CIO, and Na the Federal system by pitting groups of feature of the present system, eliminate the tional Federation of Independent Business States against groups of States. As I see the office of presidential elector, change the man lead to the conclusion that direct election Federal system in contemporary practice, the ner of handl'ing contingent elections, and is capaible of enac·tment. We are hopeful that House of Representatives is the key to the make other housekeeping improvements in President ?-11.xon will yet give his active sup protection of district interests as district in the system.1' port to direct, popular election, since the terests, just as the Senate is the key to the In his February 20, 1969 message on elec last election has made it clear that this is protection of State interests as State inter toral reform, President Nixon expressed his the only reform that would be of a lasting ests. These instrumentalities, and particu personal preference for direct election but nature. larly the Senate, are the principal constitu said he felt it had little chance of passage.is CONCLUSION tional safeguards of the Federal system, but Accordingly, he recommended that Congress For the reasons stated, we support the the Presideucy has evolved out Of necessity, consider a plan thrat would {i) abolish the adoption of a constitutional amendment pro into the principal political office, as the courts office of elector, {ii) allocate the electoral viding for direct, popular election of the have become the principal legal bulwark votes "in a manner that may more clearly President and Vice President. beyond districts, beyond States, for safe approximate the popular vote than does the Respectfully submitted. guarding the interes.ts of all the people in present system", {iii) make a 40% eleotoral The Committee on Federal Legislation of all the States. And since such is the case, vote plurality sufficient to choose a President, the Association of the Bar of the City in my opinion, the Presidency should be sub and (iv) provide for a popular vote runoff of New York: Eastman Birkett, Ohair ject to the direct and equal control of all election between the top two candidates man; Thomas L. Bryan, John F. Can the people." 13 when no candidate has received at least 40% non, Harvey P. Dale, Nanette Dembitz, It is also argued that direct, popular elec of the electoral vote in the regulrar election. Ambrose Doskow, John D. Feerick, Rob tion of the President would involve endless Of the proposals pending in Congress, only ert L. Friedman, Robert J. Geniesse, vote counting disputes that could delay the the proportional and district vote plans Louis Henkin, Robert M. Kaufman, outcome of the election for a long period of would be able to meet the President's Kenneth J. Kwit, David Levitan, Je time. This 2,rgument ignores the fact that criteria.111 rome Lewine, Arthur Liman, Jerome under the electoral college system, a few In our view, the district, proportional and Lipper, James H. Lundquist, Edward A. popular votes can shift large blocs of electoral automatic vote proposals fall far short of Miller, Gerald Oscar, Alan Palwick, votes and possibly change the outcome of the type of overhaul that is required. A Leonard B. Sand, Myra Schubin, Leon the election. In a 1968 election, for example, modern electoral system should be-:--indeed, Tykulsker, Irving Younger. a shift of approximately 55,000 popular votes must be-responsive to the will of the people. FOOTNOTES That is, it should assure that the candi in two states would have changed the out 1 American Bar Association, Electing the come, while, if a direct election system were date with the most popular votes will be President 3-4 (1967). in effect, a shift of approximately 250,000 elected, and that every voter has the same chance to influence the outcome of the elec !l 6 Reports of Committees of N.Y.C.B.A. votes would have been required. In our view, Concerned With Federal Legislation 9 (1967) the vote counting problems that might be tion. As President Nixon himself noted dur ing the presidential campaign: "I think that (herein referred to as the 1967 Report). encountered -µnder a direct election system 3 22 Record of N.Y.C.B.A. 385 (1967). are no different in kind from those that if the man who Wins the popular vote is denied the Presidency, the man who gets 'S.J. Res. 1 is substantially the same as potentially exist under any system of elec H.J. Res. 179, 91st Cong., 1st Sess. (1969), tion, whether direct or indirect. These mat the Presidency would have very great dif ficulty in governing." 20 which was introduced by Representative ters have been effectively dealt with in Emanuel Celler. Accordingly our endorsement popular elections of other officials and, in our The district, proportional and automatic is equally applicable to H.J. Res. 179. opinion, can be handled, by appropriate fed vote proposals are deficient in a number of 6 1967 Report 14. eral and state legislation, in a popular elec respects. They would leave open the hazard 8 tion of the President. of the popular vote winner losing the elec It fails to provide for a new popular elec tion in the case of the death of both willllling Another objection to direct election is tion, and retain the inequities which neces sarily attach to the formula by which elec candidates, which we suggested in our 1967 that it would eliminate the one hold on report. S.J. Res. 1, as did S.J. Res. 2, simply power in the federal government that the toral votes are apportioned among the states. While the district and proportional vote pro leaves the matter to Congress. urban population centers have. As we noted 7 John Quincy Adams, with fewer popular in our 1967 report: posals would likely split a state's electoral votes and thereby eliminate the inequity in and electoral votes than Andrew Jackson, "The dramatic demographic changes of the was chosen President by the House of Rep last several generations lead us to suspect the present system favoring the larger states, they would continue the two bonus votes ac resentatives in the election of 1824. In the that elimination of the electoral college sys election of 1876, Samuel J. Tilden lost the stem would not now produce any significant corded each state and, consequently, retain the inequity favoring the smaller states. Presidency by one electoral vote, although he change in the type of candidate selected or in had over 250,000 popular votes more than the way. presidential campaigns are con In addition, the district vote system would Rutherford B. Hayes. In 1888, Benjamin Har ducted. Whatever the system, we doubt that continue the winner-take-all rule at the dis rison defeated Grover Cleveland, who had candidates and campaigns appealing pri trict level, would make it possible for the popular vote loser in a state to receive more 100,000 more popular votes. marily to rural or small-town voters any 8 In the 1968 election, for example, almost longer have any real prospect of success in a electoral votes than the popular vote winner, 590,000 more people voted in Connecticut country in which an increasingly larger and would encourage partisan interests to gerrymander electoral districts for political than in South Carolina and yet each had 8 majority lives in large cities or suburbs of electoral votes. In Illinois over 550,000 more large cities." u advantage. The proportional vote system, it people voted than in Ohio although both It should also be noted that in the post appears, would increase the influence of states have 26 electoral votes. The ratio of World War II period, presidential and vice "one-party" states and encourage splinter electoral votes to voters was 1 for 27,658 in presidential candidates have come from all groups to disrupt the party structure by Alaska, 1 for 97,387 in Arizona, 1 for 124,683 regions of the country and from both large playing a greater role in presidential elec in Kansas, and 1 for 181,289 in California. and small states. Many of the candidates tions. 9 Compare J. Thornton, "An Analysis of have developed national reputations as a re In the final analysis, therefore, direct, pop Electoral College Reform," The Alabama sult of their service in the United States ular election is the only real alternative to Lawyer (1968), with J. F. Banzhaf, III, "One Senate. the present system. We regard as unfortu Man, 3.312 Votes; A Mathematical Analysis of Under a system of direct, popular election nate President Nixon's view that Congress the Electoral College," 13 Villanova Law Re all votes would be important. Voters of simi should 'concentrate its attention on for view 303 (1968). lar disposition in various states would be mulating a system" other than direct elec 10 1967 Report 13. able to pool their votes, where, under the tion, since it could not win the requisite 11 See U.S. News & World Report, Septem present system, the "winner-take-a-11" laws Congressional and state approval. There was ber 30, 1968, at 34, quoting an interview with make this impossible. a time when this practical objection to direct Mr. Wallace. CXV--1589-Part 19 25220 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 12 See V. Key, Jr., "Politics, Parties and etc.-the single most crucial change in the Favorable head of household rates are now Pressure Groups", 210 (5th ed., 1964); C. '69 bill wasn't even dreamed of when the available to unmarried. taxpayers only if you Rossiter, "Parties and Politics in America", House began the process of tax loophole clos have a child or someone who qualifies as a 8 (1962); W. Goodman, "The Two Patrty Sys ing. It's not even a "reform!" dependent living in your household or if you tem in the United StaJtes", 30-32 ( 1956) ; E. It is the proposed new 50 percent tax maintain a household for a dependent father Scha;ttschneider, "Party Government", 69-84 ceiling on earned income-which would give or mother. The proposed law would add the (1942); A. Sindler, "Political Parties in the all of you with high earned income a special following two groups of taxpayers to those United States", 50-56 (1966) . break for taxable years beginning after '69. eligible for this tax break in years beginning 1a 107 Cong. Rec. 350 ( 1961) . Your earned income would not be taxed at after 1969, assuming they are not married at 14 1967 Report 12-13. a higher than 50 percent rate, regardless of the <:lose of the taxable year: ir; Among the district vote plans are S.J. the amount of your earned income or other 1. All widows and· widowers whose spouse Res. 12, 25, H.J. Res. 104, 108, 313, 357, 430, taxable income. Remaining taxable income died before the start of the taxable year 440, 478, 517, 530 and 575 91st Cong., 1st Sess. would be taxed at regular rates up to the regardless of age-who cannot qualify for the ( 1969) . S.J. Res. 25 would abolish the office maximum. surviving spouse tax break described above. of elector. Now contrast this reduced top 50 percent 2. Any individual who is age 35 or over. 16 The proportional vote plans include S.J. rate with the proposed ultimate higher top You would not have to maintain a house Res. 2, 4, 33, H.J. Res. 19, 34, 97, 192, 298, capital gains rate of 32Y:i percent and the hold for dependents to qualify; you would be 299, and 345, 91st Cong. 1st Sess. (1969). ultimate top regular rate of 65 percent. These "Intermediate tax rate individuals." 11 Included among the automatic vote plans new rate relationships would produce an ex Other m·ajor tax breaks are an increase are H.J. Res. 1, 6, 181, 188, 189, 256, 346, and traordinarily drastic reshuffling of tax plan in the standard deduction and a new "low 362, 91st Cong., 1st Sess. (1969). ning in such key areas as compensation income allowance." 1s 115 Cong. Rec. H1160 (1969). plans for executives, tax-sheltered invest You can, under present law, elect to t ake a 1!l It is interesting to note that had these ments (oil, cattle, real estate, equipment standard deduction ins·tead of itemizing your plans been in effect in 1960, Nixon would leasing, etc.), choice of operating in a cor personal deductions. The maximum is $1,000 have defeated Kennedy for the Presidency, porate or unincorporated form, etc. for married persons filing a joint return. with Kennedy having more popular votes. With the present spread between a 25 per Under the House reform bill, the standard Pierce, The People's President, 358-59 ( 1968). cent capital gains ceiling and a top 70 per deduction would be increased-and would !!o Quoted in Cong. Q. No. 43, pt. 2, 2955 cent ordinary income rate, millions have be the larger of the "percentage standard de (OCt. 25, 1968). good reason to seek compensation or fees in duction" or the "low income allowance." 21 Oong. Q. Weekly Rep., Dec. 16, 1966, at the form of capital gain; to tax shelter your The perc·entage standard deduction would be 3030. income with investments that produce big raised this way for taxable years beginning deductions now; to try to operate as a cor after 1969: poration with a top bracket of 48 percent, TAX REFORM BILL OF 1969 etc. But would you, an executive, try for capital Maximum gain compensation that may be deferred, Tax year beginning in - Percent amount HON. HALE BOGGS "iffy," etc., just to qualify for a 32Y:i percent top rate-if you had the choice of receiving 1970_------13 $1, 400 OF LOUISIANA 14 1, 700 immediate, ordinary cash compensation 19711972 ,_ --etc - ______------___ _ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taxed at no more than 50 percent? 15 2, ODO Thursday, September 11, 1969 Would the high bracket businessman or professional, invest in cattle, oil, etc.., to The minimum standard deduction would Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, the tax re shield 50 percent income now-against a still be available in 1970, but it would be form bill of 1969 is, I believe, one of th~ 32Y:i percent tax on a profit later, if the known as the basic allowance and it would most significant pieces of legislation to be profit does in fact show up later? be supplemented by an additional allow considered by Congress in decades. . The odds are that relatively few of you ance-the two becoming the new low income would. allowance. This allowance-in addition to Tax legislation, however, is an extreme In summary, this one provision would go the $600 for each of the taxpayer's exemp ly complex subject and very difficult to far toward ending gimmickry in t ax plan tions-would eliminate entirely or substan explain to laymen. ning. For example: tially reduce the taxes of millions in low Last month, the Evening Star pub 1. Investing in tax shelters to offset high brackets. lished an excellent series of articles on bracket earnings would be hard hit; For instance, a married couple with four the House version of the tax reform 2. Deferred compensation would have little children and income of $4,650 now pays bill. advantage for high-bracket earners and $39 in tax on a joint return; they would pay I have found these articles, written by many other fringe benefits would similarly nothing. Here is how the low income allow I lose value; ance would benefit taxpayers in 1970: I Sylvia Porter, an excellent aid in explain 3. Converting earned income to capital ing the basic provisions of the House gain would be less valuable and your method j passed version of the bill, and I am hap of doing business might be altered. If number of No tax if income Tax cut if income exemptions is- is under- is under- I py to insert them in the RECORD for the Since the 50 percent ceiling rate on earned I use of my colleagues at this point: income would take effect in 1970, imme f diate tax planning is called for. !______$1, 700 $3, 300 TAX REFORM BILL OF 1969-I 2______2, 300 3, 700 " To the extent that you-the businessman, 3 ______(By Sylvia Porter) 2, 900 4, 100 professional, entertainer and the like in a 4 ______3, 500 4, 500 The House-passed 1969 Tax Reform Bill high bracket-can effectively push forward 5 ______4, 100 4, 900 would hit hundreds of thousands with high your income from '69 to '70, you might save 6 ______4, 700 5, 300 7 ------5, 300 5, 700 er taxes while offering future tax rate cuts as much as $200 in taxes on every $1,000 so g ______5, 900 6, 100 to all individual taxpayers. shifted. Dozens of reform proVisions would bar or limit procedures now used by millions in the TAX REFORM BILL OF 1969-II TAX REFORM BILL OF 1969-III middle-upper brackets to shelter income from One of the most indefensible injustices in If you have been investing over the years high tax rates. Many of these reforms would the income tax laws-the discrimination in search of capital gains to be taxed at hit transactions which already have taken against the widow, the widower, other single comparatively favorable rates, be warned place this year. taxpayers-would be wiped out or drastically now-t he tax reform bill as passed by the The reform targets would range from such reduced by the House-passed tax-reform bill. House would hit you hard. exotic techniques as tax-sheltered inves.t If you would be eligible for this proposed Much of the tax savings individuals have ments in cattle, oil, equipment leasing, etc. tax break, follow this change through Con obtained from capital gains would be cut, In collaboration with The Research Insti gress. much of the tax benefit obtained from tute of America, I'll explain the proposals, If you are a widow or widower, you can get capital losses would be reduced, some of the pinpoint their effective dates and, in some the benefits of income splitting tax rates capital gains breaks you have been able to cases, suggest what you might do to mini just as married couples de>-if you have a de use would be wiped out, the spread between mize an adverse impact on you. pendent child liVing in your household. the ultimate top tax on capital gains and the Most important, I'll alert you to the block Under current law, this break is available ultimate top tax on earned income would be busters in the bill, so you may follow these only in the two years immediately succeed n~rrowed to 17Y:! percent. of personal importance as the proposals start ing the year your spouse dies. Preliminary soundings suggest that despite to move next month through the next Under the House bill, for years beginning intensive lobbying by the securities industry stages-the Senate Finance Committee, Sen after 1969, you would continue to receive the and businessmen directly affected, the Sen ate, House-Senate Conference Committee-to full benefits of income splitting and use the ate will go along with the slap at capital gains final compromise form. joint return rates as long as you maintain benefits. Here are the major proposals: ! To hundreds of thousands-businessmen, a home which serves as a household for a de 1. Under today's law, only 50 percent of i professional men, entertainers, athletes, pendent child. a long-term gain is subject to tax, and the j \
September 11., 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2522l tax rate on this 50 percent cannot exceed benefit of the bigger standard deduction and tirely disappear. The various tax sheltered 50 percent. The result is a 25 percent tax the low income allowance; single persons 35 investments that produce current deductions ceiling on the full gain, exclusive of sur or over a.nd all widows and widowers would for oil, cattle, real estate, equipment leasing charge. get major tax rate breaks. would have only liinited value compared to For sales and dispositions made after July Not until calendar years beginning in 1971 their present usefulness. Exempt interest 25, 1969, this maximum alternative tax cell and 1972 would all of us get tax rate cuts from state and local bOnds would no longer ing would be removed-a blow to anybody working out to about 5 per cent. The top rate provide absolutely complete tax shelter. in the over 50 percent tax bracket. would be cut from the current 70 per cent to Since each of the reforms would strike only The maximum tax on long-term capital , 65 per cent for taxable years beginning after a relatively limited group, here ls only a brief gains would go to 35 percent under current 1971. summary of the provisions. rates, before surcharge, and even higher with Here is a table which suggests how you Deferred compensation over $10,000 a. year a surcharge. When the proposed individual might be affected (surcharge not included). would be taxed at the rates in effect when tax rate cuts take full effect and the sur If you are single, under 35 or married filing earned, although the tax could be deferred charge ends, the maximum capital gains tax separately . . . until the compensation was paid. rate would oocome 327'2 percent-against 25 (In percent) A Ininimum tax would have to be paid percent today. despite the taxpayer's otherwise tax sheltered 2. The alternative capital gains tax rate You pay income. Exempt interest, farm losses and for corporations would be raised from to Your taxable 1969-70 1971 1972 capital gains would be used in computing day's 25 percent to 30 percent before sur bracket is- rate rate rate the "limit on tax preferences" (LTP) which charge. Corporations with taxable incomes would determine the tax. of $25,000 or less would still pay at the $6,000 to $8,000 ______25 24.0 23 Taxes, interest and other personal itemized 22 percent rate. Corporations with over $25,- $12,000 to $14,000 ______36 35. 0 34 deductions would become partly nondeducti 000 would be subject to the new 30 percent $20,000 to $22,000 ______48 46.0 44 ble in proportion to an individual's tax pref $32,000 to $38,000 ______55 52. 5 50 maximum. The effective date would be after $50,000 to $60,000 ______erences. July 31, 1969. 62 60. 0 58 Interest over $25,000 attributable to in 3. Under today's law, long-term capital vestment indebtedness would be deductible gains can be realized on capital assets held If you are married filing jointly or surviv only to the extent of investment income for more than six mont.hs. This would be ing spouse ... and capital gains. lengthened to a holding period of more than II n percent) Restricted stock and other property given 12 months. The effective date would be years to an executive or employe generally wouldn't beginning after July 25, 1969. You pay produce any tax break. 4. Under today's law, an individual who Your taxable 1969-70 1971 1972 Installment basis reporting would be has an excess of net long-term capital losses bracket is- rate rate rate liinited where payments are not spread over over net short-term capital gain, can deduct the installment period and where the debt such losses dollar-for-dollar from ordinary $6,000 to $8,000 ______19 18. 5 18 can be easily traded. income up to $1,000 each year. $12,000 to $16,000 ______25 24.0 23 Charitable contributions would be sub This would be changed to permit only 50 $20,000 to $24,000 ______32 31.0 30 stantially changed. Deductions for appre $32,000 to $36,000 ______42 41.0 40 percent of net long-term capital losses over $44,000 to $52,000 ______50 48. 5 47 ciated property would be liinited; the maxi net short-term capital gains to be used to mum deduction would be raised to 50 per reduce ordinary income. The unused 50 per cent, but unlimited deductions would be cent could not be carried over; it would be If you are head of household, single 35 or phased out; bargain sales to charity would "\, lost. But you could continue to deduct short over, widows or widowers . lose part of their tax benefit, etc. term capital losses in full. The effectiv~ date: Farm losses used to convert ordinary in years beginning after July 25, 1969. [In percent) come into capital gain would be hit; livestock However, net long-term capital losses car would be subject to depreciation recapture ried over from a year beginning oofore July You pay Your taxable 1969-70 1971 1972 and major benefits would be restricted. 26, 1969 would not be subject to the new bracket is- rate rate rate The use of depreciation as a tax shelter reduction by 50 percent for long-term capital would generally be restricted. Speedy depre losses applied against $1,000 of ordinary in ciation of real estate would be limited to new $6,000 to $8,000 ______22 21. 5 21 come each year. You could continue to de $12,000 to $14,000 ______31 29. 5 28 buildings and only new housing could use duct these carried-over long-term losses, to $20,000 to $22,000 ______40 38. 5 37 the best breaks. the extent not offset against capital gain, dol $32,000 to $36,000 ______48 46.5 45 The tax advantages of private foundations lar-for-dollar as at present up to $1,000 of $50,000 to $52,000 ______56 54. 5 53 would be cut and their activities would be ordinary income each year. strictly regulated. All would have to pay a 5. Other blows: lump sum distributions Another area in which tax relief is proinised 77':! percent tax on their investment income. from employe benefit plans would be taxed starting for years after 1969 involves moving The oil and gas percentage depletion would at least partly as ordinary income; sales of expenses. In essence, the House bill would be reduced from 27% percent to 20 percent letters, memoranda, by persons who created liberalize the present definition of moving and the percentage depletion rates for other them would result in ordinary income; live expenses to include these three new cate natural resources also would be cut for years stock would have to be held longer to qualify gories: pre-move house-hunting costs; tem beginning after July 22, 1969. for capital gain. This is real tax reform. porary living expenses at new principal job State and municipal bonds could be issued location; cost of selllng the old residence, as taxable obligations with the federal gov TAX REFORM BILL OF 1969-IV buying a new residence or terminating a ernment making up part of the extra cost. As far as the majority of middle-income lease. The lobbies are now descending on Con taxpayers is concerned, tax relief, if any, in Still other changes would not only make gress. Before reaching President Nixon's desk, the 1969 tax reform bill is far in the future. tax reduction through income averaging the bill will oo drastically re-written. President Nixon has said that he is "dis available to many more taxpayers but would These five columns have been designed to appointed" by the House action on his "reve also greatly simplify your income averaging help taxpayers participate in this develop nue recommendations"; Treasury Secretary computations. The effective date would be ing debate. Kennedy has gone beyond this and has taxable years beginning after 1969. warned that the administration will oppose The proposed relief is not to be sneezed some of the House tax proposals when they at-but it's hardly the immediate bonanza THE HONORABLE BARRATT O'HARA are taken up in the Senate next month; the headlines of recent days have suggested. there is mounting criticism that the House voted tax cuts, totaling $9.2 billion through TAX REFORM .BILL OF 1969-V HON. JOHN J. ROONEY 1972, would endanger essential federal Historians may argue for years whether the spending. 1969 tax reform drive was set off by the dis OF NEW YORK The widely heralded tax relief is mighty closure that no federal income tax at all was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "iffy" in addition to being well in the future. paid on 155 tax returns with more than $200,- Wednesday, September 3, 1969 For calendar 1969, there would be no rate 000 of income in 1967 or whether this out cuts. The surcharge already has been ex rage simply added to the wide resentment Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. tended at 10 percent to yea.rend, and the over the tax-cost of living squeeze. No mat Speaker, the words said here today about House bill would continue it at 5 percent to ter-the fa-0t ls that the 1969 bill, as passed the Honorable Barratt O'Hara pale into \ mid-1970. Actually, you probably would pay I by the House, would end or drastically curtail nothingness when compared with the more in taxes in calendar 1969 than in 1968 many of the tax saving maneuvers that the ~ because of the higher 10 percent surcharge wealthy avoiders of taxes have been using deeds of the man himself. Barratt was rate throughout the year. with such success. a truly good friend and we all feel his For calendar years beginning in 1970, high Thus, the advantages of capital gains loss greatly. What a life this great man income individuals would get the benefit of would be cut. The various benefits of paying had-decorated soldier, sportswriter, the 50 per cent tax celling on earned income; executives deferred compensation or re scrappy and successful criminal at t many low income taxpayers would get the stricted stock would be limited or almost en- tor~ey, elected State official, explorer, {' \ 25222 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 newspaper editor and author, movie pro To Mrs. Fay and surviving members of Jews residing within the Soviet Union. ducer, radio performer and, at an age his family I extend my deepest sym Therefore, when the 91st Congress con when most men are thinking about re pathy and heartfelt condolences. vened in January 1969, I introduced tirement, Member of the House of Rep House Concurrent Resolution 80, a resentatives. At 66 years of age Barratt concurrent resolution to express the came to this body and for 18 years he was sense of Congress against the persecution one of its outstanding Members-as a HIGH HOLIDAYS 5730 of persons by Soviet Russia because of legislator and as a man. He was a keen their religion. By the passage of this res defender of the oppressed and many, HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO olution, we shall reaffirm to the Soviets many times lent his sharp mind and wit and to all nations our belief that man to causes of the underdog. He was chair OF ILLINOIS kind the world over has the inherent and man of the Subcommittee on Africa of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inalienable right to religious freedom. the House Committee on Foreign Affairs Thursday, September 11, 1969 During the celebration of the Jewish and a champion of the struggling new Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, Septem high holidays, we recall once again the nations of that continent. He was a ber 13 is a significant day for those of the suffering endured by the Jewish people, warm man, a friendly man; a man ever Jewish faith for it marks the beginning and mankind's conscience cries out ready to help or, should the need be, to of the Jewish religious New Year 5730. against the betrayal of human rights fight. I consider myself fortunate, Mr. I am happy to join my colleagues in the which they have tragically experienced. Speaker, to have known Barratt O'Hara Congress and my constituents and friends In the coming year, I do hope that the for many years and to call him friend. of the Jewish faith in observing the Jewish people may have freedom from In fact, one of my fondest possessions is advent of the Jewish high holidays be persecution and may enjoy peace and an autographed copy of the book he ginning with Rosh Hashanah on Septem prosperity. wrote on prize fighting, "From Figg to ber 13 and ending with Yorn Kippur on As the Congressman for the Seventh Johnson." Barratt O'Hara is gone now September 27. District of Illinois, where many of my and we probably will not see his like Rosh Hashanah is a most solemn day, friends and constituents of the Jewish again, but we were indeed fortunate to distinguished by refiection, prayer, and faith reside, I take great pleasure, with know such a man at all. To his sons and penitence. It is a holy day on which Jews the advent of the high holidays 5730, family I extend my deepest sympathy. all over the world assemble in synagogues in extending my greetings and best to ask God's forgiveness for man's sin wishes to them for the new year. and to pray for the unification of man THE LATE HONORABLE WILLIAM P. kind. "Unite all of us in the bond of FAY brotherhood" is the beginning of one of NATION NEEDS DRASTIC WELFARE the beautiful, thousand-year-old prayers OVERHAUL associated with this holy day. HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA On Rosh Hashanah, or New Year, the OF HAWAII shofar, or ram's horn, is sounded. The HON. HALE BOGGS lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES blowing of the ram's horn on this day OF LOUISIANA has a deep symbolism. It is considered so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, September 11, 1969 important that the day has been called Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, I was "the day of the clarion call." Only a man Thursday, September 11, 1969 deeply shocked and saddened over the of outstanding character is permitted to Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, the New Or unexpected passing of the very able and sound the shofar, and its shattering leans Times-Picayune recently published gracious Irish Ambassador to the United sound is meant to awaken man's con an excellent editorial commenting on States, the Honorable William Patrick . science to renew his faith and to return President Nixon's recent proposal to Fay. to God. overhaul the Nation's welfare system. It was just a few weeks ago that I September 27, the Day of Atonement, This is an extremely perceptive edito hosted a luncheon in his honor in the or Yorn Kippur, is always observed sol rial, presenting some timely and incisive House Restaurant and it was a distinct emnly. It is the climax of 10 days of thoughts on this subject. I am therefore privilege for me to become better penitence with which the Jewish New inserting it in the RECORD and calling it acquainted with this outstanding diplo Year commences. This is the most sacred to the attention of my colleagues: mat. His warmth and dignity reflected day of all-for on this day the Lord NATION N'EEDS DRASTIC WELFARE great credit on the Irish Republic and he judges each individual. Jews fast all day, OVERHAUL did much during his service in Washing confess and repent, and ask forgiveness It is easy to agree with President Nixon ton to strengthen those bonds of friend from the Lord and from their fellow that the welfare system is ripe for overhaul. ship which exist between his country and man. In turn, they freely forgive their Whose welfare the present structure benefits our own. neighbors and look forward to a good has always been obscure. With our mutual good friend, Dr. Ping Not the abysmally poor, surely, whether in Chen, we enthusiastically discussed Dr. new life. dividuals or family units. Not urban centers Chen's successful "Ireland project," The Jewish tradition of setting apart or states either, for they find their troubles ., which enabled 19 American students 1 day in every year to concentrate to compounded. And not the vast middle class J their utmost ability on the spiritual ad which bears most of the growing costs of wel from Eastern Illinois University and fare without seeing any improvement. :~ other universities to travel to Dublin for vancement of man is without parallel ( in the history of humanity. And the fact While there will be readf agreement with summer studies. the President over the necessity for drastic I I particularly cherish the authorita that for thousands of years Jews all change, whether it be called junking or refor tive study on Dublin, Ireland's capital, over the world have united in prayer and mation, at the point of methodology the har ) by the Honorable :&Jesmond Guinness, repentence on the very same day is im mony of opinion departs. president of the Georgian Society, which measurable in its sigl'lificance, particu In a nation so able in thinking out mat the Ambassador sent to me as a souvenir larly when one realizes the impediments ters of science and technology, the lack of that have been placed in the way of clear thinking on the plight of the poor and ) of our meeting. the turning of social liabilities into social as Ambassador Fay told me that he very Jewish religious observances and the op sets has been appalling. much looked forward to visiting Hawaii, pressive religious persecution to which The welfare system has long been sterile, / and I deeply regret that nov: I will not the Jews have been subjected for cen bankrupt in its outlook. The best it could be able to extend the special aloha of turies. hope for is successive welfare generations. our Island State to this illustrious repre Denial of freedom to worship, wher Instead of the required transfusion of fresh sentative of the Emerald Isle. ever and whenever it occurs, is a crime thinking and approaches, the easy out at all levels-federal, state and city-has been to ) I treasure my brief but warm friend against our common humanity and a substitute hypodermics of growing appropri ship with Ambassador Fay and feel a violation of the noblest aspirations of ations to keep a .hopelessly unworkable sys keen sense of loss over his death. Indeed, the spirit of man. In recent years the tem alive. And this is not to say the funding the entire world community has lost a Soviet Union has imposed severe restric was ever adequate. valued citizen. tions on the religious freedom of the Mr. Nixon's plans for fixed basic incomes J
J September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25223 for the poor, turning more federal revenues October 19, 1967, issued a report of its :find scribed by a doctor to achieve an antici to states, and returning manpower programs ings, a copy of which was forwarded to the pated result based on the doctor's under to states and localities will not necessar then Administrator, William F. McKee, on standing of the drug's purity and ily be recognizable in what is finally enacted that date. The report of the Air Line Pilots by Congress. Association made the following two recom strength-should be assured that the Whatever does emerge, the price tag will mendations to prevent similar accidents: product he is being sold is, in 100 percent be costly by the standard of past budgetary "1. That air traffic in areas of poor radar of cases, exactly what the doctor ordered. criteria. But in terms of today's wasted man coverage be curtailed or routed around it. In the case of Reserpine, as demon power potential, erosion of social values and a "2. That all aircraft operating in terminal strated by the findings in the St. Louis perpetuation of a feeling of frustration and areas be required to be in contact with the testing of all brands on the market at hopelessness, what could approach the ter appropriate control facility before proceed the time the samples were collected, this rible cost of the present grossly malfunc ing within thirty miles of the area." assurance has not been present. tioning welfare system? No action was taken by the Administrator to invoke either of these recommendations. The USP standard for Reserpine calls After two years the sam.e situation exists and for potency ranging between 90 and 110 we have experienced another mid-air colli percent of declared active ingredient. In THE FAA'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR sion which has taken the lives of many more the 1967 survey, several samples were ANOTHER AIR TRAGEDY members of the traveling public. found to be superpotent, and were des If the Federal Aviation Administration had ignated as moderate to serious hazards; implemented either recommendation made by ALPA, the possibiHty of this latest mid-air the lots from which they came were sub HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER collision would have been tremendously re sequently called back from the market. No superpotent samples were discovered OF NEW YORK duced and most probably the accident would not have happened. The FAA's bewildering in the latest survey. But 35 of 956 sam IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cries of lack of :finances to improve the safety ples tested, or 3.7 percent, were found Thursday, September 11, 1969 of airline travel are not valid in this instance, defective, mostly for subpotency; these since procedural changes are all that are re were found in 10 of the 154 "batches" in Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, Tues quired and as such would not cost one red day's fatal crash of a student-piloted cent. cluded in the test, for a batch defective small plane and a jet airliner with 82 The admittedly poor situation which per ness rate of 6.5 percent. persons near Indianapolis is another mitted the Urban.a, Ohio accident has not Of the 58 firms whose products were black mark on the Federal Aviation Ad been improved and only good fortune has de found on sale at the time the samples ministration's spotty record in the field layed a second mid-air disaster for 32 were collected across the country, eight of air safety. months. were found to have produced substand The crash occurred under ideal :flying Unless immediate action is taken by the ard tablets. These eight firms produced Federal Aviation Administration to prevent more than 13 percent of the Reserpine conditions. It could have been averted. the operation of aircraft in areas of poor, or Had the small plane been under positive non-existent, radar coverage and to prevent manufactured during the period covered control of the FAA's control tower at the intrusion of unknown aircraft into high by the survey. The technical details of Weir-Cook Municipal Airport, 83 persons density approach areas, mid-air collisions the test methods, the names of the firms would be alive today and a multi-million will most certainly continue to occur. involved, and the batch-by-batch test re dollar jet aircraft would not be reduced Sincerely yours, sults for each firm are included in the JoHN R. McDONALD, report. to random bits of scrap metal. ALPA, Region III Accident Investigator. The FAA, either because of bureau DRUG TESTING TECHNIQUES AT ST. LOUIS cratic hardening of the arteries or just The Food and Drug Administration plain fear of incurring the displeasure THE RESERPINE DEFECTIVENESS was encouraged by the fact that in the of one segment of the aviation industry, STUDY EMPHASIZES IMPORTANCE previous survey, in 1967, the defective has repeatedly turned away my demands OF FDA NATIONAL CENTER FOR ness rate of the samples tested was 9.4 that it use its regulatory powers to con DRUG ANALYSIS AT ST. LOUIS percent compared with the latest sur trol the dangerous mix of small, slow, and vey's 3.7 percent. Of course, this is a often inadequately equipped general sharp improvement in only a little more aviation planes and the larger faster than 1 year's time. commercial airliners. Tuesday's crash HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN OF MISSOURI The existence of the St. Louis FDA makes it imperative that the FAA take National Center for Drug Analysis un immediate action to: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES doubtedly has contributed very impor First, institute positive control on air Thursday, September 11, 1969 tantly to this dramatic improvement in craft using or :flying over airports serving Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, the reliability of a drug which came under commercial airlines; sharp public attack in 1967, and which Second, ban all student pilots from Food and Drug Administration is now \I making public an important report on a was immediately made a subject for in l such air space; and national study it has conducted at the tensive reliability testing in the St. Louis Third, set plane capability and pilot National Center for Drug Analysis in St. facility. proficiency standards so the inexperi Louis on the quality and reliability .of the Any drug whose reliability or uni enced pilot and the inadequately formity is in serious doubt because of equipped plane can be kept out of con output of 58 firms producing the impor l tant prescription drug Reserpine, which variations in production or lack of ade I gested air corridors and airports. is used for lowering blood pressure, pro quate care in distribution should be sub } The Air Line Pilots Association yester ducing a calming effect, and slowing the jected to periodic quality testing by FDA. ) day expressed its concern a:n.i its rec pulse rate. The St. Louis facility was established in ommendations on this problem to the This study shows a rather dramatic 1966 to handle this assignment and has l FAA, and I present herewith for inclu improvement in the situation when com been doing an outstanding job, according sion in the RECORD a copy of ALPA's let pared to the results of a similar study to the testimony of FDA officials. \ ter to FAA Administrator Shaffer: made by the Food and Drug Administra Following my remarks, I am submitting l Am LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION, tion in 1967. But the latest survey also as exhibit A an article from the publica \ w ·a·shington, D.C., September 10, 1969. JOHN H. SHAFFER, shows that significant numbers of de tion "FDA Papers" describing the func ~' Administrator, Federal Aviation Administra fective Reserpine tablets have been get tion and activities of the center. \ tion, Washington, D.C. ting out into the market. The St. Louis National Center for Drug DEAR MR. ADMINISTRATOR: On March 9, 1967 There is reassurance in the FDA po Analysis was established originally in my a mid-air collision between a Douglas DC-9 sition that the degree of defectiveness in city, Mr. Speaker, because many of the and a Beach Baron Model 55 occurred 6.5 potency in the samples which deviated functions of the existing district office miles northwest of Urbana, Ohio and 26 from USP standards, is not regarded as of FDA were being merged into the Kan people died. a hazard to health. Nevertheless, and sas City regional office, making available On September 9, 1969 a mid-air collision occurred between an Allegheny DC-9 and a considering the fact that 87 percent of in St. Louis necessary laboratory space, Cessna 140 near Indianapolis, Indiana and the formulators \!hose products were and highly skilled scientists and techni 83 people died. The Air Line Pilots Associa tested were able to meet specifications cians who could do on a large scale what tion participated in the National Transporta and comply with the USP standards for the FDA district offices around the coun tion Safety Board's investigation into the Reserpine, the patient dependent upon I try had each been trying to do on a very \ cause of the Urbana, Ohio, accident and on this drug-or upon any other drug pre- \ small scale, under adverse conditions. \ .25224 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS , September 11, 1969 ST. LOUIS CENTER TO BE EXPANDED-BUT instrumentation and a capability in terms of same universities, I might add, are excel FUTURE IS IN DOUBT personnel and physical support that are not lent resources to the FDA itself in pro readily available in each one of district labo viding expert assistance in developing The FDA office in St. Louis has always ratories. So that it seemed very logical to de had a close relationship with the com velop an automated laboratory which could and carrying out a scientific program or munity, including our very effective St. handle large-scale chemical analyses of drug in researching a scientific problem. Louis Consumer Federation. When the products in the marketplace in this country. I sincerely hope that FDA will be able transfer of many of its functions to Kan The second reason St. Louis was chosen, to fulfill the promise it made to us in sas City was being considered, I did not was that in the district itself, the workload St. Louis several years ago, when our object, or attempt to block the change was changing in nature so we could hardly FDA district office was largely consoli justify its continuation as a district. Quite dated with Kansas City in order to make because I was assured that this facility frankly, there was a building and there was would be used in an even more important a staff of people trained in the analytical room at St. Louis for the National Cen manner in protecting American consum chemical area, so that we drew upon both the ter for Drug Analysis. The promise was ers, by becoming a central drug reliability building and staff and converted from a dis that if the experiment worked, and if it testing facility for the entire country. trict to a drug analysis laboratory on a pilot demonstrated the value of a consolidated Our outstanding universities in the St. basis. testing program to replace very limited Louis area were enthusiastic about the Mr. NATCHER. At that point, Dr. Ley, in a testing in a local office around the coun different appropriation don't you have some try, the new facility would be constructed location of a drug testing center there, money for a new building? and scientists in our FDA office who Dr. LEY. We have money for a building. We in St. Louis. wanted to _stay in St. Louis rather than are considering the location of NCDA either The fact that FDA has been submerged move to Kansas City, were qualified for in St. Louis or another area. somewhat in a so-called super agency, and anxious to participate in the work Mr. NATCHER. You have been bragging on the Consumer Protection and Environ of setting up and conducting a drug test this building you were using. You don't mean mental Health Service, should not change ing center. to tell us that you want to throw this aside promises solemnly made in good faith by The Reserpine study is just one of this quickly and build a new one? both FDA and the St. Louis community. Dr. LEY. Mr. Chairman, when one tries a Career Government people in regional many such studies it is constantly mak pilot study of this sort, one is happy to do ing. It has, according to the testimony with whatever facilities one can get. That and district offices throughout the coun of the FDA Commissioner before the was the case in St. Louis. To construct a try are frequently moved around like Appropriations Subcommittee earlier permanent NCDA facility, we plan to repro sacks of cement in order to satisfy the this year, 46 highly skilled and trained gram same $3,900,000 from two construction whim of some official who wants loca pharmaceutical chemists and support projects, the St. Louis and New Orleans Dis tions changed without regard to the cost trict offices, which we now consider of lesser to or the convenience of those affected. staff, and is an outstanding installation. priority. The estimated design and construc H.R. 13111, the appropriation .bill for I trust that will not be permitted in tion schedule cannot be determined at this this instance. the Departments of Labor and of Health, time. ExHmIT A Education, and Welfare passed by the Mr. HULL. Would you yield at this point, House on July 31, contains funds for Mr. Chairman? [From "FDA Papers," May 1967] seven additional people to expand the Mr. NATCHER. Certainly. NATIONAL DRUG TESTING CENTER; A NEW work being done at St. Louis, at an addi Mr. HuLL. Dr. Ley, where would you like to APPROACH TO DRUG CONTROL locate the Center and why? (By Winton B. Rankin) tional annual cost of $188,000. Dr. LEY. If it is at all possible, I would like Land has been set aside adjacent to to locate the National Center for Drug Anal The increasing incidence of recalls and the Veterans' Administration facilities in ysis in the St. Louis area. The primary reason other indicators have demonstrated the need St. Louis to build a new National Center is because we are presently operating the for a new approach to control of drugs in for Drug Analysis to put into operation facility with 46 highly skilled and trained the United States. The most important pharmaceutical chemists and support staff. groups of drugs must be sampled and tested on a much broader scale the experience Relocation of the facility outside of the St. according to a plan that gives FDA a statisti gained in the St. Louis Center on a pilot Louis area would probably result in signifi cally reliable indication of the character of or experimental basis. cant losses of these personnel. In addition, the drug supply of the Nation. However, there is now a battle within we already have the land set aside in the St. The need for revised control was shown the executive department over the even Louis area for this facility adjacent to a Vet dramatically in a survey of 20 therapeutically tual location of the new facility. Dr. Her erans' Administration -installation. We ex important groups of drugs conducted by FDA bert L. Ley, Jr., Commissioner of Foods pect to share with them to the greatest ex ir the spring of 1966. More than 8 percent of tent possible the utilities and maintenance the 4, 700 lots covered in the survey were and Drugs, testified before the Appro costs. We believe also that by remaining in found to deviate significantly from their re priations Subcommittee that his agency St. Louis we would lessen to a great extent quired potency. However, the nature of the t believes the new and expanded facility the logistic problems which are attendant to survey does not make it possible to predict should be constructed in St. Louis. But moving a laboratory oriented function and from these data the condition of the total ) I understand that there is a drive within reduce the loss of productivity which can drug supply. I HEW's many and far-flung bureaucra result from a major geographic change. Present calculations show that from 150,- cies to have this facility constructed in Mr. NATCHER. What about the seven peo 000 to 300,000 lots of drugs should be sampled ple? Are they necessary? and examined per year to keep abreast of stead in North Carolina. Dr. LEY. They are necessary, Mr. Chairman, the situation. Further, to determine that TESTIMONY BEFORE THE APPROPRIATIONS in order to expand the analytical capabilities individual dosage units, of important drugs SUBCOMMITTEE of the Center. Our projection of sample anal meet the required standards-as well as com J yses in this facility beginning in 1968 started posite samples representing several units Mr. Speaker, herewith are the com
!( l, \ f 25230 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 waters, Venetians move out to Mestre. The combat activity in Vietnam, and we all or 1,645.2 per week, were wounded in the last city declined in population between 1951 and are certainly 100 percent behind our six months of the Johnson Administration 1968 from 192,000 to 130,000. There are 3,000 Commander in Chief in his efforts to 4~,563, or 1,752.4 per week (about 6 %, abandoned houses and many of the noble bring about an honorable peace in South higher), were wounded in the first six months ~alaces are reduced to slum dwellings. Mov of the Nixon Administration. ing to Mestre, the Venetian has his little car east Asia and to reduce the number of The much heralded "kill ratio" has changed and becomes part of the consumer economy. U.S. combat casualties. dramatically-climbing from 4.81 in the first The tourists flooding through St. Mary's At the same time, we cannot allow our half of 1968 to 5.50 in the second half of Square in the last week of summer are as selves to be lulled into a false sense of 1968, and to 6.73 in the first three months carefree as ever. In that marvelous free space security, a feeling that peace is "just under President Nixon, but dropping sharply surrounded by so much beauty and without around the corner." We must recognize to 2.76 in the second three months under the menace of the motorcar they saunter that there still may be much very difficult President Nixon. with happy abandon. The fa~ade of the ca fighting ahead, and we must be careful The "Vietnamization" of the war however thedral gleaming in the afternoon sun is like has been rapidly accelerated under' President foam frozen in multicolored forms. And the not to judge the whole war by the trends Nixon (if the raw casualty statistics are any bronze horses, looted from Constantinople as evident from only the past few weeks. indicator) . In the first half of 1968 the South ~hey had been looted from Rome, look down Putting matters in longer range per Vietnamese Armed Forces (RVNAF) lost in serene disdain. spective is an article from the August 2 14,117 men in combat, compared to the 9,420 The young are everywhere. Many of them issue of the Armed Forces Journal which U.S. military personnel lost in combat, for are hitchhikers with packs on their backs, points out, among other things, that, a ratio of approximately 3 :2. In the first three speaking every language. The band at Flori months of the Nixon Administration the com an's plays the same gay, schmaltzy music first, the U.S. casualty rate over the past 6 months has, probably contrary to parable figures were: RVNAF-3,579; U.S.- that for a hundred years or more has carried 3,292; 1.09: 1. In the second three months of out over the square. The headlines in this popular opinion, gone up instead of down, the Nixon Administration the figures had curious summer of pause and uncertainty when compared to the preceding 6 dramatically changed-to: RVNAF-13,560; carry the threat of a new cycle of wars. The months; second, there has been consider U.S.-3,066; 4.4:1. water laps over the quays, suggesting what able progress made toward the goal of President Nixon is having no more suc is to come in the high-tide season of late having the South Vietnamese forces take cess than did President Johnson in getting fall. But the crowds are bent on the pleasure over more of the combat burden; third, other Free World forces to take over more of this brief moment. largely as a result of this, the South Viet of the fighting in South Vietnam. During the Venice can be saved. An impressive series last year of the Johnson Administration, the of articles in Oorriers della Serra has alerted namese forces have been suffering much greater casualties themselves; and, "Free World Forces" (othP-r than U.S. and the country to the peril. Determined spirits RVNAF) suffered an average of 18.8 deaths such as Countess Anna Maria Cigona are fourth, the often controversial "kill per week; under President Nixon the weekly leading the fight. Venice can be saved if the ratio"-used by some as a yardstick to average has been 17.9 deaths per week. Ex will is there. With Venice as a symbol, that measure the progress of the war-has cept for minor qualifications the figures are is the question posed for the West in a far declined sharply as a result of all these relatively comparable. larger context in the struggle between the technological present and the historical past. other factors. CRUEL DILEMMA The Armed Forces Journal article The Journal figures underscore the cruel [From the Washington Post, Sept. 10, 1969} written by Mrs. Pamela Canova and military and political dilemma facing Pres $800-MILLION ALASKA CITY Is PLANNED Journal Managing Editor James D. Hess ident Nixon: with little more than a year man, is, I believe, of considerable impor to go before the 1970 Congressional elections ANCHORAGE, ALASKA, September 9.-An tance, and I insert the text of the article he is under massive and constant political Oklahoma company announced plans today in the RECORD at this point: pressure to reduce the U.S. casualty rates by for an ultra-modern, self-contained $800 mil any means possible. If he does so too lion community across Knik Arm from the THE CASUALTY REPORTS: SOME STARTLING abruptly, however-and particularly if there city of Anchorage. STATISTICS is no reciprocal scaling down of enemy forces Tandy Industries of Tulsa, billing its ven (By Pamela Canova and James D. Hessman) - in South Vietnam-there inevitably will be ture "Seward's Success," said it would be the Despite the very recent lull in combat an even greater increase in the number of world's first totally climate-controlled city. activity-and the cautiously optimistic rec South Vietnamese casualties, and a further The year-round temperature will be 68 de ognition of same by top Defense Department drop in the kill ratio. These results could grees throughout the complex. and White House officials-the harsh fact is bring about a political crisis in South Viet Top officials of the firm said at a news that U.S. ·military forces in Vietnam have nam and this in turn could enable the North conference today construction of the first suffered approximately 30 % more combat Vietnamese and Viet Cong to achieve politi section, costing an estimated $170 million, deaths in the first six months of the Nixon cally what they have been unable to do will begin next June. Completion is sched Administration than in the last six months of militarily-win control of South Vietnam. uled in two years. the Johnson Administration. It is not "Mr. Nixon's War," and never was. The first section, with housing for 5,000 And this in spite of the fact tha;t there But the Southeast Asia conflict already is persons, will include a 20-story central build are no longer any U.S. casualties in or over eight and one-half years old, by far the ing called the Alaskan Petroleum Center, North Vietnam; that the U.S. Forces in Viet longest war in U.S. history. And the President plus a commercial mall. nam-unlike those in the earlier days of the knows that, rightly or wrongly, he will be The long-range plan calls for expenditure conflict-are seasoned, experienced combat blamed for whatever happens from here on of .$800 million over a 10-year period, with veterans; that the U.S. now has a firm in in. He knows also that if the conflict is not livmg accommodations for 20,000 persons. country operational base from which to op honorably resolved prior to next yea.r's elec . Although officials would give no specifics, I erate, and has virtually solved many of the tions, both he and the Republican party I it was apparent the developer has at least nagging equipment problems of earlier years; could ta.ke a fearful licking at the polls. ,I partial commitments from many of the in and that enemy forces have been decimated NIXON TAKES ACTION 1 creasing number of oil companies operating <, in quality and in quantity-the official count Recognizing the problem, the President ) in Alaska. of "enemy dead" as 19 July 1969 (the latest Announcement of the huge project came ~as not been standing still. He has already, { statistics available prior to Journal press m fact (1) met with South Vietnamese Pres ~ the day before the sale of leases on 450,858 time) was 531,122. acres of Alaska's North Slope. ident Nguyen Van Thieu on Midway Island ) Transportation from Anchorage to the rev And this also in spite of the fact that the and persuaded him of the necessity for the ~ olutionary city will be by high-speed aerial Nixon Administration has been waging-and RVNAF to assume more of the fighting; (2) ( tramway across Knik Arm, an offshoot of largely winning~n aggressive campaign to followed up the Midway meeting by directing ~ have the South Vietnamese Armed Forces the withdrawal of 25,000 U.S. troops-mostly Cook Inlet waters. There will be no automo take over more of the combat burden. ( biles or trucks in "Seward's Success," a·t combat personnel-from South Vietnam; (3) A Journal analysis of various official source ) least for the initial phases. expressed his "hope" at a White House press ) documents on Vietnam baittle casualties re conference that he would meet and possibly veals that: beat the timetable set forth by former Sec GRIM REMINDER: CASUALTIES From 20 July 1968 through 18 January retary of Defense Clark M. Clifford, who ad 1969-the last six months of the Johnson vocated-in the July issue of Foreign Af GOING UP Administration-the United States suffered 4,894 combat deaths, or an average of 188.2 fairs-the withdrawal of 100,000 U.S. troops { HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS per week. During the period 19 January 1969 by the end of this year and the removal of through 19 July 1969-the first six months the remainder by the end of 1970; and (4) OF SOUTH CAROLINA of the Nixon Administration-the U.S. suf dispatched JCS Chairman General Earle G. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fered 6,358 battle deaths, or an average of Wheeler, USA, to South Vietnam to make an ) Thursday, September 11, 1969 244.5 per week, some 30 % higher than the assessment of the current military situation last six months under President Johnson. and see what else could be done to expedite Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, we have all The relative statistics on "U.S. Wounded" the Vietnamization of the war. been encouraged by the recent lull in are somewhat similar: 31,557 U.S. personnel, All of these efforts have not paid off in im·
) / September 11, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25231 mediate results, however. As The Journal Johnson was in office was 188.2 per week. ing. Without the continued pressure on the analysis shows (see table), the U.S. death The rate for President Nixon's first six enemy by American troops, it is certain that rate during the last six mont_hs President months is 244.5 per week. the enemy's total dead count would have been significantly lower than it was. This TOTAL VIETNAM COMBAT CASUALTIES means that, if all U.S. combat forces are Withdrawn-either from South Vietnam en 1st half 2d half Total, 1st qu~9~9 2d quarter 1st 6 months tirely, or to rear echelon areas within South 1968 1968 1968 1969 1969 Vietnam (as some have suggested)-the enemy death rate can be expected to drop, U.S. combat deaths (all services) ______9 420 4,894 14, 314 3,292 3, 066 6,358 and the RVNAF death rate can be expected RVN Armed Forces deaths ______14, 117 6, 365 20, 482 3,579 17, 139 to climb even higher. Free world forces deaths ______615 363 978 240 13, ~~~ 466 If this happens, the final results could be disastrous. South Vietnam still is not too Total deaths, all Allied forces ______24, 152 11, 622 35, 774 7, 111 16, 852 23, 963 Enemy deaths ______-----_ ------116, 251 180, 171 47, 894 46, 672 94, 566 stable politically. The country has been rav Ratio of enemy dead to Allied dead ______4. 81 6v~~ 5. 06 6. 74 2. 76 3. 95 aged by war for a number of years. Part of the country still is under Viet Cong control. WEEKLY AVERAGE OF VIETNAM CASUALTIES The South Vietnamese forces already have lost (as of 20 July) 91,476 men in the con flict. Additional thousands-perhaps hun Casualty rate, President Johnson's last year Casualty rate to date under President Nixon dreds of thousands-of South Vietnamese 1st half 2d half Average for 1st quarter 2d quarter 1st 6 months civilians have been killed in the war, or 1968 1968 year 1968 1969 1969 1969 murdered by the Viet Cong. (The South Vietnamese Embassy in Washington esti mates the number at between 150,000 and U.S. combat deaths: (a) Army ______227. 5 125. 5 175. 9 167. 2 176. 3 171. 8 200,000.) (b) Navy ______11. 6 6.2 8. 9 9.3 5. 5 7.4 North Vietnam, too, has suffered heavily. (c) Manne Corps ______119.2 54. 5 86. 9 73. 8 50. 8 (d) Air Force ______62.3 Over half a million men (Viet Cong and 5. 0 2.1 3. 5 2.1 3.2 3. 0 North Vietnamese combined) have been TotaL ______362. 3 188. 2 275. 3 253. 2 235. 8 244. 5 killed in battle. Many thousands of others have defected or have been captured by the U.S. (a)wounded: Army ______Allied Forces. Thousands more North Viet 1, 468. 5 795. 9 1, 132. 4 1, 287. 7 1, 222. 7 1, 255. 2 namese, both military and civilian, can be {b) Navy ______68. 8 45. 8 57. 3 78. 8 49. 3 64.1 {c) Manne Corps ______750. 2 364.1 557.1 478. 3 364. 2 421.1 presumed to have died during the U.S. bomb (d) Air Force ______22. 2 7. 9 15.1 14. 8 8. 9 11. 9 ing offensive against North Vietnam. But North Vietnam has a few items on the TotaL ______2, 309. 7 1, 213. 7 1, 761. 7 1, 859. 7 1, 645. 2 1, 752. 4 Non-U.S. combat deaths: plus side. It has received considerable help (a) RVNAF ______542. 9 244.8 393. 9 275. 3 1, 043. 1 659. 2 from the USSR and from Communist China. (b) Free world forces ______(c) Enemy ______23. 7 13. 9 18. 8 18. 5 17. 4 17. 9 And it has been waging the war in the other 4, 471.1 2, 458. 6 3, 464. 8 3, 684. 2 3, 590. 2 3, 637. 2 man's territory. North Vietnam itself has been free from bombing raids now for close Note: 1st half 1968 includes casualties from Jan. 20, 1968, through July 20, 1968; 2d half 1968 includes casualties from July ?1, to a year and a half. It has had time to re 1968, through Jan. 18, 1969; 1st quarter 1969 includes casualties from Jan. 19, 1969, through Apr. 19, 1969; 2d quarter 1969 m· pair its battered supply lines and to mend, eludes casualties from Apr. 20, 1969, through July 19, 1969. somewhat, its broken economy. But most of all, it has a dictatorial regime and an almost The war, of course, has a momentum all its eral public has been led to believe, because of absolute power over its own long-suffering own and Mr. Nixon could not reasonably have press reports about the recent slowdown in citizens which enables it to stifle internal been expected to be able to make any abrupt combat activity-President Nixon has opposition and dissent to the war and there change for at least the first several months achieved considerable progress in turning by, in effect, ignore the military realities of after taking office. He was probably power over more of the fighting to the RVNAF. the situation. less, for most practical purposes, to prevent The South Vietnamese have from the begin AGONIZING DECISIONS the U.S. combat death rate from climbing, as ning suffered heavier losses in combat than it did, to 253.2 during the first three months have the U.S. Forces. The ratio has varied President Nixon, of course, has no such he was in office. During the second three from time to time, however. During the first option open to him. He is responsible to an months of his Administration the rate dipped six months of last year, for example, the intelligent, articulate, and often impatient slightly, to 235.8, still significantly higher U.S. lost 362.3 men per week, the RVNAF electorate. He cannot ignore the casualty than the Johnson Administration's closing 542.9, approximately a 2:3 ratio. During the lists, nor other U.S. commitments, both in 188.2 rate. Whether the July lull is a har second six months of last year the figures ternal and domestic. binger of better things to come still is specu were: U.S. 188.2; RVNAF 244.8; approxi But the President stated unequivocally lative, which probably is one reason Admin mately a 3:4 ratio. that the United States will not abandon istration spokesmen are so cautious in their During the first three months of the Nixon South Vietnam to the Communists. He also assesment of the current military situation. Administration the ratio was 1: 1.09 (U.S.- has stated his determination to reduce U.S. combat casualties, and to let the South Viet PEAKS AND VALLEYS 253.2; RVNAF-275.3), or almost even, for all practical purposes. During the following namese military take over more of the fight The casualty lists, like the war itself, have three months-presumably after President ing. He already has gone far toward achiev followed a peaks-and-valleys configuration Nixon had reached "an understanding" With ing both these ends. He has started in some ' bursts of intense fighting followed by periods South Vietnamese officials as to the conduct respects to de-escalate the war. And the \ of retrenchment and regrouping. In the first of the war-the picture changed dramatic enemy has apparently responded somewhat \ half of 1968, for example, the U.S. suffered ally. The South Vietnamese death rate by reducing the level of combat activity. \ an average of 362.3 deaths per week, almost If the recent lull continues, well and good. \ climbed sharply, while the U.S. death rate twice the weekly rate of the second half of dropped slightly. The rates for the three If it does not, if the enemy once again steps I the year. The lower casualty rate for the month period: U.S.-235.8 men killed per up the pace, the President will have some l. second six months followed, of course, after week; RVNAF-1,043.1, or approximately agonizingly difficult decisions to make. 1 President Johnson ordered a halt to the 1:4.4. STATISTICS IN PERSPECTIVE bombing of North Vietnam and after the LOWERED KILL RATIO \, Paris peace talks began. As grim as the U.S. casualty rate is, the l This also has significant political implica These figures are reflected in the declining figures cannot be taken at face value and I "kill ratio," a sometimes-controversial yard tions. When peace finally does come to must be considered in perspective. In 1968, \ stick used to indicate, very roughly, how Southeast Asia, Democrats are sure to point for example, according to the National Safety out, with some justification, that it was Pres well or how poorly the war is progressing. The Council, some 55,200 Americans were killed kill ratio in the past has been somewhat in automobile accidents; 28,500 were killed ident Johnson, and not President Nixon, who erratic, but not spectacularly so. It climbed, \ started the beginning of the end. (The Re in home accidents; 20,500 in public accidents I for example, from 4.81 (enemy deaths to one publicans, of course, would then counter or accidents connected With recreation, allied death) in the first half of 1968, to 5.50 transportation (other than motor vehicles), also with some justification-that it was in the second half of 1968, and increased, President Johnson who escalated the war in public buildings and natural disasters; and again, to 6.73 during the first three months 14,300 in industrial accidents. the first place, after which the Democrats of the Nixon Administration. During the next would retort by tracing the U.S. involvement More people have died on U.S. highways three months, however, it plummeted to 2.76. since 1909 than in all the wars in U.S. his in Southeast Asia back to President Eisen The kill ratio for Mr. Nixon's first six months hower, etc., etc., ad nauseam.) tory. More Navy men (500), in fact, were in office is an overall 3.95, significantly lower killed world-wide in traffic deaths last year RVNAF LOSSES UP than the 5.03 overall 1968 ratio. than lost their lives in Vietnam. The same Although success in bringing down the The kill ratio takes on added significance is true of the Air Force, which lost 184 men U.S. casualty rate has been less than hoped when one considers that U.S. combat forces in combat in Vietnam in the statistical year for-and probably much less than the gen- still have been heavily involved in the fight- 20 January 1968 through 18 January 1969, 25232 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 11, 1969 but lost 414 men in traffic accidents world sent a detailed laundry list of proposals to as a remnant of occupation. Many con wide in calendar year 1968. Congress during his initial days in office. He sider our Asian policies as Japan's chief Finally, thanks largely to the introduction did not seek to dazzle the nation with fren danger and assert that our presence, far of such items as the Medevac helicopter and zied motion and illusions of miraculous prog from serving to protect them, places them the MUST (Medical Unit 8elf-Contained ress during his first 100 to 200 days in office. in peril of war and possible nuclear dis Transportable) hospital, deaths in Vietnam The metier of the Nixon Administration from all combat causes (killed in action, died has been careful study, thorough planning, a aster. They have reason to fear the very of wounds, died while captured, and declared steady pace and an effort to re-establish cred existence of the bases, aside from the dead from a missing status) were held to a ibility in government. The result has been potential danger of being attacked, since rate of 21.7 per thousand average troop presentation of major legislative proposals the bases store nuclear weapons and until strength per year, according to Army Sur ranging from control of inflation and with recently also held biological agents. geon General statistics. This compares to a drawal from Vietnam to a crackdown on The fact that a great many Japanese rate of 43.2 for Korea, and 51.9 for the WWI! crime and tax reform. In spite of the low do not consider us as their protectors and European Theater of Operations, from June profile of the Nixon recommendations, he has view our Asian containment policies as 1944 (D-Day) through May 1945. In addi constantly gained in public confidence. aggressive and provocative ~oward China tion, the Army Surgeon General also reports By pulling the program together at one the medical save rate (the percentage of time for the governors, President Nixon and other Asian Communist countries wounded who survive after reaching medical should gain even more respect for his ra deserves full consideration. The occupa facilities) in Vietnam is slightly over 97.5 tional approach. The entire thrust of his new tion of Okinawa is based on certain percent, which was the save rate recorded in philosophy is contained in one paragraph of premises about the aggressive intensions his speech-"As we look ahead to the '70s we of the Chinese Government. If these as Korea (the WWil rate was 95.5 percent; the can see one thing with startling clarity: WWI rate 91.9 percent). The record Vietnam there is far more to be done than any one sumptions, which up to the present we medical save rate was achieved, moreover, level of government could possibly hope to have tended to take as given, are found despite the fact tha~. because of the rapid do by itself. If the job ls to be done, a great to be fallacious, as I think they are, then evacuation of wounded made possible by the er part of it must be done by the states and the conclusions which follow from such increased use of helicopters, many mortally the localities themselves, and by the people assumptions may also be invalid. A num wounded personnel-who would not survive themselves." ber of Asian scholars have called for a in any case-now reach hospitals alive, and And the obvious corollary of that concept are therefore counted against the medical complete reassessment of current Amer was the President's warning that there ican thinking : I believe the time is ripe save rate. should be no illusions that there can be fis cal rainfall from Washington to wash away for such evaluation. If anything, the the nation's ills. present situation in Vietnam strongly STATES ADVISED OF ORIGINAL This is what the President called new fed suggests that our adventurism in that ROLE eralism. But, begging his pardon, we do not part of the world needs immediate believe that it is entirely new. attention. It is the same philosophy of federalism I do not think we can blame the Japa HON. BOB WILSON that engrossed the Founding Fathers of our nese if they face political realities in nation and the one that has served the their part of the world and wish to OF CALIFORNIA United States of America well for nearly two centuries. establish normal friendly relations with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the two powerful neighbors, the Soviet Thursday, September 11, 1969 Union and mainland China. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, Presi An unfortunate aspect of our recent dent Nixon's approach to the governing OKINAWA REVERSION POLICY policy toward Japan has been the. U.S. of our Nation and his view of what Fed Government insistence in the la.st few eral-State relations should be differ con years to undo the excellent work that siderably from that of his immediate HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. was done in discrediting militarism in predecessors. OF CALIFORNIA Japan and establishing a powerful, pros perous nation. In view of Japan's past In the accompanying editorial, the San IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Diego Union comments on what it right history we should not be surprised if Thursday, September 11, 1969 ) ly calls "the President's rational ap they do not share our desire to create a I large military establishment and wish to I proach." Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. ,•I [From the San Diego (Calif.) Union, Sept. Speaker, in November, Prime Minister have some control over the weapons held 3,1969] Sato of Japan will be here in Washington in its territory. Yet our Government would have Japan return to its former PRESIDENT REVERSING POWER FLOW-STATES to discuss the question of Okinawa with ADVISED OF ORIGINAL ROLE President Nixon. The results of these militarism so that it could assist us in The flow of power from the states to Wash meetings will have important conse promoting what we consider to be the ington, D.C., has been unprecedented during quences for the future relations of our security interests of Asia, although the decade of the 1960s. two countries. If the suggestions I . am Asians often do no,t agree. This week President Nixon promised the about to offer are followed, I believe that While our Government frequently governors of the United States of America, the outcome could also have an impor preaches self-determination, it seems ( meeting at Colorado Springs, that he intends tant salutary effect on our overall Asian deaf to the wishes of the very people it ) to reverse the tide. policies. claims to support and defend. In spite of It was a frank, realistic speech, one which I strongly suggest that Okinawa revert the possible ill effects to their economy, chronicled the aspirations and milestones of back to Japanese control and that our the Okinawans have shown their support a nation, but also was forthright in analyzing last year for reversion to Japan by elect failures of the past. bases there operate under the same con Central to Mr. Nixon's presentation to ditions as any military base in Japan. ing as their chief executive one who cam stewards of the 50 state governments was If Okinawa does not soon revert to the paigned on a platform of "immediate, the dominant theme of the new federalism, Japanese and the bases are not placed all-out, unconditional reversion." which he reiterated time and again. Wash under the same status as other bases in Again, I repeat that I believe the most ington, the President served notice, "will no Japan, we run the serious risk that this sensible thing to do is to return Okinawa longer try to go it alone. Washington will no may significantly contribute to establish to Japanese control and place American longer dictate without consulting." ment of a Japanese Government un bases there under the identical arrange Perhaps the most startling example of to what can happen if the federal government friendly the United States. Several ments as our other bases in Japan. I forges ahead in assumed omniscience was Mr. public opinion polls note that the Japa think we should recognize that the Jap Nixon's reminder that we have spent the in nese people very much favor altering anese have a right, as any nation does, credible sum of $250 billion in the last five Okinawa's present status and show over to bar nuclear weapons and to be con years for social programs only to reap "a whelming sentiments against free, un sulted when military facilities on its ter harvest of dissatisfaction, frustration and restricted use of the American bases ritory are used for combat operations I bitter division." there. This position is mirrored by three abroad. No nation can be expected to risk Although he has calmly presented a mas major opposition parties and by the in being involved in war, including nuclear sive blueprint of his new federalism to Con creasing tendency of the governing Lib destruction, without participation in the gress and the people, Mr. Nixon has de eral Democratic Party to seek a settle decisions involving its own territory. l liberately avoided an all-knowing, hurried approach to solving the problems before us. ment along those lines. On September 6 A. D. Horne's analy Unlike most of his predecessors during the The Japanese view our control of Oki sis of the Okinawan question appeared last three decades, the President did not pre- nawa and the presence of our bases there in the Washington Post, as follows: { I I / / September 11, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-,SENATE 25233
UNITED STATES IS SEEKING ASSURANCES IT would take is still to be decided, the sources the Chinese mainland less than 400 miles CAN USE OKINAWA AS BASE said. With America's foreign commitments away. (By A. D. Horne) the subject of continuing controversy on Most of the other details now under dis Capitol Hill, the administration is said to be cussion in Tokyo involve money-primarily, Negotiations over the return of Okinawa considering a form of agreement that would the balance of payments effects of reversion, to Japan will reach a critical phase on Friday be submitted to Congress, at least for in and the financial arrangements for trans when Japanese Foreign Minister Kiichi Aichi formal clearance. ferring to Japanese ownership the public visits Washington for a third round of talks Critics of U.S. military involvement over facilities built for Okinawa by the United with Secretary of State William P. Rogers. seas, such as Senate Foreign Relations Com States since 1945. The United States, diplomatic sources said mittee chairman J. W. Fulbright (D-Ark.), The Treasury has sent experts to the is in interviews last week, has offered to meet have been dt'lmanding a voice for the Senate land to survey the balance of payments prob Japan's 1972 target date for reversion of in such nontreaty matters as the renewal lem. These include conversion of the Ryu Okinawa and the other Ryukyu Islands pro of the 1952 bases agreement with Spain and kyuan currency from dollars to Japanese vided ii; can win detailed advance assurances the status of the 1965 military contingency yen-the Japanese estimate of money in cir that Okinawa's giant base complex, valued by arrangement with Thailand. culation on Okinawa is $500 million. the Pentagon at $3 billion, can continue to The United States seeks, and probably will be used as Washington requires to meet In recognition of the Thai and other com mitments controversies here, informants get, a guarantee that reversion will not add threats to security in an arc ranging from to the U.S. balance of payments deficit. As South Korea to South Vietnam. said, both governments are ruling out any secret agreement or "contingency plan" as part of the bargain, the American negotiators Japan, these sources indicated, still resists want Japan to assume the debts of the wa giving explicit advance assurances as part of part of the reversion arrangements. But the domestic opposition to Okinawa terworks, sewage system and other U.S.-built a reversion agreement. Instead, the Japanese utilities on the island. negotiators reportedly are stressing that reversd.on is likely to come from more hawkish quarters. Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr. (D-Va.) at Before World War II, Okinawa was To~yo will cooperate with Washington in any tacked reversion in a Senate speech just be among the poorest prefectures of Japan. Its emergency after reversion in applying to ecOID.omic prospects for reversion are not Okinawa the rules that now govern U.S. fore Aichi's arrival ·for the opening round of negotiations at the start of June. And bright, even if the U.S. bases continue to bases in Japan. pour an estimated $260 million a year into These rules bar the bases' use for combat Senate Minority Leader Everett M. Dirksen (R.-111.) used his syndicated newspaper the economy. The main crops-sugar and unless there is "prior consultation" with pineapples-are heavily subsidized by Japan. Tokyo, and in effect bar the introduction of column in mid-August to argue that the island "is now owned by the U.S. by right Now, however, there are plans to make nuclear weapons. economic use of the island's strategic locr. The nuclear issue, informants sruid, has of conquest" and that "to dilute our control of Okinawa in any way whatsoever might be tion and of the harbors and air strips built not yet been resolved in three months of very inimical to American security." by the United States. One idea advanced negotiations, despite initial reports that the by Japanese businessmen is for an Okinawa United States had decided to remove the Japan, informants said, has promised to expand its "self-defense forces"-a euphe free trade zone, where travelers could pur weapons from Okinawa as part of reversion. chase goods duty-free as they now do in One version has it that the United States mism used because the postwar constitution bars Japan's rearmament-to protect Oki Hong Kong. now seeks Japan's advance agreement to re The separate proposal, made this summer turn the nuclear weapons to the island in nawa after reversion. Japanese negotiators, these sources said, have suggested that the by a Tokyo consulting firm under contract emergency situations after reversion, but to the Japanese government, is for develop other sources dispute this. United States then could send home that portion of its 40,000-man force assigned to ment of Okinawa as an oil refining center for Officially, the United States has never all Japan. Standard Oil of New Jersey already acknowledged storing nuclear weapons on the island's defense. The Pentagon, however, is said to reject this, arguing that all troops plans to build a $55 million, 80,000-barrel-a Okinawa. ~ut their presence is an open on the island are there for regional, not local, day refinery on the island, and Gulf Oil is secret; leftist politicians on the island re building a $39 million crude oil terminal on portedly even have counted 3000 warheads in defense. Since the second round of talks between a nearby islet as a central storage and ship a nuclear census oonducted through collab ping point for East Asia markets. At least orators among the 30,000 rn: more Okinawans Rogers and Aichi in Tokyo at the end of July, discussions have continued there be two other U.S. firms seek licenses to build employed at the U.S. bases. refineries. Another open secret figuring in the nego tween Japanese Foreign Ministry officials and the U.S. team whose key member is Na All this crude oil would come to Okinawa tiations is use of the island's Kadena Air from Middle East sources. Last week, how Force Base for B-52 bombing missions against tional Security Council staffer Richard L. Sneider, technically a temporary "senior ad ever, Japanese geologists reported discovery suspected enemy concentrations in South of a huge underwater oil field in the East Vietnam. U.S. negotiators, according to in viser" to U.S. Ambassador Armin H. Meyer. China Sea near the southernmost Ryukyus formed sources, are asking for language in These talks, the sources said, have focused group, the Senkaku Islands, about 100 miles the reversion agreement that could allow the on details of the reversion arrangements. from Taiwan. Development of these oil de B-52 raids from the island to continue if the One of the issues raised by Sneider, for in posits, with reversion of the Ryukyus, could Vietnam war is still being fought in 1972. stance, is the future of a Voice of America dramatically alter Japan's present role as a The form that the reversion agreement transmitter on the island tha'; broadcasts to $1 billion-a-year importer of oil.
SENATE-Friday, September 12, 1969 The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m. and to falter, and not to fail, as we press on REPORT ON SPECIAL PROJECT was called to order by the President pro ward toward a shining goal, in the name GRANTS FOR THE HEALTH OF tempore. of Him who is the Wonderful Coun SCHOOL AND PRESCHOOL CHIL The Reverend George R. Davis, D.D., selor, the Mighty God, the Everlasting DREN-MESSAGE FROM THE minister, the National City Christian Father, the Prince of Peace. Amen. Church, Washington, D.C., offered the PRESIDENT following prayer: · The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid Eternal Father, strong to save, we THE JOURNAL before the Senate the following message would not cross over the threshold of any Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask from the President of the United States human experience, without the recogni unanimous consent that the reading of which, with the accompanying report: tion of Your existence, power, and pres the Journal of the proceedings of was referred to the Committee on ence. You are invisible but real, quiet but Wednesday, September 10, 1969, be dis Finance: powerful, humble but in command of the pensed with. universe and of history. In our prayers To the Congress of the United States: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With I transmit herewith the report on the especially now we would remember those out objection, it is so ordered. who labor in these historic Chambers for Special Project Grants for the Health of \ the welfare of our Nation, and the world. School and Preschool Children, as pro vided for in P.L. 89-97, Title II, Sec. 206. ' Grant them ·strength for their labors in MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT \ spiration· f6r tneir Souls, comfort in times This report concerns Sec. 532 of the of stress, and" freedom from a sense of Messages in writing from the Presi Social Security Act