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Home , Sixty Glorious Years

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-60635-6 - The Monarchy and the British Nation, 1780 to the Present Edited by Andrzej Olechnowicz Index More information

Index

abdication, the 223, 224, 225, 231, aristocracy, the 18–19, 42, 109, 188, 189, 238–9, 241, 244, 253–4, 255–7, 190, 229 264, 273, 276, 284, 285, 289 Armstrong-Jones, Anthony 107 Acts army, the 48, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 68, 69, 1908 Old Age Pensions 182 88, 183, 254 1911 Parliament 17, 132 Arnold-Foster, Hugh 183 1874 Public Worship Regulation 172, Arnstein, Walter 6, 15, 70, 92, 94, 102, 177 168 1832 Reform 50, 53, 54, 91, 151 Aronson, Theo 99 1867 Reform 48, 51, 53, 60, 61, 63, Arthur, Prince 61 143–4 Artisans’ Institute 195 1884 Reform 16, 17, 53, 189 Arundel Herald Extraordinary 308 1772 Royal Marriages 95 Ashbourne 173 1876 Royal Titles 14, 36, 52 Ashley, Evelyn 58 1901 Royal Titles 36 Asquith, Lady Cynthia 10 1903 Wyndham Land 111, 125, 126 Asquith, H. H. 17, 182, 183, 184, 209, Adelaide, Queen 76, 91, 102 235 Albert, Prince 14, 15, 27, 28, 34, 50, 51, Associated British Pictures 264, 269 53, 57, 59, 62, 71, 74, 78, 93, 129, Attlee, Clement 238, 241, 242 132, 151, 160 Auerbach, Jeffrey 20 and monarchical power 14, 15, 78 Australia 58, 144, 146, 152, 161, 271 Alexandra, Queen 77, 93, 98, 107, 125, Austria 57 126, 128, 185, 261 Austria, Crown Prince Rudolf of 104 Alice, Princess 72, 103 authority 116, 163, 165, 186 Alington, C. A. 248 Alvanley, Lord 90 Bagehot, Walter 9, 12, 20, 21, 26, 29, 49, Amberley, Lady 101 52, 72, 92, 133, 139, 141, 163–4, Ampthill, Lord 182 171, 187, 199, 205, 224, 233, 245, Ancient Law 154 250, 258 And So – Victoria 273 and the cake of custom 155 Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett 104 and criticisms of his argument 158–9, Andrew, Prince 6 162 Anglesey, Lord 112 and deference 9, 21, 157–8 Anglo-Irish Treaty 134 and the digniﬁed role of the monarchy Anne, Princess 107, 305 159, 160 Anne, Queen 93, 159 and the disguised republic 52, 159 Anne of the Thousand Days 274 and The English Constitution 9, 20, 21, Anson, Sir William 12 139, 141, 163, 166 anti-monarchism 39, 40 and the extension of the franchise 143–4 apartheid 268 and the failings of the monarchy 151–2 Archers, The 279 and government by discussion 22, Argyll, Dukes of 199 155–6

315

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-60635-6 - The Monarchy and the British Nation, 1780 to the Present Edited by Andrzej Olechnowicz Index More information

316 Index

and ignorance and superstition 156, 157 bills and ‘Letters on the French Coup d’Etat´ deceased wife’s sister 174 of 1851’ 154 education 17, 185 and literary theories of the balanced licensing 185 constitution 142–3, 144 Billig, Michael 33, 34, 279, 284, and the monarch’s three rights 12, 139, 304–5 148, 233 biography, royal 9, 20 and national character 22, 153–6, 157 mythological 10 and ‘Parliamentary Reform’ 143 official 9–10, 11 and Physics and Politics 154, 156 popular 10 and the political role of the monarchy unofficial 11 141, 150–2 Birmingham 52 and presidential government 22, 145–7, Blair, Tony 43 152 Blake, Lord 186 and republicanism 161–2, 258 Blanc, Louis 142 and the reception of The English Blumler, Jay G. 297 Constitution 140–1 Blunt, Bishop Alfred 250 and royal and unroyal forms of cabinet Bogdanor, Vernon 12, 17, 23 government 142, 144–5, 148–52, Bonar Law, Andrew 132, 186 153, 162 boredom 20 and the United States of America 141, Boult, Sir Adrian 269 145–7, 157 Bradford, Sarah 11, 76 Baldwin, Stanley 186, 223, 228, 233, Bradlaugh, Charles 61, 188 234, 237, 239, 244, 245, 249, 250, Brazier, Rodney 12 252, 253, 254, 256, 264, 284 Break-up of Britain, The 7 Balfour, Arthur 182 Bright, John 62, 192 Balfour of Burleigh 173 Brighton Pavilion 81, 82, 87, 91 Balfour Report 243 British Board of Film Censors 31, 272 Balmoral 211 British constitution, the 142, 143 Barlow, Deirdre 32 British Legion 230, 240 Barlow, Ken 32 British Lion 271 Barnsley 200 British Movietone News 262, 268, 269, Battenberg, Prince Alexander of 180–1 270 Beaconsfieldism 51 British Social Attitudes Report 300 Beaton, Cecil 106 Britons 7 Beatrice, Princess 100 Brittain, Vera 34 Beau Brummell 273–4 broadcasts, royal 73, 245, 248, 262, 290, Beaverbrook, Lord 239 302 Becket 274 Christmas Day 23, 31, 226, 227, 228, bedchamber crisis 91, 166 245, 255, 263, 266, 267, 302, 310 Beeton, Samuel 207 1935 Silver Jubilee 240, 263 Belchem, John 190 national days of prayer 248 Belgium 58 televised 260 Bennett, Alan 278 Brougham, Lord 89, 142–3, 144 Bennett, Arnold 73 Brown, John 93, 96, 278 Benson, Arthur 106 Brummell, Beau 83, 87, 90 Benson, Archbishop E. W. 167, 175, 176 Brunt, Rosalind 33 Bentham, Jeremy 200 Bryanston 107 Beresford, Lord Charles 167 Bryant, Arthur 44 Bernhardt, Sarah 274 Bryce, James 140 Bertie and Elizabeth 279 Buchan, John 228, 289 Bevir, Mark 42 Buckingham Palace 50, 67, 69, 81, 209, Biagini, Eugenio 40, 41 210, 263, 268 Biarritz 184 bombing of 241 Bill of Rights 49 Bulgaria 180

Index 317

Burke, Edmund 114–15, 119, 123, 130, Christian, Prince 100 200 Christian Socialist, The 210 Burns, John 185, 194 Church Defence Institution 63 Burrell, Paul 11 Church, Free 249, 251 Butler, Josephine 103 Church of England 38, 48, 56, 59, 60, Butler, R. A. 228 63, 88, 182, 246, 251 Butt, Isaac 118 Church of Ireland 17 Byron, Lord 87 disestablishment of 60, 111, 185 Church of Scotland, Free 249, 257 caesarism 67, 74 Church of Scotland, Lord High Caillois, Roger 305 Commissioner to 249 Cambridge, Duke of 61, 68, 94–5, 173, Church, Roman Catholic 249, 251 178, 215 Churchill, Lord Randolph 168, 169, 178 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 173, Churchill, Winston 185, 228, 233, 238, 175, 183 239, 245, 265, 268, 290 Canada 58, 93, 152, 245, 265 cinema, the 278 Cannadine, David 6, 11, 13, 15, 19, 29, and coded comments on royal events 36, 47, 89, 92, 96, 105, 114, 122, 276 163, 281 mythologises and humanises the on class 25 monarchy 273–6 on the 1897 Diamond Jubilee in Citrine, Walter 238 Cambridge 24, 25 civil list, the 60, 61, 62, 200, 201, 205, on the feminisation of the monarchy 29, 236, 242, 309–11 76–8 Clarence, Duke of 99, 206, 283 on imperial identity 36 Clarendon, Lord 112 on ornamentalism 36–7 Clarissa 89 on royal ceremonial 24, 25–8 Clark, Anna 88 capitalism, gentlemanly 7 Clark, Mary Anne 88 Cardwell, Edward 215 class system, the 281–2 Carlisle, Countess of 101 and informed fatalism 281 Carlton House 81, 91 Cleveland Street brothel 99 Carlyle, Thomas 195 Cloncurry, Lord 119 Carnarvon, Lord 170, 179 Clynes, J. R. 237 carnival 71–2 Cohen, G. A. 285 Caroline, Queen 65, 86 Colley, Linda 7, 26, 35, 135 Carson, Sir Edward 116 on national and class identities 35 cartes de visite 31 Collins, Robert 104 Cattell, Charles Cockbill 190 Colls, Robert 13 Cecil, Gwendolen 172 Colonial Institute 64 Cecil, Lord Hugh 132 Coming K ..., The 207 celebrity culture 31, 32, 79, 90, 258, 304 commissions, purchase of 64 censorship, ﬁlm 271, 273 Committee of Imperial Defence 183 Chamberlain, Joseph 70, 174 Commonwealth, the 37, 243, 245, 270 Chamberlain, Neville 233, 237 commune, Paris 39, 61, 63 Channel 4 310 communism 239, 246 Channon, Chips 197 conferences, interparty 17 charisma 33, 74 Connaught, Duke of 58, 94, 95, 178 Charles, Prince 6, 32, 106–7, 139, 260, Conquest of Everest 271 268, 282, 291, 292, 295–301, 303 Conservative Party 235, 252 Charles and Diana: A Royal Love Story 277 Constitutional Monarchy Association 43 Charlotte, Princess 72, 79, 88, 89 Contemporary Review, The 142 Charlotte, Queen 79, 80, 96 Conyngham, Lady 83, 121 Charteris, Lord 186 Corelli, Marie 307 chartism 41, 56, 60 Corn Laws 50, 53, 59 Chesterton, G. K. 188 Cornwall, Duchess of 32, 107

318 Index

Cornwall, Duchy of 201 divorce 250, 251, 252, 255 coronation, the 38, 54, 69–73, 79, 115, Dixon, George 61 247–8, 249, 251 Donaldson, Frances 11 Coronation Street 32 Drake of England 274 Cˆote d’Azur 170 Dublin Castle 110–11, 123 Coward, Ros 32 Dublin Exhibition 129 Cowper, Earl 67 Dudley, Lord 126 Craig, Maurice 120 Duke of Edinburgh’s Award Scheme 68 Crawford, Marion 10, 194, 308 Dunning’s motion 163 Creswell, Louise 212 durbars, royal 37, 92, 182, 243, 260 Cromer, Lord 288 Cromwell, Oliver 39, 62, 204 EastEnders 32, 279 Cross, R. A. 173, 179 East India Company 88 Crossman, Richard 21, 195 Economist, The 140, 142 crowds, royal 287 ecumenism 248–9 Cruikshank, George 83 Edinburgh, Alfred, Duke of 94, 95 Cullen, Cardinal 129 education, royal 19–20, 194 Cumberland, Duke of 205 Edward, Prince 106 Curzon, Lord 182, 234 Edward and Mrs Simpson 279 Edward VII, King 11, 16, 17, 31, 58, 61, Daily Herald, The 238, 239 66, 69, 71, 78, 93, 95, 96–9, 104, Daily Mail, The 307 114, 125, 127, 128, 160, 164, 167, Daily Telegraph, The 72, 127 175, 178, 181–3, 184–5, 192, Daily Worker, The 201, 216 193–4, 204, 205, 211, 212, 215, D-Day 248 216–17, 288, 307 Dalhousie, Lord 175 coronation of 26, 69, 125, 260, 287 dambusters, the 266 funeral of 260, 302 dandy, the 78, 89–90, 96 1872 thanksgiving for 26, 63, 288 Darwin, Charles 154 Edward VII 279 Davidson, Archbishop Randall 175, 176, Edward, VIII, King 11, 19, 20, 31, 38, 185, 249 105, 106, 107, 186, 201, 204, 223, Davis, Bette 273, 275 224, 225, 228, 230, 231, 238, 240, Day, J. Wentworth 211 241, 244, 246, 250, 251, 252, Dayan, D. 32 253–4, 255, 259, 261, 264, 272, De Valera, Eamon 134, 135 276, 277, 283, 284, 290, 292, declaration of accession 126, 127, 248 308 deference 21, 22, 43, 144, 305 Edwards, Meredith 271 Democracy in America 154 Eliot, George 29 Democratic Federation 42 Elizabeth 278 Dennis, Geoffrey 280 Elizabeth Is Queen 269 Derby, Lord 58, 168, 169, 179 Elizabeth, the Queen Mother 9, 10, 72, derby, the 97 73, 77, 105, 241, 248, 264 Devonshire, Duchess of 87 able to look the East End in the face 241 Devonshires, the 208 death of 47, 139, 259, 260, Diana: Her True Story (book) 11 297 Diana: Her True Story (ﬁlm) 277, 312 Elizabeth I, Queen 273, 274–5 Diana, Princess 6, 11, 32, 65, 76, 77, Elizabeth II, Queen 6, 27, 36, 37, 44, 66, 102, 107, 260, 277–8, 279, 286, 69, 77, 105, 107, 139, 186, 189, 291, 312 225, 228, 242, 252, 263, 266, 269, Dicey, A. V. 132, 140, 164, 187 279, 282, 289, 291–301, 303, 308, Dictionary of National Biography 181 309, 311, 313 Dilke, Sir Charles 40–1, 61, 62, 161, 174 coronation of 224, 245, 255, 260, Dimbleby, Richard 308 269–70 Disraeli, Benjamin 15, 51, 92, 166, 168, wedding of 66, 242, 268, 277 171, 172, 178, 179 Empire Day 245

Index 319

Empress of Britain 265 George III, King 27, 53, 55, 57, 76, 78, Enchanted Glass, The 7 79, 80, 85, 92, 95, 96, 106, 108, Engels, Friedrich 41 115, 124, 135, 159, 207, 211, 225, Ensor, Robert 164 278 Esher, Lord 26, 106, 183, 282 George IV, King 27, 59, 65, 78, 79, 80, establishment, the 49 81, 82, 85, 88, 89, 93, 96, 106, 115, Evans, Harold 195, 196 151, 159, 163, 181, 204 Examiner, The 140 and oriental influences 82, 83, 87, 91 Exeter, Marquis of 167 and the 1821 visit to Ireland 11, 82, Exhibition, British Empire 70, 263 119–24, 128 Exhibition, Great 56 and the 1822 visit to Scotland 27, 82, 124, 135 FA cup final 70 as leader of fashion 89–91 Fairbrother, Louisa 95 as military monarch 83–5 Faithfull, Emily 102 marriages of 84, 86, 87–8 family, the 252 George V, King 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 18, fascism 239, 246 19, 20, 31, 42, 68, 70, 78, 92, 97, feminism 99, 100–1, 103–4 101, 127, 132, 133, 134, 139, 140, Ferguson, Sarah 311 164, 186, 209, 211, 224, 226, 228, Fife, Louise, Duchess of 105 229, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 50,000 Miles with the Prince of Wales 261 239, 243, 245, 248, 249, 250, 253, finances, royal 13, 40, 59–60, 61, 62, 66, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 269, 272, 199–201, 205, 241, 242, 311 288–9, 307, 313 Finlen, James 217 and shooting 211 Fire Over England 274 and the Christmas broadcast 31, 226, Fitzalan, Lord 134 245, 263 Fitzherbert, Mrs 84, 121 as Norfolk squire 18, 193, 194 Fitzherbert, Mrs 274 death of 224, 246, 289 Fleming, Tom 263 suburban tastes of 209 Flight of the White Herron 270–1 Tory vision of society of 19, 198 Foreign Office 51 George VI, King 9, 10, 11, 19, 26, 29, Forever Amber 274 69, 72, 73, 76, 78, 105, 139, 186, formality, decline in 27 194, 197, 224, 226, 228, 229, 230, Fort Belvedere 106 231, 233, 234, 237, 240, 241, 244, Fortnightly Review, The 145, 154, 160, 246, 248, 249, 254, 255, 263, 162 264–9, 271, 289–91, 306, 307 Forward 189 and boys’ camps 68, 265 France 63, 81, 152, 153, 154, 160 and the Second World War 268, 290 Francis, Prince 100 as castrated male 76 Frederick, Prince 81, 84, 88 coronation of 224, 238, 249, 251, 254, free trade 60 264, 265, 302, 306, 307 Freeman, E. A. 146, 156, 162, 217 death of 224, 245, 268, 290 French, Lord 134 silver wedding of 268 Freud, Sigmund 305 stammer of 67, 226, 265 Fry, Christopher 269 Gibbs, Philip 257 Gillray, James 83 game laws 213, 214 Girard, Pierre 190 Gardiner, A. G. 307 Girls Public Day School Trust 104 Gardiner, S. R. 164 Girouard, Mark 97 Gate of the Year, The 266 Gladstone, William 14, 51, 60, 63, 64, Gaumont British News 266 95, 113, 118, 130, 140, 164, 166, general elections 51, 70, 86 169, 171–2, 173, 174, 179 Genn, Leo 269 Glasgow 313 George I, King 84 Glengall, Countess 119 George II, King 53, 84 Gloucester, Duke of 216

320 Index

God Save the King 55, 246 medieval 165 Goldsmith, Oliver 53 non-marxist 8 Gordon, General Charles 179 obsequiousness of 8 Gordon, Peter 19 Hitchens, Christopher 259 Goschen, Lord 173 Hitler, Adolf 186, 257 Government of England, The 142 Hobbes, Thomas 154 Granville, Lord 174 Hobsbawm, Eric 7 Greece, ancient 155, 156, 157 Hoey, Brian 308 Grey, Earl 58, 87, 142, 143, 144 Hoggart, Richard 291, 305 Grifﬁths, Arthur 132, 133 Hollywood 258 Grigg, John 194 Holtby, Winifred 303 Grote, George 155 Holy Alliance 57 Guardian, The 259, 295 Homans, Margaret 30 Guelphic order 82 home rule 10, 12, 17, 113, 130, 132 honours 18, 238 Haig, Sir Douglas 68 Houghton, Lord 110 Haldane, R. B. 183 House of Lords, the 63, 86, 127, 132, 197, Hall, Philip 13 201–4, 209, 219, 229, 234, 313 Hanna, J. C. 273 Howitt, William 196, 197 Hanover 82 Hughenden 52 happiness 285 Hume, Joseph 205 Harcourt, William 91 Hunt, John 271 Hardie, Frank 92, 280 Hutton, R. H. 140 Hardie, Keir 42, 205 Hardinge, Sir Alec 228 identity, class 35, 281–2 Harris, Frank 193 identity, national 7, 8, 10, 34–6, 66–7, 189 Harris, Jos´e 286 and class identity 35 Harrison, Brian 15, 17, 19, 190 Illustrated London News, The 72, 114 Harrison, Frederic 52, 162 income tax 64 Harrisson, Tom 287 Independent, The 259 Hartington, Lord 169, 170, 173–4 India 83, 263 Haskins, Minnie Louise 266, 267 Industrial Welfare Society 70 Hawkins, Angus 142 inequality, social 236, 280, 284–5, 306 Hearn, William 142 internet, the 73 Heffer, Simon 16 Invention of Tradition, The 77 Helena, Princess 100, 104 investiture of the Prince of Wales, the 70, Helena Victoria, Princess 104 303 Hennessy, Peter 13 Ireland 71, 82, 125, 244 Henry, Prince 100 and Catholic emancipation 108, 111, Henry VIII, King 273 115, 116 Herbert, Auberon 161 and Daniel O’Connell 71, 108, 112, Here Come the Huggetts 277 115–16, 119, 121, 124, 129, 130, Hess, Dame Myra 266 134 Hicks Beach, Sir Michael 173 and Dublin Castle 110–11, 123 Hillary, Edmund 271 and national monuments 25, 109, 129, Hinchliff, Peter 25 130 historians 24 and nationalism 111–13, 132 and periodisation 8 and royal visits 27, 82, 119–28, 129, 134 and the study of republicanism 190–2 and the Act of Union 108 conformism of 8–9 and the Chief Secretary 109, 110 conservative 21 and the disestablishment of the church constitutional 11–13, 232 60, 111, 185 elite perspectives of 24, 37, 44 and the Easter Rising 133 intellectual 21–2 and the Irish character 114 marxist 7, 20 and the monarchy 114–19, 128, 170–1

Index 321

and the national university 127 Kuhn, William 25, 26, 106 and the Ulster crisis 132 Kumar, Krishnan 35, 36 and the viceroyalty 109, 113 Kyrle Society 103 and the Wyndham Land Act 111, 125, 126 Labour Party 9, 42, 198, 224, 234, 235–7, dual monarchy proposed for 132 238, 247, 252, 253, 256, 280 Irish crown jewels 111 and constitutionalism 236, 238, 239 Irish Free State 108, 134–5 and honours 238 Irish Parliamentary Party 132 and republicanism 42, 236 Italy 51 and the abdication 239, 241 It’s A Great Day 277 and the monarchy 235–7, 241–3, 246, 253 James, Henry 173 Labouchere, Henry 99, 171, 201, 203 James II, King 84, 115, 116 Lacey, Robert 308 Jennings, Humphrey 266 Lamb, Charles 79 Jennings, Ivor 12, 44, 164 land, ownership of 42, 196, 210 Jewish Chronicle, The 71 Land of Hope and Glory 265 Jewish community, the 249 Lang, Archbishop Cosmo 228, 249, 251 John, Prince 279 Langham Place 101 John, Rev Jeffrey 186 Langtry, Lillie 104 John and Julie 277 Lansbury, George 194, 198, 241 John Brown, Servant of the Queen 273 Lansdowne, Lord 173 Jones, Thomas 231 Lascelles, Sir Alan 10, 12, 228, 231, 255 Jordan, Dorothy 91 Laski, Harold 217, 280 Jubilee Trust 240 Lawrence, Tim 107 Jubilees, royal Lawton, Dennis 19 1897 Diamond 24, 25, 70, 260 Le Bon, Gustave 287 1887 Golden 6, 26, 37, 62, 70, 71, 282, Lee, Sir Sidney 181 288, 302 Leeds Mercury, The 71 2002 Golden 259, 260, 301, 303 Leeds town hall 71 1935 Silver 26, 70, 224, 226, 228, 237, Lees-Milne, James 309 240, 244, 245, 249, 253, 257, 262, Lennox-Boyd, Alan 70 263–4, 289 Leo XIII, Pope 126 1977 Silver 259 Leopold, Prince 103 and local celebrations 71 Letter to the Women of England 85, 90 Jullian, Phillipe 99 Liberal Party 40, 41, 51, 252 Justice 213, 214, 217 Liberation Society 63 Liddon, H. P. 177 Karim, Abdul 96, 178 Lieven, Princess 87 Katz, Elihu 32 Linley, David 107 Kearney, Hugh 34, 35 Listen to Britain 266 Kelley, Kitty 10 Little Princesses, The 10 Kent, George, Duke of 107 Llewellyn, Roddy 291 Kent, Marina, Duchess of 107 Lloyd George, David 133, 134, 185, 204, Kents, the 311 233, 235 Keppel, Alice 107 Lockhart, Bruce 308 Kew 80 Logue, Cardinal 127 Keynes, J. M. 309 Lombard Street 140 Kimberley, Lord 51, 52 London, Jack 287 King’s Jubilee Fund 264 London Can Take It 266 Kipling, Rudyard 228, 258, 263 Lonsdale, Jon 37 Kirk, Neville 42 Longford, Elizabeth 100, 308 Kirwan, Daniel 208 Lord Chamberlain, the 250, 272 Knight, Castleton 269 Lord High Almoner, the 246 Knollys, Lord 184 Lorne, Marquis of 58, 100, 198–9

322 Index

Lost Prince, The 279 and celebrity culture 32–3 Louis XIV, King 81, 83 discretion of 308–9 Louis XVIII, King 82 tabloid 310 Louise, Princess 61, 72, 100, 103, 104, Melbourne, Lord 59 107, 198–9 Messel, Oliver 107 Lowell, A. L. 288 Mildenhall 263 Ludlow, J. M. 62 Mill, James 197, 210 Mill, John Stuart 142 MacDonald, Ramsay 164 Mitchell, Leslie 270 Mackenzie, Compton 289 models, social science 285 MacNeice, Louis 271 monarchism 43–4, 63, 282, 305, 306–8, Macmillan, Harold 72, 73 313 madness, Hanoverian 207 banal 33, 304, 312 Madness of King George III, The 278 Monarchist League 44 magic 39, 49, 72–3 monarchy, the Maine, Henry 154 and the aristocracy 18–19, 65, 188, Maitland, F. W. 165 189, 193–4, 195–6, 197, 198, 199, Majesty 308 208–10, 219, 229 Mall, the 69 and boredom 20 Man at the Gate, The 267 and celebrity culture 32–3, 79, 90, 304 Man for All Seasons, A 274 and ceremonial 69–72, 73, 189, 195, Manchester 52 246, 301 Manners, Lady Diana 275 and Christian religion 246–52, 270 Marcella 100, 196 and class interests 17, 19, 35, 67, 70 Margaret, Princess 107, 255, 258, 277, and divine ordination 15, 21, 53, 54, 291, 308 291 Maria Theresa, Empress 80 and ecumenism 248–9 marketing, royal 33 and European royalty 14, 18, 50, 198, Marlborough House 206 224 Marquand, David 43 and fashion 78, 79, 80, 89–91, 96 Married Life of the Duchess of York, The 10 and female rule 29–30, 92, 102–3 Marsden, Jonathan 79 and feminism 103–4 Marshall, Gordon 281–2 and foreign policy 14, 16, 51, 52, 94 Marten, Sir Henry 194 and homosexuality 10, 99–100, 106 Martin, Kingsley 289 and imperial policy 14, 16, 36, 37, 58, Martin, Theodore 101 78, 243, 244 Mary, Princess 105 and Ireland 109, 110–11, 113, Mary, Queen 9, 42, 77, 92, 97, 105, 106, 114–19 254, 256, 261, 264, 273 and land ownership 196 Mary Adelaide, Princess 100, 105 and masculinity 30, 77, 99, 105, 106 Mary Louise, Princess 94, 104 and moral consensus 23, 232 Mass-Observation 73, 287, 290, 302, 306 and national identity 34–5, 36, 57, 58, Matthew, Colin 17, 37, 171 66–7, 73, 189, 300–01, 304 Maud, Princess 100 and Nazi Germany 10, 225 May, Erskine 142 and philanthropy 28–9, 56, 68, 101, Mayer, Arno J. 7 102, 105, 314 Maynooth 127 and plutocracy 216–17, 229 Mazzini, Giuseppe 61 and prerogative powers 13, 17 McKernan, Luke 260, 261 and public values 75, 226, 255–7 McKibbin, Ross 17–18, 19, 38 and the role of private secretaries 228, McLean, Roderick 16 233, 234 Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Grand Duchess of and royal education 19–20, 194 70 and royal public language 228–9, media, the 9, 31, 41, 42, 47, 66, 73, 74, 230–1, 245–6, 289 79, 258, 259, 260, 303 and royal servants 18, 19, 311

Index 323

and service 75, 252–5 sympathy for 306, 310 and social inequality 236, 280, 284–5, unenviably hard job of 26, 68–9, 252–5, 306 275–6, 307–8, 312 and speech making 226, 227, 235, 240 Whig interpretation of 48, 52–5, 56–8, and speech writing 226, 227 59, 66 and sport 210–4 Montagu, Oliver 98 and snobbery 198 Monte Carlo 194 and television 27, 31–3, 77, 260, 279, Monteﬁore, Moses 71 310 Moore, George 110, 111 and the Church of England 15, 186, Mordaunt divorce case 61, 98, 208 229, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251 Morrah, Dermot 44, 308 and the cinema 260–71, 273, 278 Morris, William 103 and the civil list 60, 61, 62, 309–11 Morton, Andrew 277, 312 and the Commonwealth 37, 243, 245 Mount, Ferdinand 286 and the coronation 38, 54, 69–73, Mount Everest 269 247–8, 251 Mrs Brown 278 and the Labour Party 9, 235–7, 241–3 Munich, Adrienne 30, 96, 102 and the legitimation of change 68 Munich agreement 237 and the media 31, 79, 303, 308–9, 310 Murdoch, Rupert 309 and the military 15, 74, 83–5, 215–6 Murphy, Philip 37 and the ubiquity of royal occasions 301, 312 Nairn, Tom 7, 32, 35, 36, 42, 43, 280–1, and the working class 9, 10, 70, 277, 286 293 on national and class identities 35 arbitrating role of 17–18, 234 on royal-conservative nationalism 35 as force for social cohesion 239–46 on royal-distributive socialism 42 as head of the establishment 18–19 Napoleon III, Emperor 41, 69, 144, 152 as idealized family 57, 231, 291 nation, Christian 246 as moral exemplar 194–5, 204–8, Nation, The 113 250–1, 298–300, 312 National Art Training School 104 as soap opera 32–3, 278–9, 304 National Council of Social Service 240 as symbol of parliamentary democracy national days of prayer 247, 248 235, 237, 238, 241, 265 National Gallery 266 conservatism of 19, 198, 229 National Government, the 17, 70, 234, constitutionalism of 8, 9, 12, 27, 54, 237, 239, 240 234, 270 National Reformer, The 192, 199, 203, extravagance of 59–60, 61, 62, 66, 214, 215 199–201, 205, 311 National Review, The 146 feminisation of 29, 76–8, 105 nationalism 33, 35, 36 future of 74, 295–301, 313–4 navy, the 60, 263 Germanness of 59, 65, 224, 288 Nazi Germany 10, 225 glamour of 77 Neagle, Anna 272, 273 magical nature of 38–9, 49, 72–3, 258 Nell Gwyn 274 marketing of 33, 79 Nell Gwynne 274 mythological nature of 10, 231 new women 100–1 odds stacked in favour of 66–75, 229, New York World, The 190 301, 302 New Zealand 144, 146, 161, 271 ordinariness of 231, 245–6, 304, 307–8 Newcastle 61 political inﬂuence of 13, 14, 67, 69, Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, The 207 182–3, 184–5, 232–9 newsreels 260–71 political neutrality of 13, 14, 16 Nice 170 popularity of 9, 22, 225, 229, 256, 259, Nicolson, Harold 9, 10, 209, 231, 290 260, 282–3, 284, 285–301, 302, Nightingale, Florence 103 312 nonconformists 60, 62 secrets of 10 Norgay, Tenzing 271

324 Index

Norman yoke, the 192, 201, 214, 215 popularity, royal 9, 22, 225, 229, 256, Northcote, Sir Stafford 140 259, 260, 282–3, 284, 285–301, Northern Star, The 200 302, 312 Notes on England 144 and the problem of sources 283 nursing 104–5 and pressure to conform 302, 312 Portugal, Don Carlos, King of 213 O’Brien, R. B. 111 Potter, George 63 O’Connell, Daniel 71, 108, 112, 115–6, power 163, 186 119, 121, 124, 129, 130, 134 prayers for the sovereign 246 Observer, The 139, 259, 292 Press Complaints Commission 309, 311 Odger, George 161 primogeniture 204 Of Queens’ Gardens 102 Prince’s Trust 68 old corruption 18, 39, 48, 58, 64, 190 Princess Christian Nursing Home 104 Olivier, Sir Laurence 269 Prisoner of Zenda, The 276–7 Olympia, British Industries Fair 264 privacy law, support for 309 opinion polls 259, 286 Private Life of Henry VIII, The 274 Order of Saint Patrick 109, 111 Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex 274 Order of the British Empire 18, 238, 288 Prochaska, Frank 20, 28–9, 76, 230 Oswald, Andrew 285 on the feminisation of the monarchy 29 Our King and Queen 264 on monarchism 43 Our Old Nobility 195 on republicanism 42 on royal philanthropy 28–9, 76, 102, Palmerston, Lord 16, 50, 51, 53, 57, 124, 109, 230 148, 171 Pückler-Muskau, Prince 89, 90 Parissien, Steven 82 Pudney, John 269 Parkin, Frank 23–4 Pugh, Arthur 238 parliament, Northern Ireland 17, 134 Punch 59, 116, 128 Parliamentary Government 142, 143 Parliamentary Government in England 142 Queen Elizabeth 265 Parnell, C. S. 113, 116, 119 Queen Elizabeth I 274 PathéNews 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, Queen Is Crowned, A 269 266, 269 Queen Mary 10 Patriots 36 patronage, political 54–5 Radical, The 192, 216 Peel, Sir Robert 129, 166 Radical Programme 64 Persigny, Duc de 144, 145, 152 radicalism, see republicanism Persimmon 97 Ramsden, Jack 270 Persistence of the Old Regime, The 7 Rank, J. Arthur 266, 269 Petrie, Charles 238 recall to religion 251 philanthropy, royal 28–9, 56, 101, 105, Red Cross 95 314 Redhill asylum 207 Philip, Prince 242, 268, 282, 291, 309 Redmond, John 119, 132, 133 Phillips, Mark 107 Reflections on the Revolution in France 114 Phoenix Park 109, 122, 173 Regency, the 78, 79, 81 photography 262 Reith, Sir John 263 Pickering, Paul 41 religion 38, 53, 54, 246–52 Piedmont 58 civil 38, 246 Pimlott, Ben 291 common 38–9 Pitt, William 53 Relugas conspiracy 183–4 Plunkett, John 27, 31, 41, 63 remembrance 253 plutocracy 216–7, 229 republic Pocock, John 8 aristocratic 52, 142 Ponsonby, Henry 14 crown’d 52 Poor Man’s Guardian, The 209 disguised 52 Pope-Hennessy, James 9, 106 support for 259, 291

Index 325

republicanism 9, 18, 28, 39–43, 54, 55, Royal School of Needlework 104 58–65, 74, 75, 141, 142, 224, 225, Royal Warrant Holders’ Association 33 235, 236, 282, 289, 292 royal yacht 58 and anti-monarchism 39, 40, 41 royalists, real 304, 305 and limits to criticism of the monarchy Royals, The 10 62–5, 287–8 Rule Britannia 55 and the Labour Party 42, 236 Ruskin, John 102, 103 and the Norman yoke 192, 201, 214, Russell, Lord John 51, 54, 56, 57, 124, 215 148, 150, 171 civic 52 Russia 52, 57, 63, 94, 288 classical 40, 43 Ryve, Mrs 205 on aristocratic interests 189, 190, 195–6, 197, 199, 204, 208–10, 219 Salisbury, Lord 15, 99, 166, 167, 169, on land ownership 196 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177, 178, on royal conservatism 198 179, 180 on royal extravagance 59–60, 199–201, Sanbourne, Linley 107 205, 216–7 Sandringham 211, 212, 213, 266, 269 on royal blood-sports 210–4 Sanger, Gerald 270 on royal immorality 204–8 Saraband for Dead Lovers 274, 277 on royal philistinism 194–5 Sardanopolis 87 on royal snobbery 198 Sargent, Sir Malcolm 269 on royal warriors 215–6 Save the Children 107 on the House of Lords 201–4 Saxe-Coburg 59 on the state opening of Parliament 195 scandals, sexual 88, 99, 274 1868–71 revival of 61 Scandanavia 219, 225 traditional arguments of 65, 66 Schleswig-Holstein 51 Restoration 274 Sea Hawk, The 274 revolution secrecy, state culture of 13, 14 1848 53 secularisation 246 French 55, 56, 57 Seeley, J. R. 164 glorious 79, 115 Selznick, David O. 276 industrial 7 Sermons for the Coronation of His Majesty Reynolds, G. W. M. 190, 196, 200 King Edward VIII 253 Reynolds, Kim 14, 29, 92 servants, royal 311 Reynolds’s Newspaper 41, 193, 199, 200, Seyler, Athene 274 202, 204, 207, 208, 212, 215 Shaw, G. B. 194 Rhys-Jones, Sophie 310 Shawcross, William 9, 11 Richardson, Samuel 89, 90 Shils, Edward 23, 25 Richmond, Duke of 167, 169 silence, code of 10 Robinson, Mary 85, 86, 87, 90 Simmons, Jean 275 Rochester, Bishop of 183 Simpson, Mrs 105, 107, 223, 239, 250, Roman Holiday 277 251, 264, 284, 308 Rome 155, 156 Simpson, O. J. 279 Rose, Kenneth 11 Sitwell, Osbert 106 Rosebery, Lord 91, 165 Sixty Glorious Years 272–3, 276 Rothermere, Lord 239 Smalley, George 110 Rowbottom, Anne 305 Smith, Adam 75 royal assent 10, 12 Smith, Paul 22 Royal Cavalcade 264 Smith, W. H. 169, 309 royal command performance 70, 307 smoking 307 Royal Empire Society 64 Soane, Sir John 80 Royal Family 260, 303 Social Democratic Federation 63 royal maundy service 246 socialism 9, 28, 238–9, 280 Royal Romance of Charles and Diana, The societies, voluntary service 230 277 society 19, 65, 229

326 Index

Somerset, Lord Arthur 99 New Zealand 271 South Africa 58 Scotland 27, 82, 124 Southampton 287 South Africa 58, 268 Sparta 155 United States of America 93, 265 Spectator, The 70 Townsend, Peter 277, 291, 308 Spencer, Lord 110, 113, 165 trade fairs 230 Spithead 263 trade unions, leaders of 238 Stamfordham, Lord 9, 228, 236, 244 tradition, invention of 6, 7, 25, 26, 77 Standard, The 127 tradition, renovation of 25 Stanley, Lady Henrietta 101 Tranby Croft case 97 Statute of Westminster 243 Transvaal 58 Stead, W. T. 216 Trench, W. S. 114 Steedman, Carolyn 283 Trevelyan, C. P. 110 Stephen, Leslie 140 Trevelyan, G. M. 228 Stockmar, Baron 150 Trevelyan, G. O. 61 Stone of Scone 131 Turkey 89, 179–80 Strachey, Lytton 106 Turn of the Tide 267 Stubbs, William 156, 164, 165 suffragettes 42 Ulster Volunteer Force 132 Switzerland 146 unemployment 225, 238, 239, 240, 253, 256 Taine, Hippolyte 142, 144, 145, 158 United States of America 55, 61, 141, Tait, Archbishop Campbell 176, 185 145, 146, 154, 157, 161, 192, 215, Talbot, Godfrey 308 270 Talking of the Royal Family 284, 304–5 university extension movement 103 Talleyrand-P´erigord, Charles Maurice, unknown warrior, the 253 Duke of 79 Urbach, Karina 16 Tanner, Joseph 139 Taylor, Antony 39, 40, 41, 42 VE-Day 67 Taylor, Miles 14, 16, 40, 144 Vernon, James 190 television 27, 31–3, 38, 77, 261, 303, 310 Versailles, Palace of 81 and extra fair treatment for the Victoria, Princess 72 monarchy 310 Victoria, Queen 6, 11, 12, 13–16, 18, 19, and soap opera 32–3 21, 26, 27, 28, 29–30, 40, 41, 50, Tennyson, Alfred, Lord 52 51, 56, 57, 59, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68, thanksgiving, service of 26, 63 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 91, 92, 96, Thatcher, Margaret 6 101, 102, 104, 113, 116, 118, 119, Thiers, Louis 152 132, 140, 150, 151, 159, 160, 161, This Happy Breed 277 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 171, 174, Thompson, Dorothy 29 181, 188, 191, 193, 195, 198, 208, Thurtle, Ernest 198 225, 234, 248, 257, 260, 271, 272, Times, The 12, 229, 291, 307 273, 278, 280, 282, 283, 287, 288, Tocqueville, Alexis de 154 307 Today 309 and constitutional monarchy 12, 13–16, Todd, Alpheus 142 78, 166–7, 168, 171 Topical Budget 261 and female rule 30, 92, 102–3 tours, royal 227 and foreign policy 14, 16, 51, 52, 94, Australia 58, 271 179–81 Canada 58, 93, 245, 265 and domestic monarchy 78, 95–6 Commonwealth 270 and honours 18 Dominions 243, 261 and imperial policy 14, 78, 178–9 India 93, 243 and India 14, 16, 52, 92, 135, 178–9, industrial areas 9 193, 195 Ireland 27, 82, 119–25 and Ireland 113, 124–5, 128, 129, provincial 27, 71, 74, 268, 303 170–1

Index 327

and philanthropy 102 Webb, Beatrice 19, 232, 233 and religion 15, 21, 57, 166, 176–8 weddings, royal 6, 32, 72, 261, 296 and 1876 Royal Titles Act 14, 52 Wedgwood, Josiah 79, 250 and the 1850 memorandum 150 Weight, Richard 36 and the civil list 60, 61, 62 Wellington, Duke of 116 as warrior queen 15, 74, 93–5 Wells, H. G. 65, 280, 312 authority of 163, 165, 166 Wessexes, the 310, 311 civic publicness of 41 Westcott, Bishop Brooke 177 extravagance of 59–60, 61, 62 Westminster City Council 302 Hanoverian temperament of 14, 77 What Does She Do With It? 61 marketing of 33 Wheeler-Bennett, John 9 middle-class values of 19 Wheelwright, John 196 mourning of 62, 160, 190, 205, Whig, interpretation of the monarchy 48, 287 52–5, 56–8, 59, 66, 235 on Bagehot 140, 162 Wigg, George 73 Victoria and Albert 279 Wigram, Clive 228 Victoria Monument 69 Wilcox, Herbert 272 Victoria the Great 272, 276 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 16, 179 Vile, Maurice 151 Wilkins, Vaughan 273 Virgin Queen 275 Wilkinson, Ellen 195 volunteer movement 40 William, Prince 296, 301 William III, King 84, 116 Wake, Jehanne 100 William, IV, King 27, 50, 91, 150, 151, Walbrook, Anton 272 181 Wales, South 256 Williams, Richard 14, 31, 35, 41 Walker, Norman 267 Williams, Susan 284 Wallace, Edgar 307 Wilson, E. D. J. 140 Wallis and Edward 279 Wilson, H. J. 200 Walpole, Hugh 307 Wilson, Woodrow 140 War, Boer 69, 94, 215 Windsor 80, 209 War, Crimean 215 Windsor ﬁre 286, 291, 293 War, Falklands 7 Wolffe, John 38 War, First World 235, 239–40, 288–9, Women’s Educational Union 104 313 Woodward, Kathleen 10 War, Second World 268, 271, 290, 313 Woodward, Louise 279 War, Seven Years’ 79 Wraxall, Nathaniel 83 War of the Waleses 291, 312 Wright, Thomas 62 Ward, Mrs Humphry 100, 196 Ward, Yvonne 106 York House 209 Warrack, Guy 269 Young, Michael 23, 25 warrants, royal 33 Young Bess 275 Warwick, Daisy, Countess of 98 Waterford, Marquis of 207 Zenda, prisoner of 195 Watson, A. E. T. 211 Zetland, Marquess of 223 Waugh, Evelyn 285 Ziegler, Philip 11, 38, 289, 290