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A U.S. Embassy for Lisbon, Portugal a U.S

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A U.S. Embassy for Lisbon, Portugal a U.S A U.S. EMBASSY FOR LISBON, PORTUGAL A U.S. EMBASSY FOR LISBON, PORTUGAL A U.S. Embassy for Lisbon, Portugal Presented to Professor William Lawrence Garvin DIVISION OF ARCHITECTURE TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Bachelor of Architecture Degree by Paulo M. Peres May 10, 1984 AC IN MEMORY OF ANGELO BASTOS PERES: FATHER, AND ARCHITECT, TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Summary, Goals and Objectives 1 Background 5 Activity Analysis 56 Site Analysis 74 Space Summary 92 Systems Performance Criteria 103 Cost Analysis Ill Detailed Space List 118 Appendices: A. Correspondence 170 B. Bibliography 183 C. Standards for Safehavens for U.S. Foreign Service Buildings 187 D. Case Studies 200 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Existing U.S. Embassy and Consulate 9 Location of Existing U.S. Embassy, Lisbon 10 Location of Portugal 12 Population Density 14 Scene of the Earthquake of 1755 20 Location of Lisbon 22 Sao Carlos National Theater 24 Museums of Coaches 24 Old Lisbon 28 New Lisbon 28 Jeronimos Abbey 29 Sao Jorge 29 Aguas Livres Aqueduct 30 The Cathedral 30 Belem Tower 31 25 De Abril Bridge 32 "Praqca do Comercio" 32 Urban Growth of Lisbon 1147 - 1980 54 Physical Environment Factors 61 Factors of Workers Comfort 62 Lighting Factor 63 Environmental Light Levels 63 Conditions Affecting Privacy 64 Relationship of the Elements 65 Organization of A Mission 66 Consulate Tasks 68 Activity Cycles 69 Waiting Areas (Present) 69 Service Structure (Present) 70 Service Structure (Suggested) 70 Waiting Area (Suggested) 71 Site Location 74 The Site 75 Sete-Rios 75 Topographic Location of the Site 76 Slope Analysis 79 Site Drainage Diagram 80 Site Views 82 Northeastern View 83 Southeastern View 83 South View 83 East View 84 Northeast View 84 Sun Paths and Wind Direction 86 Land Use Map 89 Site Circulaion 90 LIST OF TABLES Growing Consular Workload - 1972-1978(est.) 7 Diplomats Under Siege 1975-1980 8 Population Change Per Millions 1900-1981 13 Age Pyramid 15 People Employed in Construction 1970-1980 18 Use of Construction Materials: Steel & Concrete. 19 Summary List of HVAC Requirements 105 Project Schedule Ill PROJECT SUMMARY, GOALS & OBJECTIVES * PROJECT SUMMARY, GOALS & OBJECTIVES The building shall be expressed in such a way as to display the qualities of the United States towards friendly nations; these qualities include dignity, strength, and neighborly sympathy. Relationship to the site and country shall be communicated through architectural design of excellence. Os­ tentation shall be avoided. The design of the building shall cleave to established construction practice and use of potentials, materials and methods of the United States. The building shall be economical to construct, operate, and main­ tain. High priority must be given to include in the building features that provide the greatest possible protection and safety for the people using the building. One should keep in mind that goals may or may not be reached; however, they provide an impetus towards an improvement of the quality of life and environment of the Embassy. Goals shall be understood as something to strive for, the terminal point to be reached; the objectives are the primary purpose of these goals, the possibilities that occur having achieved the goal. 2y id­ entifying and describing needs and the expression of these needs, this program conveys the following goals and objectives. Success in this project shall be measured on how wall zisse goals and objectives are accomplished. General '' To optimize relations among people. * To optimize interaction between people and nature. * To optimize relations among man-made, physical and non-physical objects. * To attend to the intellectual, physical, and emotional needs of people. " To determine the most appropriate environment for act­ ivities and the best way for people to do these activities "' To determine time, place, and condition patterns for interelating activities, the networks which connect them, and manifest these activities. * To develop an environment and its environmental parts 1 that will attend to and,stimulate the minds of people. " To develop an environment and its environmental parts that shall attend to the functioning, technical, economic, and efficiency requirements of man. Specific " To discover the essence and vitality of Lisbon's community and display sympathy towards this essence and vitality. * To express "the best" architectural design the U.S. can produce. " To- give form, meaning, and scale to the Embassy. * To give the Embassy a feeling of permanency. * To create an Embasy that impresses, but that does not intimidate; to convey, in "a quiet way", solidity, strength, and power. " To give predilection to images and activities of human scale while simultaneously attend to vehicular require­ ments . * To integrate landscaping, the building, and activities into a sense of "Places and Paths". "' To preserve, protect, and enhance ideas and acts of history, and simultaneously attend to present and future needs and desires. * To develop plans and designs that provide for: con­ stancy and change, guidance and choice, orientation and discovery. * To create rich varieties of experiences and scales, maximizing alternatives and choice to fit mood and purpose * To allow human assemblage/concentration without harm­ ful congestion. * To design an Embassy that functions equally well during the various reasons, and attentive to climatic conceits and hazards. To develop the Building and its spaces preserving energy, maximizing passive systems, reducing environmental impacts, and providing pleasant interior/extrior en­ vironments . To give apparency and symbolism to the entries/ exits of the Embassy that connect the building with Lisbon, Portugal, and the World. Notes 1 Department of State Foreign Building Operations, Architectural Design Criteria (Washington D.C.: GPO, 1975), p. II. 4 BACKGROWro EMBASSIES The Origin and Evolution Thomas Jefferson served as the first Secretary of State. As president he was a paladin on continental expansion. For more than a century there were two branches of the foreign service: the diplomatic and consular systems. The dip­ lomatic section dealt with other countries on the pressing matters of the state, while the consular system performed such chores as to protect the interests of the U.S. citizens abroad as well as play a role to promote and preserve the welfare of the U.S. commerce. But basically the same officers fulfilled both functions. American diplomacy had an earlier task of making friends, of trying to establish bonds. As a new country just released from British bondage, the United States had a need to consolidate relations with other countries. The situation was very delicate and a wrong word or attitude could throw the country back in a war. The services had their start, on a makeshift basis, nearly thirty years before the Louisiana Purchase. Since then, for almost two centuries, the overseas service has grown haphazardly and only with sporadic planning into its present worldwide dimensions. The Importance The importance of the existance of an American embassy is re­ flected through the services it provides. For foreign nat­ ionals an embassy is like a gateway to the New World; it is the "first contact" they will have with the United States. The main service provided by the embassy to the local people is the issuance of visas for immigrants and non-immigrants. With­ out a visa issued by the embassy of the country of origin, a foreign national may not enter the United States legally. Services for U.S. citizens include advice and help in case of any problem during one's stay in the host country, this in­ cludes help to those who are in serious legal, medical, or even difficulties involving money; consulates also provide services that are not related to an emergency such as infor­ mation on absentee voting, registration of Selective Service, advice for traveling, and acquisition or loss of citizenship. They can arrange transfer of benefits such as social security for those citizens living abroad, provide tax forms, and even notarize documents. At an embassy a U.S. citizen abroad may also find assistance obtaining evidence for domestic ligation, advice on child custody concerns, claims of property, and how 2 to obtain foreign public documents. Last, but certainly not the least, of the functions of an U.S. embassy, is the pur­ pose of conducting normal continuing diplomatic relations between the government of the United States and the government of other countires. The Need As international communication and commerce expand there is a need for substantial increase in traditional representation and data gathering services for U.S. foreign missions. The workload in most of the embassies throughout the world (including Lisbon's) is greatly increasing. There was an in­ crease of approximately 44 percent of total worldwide work in consulates while simultaneously there was an increase of 11 percent of consular staff-years. As one may observe from the diagram on Fig. 1 using 1971 as the base year and 1978 as an estimation, the projected increases predicted for 1978 an increase of 60 percent of consular workloads and 19 percent for staff years. The greatest step-up in workload has been the issuance of visas. Citizenship and passport and special con­ sular services workloads, between 1971 and 1976, increased 11.8 percent and 14.8 percent repectively. In staffing, for the same period of time, there was an increase of 7.9 percent in the passport and citizenship area and 3.2 percent in the special consular services area. The influence this workload has on consular services is very negative: "A number of con­ sular officers told us that morale was low among consular personnel. One of the reasons they give for this was the increasing volume of consular workload associated with what they believe was inadequate consular staff resources."3 It seems that most of the existing buildings, including the one in Lisbon, are no longer able to handle an increase in work force, therefore making it necessary for either expansion of the existing building or construction of a new one.
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