10432 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 Black. and nothing comparable to the any been presented subsequent to the before the unfinished business is laid be­ brilliant public service of Senator Byrnes hearings. fore the Senate. that preceded his brief service on the I hope I am mistaken in my assess­ Supreme Court. ment of Judge Carswell. The demands Comparisons are also inevitable with upon the Court during the remainder of ADJOURNMENT TO 10 A.M. two southerners who have been denied this century will be great. It is quite pos­ TOMORROW a place on the Court in this century­ sible that this nominee, if confirmed, Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ Judge John J. Parker of North Carolina might well serve for most of the balance dent, if there be no further business to and Judge Clement Haynsworth of South of this century. This has been a difficult come before the Senate, I move in ac­ Carolina. decision and I have come to have regrets cordance with the previous order, that Dean Pollak, of the Yale Law School. about a system that has subjected three the Senate stand in adjournment until when pressed for such a comparison of of the last four nominees to the type of 10 o'clock tomorrow morning. the nominee with Judge Parker said as national debate that has resulted. Never­ The motion was agreed to; and Cat 2 follows: theless, for me there remain unanswered o'clock and 55 minutes p.m.> the Senate Senator, Judge Parker has been very much questions about the nominee. I believe adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday, in my mind because though I know there is we must seek excellence and require can­ April 7, 1970, at 10 a.m. a variety of view about him and in his later dor from those who are to administer years he wrote a number of opinions with justice on the highest court in our which I disagree, I have always thought of Nation. him as a Judge of very considerable distinc­ I cannot consent to this nomination. CONFIRMATIONS tion, and it has been to my mind a very real question as to whether the Senate was Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate April 6, 1970: not in error in declining to consent to his THE PENDING BUSINESS nomination. But the adjectives you use in AMBASSADORS referring to Judge Parker, the brilliance, the Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ Arthur K. Watson, of Connecticut, to be excellence, the ability that you properly as­ dent, what is the pending business? Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotenti­ cribe to him, are not, I respectfully suggest, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pend-. ary of the United States of America to adjectives that can appropriately be at­ France. tributed at this stage to this judge, the ing business is Senate Resolution 211, seeking agreement with the Union of Walter C. Ploeser, of Missouri, to be Am­ nominee who is now before you. (Transcript, bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Page 248) Soviet Socialist Republics on limiting of the United States of America to Costa offensive and defensive strategic weapons Rica. I supported Judge Haynsworth for and the suspension of test flights of re­ reasons now a matter of record. It is my William D. Brewer, of Connecticut, a For­ entry vehicles. eign Service officer of class 1, to be Ambassa­ view that the senate erred in failing to dor Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of consent to his nomination. While study­ the United States of America to Mauritius. ing the Haysnworth record I was im­ PROGRAM FOR TOMORROW William C. Burdett, of Georgia, a Foreign pressed that detailed briefs were pre­ Service officer of the class of career minister, sented by nationally respected legal Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni­ scholars as evidence of Judge Hayns­ dent, as a reminder to Senators, may I potentiary of the United States of America worth's abilities and, in general, praise of say that immediately upon the disposi­ to the Republic of Malawi. his judicial work in various areas of tl].e tion of the reading of the Journal on DEPARTMENT OF STATE law. Read cumulatively, they presented tomorrow, under the previous order the David M. Abshire, of Virginia, to be an the portrait of a diligent, able and able senior Senator from South Caro­ Assistant Secretary of State. thoughtful judge with a quality in his lina (Mr. THURMOND) is to be recognized U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT work that assured he could serve with for not to exceed 1 hour, following which AGENCY distinction on the Supreme Court of the it is to be assumed that the majority Vice Adm. John Marshall Lee, U.S. Navy, United States. I find no comparable evi­ leader will set aside a. period for the of Virginia, to be an Assistant Director of the dence in the Carswell transcript nor has transaction of routine morning business, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS BOOM IN ABILENE EVIDENCE Abilene, over three-quarters of a mil.. They stand silently at the foot of his sim­ AMERICANS STILL LIKE IKE lion citizens have paused to pay their re­ ple chapel crypt, heads slightly bowed, re­ membering that 35-mlllion-vote smile. spects and ponder the significance of his They visit the adjacent museum to relive work, his life, and how he lived it. Abi­ the drama of the general's longest day, tiptoe HON. CHESTER L. MIZE lene has welcomed visitors to its historic through the library housing his presidential OF KANSAS places with warmth and quiet dignity be­ papers, troop through his boyhood home to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fitting the memory of the general. soak up the atmosphere of an America that was less complicated and more cocksure. Monday, April 6, 1970 Mr. Speaker, on Thw-sday, April 2, the New York Times carried an article about Because Americans by the thousands, still Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, a little more Abilene-1 year after Ike came home to like Ike, Abilene is prospering. Since April 2, than a year has passed since the death 1969, the days of his burial, cash receipts rest. I know all Americans will be inter­ at the several dozen local restaurants, mo­ of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Our former ested in reading this piece for it reflects tels, gas stations and stores have increased President and general of the Army rests some of the reasons why I am deeply 10 to 30 per cent, the biggest spurt since peacefully, his labors done and his ac­ honored and highly privileged to repre­ 1867, when the Union Pacific laid its tracks complishments remembered by Ameri­ sent the citizens of Abilene in the Con­ into town and started hauling out the Texas cans as a testament to their country's gress. longhorns coming up the Chisholm Trail. greatness. The Times article is reproduced as Some of Abilene's 8,500 residents, such as Ike is buried in a simple chapel crypt follows: Ernest Morse, president of the Citizens Bank, at Abilene, the town that he grew up in a.re beginning to use the word "boom" to BOOM IN ABILENE EVIDENCE AMERICANS STILL describe the economic changes. In a recent and remembered through his life with LIKE IKE lunchtime visit to the Chamber of Com­ fondness. Eisenhower Chapel is near the (By Drummond Ayres, Jr.) merce office to get the la.test facts and fig­ museum that contains the personal ef­ .ABILENE, KANs., April 1.-The charisma. is ures. Mr. Morse said, "there's a little boom fects and papers of a life of selfless serv­ still there, even in death. underway. Net worth is up just about ice and dedication to good works. Nearby, In the year since Dwight David Eisenhower everywhere." also, is the Eisenhower boyhood home, was brought back to this old frontier town Other indicators tend to support Mr. typical of the humble origins of many of and lowered into the rich prairie soil of which Morse's view. our greatest leaders and most of Amer­ he always seemed so much a part, more than Two new chain restaurants recently ica's heroes. 782,000 people have come here to pay their opened on the outskirts of town, where the In the year since Ike was buried in respects. big Victorian houses with their wide, grassy April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10433 lawn give way to a scattering of gas stations play all, from Glen Miller and Lawrence Welk the rising flood of imports into this Na­ on the edge of an endless expanse of to Tom Jones and Johnny Cash. tion, gains which are being made at the wheatfl.elds. "The only thing we don't play ls the stuff expense of our own domestic prosperity. In the heart of the business district, a with the bad lyrics about sex or dope. I take Competition is healthy, an open mar­ $140,000 fried chicken carry-out store 1s all that off the air -because the kids ought not shiny glass and plastic amid the drab rows to hear it." ket is good, but the trade policies of this of two-story brick stores and the hulking Whether Mr. Lyon's censorship has had a Nation in recent years have led us gray grain elevators that dominate the sky­ beneficial effect is anyone's guess. Whatever straight down the path from :flourish to line for miles around. the case, the young people of Abilene seem at perish. Thirty-five new motel rooms have just been -times to be almost as conservative as the old We all know about the $7 and $8 added, giving the town more than 350 beds. folks. They do not picket, or wear extremely long billion trade surplus enjoyed by the National motel chains are sending in men to United States a few short years ago-an survey the situation and purchase land. hair, or dress in ultramodern pants and Real estate prices are soaring. A well situ­ shirts. While they rough-house around at the export margin which helped offset large ated business plot that brought $5,500 several local drive-in and hot-rod up and down foreign expenditures for mutual defense years ago was sold a few ween back for the main street on weekends, they commit and foreign aid. $15,000. few serious crimes, stay away from drugs and Today we still continue down the path The prosperity is much welcomed, of father few illegitimate children. of foreign adventure, but our favorable course, though it does not appear to have OLD WEST SPIRIT PERSISTS balance of trade has all but disappeared, been deliberately sought. The most serious breach of youthful con­ and, in spite of number juggling, may Advertisements for the Eisenhower chapel, duct in the last year was the vandalizing of very well have completely disappeared. museum, library and home are subdued and a schoolroom. . couched in unadorned language. Few gaudy Abilene's young people also face censor­ The problem is most urgent-Ameri­ Eisenhower souvenirs are on sale-no pen­ ship at the 40,000-volume local library. A can industry is at a complete disadvan­ nants, no hats, no badly rendered busts. youngster can visit a local bookstore and tage. Our Government has opened the In this respect, Abilene seems to be mak­ buy a paperback copy of Gore Vidal's "My­ domestic market to heavily subsidized ing a special effort to live up to the general's ra Breckinridge," but, unless the library foreign goods without insuring equal op­ strict code of manners and ethics. staff judges him or her "mature," a hard­ portunity for American markets abroad. Rude, brash Abilene, the town whose cover copy of the best-seller can not be storekeepers, saloon operators, gamblers and checked out. I have written the President to urge cowpokes defied even the fast guns of Wild The same rule applies to the current top careful reexamination of our trade poli­ Bill Hickok, is no more. best-seller, Dr. David Rubin's "Everything cies, and urge my colleagues to also give FEW COWBOYS AROUND You Always Wanted to Know About Sex But of their time to deal with this matter. For the most part, only memories and his­ Were Afraid to Ask." Failure to act can only mean certain tory remain. A case of sorts, can be made that a smat­ jeopardy to our already faltering econ­ When the railroad pushed farther west and tering of Abilene's Old Wild West spirit omy-a case in point is well illustrated by south in the early eighteen-seventies, the still exists in a nightclub called the Red this recent article appearing in the Wall herds of longhorns and the wild cowboys fol­ Pussycat. Street Journal: lowed, leaving Abilene broke, exhausted and The club, with a fine collection of go-go quiet. girls and strippers, opened only a few weeks ZENITH To LAY OFF ABOUT 3,000 THIS YEAR, Today the local high school football team ago in the remodeled lobby and ballroom ONE THnu> ARE BLACK; JAPANESE ARE BLAMED calls itself "the Cowboys," but most of the of the old Sunflower Hotel, once an Eisen­ WASHINGTON.-Zenith Radio Corp. said it players have never tackled a steer. On the however favorite. While no call has yet gone will reduce its U.S. work force by about 3,000 outskirts of town, there is one of those re­ out for a modern-day Bill Hickok, the town Jobs this year, and more than one third of productions of an Old West Street. It tries fathers are beginning to show some signs those laid off will be blacks. hard to recapture some of the long-gone fla­ of strain, particularly those who have Joseph S. Wright, Zenith chairman, dis­ vor but succeeds only in roping in tourists' dropped by and discovered just how much closed the layoff plans in a letter to Com­ dollars. fun there ls in a little sin. merce Secretary Stans. The letter was quoted The few real cowboys still around often PATRONS ARE HOPEFUL by Kenneth N. Davis Jr., Assistant Commerce shun the traditional range role, perhaps The other night, for example, one of the Secretary for Domestic and International rightly so. Sometimes they can be found a.t go-go girls went into a choreographic frenzy Business, in a speech to the Electronics In­ the local drugstores, lounging in the ancient that lert her platform rickety, the reflecting dustries Association meeting here. Mr. Davis wireback chairs and drinking coffee instead of mirror broken and her pasties on the floor. said he received Mr. Wright's permission to stringing wire and mending saddles. Many There was a moment of delightful pande­ quote from the letter. wear baseball caps, bib overalls and galoshes. monium. But then the club management In it, Mr. Wright said that, in addition They talk a.bout at lot of things, from in· rushed in, shut off the Jukebox and, with it, to the layoffs this year, when the company's flation to the war in Vietnam, neither of the action. new plant in Taiwan starts up in early 1971 Which is popular here. But, more than any­ As for the strippers, they do not really it will generate 4,000 Jobs "that will prob­ thing, they llke to discuss the feedlot short­ strip. But one of them came to Abilene with ably be lost in this country." He said the horns, that tasty modern-day steer that never a record of arrest for indecent exposure, "most tragic part" is that "due to seniority trades wits with a cutting horse, never fights and hope persists among the patrons of the 38% of those laid off are blacks." In 1968, the the tug of a lariat, never feels the sear of Red Pussycat. Chicago-based electronics concern employed a branding iron and never knows the Joy of A shapely club waitress, Mrs. Jan Haden, an average of 23,000 workers. ruminating on a cud of tough prairie grass. says one need only visit the newly opened Mr. Wright said the electronics industry The atmosphere in Abilene today is de· night spot to find out that Abllenians are "is engaged in a life-and-death struggle" with scribed by Henry Jameson, the town's unoffi­ "the same as everybody else, at heart." the Japanese and criticized the Government cial historian, as "almost the complete oppo· Her supervisor, Mrs. Dick Saffle, is some­ for its lack of support in this struggle. He site of the atmosphere of a century ago." A what less charitable. After a few cross words said the Japanese government substantially baldish former wire service reporter who now with an irate local citizen, she said, "They subsidizes its exports and assists "in keeping publishes the Daily Abilene Reflector-Chroni· said this town wasn't ready for the Red out any U.S. competition that they don't cle, Mr. Jameson paused a moment the other regard as desirable." day, glanced at an autographed Eisenhower Pussycat. Well, every weekend we pack them in, 200 or 300 at a time. It's time the hold­ In contrast, the Zenith chairman com­ picture hanging over his desk, then began to plained, the U.S. Government has shown reflect. outs came out of their dream world and dropped in to see what the rest of the world "little if any interest in our problems." He "We have become a town of moderation," has been watching on television for years." pleaded with the Commerce Department to he said, "and we now see ourselves as prod· "look into this matter and at least stop indi­ ucts of the same environment that produced cating to people that there isn't any signif­ Ike. He is always very much in our subcon­ icant problem." scious and most of us are trying hard to be Mr. Davis said Mr. Wright's sentiments on the sort of solid citizen he was." EXPORTS VERSUS IMPORTS-THE CASE OF FEAST OR FAMINE trade are "becoming widespread here" and Mr. Jameson preaches this same line in the criticized the failure of Japan and the Euro­ columns of his paper. The most recent exam­ pean nations to recognize this. He said this ple being an editorial headlined "Ike, the HON. ODIN LANCEN doesn't represent a "protectionist" view but Moderator." is rather an insistence tha.t the U.S. "obtain The local radio station, KABI, is also a OF MINNESOTA fair and equitable trading terms with other strong believer in moderation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nations." "Our programs," says Doug Lyon, the gen­ Monday, April 6, 1970 The Commerce Department official also sug­ eral manager, "are designed to be 'middle of gested that Oommon Market representatives the road contemporary.' That's our audience. Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, there are apparently misunderstood the U .s. position "We aren't too rocky, not too square. We many who share my deep concern over during informal trade dlscussiOlllS last week. CXIV--657-Part 8 10434 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 "What could be particularly troublesome is pushed solidly and decisively, and it was Alaska is still the promised land of fabulous that there doesn't appear to be recognition exactly what we needed. resources. by the Europeans that there are serious dif­ I'm referring to President Richard Nixon's MISTAKES WON'T BE REPEATED ferences between us that need attention Message on Environment which he sent to now," he said. the House and Senate on February 10, 1970. As guardians of this treasure, Alaskans are The President proposed a 37-point program, determined that the mistakes perpetrated in embracing 23 major legislative proposals and continental United States will not be con­ 14 new measures in five major categories: tinued up north. Water pollution control. Determination is one thing-the money THE MAINTENANCE OF OUR ECOL­ Air pollution control. to carry out that determination is another. OGY FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS Solid waste management. Until recent times, surplus money was as Parklands and public recreation. scarce in the treasury of the State of Alaska Organizing for action. as it is in many of the older states. In 1967, the total revenues for Alaska, HON. HOWARD W. POLLOCK NATIONAL AUDIENCE which has a population of 280,000, were $290 OF ALASKA The President addressed himself directly million. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the municipalities of America that are Slightly more than half of that jUm came polluting our waters; he spoke to industries from the Federal Government. About one­ Monday, April 6, 1970 that are discharging their wastes into those fourth was collected in various taxes within Mr. POLLOCK. Mr. Speaker, recently waters; he spoke to the oil industry and to the State. there has been brought to my attention a the automobile industry; to the electric Then-almost overnight-Alaska had the utilities. He spoke to the manufacturers of necessary funds to back up its determination truly significant speech on a matter of beer bottles and milk cartons, and hair to use its resources wisely and to control its vital' importance to all Americans-the shampoo. He spoke to big land developers. environmental future. maintenance of our ecology for future He spoke to you, and he spoke to me. I'm sure all of you are aware of the North generations. Mr. Willard F. Rockwell, Jr., For years many Americans, and I believe I Slope oil find. chairman of the board of North Ameri­ can number myself among them, have been OIL COMPANIES REVENUE can Rockwell Corp., presented these re­ speaking as often as we could about the Last Fall, more than $900 million was paid marks to the Executives Club in Chicago. vitally important problem of preventing the by a score of on companies to the State of A member of President Nixon's Citizens pollution of the Planet Earth, about the need Alaska for additional leases in the North Advisory Committee on Environmental for a coordinated systems approach to over­ Slope area. whelming problems of Environmental The discovery of the North Slope oil field Quality, Mr. Rockwell has good sugges­ management. tions for our country and makes a strong is just the beginning of similar openings of contribution to the dialog concerning our As a member of President Nixon's Citizens natural resources that will inevitably follow. Advisory Committee on Environmental The State's mineral potential will dwarf environment. Quality, I've had an even deeper appreciation the most fabulous stories of the past. Only Under leave heretofore granted, I in­ of those problems. a fraction of the territory has been thor­ sert Mr. Rockwell's excellent speech in However, at times I felt as though we alone oughly explored for minerals-probably less the RECORD: couldn't supply the necessary push. than one percent. REMARKS BY Wn..LARD F. ROCKWELL, JR., CHAm­ WILLINGNESS TO SHARE COST Therefore, I am convinced that we are MAN OF THE BOARD, CHIEF EXECUTIVE In the past six months the crisis in envi­ about to see in Alaska an inevitable pattern OFFICER, NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL, ronment came to a head. Our citizenry is at toward urbanization and industrialization. BEFORE THE EXECUTIVES CLUB, CHICAGO, ILL., least partially aroused as evidenced by a Alaska is already concerned about the MARCH 20, 1970 Gallup poll indicating a willingness to effects on geography and wildlife of this new way of life. ALASKA: THE POLLUTERS' UNPROMISED LAND shoulder the cost of clean-up. And we now have the national leadership we so desper­ The easily scarred tundra, the delicate Three thousand miles north and west of ately need. vegetative layer of mosses, lichens, grasses this dining room there is unfolding one of and sedges, is already, without man-made in­ the great ecological dramas of our time. We're not alone in coming to grips with terference, in a critical balance with nature. A relatively unspoiled wilderness has come these suffocating environmental problems. Any break in its surface could leave un­ face to face With monumental twentieth It's a global threat. England, France, Swit­ healed scars for years and become a focus for century pressures for exploitation of its zerland, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Japan-all have erosion. As a result, seed test farxns have resources. problems. The West German Government has already been established near the drilling allotted 1.5 bUlion dollars for just one proj­ operations to find suitable cover to replace The state of Alaska is face to face with a. ect-to clean up the Rhine River. man-made problem: How to achieve maxi­ the gouged-out tundra. mum use of its natural resources without We kn')w that it's going to be expensive. Gentlemen, I've been an ardent conserva­ the familiar triple debacle of depletion, pol­ President Nixon, in his message, quoted a tionist most of my adult life. I've fought in lution and disaster. figure of $10 billion alone over a five-year some of the battles, and I've fought them period just for the construction of municipal hard, and I intend to continue the fight. It's not the first time Alaska has been waste treatment plants and interceptor lines under similar pressures. But let me make it clear: I'm not advocat­ needed to meet our national water quality ing we turn the State of Alaska into a fish But now, for the first time, the State has standards. and game preserve. the opportunity to checkmate the twentieth All of us are going to be sharing the cost-­ WELL-DEVELOPED ECONOMY century exploiters and polluters With twenty­ through higher taxes, higher rents, higher first century scientific tools and management fuel costs, higher commodity prices. The only Alaskans are entitled to, and must have, techniques. It has a unique opportunity to thing more costly would be to do nothing. all the benefits of a strong, well-developed use a. coordinated systems approach in plan­ Alaskans a.re a.ware of the waste of natural economy. ning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources and careless pollution here in the They have every right to bring the oil to its future growth. continental United States. They know the the surface, to mine the minerals, to harness In order to appreciate the full significance story of the gigantic cesspools that we call the waters for electric power. They have of that opportunity, let's pull back for a lakes and the horrors that we call rivers. every right to harvest the crops from both moment and survey our own situation here They know about vanishing wildlife. the land and the sea. in the Continental United States But Alaskans have a great opportunity to STATE PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER reassess, before they are locked into rigid Pollution, too, has been more than a word positions, the relationship between technol­ We're faced with environmental disaster. to Alaskans. According to a Department of ogy and the environment. And I'm happy to For more than a century we've done every­ Interior report published two years ago, tell you that they already appear to be re­ thing conceivable to ruin our land for future water pollution in numerous areas is becom­ acting with great responsibility. generations. ing serious. Raw sewage discharge in the Less than three months after the oil lease During this same period, conservationists greater Anchorage area has resulted in gross money was deposited in the banks, the State were crying in the wilderness. Finally, the pollution of Cook Inlet. of Alaska, in conjunction with the United country started to pay attention, and we States Department ot Interior, called a meet­ thought that we had salvaged something. Mining and construction have resulted in ing of experts. But today, the specter of environmental pol­ local silting of streams and concurrent dam­ In essence, the experts were asked by the lution has again threatened our land. Until age to fishery resources. Water discharged State, "What's the best conservation prac­ very recently we seemed to be losing the from sea food canneries, pulp mills and oil tice we can follow here in Alaska? What's battle. producing poses a threat to both stream and the most feasible development course we can But something happened just recently to coastal water quality in the Kenai Peninsula chart? How should we manage our natural turn this whole sorry situation around. and in southeastern Alaska. resources?" Just 40 days ago, we, the people were Despite the offenses already committed Just think about this for a ·moment. 'April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10435 What if this country, a. full century ago, mand and lack of balance, and we're turning the beauties of nature that have been pre­ had been able to make a master survey now to a task of restoration. served for us and future generations by men of all its natural resources? But Alaska is different. The state has been like Floyd Iverson. Better yet, if the country could have acted bruised, but not defeated, 1n thl.S environ­ upon that survey? mental struggle. What if, a full century ago, systems It has an unparalleled opportunity to be analysts, resource and environmental special­ in command of its works. THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES ists, and management specialists had been It has an unparalleled opportunity to stay summoned by the Governors of Illinois, Ohio, in balance. Pennsylvania and New York and been told, It can do so if its people continue with HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN "Here's how our population is going to grow their expressed determination to remain free OF NEW JERSEY over the next century. Here's a. projected pat­ and unfettered from senseless exploitation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tern of industrial growth. We want you ex­ and pollution. perts," the Governors would say, "to conduct It can do so if its people accept the ac­ Monday, April 6, 1970 a complete and precise inventory of our nat­ knowledged heavy cost. Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, a truly ural wealth. We want you to tell us the what, It can do so if it reaches out for the sci­ great nation should encourage and where, and how much of everything. entific and management tools now avail­ "We'll develop the organization," the Gov­ able. strengthen its cultural activities. It is ernors would continue, "assemble the team, Alaska, for generations acclaimed as the ironic that most European countries and prepare the requisite legislation and au­ land of opportunity, offers this entire na­ much smaller than America for years thoritative charters to carry out the plan." tion a last chance to be convinced that men have been much more interested and can control their environmental destiny, concerned about culture than the United IMPORTANT DIRECTIVE that men can inherit the Earth without And finally this most important directive States. This is unfortunate, but it can despoiling it. be corrected with legislation that will which, had it been given and enforced, could Thank you. have saved this nation the present blight probably reach the House :floor this of environmental degradation. "A word of spring-extension and expansion of the caution," the Governors would have said to National Endowment for the Arts and the experts one hundred years a.go, "The Humanities, which was only a beginning. beauty and purity of the land and its water FLOYD IVERSON RETIRES Yet, some day, I believe we will join and its atmosphere must be preserved." other nations who honor and love cul­ The state is most fortunate because there are now available for use in environmental ture, and who have placed it high on and resource control new scientific tools and HON. LAURENCE J. BURTON their agenda of life. A nation that is not new management techniques. These are the OF UTAH rich in culture is like a country without direct outgrowth of twenty-five yea.rs of in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES freedom-it is only half alive. tensive research and development stemming In 1965, when the National Endow­ from the Korean war, the cold war, and the Monday, April 6, 1970 ment for the Arts and Humanities was flight of the Apollo to the Moon. Mr. BURTON of Utah. Mr. Speaker, established, I helped sponsor the legis­ Of direct interest to Alaska ls the !act a distinguished public servant retired on lation, because I believed then-as I be­ that we now have spacecraft for communica­ April 2, 1970, after nearly 40 years of tion, navigation, weather forecasting, crop lieve now-that we should help develop monitoring, and mineral prospecting. duty with the U.S. Forest Service. I refer those important areas. And the aerospace industry in addition has to Floyd Iverson, regional forester of the Mr. Speaker, I believe that although developed management systems !or extremely intermountain region in Ogden, Utah, it is imperative to concentrate much of complex endeavors. since March 1957. Edward P. Cliff, Chief the Nation's efforts in solving the prob­ Most exciting are the new scientific tools of the Forest Service, said of Floyd lems of the cities by reordering our na­ that are now, or shortly will be, available. Iverson: tional priorities, the field of culture ELECTRONIC EYES During h1s years with the Forest service, should not be ignored as in the past. Within a very few years, sensitive, unblink­ Mr. Iverson served with distinction in many Our Nation's defense is vital, but the ing electronic eyes and new photographic varied assignments from Forest Ranger to arts and humanities are also important. techniques will be focusing from satellites Regional Forester. His outstanding leader­ One would not reach this conclusion after on undeveloped areas, such as Alaska, bring­ ship in resource management and adminis­ examining the budget for fiscal 1971, for ing a great technological revolution in ocean­ tration of the 19-forest Intermountain Re­ the record shows that the Federal Gov­ ography, geology, agriculture, forestry, geog­ gion was recognized with a Supervisor Serv­ ice Awa.rd in 1962 and with the coveted ernment plans to spend $40.79 of every raphy, cartography, hydrology, geodesy, and $100 for defense costs in the 1971 budget, other related fields. Bridger Award of Utah State University in 1964. but that only 2 cents of every $100 is They will be prospectors in the sky, lead­ allocated for the arts and humanities. ing to the discovery of new mineral, water The Deseret News, Salt Lake City, paid and food storehouses. They will allow men to Such a disparity is unfair, unwise, and well-deserved editorial tribute to Mr. unsound in a free country. inventory accurately the natural resources. Iverson on April 2, 1970, and I include In forestry and agriculture resource man­ President Nixon deserves praise for agement, it is now possible to classify and the editorial in the RECORD at this point: urging that the amount for the arts and evaluate the extent and health of vegetation WELL DONE, FLOYD humanities be doublted and the late resources. Sometimes an umpire is needed to get President Kennedy also deserves credit In water resource management, it is now things done in all walks of life. for advocating strengthening of the field possible to establish water tables, snow and That was often the role played by Floyd of culture when he said: ice pack, lake and river status, and location Iverson, who is retiring from his Job as Re­ of fresh water in salt water regions. gional Forester with the U.S. Forest Service The quality of America's cultural life is an In wildlife and game resource management, after 38 yea.rs of service. element of immense importance in the scales it is now possible to locate and track major The Forest Service's multiple use concept, by which our worth will be weighed. herds, locate conditions favorable to sup­ which Mr. Iverson has enthusiastically cham­ Mr. Speaker, by extending and expand­ port of animal life, and improve our ability pioned, is essentially an arbiter's Job. For ing the arts and humanities, we can im­ to locate commercially valuable fisheries. the Regional Forester helps decide in his prove the quality of this Nation's life, not A few weeks ago in an issue of the Satur­ everyday job how much emphasis must be only for the present, but for future gen­ day Review, I read the following summation: given to timber production, grazing rights, "With all his gifts, man has been able to eration as well. A nation should be recreation and watershed development. strong in every area if it has the re­ effect vast change, making his life different And who else but an umpire or a diplomat from that of those who lived before. His ca­ could reconcile the differences between live­ sources. We have the resources, but we do pacity for invention and his sense of cre­ stock men and conservationists? Mr. Iverson not have the will and commitment. If a ative splendor have constructed great civili­ helped develop an open-minded policy on country is strong economically, but is· zations. lethargic in culture, the nation is weak­ "But he has never been in command of his which both could agree-one of his topmost contributions while serving as chief of the ened, both in vision and purpose. works. So I hope that when the legislation "He has never been in balance." Intermountain Region. End quote. Moreover, he and other foresters like him reaches the floor, the House will pass the were working on conservation and the en­ bill that calls not only for extension, TASK OF RESTORATJ:ON vironment long before it became popular to but expansion of the program to give Here in the lower forty-eight we have do so. culture in this Nation additional strength almost been defeated by that loss of com- The public owes a debt of gratitude for and encouragement. 10436 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 HOW COMMUNISM IS FARING IN deeply involved here for the next :flve years. a 50-man team headed by GDR Minister of AFRICA Chicoms, Russians a.nd East Germans use the Communications Rudolf Schulze. These in­ capital, Dar es Salaam, and the off-shore is­ cluded trade unions, youth, women in the land of Zanzibar as major arms shipments world today, and, of course, relations between HON. DONALD E. LUKENS depots for southern, central and western Af­ the Ea-&tern bloc and Africa. rican guerrilla. wars. Zanzibar is so riddled Although denying government sponsor­ OF OHIO with training bases that no foreigner--even ship of the conference, the minister of land, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES diplomats stationed there--<;an travel five mines and labor, the deputy minister of fi­ Monday, April 6, 1970 miles from the capital without a special pass. nance and the prime minister himself ad­ Even on the airport road, three training dressed the body. In his speech, the deputy Mr. LUKENS. Mr. Speaker, I would camps can be spotted. minister of finance, Mr. o. Cole, called the like to bring to the attention of my col­ In Tanzania's southern Mtwara. Province, prime minister "comrade Dr. Siaka Stevens" leagues, a most shocking and disturbing South African and Mozambique guerrillas re­ and exoriated "imperialists, colonialists, and article on the Communist activity in ceive instruction and sanctuary. This off­ neocolonialists." "However, notwithstanding Africa. Mr. Richard J. Bocklet depicts limits area is dotted with Mao's propaganda the temporary setbacks in our liberation signs and Chinese advisers are seen frequent­ movements," he remarked, "it shall not be a country-by-country report of major ly. And, although denied by Biafran officials, too long when general Africa will crush the Communist activities. I commend him reports persist that Red China airlifts arms imperialists like bugs." for his in-depth reporting. and supplies into rebel-held areas from Tan­ The ruling All Peoples' party newspaper The Article, "How Communism Is Far­ zanian airstrips. We Yone editorialized at the conference's ing In Africa" follows: ZAMBIA end: "Much as we are prepared to continue How COMMUNISM IS FARING IN AFRICA In neighboring Zambia-which touches on our long-cherished association with our past colonial masters and others, it would be sui­ (By Richard J. Bocklet) Rhodesia. and Portuguese-ruled Mozambique and Angolar-Red Chinese, Russian and East cidal for us to ignore the rest of the After a 10-week, first-hand investigation German experts staff training camps. The world . . ." The consensus of qualified opinion ot Communist activities in Africa, the follow­ Zambesi River between Zambia and Rhodesia is t h t a East Germany has ma.de significant ing picture emerges: has been the scene of sharp attacks and in roads t oward diplomatic recognition here. Reds are cashing in on the Arab countries' counterattacks. And in August, Portuguese GHAN.... struggle with Israel. Heavy sums of economic Foreign Minister Alberto Nogueira stiffly In Ghana, once an important center of aid, armaments and training personnel have warned President Kenneth Kaunda to dis­ poured into Northern Africa since the June Communist a ctivities in West Africa, the Red mantle guerrilla bases functioning there star has ebbed. Marxist President Kwame 1967 war. Egypt, Algeria, Sudan and Mauri­ "under pressure of the Organization of Af­ tania. are the most important sites of Red in­ Nkrumah was ousted by a military coup rican Unity and other external forces." Al­ while on a visit to Peking in February 1966. fluence. And with the recent coup, Libya ready 500 to 600 members of the Angolan might be the next scene of Communist in­ The Ccmmunist Chinese were quickly sent Popular Liberation Movement have received packing, as were the North Vietnamese and roads. training in Zambian camps. East Africa, Tanzania, Zanzibar and Zam­ North Koreans. Although allowed to remain, CONGO Russian diplomatic personnel are closely bia maintain Red guerrilla training bases for watched. the "southern sixth" of the continent. Another Red stronghold is Congo-Brazza­ On the west coast, Russians aid Federal ville. Located on Africa's west coast, this In October 1968 the Ghanaian authorit ies country offers training and aid to guerrillas seized two Soviet fishing trawlers within ter­ Nigerian forces; Red China the rebelllous Bi­ ritorial waters. Looming in the background afrans. No matter who wins, Communists operating in Portuguese Angola and neigh­ boring Congo-Kinshasa. Best estimates say were undertones of a. plot involving elements expect to gain influence. Leftist-leaning of the Ghanaian navy. And a month later Congo-Brazzaville, Guinea and neighboring about 100 Russians and 100 Chinese a.re pres­ ently stationed here. They are working with the Armed Forces commander was arrested Mall provide training camps, arms and prop­ on charges of links to pro-Nkrumah exiles in aga.nda distribution centers in thiS part of some 300 guerrilla trainees in camps about 200 miles north of the capital. London. Reports stated that a. conspiracy had Africa. Down south, in the Bight of Bi­ developed in December 1966 and that the afra, the recently independent Equatorial In Brazzaville itself, a favorite parlor game is estimating which Red group is currently actual takeover date was to be Dec. 24, 1968. Guinea ls a new area of Russian interest. Although the Russian ships and crews were Countries where Reds have lost ground "in." Castro instructors were here for the last several years training the country's Civil finally released, deep feelings remain that the a.nd are closely watched include: Congo-Kin­ trawlers played a role in the abortive coup shasa, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sene­ Guard along the same lines as the Cuban plan. gal, Dahomey, Ghana, Morocco, Central Afri­ Militia. As this leftist force increased its power, however, the threatened military The general opinion here, though, is that can Republic and Tunisia. Nkrumah lacks real support in the military, Communist China, in particular, bas suf­ staged a coup d 'etat a year ago. Since then, Cubans have become quite scarce. intellectual circles or with the masses. Ghan­ fered setbacks over the last two years. A aians a.re deeply resentful of the $I-billion cutback in activities due to the domestic In this bastion of "scientific socialism"­ where Mao quotes a.nd hammers and sickles debt his free-spending regime left them. His strain of Mao's "cultural revolution" and Convention People's party is outlawed and gauche political activities are the main decorate pages of the ruling party paper­ both Russians and Chinese a.re very active. his old enemy, Dr. Kofi A. Busia, has just causes. (In Tunisia, for example, the Chinese been chosen prime minister in a. democratic Embassy frequently issued press releases In August, for example, the Soviets opened a election. highly critical of the government's pro-West $2-million hospital while the Chinese dedi­ stance. Then, when two Chinese ping pong ex­ cated a $5-million textile manufacturing MALX perts seemed more interested in political complex just outside Brazzaville. Although Socialist President Modibo Keita propaganda than the game, the delegation The government maintains no relations of Mali was deposed a. year ago, this West was sent packing. And in Kenya, the Chicoms with the United States, Great Britain or African nation of nearly five million persons stirred up such activity with Mao's "little red Congo-Khinshasa. These countries are its still has a strong Communist presence. An book" that it was finally banned and the Chi­ editorial whipping boys-the first two for estimated 1,000 Red Chinese technicians are nese charge d'affaires expelled.) Also, Na­ their capitalist systems and the latter for building and opera.ting sugar, match, cig­ tionalist China has about 450 agrarian spe­ following them. The Viet Cong, of course, arette and textile factories. The Chicom cialists in over 20 countries. With no political a.re considered international heroes. Anti­ embassy issues weekly progress bulletins; or infiltration strings attached, these aid Western and anti-American sentiment is so Mao propaganda banners and his "little red projects have piled up genuine friendship for fierce at times that travelers a.re attacked book" are visible. Children receive lessons in Taiwan. en route from the ferry landing to Maya­ Marxism, although their content has been Red Chinese aid so far totals about $175 Maya Airport just outside Brazzaville. watered down since the coup. The Soviet Union and the East European million, with over 3,000 Chinese personnel on SIERRA LEONE the continent. Mao's China is officially rec­ bloc have pumped in an impressive $320 mil­ ognized by 12 countries: Algeria, Congo-Braz­ Another Red country pushing hard in lion in aid since 1960, and show no signs of zaville, Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Morocco, Mali, Africa is East Germany. Egypt and Sudan tiring. The Russian-built sports stadium and Mauritania, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, recognized it several months ago. commer­ the omnipresent advertisements of Soviet Uganda and Zambia. Taiwan boasts relations cial representatives and consultants are 10- goods and East German Interflung flights dot with 22. Despite this numerical difference, oated in Tanzania, Zanzibar, Guinea, Congo­ tho capital city of Bamako. however, Communist bases in the dozen Brazzaville, Morocco and Tunisia. It's the job Despite the coup, Soviet-leaning Keit a countries service every area on the continent. of local Africa-GDR friendship groups to aides still bold high positions in the For­ Here ls a. country-by-country rundown on promote trade, cultural exchanges and even­ eign anct Finance ministries. Scores of Rus­ the major Communist activities: tual diplomatic recognition. sian-trained civil servants staff government From July 16 to 19, Sierra Leone--on agencies. And recently, the ministers of social TANZANIA Africa's west coa.st--played host to the welfare and defense paid business calls at t he In Tanzania, on Africa's east coast an est i­ "Friendship Africa-German Democratic Re­ Kremlin. mated 1,000-man team is surveying the 1,200- public Conference." Some 200 delegates from Despite its "positive nonalignment," Mali mile Tanzanian-Zambian Railway. This $250- the United States, the Soviet Union and m a kes no secret of support for the Viet Cong. million project will keep the Red Chinese Africa attended. The East Germans alone sent It was among early recognizers of the VC's April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10437 Provisional Government. But the consensus five ministers were members of the Commu-· Algeria are closely watched; they are given of opinion is this: "Malians are traditionally nlst party's Central Committee, with seven clearly defined assignments with Algerians very pragmatic people. They can take aid others from the party's rank and file. Ex­ calling the tune. from a country one day and turn their back cepting three, the remainder are considerea Despite the flurry of reports of Soviet on it the next. For example, Mall officially anti-West with heavy Red leanings. naval activity in the Mediterranean, the best recognized the Viet Cong government right Explained one diplomat to me: "Prior to information in Algiers ls that there a.re no after the U.S. had shipped Mali about $2 mil­ the Arab-Israeli war, the U.S. pumped $15 Russian naval bases here. Even the famous lion worth of corn and sorghum during a million annually into here; West Germany former French base at Mersel-Kebir is report­ critical food shortage. The ruling clique is maintained three aid groups. To the gov­ edly operated by hired French technicians not a.s deeply committed to the Red bloc as ernment's surprise, all assistance immedi­ and Algerians-but not Russians. the previous regime, and the Communists ately stopped as Sudan broke relations with More important,· though, are the air bases know this." these countries for 'supporting• Israel. Inter­ in the interior of the country. These former GUINEA nally, despite a deep conservative ideology, French airstrips have been modernized and, In neighboring Guinea, President Sekou the Reds, although officially outlawed, were it ls felt, give the Soviets important outlets Toure's Marxist regime felt the tremors of able to function and recruit. The Communist to southern and central Africa. And with the Mali's coup. Recently, security forces rounded party grew to about 50,000 members-the removal of the U.S. Wheelus Field in Libya, up suspected subversives-both civilian and biggest in Africa. And with the complexion Russians gain added strategic advantage. military. Seven high-ranking Army officers of the new government, their work has ap­ But while the Soviet Union is deeply com­ parently paid off." mitted in both Egypt and Algeria, many received death sentences for plotting against Middle East observers think there is inher­ the Toure government. Shortly after taking power, the Revolu­ tionary Council announced its "Socialist ent friction. Commented one Western diplo­ With the demise of Keita in Mali and mat to me: "Communism is alien to the Nkrumah in Ghanda, Guinea is West Africa's course" and condemned "reaction and im· perialism." It promptly dispatched a high· Arabs' religion and cannot be foisted on gov­ last bastion of "scientific socialism." Nkru­ ernment leaders or the masses. The Commu­ mah himself resides in Guinea's capital, level Inisslon to Moscow and established dip­ lomatic relations with East Germany, North nist party is hounded, its members jailed, its Conakry, as co-president with Toure, editing literature closely watched. As far as Arabs a political magazine. Korea and the Viet Cong Provisional Gov­ ernment. are concerned, communism is fine for Viet Both Soviet and Chinese instructors oper­ Nam or Asia but they seem determined to ate training camps here. Among others, An estimated 150 Russian military in­ structors are presently in Sudan with an­ close the doors to it here. Russians realize guerrillas :fighting in neighboring Portuguese this, but continue their handouts valuing Guinea find haven. Extremists of Sierra other 250 technicians working on five hos­ pital projects. The Soviet Union supplied the Arabs' international support as payment. Leone's All People's Congress reportedly were However, amid the political maneuvering armed and trained in Guinea before their Sudan with artlllery and tanks; ships were delivered from Yugoslavia. The Red Chinese, and lavish economic and military outlays, party won power. And observers in Senegal not to be forgotten is the mass of public assert that Red literature filters into their too, maintain an embassy and a trade mis­ sion in Khartoum. opinion across the continent. Recent space country from Guinea. Bordered by Egypt, the Red Sea, Ethiopia, feat.s have won us the admiration of many EQUATORIAL GUINEA Kenya, Uganda, Congo-Kinshasa, Central Africans. Throughout Africa, the United Diplomats in western Africa are closely African Republic, Chad and Libya, Sudan States Information service's Apollo 11 but­ watching Soviet moves in Equatorial Guinea. provides a strategic Red base in central and tons are the vogue. Formerly it was Mao freed from Spanish control in October 1968. southern Africa. Reliable information states buttons. Snuggled in between Gabon and the Came­ that Red advisers staff training and rest cen­ In Addis Ababa, where I was when Apollo roons, its off-shore island, Fernando Poo, now ters for Chad and Ethiopian guerrlllas. At 11 reached the moon, thousands maintained plays an important role in Biafran relief one staging area, Kassala, regular shipments all-night vigils around the USIS Center, flights. of arms and rebels follow the 15-mile route listening and viewing details. As the space­ Russians are sending a 14-man diplomatic into the Eriterean region of Ethiopia. ship landed, they broke all the show win­ dows. But, as a local newspaper commented delegation here. In comparison, Red C.hina EGYPT AND ALGERIA is not represented and the United States editorially, "out of joy and support for the On Africa's north coast, the radical Arab United States, not in protest." embassy has only several people. Observers nations of Egypt and Algeria are also very emphasize that the airstrip on Fernando Poo close to Moscow. Both have received substan­ is especially good and capable of jet-age tial amounts of military hardware-estimates transport. Air rights gained here, it's felt, say $2 billion worth went to Egypt since the would place RusSlian planes within conven­ Arab-Israeli June 1967 war. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE ient distance of any country in western or Associating the United States with Israeli central Africa. victory, Arab leader President Abdel Gamal LmYA Nasser looked eastward for support. Ship­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. In September the 18-year reign of con­ ments of tanks, planes, artillery, radar and OF CALIFORNIA servative King Idris I was ended by a left­ advanced weaponry arrived. Also, some 4,000 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wing military coup. The immediate areas of milltary and technical advisers poured in to concern were the $1-billion worth of private modernize Egypt's army and defense system. Monday, April 6, 1970 American oil investments and the Wheelus Several hundred members of the Egyptian Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ Field Air Base. The $100-million base, staffed Air Force were trained in Moscow to pilot by about 2,500 U.S. airmen, will be closed by Soviet-supplied MIG-21s and supersonic er, as I have for the past several years, December 1971, it was learned. Shutting Sukhoi-7 jet fighter-bombers. I am providing herewith for public scru­ down British bases at Tobruk and El Aden More recent events foreshadow even greater tiny full information regarding my in­ is to follow. So far, payment for these invest­ Soviet influence. Last June, President Nasser come for the past year and my personal ments have been guaranteed. switched Air Force commanders in favor of financial holdings. Qualified observers see two developments a general just back from training in Moscow. My personal income for the past year taking place: First, the Communist bloc will Just a month before, reliable sources say, included my congressional salary of try for trade inroads. Military a.id will be of­ Czechoslovakia delivered around 100 amphib· fered to replace the British and American ious armored personnel carriers. And, in an $39,374.98, miscellaneous income from pullouts. The Communists will capitalize on apparent policy shift, the Soviet Union has speaking engagements of $2,348, a long­ intense nationalistic feeling here and dis­ been shipping pontoons and other material term capital gain of $750 on the sale of credit the United States as an important needed for canal crossing. The supply of about $3,000 in stock, and $1,000 in inter­ supporter of Israel. fighter planes has also been speeded up. est income, for a total income for 1969 Second, under a. "Socialism, Unity, Free­ On August 4, Israeli Defense Minister Moshe of $43,472.98. dom" banner, Libya tips the balance in the Dayan charged Soviet personnel with actu­ I own 1,000 shares of stock in Monarch 14-member Arab League toward the radicals. ally planning and directing Egyptian attacks. & Already a prime contributor to Arab defense "To my regret there has recently been some Savings Loan Association, worth about (about $100 million annually). Libya could operational advice. If in the past they dis­ $20,000. well increase its payments, permitting tributed arms and told the Egyptians how I own a home in the District of Colum­ heightened Arab guerrilla activity. There's to use them, Soviet experts now tell them bia in which I have an equity of about also a possibility it will permit training what to do. They not only build fortifications $17,000. bases. All this presents a dim sight to pro­ and teach them how to operate a cannon, but I own an unimproved parcel of real west Tunisia, sandwiched in between the they say 'you must now do this at such and estate in my congressional district in radical Algerian and Libyan regimes. such a time and in such and such a place.' " which I have an equity of about $4,000, SUDAN But this close Russian-Egyptian relation­ ship has left Algerian officials wary. While and I own a half interest in another un­ To the north, in Sudan-the largest na­ welcoming their estimated $250 million improved parcel of real estate in my dis­ tion on the continent-an Army-led coup worth of Soviet military equipment, they trict in which my equity is about $15,000. d'etat last May ushered in a leftist Revolu­ want to keep operational procedures in their I have no other real estate holdings. tionary Council. Of this 24-man ruling body, own hands. The 3,000 Russian technicians in My total assets are less than $100,000. 10438 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 GETTING THE LEAD OUT they're available, and some companies feel of 51 % of income compared with perhaps the lead-free fuels will cost us more than 15 % for the average non-draftee of the same what we're paying now. age. HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON If you can accept the idea that the power In World War II, the commission pointed to tax is the power to destroy, there may be out, when 16.4 million men served in the OF CALIFORNIA some merit in the idea of raising the tax on armed forces, that was only 12 % of the total IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all gasoline with lead, and cutting the tax for population, 17% of the adult population and Monday, April 6, 1970 lead-free gas. This would give all of us a 56 % of the adult male population between compelling reason to use the "clean" fuels, 18 and 45. "Not everyone eligible to serve Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. and discourage us from buying cars that can does so," the commission said, even in such Speaker, getting the automobile man~­ operate only on hi-test. a global war. facturers and the oilmen to combat air KNBC supports the idea of heavy t axation "Defenders of conscription often argue pollution by getting the lead out of the of gasoline containing tetraethyl lead. that every young person has the duty to serve his country . . . The real question is combustion engine has been slow and not whether young people have such a duty, plagued with an apparent lack of effort. but whether the duty does ::10t extend to the At long last, however, it appears that entire populace. Is it right and proper that these two groups are taking steps in an FAVORABLE COMMENTS ON THE a. large tax be confined to a small fraction of effort to help cleanse our air. VOLUNTEER ARMY CONTINUE our young able-bodied males in order to re­ Since the American public has put lieve taxpayers in general from having to its support behind antipollution meas­ pay higher taxes?" ures automakers and oilmen have said HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER The commission concluded its discussion OF WISCONSIN on this point by saying: "It ls hard to that' tetraethyl lead, a gasoline addi­ imagine a means of imposing the cost of de­ tive which contains harmful polluting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fense, or any other government activity for ingredients, can soon be eliminated from Monday, April 6, 1970 that matter, more in conflict with accepted auto fuels. It is interesting to note that standards of justice, equality and freedom only a few months ago both automakers Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. in the Unite<.:. States" than conscription. and oilmen had stated that the removal Speaker, sometime before the Selective A study of the commission's report will of lead was not possible in the immedi­ Service law expires next year, Congress convince any open-minded citizen, we be­ ate future. Now, both groups have re­ must decide what to do about the mili­ lieve, that this distinguished body is correct versed their earlier positions. Automen tary draft. While further reform of the in recommending a.n all-volunteer armed present law is a possibility, I am con­ force. If you want to go into the matter now say that 1971 cars will be able to deeply, send $1.25 to the U.S. Government run on unleaded gasolines and the oil­ vinced-as are many of my colleagues­ Printing Office, Washington, and ask for a men now say that lead-free fuels will be that the most desirable solution is aboli­ copy of the commission report on the all­ available. tion of the draft and the institution of an volunteer armed force. Burbank television station KNBC all-volunteer army. Happily, this idea pointed out this reversal in an edito1ial has won increasing support since the [From the Evening Star, Apr. 5, 1970] broadcast on March 9, 1970. The edi­ Gates Commission released its report THE DRAFT WEA ATTRACTS LITI'LE ATTENTION torial goes further, however, by offer­ in February recommending that a volun­ (By James J. Kilpatrick) tary force be created. ing additional steps which the station It is altogether remarkable when you con­ believes are necessary to alleviate pollu­ Several news articles from various sider the bitter turmoil surrounding the tion and by also suggesting a method for papers reflect this favorable sentiment. draft, how little attention has been pa.id to encouraging the public to use lead-free What is to me most interesting is the a well-reasoned proposal for ending it. Six gasolines. Because it offers information Plymouth Review's statement that a weeks have passed since the President's Com­ and suggestions worthy of considera­ thorough reading of the Gates report mission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force convinced the editor that past opposition brought in its unanimous report, but noth­ tion, I submit the editorial for publica­ ing has come of it pn Capitol Hill. tion in the RECORD. to a volunteer army was unjustified. In the words of the Review: • Not even the young people seem aroused. A The KNBC editorial follows: college editor who sees dozens of campus A study of the commission's report will con­ newspapers says the all-volunteer idea has GETTING THE LEAD OUT vince any open-minded citizen, we believe, It's beginning to look as if the auto and evoked scant discussion. Some of our young that this distinguished body is correct in men, it appears, are less interested in solving oil industries have the tetraethyl lead situ­ recommending an all-volunteer armed force. ation nearly solved. After several months of their problem than in yelling about it. But public sparring, to keep from being accused At this point, Mr. Speaker, I want to one of the facts of political life ls that only a of a conspiracy, the automakers have an­ include the Plymouth, Wis., Review edi­ squeaky wheel gets grease; the commission's nounced that most 1971 cars can be delivered torial, James Jackson Kilpatrick's article proposal will surely die unless it attracts ready to use unleaded fuel. And the oilmen more support than it has drawn thus far. from the Washington Star, and William The commission has recommended noth­ now say the fuel will be ready when the cars F. Buckley's viewpoint as presented in a.re. ing that is revolutionary or even novel. Un­ This is quite a step forward for them, The Paper in Oshkosh, Wis.: til 1948, the United States always had relied but it's an even bigger step forward for the [From the Plymouth Review, Mar. 26, 1970] upon a voluntary armed force except for major wars. What the commission is urging rest of us. We could debate the health haz­ COMMISSION MAKES STRONG CASE FOR is simply that we return to tradition: Let us ards of tetra.ethyl lead, but no one will say ALL-VOLUNTEER ARMED FORCE put our first reliance upon regulars who it's good for us. Is an e.ll-volunteer armed force a good serve by their own free choice. There's another advantage of getting the thing for the country? We didn't used to Is the idea feasible? The commission is con­ lead out that seems to have been lost in the think so. It seemed to us that we should vinced that it is. In recent years we have be­ shuffle. For several years now, a number of always have some draftees, to leaven the loaf. come so accustomed to the draft that a no­ researchers have been working on a device After going through the full 211-page, re­ tion has taken hold that all servicemen are known as a. catalytic muffler. It works like port of the president's commission on the the victims, directly or indirectly, of General any other muffler, except that it also con­ subject, however, we have changed our mind. Hershey's press-gang. This isn't so. All regu­ tains chemicals which change harmful hy­ The most telling blow against the draft, or lars with more than four year's of service- drocarbons a.nd oxides of nitrogen from the conscription, we felt, was contained in one 38 percent of the total-are true volunteers. engine exhaust into non-harmful gases such word: "discrimination." Roughly half of the 500,000 men who enlist as carbon dioxide and free nitrogen. With The draft, the commission said, is highly each year also take up arms regardless of the this kind of muffler, cars can meet our air discriminatory and constitutes an actual, ex­ draft. purity needs. cessive tax on those forced to serve. What this means, in the commission's view, There are several more steps we'll have to "In a political democracy," the report is that the problem of maintaining a stable make, including a mandatory inspection pro­ said, "conscription offers the general public force of, say, 2Y2 million volunteers ls not gram and perhaps even a mandatory change­ an opportunity to impose a disproportionate nearly so difficult as many persons have as­ over program, so that all cars use these ex­ share of defense costs on a minority of the sumed. Such a force can be achieved "by im­ haust purifiers. population." proving pay and conditions of service suffi­ But there's one immediate problem in all That minority is not black or white-it's ciently to induce approximately 75,000 addi­ this for state and local government. As things the young who happen to be chosen, the tional young men to enlist each year from stand now, there's no real compulsion for commission noted. In effect, the commission the 1,500,000 men who will annually turn 19." people to buy unleaded gasolines when calculated, the draftee pays taxes at a rate These inducements, granted, would cost a April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10439 great deal of money. A basic pay increase ize him, if you wlll. In the great debate on TRUTH ABOUT THE OIL SPILL IN alone would run to $2.7 billion a year. But what was then called "universal military THE G.ULF OF MEXICO OFF THE the commission advances cogent arguments training" in the late forties, President Tru­ in support of this pay boost, no matter what man fought to clinch the case in favor of COAST OF LOUISIANA becooes of the all-volunteer idea. In simple conscription by saying proudly. "Look, I've equity, our servicemen have a raise coming. served in the military, and look what it did The commission recommends that base pay for me!" That was not ta.ken by the public HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT for personnel in the first two years of service as a conclusive argument in favor of UMT, OF LOUISIANA be hiked from $180 a month to $315 a mont 'l, but a.long came Korea, to make the argu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with comparable increases for young officers. ment academic. Suppose, for the moment, that such a pay Abolitionists of conscription must con­ Monday, April 6, 1970 scale proved effective in terms of an all­ cede a couple of points to the opposition. It Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, much has volunteer force. Is such a force desirable? is true that a professional mmtary class is On this point, reasonably minded men may less desirable than, say, a militia. Arguing been said and written about the recent disagree. It is objected, for example, tp.at the point in the Federalist Papers, Hamil­ oil spill off the coast of Louisiana in the "volunteer" is no more than a pretty word ton wrote, "There is something as far fetched Gulf of Mexico, but truth about the situ­ for "mercenary." Many critics have specu­ and so extravagant in the idea of danger ation is lacking from most accounts. lated that the requisite pay scales would be to liberty from the militia, that one is at a I am sure that most of the things so attractive to low-income blacks that a loss whether to treat it with gravity or with which have been said or written have disproportionate number of Negroes would raillery; whether to consider it as a mere been done so with the proper motives, wind up in military service. There is some trial of skill, like the paradoxes of rhetor­ however, by not revealing the actual fear that a large professional army would icans; as a disengenuous artifice to instill pose a threat to civilian government. prejudices at any price; or as the serious off­ situation much harm has been done. The commission marshals effective re­ spring of political fanaticism." For that reason, it is imperative that sponses to all these objections. Nothing to But the virtues of the militia-which, like I bring to the attention of the Members the nation's history, prior to 1948, suggests Switzerland's, stays and works at home ex­ of Congress and the general public a that an all-volunteer service is significantly cept when in training, or when engaged in resolution passed by the Plaquemines different from a force composed of mixed reg­ duty-are transferable to an army which Parish Commission Council, which is the ulars and conscripts. Negroes presently make needs, let us say, to keep 300,000 men in only parish which could be affected by up 10.6 percent of the armed forces; they west Europe. And the question is whether the oil spill. might constitute 15 percent of an all-volun­ such as they should be volunteers, or con­ teer arrangement--hardly enough to have it scripts. I am as concerned as anyone else said that whites were hiring blacks to de­ The other objection, less often stated, is about oil spills and pollution of our wa­ fend the country for them. that things being as they are, inevitably the ters. The news media and individuals From the military standpoint, the concept army will emerge much higher than 10 per who have discussed at length the oil spill holds great attraction. While most draftees cent black. The objection is raised not be­ in the gulf have accomplished the op­ accept military service philosophically and cause there is anything undesirable about posite of their objectives. become good soldiers, others spend their time the black fighting man. But because we will They are destroying the market for fomenting dissension. The rate of re-enlist­ have come up with what will strike many seafood from this area of the country ment among conscripts is much lower than as a mercenary army, collected from those and at the same time are jeopardizing the rate among "true volunteers,'' which ghettos fostered by our system, and utilizing means that thousands of expensively trained the victims of those ghettos who are now the livelihood of thousands of people in men must be replaced every year. In war, as invited to protect with their lives their white the area who work in the oil and service in most of the brutal games men play, ex­ brothers wl:\o make life intolerable for them company industries. perienced professionals are better than at home. The monumental amount of publicity fresh-caught recruits. I grant this is caricature. But so a.re the which resulted from the oil spill left the All this makes sense to me. The idea ought rantings of Herblock-precisely because the impression that Louisiana seafood prod­ to make sense also to the millions of young world is full of men and women who seek ucts, particularly oysters, have-been seri­ men who now suffer financial loss and per­ to hobgoblinize and, if at all possible, to dis· sonal disruption by reason of the draft. honor the motives of America. (There is a,b­ ously affected. The truth is there is no What are they waiting for? If they don't get solutely no doubt that tomorrow's economic evidence of oyster contamination at this behind the concept of an all-volunteer serv­ textbook will be saying that in the post­ time and little or no evidence of serious ice, no one else is likely to push the con­ Vietnam age. America solved its unemploy­ damage to other seafoods or wildlife. cept for them. ment problem by recruiting a highly paid The resolution I am inserting will ex­ volunteer army.) plain the situation clearly. I am greatly [From the Paper, Mar. 12, 1970] How does that add up? Surely we should concerned for my constituents in this end conscription, and the sooner the better. area of Louisiana who work in the sea­ Mn.ITARY CONSCRIPTION SHOULD END The additional cost is easily compensated for food and oil industries, and it is im­ (By William F. Buckley) in a fairly short run by the economic pro­ ductivity of those who do not enter the army, portant to all of them that the record It is going to require a considerable act of be set straight. will to put into effect the recommendations and therefore remain home and pay taxes. of the Gates Commission as we turn gradu­ And, in the long run, by the lowered cost Where livelihoods of individuals are ally over the next year and one half in the of training-the fruits of professiona.Uzation. concerned, there is no room for mislead­ direction of an all-volunteer army. The Sen­ Meanwhile, we shall have asserted once a.gain ing and irresponsible statements, such as ate Armed Services Committee doesn't much our devotion to the principle that that which those coming out of this oil spill contro­ like the idea, and went so far as informally is not required of a citizen, he should not be versy. to reject Mr. Nixon's proposed successor to compelled to do. We cannot get a more accurate pic­ Gen. Hershey because of his undiluted en­ ture than the one which is set forth by thusiasm for the idea. the Plaquemines Parish Commission On the American scene in general, the Council because they are there and are libertarians and conservatives are in favor of MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ the all-volunteer military because we believe on top of the situation. in the presumption of voluntariness in all HOW LONG? For that reason, I highly commend its things. The left-liberals opposed conscrip­ resolution to the Members of this body, tion less because of their attachment to in· and to the general public, with the plea divldual freedom than because they see here HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE that its words be read carefully: an opportunity to deflate the military. OF IOWA RESOLUTION In between is a large group of people whose IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES objections are, roughly, in two parts. On the Whereas, prior to the discovery of oil, gas one hand, they argue that there is a great Monday, April 6, 1970 and other minerals along the coastal areas of Louisiana, and in particular along the ooastal danger in a typically military class. That Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child the opportunity might then come to the area of Plaquemines Parish, the principal in­ military class to dominate the civilian ex­ asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: dustry was the production of oysters, shrimp ecutive and even, as they do on Mondays, "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my and other sea.fOOd and the seafood industry Wednesdays, and Fridays in Latin America., husband alive or dead?" is now and will be a major source of income take over the government. and food for our people after an of mineral Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ production has been depleted, and therefore, An additional argument is the notion that tically practicing spiritual and mental this industry must be protected and perpetu­ military training is good for any young man, genocide on over 1,400 American prison­ ated; and and that moreover it does something to in­ ers of war and their families. Whereas, during the pa.st 30 or more years corporate him into America-to American- How long? we have witnessed the tremendous economic 10440 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 growth o! all o! the coastal areas of Louisi­ GOLDBERG AND CARSWELL Thurgood Marshall, was serving on the fed­ ana., principally because o! the discovery and eral bench at the time of his appointment, development of minerals; and so it cannot 'be said that he had no judicial Whereas, during all of this time, minerals HON. JACK EDWARDS experience. But before his appointment to have been discovered and produced in the OF ALABAMA the bench (and previously to the post of U.S. midst of our productive sea!ood estuaries, soli-citor genera.I), he, like Goldberg, had and although problems have existed between IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made his reputa..tion primarily in the repre­ the seafood and mineral industries, these Monday, April 6, 1970 sentation of one special interest--civil rights problems have generally been satisfactorily groups. The only opposition to his confirma­ solved through the efforts of state and local Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. tion was dismissed as motivated by Southern interests and the producing Companies so Speaker, the self-acclaimed altruists of racism and was trampled down. that the seafood industry has survived and the other body have drawn up a long list Without any comment at all on their per­ prospered and at the same time hundreds of of qualifications which they-in their formance on the Supreme Ooui,t, the point millions of dollars in minerals have been :infinite wisdom-have determined should ls that each was the appointee of a. "liberal" produced providing thousands of jobs and be applied to Supreme Court Justice president, and that while ea.ch had factors millions in revenues to our state; and presumably weighing against nomination for Whereas, when it beoame evident that min­ nominees. They point to the present and service on the highest court in the land (lack eral production would extend from our estu­ past members of that august Bench and of judicial experience or close identification ary or bay areas into the open waters, the say that this fine history of highly quali­ with special interests), s.11 were routinely ap­ Federal Government confiscated our histori­ fied men cannot now be tarnished by proved. cal bays, lakes and inland waters within such "political" nominations as Judges And now here oomes Goldberg ,to say that Louisiana's historic boundary and now dic­ Clement Haynsworth and Harrold Cars­ Judge Carswell is "not fit." tates the development Of these areas with well. We wondered what our reaction had been endless regulations and fiats to the degree to Goldberg's own nomination, a..nd checked that the production of minerals in this e.rea However, many of these holier-than­ the files. is fa.st becoming uneconomical which will thou gentlemen have short memories. "The obvious thing to say of President eventually force oil companies to search for It was only quite recently that present Kennedy's appointment of Arthur J. Gold­ oll in Ala.ska or in foreign countries, thus Justices Byron White and Thurgood berg to the Supreme Court is that here is seriously affecting the economy of Plaque­ Marshall and former Justices Arthur another case of political reward,'' The mines Parish and all of the coastal areas of Goldberg and Abe Fortas were confirmed Birmingham News said editorially on Augusit Louisiana which will result in the loss of by the Senate. The following editorial 30, 1962. "Mr. Goldberg has no previous judi­ employment to thousands of our people; and from the Birmingham, Ala., News suc­ cial experience. He is known exclusively as Whereas, at the same time the U.S. Govern­ an attorney dealing with la..bor union mat­ ment permits eastern and midwestern indus­ cinctly points out some very important ters. tries to barge deadly materials down the observations on the matter. I highly rec­ "Yet if this yard.stick is to be the major Mississippi River and dump them into the ommend it to my colleagues: criterion in measuring capacities of promise Gulf which causes infinitely more damage to [From the Birmingham (Ala.) News, of Judges, one could conclude only that the our seafood and environment than an occa­ Mar. 26, 1970) American judicial system is rife with in­ sional oil spill could conceivably cause, and GOLDBERG AND CARSWELL competency. The opposite is the case ... Whereas, raw sewerage and other materials "Presidents, of e1ther party, do name on harmfUl to aquatic life flow from other areas We hadn't intended commenting again basis of politics. But they also have shown a. down the Mississippi River into Plaquemines so soon on the Carswell nomination. He will considerable feeling for what lies within a Parish daily causing untold damage to our or won't be confirmed by the Senate for rea­ man. There are exceptions, but agree or dis­ fisheries and wildlife and serious concern for sons having little to do with his qualifica­ agree with judicial histories or opinions, the our potable water systems; and tions, and there is not much anyone can overwhelming majority of Supreme Court say which ls going to have much lnfl.uence Justices have been men who served well, Whereas, the widespread. publicity of al­ with the so-called "liberals"-who are any­ leged contamination by the recent oil spill off thoughtfully, and contributed to creation of thing but--who have decided that the Presi­ a spirit of justice." Chandeleur Islands has seriously affected the dent of the United States has no right to market for Louisiana seafood products, par­ Lt seems to us that President Richard appoint a. conservative, strict constructionist Nixon is entitled to the same presumption ticularly oysters, whereas, in truth and in judge to the court. fact there is no evidence o! oyster contami­ of good faith and careful consideration of We hadn't, as we said, intended to com­ qua.Iifica.tions of Supreme Court nominees nation at this time and little or no evidence ment again-but it is impossible to let pass of serious damage to other seafoods or wild­ that President John F. Kennedy was entitled without note the Judgment by former to (and got). It seems to us that G. Harrold life, and Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg that Whereas, there are those who would claim Carswell (and Clement Haynsworth before Carswell is "not fit" to serve on the high him) ls entitled t.o the same benefit of the that this oil sp111 incident is a major disaster, court. the truth is that the disaster is being caused doubt rtha.t Whizzer White, Abe Fortas, Thur­ This ls Arthur Goldberg, whose nomina­ good Marshall and-yes-Arthur Goldberg by the do-gooders and news media who tion to the Supreme Court by President would destroy the market for seafood while got. John Kennedy was confirmed by the U.S. The anti-Carswell (really, anti-Nixon or professing to protect these interests and alt Senate--including many of the same men the same time jeopardize the livelihood of anti-strict construotlonist) forces' desperate who now oppose Carswell-without a dis­ effort to block him not only smears a. man thousands of people working in our area in senting vote, despite the fact that Gold­ the oil and service company industries; and who, if confirmed, inevitably will carry with berg had not had one day o! Judicial experi­ him to the high court some o! the stain of Whereas, the Parish of Plaquemines is the ence and despite the fact that his whole doubt, not only cheaipens and further erodes only Parish which could conceivably be af­ career had been devoted to serving as lawyer public confidence in one of the basic foun­ fected by the current oil spillage so that the for a special interest-organized labor, spe­ dation stones of our system of government-­ contamination problem affects only our area cifically the United Steel Workers and the it is directly opposite to the treatment Which and none other; AFL-CIO. (These a.re the same senators who "liberal" nominees of at least equally ques­ Therefore: Be it resolved by the Plaque­ accused Judge J. Clement Haynsworth of tionable qualification received. mines Parish Commission Council that it "conflict of interest.") Has Goldberg forgotten? Have the sena­ calls upon the federal agencies, particularly Many of these senators, it might be added, tors who voted to confirm him forgotten? Or the Interior Department and the news media were in the Senate when the other of Presi­ has their sense of fair play been blunted by to proceed with reason and to correct the dent Kennedy's Supreme Court nominees, pettiness and "liberal'' dogmatism? many errors which have been created in the Byron "Whtzzer" White, was confirmed­ minds of the public, so that the economy of again, without a dissenting vote. Like Gold­ our area will not suffer from the cries of berg, White, then an assistant to Attorney outsiders who should be more concerned with General Robert Kennedy in the Justice De­ ANN ARBOR HOCKEY TEAM solving problems of direct national concern partment, had not a single day of judicial than attempting to make a whipping boy out experience. of the oil Industry which has contributed so Even more o! the senators who opposed HON. MARVIN L. ESCH much to our economy while living side by Haynsworth and now oppose Carswell had OF MICHIGAN side with the great seafood industry of our come to the Senate by the time President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a.re a. Lyndon Johnson made h1s first appointment I hereby certify the a.bove and foregoing to 1io the Supreme Court-Abe Fortas. Like Monday, April 6, 1970 be a true and correct copy of a resolution Goldberg and White, Fortas had a reputation Mr. Mr. adopted by the Plaquemines Parish Commis­ as a lawyer, but had no Judicial experience ESCH. Speaker, from time to sion Council at a meeting held at its office wha..tsoever. He was better known as a po­ time I think it proper to give special rec­ in the Courthouse, Pointe a la Hache, Louisi­ litical associate of the President. Like the ognition to athletic teams of distinction. ana, on March 26, 1970. other two, Forta.s was confirmed by voice In this case the distinction reflects not J. E. LAFRANCE, vote, with no dissenting vote recorded. only the superior qualities of team mem­ Secretary. President Johnson's second appointee, bers but a community program that ex- April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10441 emplifies the very best of personal re­ news stories, one from the Washington the ocean without refueling and yet fly at sponsibility and civic spirit. Sunday Star of March 22, 1970 entitled, supersonic speeds when it got close to its Recently, the Ann Arbor Bantam A "The Impossible Dream for the F-111 is target; a plane that could fly high and slow hockey team won the championship in its or low and fast; a plane that could find its Coming True." This story is by Orr Kelly own way in and out of increasingly sophisti­ division in the North America Silver and should be read by every Member of cated defenses. Stick competition in Port Huron, Mich. the Congress with the greatest attention. The dream has come true. But it also has, During the past 8 years more than 2,600 The third of these articles appeared in 1n many ways, become a nightmare. hockey teams from North America have the Philadelphia Bulletin of March 6, The plane is the F-111, once known as the vied for championships in this tourna­ 1970, and deals with the bad publicity TFX. ment. the F-111 has received. Sen. John J. McClellan, D-Ark., will re­ Canadian teams have overwhelmingly Mr. Speaker, it is time for a little jus­ sume hearings Tuesday on the TFX program dominated this competition, a reflection that filled the headlines for 10 months in tice, time for an honest and fair ap­ 1963 and then went into hiberation after the of the excellence of Canadian hockey. praisal of the F-111. These stories are a assassination of President Kennedy. Only two U.S. teams have ever won a step in the right direction: Ironically, after all the controversy sur­ championship, one of them being the Ann Flll MALIGNED, SAYS APOLLO 8 CREWMAN rounding the program, the F-111 now is al­ Arbor team. Only great skill, dedication, The swept-wing Flll is a great aircraft most exactly what Everest dreamed of in and team spirit could have led to this that has been unfairly treated, the executive 1959-and almost all the other factors that achievement. secretary of the National Aeronautics and. made the program so controversial have faded The team victory, however, did not Space Council said here Friday. away. come out of a vacuum. The Ann Arbor Air Force Col. William A. Anders, one of One of the major issues about the plane the three-man Apollo 8 crew, said the plane was the decision of Robert S. McNamara, in hockey program for youth is one of the one of his earliest actions after taking office very best in the country. Once such is a victim of "politics and emotionalism." "It is unfortunate that unjustified atten­ as defense secretary, to push the Air Force status is achieved it all may have seemed tion has been placed on the Flll," said and Navy into developing the same plane to easy and inevitable in retrospect. But, Anders. serve them both. Mr. Speaker, we know all too well that "In this country we have always had Since the Air Force first dreamed of its excellence comes only through great de­ trouble of one form or another getting any plane, the program has gone through five sire and hard work. new aircraft operational," Anders commented transformations-and is now back essentially I am very proud of this young hockey a.t a press conference. to t he original Air Force concept. team, all other participants in the Ann The aircraft, he said, simply got caught in But, largely because of the long contro­ Arbor hockey program, and the commu­ the squeeze of a "political ... emotional ar­ versy, the Air Force will get far fewer of the gument" which he called unfortunate and planes than it had hoped !or. Air Force of­ nity which has so faithfully supported undeserved. ficials have told Congress in recent days that hockey in Ann Arbor. All are to be com­ Anders said he plans to :fly the Fll 1 as soon the money requested in the 1971 budget will mended. as possible. be used both to carry out an expensive in­ The following are members of the Ann He said when it comes to piloting an air­ spection program to avoid problems with the Arbor hockey team: craft nothing gives him more pure pleasure wing structure and to buy enough planes Mr. Elmer Burgett, president; Mr. Ro­ "than :flying a Bell H13 helicopter." to fill out a fourth wing o! F-111 fighter­ land Seguin, coach; Kevin Davis, Jack Anders' Christmas time space :flight 1n bombers. This will end the construction pro­ Mortell, Mike Straub, Bob Fahlgren, Tom 1968 with Air Force Col. Frank Borman and gram, at least as things stand now. Navy Capt. James Lovell Jr. earned him the This is a far cry from the plans in 1964 Ufer, Tom Kittel, Randy McLelland, Joe spotlight o! the world and special praise when a. total purchase of 2,411 planes for Roberts, George Morley, Bill Dufek, Steve from President Johnson. the Air Force and Navy was approved. Manville, Mike Kalmbach, Jim Hense, He said he has a simple answer for those The Navy dropped out of the program in Duane Rose, Mark Levenson, and Randy who question why we need make more than early 1968, shortly after McNamara. left the Roberts. one trip to retrieve moon samples. Pentagon, and is now developing its own "I submit that it would be most difficult to plane, the F-14, as it had wanted to do all try to learn a.bout Texas by dipping down along. The British, who had originally hoped F-111-"POLITICS AND EMOTIONAL­ and scooping up samples o! the surface o! to buy their own F-111 :fleet, dropped out and ISM" any single part of this state ... it ls obviously the Australians a.re talking, as if they, too, very different in different sections of the want to get out. state." The result is that, of six different models HON. 0. C. FISHER Anders promises the April 11 :flight of of the plane to be developed and built, only OF TEXAS Apollo 13 will be ..the most interesting two will go into service. There will be 77 and the most dangerous . . . It will land on strategic bomber versions for the Air Force IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the highlands and bring back different data." and the remainder will be tactical fighter­ Monday, April 6, 1970 He said his role in the Apollo 13 :flight will bombers. be to accompany Vice President Spiro Agnew The McClellan Committee, 1n its renewed Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, Astronaut to Cape Kennedy and detail events for him. hearings, thus will find that the cost of ea-ch Bill Anders, now executive secretary of He said America's success on her moon plane has risen far above the original esti­ the National Aeronautics and Space flights has put this nation ahead of original mates. Council, says-and with what truth­ planning on the number of vehicles needed, In recent testimony, Gen. James Ferguson, that the F-111 has been the victim of and the United States is in the enviable posi­ commander of the Air Force Systems Com­ politics and emotionalism. As is becom­ tion of being able to use these vehicles to mand, outlined the reasons for the increase in costs, which included technical problems ing increasingly clear much of the treat­ explore more fully the moon. "Our next exciting project is the Sky Lab and inflation. ment that has been afforded this great where we'll put one to three men in earth "However," he added, "the biggest single aircraft has been nothing short of orbit, using Apollo hardware," Anders told ca.use of the increase in unit :flyaway cost has shameful. Once in a while the true ex­ newsmen. been ca.used by the decrease in the total pert, and a respected and brave Ameri­ The astronaut had special praise for the quantity procured and the extended time can, opens the door to let in the light Dallas-Fort Worth Regional Airport. frame in which the extended aircraft were of truth. "This is a fine example of what needs to to be produced. Colonel Anders goes on to say that he be done to handle the air traffic control prob­ "For this reason, we have seen the esti­ himself plans to fly the F-111 as soon as lem ••. build more well-planned, major mated average unit :flyaway cost rise from possible and I am certain that his reac­ airports." $2.8 million to just over $8 million." tion to this aircraft will be the same as He and U.S. Rep. Olin "Tiger" Teague The decision to cut back on production of were guests earlier at a luncheon at the the plane is a source of considerable frustra­ that of all the other pilots and com­ Petroleum Club for the Government Affairs tion for both Air Force officers and officials manders who are unrestrained in their Committee of the Fort Worth Chrunber of o! General Dyna.mies, which won the con­ praise of what has been called the great­ Commerce. tract over Boeing 1n a bitterly contested est and most advanced aircraft in the competition in the early 1960s. inventory of any nation in the world. THE IMPOSSIBLE DKEAM FOR THE F - 111 Is According to an analysis done by the com­ Mr. Speaker, I wish to include in the pany, 58 percent of the work done by :fl.ghter­ COMING TRUE bombers in World War I, Korea and Vietnam RECORD the news item to which I have (By Orr Kelly) been referring as it appeared in the has been interdiction-hitting military and Gen. F . F. Everest had an impossible dream transportation targets behind the enemy's March 21, 1970, Fort Worth Star-Tele­ when he became commander of the Tactical front lines. This, according to the analysis, gram. Air Command early in 1959. is exactly what the F-111 is designed to do I also wish to include two additional His dream was an airplane that could cross best. 10442 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 The analysis also shows that the decision ITS CAPABILITIES bargaining over strategic arms in Vienna. As to cut off F-111 production has come when The disaster is that the President does not matters are now, this powerful weapon is in the cost for each additional plane could be have it upon instant call. If he did, he would danger of becoming a wasting asset at the expected to drop sharply. have the only warplane in the world that full prime of its potentially influential If the number of planes to be produced could carry a stunning blow in convention lifetime. under present plans is divided into the pro· or nuclear bombs to a crucial target at below gram's total cost, the amount for ea.ch plane radar-detection levels in the dead of night comes to $13.3 million. (Ferguson's figure of and in the foulest weather. THE PEOPLE'S VOICE ON VOTING $8 million included only the airframe, en· Darkness and the worst climat ic conditions RIGHTS gines and electronic equipment for each are duck-soup for the F-111. From a.bout plane and not a share of t he research and 2,000 miles out, it could go to Warsaw or development costs.) Moscow, Hanoi or Havana, and in all prob­ HON. ABNER J. MIKVA But the company's analysis shows that ability its presence would not be known until OF ILLINOIS most of the money to be invested in the pro­ the target was hit. Not that we a.re a. snea.k­ gram already has been spent and that the a.ttack nation, but this plane in the Presi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cost of additional planes could drop to as dent's poker hand would be a. powerful per­ Monday, April 6, 1970 little a.s $1.8 million apiece if construction su ader. were continued. PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUE Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, the Mem­ As things stand now, the total number of The disaster is that public misunderstand­ bers of this body have an imminent op­ planes to be built probably will work out to ing has squandered the value of a technolog­ portunity to make a decision which would 552. Of these, 77 a.re strategic bombers; two ical American breakthrough that does not confirm the rightful place of America's are the British version, now used for test­ rank much below our men-on-the-moon ex­ younger citizens in the political arena, ing; seven a.re the Navy versions, also used ploits. The F- 111 amounts to a. medium­ and very possibly begin to reestablish for testing and 24 are the Australian version, range manned missile which ought to be the for many of those young people a true which could end up in the U.S. Air Force. boast of our aerial arsenal. But it has become The remaining 442, which include 18 re­ a spiked-gun because of freak accidents and credibility in the governing process, and search and development planes, are the tac­ a barrage of abuse by the same dissident the institutions we representatives serve. tical fighter version. groups who want to see the United States As longstanding advocate of admitting The McClellan hearings are expected to brought low in every encounter from the 18-year-olds onto the voter rolls, I am last as long as two weeks, with a break for schoolyard to the courtroom to the battle­ particularly pleased to see that a public the Easter recess. field. mandate for the measure published this In the more than six years that have The disaster is that the Defense Depart­ weekend by the American Institute of elapsed since they attracted such attention, ment under Secretary McNamara. deceived Public Opinion-the Gallup poll. much of the heat has left the F-111 the Congress and bewildered the American controversy. public by making extravagant assertions that According to this survey, six out of McNamara has moved on to the World the aircraft's experimental model, the TFX, 10 respondents, unhindered by the Bank, the contract has turned out to be would be the nonpareil multi-purpose air­ alarmist misconceptions of those who something less than a golden bonanza for craft. have lost touch with the young adult General Dynamics and the plane, despite the NOT MULTI-PURPOSE generation, do believe 18-year-olds wing problem that has grounded most of the In order to get approval for the best tac­ should be granted voting rights. I be­ fleet, has a good safety and performance tical fighter-bomber in the world, the Mc­ lieve that, too, and hope the results of record. Namara. team exaggerated its capabilities for this survey do not go unnoticed by my When the hearings end, it is unlikely that Navy use, for Army and Marine Corps close­ colleagues who are as yet unconvinced. an answer will have been found to one of up support, for transatlantic strikes. When the most intriguing questions surrounding the plane could not perform all these mis­ The report follows: the whole F-111 program. That is whether or sions, it was rated as an "expensive disap­ [From the Washington Post, Apr. 5, 1970} not the fight over the F-111 was a necessary pointment" instead of an achievement. GALLUP POLL: 18-YEAR-OLD VOTE FAVORED and desirable pa.rt of McNamara's effort to It, in reality, is matchless in its special­ exert civilian control over the Pentagon and ty of being the supreme weapon for all­ (By George Gallup) whether, after all the controversy and cost, wea.ther penetration and interdiction-a bolt PRINCETON, N.J.-If the House of Repre­ that effort was successful and worth the of lightning that can strike a. stop to an in­ sentatives follows the lead of the Senate and cost. vasion of West Europe where American secu­ approves of lowering the voting age to 18, it rity is most at stake-and do so without will be in accord with the wishes of the BAD MANAGEMENT, BAD LUCK , AND BAD population slaughter. American people as recorded in surveys over PUBLICITY HAVE DOGGED F- 111 COMBAT EXPERIENCE the last 17 years. (By Holmes Alexander) Six adults in every ten in the la.test survey The disaster is that the F-111 was sent pre, (58 per cent) think persons 18, 19 and 20 NELLIS Am FORCE BASE, NEV.-There is a maturely to Southeast Asia. in the sprinf years old should be permitted to vote. black splotch on the gray rocks of the canyon. of 1968. Eight planes in all, a trifling unit A majority of persons 21 and older have The splotch marks the spot where la.st De· of commitment, were dispatched to Thailand expressed support for lowering the voting cember 22 on Gunnery Range No. 5, an F-111 for use against heavily defended, high-prior· age since July, 1953, when 68 percent did so. with its two-man crew lost a wing and went ity targets in North Vietnam where we were Only 17 per cent voted in favor in 1939 when into a era.sh heard round the world. losing too many fighter-bombers in day-light the first Gallup survey on this subject was If you didn't hear it, that would be only raids. Many veterans of the Vietnam air war conducted. because you are not attuned to peacetime are here at Nell1s, and a day or two among Many of those interviewed who favor low­ military disaster. The accident caused the them is enough to piece together what hap­ ering the voting age maintain that "if a official grounding of several hundred F-llls, pened to the F-111 in combat. person is old enough to fight, he's old enough a.bout 80 of which a.re located here at the In 55 missions, the plane was extra.ordi­ to vote." largest tactical fighter base in the world, narily successful. Not one is known to have The Senate on March 12 approved, 64 to 17, larger in area than the State of Connecticut, been hit by enemy fire or even discovered in legislation that would lower the voting age and probably more immediately important action by the enemy until after the attacks to our lives and fortunes than the Atomic to 18 in all elections. The House will shortly had been made. But the F-111 hadn't been consider this legislation. Energy Commission Proving Ground just thoroughly shaken down in stateside tests, a.cross the Nevada. ridges. and there were malfunctions. Following is the question asked in the latest Gallup survey completed Just last Officially, I say, they a.re grounded. In fact VIETNAM LOSSES they are being ferried to various places, in­ weekend. A total of 1350 persons 21 and cluding the General Dyna.mies plant at Fort Three planes a.nd two crews were lost iu older were interviewed in more than 300 lo­ milkruns to relatively soft targets; bombing­ calities across the nation, and asked this Worth, Tex., as part of the grand investiga­ question: tion for airworthiness. A defect hardly larger pa.uses a.nd bombing-ha.Its prevented the than the half-moon on your thumb-nail, a plane from proving itself in significant Do you think that persons 18, 19 and 20 "bruise" in a piece of steel, is supposedly the action. years old should be permitted to vote, or ca.use of the accident while a.n F-111 was The disaster is that the F-111 crews, al­ not? doing a. routine run a.t gunnery practice. though trying to keep busy a.t academical work, won't be flying target-practice and Here are the la.test results: Percent The grounding, I would surmise, on the other proficiency missions for four or five Should ------58 basis of many interviews, is more official than Should not------38 months, if then. By a combination of bad No opinion______4 actual. If World War III broke out today, I management, bad luck and bad publicity, don't doubt that the F-111, defect or not, the best plane in the American inventory is In all surveys on this issue, older per­ would be in the midst of it. suffering the malnutrition of disuse. sons--who tend to be more affluent and This is not a plane that we could leave If it were in active service, its weight might more conservative than younger persons­ on the runways if a national emergency called well be felt in the negotiations for settlement are most opposed to lowering the voting a.ge for an all-out effort, in Vietnam and the Middle East, and in the to 18. April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10443 THE FARMERS' PROBLEM: (7) Wives working to supplement the in­ CADET STEPHEN L. KNOWLES come-to compensate for rising costs of edu­ SURVIVAL cation, household furnishings, health ex­ HON. HENRY C. SCHADEBERG penditures, and clothing; HON. BILL ALEXANDER (8) Bankruptcy or foreclosure listings­ OF WISCONSIN perhaps more painful than an obituary no­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF ARKANSAS tice. "A way of life is dead." Monday, April 6, 1970 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These farm problems are the result of a Monday, April 6, 1970 revolution unparalleled in agricultural his­ Mr. SCHADEBERG. Mr. Speaker, tory. The American farmers have been eager Cadet Stephen L. Knowles, son of Mr. Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, hav­ to adapt and apply new technology and re­ and Mrs. Lawrence E. Knowles of Beloit, ing been raised on a farm in Arkansas, I search findings to their agricultural enter­ Wis., was recently named a winner in am fully aware of the crisis facing Amer­ prises. The American farmer, with his ican agriculture. The American farmer LEARN-HOW-KNOW HOW abilities, has in­ the 1969 Freedom's Foundation at Valley creased his food and fiber production rate to Forge, letter writing contest. Stephen, a is the most efficient producer of agricul­ such an extent that domestic consumption 1966 graduate of Memorial High School tural products in the world. They are uses only 80 % of his total crop; the remain­ in Beloit is presently attending St. Olaf good taxpaying citizens who do not de­ ing 20% must be exported. Had the farmer College, Northfield, Minn., where he is serve the second-class treatment they remained at farm output rates of 1900-1925, a member of the Air Force Reserve Of­ often get. not only would the United States be import­ ficer Training Corps. It is my honor to A few days ago, I received a letter ing one-third of its total food and fiber re­ from a farmer in northeast Arkansas quirements, but the consumer would be share his stirring letter with my col­ paying much higher prices for food. LEARN­ leagues: asking for farm legislation which will HOW-KNOW HOW leads to SHARE-NOW! CADET STEPHEN L. KNOWLES "boost and support agriculture." This is Farm specialization, coupled with research, My hopes for America's future are really what the American farmers want, as education, and mechanization, enables one that America will fulfill her mission in his­ this most thoughtful letter by Mr. Mack farm worker to supply 35 to 39 persons ( com­ tory, that the hopes of generations of Amer­ L. Howington of Lepanto, Ark., indicates. pared with 23 supplied as recently as 1957- icans will be more perfectly realized. The Because his letter presents information 59). Since 1919-21, crop production per acre hopes I have for this country are certainly that is of interest to people throughout is 75 % higher, and output per man hour of not new ones, but they are part of the very the country, I include it at this point in farm work is five times greater. fiber that binds our nation, the Constitution the RECORD. I commend it to my col­ On the basis of these statistics, why, in of the United States. the name of production success, do the farm­ I refer specifically to the Preamble of that leagues: ers have economic problems? Fact: in 1969, document, penned in 1787, when the nation THE FARMERS' PROBLEM: SURVIVAL the prices farmers received in relation to was still struggling in its infancy. Though "Survival o! the fittest" is a phrase applied prices they paid were 78% of the 1910-14 its provisions were meant as an indictment to a process in nature in which living things base period (used for computation of these against the government chaos pf the Articles constantly compete with each other to live. figures). Question: "Hasn't farming basically of Confederation, the hopes which it em­ Some thrive--some barely exist---£ome die. changed during this time? Thus, is this bodies stand as a challenge to the people of The American farmer, caught in a. cost-price 1910-14 base period really valid?" Unques­ the United States today. The words of the squeeze of his own unmaking, has doubts in tionably, all phases of farming have changed Preamble are familiar to every schoolboy: 1970 that even the "fittest" o! farmers will during this period. Mules and turning plows "We the People of the United States, in survive. have been replaced by tractors; tractors Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Can concern and worry pay the farmer's have been replaced by larger and better Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide creditors? Can complaining to his congress­ tractors. In the rice fields, combines and for the common defense, promote the general man assure him of positive action or favor­ dryers have replaced the old binders and Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty able leglsla.tlon? Can re-shuffling his figures threshers; self-propelled combines. Chemical to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and pay the taxes? Can producing more and re­ placed the pull-type combines. Chemical establish this Constitution for the United ceiving less and paying more produce a herbicides have replaced hoe hands in row States of America." profit? crops; cotton picking machines have replaced The Constitution certainly established a A concerned farmer who is interested 1n hand pickers in the cotton fields. more perfect Union than that of the Articles the survival of the farmer has prepared this But while all these magnificlent new ma­ of Confederation. The other provisions of report to acquaint the American consumer chines were coming along to take most of the Preamble can still be seen as a rallying with the farm problems. Lacking an agricul­ the back-breaking drudgery out of farming, cry for a better America. tural public relations department, individual other radical changes were taking place "Establish Justice," the founders wrote. farmers must act. A solution? The farmer (changes affecting the farmer's survival). Certainly there is justice available in Amer­ :feels tha.t the failure of the giant agricul­ Competition from the ever-expanding indus­ ica today, but is it always available to every tural industry would have repercussions trial complex of the cities lured many of the man? Crowded court dockets which delay which would reverberate around the world. most capable laborers from the farm with justice, corrupt Judges who impede its ad­ The facts, statistics, and case histories re­ wage offers which farmers could not possibly ministration, and all the other faults our ported are drawn or were obtained from lo­ match. To check the drain of the labor force, legal system is heir to must be overcome if cal (Poinsett County, Arkansas) sources­ farmers were faced with higher wages to be the dream. of justice for all is to be fulfilled. individual farm records, gins, elevator oper­ paid even though the worker was only gain­ Is there "domestic tranquility" in America ators, the Extension Service of the University fully used six months of a year. "Work" today? Riots and assassinations blot the of Arkansas, and the United States Depart­ must be "furnished" even though produc­ bright hopes of our Founding Fathers. My ment of Agriculture (USDA). Although the tivity of the farm was not increased nor was hope is that in the future America will have report is local in scope, one !armer's prob­ per unit cost of the crop reduced. In other true domestic tranquility, where differences lem is every farmer's problem. words, farmers began to experience an "over­ The world looks with envy upon the a.grl­ head" cost they had not had previously. Ma­ are settled peaceably and rationally. But do­ cultural industry in America-the exception mestic tranquility must never be restored at chinery costs, already high, continued to being the American consumer. Why does to­ climb rapidly although farm prices remained the expense of justice. day's farmer view the future of agriculture Though we have provided, and must con­ with pessimism and alarm? Why The Gloom! static or declined. As a result, !armers have tinue to provide for the "common defense," Graphic evidence of a multi-faceted problem needed to increase productivity-both of we must take care that we do not do so to gives support to the !armer's claim that his their labor and their land-to stay in the the detriment of the "general Welfare." We problems are real: same place. Hard work resembling treadmill must be sure that we are not in the position (1) Empty farm houses standing in mute action! To illustrate the cost-price squeeze, of defending a nation poorly housed, clothed, testimony to the fact that profits on farms the following figures were taken from local and nourished. The needs of all the people are not adequate; (county) farm records and fa.rm-related must be met lf the United States ls to realize (2) Average age of farmers and their work­ businesses. its dream. ers rising due to lack of opportunity or in­ COTl'ON The "Blessings of Liberty" have made the centive (Who knows what effect this will have iLong live King Cotton! Is the King dead? United States unique in all the world, and in future years!); Cotmon is probably the crop with the most we must preserve our cherished heritage of (3) Fa.rm equipment being repaired for freedom. Liberty must never be curtailed to serious problems. An ea.st Poinsett County "one more year" or equipment being "cus­ gin was asked to take the account of a typi­ stifle orderly dissent, but dissent must never tom-rented"; override the right to express antithetical ( 4) Crops growing up in weeds due to high cal customer and report the prices that cus­ viewpoints. costs of chemicals, poisons, and labor; tomer received for cotton in the years 1949- My hopes for America's future are thus (5) Figures in farm accounts showing that 1969. The price obtained eaoh year was aver­ embodied in words written long ago in our income does not match expense; aged with the two following years to over­ history. Yet they a.re words which will con­ ( 6) Farm sale notices fill1ng the newspa­ come price fluctuations and give a steadier tinue to express the hopes and strivings of pers-"Work a lifetime; sell all on a Tues­ price picture. In the three year period, 1949- all Americans for generations to come. day .•."; 50-51, the average price received by the farm- 10444 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 er for cotton was 35.23¢ per pound. At that bind. Even though Arkansas is one of the If the grea,t agricultural industry falters time, hand choppers were paid about $3.00 three leading rice growing states, rice farm­ or fails, what happens to America? Econ­ for a 10-hour day; tractor drivers got $4.00 ers in western Poinsett County are having omists and historians have taught that the to $5.00 for an 11-hour day. In 1953-54--55, financial problems. Rice producers have been Great Depression of the laite 1920's and the the price was 34.55¢; in 1958-59-60, 31.31¢; fortunate in that they have been able to 1930's was triggered by the farmer fail­ and in 1963-64-65, 30.12¢. During this time, increase their productivity dramatically and ing to share in the prosperity-agricultural production costs were steadily rising; chop­ thus have not experienced so great an eco­ depression. ping was up to $5.00, and tractor driving rose nomic strain as cotton and soybean farmers. HEALTHY AGRICULTURE IS PUBLIC ASSET t:> $7.00 per day. Yet rice farmers are caught in a cost-price In 1966 a new cotton ptogram was effected. squeeze also. Figures from a local elevator Why should the American consumer be Under this program, cotton would be sold on show the following prices per bushel paid concerned about or desire a healthy agri­ the open market at a "world price", and a to farmers for rice: 1962, $2.30; 1964, $2.20; cultural industry? First, the percentage of subsidy would be paid the pr<>ducer for the 1966, $2.20; 1968, $2.30; and 1969, $2.30. As income spent by the average American fam­ d ifference between a "fair market price" in these figures show, the price received by ily for food is between 16 and 18 percent. this counrtry and a "world price" on his cot­ farmers for rice has remained almost con­ Compare this with 35 % for Western Europe; ton that was produced for "domestic con­ 50 % for Soviet Russia; 70 % for some Asian stant while most all production costs have countries. American farmers are providing sumption"-an amount deemed 65 % of his risen considerably. As mentioned earlier, allotted acres. To follow up the example of their fellow countrymen with food at the combines, the harvesting ma.chines for rice, cheapest rate ever paid in comparison to the Poinsett Oounty typical farmer-in 1966, have almost doubled their costs of ten years his price received was 23.23¢ per pound; his income earned. In 1900, a farmer received ago; other machinery, labor, equipment re­ 87¢ from a. $1.00 paid for fo<>d; today, he gets subsidy payment was 9.42¢-making a total pair, poison, fuel, insurance, rent, taxes, ir­ of 32.65¢ he received for 65 % of his cotton 40¢ of the dollar. If a. housewife would divide rigation-all reflect price increases to com­ her "groceries" into fo<>d items and non-food crop. This is assuming he made a normal pensate for their own rising costs. What yield (which few cotton farmers did in 1966 items, her ideas about the high cost of fo<>d about the rice producer? Like all farmers-­ might change. Approximately 20 % of the or 1967 due to adverse weather conditions). no bargaining power-he takes what he is In 1969 the sum of the price received and the money spent in the grocery store is for non­ offered (not always willingly)-but he pays food items. subsidy payment was 36.79¢, but this price the asking price. is for the 65 % domestic allotment only. If Farming is big business; its demands pro­ MORE DILEMMA (It 100% of the allotment were planted, the duce jobs and more jobs. has been re­ other 35 % was sold for 22.06¢. This is a com­ How have farmers compensated for their ported that for every 2,500 jobs created in plicated program; many details have been lowering net income? "Another notch to take the synthetic fiber industry, 11,000 jobs are omitted for the sake of clarity. Look at the up the slack?" Cliches cannot answer so lost in the cotton industry.) In 1966 (the 1949--50-51 price of cotton-35.23¢. Then serious a problem. The American farmer has latest :figures available), farm assets were 226 look at the 1969 price on the domestic allot­ produced more volume of product to obtain billion dollars, or $25,000 invested for each ment alone--36.79¢. During this time, chop­ the same income. Today, most farmers have employee. These assets amounted to two­ ping costs rose from 30¢ per hour to 1.30 per larger crop acreages with more crop speciali­ thirds of the value of all United States cor­ hour. Tractor driving costs from $4.00 per day zation. Statistics show that fewer farmers porations at that time. Farm buying power to $1.30 per hour (tripled). Machinery costs are farming the same number of cultivated means six million jobs. (When the farmer have skyrocketed; yet cotton prices have re­ acres. An improvised formula can show how loses his buying power, the impact shakes the mained the same or dropped, even with sub­ the farmer has hung on: More work plus entire industrial complex tremendously.) sidy payments included. more fertilizer plus top production plus Another 10 million jobs are created by trans­ The cotton survival problem boils down larger investment plus better weed control porting, processing, storing and selling farm to this: the American farmer is expected to plus research plus more acreage plus products. Farmers spend 30 billion dollars a sell his product on a free (world) market gamble equals same income. Economic tread­ year for farm-related goods and services and and, at the same time, buy on a "protected" mill again! The margin of profit is so low that another 15 billion for other life necessities market. there is no room for failure---no allowance and luxuries. Farmers use more petroleum WHEAT for a drought or hail storm; it takes several than any other single industry; use 9 % of good crops to make up for one bad. A living all domestic rubber production; use 5 million Wheat is not a major crop in Poinsett farm economy? A surviving farm economy? tons of steel--one-third that used by the County, Arkansas, but it is a top crop in A dead farm economy? entire automobile industry. Agricultural other parts of the nation. Local elevators Why haven't farmers banded together? products are the greatest contributing factor paid $1.50 per bushel in 1965. In 1968-69, Why haven't farmers tried to control their in dollar sales of goods abroad. Agricultural wheat prices ranged from $1.13 to $1.16 per production to affect supply and demand­ exports help alleviate the balance of pay­ bushel-the lowest price for wheat since thereby pushing prices up? Traditionally, ments deficit. Farming is big business! the depression days of the 1930's. (The de­ farmers have been independent, free-think­ These statements give substance to the fact velopment and progress of civilization can ing individualists who do not want to give that farming is vita.Uy important to the na­ be linked to the history of wheat--so what's up the freedom of doing as they want on tional economy. Bringing the focus down to in store for agriculture?) Meanwhile, the their own farms. A price below cost for one the local level shows that farmers spend 70% price of a combine has spiraled from $6,000 farmer ma.y give another farmer a profit. A of their income directly on their farms or in to $12,000. The farmer receives about 2c for solution to a farm problem ma.y satisfy one towns of fewer than 5,000 population. This the wheat in a one-pound loaf of bread in farmer but draw a violent reaction from income is the life blo<>d of all communities the grocery store. What is the price of the another. Why have farm organizations had in northeastern Arkansas, as well as for other bread? trouble with farm programs? With the ex­ rural areas of the nation. (These small com­ SOYBEANS ception of rice, price-supported crops have munities have felt the pinch of cost-price Soybeans--the Wonder Crop. The farmer never presented a united front for their squeeze in their pocketbooks.) How im­ wonders if this farm crop that supplies ani­ needs. It seems to be necessary for govern­ portant are the smaller communities to the mal feed, food for human beings, and many ment control to be exercised to some de­ nation? raw materials for industry will survive the gree, therefore, in order to keep stocks of MISUNDERSTANDING OF FARM PROGRAMS cost-price squeeze. The farmer wonders if these commodities within reasonable bounds. Two of the biggest criticisms of farm pro­ this 2¥2 billion dollar plus crop can hold its It is in the public interest that the nation grams by people outside the industry are: (1) own in the market. Soybeans came along to have a healthy agriculture which is an In­ subsidy payments to "big" farmers and (2) take up acres which had gone out of pro­ tegral part of the whole economy. The agri­ payments for "not growing" some crop. The duction of other crops. Until the last two cultural industry may expect that farm pro­ critics point to huge agricultural appropria­ years, beans had provided a steady, if not grams of the future may be justified only in­ tion :figures as evidence that the government large, source of income. Soybean prices have sofar as the public interest is concerned, is heavily subsidizing agriculture. The facts always been subject to erratic patterns due since these decisions will probably be politi­ are that a large part of the agricultural ap­ to little or no carry-over; consumption cal and not economic ones. propriations goes for programs other than equalled production. A short bean supply If the public were as interested in Why subsidies and price support payments. Food would drive up the price. In 1968, however, Farmer Can't Survive as it is Why Johnny stamp programs, school lunch programs, all a fairly large bean surplus developed as a Can't Read, perhaps even Congress would USDA food inspection programs, experi­ result of high price .supports which the fed­ remove the agricultural cOlnplex from its mental research, and administrative expense eral government instituted to promote more poliitcal sparring ring. The American farmer of these and other programs take a large bite production. Farm. records show that in 1961, ls in desperate need of friends. out of the "subsidies" which Mr. Farmer al­ local elevators paid $2.28 per bushel; in 1964, He is a minority group. ways gets credit for receiving. $2.68; in 1966, $2.85; in 1968, $2.43; and in He does not want sympathy. A concerted effort, by urban-dominated 1969, $2.32. The present price of beans ap_ He does not march. Congress, misinformed consumers, and some p;:oximates the 1961 price while many farm. He does not riot. news media., is being waged to limit the costs involved in their production have He does need your understanding. direct subsidy payments made to "big" farm­ doubled. The farmer WONDERS if the soy­ He does need your ears. ers to a level which would eliminate all bean bubble is about to burst! He does feel his grievances are more seri­ medium to large acreage farmers. As pre­ ' RICE ous than some which receive front page vious :figures indicate, this payment is ap­ The rice industry looks at cotton and soy­ headlines. proximately one-third of the gross price a_ beans and finds itself in a similar economic He does want to survive. cotton farmer gets for his crop. Any farmer April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS- 10445 falling within the limiting area would suf­ sie Journal speaks for all of us who have outstanding success it was. Those who fer even more than he already is. Any farmer a sense of personal loss in the death of exhibited were: growing more than 260 acres of cotton would Sam Morrison. American Chemical Society; lose. And the farmer would have no assur­ The township in which I reside in, American Petroleum Institute; ance that the limited subsidy figure would not be lowered eventually to $6000 to even Dutchess County, N.Y., was fortunate Architect of the Capitol; $3000-which would affect practically every that Sam Morrison was a resident. He Automobile Manufacturers Association; dedicated himself as mayor of the vil- Chrysler Corporation; cotton farmer in the county, The idea that a Department of Agriculture; "big" farmer is more efficient than a "small" lage of Millbrook, as the supervisor of Department of Health, Education, and one is a myth. The facts indicate otherwise. the township of Washington, and as a Welfare; The farm unit has had to grow to maintain member of the count y board of repre- Department of Transportation; income levels; volume does not always spell sentatives. Fisher Scientific Company; "efficiency". The small farmer who has a His interests extended beyond his vil- Ford Motor company; working unit sized to economically utilize his lage and township to the organization General Motors; equipment is far more efficient than a large and promotion of the annual Dutchess General Services Administration; farmer. He has no management expense; by Institute of Gas Technology; doing most of his own work, he not only County Fair, one of the finest and largest Metropolitan coun-011 of Governments; eliminates much of the necessary labor costs in New York State. National Institute of Environmental Health but all of the "overhead" expenses incurred But basically, as the Journal editorial Sciences; by retaining a labor force full-time. Despite states, he was "a truly gentle man." Potomac Electric Power Company; his efficiency, the small farmer has suffered Mr. Speaker, I insert the Journal's Research Cottrell Company; and loss of income too. editorial at this point in the RECORD: Resources Research, Inc., a subsidiary of Many other segments of our economy are subsidized by large payments from the fed­ SAMUEL H. MORRISON TRW. eral treasury. American ships, built by Ameri­ The death of Samu el H. Morrison results Their response was prompted by a can workmen, are financed by a 65 % sub­ in a sense of personal loss to the many deeply felt conviction in the ideals of sidy from the government; American sea­ friends he acquired in t he long years he what now must be considered a national men's pay is also subsidized since it cannot d 1,•oted to public service. movement, a national mood. compete with foreign workers' salaries. Air­ Having served on the Dutchess County This is not the first instance in which lines, newspapers, railroads, housing projects, Board of Supervisors and Board of Repre- . direct rental payments, education, public li­ sentatives, "Sam" was the embodiment of Mr. GUDE has shown his concern over braries, vocational schools--aZZ receive sub­ stability during an era of significant change. this problem. Three years ago he spon­ sidies. In fact, nearly all segments of the As chairman of the Budget and Finance Com- sored a similar exhibit at a time when American economy are subsidized, directly or mittee until his retirement from the board only a few realized the potential trouble indirectly, (What if all subsidies to all re­ last year, he was instrumental in maintain- we are facing if the senseless destruction ceivers were limited? Would the national ing a fiscal balance with county finances that of our environment is not halted. But economy collapse?) Why is no mention made results in the enviable crev..it rating Dutchess today the war on filth has truly become a of limiting these subsidy payments? Why are < njoys to this day. national, even universal, concern. subsidized farmers the only group singled He was an agriculturalist by profession, Mr. GunE's recent exhibit was particu- out for criticism? Is the farmer merely a and leaves behind him not only an out- "whipping-boy"? standing career but a record of service to larly significant to all who attended pri­ associations such as the Dutchess County marily because it dealt with specific DOES AMERICA NEED HER FARMERS? Agricultural Society and the Dutchess Coun- achievements, with specific problems-­ Will the farmer survive this economic prob­ t y Cooperative Extension Service that at- the facts and figures of the pollution· lem which mainly is two-fold: cost-price t ests to his interest in community service. crisis speak with more eloquence than squ~eze and the limitations payment. This, "Sam" Morrison was a soft-spoken man well-worn rhetoric. then, is in essence the farm problem. The with a subtle wit and a ready smile. These I would like to insert in the RECORD farmer can shout about his economic strait qualities, melded with patience and com- until the cows come home; improve his farm­ passion for human foibles, made him one some remarks made by Mr. GUDE at the ing know-how; practice soil conservation; of the most thoroughly liked political lead- opening of the exhibit: employ the best available labor; keep accu­ ers the county has ever seen. STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN GILBERT GUDE rate records and use the keenest account­ It is a measure of his dedication to the I want to welcome you, and thank you for ants . ... But withal, he must inevitably welfare of his fellowman that, even when coming. Three years ago I sponsored a dis- recognize this: in today's highly competitive failing health dictated that he slow down, ·t Hi d it market, the business that does not show a he maintained a close lia.ison with the county play here on Capi O1 11 ea11 ng w h the board. And, even a.f'.;er his retirement from problem of air pollution. There was a feel- profit does not survive! Finish! ing at that time, among many observers, Do the American people think they are the county scene last year, he returned often that air pollution was a growing menace, but getting enough of a bargain in the products to sit on the sidelines to hear at least \/hat the response of the exhibitors was mild. The the farms produce that they are willing to was going on. · feeling at that time did not approach the subsidize some segments of agriculture at The death of "Sam" Morrison not only has concern and even panic proportions we are a level of income that will allow the farm­ deprived the county of a fine political and experiencing today. ing people of the nation an income com­ agricultural leatlt:r. It has t aken from our The problem of environmental pollution parable to the remainder of the people? Are midst a truly gentle man. and its consequences to life on this planet they willing to support farm legislation today are topics of debate and concern which will make farming attractive enough ranging from international conferences to and profitable enough that young people will classroom projects in elementary school. And again become interested in careers on the REPRESENTATIVE GUDE'S AIR I am pleased to have students and teachers land? If not, can the American people re­ POLLUTION EXHIBIT from Maryland schools and Montgomery Col­ place the food and fiber that wm not be lege here to see firsthand evidence of the produced here in this country with that problem and the efforts and progress toward from some other source? Can they create Jobs HON. GUY VANDER JAGT t he solution. for those who will not be needed on the 011' MICHIGAN We have all heard the forecasts of doom farms? These and many other questions will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with estimat es for survival, in some cases of have to be answered soon. Does America a mere 30 years for man on this earth at our need her farmers? Monday, April 6, 1970 current rate of pollution. I do not t hink we Mr.VANDERJAGT. Mr. Speaker, on should dismiss any of these prognosticat ions March 17 and 18 my distinguished col­ lightly insofar as they are made by sub­ stantial, thoughtful scientists. But for our SAMUEL H. MORRISON league from the Eighth Congressional purposes here today, I believe the definite District of Maryland, the Honorable specific medical evidence of the problem is GILBERT GUDE, sponsored an exhibit enough to make us turn to work against pol­ HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. which acknowledged the successes which lution with increased vigor. Specifically, OF NEW YORK we have obtained thus far in our war t hese charts which use data supplied me by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against air pollution, and which also the American Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Associat ion are a clear indictment Monday, April 6, 1970 dramatically demonstrated the real urgency of continuing to combat this of t he villain. In a careful scientific study, Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, it was my menace. Over a dozen representatives of which t ook into cousideratlon t he smoking great privilege to know Sam Morrison factor as a cause of emphysem a, a m idwest­ government, industry, and private enter­ ern cit y with polluted air h ad cases of ad­ as a friend and counselor. The lead edi­ prise contributed their valuable time and vanced emphysema in all age groups while torial of the March 31, 1970, Poughkeep- effort tow ard making this venture the in anot her midwest ern cit y with relatively 10446 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 clean air, advanced emphysema was uncom­ tended the national high school institute must convince those who do so of the crim­ mon in a.ny a.ge group. Furthermore, there in debate at Northwestern University. inality of their actions. If mere words are were six times as many cases of severe Stephen plans to study law at Florida too weak, then the law must be called upon emphysema in the city with polluted a.ir as to protect the freedom of all and prevent the city with clean air. (See reference at State University. The VFW should be liberty from degenerating into license. end.) commended for their sponsorship of such This, then, is the very essence of freedom. In the exhibit on emphysema. of the Na­ a fine program. After reading this essay, These two principles, the assuring of free­ tional Institute of Environmental Health, I think you will agree that we all can take dom for all and the prevention of liberty's you will see a graph showing the really pride in the patriotism and faith in degeneration into license, are weapons :for alarming increase of this disease from less America displayed by this young student: the answering of freedom's challenge; the ex­ than 2 deaths per 100,000 in 1950 to more FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE-THmD PLACE istence of freedom itself. If not carried out, than 12 deaths per 100,.000 in 1966. This is they are weapons for freedom's demise. just one of the diseases where man is chok­ (By Stephen Flynn) Tonight a solitary watchman will brave ing to death on filth. Sable Island lies in the Northern Atlantic the cannon roar of a North Atlantic storm in We are making some progress against some some 100 miles off the shore of Nova Scotia. order to protect the lives entrusted to him. pollutants-and again specifically I call your In the winter months this area is the brunt He will remain faithful to his task. Will we, attention to the 46 % reduction in oxides of fierce No'easters, storms which raise the the citizens of the United States, remain of sulfur in Washington air demonstrated sea into waves as high a.s 30 feet and have faithful to ours? We have been given two in the Council of Governments exhibit. I am the capability of breaking a destroyer in half. means by which we can assure the existence particularly pleased beoause this came about Fishing boats must pass near the island to of freedom. Will we use them? Will we be as a result of an ordinance enacted by the rea~h harbor. The waters are treacherous in faithful to the task? D.C. Council under legislation I sponsored fair weather. During the constant storms of in 1967. Also, the Kenilworth dump, which winter navigating is nearly impossible. More played a stellar role in my '67 exhibit, is than 5,000 people lost their lives to Sable's dead and literally buried. shores before the installation of the Sable But I do not propose any note of com­ lighthouse and radio beacon. With the light­ PRESIDENT NIXON'S FAMILY placency-we've got a big job to do yet. The house, the death toll has greatly decreased. ASSISTANCE PLAN fossil fuel burning internal combustion en­ The lighthouse must have a keeper who is gine deserves and is getting a lot of atten­ deposited on the island at the close of the tion as you can see from the extent of the calm summer and must remain, in solitude, HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. exhibits on the automobile. until the end of the turbulent winter. Such OF NEW YORK One other specific item is the exhibit by a man, on whom so many depend for their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Department of Agriculture. Plants are lives, must be exceptionally stable mentally also air pollution victims. Clearly we can't and physically. Monday, April 6, 1970 sweep the air pollution problem under the The United States is a beacon in which Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, the House rug by moving polluters to the country. the flame and freedom bums bright. The Ways and Means Committee has ap­ Plants are susceptible, as well as the aru­ rays of light which beam forth from this m.a.ls in the field and forest. We've got to flame guide billions of people through the proved President Nixon's family as­ deal with air pollution where it is. constantly raging storm of slavery, tyranny, sistance plan. As you know, this plan I mention these items to let you know and despotism. We, the citizens of the United encompasses his welfare reform propos­ that we have tried to make this an exhibit of States, are the guardians of this freedom. als and is expected to reach the House specifics of air pollution-the specifics of the It is our privilege, our responsibility, our floor in the near future. These proposals problems, the laws, the research and the duty to keep it brightly enkindled. have been wisely supported as well as solutions. Freedom issues us a challenge; that chal­ attacked. The Republican Congressional I asked government, industry and private lenge being the very existence of freedom. If Committee Newsletter of March 23 pre­ groups to give concrete data and exam.ples, we are to fulfill our responsibility this chal­ and I want to thank each and everyone of lenge must be met. There are two basic tasks sented a clarification of the President's the exhibitors from government, industry which must be achieved before freedom's proposals and answers to the principal and private groups for their contribution and flame is completely safe. Pirst, freedom must objections which I feel is an excellent hard work. be assured for all. Secondly, liberty must not summation. I would like to recommend (NoTE.-The two cities are St. Louis, Mis­ degenerate into license. this article which follows, to my col­ souri, and Winnipeg, oanada. Data from Lord Acton tells us that, "The most certain leagues attention: "The 'Emphysema Profile' in Two Midwestern test by which we judge whether a country is PRESIDENT NIXON'S WELFARE PLAN-TOUGH Cities in North America," by S. Ishikawa, really free is the amount of security enjoyed QUESTIONS VERSUS ANSWERS M.D.; D. H. Bowden, M.D.; V. Fisher, M.D.; by minorities." The United States has come and J. P. Wyatt, M.D., Winnipeg, Canada, far in assuring the liberties of its minority The House Ways and Means Committee and St. Louis in Archives of Environmental groups. Yet there are those who would men­ has approved President Nixon's Family As­ Health-Vol. 18, April 1969.) tally shackle others to one opinion through sistance Plan, encompassing his welfare re­ terror and violence. Others continue to dis­ form proposals, and the measure is expected criminate against humans of a different skin to reach the House floor soon. The proposals color, a factor over which none of us have have been widely supported-and attacked. control. How can the beacon of freedom burn The following questions and answers have VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY been prepared by the Newsletter, with the WINNING bright if the qualities of freedom of speech ESSAY and the right to pursue happiness are not assistance of committee staff members and enjoyed by all? Voltaire said, "Prejudice is the Administration, to answer the principal HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE the reason of fools." Let us never fall into objections and to clarify the President's this pit of ignorance. Let us enlighten those proposals. OF TEXAS who ht.Ve. In this way freedom will be as­ What's wrong with the present welfare IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sured for all, and the first part of our battle system? Just about everything. Nobody likes it. Monday, April 6, 1970 will be won. The second segment of this battle to ascer­ The cost is too high and is growing too fast, Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, tain freedom's existence is the fact that despite general prosperity. Since 1961, the each year the Veterans of Foreign Wars liberty must not degenerate into license. number of families on welfare has more than Each man's liberty extends to the point of doubled to 1.7 million. The number of re­ of the United States sponsors a Voice of cipients-as opposed to families-has grown Democracy program in which high school hindering the freedom of others. Once beyond that point, one man's freedom impedes the from 3 million to 6.7 million. By 1975, the students are asked to write a broadcast freedom of his fellowman, and liberty be­ total is expected to be near 12 million, while script. All five winners of this year's con­ comes tyranny or anarchy, which is the annual Federal and State costs will zoom test on "Freedom's Challenge" were tyranny ot the strong. Every American is en­ from $4.2 billion to $8.8 billion, an increase guests of honor at the VFW congres­ dowed with the right to peaceful assembly of more than 100 percent. Most important, the basic philosophy of sional dinner and received a personal and the right to express dissent. These rights the present welfare system is considered congratulation from President Nixon. I do not represent, and cannot be construed to represent a license to destroy and threaten wrong. Instead of encouraging and enabling would like to include the essay of the people to ca.re for themselves, it encourages third-place winner, Stephen Flynn, of the 11 ves and property of others. This destroys the fredom of others to pursue happiness. them to stay on relief. Because most of the Mobile, Ala. A 17-year-old McGill In­ Mme. Roland states, "O liberty! What crimes states provide welfare only when there is no stitute senior, Stephen is president of the have been committed in thy name!" It is father at home to provide support, family debating team, editorial manager of the criminal to abuse our freedoms, thus destroy­ breakup often results. President Nixon said: school newspaper, a member of the stu­ ing the freedom of others. It is criminal to at­ "The situation has become intolerable." dent-teacher senate, a member of the tempt to justfy this abuse ot liberty with What improvements does the President National Honor Society, and he has at- the Constitution or the United States. We propose? April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10447 He proposes to replace the Aid to Famiiles ernment and make himself available for work Stalin, the document says, suffered from a with Dependent Children (AFDC) program­ or training. Actually, we already have a guar­ paranoic fear of "imperialist" conspiracies hea.rt of the present welfare system-with a. anteed income under the present system. The and saw them even when they didn't exist. Family Assistance Plan which would provide 1.7 million famllies curently on welfare are. The security of "socialism" in Czecho­ a basic income for all parents who cannot for the most part, guaranteed an annual in­ slovakia imposed in 1948 was in danger, he adequately support their families. For a come. In New Jersey, for example, a welfare decided, because the Czech security police family of four with no more than $720 in­ mother with three children receives $4,175 was "too soft and too indecisive." come, the payment would be $1,600 a. year; per year whether she works or not. In 1949 Stalin sent two "advisers" to Prague for a family of four with $2,000 income, the How much more than the present welfare wit h extensive power and responsible only to payment would be $960 a year. These pay­ system will the President's Family Assistance Lavrenti Beria., Soviet police chief. They ments would be uniform throughout the Plan cost? How can the increase be justified? touched oft' a reign of terror, with mass ar­ country. Presently, welfare payments to fam­ The President estimates that his proposals rests-more than 10,000 political prisoners ilies vary, with some a.slow as $39 per month. will increase Federal costs during the first in Bohemia and Moravia alone--on trumped Families headed by a working parent would year ( 1971) by $4 billion including $600 mil­ up charges with "confessions," extracted by receive the same basic benefit, plus addi­ lion for job training and child care. But torture. tional financial incentives for continuing to · that $4 billion is about the same as the pro­ hold a job. These are the "working poor." jected Federal cost of the present welfare At stage-managed trials, a select group of What's the definition of "working poor" system by 1975. The President points out accused acted like robots, giving self incrimi­ and why should they get Federal benefits? that the "start-up costs" of bis program, nating "evidence." by 1952 the Red judges had sentenced 233 to death; 178 were ex­ The working poor are those who, although which would lift ma.ny persons OU'; of de­ fully employed, earn less than what the pendency and onto the work rolls, will even­ ecuted. They Included such high Communist government calls the poverty line. A basic tually cost far less than the continually in­ officials as Vlado Clementis, the foreign min­ weakness of the present welfare system is its creasing costs of an existing welfare system ister, and Rudolph Slansky, the secretary denial of welfare to the family with a working that can only go from bad to worse. general of the Communist Party. father living at home. This often encourages What the President seeks is to lessen de­ Ancient history? Obviously not to Czechs. the father to leave home in order to qualify pendency, rather than perpetuate and en­ If it was, why would the Dubcek regime set his family for welfare. Obviously, it is unfair large it . out to exonerate Slansky and the others? to penalize the father who is willing to work. More important, it is socially disastrous to encourage family break-ups. RED RULE IN EAST EUROPE How would the President's program en­ REBELLION, SURE-TO SLAP courage persons to work, rather than stay DOWN THE SLOBS on relief? HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI The President has specified that all em­ ployable persons accepting Federal welfare OF ILLINOIS HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN payments register for work or job training, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TENNESSEE "and be required to accept that work or Monday, April 6, 1970 training, provided suitable Jobs are avail­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able. . . ." He also specified that "adequate Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, with Monday, April 6, 1970 and convenient day care would be provided news headlines discussing complications preschool children wherever necessary to en­ in 'the Far East and Middle East, Soviet Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, Mr. K. able a parent to train or work." Ill or Inca­ manipulation of Eastern EuroJ?e is over­ Ross Toole, of the University of Montana, pacitated adults would be excepted. As pa.rt looked and no longer subject to consist­ says: of his program, the President has proposed As a professor and the father of seven, I greatly expanded child day-care centers and ent news treatment. Therefore, it was with great interest that I noted the em­ have watched this new generation and con­ Job-training programs. cluded that most of them are fine. A minority One objection to the President's program phasis on Soviet domination of Eastern are not-and the trouble is tha.t minority holds that no significant number of persons Europe as commented on by the distin­ threatens to tyrannize the majority and take covered would be qualified for work. What guished foreign correspondent of the over. are the facts? Copley Press writing in the Monday, New studies of the adult population that March 16, Sacramento, Calif., Union, as Professor Toole's message is very im­ would be covered by the Family Assistance follows: portant, I feel, and I suggest it for the Act estimate that of the 7.5 million who reading of my colleagues: would be eligible for the program in 1971, RED RULE IN EAST EUROPE 3.2 million are potentially employable. Of (By Dumitru Danielopol) [From the Cedar Rapids Gazette, these 1.4 million already are working full­ Mar. 22, 1970) time, and would continue working. WASHINGTON .-For the last 20 years the best Communists in Eastern Europe have REBELLION, SURE-To SLAP DowN THE SLOBS The Legislative Reference Service of the been fighting to escape a Soviet noose, says (NoTE.-The author ls a faculty member at Library of Congress has reported that a fed­ Artur London. the University of Montana, holds a Ph. D. eral work-incentive program (WIN) which is from UCLA and formerly was director of the similar to the President's proposals, has been The former Czechoslovak vice-minister of foreign affairs, who lives now in France, was Montana Historical Society, director of the a failure. Why? Museum of the City of New York, director of Because there were major defects in the one of the survivors of the Rudolph Slansky trials in 1952. His new book "Confession" of­ the Museum of New Mexico and a rancher in program as administered by the Johnson­ Montana. His treatise, written originally a,s a Humphrey Administration. One defect was fers new insight into the repressive power of the Soviet politico-police machine which In letter to a brother, is reprinted from the the requirement that local welfare agencies Billings Gazette.) ask individuals to a.ccept only work or train­ 1968 crushed every vestige of liberalization ing deemed "appropriate." The Department in Czechoslovakia. (By K. Ross Toole) of Health, Education and Welfare took an ex­ London brings to light the decisive role of I am 49 years old. It took me many years tremely lenient view of what was appropri­ Stalin's minions in the 1950 Czech trials and and considerable anguish to get where I am­ ate," leaving most of the discretion to the purges and raises the possibility of a new which isn't much of anyplace except exurbia. states, some of which ruled that persons, series of trials to eliminate any residual or I was nurtured in depression; I lost four on the relief should not be required to work. potential Czech opposition. With the Red years to war; I am invested with sweat; I Moreover, WIN did not provide adequate day army In control, anything is possible. have had one coronary; I am a "liberal" care for children whose mothers otherwise By coincidence, London's story is fully cor­ square and I am a professor. I am sick oft.lie could work. President Nixon's program, as roborated in a secret 402-page document "younger generation," hippies, yippies, mili­ detailed above, would correct these defects, smuggled out of Czechoslovakia recently. tants and nonsense. and many others in the system as it is today. It represents the findings of a special com­ I am a professor of history at the University What about the objection that the Presi­ mittee set up by the short-lived Dubcek gov­ of Montana, and I am supposed to have "liai­ dent's program goes too far to fast, and ought ernment in 1968 to examine the secret ar­ son" with the young. Worse still, I am father to be preceded by pilot programs? chives of the security police and determine of seven children. They range in age from Ordinarily, this would be a sound approach the truth of the trials of 1950s. seven to 23-and I am fed up with nonsense. But today we are confronted with a crisis in The arrival of the Soviet army in Prague I am t ired of being blamed, maimed and welfare programs. We need complete over­ in August of 1968 prevented official release contrite; I am tired of tolerance imd the haul-now. There isn't time for more experi­ of the document. reaching out (which is always my function) mentation, The smuggled document, says the London for understanding. I am sick of the total ir- Is it true that the President's plan would Sunday Times, "contains a mine of new rationality of the campus "rebel," whose be the first step toward a guaranteed annual knowledge." bearded visage, dirty hair, body odor and income? "It spells ou t !or the first time the depth "tactice" are childish but brutal, naive but No. Everyone able to work or train for work of Russian involvemen t in t he Czech t error," dangerous, and the essence of arrogan t t yr­ wo:tld be required to register with the gov- says the newspaper. ra.nny- the tyranny of spoiled brats. 10448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970

SOFT TOUCH Arrogance is obnoxious; it is also destruc­ The worst of it is that we (professors and I am terribly disturbed that I may be incu­ tive. Society has classically ostracized ar­ faculties in particular) in a paroxysm of bating m-0re of the same. Our household is rogance without the backing of demon­ self-abnegation and apology, go a.long, ab­ permissive, our approach to discipline is an strable accomplishment. dicate, apologize as if we had personally cre­ apology and a retreat from sta.ndards-usu­ Why, then, do we tolerate arrogant slobs ated the ills of the world-and thus lend ally accompanied by a gift in cash or kind. who occupy our homes, our administration ourselves to chaos. We a.re the led, not the It's time to call a halt; time to live in an buildings, our streets and parks, urinating on leaders. And we a.re fools. adult world where we belong and time to put our beliefs and defiling our premises? It is As a. professor I meet the activists and these people in their places. We owe the not the police we need, ( our generation and revolutionaries every day. They are inexcusa­ "younger generation" what all "older genera­ theirs) it is an expression of our disgust and bly ignorant. If you want to make a revo­ tions" have owed younger generations--love, disdain. lution, do you not study the ways to do it? protection to a point, and respect when they Yet we do more than permit it, we dignify Of course not. deserve it. it with introspective flagellation. Somehow Che Guevarra. becomes their hero. He We do not owe them our souls, our privacy, it ls our fault. Balderdash again! failed; he died in the jungles of Bolivia with our whole lives, and above all, we do not owe Sensitivity ls not the property of the young, an army of six. His every move was a mis­ them immunity from our mistakes, or their nor was it invented in 1950. The young of calculation and a mistake. Mao Tsetung and own. any generation have felt the same impulse Ho Chi Minh led revolutions based on a Every generation makes mistakes, always to grow, to reach out, to touch stars, to live peasantry and an overwhelmingly ancient has and always will. We have made our share. freely and to let the minds loose along un­ rural economy. They are the pattern-makers But my generation has made America the explored corridors. for the SDS and the student militants. most affluent country on earth; it ha.s tackled, Young men and young women have always I have yet to talk to an "activist" who head-on, a racial problem which no nation on stood on the same hill and felt the same has read Crane Brinton's, "The Anatomy of earth in the history of mankind has dared vague sense of restraint that separated them Revolution," or who is familiar with the to do. from the ultimate experience-the sudden works of Jefferson, Washington, Paine, Adams It has publicly declared war on poverty and complete expansion of the mind, the or even Marx or Engels. And I have yet to and it has gone to the moon; it has desegre­ final fulfillment. It is one of the oldest, talk to a student militant who has read about gated schools and abolished polio; it has sweetest and most bitter experiences of man­ racism elsewhere and/ or who understands, presided over the beginning of what is prob­ kind. even primitively, the long and wonderous ably the greatest social and economic revolu­ UNORIGINAL struggle of the NAACP and the genius of tion in man's history. Today's young people did not invent it; Martin Luther King-whose name they in­ It has begun these things, not :finished they do not own it. And what they seek to variably take in vain. them. It has declared itself, and committed attain, all mankind has sought to attain INCOMPETENT itself, and taxed itself and damn near run throughout the ages. itself into the ground in the cause of social Shall we, therefore, approve the presumed An old and scarred member of the wars justice and reform. attainment of it through heroin, speed, LSD of organized labor in the U.S. in the 1930s, Its mistakes are fewer than my father's and other drugs? Shall we, permissively, let recently remarked to me: "These 'radicals' generation-or his father's, or his. Its great­ them poison themselves simply because, as couldn't organize well enough to produce a est mistake is not Vietnam; it is the abdi­ in most other respects, we feel vaguely guilty sensible platform let alone revolt their way cation of its first responsibility, its pusillani­ because we brought them into this world? out of a paper bag." mous capitulation to its youth, and its sick Again, it is not police raids and tougher But they can, because we let them, destroy preoccupation with the problems, the mind, laws that we need; it ls merely strength. The our universities, make our parks untenable, the psyche, the raison d'etre of the young. strength to explain, in our potty, middle­ make a shambles of our streets, and insult Since when have children ruled this coun­ aged way, that what they seek, we sought; our flag. try? By virtue of what is right, by what ac­ that is somewhere but not here and sure I assert that we are in trouble with this complishment should thousands of teen­ as hell not in drugs; that, in the mean­ younger generation not because we have agers, wet behind the ears and utterly with­ while, they will cease and desist the poison failed our country, not because of affluence out the benefit of having lived long enough game. And this we must explain early and or stupidity, not because we are antedilu­ to have either Judgment or wisdom, became hard-and then police it ourselves. vian, not because we are middle-class ma­ the sages of our time? Society, "the establishment," is not a for­ terialists-but simply because we have failed The psychologists, the educators a.nd eign thing we seek to impose on the young. to keep that generation in its place and we preachers say the young are rebelling against We know it is far from perfect. We did not have failed to put them back there when our archaic mores and morals, our materialis­ make it; we have only sought to change it. they got out of it. tic approaches to life our failures in diplo­ The fact that we have only been minimally We have the power; we do not have the macy, our terrible ineptitude in racial mat­ successful is the story of all generations­ will. We have the right, we have not ex­ ters, our narrownness as parents, our blind­ as it Will be the story of the generation com­ ercised it. ness to the root ills of society, Balderdash I ing up. Yet we have worked up a number To the extent that we now rely on the Society hangs together by the stitching of wonders. police, Mace, the national guard, tear gas, of many threads. No 18-year-old is simply We have changed it. We a.re deeply con­ steel fences and a wringing of handS, we the product of his 18 years; he is the product cerned about our failures; we have not solved will fall. of 3,000 years of the development of man­ the racial problem but we have faced it; we What we need is a reappraisal of our own kind-and throughout those years, injustice are terribly worried about the degradation middle-class selves, our worth and our hard­ has existed and been fought; rules have of our environment, about injustices, in­ won progress. We need to use disdain, not grown outmoded a.nd been changed; doom equities, the military-industrial complex and Mace; we need to reassess a weapon we came has hung over men a.nd been a.voided; un­ bureaucracy. by the hard way, by travail and labor, firm just wars have occurred; pain has been the But we have attacked these things. We authority as parents, teachers, business men, cost of progress-and man has persevered. have, all our lives, taken arms against our workers and politicians. TOLERANT sea of troubles--and fought effectively. But The vast majority of our children from we also have fought with a rational knowl­ one to 20 are fine kids. We need to back As a. professor and the father of seven, I edge of the strength of our adversary; and, this majority With authority and with the have watched this new generation and con­ above all, knowing that the war is one of firm conviction that we owe it to them and cluded that most of them are fine. A minority attrition in which the "unconditional sur­ to ourselves. are not-and the trouble is that minority render" of the forces of evil is not about to Enough of apology, enough of analysis, threatens to tyrannize the majority and occur. enough of our abdication of responsibility, take over. We win, if we win at all, slowly and pain­ enough of the denial of our own maturity I dislike that minority; I am aghast that fully. That is the kind of war society has and good sense. the majority "takes" it and allows itself to always fought-because man is what he is. be used. And I address myself to both the The best place t.o start is at home. But, the Knowing this, why do we listen subservi­ most practical and effective place, right now. minority and the majority. I speak partly as ls our campuses. This does not mean a flood a historian, partly as a father and partly as ently to the violent tacticians of the new gen­ one fed up, middle-aged and angry member eration? Either they have total victory by of angry edicts, a sudden clamp-down, a "new" policy. of the so-called "establlshment"-which, by Wednesday next or burn down our carefully built barricades in adolescent pique; either It simply means that faculties should stop the way, is nothing but a euphemism for "so­ they win now or flee off to a commune and playing chicken, that demonstrators should ciety." quit; either they solve all problems this week Common courtesy and a regard for the be met not with the police but with expul­ or Join a wrecking crew of paranoids. opinions of others is not merely a decoration sions. The power to expel (strangely un­ on the pie crust of society, lt is the heart of Youth has always been characterized by used) has been the legitimate recourse of the pie. Too many "youngsters" a.re ego­ impatient idealism. If it were not, there universities since 1209. centric boors. They will not listen, they would be no change. But impatient idealism More importantly it means that at fresh­ will only shout down. They will not discuss does not extend to guns, fl.re bombs, riots, man orientation, whatever form it takes, the but, like four year olds, they throw rocks and vicious arrogance, and instant gratification. administration should set forth the ground shout. That ls not idealism; it ls childish tyranny. rules-not belllgerently but forthrightly. April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10449 BOOT 'EM OUT 1919 are an echo of the rules being prac­ torious service in connection with milit ary Expulsion is a dreaded verdict. The admin­ ticed in America today in the interna­ operations against hostile forces in Vietnam istration merely needs to make it clear, quite tional plot of the Communists to over­ while assigned as a supply sergeant in Com­ dispassionately, that expulsion is the inevi­ throw our Government and the gov­ pany A of the 1st Signal Brigade's 69th table consequence of violation of the rules. Signal Battalion. Among the rules, even though it seems gra­ ernments of other non-Communist coun­ S. Sgt. Rush entered the Army in Decem­ tuitous, should be these: tries throughout the world. ber 1967 and completed basic training at 1. Violence, armed or otherwise, the force­ The parallel between these rules, and Ft. Bragg, N.C., where he was stationed be­ ful occupation of buildings, the intimida­ what we know for a fact is being prac­ fore arriving overseas in July 1968. He also tion by covert or overt act of any student or ticed by Communist conspirators, is ap­ holds the Army Commendation Medal. faculty member or administrative personnel, palling, to say the least. The sergeant was graduated from Balti­ the occupation of any university property, more City College in 1967 and attended the I feel the letter to the editor which Baltimore College of Commerce. Before en­ field, park, building, lot or other place, shall follows is self-explanatory and should be be cause for expulsion. tering the Army, he was employed by the 2. The disruption of any class, directly or made available for readers of the Ward Turner Machinery Company in Balti­ indirectly, by voice or presence or the de­ RECORD: more. struction of any university property, shall 1919 DISCOVERY A CLUE TO RED REVOLT The award was presented Jan. 19. be cause for expulsion. FORMULA This is neither new nor revolutionary. It To the EDITOR OF THE BANNER: ls one of the oldest rights and necessities of Never one to believe Communism has any ZERO DEFECTS the university community. great depth of control in our country, I read The failure of university administrators something revealing and decided to send it to use it is one of the mysteries of our per­ to you. HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER missive age-and the blame must fall largely In May, 1919, the British Army raided a OF CALIFORNIA on faculties because they have consistently Communist headquarters in occupied Dus­ pressured administrators not to act. seldorf, Germany. Among the papers seized IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Suppose the students refuse to recognize was one entitled, "Rules for Bringing About Monday, April 6, 1970 expulsions, suppose they march, riot, strike. a. Revolution." The police? No. The matter, by prearrange­ These rules that make incredible reading Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, the con­ ment, publicly stated, should then pass t.o in 1970 America, a.re: cept of zero defects appeared on the the courts. "Corrupt the young. Get them away from American scene in 1961. Some are still If buildings are occupied, the court en­ religion. Get them interested in sex. Make learning about this idea, which is a man­ joins the participating students. It has the them superficial, destroy their ruggedness. agement tool with motivational aspects, awful power to declare them in contempt. "Get control of all means of publicity and and which strives to eliminate defects If violence ensues, it ls in violation of the thereby get peoples minds off their govern­ court's order. ment by focusing their attention on ath­ attributable to human error. It involves Courts are not subject to fears, not part of letics, sexy books and plays, and other triv­ an organized and cooperative effort to the action. And what militant will shout ob­ ialities. inspire all personnel at all levels of pro­ scenities in court with contempt hanging "Divide the people into hostile groups by duction within an organization to do their over his head? constantly harping on controversial matters job right the first time, every time. One Too simple? Not at all. Merely an old proc­ of no importance. of the most significant areas of applica­ ess which we seem to have forgotten. It is "Destroy the people's f:..ith in their natural tion has been with defense contractors. too direct for those who seek to employ leaders by holding these latter up to ridi­ A pioneer in this effort is a small com­ Freudian analysis, too positive for "academic cule, obloquy and contempt. senates" who long for philosophical debate "Always preach true democracy, but seize pany in my congressional district, Holex, and too prosaic for those who seek orgiastic power as fast and as ruthlessly as possible. Inc., which received the "Outstanding self-condemnation. "By encouraging government extravagance, Supplier of the Year-1968" award, given This is a. country full of decent, worried destroy its credit, produce fear of infia.tion by the General Electric Missile and Space people like myself. It is also a. country full with rising prices and genera.I discontent. Division. This award calls attention to of people fed up with nonsense. We need "Foment unnecessary strikes in vital in­ the fact that Holex provided error-free ( those of us over 30) , tax ridden, harried, dustries, encourage civil disorders and foster components for the reentry systems de­ confused, weary and beat-up, to reassert our a lenient and soft attitude en the pa.rt of partment of General Electric throughout ha.rd-won prerogatives. the government toward such disorders. the year 1968. It is our country too. We have fought for "By specious argumei.ts cause the break­ it, bled for it, dreamed for it, and we love it. down of the old moral virtures: honesty, Many throughout the Nation have It is time to reclaim it. sobriety, continence, faith in the pledged joined enthusiastically with the Govern­ world, ruggedness. ment in promoting the zero defects con­ "Cause the registration of all firearms on cept. It is a money saver, a time saver, some pretext, with a view to confiscating and it leads to the perfection of the end PA'ITERN OF 1919 BEING USED them and leaving the population helpless." product. Those of us who have worked AGAIN Need more be said? with zero defects since its inception know (Mrs.) JANICE MOOREHEAD GRANT, how well this idea has been accepted by industry and Government, and we feel HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN we are now on the crest of a wave of suc­ OF TENNESSEE PARKVILLE SOLDIER WINS BRONZE cess. But we need and want your help. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAR This country has become the leader of Monday, April 6, 1970 world products through the dedication of individuals who are concerned that if we Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, I feel HON. CLARENCE D. LONG are to remain a first-class power, we must strongly that unless there is a drastic OF MARYLAND return to our American pride of crafts­ change in the American way of life, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manship. The challenge is well delineated apathetic attitude of our citizens toward in an article which recently appeared in world communism may be the ultimate Monday, April 6, 1970 U.S. News & World Report of April 6, downfall of this Nation. Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, 1970, entitled "Japan's Drive To Outstrip The American public must not sit idly Army Staff Sgt. Douglas A. Rush, a fine United States." The article is subtitled by and permit those who advocate the young man from Maryland, was recently "15 Years of Explosive Growth-And overthrow of our Government to accom­ awarded the Bronze Star Medal in Viet­ More To Come" and indicates that plish their ultimate goal. nam. I would like to commend his cour­ Japan's gross national product will jump I have been furnished with a copy of age by including the following article in from $24 billion in 1955 to an estimated a letter to the editor which appeared in the RECORD: $375 billion in 1975. the Nashville Banner on March 17, 1970, PARKVILLE SoLDIER ·wms BRONZE STAR We have only to take a quick glance concerning a raid conducted by the Brit­ at a few of the many items in which Army Army Staff Sergeant Douglas A. Rush, son ish of a Communist headquarters of Mrs. Alda D. Collins, 3014 Woodring Ave., Americans have excelled and in which in occupied Dusseldorf, Germany, in Parkville, received the Bronze Star Medal in we are now losing ground to other coun­ 1919. Viet nam. tries-TV, radio, machine tools, com­ Astonishingly, the rules practiced in S. Sgt. Rush earned the award for merl- puters, and shipbuilding, to name a few. CXIV-658-Part 8 10450 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 Are we to go on recklessly living on breakthroughs stemming from the war. We subordinates-right down to each individual our past laurels without stopping to had achieved a position Of world leadershdp worker. challenge ourselves? Are we going in in the engineering, production and distribu­ Management was seeking the voluntary in­ tion processes and this know-how served us volvement and participation of each em­ the wrong direction? The article to well in developing world markets for our which I refer is graphic proof that we ployee and a number of programs and tech­ products and staying ahead in the field of niques were developed to make sure each em­ must reunite and build only products military hardware-business was good and. ployee was given an opportunity to partici­ that can be stamped with pride, "Built management tended to relax a.nd rely on pa.te in determining the character of his tasks in America by Craftsmen." the proven policies and procedures responsi­ and responsibilities. One of the most notable I have introduced a resolution, House ble for this relatively high level of prosperity was the zero defects program which was de­ Joint Resolution 1094, calling for official and affluence. Then, in the fifties our na.tion veloped and used so successfully by the Aero­ began to take notice of the inroads foreign space industry. recognition of National Zero Defects industry was making on our commercial Week. Adoption of this resolution would markets and of their success in military, It is a fundamental characteristic of the be one more step toward the perfection aerospace, and other scientific areas. This aerospace industry to try to outstrip its prior we should achieve in American products. efforts. This comes not only from the constant competition for world leadership developed pressur~ of competition within this rela­ Let us renew the national team spirit into what was commonly referred to as the cold war. tively new industry, but from the external and ability to work together that have competition (or threat) from those countries propelled us to our position of greatness. Our international prestige was being seri­ ously threatened and we were amazed to find whose interests are hostile to ours. Continued One of those in Government who have that we were behind in several scientific growth, technological breakthroughs, and im­ been dedicated to this cause is Lt. Gen. fields not the least of which was the space proved standards of quality, are an absolute Earl C. Hedlund, Director of the Defense program. Scientific and technological break­ necessity to the success of these aerospace Supply Agency. Following is a speech he programs. In many instances design inven­ throughs were occurring at an ever increas­ tiveness was so rapid and operational experi­ delivered today to the American Society ing pace and improvements in almost every ence was so limited that the outside limits for Zero Defects third annual national field of endeavor resulted in changes render­ of tolerance were difficult to establish and symposium. I commend it to your at­ ing old methods obsolete. These changes dictated an ever increasing the costs of failure were so great that they tention: degree of specialization, automation and literally could not afford to have one-for REMARKS BY LT. GEN. EARL C. HEDLUND, USAF, adjustment in order to mass produce the example, our Apollo program. Management DIRECTOR DEFENSE SUPPLY AGENCY, AT THE highly complex and sophisticated products therefore had to seek every possible means AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ZERO DEFECTS, THIRD of today's world. Further, the more we ad­ of assuring maximum awareness of the nec­ ANNUAL NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, ANAHEIM, vanced the state of the arts, the more de­ essity of doing the job right the first time CALIF. and building in a quality and reliability as manding the specifications, the greater the near to 100 percent as possible-management It's a pleasure to be with you today a.nd need to improve the quality and reliability needed everyone's help in understanding and convey the best wishes of the Department of of our products. Management recognized this developing solutions to their potential prob­ Defense for a most successful symposium. I need by increasing the emphasis on quality think that I can speak for the thousands of control, inspection, and operational testing. lems before they had a chance to develop. servicemen who place their 11 ves on the line These measures were effective, but they There was no time to wait for inspections every day with full confidence in the qual­ caused production delays and high costs due or tests to reveal malfunctions or errors if ity you have built into the planes, ships, to rework; and only directed attention to an the stringent and demanding schedules and tanks and all the other equipment and sup­ isolated fault in procedures, inferior material performance levels were to be met. plies they are using. But, regardless of your or an individual worker's carelessness. We We (and here I mean the whole defense type of business or where your products are were starting this corrective action at the industry /aerospace team) needed everyone's used, I am sure all of us recognize that there end of the production line and each such help in whipping our quality problems; and is a continuing need for programs to main­ action normally sought the solution of a when Martin Marietti\ initiated its zero de­ tain the highest possible standards of qual­ specific problem and did not go beyond the fects program back in 1961, this provided the ity, reliabillty and performance. This need cause of the individual action. This was not impetus for getting everyone on the quality has been dramatized again and again in press good enough; it represented the carrot and team. The program was an immediate suc­ releases regarding consumer disSatisfaction stick theory of management and our quality cess at Martin and spread so quickly that with a wide range of products and services, problems began to compound themselves ev­ in a matter of months many other aerospace in government inspection and failure reports, ery time we updated our capa.bllities. firms adopted the program. And the ma.in and in the increasing number of actions Obviously these actions at best only rep­ idea, as we all now know, was to place the being taken by industry to correct defi­ resented stop gap measures and some of our responsibility for quality in its rightful ciences in product.s already sold. more farsighted managers began to review place-with the people who are doing the As a point of departure for this symposium, their management procedures and their ap­ job-with the people most knowledgeable for we might well ask what's the ca.use of these plication to entire organizational structure. their individual tasks-and with the people well documented and publicized detects? My They found that those in less responsible who are in the best position to effect the answer is management-and many of us in jobs were rebelling against this stepped up changes necessary to insure that the job is this room have contributed to these errors tempo of change and automation. Many saw done right the first time. by not making an all out frontal attack on themselves a mere number in the organiza­ This recognition of the importance of the some of the classical management doctrines tional structure, in danger of being replaced individual's contribution to not only his job still being practiced in our organizations. by machines or becoming a slave to a system but to the whole effort, the final product ( or Make no lllistake-the success of any opera­ which gave them little or no freedom in how in our aerospace efforts-to mission accom­ tion-milita.ry or commercial-is first and to best perform their tasks. This lack of rec­ plishment), cannot be overemphasized. foremost the responsibility of command or ognition and sense of belonging was further Somehow we must continue this emphasis on management. We managers must spotlight influenced by the employee's inability to helping find ways for ea.ch 1nd1Vidua.l to the need for a. realistic appraisal of our pol­ identify with the end. product, because in equate his contribution to the end product icies and management techniques which may most instances, they were but one of many so that improvement in performance comes have been necessary and right at one time, contributors in the production process. They naturally and easily. We must encourage but are obsolete in today's fast changing never saw many of their co-workers or their everyone to use his brain and exercise imag­ world. end products. This lack of employee motiva­ ination in the performance of his tasks. we For example, during World War II when tion, sense of accomplishment and pride in must get people to be more observant so if American industry was forced to increase the the organization's products resulted in the one pair of eyes makes a mistake another size of their organizations, develop new pro­ development of a new theory of participatory pair will not agree Without looking. We must duction line techniques and train thousands management. Simply stated this theory is get people to use their common sense, initia­ of new employees, we relied heavily on man­ based on the principle that decisions are tive and know-how in bringing their prob­ agement engineers or systems analysts to likely to be better, and to be implemented lems to management instead of waiting for predetermine the tasks to be performed and better, if those responsible for the imple­ management to initiate the corrective action. then carefully programed these tasks to mentation are allowed to participate in mak­ It's not better theory that we need. This insure minimal time, cost and effort. These ing them. has been spelled out in all of our modern management techniques worked well and Under the participatory approach, the em­ management and leadership textbooks and they enabled us to develop new standards of ployee is given an area of freedom in deter­ courses. I would imagine that everyone in performance leading to a higher level o'f pro­ mining how to best perform his tasks and this room has studied and discussed the duction than any nation in the history of the the management support he needs to use principles of good management. But this is world. However, this was war-everyone was this freedom effectively. Each level of man­ n-ot enough, we're got to act, to develop a personally involved a.nd our motivation to agement is asked to share its knowledge, system giving everyone a piece of the ac­ do the best possible job, regardless of the skill, and experience with their subordinates tion, and be judged by what we do-not by task assigned, was clearly related to survival. and conversely let the subordinates take part what we say. Zero defects is just such an ac­ After the war, American industry re­ in the decisionmaking process. In so doing, tion program but management must be con­ grouped and converted plants to take advan­ the subordinate can augment his own capa­ vinced of the need for improvements; man­ tage of the many technological and scientific bllities, and in turn pass this on to his agement must establish the proper climate Apri1 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS -OF REMARKS 1045l and administrative procedures; and manage­ individual to become a cog in an impersonal undoubtedly will hear of others during the ment must be willing to sustain the pro­ machine. It is easy to become so bemused by course of this seminar. In fact my staff ad­ gram.. the organization chart or the computer or the vises me that figures available from contrac­ It is the policy of the Defense Department weapons system or the cost-effective calculus tors with ZD programs reveal that for every to adopt ZD programs in-house and to en­ that one forgets about the human beings by dollar spent on ZD, they have averaged a courage their adoption by industry if ZD whom and for whom these things are pro­ return of $12, and that this excludes intangi­ serves intdustry's interest. It is not, how­ duced and used." ble benefits derived from the program. ever, the policy of the DOD to demand that "It ls easy to slip into an inflexible bureau­ Although DSA is not designed to produce a industry establish ZD programs. The DOD cratic routine without ever pausing to see profit for stockholders we are keenly con­ instruction which established the DOD Zero the deadening impact of this routine on scious of costs in our operations. Last year we Defects program reads as follows: initiative, innovation and leadership. It is obligated over $5 billion and administered "Defense contractors, on a voluntary easy to centrallze the power to make direc­ 238,000 contracts for the military services and basis, shall be encouraged to establish and tions and the power to spur action at the defense agencies with a value of $54.7 billion. maintain zero defects type programs as a top of a large organization and, in the proc­ Insuring a quality product, according to mutual benefit to contractors and the Gov­ ess, to stifle the bright idea and the restless specification and schedule, is still one of our ernment at no additional cost to the DOD." energy of people down the line." biggest challenges. With respect to the DOD in-house activi­ I am convinced that there are a lot of good Recently, my staff and I met with the lo­ ties, the DOD instruction provides the fol­ ideas stemming from observant workers, gistic chiefs of each of the services, and their lowing: foremen, and managers. We urgently need to staffs. Although many logistic subjects were "Zero defects programs shall be estab­ promote the generation and communication discussed at these conferences, one concern lished, within available resources, in DOD of these ideas, and some of the speakers fol­ emerged loud and clear from all of these "in-house" activities responsible for pro­ lowing me will describe how they are accom­ meetings. That concern was the need to place duction, maintenance and storage of ma­ plishing this, and the results they are achiev­ greater emphasis on controlling quality and terial, and in such other activities where ing. In fact, some of our greatest ideas reliability in our military procurements. zero defects programs can be effectively stemmed from imaginative people who were Our contract administration services peo­ used." able to perceive the significance of what ple have been devoting a lot of time and ef­ In accordance with this policy ZD pro­ they were seeing. I am sure most of you have fort to selling contractors the concept that gra.ms--many very energetic and success­ heard the story of how penicillin was dis­ good quality practices save money and en­ ful-have been adopted throughout indus­ covered when a piece of green mold acci­ hance their competitive position. We are try, the military services and in the defense dentally drifted in through Alexander Flem­ stressing to our plant representatives and supply agency. In general these programs ing's laboratory window and destroyed some contractors the need for effective contractor have worked out well and have served the bacteria he was growing in a Petri dish. inspection systems and quality control pro­ interest of both the DOD and industry. From Alexander Graham Bell worked for months grams and the need to sell zero defects. a personal standpoint, starting with my to make a hearing aid for his wife and dis­ DSA is applying substantial resources to school days where the teachers helped point covered the principles of the telephone. Clar­ insure the quality of the products procured out faults; to my years as a flyer where pi­ ence Birdseye watched Eskimos pull fish from for DOD and NASA. About 40% of our con­ lot error was constantly being investigated; the water. The fish were soon frozen. Adapta­ tract administration workforce ls committed to today's climate where DSA and others tion of this idea led to the Birdseye Frozen to quality assurance. We utilize about 9,000 sometimes get assistance from the General Food business. A broken arm motivated of our people and expend almost $100 mil­ Accounting Office and Congress in pointing Charles Kettering to develop the self-starter lion a year in these efforts at some 22,000 out shortcomings, I know of no organization for automobiles. (I've done this myself on plants. I think much of this could be avoided or business that couldn't have profited from a Model T Ford.) if our contractors used ZD to augment and zero defects. When a train wreck delayed his journey, improve their quality assurance program. Keep in mind, however, that zero defects George Westinghouse began to think about DSA recognizes the benefits of ZD and is not an end in itself and no group of ZD the value of an air brake. Thomas Edison have, along with other defense activities, experts or practitioners can long sustain adapted the principle of the motion picture initiated a viable, driving program. We have a program that is not integrated into the camera from a mechanical toy. Benjamin extended the program into every element of mainstream of line management. It must Franklin cut the lenses of two pairs of eye our organization and have encouraged all of have top management's support and be glasses and made bifocals because he wa-S our contractors to establish similar pro­ made a regular part of each supervisor's tired of carrying two pairs of glasses. grams. We record tangible results through a daily routine. While our ZD results may not be as dra­ quarterly reporting system which features: I don't care what you call it, Zero Defects, ma.tic, our observation has been that there Identification of the causes of errors; and Pride, VIP, CARE, PQ, or something that have been many significant payoffs in terms the establishment of goals; supervisor and really swings like Hana Pookela (that's the of increased efficiency, lower costs and re­ employee training; and recognition and Hawaiian name for superior craftsmanship) duced expenses. award for results. no motivation or employee participation For instance, one company reported an ap­ Our system regularly indicates that we a.re program can long exist as a sideshow outside proximate 40% reduction in defects over a reducing errors, we are improving perform­ the mainstream of our management process. two year period with estimated savings of $2 ance and we are obtaining the thoughtful I think we would all agree that the suc­ million. participation of our employees at every level cess of a ZD program depends on four fac­ In an aerospace plant, where performance For example, during the first half of FY 1970, tors: improvement and estimated cost avoidance DSA employees have submitted over 3,200 ( 1) Management direction and full sup­ are computed by comparing current quality error ca.use identification suggestions, 2,000 port; performance with the quality performance of which were adopted. We have set over (2) Intensive detailed planning and train­ during the first month that each department 1,500 motivating performance goals at our ing; participated in the pl'ogram--estimated an­ activities and to date have achieved almost ( 3) Measurement of progress against goals nual cost avoidances amounting to over $7 half of these. Official recognition was given that the employees have had a part in estab­ million were reported during the past two to over 2,000 of our employees for their con­ lishing and which mean something to them; years. tribution to the program. ( 4) Establishment of procedures by which Another company, in only one year, was Specific examples of DOD in-house activ­ all employees can identify problem areas and able to reduce a 100% inspection tear-down ity savings are almost as drama.tic as those submit recommendations for produce im­ of aircraft engines to one tear-down in 30 reported by our contractors. For example, provement with the knowledge that these engines. after initiation of a ZD program at a naval recommendations are being sought, consid­ A drug manufacturer reported they have a shipyard, welding shop workers turned out ered, and used by all levels of management. classification of defects considered minor and error free welding on 48,751 linear feet of Of these I would attach prime importance non-essential but still objectionable to the section butts of a nuclear submarine. This to the first and last. If the boss isn't in on customer. It might involve a. slightly is equal to 9.23 miles of welding without a the action and if the employees can't really smudged label, or a scratched carton. Be­ defect-a significant quality achievement! make their voices heard-then ZD is mean­ fore the program, these harmless defects were This accomplishment will save the Navy ap­ ingless. It is interesting to note that the running at a rate of around 1 % . Within a proximately $205,000 of total ship cost on the general theme of ZD, particularly the error year they were reduced to a quarter of that, submarine. cause removal feature, is similar in philos­ and they are currently running at one tenth At an Air Force operational base, reduc­ ophy to the concept of participatory man­ of 1%. tion in jet engine test cell reject rates from agement being pushed in the Defense Depart­ A bearing manufacturer reported a reduc­ 15% to 7% were achieved after initiation ot ment by Secretary Laird and Mr. Packard. tion of 60 % in his scrap expenses and a 20 % a zero defects program. Mr. Laird recognized the need for enlight­ increase in production while using the same One Army arsenal reduced scrap and re­ ened management attitudes, improved com­ equipment and With no change in employ­ work in ordnance items with the result in munications and individual recognition when ment levels. validated savings of $318,000 in a year. he said: These are but a few examples of the cost A DSA supply center reported an error "In big organizations, lt 1s easy for the effectiveness of zero defects programs; you cause identification and removal action 10452 EXTENSfONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 which resulted in the procurement of zinc CANCER IN EVERY POT? try industry brought constant pressure on coated steel door hinges in place of the the office of this administrator. and the nickelplated brass hinges previously pur­ poultry inspection staff was constantly de­ chased which resulted in FY 1969 savings ot HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL fending its inspection criteria and standards $208,800. OF NEW YORX from allegations that it caused the industry Finally, we now have about 1,500 prime to lose too many birds." contractors participating in the program and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A basic question is why those funds squan­ an estimate of some 20,000 subcontractors Monday, April 6, 1970 dered on the cosmetic vaccine have not been and vendors. This level of participation by spent to determine whether avian leukosis is cost conscious businessmen who are in a Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, work­ hazardous to human health? The National highly competitive market is clear evidence ing with the Children's Foundation and Institute of Health (NIH) earmarked $1.5 of the benefits they are receiving from the the Center for the Study of Responsive million on cancer research where avian leu­ program. Law, Jerrold N. Oppenheim has pro­ kosis is a model for the study, but the study On the contractor award side of the ledger, duced an alarming article indicating that is not directed toward its transmissability to DSA has processed and approved over 1200 the Government has spent vast amounts man. The U.S. Department of Agriculture participation awards for presentation to our (USDA) during the past two years allocated prime contractors. Eligibility for the partici­ of money to develop a vaccine to prevent the development of cancerous lesions by the largest part of a $1.2 million leukosis re­ pation award requires the accomplishment of search fund for the vaccine which keeps a several program milestones such as manage­ chickens infected with avian leukosis. This approach, as Mr. Oppenheim notes, chicken pretty. ment support, 85 % employee participation, The vaccine's development was detailed in goal setting, error cause identification and ignores the basic issue of whether chick­ January 1970 by Dr. Ben Burmester in error cause removal suggestions, vendor par­ ens infected with the virus, whether or Poultry Meat, a.n industry publication, and ticipation and a recognition program. In ad­ not they develop lesions, are dangerous was discussed with much fanfare at a scien­ dition, over 360 achievement awards, the sec­ to man and diverts resources from the ond highest award available, have been pre­ tific meeting on virology by Dr. H. Graham sented. This award requires 90 % employee effort, recommended by the Surgeon Purchase in early February. Both are govern­ participation and higher levels in all of the General, to develop a virus-free strain of ment researchers. other criteria. Finally, almost 50 craftsman­ chickens. Dr. Burmester apparently voices the ship awards, the highest award available, The article, "A Cancer in Every Pot?" USDA view in his article. He expresses great have been presented since the inception of appears in the first issue of PIC News. I enthusiasm for the vaccine. He writes, "the the defense program. The majority of these chicks become infected with the virus and include it in the RECORD, along with that they also become infected with the regular have been to aircraft and aerospace con­ newsletter's review of the USDA Ad­ tractors who were among the first to recog­ Marek's virus but the lesion is completely nize the merit of the ZD effort. visory Committee on Criteria for Poultry prevented. We're not preventing or stopping Let's continue to exhibit this same kind of Inspection: the spread of infection." (Emphasis added.) management expertise in the future by dem­ A CANCER IN EVERY POT? Publication of information concerning the onstrating our ability to do a job well plus ( By Jerrold N. Oppenheim) vaccine occurred only a few months after the the desire to do it better. Let's talk about our USDA-in a June "purge"-changed the The U.S. government has spent millions of composition of its Advisory Committee on future in terms of promise-not pitfalls. Let's dollars developing a. cosmetic to mask the talk about the growth that lies ahead for Criteria for Poultry Inspection (see chart). presence of cancer in chickens and thus save When reports were leaked that the new com­ you, your organizations and your Nation. the poultry industry millions more. Virtually We must learn to manage change and engi­ mittee members submitted recommendations no funds have been spent to discover whether to weaken inspection criteria determining neer progress to serve the ever expanding the disease is dangerous to man. needs of our people. which chickens are to be condemned be­ It's my contention that zero defects is not The disease is avian leukosis or chicken cause of avian leukosis, public pressure a program you work on when you have time leukemia. The cosmetic is a. new vaccine forced Jesse L. Steinfeld, Surgeon General or when money is easy. It's when money is developed by government research labora­ of the United States, to name his own com­ tight, competition is keen and conditions are tories. It neither cures the disease nor elimi­ mittee to review the new recommendations. not conducive to growth that we really need nates the virus which causes lt. Instead, it Little is known of the Surgeon General's zero defects. It's an investment in our future merely makes the disease-carrying bird less group, but one member, who prefers to re­ and provides an excellent basis for charting repugnant to the eye. main anonymous, says that there was a our progress. Avian leukosis is characterized by lesions, definite split of opinion during an ad hoc The greatest danger to management think­ and, in its more acute stages, tum.ors located meeting on January 29. Yet, only seven days ing in this age of specialization is ob­ most frequently on the liver, spleen, or skin. later, USDA Secretary Clifford M. Hardin an­ solescence. Improvement is accelerating However, like most virus diseases, leukosis nounced: "Even though there is no known everywhere at such a rate that we need a may be carried by animals that show no sign link between poultry leukosis virus and hu­ planned program to meet the threat of of disease. Such "ca.rriers" or "shedders," as man health, it is esthetically undesirable and obsolescence. Professor Schell from MIT used they are called, may transmit the virus just unacceptable to pass for human food a.ny an analogy which I believe sums it up quite a.s easily as the clinically ill. USDA studies poultry showing visible signs of leukosis le­ well, he said: indicate that more than 90 per cent of a sions or tumors." His decision was based on "We must ride the waves of change. A broiler flock may carry the disease if 10 per an opinion from the Surgeon General. skilled practitioner takes his surfboard out cent or more of the birds show the disease. The heart of that opinion states: "Not from the shallows as far as two miles from Most scientists agree that two viruses are only is there no evidence that poultry prod­ shore. When an incoming wave reaches a cer­ responsible for lymphoid leukosis t-nd ucts are a hazard to man as a possible cause tain point, he mounts the board ahead of Marek's disease, the two diseases of chickens of cancer, but the data strongly supports a the wave and rides his way into the beach, which together are known as avian leukosis. positive sta.tement that transmission of can­ a two-mile jaunt. He doesn't change the By the estimate of Dr. Martin Sevoian, Uni­ cer from chickens to man does not occur." wave; he doesn't alter it; he doesn't fight it. versity of Massachusetts agricultural experi­ This is strange, considering that the Surgeon He capitalizes on it." mental station scientist, of a total of 5,030,- General's own comm.Lttee of experts was split Remember-the surfboard rider is ahead of 000,000 pounds of young chickens federally and the NIH public information office states the wave, not behind it. certified as wholesome in 1968, a total of 60 categorically that no research has been con­ · It's been a real pleasure meeting with you percent carried leukosis virus. ducted in this field. Further, there is dis­ today and I am only sorry that prior commit­ Leukosis Viruses apparently are effectively agreement among scientists at NIH on the ments prevent me from remaining for the killed during cooking when the inside tem­ issue. balance of your symposium-for I consider perature of the host chicken reaches 54°C• An aide to Virginia Knauer, special assist­ the attainment of your society's objectives that's about 125°F-for 30 minutes. Chicken ant to President Nixon for consumer affairs, to be critical to the future of our country. is not very palatable uncooked, but chicken said, "The letters we have received are the Zero defects has and will continue to serve livers are pretty tasty after only 10 minutes most virulent that have come in on any our national self-interest as well as the self- broiling. Eggs cooked sunny side up are topic. The housewives are really enraged at 1nterest of each one of us as citizens of our barely cooked at all. Furthermore, raw poul­ the possibility the ba.n will be relaxed." communities, as citizens of this Nation and try is often handled by persons With open One housewife wrote, "Dear Mrs. Knauer: as co-workers in both the Department of De­ cuts on their hands, such as workers, inspec­ We are having cancerous chicken tonight. fense and Industry. tors, and housewives. You are invited." Another said tha.t she did In closing, I think even the most skeptical Avian leukosis costs the poultry industry not want to wonder when she selected among you agree that we must continue our an estimated $150-$200 million a year ln chicken at her local supermarket whether quest for a better quality of effort and prod­ chickens condemned because of visible tu­ "the right leg was cancerous so it was cu1i uct in all our operations. After all, if we mors. Natura.Uy the producers are not over­ off and I am getting the left one. A sick don't learn anything from our mistakes, there joyed at the loss. They have campaigned for chicken (is) sick all over." is no point in making them. a weakening of condemnation standards and There is speculation that humans have Thank you for your hospitality and are enthusiastic about the cosmetic vaccine. been infected with avian leukosis. attentiveness. A former USDA official says: "The poul- Rhesus monkeys died within four months April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10453 after being innoculated with a virus (Rous Dr. Craig, according to bis colleagues, was tured regular news commentaries by identi­ Sarcoma virus) that causes cancer in a consultant to the Southeastern Poultry and fied Communists and Black Panthers, tapes chickens. Egg Association and now is at Holly Farms made by Radio Hanoi; Red Chinese propa­ Dr. Robert T. Huebner, A National Can­ Poultry Industries, Inc. Dr. Schmittle is at ganda and advocacy of blowing up police cer Institute (NCI) scientist, while certain Vantress Farms, Inc. Dr. Ibsen consults with stations and fire houses. Hence the case willy­ thait the viruses a.re not transmissable to the industry as part of his extension work, as nilly involves official clarification of funda­ man, is afraid that Marek's disease tumors does Dr. Marsh. Dr. Sadler served as an mental issues of public policy. For one thing, might be capable of causing cancer when unpaid consultant on the Scientific Advisory it raises the question of whether such pro­ ea.ten. Still, Dr. Huebner can "Justify ri.ot Committee of the Pacific Dairy and Poultry gramming is in the public interest, which condemning them (chickens) when the cost Association and Dr. Edgar has served the the Commission, in the licensing of broad­ thereof is considered." industry in many paid and unpaid positions. casters, is supposed to serve. Is it proper to Others have far more alarming views. Dr. Hitchner owned a vaccine business which ban cigaret advertising because smoking Dr. Padman Sanna., another NCI scientist, he and his partners sold for $1.5 million to might be detrimental to health, but continue says that chickens infected with avian leu­ Abbott Laboratories, for which he continued to license Pacifica stations which time and kosis should not be ea.ten or handled by any­ to consult. Dr. Burmester is a member of again have allegedly advocated mass violence one. He is receptive to the idea of poultry the advisory committee of the National Poul­ and murder? Is such programming protected workers wearing gloves and using face masks. try Research Foundation, an industry-spon­ by the Constitutional guarantee of freedom He also advises against eating soft boiled sored institution, and makes numerous pres­ of speech and/ or the legislative ban on cen­ eggs. This latter concern is reinforced by entations to various industry groups and sorship? Dr. Howard H. Temin of the University of trade publications. The hearings may result in a tightened Wisconsin Medical Center, who says that raw J .O. FCC definition of an educational broadcast­ eggs should not be fed to new-born infants. er. They also may focus public attention on Dr. W. Ray Bryan, an NCI administrator, t he failure of the Commission to investigate wrote, "It would be premature at this point to AIR WAVE POLLUTION the financial backing of applicants once they rule out avian leukosis viruses as a potential qualify as "educational." contributor to man's leukemia. problem." The case already has shown how little the Dr. Earl J. Splitter, a. USDA veterinarian, HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK agency does to keep track of over 7 ,600 sta­ says that "It would be better not to have OF OHIO tions now operating under license. The FCC them (infected chickens) on the market." has no monitoring staff; a complaints branch Dr. Ludwig Gross, who received the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of exactly five full-time people handles com­ Nations prize for his original isolation of Monday, April 6, 1970 plaints involving all of them. It also has the mouse leukemia virus, writes, "Under revealed how matters of great import re­ present laboratory conditions, it appears that Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the ferred to the Justice Department sometimes the mouse leukemia virus is limited in its cun-ent issue of Barron's, the weekly fail to reach the top authorities. Thus, while pathogenic potential to mice and rats, and publication covering activities in the the Pacifica case involves allegations of sub­ that the chicken leukemia virus is patho­ business and financial :fields, carried a version and incitement to riot, Deputy Attor­ genic only for chickens. We may well learn, front-page, indepth treatment of the ney General Richard R. Kleindienst told Bar­ however, in future studies, that this is not Pacifica Foundation, a radical organiza­ ron's that nothing involving Pacifica has necessarily true and that under certain con­ been brought to his attention. ditions the chicken leukemia. virus may be tion of some 2C years' standing which is By the time the Pacifica case proceeds from able to pass the species barrier. Its possible operating :five radio stations and is ap­ the hearings before a trial examiner and harmful effect for humans has yet to be plying for a :fifth. According to the author reaches the full Commission, the term of one determined." of the Barron's article, Mrs. Shirley of its most liberal members, Kenneth Cox, Dr. Sevoia.n, the University of Massachu­ Scheibla, Pacifica has consistently will have expired. Thus, Pacifica also is likely setts researcher, is so concerned about the abused its status as an educational to supply an indication of whether a new problem that "I don't sleep nights." broadcaster by a1rmg statements of Republican majority will reverse the liberal sources advocating violence against bias which the agency has displayed to date LATEST USDA ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON in broadcasting licensing. The case also will CRITERIA FOR POULTRY INSPECTION American institutions, the Communist indicate how far FCC's ultra-liberal com­ A survey of pa.st and present USDA Com­ line on the Vietnam war, and anti-Semi­ missioner, Nicholas Johnson, can go without mittee members indicates that the June tism, to name but a few areas. This is disqualification. "purge" of the Committee dropped six mem­ not surprising, for a number of years The record indicates that the FCC should bers who were known advocates of strength­ ago the Senate Internal Security Sub­ have considered most of these questions in ening or at least not changing the avian committee held hearlngs on Pacifica and a public hearing and acted on them long leukosis condemnation standards. But three documented its leftist leanings. These ago. FCC's complaint files bulge with letters new members were added, all favoring re­ and telegrams--some dating back years­ disclosures apparently made little differ­ from citizens voicing alarm over Pacifica's laxation of the standard. The Committee's ence to a liberally oriented Federal line up thus was changed from --8-4 favoring programs and beseeching the Commission no change in standard to 6-2 favoring the Communications Commission as Pacifica to a.ct. On June 2, 1969, Mrs. Hans K. Ury marketing of more leukotic birds. (While continued on its merry way dispensing of Berkeley wrote the FCC about the role technically the terms of Committee members its brand of "education." With new lead­ she said KPFA played in the so-called Peo­ a.re only for two years, 11 of the 12 members ership at the Commission, it is hoped ple's Park riot. According to her letter, were routinely reappointed in 1967.) Dr. Bur­ that corrective action will be taken. KPFA broadcast appeals by Max Scheer, mester, a. new member of the USDA Commit­ I insert at this point the article, "Air editor of the underground publication, Berke­ tee, was appointed to the Surgeon General's ley Barb, for reinforcements to go to the group. Wave Pollution," by Mrs. Shirley site to battle the police. Scheibla which appears in the April 6 The complaint prompted an FCC letter of issue of Barron's. Views:- inquiry to the station, which drew this re­ [From Barron's, Apr. 6, 1970) sponse from station manager Alfred Silbo­ Member 1967~8 1969-70 Am WAVE POLLUTION-THE PACIFICA FOUNDA­ witz: "Mrs. Ury's allegations are without TION HAS BROADCAST IT FOR YEARS foundation. Station personnel at no time Dr. Eugene W. Adams ______No change ____ Dropped. encouraged listeners to oppose the police or Dr. Frank R. Craig 1______Relaxation ____ Relaxation.2 WASHINGTON, D.C.-On April 21 the Fed­ to go to the scene of the news event that was Dr. Samual A. Edgar. ______Relaxation ____ Relaxation. eral Communications Commission will open Dr. Leland C. Grumbles ______No change ____ Dropped. being covered." The files indicate no further Dr. Melvin S. Hofstead ______No change____ Do. hearings on competing applications for this action by the Commission, although a wire Dr. David Ibsen'------Relaxation ____ Relaxation. city's last available educational FM radio from Martin Rabkin to the FCC indicated Dr. Clyde A. Marsh ______No change ____ Dropped. station. The proceedings should attract na­ that KPFA was ordered by the Berkeley pol­ Dr. Benjamin S. Pomeroy 1_____ No change ____ No change. tionwide attention, if only because one of Dr. Walter W. Sadler 1 ______do______Do. ice to stop its live, on-the-scene broadcasting Dr. Samuel C. Schmittle ______Relaxation ____ Dropped: the applicants is the ultra-leftist Pacifica of the riot. joined -Foundation. Though Pacifica ha.s been high­ A letter to the Commission from David industry. ly controversial ever since FCC licensed it Dr. Marti~_Sevoi~n ______No change ___ Droppped. Bolender of Long Beach alleges that on Dr. P. Ph1hp Levine ______do.______do. to operate its initial radio station 20 years March 7, 1969, a member of the Black Pan­ Dr. William J. Benton 1 ______Relaxation. a.go, this will be the Commission's first hear­ thers said over KPFK that Los Angeles police Dr. Ben R. Burmester.______Do. ing involving the Foundation, which now kill black babies and exhorted his audience Dr. Stephen B. Hitchner______Do. has :five. It began launching its :fifth, in to kill the Los Angeles police. Again, Harvey Houston, early this month, and its right S. Frey, M.D., of Los Angeles wired the Com­ as!o~l~te~~t answer questionnaire; information supplied by to continue to operate hangs upon the out­ mission, "I request that you obtain and save come of the Washington case. 2 No longer a member of the committee, but a member at the a tape of the program, 'Black Is Beautiful,' time of meetings. According to FCC files and the Congres­ broadcast by KPFA on February 16, 1969. The Note: No change-Supports no change or strengthened sional Record, programs broadcast recently statements made by the host of the program criteria. Relaxation-Supports a relaxation of standards. over wholly owned Pacifica stations have fea- at about 5:50 p.m. constitute in my mind a 10454 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Apri"l 6, 1970 direct Incitement to riot, murder and rob­ present danger in permitting anti-Semitic Some Congressmen who have told the bery... views to be sent over the air.'' Commission they do not believe it ls in the Complaint files on Pacifl.ca's New York Swamped with other complaints, FCC in­ public interest to license Pacifica stations station, WBAI, are even thicker. On April vestigated and found that WBAI afforded have received scorching letters from Max D. 7, 1968, Robert Potter of Clifton, N.J., wrote adequate opportunity for the presentation of Paglin, FCC executive director, telling them that after the death of Martin Luther King, opposite viewpoints, though there is no evi­ that it is not appropriate to comment on WBAI carried a speech which urged listeners dence in the public files that such view­ "pending adjudicatory matters." "to blow up power plants, police stations points actually were broadcast. The Com­ Commissioner Nicholas Johnson refers to and water stations in retribution for the mission took no further action in the case. Pacifica in a new book he has written, How death of our leader." That same month, Her­ Francis X. Worthington, chief of the Civil to Talk Back to Your TV Set. On pages 212- man H. Kahn of New York expressed concern Section of the Internal Security Division of 213, he says: "Many communities have the a.bout a WBAI broadcast of a news report the Justice Department, told Barron's that in blessing of community-supported non-com­ from Moscow consisting of verbatim quota­ his opinion, incitement to riot is not action­ mercial stations. The Pacifica Foundation tions of Pravda and Izvestia concernin.; the able unless a. broadcast advocates a specific operates radio stations WBAI in New York, assassination of Dr. King. Mr. Kahn said it time and place for a riot. Asked if he be­ KPFA in Berkeley and KPRK (sic) in Los was "a thinly veiled call to arms, riot and lieved the Department could prosecute for a Angeles. It has recently begun a. new station revolution. • . . I was told in advance about broadcast advocating blowing up police sta­ in Houston." this broadcast by Negro friends who advised tions, he said he did not believe so unless it Last December Commissioner Johnson told that a telephone chain squad was formed said which police station and when. He ex­ the Senate Communications Subcommittee, to urge Negroes throughout the metropolitan plained that he based his opinion on the "I have never received in my office, to my area to tune to this station. . . . If ever U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Yates knowledge, a letter from anyone complaining there was a call to riot, this was it. If ever case. In that case the high tribunal ruled about a Pacifica program." However, FCC there was a shout of fire in a. crowded thea­ advocacy of violence legal if it is "divorced files contain a letter dated August 19, 1968, ter, this was it." from any effort to instigate action toward addressed to Mr. Johnson from Michael I. William B. Ray, Chief of the FCC Com­ that end." Neidich of 302 McCall Avenue, West Islip, plaints and Compliance Division, replied to FCC's new chairman, Dean Burch, asked N.Y., who identifies himself as "Electronic Mr. Kahn that the Commission must not if he felt FCC could move against broadcast­ Engineer, MIT '60." Mr. Neidich wrote in censor, and that expressions of views which ers who carry programs advocating blowing part, "I would like to register a complaint involve no clear and present danger of serious up police and fire stations, replied, "Of course concerning FM radio station WBAI in New substantive evil come under the protection we can; that's against the law." York City..•. My children of impressionable of Constitutional guarantees of free speech. FCC need not rely on complaints to realize age have access to my FM receiver, and at 7 Senator Jacob K. Ja.vits (R., N.Y.) for­ that Pacifica presents highly controversial a.m.., they should not be subjected to the warded to the Commission a letter from M. I. programs. The Foundation has fl.led with the vocabulary which so often emanates from Thomas, president of Tempco of Passaic, N.J., Commission examples of its programming, this station.... I can only interpret the pro­ which said that on January 10, 1969, WBAI which include the following: "From The gramming of WBAI a direct affront to the broadcast programs of Black Panthers, in­ Center: On China. Although the People's Re­ good people who are the lifeblood of our cluding Mrs. Eldridge Cleaver, in which "they public of China refused to send a represent­ nation, and I cannot see how you can allow spoke at length on the reasons for eliminat­ ative to the Pacem in Terris II Convocation them to continue." ing certain members of the Negro community in Geneva, their view was forcefully expressed The files also contain a letter of September who did not conform to their standards of by Paul T. K. Lin, associate professor of his­ 16, 1968, addressed to Mr. Neidich and signed militancy. The elimination in the context of tory at McGlll University in Canada. This by Mr. Johnson, in which the Commissioner the discussion was a clear synonym for mur­ tape is one in the series produced by the said, in part, "One problem in dealing with der, and I cannot help but be concerned Fund for the Republic project, the Center this type of concern is that the Commission about its effect upon a large and perhaps un­ for the Study of Democratic Institutions, may not censor programs unless they a.re sophisticated radio audience. I note that the Santa Barbara, Calif..•• clearly obscene. And as you know the legal station Folio (program guide) presents these "Washington Confrontation. A weekly standards for obscenity are not completely Black Panther programs on a regular basis, series in which a panel of journalists inter­ clear." and it ls possible that this poison is being view politicians, JX)litical figures, civil serv­ Several members of Congress have asked broadcast with alarming frequency." ants and other Washingtonians. Panelists for an exhaustive FCC investigation of Robert v. Cahlll, legislative assistant to are Seymour Hirsch, author of Chemical and Pacifica and for an opportunity to present the FCC chairman, wrote Senator Javits: "If Biological Warfare; Andrew Kopkind, U.S. their information on the !oundation to the Mr. Thomas has reason to believe that station correspondent for the New Statesman and a Commission during a hearing. They have WBAI has failed on an overall basis to pre­ contributing editor of Mayday (Barron's, been curtly told that they should have fl.led sent opposing viewpoints on any such issue January 12); James Ridgeway, also of May­ a formal petition within a stated time pe­ and will furnish speciftc factual evidence, day, and Lee Webb, Washington correspond­ riod. Though the Commission has not so the Commission will make appropriate in­ ent of Ramparts. • • • informed them, they could appear as wit­ quiries." "Colin Wilson: Human Evolution and the nesses (for the competing applicants) at the All Pacifica stations, including WBAI, New Psychology. Mr. Wilson discusses the April hearing. readily acknowledge that they regularly natural sciences and their effect on psychol­ A former FCC member flatly states: "Pa­ broadcast programs by homosexuals for ogy, touching on LSD and other mind-chang­ cifica is the most outstanding case in point homosexuals. When one listener requested ing drugs. The talk was delivered in San demonstrating the Commission's liberal bias time under the fairness doctrine to present Francisco at the Esalen Institute lecture in licensing." The foundation's first license his case against homosexuality, WBAI re­ series." was for KPFA in Berkeley back in 1949. At sponded to FCC that "the tone and content According to the Congressional Record of that time the station was affllla.ted with a. of his literature has not indicated to us that February 8, 1966, Paciftca stations broadcast university and won an "educational" rating. he would be able to contribute constructively pa.rts of tapes produced by Radio Hanoi, made Thereafter, according to Congressional testi­ to a discussion of the general issues." FCC copies and then turned them over to the mony, all new Paciftca stations automatically apparently let the matter drop. FBI. They reportedly urged the United were classified as "educational" without the On December 26, 1968, Lester Campbell, a States to withdraw from Vietnam and sug­ need for a university affiliation or other qual­ former teacher of Afro-American History at gested ways for American soldiers to avoid ification for such status. The classification a junior high school in New York, read a serving there. meant that Pacifica. stations did not have to blatantly anti-Semitic poem over WBAI. Over A broadcast of Radio Hanoi monitored by disclose their financial backing to the FCC. the same station on January 23, 1969, Tyrone the U.S. Government reported on an inter­ In 1954 Pacifica acquired a license for a Woods, representing Concerned Parents and view North Vietnamese Minister of State, second Berkeley station, KPFB. According to Students of Bedford-Stuyvesant, said, in Xuan Thuy, gave to Robert Rinaldo of Pa­ Commissioner Cox: "When Paciftca sought part: "What Hitler did to six million Jews olfica in Paris in 1968. According to the moni­ a second station in the Berkeley area to fill is nothing in terms of what has been done tored. version of August 14, 1968, the inter­ a gap in its coverage the Commission itself to black folks over hundreds of years...• view carried this statement by Minister suggested ... that the Foundation could per­ As far as I am concerned, more power to Thuy: "In South Vietnam under the leader­ haps qualify for an educational FM chan­ Hitler. Hitler didn't make enough lamp­ ship of the NFLSV, the Liberation armed nel. ... In many cases the only aspect of the shades out of them." forces and people have won ever greater vic­ station's operations which has educational The poem was dedicated to Albert Shanker, tories in their fight against the U.S. aggres­ overtones is that the facility is used to train head of the United Federation of Teachers, sors and their lackeys. At present, they a.re students 1n broadcast techniques." and brought a prompt protest to FCC from stepping up the People's War and· launching the Federation's director of public relations, oontl.nuous attacks to annihilate a great In 1954 the Commission also announced a Dan Sanders. Representative Emanuel Celler number of puppet troops and to wrest back proposed rule which would have denied a (D., N.Y.). himself Jewish and chairman of real power to the people so that the United radio license to anyone who was a Communist the House Judiciary Committee, said the Con­ States will find it impossible to continue its or not of good moral character. Paciftca stitutional guarantee of freedom of speech war of aggression and materialize its neo­ blasted the proposal as an unconstitutional does not allow WBAI to ignore "the clear and colonialism in South Vietnam... extension of regulatory power. In 1960, with April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10455 the rule-making proceeding still pending, sources of funds for the Pacifica. stations, the Communist Party. The July 13, 1968, FCC a.warded Pacifica still another station, particularly in view of your testimony that issue of People's World said, "Steve Mur­ WBAI in New York City. Pacifica. broadcasts Communistic material as dock, political writer for the People's World, By 1962 FCC dropped the proceeding, with­ well a.s other stuff?" will be heard in a commentary over KPFA at out adopting the anti-Communist rule. The Commissioner Johnson seems to know more 7 p.m.... Murdock will be heard every two following year the Senate Internal Security about Pacifica's :finances than Commissioner weeks during the summer." Subcommittee held extensive hearings on Cox. In March 1969 he said that Pacifica During the 1963 hearings, William Mandel alleged Communist influence in Pacifica. De­ stations are not primarily supported by pub­ was identified as a frequent writer for the spite many startling disclosures, the sub­ lic grants or private foundations. "The sta­ Communist Daily Worker who took the Fifth committee never issued a report, and no tions are sustained by contributions from the Amendment when asked if he had ever been action resulted. listeners in their respective communities." engaged in sabotage or espionage against On January 22, 1964, FCC renewed Pa­ Their ability to survive, according to Mr. the U.S. At the time Pacifica empha.sized that cifica's licenses for its stations in Berkeley Johnson, proves they a.re serving the public. he was a regular broadcaster but not a com­ and New York and, without a hearing, gave However, information on file with the FCC mentator. Today, it lists him as a regular it a new license for an educational station in in connection with Pacifica's Houston appli­ commentator and "authority on the USSR." Los Angeles. The decision said nothing about cation, and stamped, "Received September Henry Elson, Pacifica secretary, ap­ how any of the stations happened to qualify 30, 1969," indicates that J. R. Parten pledged parently is too young to have figured in the for educational status. It did say, in part, $10,000 to Pacifica for construction of its 1963 hearings. People's World has identified however: "Under the public interest stand­ Houston station. According to information on him as a former University of California ard, it is relevant and important for the file with the Internal Revenue Service, Jubal student who was active in the Resistance and Commission to determine in certain cases R. Parten is a director of the Fund for the later served as attorney for Wayne Greene, whether its applicants, or the principals or Republic. a Negro charged with attempted murder, as­ its applicants, for broadcast licenses or radio The Fund initially was created with a con­ sault on a police officer and possession of a operator licenses, are members of the Com­ tribution of $15 million from the Ford :firebomb. munist Party or of organizations which advo­ Foundation. At the 1963 Senate hearings, Donald Ray Gardner, development manager cate or teach overthrow of the Government Catherine Cory Gumpertz, then a Pacifica for Pacifica. in Houston, currently is under by force or violence. . . . The Commission vice president, testified that Pacifica's KPFA indictment for alleged failure to report to therefore has followed a policy of inquiring had received support from the Ford Founda­ the armed forces for induction. Julius Lester, as to Communist Party membership in these tion. (She also acknowledged having been a a Pacifica program producer, has stated in radio licensing situations where it has infor­ Communist.) She disclosed that Pacifica had an article in the National Guardian that he mation making such inquiry appropriate. received a contribution from Consumers' is trying to follow in the footsteps of Lenin, Because of information coming to the Com­ Union Foundation. Mao and Castro. mission's attention from several sources, the IRS information also shows that the term The program guide for KPFK lists Elaine Commission requested information from Pa­ of Hallock Hoffman as the Fund's secretary­ Browne as a. regular commentator; it identi­ cifica. Foundation on this score. On the basis treasurer expired in November 1969. Accord­ fies her as "Deputy Minister of Information, of information obtained from Government ing to Pacifica's application for the Washing­ Black Panther Party of Southern California.." sources, the Foundation, and our own in­ ton station, Mr. Hoffman is chairman of the Nevertheless, Commissioners Johnson and quiry, we do not find any evidence warrant­ board of Pacifica. It also lists him as a senior Cox, in a joint dissent, have said the decision ing further inquiry into the qualifications fellow of the Center for the Study of Demo­ to hold a. hearing on Pacifica (for the first in this respect of Pacifica. Foundation.•• cratic Institutions. (Though the application time in 20 yea.rs) is "disgusting" and con­ doesn't show it, the Center was set up by stitutes harassment. Though FCC today still quotes from that the Fund for the Republic.) por~ion of the decision in answering com­ While the Commission refused to order a plamts on Pacifica, there is nothing to show Recent newspaper reports indicate that the hearing on Pacifica's application for the the findings of that inquiry in the public files Center asked for the resignations of five of Houston station, it said that the grant of the of the agency. At the request of Barron's its most liberal fellows, including Mr. Hoff­ Houston broadcasting permit will be condi­ an FCC official looked into FCC's confiden~ man, in the wake of continuing criticism of tioned upon the outcome of Pacifica's Wash­ its board chairman, U.S. Supreme Court Jus­ ington application. Meantime, Pacifica has tia.l files and said they also contained noth­ tice William 0. Douglas. ing on the matter. Several officials who were completed construction in Houston and be­ with FCC a.t the time of the inquiry said they Despite the evidence that Pacifica broad­ gun broadcasting under "test authority" last received no report on it. casts propaganda, its tax-exempt status rests February 24. It may continue to do so until On November 11, 1963, The New York upon its articles of incorporation which final disposition of the Washington case by state, "The purposes of this corporation shall the FCC, which is expected to take about a Times reported, "Directors of the Pacifica be: Foundation decided yesterday against filling year. According to the March 7 issue of The out questionnaires submitted by the Fed­ "(a) To establish a Foundation organized Peace Times, the Pacifica Houston station is eral Communications Commission on possible and operated exclusively for educational pur­ giving the (New Left) Moratorium office eight Communist affiliations. . . . The FCC had poses ... and no substantial part of the ac­ half-hour programs beginning in March. called for sworn answers from the founda­ tivities of which is designed to carry on FCC Chairman Burch, who has been on the tion's executive members, directors, officers propaganda.... job only a few months and still lacks a ma­ and general managers on whether they had " ( e) In radio broadca.sting operations to jority, says he expects the Commission to ever belonged to the Communist party or any promote the ... public presentation of accu­ approach the problem of subversion on a organization teaching or advocating forcible rate objective, comprehensive news on all case-by-case basis. But he cautions that in overthrow of the Government." matters vitally affecting the community.... " trying to prevent subversion, the agency But still the complaints a.bout Pacifica Among those charged with carrying out must guard against harming the very freedom programs poured into the Commission. When those lofty obligations a.re some of the stars it tries to save. "We can't deny a. license just the foundation applied for renewal of its of the 1963 Senate hearings on Pacifica. In on the basis that an applicant appears to be California. licenses, FCC wrote it that the 1963 Dorothy Healey was identified as both subversive," he adds. The chairman says he complaints raised questions as to whether a Communist and a regular commentator for also plans to look into the definition of edu­ "you have conformed to your own program Pacifica, and the foundation still lists her as cational broadcasting. High time. supervisory policies and procedures on which both in its program guide. An appendlx to FCC relied in granting your prior renewals." the Senate hearings noted a sharp contrast Pacifica replied that because of some between KPFK's glamorous description of her and the facts as revealed in public rec­ CRITICS IGNORE HUMAN QUALITY changes in personnel there had been devi­ OF CARSWELL ations from Pacifica. policies and procedures, ords, which show she "has dedicated her life­ but that it had sent a memorandum to all time to the furtherance of the international personnel and volunteers to make sure they Communist conspiracy ... dedicated to the overthrow of the United States by force and HON. DON FUQUA did not recur. An FCC official says the agency OF FLORIDA failed to check up on whether the memoran­ violence." dum was enforced, and there is nothing in In Congressional testimony, Stephen M. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the public files of the Commission to indi­ Fischer, current Pacifica vice president (and Monday, April 6, 1970 cate such a check. Pacifica continued to assistant to the publisher of Scientific Amer­ win license renewals without hearings. ican), denied any knowledge that the Com­ Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, the Senate Pacifica was discussed at a one-day hearing munist Party is a conspiracy to overthrow is scheduled to vote today on the motion the U.S. government, although he admitted last December, chiefly on the subject of to recommit the nomination of Judge G. obscenity, before the Senate Communications having been a Communist in his youth. to At the time of the 1963 hearings, Steve Harrold Carswell the Judiciary Com­ Subcommittee. Commissioner Cox testified Murdock was acting editor of People's World, mittee. It is my considered judgment that FCC doesn't know where Pacifica gets West Coast organ of the Communist Party, that this motion will be and should be its :funds. At this point, Sena.tor Edward J. U.S.A. In testimony before the House Un­ defeated. Gurney (R., Fla.) asked, "Don't you think it American Activities Committee 10 years ear­ Few men nominated for public serv­ would be a good idea. if you found out the lier, he had been identified as a member of ice have been subjected to such vicious 10456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 and unprincipled attacks as has Judge change in the mores of the black belt South. by the Department of Defense seeks to Carswell. The slightest pretext is used This region wlll not always deserve a seat stimulate ideas for the improvement of on the court because it is growing to be for huge pronouncements by his oppo­ like other regions. But it does at this point work techniques and procedures in order nents, but the facts of his judicial service deserve and need one to encourage and rec­ to achieve real economy as well as greater and the high regard in which he is held ognize its reluctant embrace of constitutional effectiveness in operation. All ideas sub­ by the overwhelming majority of those equality. mitted are carefully audited and the orig­ who have practiced before him or served A Southerner yes, some say, but not Cars­ inators of beneficial suggestions, which with him in the courts are glossed over. well. But where can the search lead from result in worthwhile savings, are awarded Charles Bartlett in the Evening Star here? Perhaps to a less deserving judge or to cash prizes. Specific goals are assigned some brilliant Southern lawyer whose private of this city had a very striking column involvements will test the skill of an army to each shipyard in accordance with es­ on April 2, 1970, which expresses very of investigators. Civil rights activists may be tablished criteria as to the magnitude clearly my feelings in this regard. able to probe their way through a whole and scope of work performed. Since 1964, I would ask that those who have been phalanx of Nixon nominees, possibly making Portsmouth has made an exemplary so critical and unfair would search their in the end the dubious point that no South­ showing in this program, in competition own hearts and consciences and apply erner is pure enough in heart to sit on the with a total of nine naval shipyards, as the same standards for southerners Supreme Court. indicated in the statistics given below: which they accept for themselves. Why not Carswell? The case against him ls almost entirely based, as Sen. John s. Cost reduction program history, Portsmouth If this had been done, Judge Carswell Cooper has said, on speculative opinions con­ Naval Shipyard would have been speedily confirmed just Annual goal: cerning his ability and capacity for growth. Fiscal year 1965 ______$5,000,000 as he was unanimously confirmed by He is charged with persistent racism because the Senate to the Pifth Circuit Court of he participated peripherally in the revival of Fiscal year 1966------$7, 500, 000 a private golf club in 1956. Fiscal year 1967 ______1 $1, 000, 000 Appeals, the second highest judicial posi­ Fiscal year 1968______$1, 200, 000 tion in the Nation. But surely this was a no more serious de­ Fiscal year 1969 ______$1,696,000 The article follows: parture from principle than the readiness of a distinguished group of committed liber­ Cost reduction accomplished: CARSWELL'S CRITICS IGNORE HIS HUMAN als-senators, editorialists, and columnists Fiscal year 1965 ______$7,970,000 QUALITY who staunchly oppose Carswell-to main­ Fiscal year 1966------$9,462,000 (By Charles Bartlett) tain through the years their membership in Fiscal year 1967 ______$2,100,000 a Washington luncheon club which will not Fiscal year 1968 ______$2,040,000 The strategy of recommittal on the nom­ Fiscal year 1969 ______ination of Judge Carswell is not justified by consider Negro members and barely tolerates $2,114,900 an obvious need for further hearings. In Negro guests. Percent of goal attained: fact, the rolling attack on the Florida judge For all these men, from Carswell to the Fiscal year 1965 ______159 has been stuck in its groove for some days liberals, nothing more hypocritical than an Fiscal year 1966 ______126 by a dearth of new disclosures. accommodation to convenience ls involved, Fiscal year 1967 ______210 The liberal establishment, with its sword But Northern liberals need to be more cau­ Fiscal year 1968 ______170 unsheathed, generates an awesome sound tious in applying yardsticks to Southerners Fiscal year 1969 ______125 and fury. It has succeeded in shaking the which they do not accept for themselves. Amount awarded to suggestors: certainty of Carswell's confirmation and Carswell represents the evolution of the Fiscal year 1965 ______$17,690 leaving him flayed and naked before the last bastion of Southern recalcitrance. It Fiscal year 1966 ______$22,640 wor!d. It has riled the controversy to a pas­ seexns far wiser to accept him as a gesture Fiscal year 1967______$27,060 sionate pitch in which Carswell's human of conciliation than to risk, in repudiating Fiscal year 1968 ______$24,990 credentials are obscured by the assault on him, the renewed isolation of a region trying Fiscal year 1969 ______$17,835 his qualifications as a judge. to break with its racist past. Standing among 9 naval shipyards: This hum.an quality is the missing in­ Fiscal year 1965 ______Fiscal year 1966 ______2 gredient in the picture being drawn by 2 Carswell's critics. It ls the reason why the Fiscal year 1967______1 nominee has not been decimated by the COST EFFECTIVENESS AT PORTS­ Fiscal year 1968------2 liberal onslaught. Its de-emphasis seems Fiscal year 1969 ______speclally poignant to this reporter after MOUTH NAVAL SHIPYARD 4 meeting with the judge and hearing the 1 Criteria for establishment of annual sentiments of neighbors in his home coun­ cost-reduction goal underwent change fiscal try. HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN year 1967. Carswell does not impart a mediocre im­ OF NEW HAMPSHmE pression. He wears an air of friendly out­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Relating this excellent program to spokenness which suggests that he is per­ current day-to-day performance at ceptive and sincere. He has assurance and Monday, April 6, 1970 Portsmouth, it is a pleasure to call atten­ a graceful sense of humor. He describes him­ Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Ports­ tion to recent awards presented for ben­ self as more aghast than any critic at the mouth Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, eficial suggestions which have proven offensiveness of his disinterred campaign N.H., is unique in that it is the greatest to have intrinsic value. A pertinent arti­ speech. His conservative bent ls undisguised but he comes through as an imaginative single source of submarine skills and cle in the March 20 issue of the Ports­ man generously blessed with decency and crafts within the naval shipyard com­ mouth Naval Shipyard Periscope fol­ warmth. plex. Practically all of its productive lows: No disclosure of the Senate debate has output is devoted to submarine work. In SHOP 38 FOREMAN PORTSMOUTH'S BENEFICIAL pierced this impression. It ls affirmed by an age of specialism, Portsmouth is a SUGGESTER OF MONTH Wn::H IDEA SAVING men of chara<:ter in Tallahassee. In fact, the specialist's yard-its expertise embrac­ GOVERNMENT $8,135 common denominator of Carswell's most bit­ ing the entire range of work in the de­ Kenneth D. Richardson, foreman machin­ ter opponents is that they have not known ist in the Outside Machine Shop, is suggester him persollally. A gamut of those who have­ sign, construction and maintenance of nuclear-Powered submarines. The im­ o! the month a.t Portsmouth, with an adopted from LeRoy Collins to former NAACP lawyer beneficial suggestion saving the Government Charles Wilson-yields reassuring evidence of portance of these skills today is manifest $8,135. His suggestion pertains to predeter­ respect. in the high priority assigned to our nu­ Inination of snubber mounts on submarines Realistically, Carswell must also be meas­ clear submarine fleet as a principal seg­ and will be sent out to the other naval ship­ ured against the Nixon commitment that ment of our national defense posture. yards with the recommendation that the produced his nomination. For better or worse, idea be adopted Navy-wide. The idea also candidate Nixon appears to have promised During the past 5 years, Portsmouth has been working under the handicap of has intangible benefits. that President Nixon would name a South­ He received a cash award of $460 for sug­ ern Republican federal Judge to the high a pronouncement by the former Secre­ gesting a method of obtaining readings to court. Eliminating the Eisenhower appoint­ tary of Defense, Mr. McNamara, which dewrmine spacer thickness to obtain snub­ ees now too old for promotion and assuming decreed that the shipyard would be ber mount clearances. The improvement idea that the pact precluded the selection of a phased out by 1975. Despite the ill effects judge whose rulings had alienated his region, has been incorporated into the latest draw­ of the ever-present threat of closure, the ing revision and has resulted in increased the most appealing choices left for Atty. Gen. dedicated work force at Portsmouth has John Mitchell were Clement Haynsworth and safety for Shipyard workers in addition to Carswell. demonstrated through consistent high being credited with saving time. The pragmatic inspiration for Mr. Nixon's performance the true meaning of cost Richardson ls the top suggester among a commitment does not make it a less valid e:ff ectiveness. group of constructive thinkers whose im­ step towards healing scars left by radical The cost-reduction program sponsored provement ideas will save the Government April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10457 $19,568. Other workers sharing $1,880 in ex­ The minimum standard deduction is Committee has been working since mid· tra. take home pay include: gradually increased to a level of 15 percent summer on early drafts of a new farm pro­ $130 Award-Roland K. Usher, Jr., (ad­ of adjusted gross income with a ceiling o! gram. The Senate Agriculture Committee ditional award) Planning. $2,000. This will take about 5 million tax­ ha.s yet to begin consideration of farm policy $100 Award-Leo J. Rizzo, Shop 56. payers off the rolls and simplify the prepara­ legislation. $90 Award-Paul E. St. Jean, Q/.R As­ tion of tax returns for millions more. In its early deliberations, the House Agri­ surance. Single people, who now bear an unusu­ culture Committee ha.s been confronted with $85 Award-Arthur S. Harding, Jr., Shop ally heavy tax burden, will receive substan­ three distinct programs. Many observers be­ 06. tial tax relief. They will not pay more than lieve, however, that the committee most $50 Awards-Charles S. Griffin, Shop 38; 120 percent of the tax liabilities of married likely will extend the existing programs Robert R. Gagnon and Nelson J. Schnitzler, couples at comparable income levels. rather than establish new ones. Jr., Planning. Secondly, how much tax reform is there? The new proposals include: $45 Award-T. G. Vento, Q/R Assurance. The Bill is remarkably free of new tax 1. Farm Bureau proposal, which includes $40 Awards-Robert W. Bridle, Shop 38; preferences and deals with all but one area a five-year plan to phase out acreage con­ Robert A. Brown, Shop 56; Perley E. Armi­ taxpayers use to avoid completely income trols, base acreages, marketing quotas and tage, Jr., Planning. tax (i.e., interest on State and municipal direct payments for wheat, feed grain and $40 Joint Award-Robert J. Couri and bonds). cotton by 1976. Douglas E. White, Q/R Assurance. That celebrated group of 155 individuals It would also direct the Secretary of Ag­ $30 Awards-Leo L. Rizzo, Shop 56; Robert who paid no Federal income tax although riculture to retire at least 10 million acres A. Brown, Shop 67. they had incomes in excess of $200,000 a of farmland a year from 1971 through 1975 $25 Awards-John A. Knowlton, Shop 02; yea.r will have to start paying taxes now, al­ a.s part of the cropland adjustment program. Alvin K. Hanson and Frank J. Drinczyk, Shop most without exception. Loan rates for wheat, feed grains, cotton 06; Rene F. camire, Shop 17; George L. Jen­ The Bill reduces deductions, exemptions and soybeans would be set at not more than sen, Shop 31; Jerome J. O'Keefe, Shop 51; and other tax benefits, and it also provides a 85 percent of the previous three-year price, Frederick G. Rockett, Shop 56; Harry R. Fish, secondary line of defense which supplements beginning with the 1971 crop year. Davld M. Ogilvie and Jerome B. Hayatt, Jr., the remedial provisions by providing a mini­ A transitional program, to encourage Shop 67; Donald J. Porter, Supply. mum tax on tax preferences. This may be small, low-income farmers to transfer to $25 Joint Award-ENl Philip A. Randt and the most striking feature of the new legisla­ non-farm jobs also would be established. ETR2 Steven P. Ward, submariners on ALBA­ tion, and it may make the bill the most sig­ 2. Coalition proposal, backed by such or­ CORE (ASGG569). nificant tax reform bill since the inception ganizations as the National Farmers Union, The Beneficial Suggestion Honor Roll by of the income tax. the Grange, and the National Farmers Orga­ shops and other units is as follows: The minimum income tax lumps together nization, asks that present programs not Number and amount of awards a long list of current provisions of the tax only be kept, but expanded. law ( depletion allowance, rapid depreciation, It proposes increased direct payments and Shop 02------1 $25 etc.) , and requires that the taxpayer add up price support loans for corn and equivalent Shop 06------3 135 all his income that is sheltered from tax by increases in other feed grains. Shop 17------1 25 the operation of these various devices. If the A soybean program, with a.oreage reduc­ Shop 31------1 25 total amount so sheltered exceeds $30,000, tions and diverted acreage payments, also Shop 37------1 90 plus the amount of tax the individual is would be established. Price support loans of Shop 38------3 550 paying on his other income, he must pay 75 percent of parity would be offered. Shop 51------1 25 the minimum tax on the amount of the ex­ The proposal would extend market order Shop 56------4 195 cess. The rate of the tax is only 10 percent, authority to any commodity, subject to ap­ Shop 67------4 105 and that may be a. defect, but at least it is proval by a majority of affected producers. Planning and Estimating______1 50 a good start, especially when no one knows Consumer protection reserves of wheat, Design Division______3 520 exactly how the minimum income tax con­ feed grains, soybeans and cotton would be Q/R Assurance______2 85 cept will work out in practice. established. Supply------1 25 The Bill taxes the income that churches Existing cotton and wool programs would Military personnel.______1 25 receive from ownership of businesses. It be extended. taxes individuals who have operated chari­ Export certificates for wheat comparable table foundations for personal or financial to domstic wheat certificates would be pro­ benefit. Charitable foundations are required vided. Wheat certificated for export would CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS TO to pay out 6 percent of their income an­ be supported at between 65 and 90 percent NINTH DISTRICT RESIDENTS nually for their stated purposes and must of parity, with a floor of 65 cents. pay an audit fee. Limitations are placed on 3. Department of Agriculture proposal their ownership of businesses and restrictions would establish a "set aside" plan in which HON. LEE H. HAMILTON on making grants to individuals. farmers would leave unplanted part of their OF INDIANA The Bill limits deductions for charitable allotments. Feed grain farmers would divert gifts of appreciated property, imposes heavier from 30 to 50 percent of their bases, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taxes on financial institutions, reforms mul­ leave unplanted conserving base acres. (Ex­ Monday, April 6, 1970 tiple surtax exemptions for corporations. It ample: Feed grain farm of 300 acres, of which reduces the amount of rapid depreciation 200 are feed grain base, would divert 60 acres Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, it is that can be deducted from income before under 30 percent set-aside, and another 50 my practice to send to Ninth District any tax ls calculated in real estate, and curbs acres out of conserving base, leaving 190 residents each week a report on an is­ farm losses. acres to be planted as owner wishes.) sue before Congress. Under leave to ex­ Interest deductions are limited, and the Those participating would be eligible for tend my remarks in the RECORD, I wish oil depletion allowance was reduced from 27Yz price-support loans on all crops raised. include several of the reports I have percent of gross income to 22 percent. Capi­ The proposal would establish a land ease­ to tal gains are more heavily taxed by eliminat­ ment plan in which the Government would distributed this year: ing the 25 percent alternative rate for all acquire the cropping rights of whole farms, TAX REFORM gains in excess of the first $50,000 gain. while allowing owners to continue using their The Tax Reform Act of 1969 provides tax Probably no one would agree with all the acres in other ways. The plan would retire reform and tax relief. It is natural that the provisions of the bill. It is filled with com­ from 3 to 4 million acres annually. relief aspects have received most public com­ promises, and represents no one's idea of a It would include a retraining and assist­ ment, but it is no misnomer to refer to it perfect tax bill. Nonetheless, considering the ance program for low-income farmers to en­ as a reform act. complexities of tax reform, the bill remains courage their transfer to non-agriculture First, how much tax relief ls there? The something of a legislative miracle. jobs. quick answer is "a lot, but not for your FARM LEGISLATION The proposal also would include lower loan 1969 taxes." One of the items high on the agenda. of levels for commodities, as low as $1.05 for The relief occurs because the per capita the Congress in 1970 will be farm legisla­ wheat, compared to the current level of $1.25. exemption rises to $650 July 1970, to $700 tion. Among the shortcomings of the 91st Farm policy ls among the most difficult for 1972 and $750 for 1973. On the average, Congress last year was the failure to reach items on the national agenda, and it demands this means tax relief as follows: an agreement on future agriculture policy. the attention of every American. Each of us Tax relief The Omnibus Farm Act of 1965, the legisla­ is totally dependent upon the food the Amer­ Income (percent) tion which sets the guidelines for current ican farmer produces and his place in the farm policy, expires at the end of this year. economy must be protected. $3,000 ------70 5,000-7,000 ------20 To date, there has been no clear indica­ POSTAL CRISIS 10,000-15,000 ------16 tion, either from the Congress or from the After two centuries of service, the U.S. 15,000-20,000 ------8 ¥2 Administration, on the direction of new farm postal service was hit by the largest walkout 20,000-50,000 ------5 policy. The Department of Agriculture has ever staged against the Federal government. 50,000-100,000 ------1 Yz appeared to be unsure of what it wants and It tied up the nation's economy; caused Over $100,000 ------Taxes increased hesitant to speak out. The House Agriculture thousands o! postal employees to brenk: their 10458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 tradition of public service, defying their na­ dieted that there will be an increase of The incidence of narcotics arrests is tional leadership and their oath of office; set 15 to 20 percent. A large percentage of a precedent for future strikes by other gov­ increasing. The number of Americans ar­ ernment employees; challenged the doctrine these Americans traveling abroad are rested in February 1970, totaled 118, com­ that there is no right to strike against the young people. pared with 50 arrests in February 1969. Federal government; ca.used the President As a member of the Immigration and On February 28, 1970, 404 Americans to declare a national emergency and order Nationality Subcommittee of the Com­ were under detention in foreign coun­ u-oops into New York City. mittee on the Judiciary, I have become tries on narcotic charges; this compares Few in the Congress would deny that pos­ increasingly aware of the numbers of with 142 in 1969. In Spain alone nine tal workers have legitimate grievances. Their these young Americans arrested for nar­ wages begin at $6,176 a year and after 21 Americans were arrested for drug of­ yea.rs of service rise slightly more than $2,000. cotics violations. Equally alarming is the fenses in October 1969; 11 in November; In New York, their pay scale is $1,500 below number of convictions and lengthy in­ nine in December; six in January 1970; the garbage collector's. They seek a salary carcerations of these young Americans. and 15 in February 1970. Furthermore, schedule that begins at $8,500 and rises to Frequently, they turn in desperation the number of vagrancy cases is increas­ $11,700 in five years. They also want more to U.S. consular officials ignorant of the ing in that country. Reports from Spain generous retirement benefits and a larger fact that there is little that can be done indicate that the expected travel explo­ government payment of their pension and to help. Neither the power nor the pres­ sion this summer and the behavior of health plans. tige of the U.S. Government can prevent Federal workers are supposed to be covered young Americans abroad can impose a by a comparability plan which guaran~ees a narcotics violator from being prose­ most unfortunate strain on relations be­ wage parity with people doing the same k!-11d cuted and convicted to a lengthy sen­ tween the two countries. of work in outside industries. But there lS a tence in an almost primitive jail. For Although the Spanish authorities have built-in time lag which puts Federal em­ these young Americans a swnmer trip well publicized the consequences of ployees 21 months behind comparable civilian has become a "bummer." smuggling narcotics, particularly on the wages. The word is out in our youth culture Morocco-to-Spain ferries, the easy avail­ There has been a lengthy tie-up in the that drugs are cheap and accessible Congress on pay legislation and it has be­ ability of narcotics in Morocco is a con­ come involved with the question of postal abroad. Unfortunately, this same grape­ stant source of temptation. reform. The President has indicated he would vine has not spread the word that many Mexican authorities unofficially report veto any postal pay plan which did not in­ countries are vigorously enforcing their that approximately 1,222 Americans clude the establishment of a postal corpo­ narcotics laws and that many Ameri­ were deported from Mexico during 1969 ration. cans are arrested without the recourse to and several hundred more have already The House of Representatives has a fair our legal and constitutional safeguards, been deported in January and February record in dealing with the problems which such as bail, due process and the right of have prompted the unrest in the postal appeal. of this year. The authorities state that system. It passed a comprehensive pay blll 96 percent were deported as a result of last August, but the Senate passed a very We are sending a new generation of involvement with narcotics. Further­ different version, and the two Houses have innocents abroad without properly cau­ more, this figure does not reflect a sig­ not worked out the differences between the tioning them about a new and serious nificant number of Americans infor­ two bills. risk. mally deported at border crossing points. The postal strike ls another example of It seems romantic and daring to young the Congress not being sufficiently responsive In Mexico City 17 Americans are pres­ Americans far from their homes and ently being held on serious narcotics to the needs of the people. The postal work­ supervision, in different cultures, to ex­ ers were caught in the fight against infla­ periment with hashish and other drugs. charges. Most of these people are await­ tion and they were victims of political ma­ ing sentencing and have been incarcer­ neuvering among Congressmen, between the In some areas, such as Afghanistan, ated for extensive periods of up to 1 year. House and the Senate, and between the Con­ hashish may be purchased legally, and They can expect an average sentence of gress and the President. So t here is plenty very often it is carried back to Greece, 4 years. Persons arrested on narcotics of blame to be shared by all. Turkey, and Western Europe where it One of the most disturbing aspects of can be sold for a handsome profit. charges in Mexico cannot go free on bail the strike is that the grievances of the work­ However, there is one thing wrong pending sentencing and usually wind up ers developed to the point where they felt with such a plan. More and more of these spending may months in prison before that a strike was necessary. The strike was their case is actually heard. Legal fees not unexpected. Anyone familiar with the amateur smugglers wind up in cold and in cases involving narcotics are always postal system knew the danger of it. As one antiquated dungeon-like jails with the extremely high and most Americans in­ postal worker put it, "Power is the only prospect of long, often mandatory, sen­ tences from which there is no appeal. volved have been forced to borrow sub­ language 'i;ha.t Washington understands," and stantial sums of money from relatives in they walked out. In fact, each day in the newspaper one Hopefully, there will now be a strong im­ the United States in order to meet their can read tragic stories of Americans who legal obligations. petus to support basic reform in the postal have gotten involved with narcotics system. Congress must provide realistic pay According to available statistics, the scales and desirable working conditions for abroad and have received severe sen­ tences. ages of persons arrested for narcotics our postal employees. We must devise ma­ range between 18 and 49. The median age chinery capable of meeting worker griev­ I can assure you that there are many of those arrested was 29.7 years, thus ances and preventing the deterioration of U.S. consular officers abroad who can government-employee relations. That ma­ cite the most gruesome circumstances showing that by far the greatest number chinery should include fact-finding, media­ where the use, transport or sale of nar­ arrested are below 30 years of age, tion, conclllatlon, and, when everything else cotics has reduced the young American The following chart shows that the ar­ fails, compulsory arbitration. rests for narcotics are not limited to any All of us, as a result of the walkouts, traveler to a degraded, health-broken particular country or area: have come to realize what a vital element subject of an animal-like existence. Consular Officers have horrified me the postal system is in our communications Arrests in Total under systems, and how much we depend upon it. with accounts of teenage Americans re­ Country February 1970 detention ceiving 5-year sentences for merely pos­ sessing marihuana; with tales of un­ Mexico______17 119 scrupulous hashish sellers who double Spain______15 48 INNOCENTS ABROAD their income by acting as police inform­ France______9 26 United Kingdom______9 23 ers, and with stories of innocent persons Italy ____ -- _-- _. ______•••••.•.•••.••..••.. _ 19 HON. JOSHUA EILBERG who agreed to transport packages for 19 17 OF PENNSYLVANIA friends which turned out to be narcotics ~~::en-.·--:~~======: 17 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and resulted in a year's imprisonment ~:~~c:7.-.-~:::::::::::::::::: 1! 14 after a year of waiting in jail for trial. Greece ____ •..•.. __ ..•. _•. _..• _._ ...• __ .•• _ 13 Lebanon_ ...•.. _..•..• ______•• __ .. __ ._ ..• 12 Monday, April 6, 1970 I shudder at the thought of an American lsraeL______4 Canada ______2 11 in girl serving a 3-year sentence in an old 10 Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, a few Morocco. ______------3 6 · weeks there will be a great surge of jail in southern Spain while caring for Bahamas______I 5 Americans venturing overseas. Last year her infant born in jail; and of the 19- Bolivia______5 5 Denmark. __ . __ ------5 well over 5 million Americans of all ages year-old boy from Ohio who will be in Netherlands_. __ ._. __ .. _.• ------5 traveled to even the most remote comers an ancient Lebanese mental asylum for 5 of the world. And this year, it is pre- the next 2 years because he used hashish. fnuJra~~------· ------z- 3 April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10459 I think it would be appropriate to in­ and local officials to determine the na­ As they crossed the Rio Grande, the clude in the statement representative ture of treatment accorded the detainee, trailer was searched and the marihuana penalties for possession and trafficking in that processing oi the legal charges is not was found. The Mexican police were not narcotics: delayed beyond a period considered de­ impressed by Jeannie's story that she France: Possession, varies, but less sirable by the defense counsel and the had just met her four friends and did than for trafficking. A minimum of 3 to detainee, and to assist in every appropri­ not know about the marihuana. The five 4 months pretrial confinement; traffick­ ate manner with any difficulties that spent Thanksgiving 1969 in a Mexican ing, 1 to 5 years jail. might arise in relation to the condition jail awaiting trial. Now that it is Easter, Mexico: A minimum of 6 to 12 months of detention or other matters relating to they are still in jail awaiting trial and pretrial confinement, then: sentence the individual's detention. they will be fortunate if their case is usually under 5 years unless more than The consular officer is precluded from heard by midsum1i.er. If convicted they one-half ton of drugs involved. giving legal advice or expending official could spend· the next 4 years in jail. Spain: Penalty depends on quantity funds in situations of this nature. IN THE CARIBBEAN of drugs involved: Less than 500 grams­ I feel that everything possible should fined and released or released on bail be done to acquaint our Amer~can youth John and Mary, honeymooning last until trial. More than 500 grams-heavy with a full knowledge of the conse­ year on a Caribbean island, were picnick­ fine plus minimum of 6 years jail. quences of any illegal acts abroad. The ing one evening on a beach. Their picnic Italy: Possession-one American re­ above survey of foreign law discloses that was interrupted by police who arrested cently fined $31 7 and sentenced to 2 most countries have severe penalties for them for possession of marihuana. years jail; trafficking-3 to 8 years. involvement with drugs, marihuana, and The newlyweds were thrown in jail, Sweden: . Possession-one American other narcotics. Forms of jurisprudence where they remain awaiting trial. There recently sentenced to 1 year in jail. At­ vary and ofteP- we find that right to legal is no bail on this island. It is expected tempted sale--one American sentenced counsel, writ of habeas corpus, bail and that they may have to languish another to 1 year, 9 months. Permanent expul­ bonding procedures, probation, and other 6 months in jail before their case is even sion from Sweden usually follows re­ guarantees which we have in the United heard. If convicted, they face long sen­ lease. States, are not available in some foreign tences. Greece: Possession-fine and sentence countries and are limited or curtailed in IN ASIA to few months jail. Trafficking-one others. I do not wish to be critical of Dick was found living in an Asian American recently sentenced to 18 any country and their !aws; I merely graveyard on the Indian subcontinent months another to 5 years. take this opportunity to point out and with a religious sect headed by a "baba." Germany: Possession-one American warn of the consequences that can be He had been surviving on tea, unrefined sentenced to 2 years for possession of expected from illegal acts and to dis­ sugar, coarse bread, a few vegetables, and large amount of hashish. courage young Americans from going a narcotic intoxicant. He was mentally Japan: Sentences are based on the overseas in search of easy access to nar­ disoriented and 85 pounds under his nor­ quantity of narcotic involved. For small cotics. mal weight. His body was covered with amounts, as are usually the case, sen­ Travelers, please keep in mind: If the open and festering sores. tences are light or often suspended, fol­ laws of a particular country are violated, His presence in the graveyard was dis­ lowed by deportation. One American there is nothing a U.S. Government offi­ covered by two other Americans who re­ found with 600 grams of hashish was cial can do to keep an offender from ported what they had seen to the local sentenced to 2 years. Most Americans prosecution and possible imprisonment. American consul. The consul visited Dick arrested on narcotics charges are seamen. As an addendum w this statement I five times in the graveyard before the Lebanon: Possession and use-1 to 3 would like to include the case studies of young American consented to hospitali­ years in detoxification asylum-usually some American youngsters arrested and zation. a mental hospital. Trafficking-3 to 15 jailed abroad on narcotics violations. On one visit, Dick told the consul he years. Minimum sentence usually given These case studies are culled from the doubted he could survive the approach­ to Americans. reports of foreign service consular offi­ ing winter snows, but he felt he could not Jamaica: Possession-minimum of 18 cials. leave unless the baba gave him permis­ months. IN THE NEAR EAST sion. On another visit, Dick told the con­ Bahamas: Possession-Americans Ed had been drifting ~n the Near and sul he was a heavy user of narcotics. have been sentenced to from 3 months Middle East when he found himself The consul had no legal authority to to 1 year in jail. broke and appealed for help to the near­ insist that Dick seek repatriation or as­ Tw·key: Possession-3 to 5 years; traf­ est American Emba sy. The embassy as­ sistance. The local authorities refused to ficking-10 years to life. sisted him to obtain funds for travel to step in and force Dick's hospitalization It is reasonable to ask, and it is well Europe where he could make use of an because he was a self-proclaimed mem­ to understand, just what the U.S. Gov­ open ticket to return to the United States. ber of this religious sect and his health ernment, acting through its consular of­ Unfortunately for Ed, he carried 1.2 was actually no better or worse than the ficers abroad, can do to assist Americans kilos of hashish-about 2.6 pounds-with other members of the sect. who are detailed for narcotic violations. him and was arrested in a Middle East­ Dick finally consented to leave the You must keep in mind that sovereign ern capital while en route to Europe. graveyard after the consul contacted his countries can and do make their determi­ Ed's family is not well-to-do, and the family and assured him that they would nation on what penalty a conviction for payment of his fine and lawYer's fee was help him. Dick was admitted to a local possession or trafficking in narcotics a heavy burden. In spite of the small charity hospital, where he was diagnosed should be. amount of hashish involved, he was sen­ as suffering from schizophrenia, acute Upon learning of the arrest of a U.S. tenced to 1 year imprisonment for pos­ malnutrition, and exposure. The sores national, the consular officer would de­ session for personal use. A short time on his body were such that two skin graft termine the reason for detention and the later, he was sentenced to an additional operations were necessary to close them. official charges lodged. He would seek to year for the use of hashish while in After several months of treatment, visit the detainee as soon after learning prison. Dick's family arranged his repatriation of his arrest as possible to inform him Since it appears that Ed is a habitual to the United States. of his rights and provide the detainee user, he ma.y be held in a mental hos­ In 2 years of traveling in Europe and with a list of attorneys from which to pital for the duration of his sentences, Asia, Dick served a short sentence in select defense counsel. He would assist o::: until it can be shown that he is free Asia Minor for possession of a knife. the detainee to make contact with family of the drug habit. Later he was arrested, convicted, fined, or friends to inform them of his difficul­ IN MEXICO and deported by a European country for ties and to seek help from them, if that is Jeannie met four young Americar...s on smuggling, possession, and use of mari­ what the detainee wanted. He would re­ the American side of the border and was huana. port on the situation to the Department invited to accompany them on a jaunt He then drifted into the Near East and of State and keep it informed of develop­ into Mexico. When she accepted their in­ Asia. The consul considered Dick fortu­ ments. He would thereafter maintain vitation she did not know that their nate because the penalties for using and contact with the detainee, his counsel trailer carried 250 pounC:S of marihuana. smuggling narcotics in some of the coun- 10460 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 tries through which Dick passed range He is the only man among the 435 mem­ ried, he had to cash in some securities and from confinement in primitive prisons to bers of the House and 100 members of the tap his small savings account to defray costs Senate assigned to three committees. He is of the wedding. execution. best known for chairing the Veterans Affairs Probably best known by war veterans for Dick is now believed to be under psy­ Committee. He is second ranking member of his sponsorship of legislation covering ex­ chiatric care in the United States. the Science and Astronautics Committee and service personnel, Teague's record in this chairman of the Manned Flight Sub-Com­ field is unbelievable. The bills which come mittee. Alone from Texas he sits on the au­ out of the Veterans Affairs Committee bear gust Ethics Committee. the approval and backing of all mem­ "TIGER" TEAGUE-TEXAS An infantry battalion commander in bers ... Democrat or Republican--conserva­ LEADER 1969 World War II, Teague is the most decorated tive or liberal. member of Congress. Landing on Utah Beach His veterans legislation breezes through on D Day, he crawled across most of France the House by 401 to 4 or 390 to 16, sometimes HON. JAMES M. COLLINS to the Rhine River in 90 days of the blood­ even unanimously, so thorough is the prepa­ iest fighting of World War II. ration and so impeccable is his reputation. OF TEXAS Hit by an artillery shell in the foot on a And in the last few years Teague has be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mission back to headquarters which was so come the chief Congressional spokesman for Monday, April 6, 1970 dangerous he refused to dispatch a runner, the space effort. Tiger almost bled to death before help A man with young and progressive ideas, Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, it was a arrived. Teague maintains that nothing is technically unanimous selection when they named He was hospitalized almost two years and impossible. He believes that the United States "TIGER" TEAGUE as 1969 Oak Cliff Man of 14 operations were required to save a por­ space effort will eventually see man racing the Year. Because, in the Dallas com­ tion of the leg and foot. The whole ankle to the stars and through the planets of our munity everyone is delighted that he was blown away and his foot hung by muscle own solar system in his lifetime. and tissue which stubbornly refused to Tiger shows very little patience to those represents us in Congress. mend. liberals who keep weeping that federal funds His Sixth District extends from Dallas Finally, a team of persistent Army sur­ should first be used to· eliminate poverty on through the middle of Texas. But, his geons fashioned a workable fusion of leg earth before space is fully explored. influence and hard work is felt in every and foot which left one limb four inches "Some of earth's major dilemmas will be section of the Lone Star State. shorter. A 14-pound orthopedic shoe now solved in space," Teague maintains. "And al­ Ray Zauber, editor and publisher of makes it possible for the peripatetic Tiger ready the feedback from space technology the Oak Cliff Tribune writes a most in­ to move a.bout tirelessly in his work. and space exploration has provided tremen­ It was while he was convalescing that dous scientific advances for all mankind. teresting story on March 31, 1970. Headed Teague started to think about his future "What is wrong with creating jobs, ad­ "The Gentleman from Texas" it is an and decided to make his race for Congress. vancing science and attacking new fron­ interesting description of the popular and He was still in uniform in August 1946 tiers?" Teague demands impatiently. And highly respected "TIGER" TEAGUE. when he won a special election for the along with the chief administrators of the The article follows: vacated Sixth District seat. National Aeronautics and Space Administra­ THE GENTLEMAN FROM TEXAS A hopeless underdog against two well­ tion, Teague expresses bitter disappointment known, well-respected attorneys Teague with President Nixon's curtailed budget for The human dynamo who represent.s South­ moved determinedly a.bout on his game leg, this program. west Dallas Oounty in Congress has un­ a man with a burning ca.use. While the "Our space successes in the moon landings doubtedly become the most powerful Texan two lawyers chopped unmercifully at one have been the greatest triumph of the Nixon in Washington, D.C. He is Olin Teague, affec­ another, both spoke with deference and dig­ administration," Teague avers. "The moon tionately known as Tiger, one of the most nity a.bout their war-hero opponent. walks made the Nixon trip to Europe and respected statesmen in Congress. It was not until the last two weeks of Asia, yet he listens to liberal advisers who For a. relatively new state, Texas has en­ the campaign that the two barristers real­ support poverty programs which have never joyed almost unprecedented power in the ized that they were letting their doughty worked and which will never work." highest echelons of government. and determined opponent slide by them. In a speech before Texas Press Association Two native born Texans have become Presi­ Tiger won handily in a stunning upset and in Longview this winter, Teague remarked: dent, two became Vice President.s, two be· in 14 subsequent terms has had only one "Here I am an old country boy with a degree came Speakers of th9 House and one Senate opponent, Bill Moore of Bryan, who ran a in animal husbandry from Texas A&M and Majority Leader. bitter and fierce campaign trying to unseat find myself the chief Congressional spokes­ At one time, unprecedented in American Teague. man for the most sophisticated scientific pro­ history, a native Texan served as President Politics is the passion of Teague's life. He gram in man's existence." while the Speaker and the Majority Leader lives and breathes his profession. "God In the same vein Teague points out that were also native of the Lone Star State. couldn't have invented a greater system for he had never lived in a place with indoor Let's fill in the names for those whose rec­ governing men than the Founding Fathers of plumbing or running water until his first ollections of U.S. history may be foggy, America devised," Teague declares with ear­ night at A&M. Dwight D. Eisenhower and Lyndon B. John­ nestness. "Yet, until I read the goals of The Great son were Presidents. Cactus Jack Garner and "Now 200 years later I would change only Society, I never realized I was reared in abject Lyndon Johnson were Vice President.s. Jack two things," he added. "I would take the Su­ poverty." Garner and Sam Rayburn, who served longer preme Court out of politics by allowing the But, Teague continues, if anyone had ac­ than any man in history, were House Speak­ State Supreme Court Justices to nominate cused his father of rearing his five children ers, while Lyndon Johnson was Majority 10 men for each opening from which the in poverty, there would have been a l>ruising Leader. President could make his nomination. battle. "My father was a proud man and we Tiger Teague probably comes nearest to "Then I would a.mend the Electoral Col­ were well-scrubbed, well clothed, well-fed continuing this mantle of leadership than lege to allow each presidential candidate his and each had an opportunity for education. any man representing the Lone Star State percentage of popular vote by states," Teague A handsome and trim man in his collegiate in Washington since LBJ retired. allowed. "This might preclude militant mi­ and Army years, Teague has now become While he is too shy and too reticent to ad­ norities, pressure blocs and even dishonest a little paunchy. He loves good food and mit it, Teague has been unofficially asked if election officials from stealing close states," his Bourbon with branch water. In fact, his he would assume one of the top posts in the he concluded. doctors constantly plead with him to watch Democratic party on several occasions. Tiger's personal code of conduct and his his weight. Eventually he might even have become professional ethics a.re so lofty that it iS His most prominent facial feature is his Speaker. difficult to realize that there are still men square jaws, which show determination. Yet, But Teague likes to operate from the mid­ cut from this grain in politics. he has such warmth that people in every walk dle. He is almost totally non-partisan in his "I have a fierce conscience," he explains, of life are attracted to him. approach to government, alluding to him­ "and I figure we don't pass this way but once. Close friends are so fiercely loyal that most self as an American first and a reasonable I have to be able to look at myself in the will admit they dearly love the little law­ conservative second. mirror and to live with myself." maker. And his friends stretch into every "I don't like controversy and raw partisan Teague returns tainted campaign contribu­ part of the world and include tycoons of politics," Teague has explained to this writer tions and remains a very poor man. He is re­ industry, nabobs of finance, titans of tech­ on many occasions. "And fortunately, the luctant to accept any help except for fil­ nology, scientist.s, educators, generals and greatest portion of Congressional business is ing fees and plane rides back and forth privates, doctors. lawyers and Indian chiefs. conducted without any reg,ard to party to Texas. It is remarkable how he can find time to lines." "I don't want to have the responsibility of stay in close touch with such a tremendous Olin Teague, who spends most of his week­ accounting for Tiger Teague Fund excesses," number of folks. But he does and he loves it. ends with friends in Dallas and especially in he says bluntly. And he means every word Yet, he keeps a backbreaking pace in Oak CllfI, has incredible credentials. of it. Recently when his daughter was mar- Washington. April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10461 He is in Cape Kennedy for space shots, in in planes playing with a hoot of different costs wer.e less; that the total cost of labor Huntsville for space research a.nd in Houston partners. was down; and expenditures for maint e­ for splash-downs on every space adventure. Seated one day in the Saddle 'n Spur in nance and repair decreased markedly. And stm he roams his district which the Marriott Motor Hotel in Dallas with Amortization of the cost of converting the stretches 240 miles from Dallas a.nd Fort friends, he was being served by a polit.e plant to 'handle natural gas, originally es­ Worth to Houston with some frequency. young Negro waiter. The maitre d', a.n older timated to take ten months, was accom­ His great prestige and power has been a Negro, approached and admonished his plished in eight, the Army states. boon to defense a.nd aerospace industries in youthfUl aide: "Take good care of that man, Another saving that has been realized Texas, especially in the Dallas a.nd Fort son," he urged, "for he is your Congressman came by not having to purchase a.nd inst all Worth megalopolis. in these perilous times." smoke arrest ors and ot her air pollution con­ One of the most amazing facets of his Which was very good advice. For as long trol equipment to counter the effect of burn­ personality is his basic shyness. After as there a.re patriots with the zeal and ded­ ing coal. If the system had not been changed nearly 30 years of public service he still ication of Tiger Teague serving in our gov­ to gas, the Army faced an expense of more detests speech making, is uncomfortable at ernment, the future of this count ry is in than a million dollars for that purpose, t he testimonials in his honor and doesn't have a good hands. .... article stated. public relations specialist on his staff. When exhorted to speak out on national issues, he answers in plain sincerity: "My MILITARY REPORTS A FUEL messages are read where they count most. The COST CUT right people know what I a.m thinking and USING BANK CREDIT TO MEET what I stand for on important issues." SOCIAL NEEDS For instance he shook loose $30,000,000 HON. 0. C. FISHER to air-condition and refurbish the Lisbon Veterans Administration Hospital in the OF TEXAS HON. AL ULLMAN dying days of the last administration with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF OREGON a persona.I appeal to President Johnson. Monday, April 6, 1970 I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Then in Dallas he let other Congressmen take the credit because they needed the poli­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, it will be Monday, April 6, 1970 tical brownie points. recalled that after 8 years of effort, pro­ Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, for a year It was Teague who gave original encour­ ponents of legislation to permit conver­ now I have publicly recommended that a.gement to the four war wives who went to sion from the use of coal to natural gas Parts to talk to the North Vietnamese about the Federal Reserve Board review its pol­ the prisoner of war issue. The four girls at Fort Richardson. Alaska, was finally icies with an eye to assisting the Govern­ hear from him regularly now. They are part approved. It was a long drawn out strug­ ment in its efforts to meet the vast social of his little "North Texas family" a.s he gle. Those of us who participated in needs of the Nation. Specifically, in a let­ refers to a group of his closest friends in that battle can take pride in the fact ter to the new Board Chairman, Dr. Dallas. that the conversion cost was amortized Burns, late in January, I proposed that Another clue to the esteem and stature in less than a year, and the saving to the Board consider taking necessary steps in which he is held was the offer of the taxpayers now amounts to $1,141,540 an­ Texas A & M presidency after the failing to channel available credit through the health of General Earl Rudder beca.me pub­ nually. banking system toward such areas of lic knowledge. The one person more responsible than need-most particularly, housing. In my Those who think they know something any other for this achievement was Dale judgment, selective controls on credit can about rabid Aggie partisans don't know any­ Teel, vice president and general man­ prove a highly effective weapon in sta­ thing until they hear Teague talk about the ager of the Alaska Pipeline Co., and now bilizing our economy and reordering our alma mater. And if anything woUld lure an official of the Anchorage Natural Gas national priorities. Teague from politics, this was perhaps the Corp. Here is a citizen whose efforts solitary offer. I was pleased, therefore, to read in the But he declined the position, again ex­ and foresight contributes very directly Washington Post article recently that at plaining with simplicity: "I now have the to the saving of more than a million dol­ least one member of the Federal Reserve only job which I ever want. I love Congress lars a year-a saving which will continue Board of Governors is sympathetic to my and I have no other a.m.bitions than to serve indefinitely. Every American taxpayer proposal. The article reports comments my country, my state and my district." benefits from this saving. of Andrew F. Brimmer made in a San Born in Woodward, Oklahoma., Teague was Under leave to extend my remarks I Francisco speech last week. According to reared in Mena, Arkansas. His father was a include an article, entitled "Military Re­ the press report, Mr. Brimmer endorses lumberman, eking out a. living from a small ports a Fuel Cost Cut," which appeared the credit plan. Mr. Brimmer explains in sawmill. There was Olin and four girls in in the April 3 issue of the Anchorage the family. some detail how the plan might be im­ He won the nickname "Tiger" on the soft­ Daily Times. The article follows: plemented. ball diamond. He was such a. fierce competi­ MILITARY REPORTS A FUEL COST CUT The reporter, Hobart Rowen, observes tor for a. small player, that he spurred his A year's experience in the operation c,f that Dr. Burns is on record as opposed teammates to many close wins. One of them the Ft. Richardson heat and power plant to involving the Fed in credit controls. dubbed him Tige- when he was exhorting using natural gas instead of coal as primary Nevertheless, I am hopeful that Dr. the tea.m. with constant chatter. He played fuel has produced substantial savings to the Burns may one day soon agree with Mr. ball until his foot was maimed. taxpayer, not only in fuel costs, but in oper­ His wife, the former Freddie Dunman of ating labor cost and maintenance of equip­ Brimmer that the Fed has a clear respon­ Fort Worth, has been a quiet but powerful ment states a press release from the Ft. sibility to play an active role in helping motivating force in his life. They have two Richardson information office. to solve the great national social prob­ sons and a. daughter. The oldest boy is a An important side benefit of special in­ lems we face today. filer who completed two tours in Vietnam. terest to residents in the Anchorage area The article follows: The younger son, also an officer, was a spy in has been the marked decrease in air pollu­ [From the Washington Post, Apr. 2, 1970] Laos before the na.m.e of the small Asian tion, the result of discontinuance of coal country was known to the average American. fires, the Army states. BRIMMER LINKS LoANS, SoCIAL N EED And now he is pulling a. second voluntary Conversion of the plant from coal to gas (By Hobart Rowen) tour in the wa.r zone. operation was made possible with funds Federal Reserve Board Governor Andrew The daughter, Jill Virginia, was recently granted by Congress in 1967. During the F. Brimmer yesterday called for a complete wed. There are grandchildren around now numerous discussions and hearings con­ re-examination of the techniques of money and these are new delights in the Con­ ducted in Alaska and Washington on the management in this country and suggested gressman's life. subject, the Army predicted that if gas that the Fed, for the first time, be permitted Since arriving in Congress in 1946 Teague were used the annual maintenance and to regulate bank loans according to social or has authored more than 200 pieces of legis­ operation cost would be about $985,000 economic priori ties. lation. Nearly all of the major bills on vet­ cheaper than it had been with coal. His proposal would enable the Federal Re­ erans affairs bear his signature. And now he That estimate has proved to be conserva­ serve to take account of public policies by has shaped a good many of the measures tive. The actual experience shows a saving giving, for example, highest priority on loans which created the space program and of $1,141,540, and this despite an increase to housing and a lesser priority on loans for manned flights. in the quantity of heat and power needed and consumer credit or business mergers. Even with the lame foot, he still swims an increase in wages for t he employees in­ At the same time, Brimmer warned against in the Capitol pool and plays paddle ball on volved. easing up too quickly on the Fed's existing the Congressional courts. He loves gin It has been found that the efficiency of level of monetary restraint for fear of re­ rummy and whiles away many of his hours the firing equ ipment improved; that fuel stimulaUng inflation. 10462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 In a speech to the San Francisco Bond be adopted and the reserve requirement Last year the House Government Oper­ Club, Brimmer insisted that inflation is far scaled accordingly-depending on the chang­ from licked. Indirectly, he was critical of ing needs of public policy." ations Committee, of which I am a mem­ recent administration moves to ease budget­ The objective of the Brimmer plan would ber, held hearings on my proposal, H.R. ary restraints. be to raise the cost of bank lending by reduc­ 6037, which was cosponsored by nearly "By the end of this year," the Fed offi­ ing the marginal rate of return to the bank. 100 Members of the House and the Sen­ cial said, "the pace of inflation may still He would demand additional cash reserves ate-the latter's version being s. 860. be rising at a rate well above what most to the amount of lending above some pre­ Shortly after those hearings, I began Americans would find acceptable in the long deterllllned amount. to work intensively with consumer ex­ run." He offered this illustration: perts to produce a consensus version of His speech, copies of which were released "'Let us assume that such a supplemental my legislation which already had con­ here, made clear that the Federal Reserve reserve requirement had gone into effect at siderable support from knowledgeable Board would not be unanimous if it decided the end of 1968. Let us take $220 billion . . . to pursue a distinctively easier monetary on the books . . . as of that date. Suppose spokesmen like Ralph Nader, Mrs. Es­ policy at the moment, as urged by some econ­ further that a bank were required to set ther Peterson, Consumers Union, and the omists and businessmen. aside cash reserves equal to 20 per cent of Consumer Federation of America. In a RETREAT :INDICATED the amount by which its outstanding loans short period, we agreed upon a revised In recent congressional testimony, Fed exceeded the (end of '68) amount .. . Since version of H.R. 6037 which took account Chairman Arthur F. Burns indicated that loans at member banks rose by about $20 of some reservations these spokesmen the Fed has retreated modestly from the un­ billion last year, they would have been re­ had on my plan for a Cabinet-level De­ usually harsh money policy that prevailed quired to put up an additional $4 billion, partment of Consumer Affairs although last year. Brimmer didn't indicate that he under these assumptions. Since their re­ they were in basic agreement with me on favored no change in policy; in effect, he quired reserves averaged about $27 billion the need for a new Federal agency for was saying: Don't overdo it. in 1969, this would have represented an in­ crease of roughly 15 per cent." this purpose. His personal assessment, he told the Bond The principal changes from the origi­ Club, is that "the time has certainly not Brimmer came to the conclusion that "the come to lay aside the effort to achieve and time has come" for a major re-examination nal version of HR. 6037 are these: First maintain a reasonable degree of price stabil­ of the Fed's tool kit for controlling bank ex­ the new unit of Government will be a~ ity in this country. And we should remind pansion because of what happened last year. independent consumer protection agen­ ourselves that the attainment of the objec­ He said that the Fed had set out, as one cy, not a Cabinet-level department; sec­ tive was the mission on which the Federal of its objectives, "a sizable moderation in the ond, there is no transfer of existing con­ Reserve set out in December, 1968." expansion of business loans." But he said sumer programs to the new agency as Brimmer's novel suggestion for controlling that the Fed did not achieve full success. In fact, Brimmer pointed out, the business loans was envisioned in the original bill. not only the total volume of bank credit OUr efforts produced H.R. 6037, as but also the intended use of the loan money, on the books of commercial banks rose almost is certain to be controversial. as much as in 1968. amended, which is the version now un­ Chairman Burns has made the point in To a large degree a "handful of multi-na­ der consideration by the Exeeutive and congressional testimony that the best con­ tional banks"-he counted 20--and "a sizable Legislative Reorganization Subcommit­ tribution the Fed can make in the "social number . . . dollllnant . . . in their re­ tee, chaired by Mr. BLATNIK, of Minne­ priorities" field is to attend to its own bus­ gions"-he counted 60 of those-were the sota. This subcommittee is also con­ iness-that is, as he defined it, preserving most successful in averting the full degree sidering several other proposals on con­ and protecting the stability of the dollar of intended monetary restraint by access to sumer representation, including that here and abroad. the Euro dollar market, or selling commercial paper. sponsored by the administration. The desirability of minimal interference The subcommittee will resume hear­ with "normal business decisions and the In avoiding much of the impact of tight econollllc force of the market place" was rec­ money, Brimmer said, the big multi-national ings next week on my revised bill and re­ ognized by Brimmer in his speech. and regional banks "can maintain~r even lated proposals. Representatives of con­ But he insisted that without the kind of expand-their earning assets .. . The larger sumer groups, business organizations, control he suggested, the Fed's over-all poli­ local banks, although also much larger than and labor and trade organizations will cies of restraint had been effectively dodged the average bank in the country, can do so submit testimony on Monday, April 13, by big banks-notably multi-national to a much lesser extent." and Tuesday, April 14, 1970. I am fully banks--that can tap money resources out­ Brimmer observed that the Fed had applied confident that the subcommittee will side of normal channels. :flexibility to the use of reserve requirements soon report out an important bill from Brimmer's plan to put new curbs on bank in the recent past. His new suggestion is will credit would utilize the Fed's authority to parallel to an earlier idea, since adopted by these hearings which set new and set reserve requirements, in cash, that banks the board, which establishes a marginal re­ higher standards for consumer repre­ must hold against the loans they make. serve requirements of Euro-dollar borrowings. sentation in the Federal Government. I include below the text of my revised LEGISLATION REQU~D Currently, a proposal to require reserves against conmmercial paper sold by bank-re­ bill together with a short summary: His suggestion would require legislation, lated corporations is under study. inasmuch as he would apply it to all com­ HIGHLIGHTS OF THE CONSUMElt PROTECTION mercial banks in the country, not just mem­ AGENCY ACT bers of the Federal Reserve. In essence, it OFFl'.CERS would force banks to keep an additional Administrator, appointed by President amount of cash on hand. against domestic CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCY with senatorial consent. loans. Consumer CounseL The percentage of the additional reserve Director of Consumer Information. would vary according to a schedule "that HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL Director of Consumer Safety. might be established from time to time" OF NEW YORX Director of Consumer Research. by the Fed. Thus, Brimmer said, the Fed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Director of Economics. could not only exert a further restraint Monday, April 6, 1970 REPRESENTAT:ION OJ' CONSUMERS BEFORE on total lending, but have a better cha.nee FEDERAL AGENCIES AND COURTS of achieving over-all objectives of monetary Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the The Consumer Counsel with a staff of policy. momentum for correeting and improving "If the objective of public policy were to attorneys, economists, and scientists, will in­ give priority to loans to meet the needs of the imbalance of consumer representa­ tervene in matters pending before courts state and local governments," Brimmer ex­ tion within the Federal Government is and federal agencies which substantially af­ plained, "it could be given effect through a now reaching a significant point. I think fect consumers. Every federal agency must it very likely that Congress will act dw·­ notify the CPA when taking consumer­ reserve ratio against such loans smaller related actions and must furnish it with than the ratio for other loans. ing this session on new legislation on its consumer data., including access to in­ "Loans to acquire homes could be ex­ consumer representation. vestigatory files. empted-if public policy calls for giving I have sponsored, since 1965, legislation REPORT TO CONGRESS housing the highest priority-by setting the to establish a Federal Department of requirement at zero. In contrast, if policy The Administrator will transIUlt an an­ calls for substantial restraint on consumer Consumer Affairs. My basic legislation, nual report to Congress on the CPA's activ­ credit or on loans to business, the reserve which has been refined and, I hope, im­ ities and accomplishments, its legislative 1'81tio applicable to such loans could be set proved, with each successive year, was recommendations, and an evaluation of fed­ quite hlgh. based originally on the proposal of the eral consumer programs particularly with "In fact, any array of loan priorities could late Senator Estes Kefauver. respect to improved coordination. April 6, -19 7 o EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10463 CONSUMER COMPLAINTS :n market value $5,000 in any corporation to investigatory files, as the Administrator The CPA will receive, evaluate, act on and, engaged in the protection, distribution, or may determine to be necessary for the per­ if necessary, transmit to the appropriate sa!e of goods or services affecting consumers. formance of the functions of the Agency. agency, consumer complaints. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE ADMINISTRATOR (d) The Administrator shall transmit to the Congress in January of each year a report CONSUMER INFORMATION SEC. 4. (a) The AdminiStrator shall be re­ which shall include a comprehensive state­ The Division of Consumer Information sponsible for the exercise of the powers and ment of the activities and accomplishments will develop and disseminate information­ the discharge of the duties of the Agency, of the Agency during the preceding calendar including product test results-from public and shall have the authority to direct and year including a summary of consumer com­ and private sources which will benefit con- supervise all personnel and activities thereof. plaints received and actions taken thereon sumers. (b) In addition to any other authority and such recommendations for additional CONSUMER SAFETY conferred upon him by this Act, the Admin­ legislation as he may determine to be neces­ istrator is authorized, in carrying out his sary or desirable to protect the interests of The Division of Consumer Safety will take funct ions under this Act, to- over the responsibilities of the National consumers within the United States. Each (I) subject to the civil service and classi­ such report shall include a summary and Commission on Product Safety upon its ficat ion laws, select, appoint, employ and fix termination. It will also design and develop evaluation of selected major consumer pro­ the compensation of such officers and em­ grams of each Federal agency, including, but improved safety features for categories of ployees as are necessary to carry out the consumer products that are considered un­ not limited to, comment with respect to the provisions of this Act and to prescribe their effectiveness and efficiency of such programs safe. authority and duties; CONSUMER RESEARCH as well as deficiencies noted in the coordina­ (2) employ experts a.nd consultants in ac­ tion, administration or enforcement of such The Division of Consumer Research will cordance with section 3109 of title 5, United programs. encourage, initiate, and coordinate research States Code, and compensate individuals so and studies leading to improved products, employed for ea.ch day (including travel FUNCTIONS OF THE AGENCY services, and consumer information. time) at rates not in excess of the maximum SEc. 5. (a) The Agency shall, in the per­ CONSUMER EDUCATION rate of pay for grade GS-18 as provided in formance of its functions, advise the Presi­ section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, dent and the Congress as to all matters affect­ The CPA will encourage, initiate, partic­ and while such experts and consultants a.re ing the interests of consumers; and protect ipate, in consumer education and counsel­ so serving away from their homes or regular and promote the interests of the people of ing programs (including credit counseling). place of business, to pay such employees the United States as consumers of goods and STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE travel expenses and per diem in lieu of sub­ services made available to them through the The CPA will give technical assistance to sistnce at rates authorized by section 5703, trade and commerce of the United States. states and local governments for the estab­ title 5, United States Code, for persons in (b) The functions of the Agency shall be lishment of consumer protection offices and Government service employed intermit­ to- arbitration programs. tently; (1) advise Federal agencies and report to (3) appoint, without regard to the provi­ the Congress on the coordination of all Fed­ SUBSTITUTE TEXT FOR H.R. 6037 sions of title 5, United States Code, advisory eral programs and activities relating to con­ committees composed of such private citi­ sumers and help resolve differences arising That this a.ct may be cited as the "Con­ among Federal agencies with respect to such sumer Agency Act of 1969". zens and officials of the Federal, State, and local governments as he deems desirable to programs and activities; STATEMENT OF FINDINGS advise him with respect to his functions (2) assure that the interests of consumers SEC. 2. The Congress finds that the in­ under this Act, and to pay such members are timely presented and considered by the terests of the American consumer are in­ ( other than those regularly employed by the appropriate levels of the Federal Govern­ adequately represented and protected within Federal Government) while attending meet­ ment in formulation of Government policies the Federal Government; and that vigorous ings of such committees or otherwise serving and in the operation of Government pro­ representation and protection of consumer at the request of the Administrator compen­ grams that may affect the consumer interest, interests are essential to the fair and effi­ sation and travel expenses at the rate pro­ and represent the interests of consumers in cient functioning of a free market economy. vided for in paragraph (2) of this subsection proceedings before Federal agencies and courts to the extent authorized by this Act; CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCY with respect to experts and consultants; (4) promulgate such rules as may be nec­ (3) pursuant to section 8 of this Act, re­ SEC. 3. (a) There is hereby established as essary to carry out the functions vested in ceive, evaluate, act on, and transmit com­ an independent agency within the Executive him or in the Agency, and delegate authority plaints to the appropriate Federal or other branch of the Government the Consumer for the performance of any function to any agency concerning actions or practices which Protection Agency (hereafter referred to in may be detrimental to the consumer interest; this Act as the "Agency") . The Agency shall officer or employee under his direction and supervision; ( 4) develop information from other Fed­ be headed by an Administrator who shall be (5) utilize, with their consent, the serv­ eral agencies, other public sources, and pri­ appointed by the President by and with the ices, personnel, and facilities of other Fed­ vate sources which is of benefit to con­ advice and consent of the Senate. There shall eral agencies and of State and private agen­ sumers, including- be in the Agency a Deputy Administrator (A) test results and analyses of consumer who shall be appointed by the President by cies and instrumentalities with or without reimbursement thereof; products and services, and and with the advice and consent of the Sen­ (B) informatirn concerning commercial ate. The Deputy Administrator shall perform (6) enter into and perform such contracts, leases, cooperative agreements, or other and trade practices which adversely affect such functions, powers, a.nd duties as may be consumers, and to disseminate such informa­ prescribed from time to time by the Ad­ transactions as may be necessary in the con­ duct of the work of the Agency and on such tion in the most efficacious manner possible, ministrator and shall a.ct for, and exercise including the publication and distribution of the powers of, the Administrator during the terms as the Adminstra.tor may deem appro­ priate, with any agency or instrumentality of periodicals and other printed material which absence or disability of, or in the event of a will in easily understandable form inform vacancy in the office of, the Administrator. the United States, or with any State, ter­ ritory, or possession, or any political subdi­ consumers of matters of interest to them; (b) The following officers of the Agency (5) conduct economic surveys in accord­ shall be appointed by the Administrator and vision thereof, or with any public or private person, firm, association, corporation, or ance with the provisions of section 12 of this shall perform such functions, powers and Act; duties as a.re prescribed in this Act and as institution; (7) accept voluntary and uncompensated (6) encourage, initiate, support, and co­ may be prescribed from time to time by the ordinate research and studies lea.ding to im­ Administrator- services, notwithstanding the provisions of section 665(b) of title 31, United States proved products, services, and consumer ( 1) the Consumer Counsel, who shall be Code; and information; the chief legal officer of the Agency; (8) adopt a.n official seal, which shall be (7) encourage, initiate, and participate in (2) the Director of Consumer Informa­ judicially noticed. consumer education and counseling programs tion; ( c) Upon request made by the Adminis­ (including credit counseling); (3) the Director of Consumer Safety; trator, each Federal agency is authorized (8) cooperate with and give technical as­ (4) the Director of Consumer Research; and directed- sistance to State and local governments in and ( I) to make its services, personnel, and fa­ the promotion and protection of consumer ( 5) the Director of Economics. cilities available to the greatest practicable interests (including programs to arbitrate (c) No employee of the Agency while serv­ extent within its capability to the Agency consumer complaints and establish State and ing in such position may engage in any busi­ in the performance of its functions; and local consumer protection officers) ; ness, vocation, or other employment which (2) Except where explicitly prohibited by (9) cooperate with and assist private en­ is inconsistent with his official responsibili­ law, Executive orders, and rules relating to terprise in the promotion and protection of ties. No individual may be appointed or serve the classification of information in the in­ consumer interests; and as an officer under subsection (a) or (b) terest of national security, to furnish to (10) submit recommendations annually to While he holds legal title to, or beneficial the Agency such information, data, esti­ the President and directly to the Congress on equitable interest in, share capital exceeding mates, and statistics, and to allow such access measures to improve the operation of the 10464 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 Federal Government ln the protection and vention by the Agency before State regula· shall be headed by the Director of Consumer promotion of the consumer interest. tory bodies. Information. (11) publish and distribute periodicals PROTECTION OF THE CONSUMER INTEREST :IN (b) The Division of Consumer Informa­ and other printed material which will inform ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS tion shall develop on its own initiative, gath­ consumers of matters of interest to them; SEC. 7. Every Federal agency in taking any er from other Federal agencies and non-Fed­ and publish and distribute in a Consumer action of a nature which can reasonably be eral sources, and disseminate to the public Register material which will include notices in such manner, at such times, and in such construed as substantially affecting the in­ form as the Agency determines to be of Federal hearings, proposed and final rules terests of consumers of products and services most and orders, and other useful information, effective, information, statistics and other including, but not limited to-- data concerning- translated from its technical form into (1) the promulgation of rules, regulations, language which ls understandable by the ( 1) the functions and duties of the or guidelines, Agency; public. (2) the formulation of policy decisions, or (2) problems encountered by consumers (12) (a.) conduct hearings, conferences, (3) the issuance of orders, decrees, or surveys and investigations, including eco­ generally within the United States, including standards, shall- particular commercial and trade practices nomic surveys & investigations authorized by ( 4) provide specific notice of such action to Sec. 12, anywhere in the United States or its which are detrimental to the interests of the Agency at such time as notice of the such consumers; and territories, concerning the needs, interests action is given to the public; and and problems of consumers which a.re not (3) products and services available to con­ (5) take such action in a manner calcu­ sumers of the United States, including prod­ duplicative in significant degree to similar lated to give due consideration to the valid activities conducted by other Federal uct test results and studies and other in­ interests of consumers in terms of price, formation relative to product performance. Agencies. . quality, safety, accuracy, effectiveness, de­ (b) For the purpose of conducting hear­ ( c) All Federal agencies which, in the pendability, information and choice. judgment of the Administrator, possess in­ ings, surveys and investigations, the Agency In taking any action under paragraph (5), shall have all powers which are conferred formation which would be useful to con­ the agency concerned shall indicate concisely sumers are authorized and directed to co­ upon the Federal Trade Commission by sec­ in a public announcement of such action tion 9 of the Federal Trade Commission Act operate With the Agency in making such the effect of its action or decision on the con­ information available to the public. With respect to the conduct of investigations sumer interest. made by that Commission under that Act, (d) The Division of Consumer Informa­ except that the Agency may not grant to CONSUMER COMPLAINTS tion shall compile (in a manner meaning­ any person any immunity from prosecution, SEC. 8. (a) Whenever the Agency receives ful and useful to consumers) and dis­ penalty, or forfeiture in accordance With the from any source, or develops on its own seminate to the public on a continuing and provisions of such section 9 Without first initiative, any complaint or other informa­ systematic basis, information developed or obtaining the written consent of the At­ tion disclosing a probable violation of- received by the Agency, but shall avoid du­ torney General and serving upon such per­ (1) any law of the United States, plicating the consumer informational services son a duly certified copy of any consent (2) any rule or order of any administrative of other Federal agencies. therefor granted by the Attorney General. officer or Federal agency, or DIVISION OF CONSUMER SAFETY The provisions of section 10 of the Federal (3) any judgment, decree, or order of any SEC. 10. (a) There shall be in the Agency a Trade Commission Act shall apply to the act court of the United States involving Fed­ Division of Consumer Safety which shall be or omission of any person, partnership, or eral matter. headed by the Director of Consumers Safety. corporation with regard to any subpena, affecting the consumer interest, the Agency (b) The Division of Consumer Safety shall, order, requirement, or information of the shall take such action Within its authority pursuant to rules which shall be established Agency to the same extent, and With the as may be desirable, or shall transmit by the Administrator to protect the right of same effect, as if such act or omission had promptly to the Federal or other agency all interested parties to be heard, conduct a occurred With regard to a like subpena, charged with the duty of enforcing such law, continuing study and investigation of the order, or requirement, or With reference to rule, order, judgment, or decree, for appropri­ scope and adequacy of measures employed to like information, of the Federal Trade ate action, such complaint or other informa­ protect consumers against unreasonable risk Commission. tion. of injuries which may be caused by hazardous REPRESENTATION OF CONSUMERS (b) Whenever the Agency receives from products. Such study and Investigation shall SEC. 6. (a) Whenever there ls pending in any source, or develops on its own initiative, include consideration of the following: or before any Federal agency or court of the any complaint or other information disclos­ (1) the identity of products (except prod­ United States any investigation, hearing, or ing any commercial or trade practice detri­ ucts excluded under subsection ( e) of this other proceeding ( except a criminal proceed­ mental to the interests of consumers Within section) which a.re determined to present an ing) which may, in the opinion of the the United States which ls not included unreasonable hazard to the health and safety Agency, substantially affect the interests of within the category specified in subsection of the consuming publlc; consumers Within the United States, the (a) of this section, the Agency shall take (2) the extent to which self-regulation by Agency through its Consumer Counsel may such action Within its authority as may be industry affords such protection; intervene and, pursuant to the rules of desirable, or shall transmit promptly to the (3) the protection against such hazardous practice and procedure of that agency or Federal or other agency whose regulatory or products afforded at common law in the court, may enter an appearance in that other authority provides the most effective States, including the relationship of product proceeding for the purpose of representing means to terminate such practice, such com­ warranty to such protection; and the interests of such consumers. plaint or other information. (4) a review of Federal, State, and local (b) Whenever the Consumer Counsel de­ (c) The Agency shall ascertain the nature laws relating to the protection of consumers termines it to be in the consumer interest, and extent of action taken With regard to against such hazardous products, including he may request the Federal agency con­ complaints and other information trans­ the scope of coverage, the effectiveness of cerned to initiate such appropriate investi­ mitted under subsections (a) and (b) of sanctions, the adequacy of investigatory pow­ gation, hearing, or other proceeding a.a may this section. ers, the uniformity of application, and the be authorized by law With respect to such (d) The Agency shall notify producers, quality of enforcement and suggestions for agency. distributors, retailers or suppliers of goods improvements. ( c) Upon undertaking any action au­ and services of complaints concerning them (c) The Division of Consumer Safety shall thorized in subsection (a) or (b) above, the received or developed under this section. avoid to the greatest extent practicable pub­ Agency, through its Consumer Oounsel, shall ( e) The Agency shall maintain in a pub­ lishing such information in a form which present to the agency or court, subject to lic document room for public inspection would separately disclose the business trans­ the rules of practice and procedure thereof, and copying an up-to-date listing of con­ actions of any person, trade secrets, or names such evidence, briefs, and arguments as it sumer complaints, arranged ln meaningful of customers, which shall be held con­ shall determine to be necessary for the and useful categories, together With annota· fidential. effective representation of the interests of tions of actions taken by the Agency, as well as copies of all complaints received by (d) The Division of Consumer Safety, to· consumers. The Consumer Counsel, or any gether with the Division of Consumer Re­ it pursuant to this section, but with the search, may design and develop improved other representative of the Agency specially names of the complainants removed if so designated by him for that purpose, shall be requested. by the complainants. Those con· safety features for categories of consumer entitled to enter an appearance on behalf sumer complaints deemed by the Adminis· products which are deemed unsafe. of the Agency before any court of the United ( e) Except for review under subsection trator to be frivolous or vague shall be (4) States (except the United States Supreme maintained in the public document room (b) and development under subsection Court) or Federal agency, without other com­ but shall be clearly identified as frivolous or (d), this section shall not apply With respect pliance With any requirement for admission vague. to products regulated under the National to practice before such court or agency, for Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 the purpose of taking any action which ls DIVXSION OJ' CONSUMER XNFORMATION (15 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.), the Fede~al FOOd, authorized by this section. SEc. 9. (a) There shall be 1n the Agency Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et (d) This section does not authorize inter- a Divlsion of Consumer Information which seq.), the Federal Hazardous Substances April 6, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10465 Labeling Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.). the to the extent permitted by law, to furnish (3) Any vacancy in the Council shall not Pederal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising such materials to the Secretary; and affect its powers, but shall be filled in the Act (15 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.), and the Federal (5) may, to the extent necessary, acquire same manner by which the original appoint­ Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act or establish additional facilities and to pur­ ment was made. (7 U.S.C. 135 et seq.). chase additional equipment for the purpose (4) Members of the Council shall, while of carrying out the purposes of this section. serving on business of the Council, be en­ DIVISION OF CONSUMER RESEARCH; TESTING BY (d) Neither the Secretary nor the Admtn· titled to receive compensation at rates not THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS istrator shall declare one product to be bet­ in excess of the maximum rate of pay for a SEC. 11. (a) There shall be in the Agency a ter, or a better buy, than any other product. GS18, including traveltime and while so serv­ Division of Consumer Research which shall (e) The Administrator shall maintain sur­ ing away from their homes or regular places be headed by the Director of Consumer Re­ veillance over products which have been of business, they may be allowed travel ex­ search. tested to assure that such products and in­ penses, including per diem in lieu of sub­ (b) The Division of Consumer Research formation disseminated about them conform sistence, in the same manner as the expenses shall- to the test results. authorized by section 5703 (b) of title 5, (1) oversee and coordinate all activities of (f) In the case of any test requested by a United States Code, for persons in Govern­ the Agency relating to product research and manufacturer under this section, such manu­ ment service employed intermittently. testing; facturer- (c) The President shall designate the (2) develop methods for testing materials, ( 1) may suggest but not direct, control, or chairman from among the members ap­ mechanisxns, and structures used in consum­ otherwise influence the type of tests to be pointed to the Council. The Council shall er products and for improving consumer conducted by the Secretary, and meet at the call of the chairman but not less services; (2) may publicize the results of the tests often than four times a year. The Adminis­ (3) test products and articles or request conducted by the Secretary, but in so doing trator shall be an ex officio member of the of others to test articles and products may in no way distort, falsify, or misrepresent Council. used or intended for use by consumers; such results. (d) The Council shall- (4) make recommendations to other Fed· DIVISION OF ECONOMICS (1) advise the Administrator on matters relating to the consumer interest; and eral agencies with respect to research, stud­ SEC. 12. (a) There shall be in the Agency ies, analyses, and other information within (2) review and evaluate the effectiveness of a Division of Economics which shall be Federal programs and operations relating to their authority which would be useful and headed by the Director of Economics. beneficial to consumers; and the consumer interest and make recommen­ (b) The Division of Economics shall- dations thereto, including with regard to the (5) investigate and report to Congress on (1) conduct economic surveys and investi­ the desirability and feasibility of establish­ adequacy of the-- gations with respect to matters of interest ( A) administration of existing consumer ing a National Consumer Information Foun­ to consumers, including- dation which would administer a voluntary, protection laws and the need to enact new ( A) the levels of prices for goods and serv­ laws; self-supporting, information tag program ices affecting consumers and the factors en­ (similar to the "Tel-Tag" program of Great tering into their establishment. (B) coordination of consumer programs Britain) under which any manufacturer of a (B) the suitability of goods and services and operations among the Federal agencies, non-perishable consumer product to be sold affecting consumers, and the factors influenc­ and between the Federal Government, State a.t retail could be authorized to attach to and local governments and private enter­ ing such quality and suitability, and prise; each copy of such product a tag, standard (C) the degree to which the trade and in form, containing information, based on commerce of the United States succeeds in (C) consideration of consumer interests by uniform standards, relating to the perform­ satisfying consumer needs for goods and serv­ decisionmaking Federal agencies; ance, safety, durability, and care of the ices; and (D) attention devoted to the consumer product. (2) analyze and disseminate to the public problems of the poor; ( c) The Secretary of Commerce ( here­ information obtained through these and (E) availability of information necessary after referred to in this section as the "Sec­ other investigations and surveys. for the making of intelligent consumer retary") shall establish facllities or utilize ex­ (c) Prior to conducting major economic decisions; isting facilities for the purpose of determin­ surveys and investigations authorized by this (F) existing consumer protection agencies ing, through testing, the performance, con­ section, the Director of Economics shall take and the desirabllity of etablishing a new tent, safety, durability, and other character­ all practicable and reasonable steps to ascer­ Assistant Attorney General for consumer af­ istics of a product offered for sale or intended tain whether any such economic survey and fairs within the Department of Justice to to be offered for sale by a manufacturer and investigation would duplicate in significant prosecute consumer fraud practices; and shall cooperate with the Administrator to degree recent economlc surveys and investi­ (G) existing organization within the Fed­ the greatest extent practicable in performing gations by the Antitrust Division of the De­ eral Government of consumer protection this responsibility. Testing by the Secretary partment of Justice or the Federal Trade functions and the need to reorganize such is authorized only upon a request made by Commission. If, in the determination of the functions. a manufacturer or the Administrator. Re­ Administrator, such a duplication would oc­ (e) The Administrator shall make avail­ quests for tests by the Administrator shall cur and the survey or investigation results of able to the Council such staff, information, take priority over requests by manufacturers, the other agency are available, the Director and other assistance as it may require to unless the Secretary determines in writing of Economics shall not undertake such pro­ carry out its activities. The minutes or a that the consumer interest would be better posed economic survey or investigation, un­ verbatim transcript of each Council meeting servec; by the testing of a manufacturer's less the Administrator determines that said shall be kept and made available for public product. In carrying out such testing, the economic survey or investigation is abso­ inspection. Secretary- lutely essential to the performance of the SAVING PROVISION ( 1) shall charge for the services per­ duties of the Agency. SEC. 14. (a) Nothing contained in this Act formed under the authority of this section CONSUMER ADVISORY COUNCIL shall be construed to alter, modify, or im­ and such charges shall be based on both pair the statutory responsibility and author­ direct and indirect costs, and the appropria­ SEC. 13. (a) There is hereby established in the Agency a Consumer Advisory Council ity contained in section 201(a) (4) of the tion or fund bearing the cost of the services Federal Property and Administrative Services may be reimbursed or the Secretary may re­ (hereafter referred to in this section as the "Council") to be composed of twelve mem­ Act of 1949, as amended (40 U.S.C. 481(a) quire advance payment subject to such ad­ (4)), or of any provision of the antitrust justments on completion of the work as may bers appointed by the President for terms of two years without regard to the provisions of laws, or of any Act providing for the regula­ be agreed upon; title 5, United States Code. Members shil.ll be tion of the trade or commerce of the United (2) may arrange with and reimburse the appointed on the basis of their knowledge States, or to prevent or impair the admin­ heads of other Federal agencies for the per­ and experience in the area of consumer af­ istration or enforcement of any such pro­ formance of any such functions, and as fairs, and their demonstrated ability to exer­ vision of law. necessary or appropriate, delegate any of his cise independent, informed and critical (b) Nothing contained in this Act shall powers under this section to the National judgment. be construed as relieving any Federal agency Bureau of Standards with respect to any (b) (1) Of the members first appointed, six of any authority or responsibility to protect part thereof, and authorize the redelegation shall be appointed for a term of one year and promote the interests of the American of such powers; and six shall be appointed for a term of two consumer. (3) may perform functions under this years as designated by the appointing power ( c) Nothing contained in this Act shall section without regard to section 529 of title at the time of appointment. be construed as eliminating the need for 31, United States Code; (2) Any member appointed to fill a vacancy consumer representation within the Execu­ (4) may request any Federal agency to occurring prior to the expiration of the term tive Office of the President. supply such statistics, data, progress reports, for which his predecessor was appointed only and other information as he deems necessary for the remainder of such term. Members DEFINJ:TIONS to carry out his functions under this section shall be eligible for reappointment a.nd may SEC. 15. As used in this Act- and any such agency ls authorized and di­ serve after the expiration of their terms until ( 1) The terms "commerce" and "corpora­ rected to cooperate with the Secretary and, their successors have taken office. tion" have the meaning given in such terxns, OXIV-659-Part 8 10466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1970 respectively, by section 4 of t he Federal TRIBUTE TO CHIEF CARL L. In addition, the chief enjoys building Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 44). CARLSON {2) The term "Federal agency" means any and working with his hands. department or agency in the executive Chief Carlson has been a tremendous branch of the Government and any inde­ HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON asset to the city of Gardena, and the pendent board, commission, corporation, or Gardena Fire Department will not seem ot her instrumentality of t he Government OF CALIFORNIA the same without his presence. charged with the administ ration of any stat­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I join with the citizens of Gardena in ute of the United States. Monday, April 6, 1970 commending the chief for a job well (3) The term "antitrust law" includes­ done. (A) each provision of law defined as one Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. of the antitrust laws by the first section of Speaker, on Thursday, April 16, the citi­ the Act entitled " An Act to supplement ex­ zens of the city of Gardena, Calif., are NEEDED: MORE MONEY FOR THE ist ing laws against unlawful restraints and honoring the city's fire chief, Carl L. FEDERAL HOUSING PROGRAMS monopolies, and for other purposes", ap­ Carlson, who is retiring after 35 years' proved October 15, 1914 (38 St at. 730, as amended; 15 U.S.C. 12) commonly known as service with the Gardena Fire Depart­ the Clayton Act; ment-the last 11 of which have been as HON. ABNER J. MIKVA (B) the Federal Trade Commission Act fire chief. OF ILLINOIS (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.); The year 1935 marked the beginning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES {C) section 3 of the Act entit led "An Act of two long and successful relationships. to amend section 2 of the Act entitled 'An On October 19 of that year, Chief Carl­ Monday, April 6, 1970 Act to supplement existing laws against un­ lawful restraints and monopolies, and for son married the former Gerry Thomson Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, cost over­ other purposes', approved October 15, 1914, a.s of Burbank. The Carlsons have two chil­ runs seem to be making quite a bit of amended (15 U.S.C. 13) , and for other pur­ dren: Carl George of Estacada, Oreg., news these days. Some of them point to poses", approved June 19, 1936 {U.S.C. 13a), who is a highway engineer for the U.S. lavish overexpenditures in pursuit of commonly known a.s the Robinson-Patman Government; and Sonya Hoffman of San marginally effective if not downright Act; and Jose. The two children have provided wmecessary programs. Others, however, {D) any statute hereafter enacted by the Carl and Gerry with six grandchildren. point to a crying need for adequate funds Congress which prohibits, or makes available for programs directed at meeting those to the United States any remedy with respect The second endeavor which began in to, any restraint upon or monopolization of 1935 was Chief Carlson's career with the domestic programs which are national commerce, or any unfair trade practice or Gardena Fire Department. His compe­ in scope and vitally important to the unfair method of competition in or affecting tence and devotion to duty led to his welfare of our citizens. commerce. appointment as chief in 1959, after nearly The present inability of Federal hous­ (4) The term "State" includes any State a quarter of a century with the depart­ ing programs to meet this year's hous­ or possession of the United States, the Dis­ ment. ing program needs is one such example. trict of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of It is a significant example, not just in its Puerto Rico. In addition to providing outstanding service to the community with the fire reflection of the inadequate funding of CONFORMING AMENDMENTS department, Chief Carlson is active in such housing programs as rent supple­ SEC. 16. (a) Section 5314 of title 5, United many civic organizations. His interest in ment, model cities, urban renewal, States Code, is amended by adding at the end homeownership, and rental housing as­ thereof the following: youth is illustrated by his participation "(54) Administrator, Consumer Protection in the Gardena YMCA, the Boy Scouts, sistance, but because underfunding of Agency." Cub Scouts, and the DeMolay. He served housing programs is characteristic of our (b) Sectjon 5315 of such title is amended on the Gardena YMCA board of directors approach to so many fundamental do­ by adding at the end thereof the following: for 10 years. Chief Carlson was a com­ mestic problems. We institute far-reach­ "(92) Deputy Administrator, Consumer mitteeman for Boy Scouts Troop 253 for ing programs, holding out the bright Protection Agency. 3 years and Cub Pack 253C for 3 years. promise of meeting serious domestic ills, "(93) Consumer Counsel, Consumer Pro­ He was a dad adviser to the Gardena and then default on those promises by tection Agency. our failure to appropriate sufficient "(94) Director of Consumer Information, Order of DeMolay for 5 years. Consumer Protection Agency. For 10 years Chief Carlson was a funds to make them a reality; nowhere "(95) Director of Consumer Safety, Con­ member of the Gardena Valley Kiwanis. is this situation more evident than in sumer Protection Agency. He was the 50th master of Gardena Federal housing programs. "(96) Director of Consumer Research, Con­ Free and Accepted Masons No. 372 in But lack of money alone cannot fully sumer Protection Agency. 1956, and was the only master to have explain some of the worst failures of "(97) Director of Economics, Consumer Federal hoUS'ing programs: In particu­ Protection Agency." been born in Gardena. In 1969, the chief was the high priest of Royal Arch lar the meager supply of low- and mod­ APPROPRIATIONS Masons, chapter 137. Presently, he is a erate-income housing built since the SEC. 17. There a.re hereby authorized to member of council, commandry, Al 1949 Housing Act became law, and the be appropriated to the Agency such sums high percentage of housing built under as may be required to carry out the provisions Malaikah Shrine, and Ed Toga Shrine Club. such programs which is financially un­ of this Act. attainable by low- and moderate-income EFFECTIVE DATE Chief Carlson's activities in profes­ sional organizations have added much earners. High land and construction SEC. 18. (a) This Act shall take effect 90 costs, the outmoded technology of the calendar days following the date on whicb to the professional competence of the this Act is approved, or on such earlier date Gardena Fire Department. Since 1935, construction industry, the complexity as the President shall prescribe and publish he has been a member of both the Cali­ and redtape of the "grantmanship" in the Federal Register, except that section fornia State Fireman's Association and game-which make it difficult if not im­ 10 of this Act shall take effect no later than the Harbor District Association of Fire­ possible for community groups and small the date on which the National Com.mission investors to take full advantage of Fed­ on Product Safety expires. men. For the last 10 years, Chief Carl­ son has been a member of the Interna­ eral programs-are all contributory fac­ (b) Any of the officers provided for in this tors to the present housing crisis. How­ Act may (notwithstanding subsection (a)) tional, Western, and California Fire be appointed in the manner provided for in Chief's Association. ever, insufficient funding certainly has this Act at any time after the date of the In 1964 and 1965 he served as mem­ exacerbated such problems and has stood enactment of this Act, except that the Direc­ bership chairman of the California Fire as a major roadblock to their solution. In tor of Consumer Safety may not be appointed Chief's Association. the face of such financial inadequacies, until after section IO of this Act takes effect it is not too surprising when these pro­ Such officers shall be compensated from the For the la.st 2 years he has served as grams fail to meet their intended goals. date they first take office at the rates pro­ chairman of the liaison committee for No program, no matter how innovative, vided for in this Act. California fire chiefs to the California will be effective without adequate finan­ Amend the title so as to read: "A bill to Fire Prevention Officers Association. cial resources. establish the Consumer Protection Agency Chief Carlson is a member of the First in order to secure within the Federal Gov­ Today, I am introducing a bill, pre­ ernment effective protection and representa­ Presbyterian Church of Gardena. viously introduced by my colleague, Mr. t ion of the interests of the consumers, and In his spare time, he enjoys the out­ RYAN, and 23 other sponsors, to provide for other purposes." door sports of fishing, hunting and golf, supplemental appropriations to the fol- April 7, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10467 lowing programs: Urban renewal, model ance is tragically wide. If Congress does BIDS PARENTS GOODBY cities, homeownership.-235-and rental not see fit to provide that adequate back­ On February 16 he left Baltimore for Cali­ housing-236-assistance, and rent sup­ ing for its stated goals, the "housing gap" fornia, from where he was airlifted to Viet­ will continue to widen. As obligations go nam five days later. As he left his parents at plement program. Friendship, he said, "If my buddies are to go, This bill would increase the 1970 ap­ unmet, the road to a decent home for all I want to be With them." propriations for urban renewal from $250 Americans will continue to lengthen. In addition to his parents, his survivors million to the authorized $650 million. include two brothers, William J. Lorber, of The model cities appropriations of $575 Sacramento, Calif., and Larry S. Lorber, of million would be increased by $450 mil­ PFC. DONN LORBER College Park, Md., and a sister, Karen Marie lion, bringing the appropriation up to the Lorber, 11, of home. authorized $1 billion. The $50 million ap­ pro:;:>riation to the rent supplement pro­ HON. CLARENCE D. LONG OF MARYLAND gram would be increased to the author­ THE LATE "TIC" FORRESTER ized $118 million. Homeownership as­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sistance for low-income persons-235- Monday, April 6, 1970 would be increased from $90 million to HON. 0. C. FISHER $130 million; and assistance for rental Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, Pfc. Donn Lorber, a fine young man from OF TEXAS or cooperative housing for low-income IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES families-236-would be increased from Maryland, was killed recently in Viet­ $85 million to $130 million. nam. I would like to commend his cour­ Wednesday, March 25, 1970 These supplemental appropriations age, and honor his memory by including Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, I have would help to relieve the present cost­ the following article in the RECORD: never known a more courageous, a more squeeze on local agencies and munici­ PFC. DONN LORBER DIES IN VIETNAM; LAST dedicated, and a more patriotic Member palities which threatens the effectiveness WROTE: "l'M PRAYING LIKE You TOLD of this body than the late and lamented of their housing programs. But the ques­ ME" Elijah Lewis Forrester, who was known tion here involves not simply the need In the last letter his family received in to his friends as "Tic." Brooklyn, Pfc. Donn M. Lorber wrote, "I'm to meet obligations incurred for housing praying like you told me." This Georgia Congressman was always programs of this year or of keeping faith Of his gun position near the Cambodian the same--affable, concerned, energetic, with the agencies, municipalities, and border, he said, "there are mosquitoes and and anxious ro do whatever might be the people who rely on them. At base, big rats running when we sleep." good for the country he loved. He was adequate funding is a matter of keeping At 4 p.m. on Easter Sunday an enemy mor­ a statesman in every sense of the word. faith with those goals set by this body tar scored a direct hit on Private Lorber's This Nation suffers from shortage of more than 20 years ago and reiterated gun position. He died at the age of 20. men like "Tic" Forrester. on many occasions since-"a decent DROVE TRUCK, LA YED BRICK News of the death of this great Amer­ home for every American." In recogni­ He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. William G. ican came as a severe blow. To ·me he tion of the failure to meet this goal, the Lorber, of 3913 Second Street, Brooklyn, and was a personal friend who would have 1968 Housing and Urban Development a graduate of Mergenthaler Vocational High walked an extra mile if the occasion Act projected the need for 26 million new School. arose. He was a man of great honor, and After graduation in June, 1968, he worked the respect he commanded from all who housing units by the end of this decade. at two jobs: driving a truck for HawkinS Only 2 years later, we are already falling Food Market in Brooklyn and laying brick knew him was both understandable and far behind the needed rate of construc­ for a construction company. remarkable. tion, clear evidence that the gap between He was drafted six months ago, received Let us hope and pray there will be what we say we want and what we are his basic training at Fort Bragg, N.C., and more "Tic" Forresters on the American willing to back by full financial assist- went to an artillery school at Fort Sill, Okla. scene in the years ahead.

SENATE-Tuesday, April 7, 1970 The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m. ORDER FOR TRANSACTION OF The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ and was called to order by the Acting ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS pore. Without objection, the nomination President pro tempore