DOCSLIB.ORG

Information to Users

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfihn master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Ifigher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 LITHIC EVIDENCE OF PREHISTORIC ROCKSHELTER USE IN EASTERN KENTUCKY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Darlene Applegate, M.A. The Ohio State University 1 9 9 7 Dissertation Committee: Dr. William S. Dancey, Advisor Approved by Dr. Kristen J. Gremillion Dr. Paul J. Sciulli ^ Advisor Dr. Richard W. Yerkes Department of Anthropology UMI N um ber: 9 7 3 1 5 8 4 UMI Microform 9731584 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by Darlene Applegate 1997 ABSTRACT Eastern Kentucky's rockshelters gained archaeological prominence in the 1920s and 1930s because of their characteristically thick ash deposits containing a wide variety of well-preserved, prehistoric organic remains. Explanations of the role that rockshelters played in the settlement strategies of prehistoric people in eastern Kentucky have been related closely to subsistence economy reconstructions. From the beginning, archaeological studies of the rockshelters placed a relatively low priority on the analytical potential of inorganic materials like lithics, especially lithic assemblages dominated by chipped-stone waste material. The present study addresses both issues, shelter use and lithic analysis, by examining the physical and spatial attributes of debitage-dominated lithic assemblages from two eastern Kentucky rockshelters. Cold Oak Shelter and Rock Bridge Shelter, in order to assess diachronic variability in prehistoric occupational intensity. Gold Oak Shelter is a multicomponent shelter with occupations from the Terminal Archaic, Early Woodland, and Middle Woodland periods. Rock Bridge Shelter, on the other hand, was occupied during the Late Woodland period only. Indicators of occupational variability include lithic density, tool diversity, use of exotic cherts, heat treatment of cherts, toolrdebitage ratio, flake fragment types, and debitage types. The results of the lithic analyses indicate that, despite the effects of formation processes that affect the distribution and condition of lithics. Terminal Archaic and Early Woodland occupations at Cold Oak Shelter were relatively more intense than later occupations in terms of duration and frequency of occupation. Comparable ranges of lithic-related 11 activities are associated with Terminal Archaic, Early Woodland, and Late Woodland occupations, although chipped-stone tool manufacture was more intense during the earlier periods and chipped-stone tool maintenance was more common during the Late Woodland period. Nonlithic remains from the two shelters support these conclusions. The results concur with previous explanations positing that Late Archaic and Early Woodland shelter use was more intense than other occupations in terms of duration and frequency of occupation. 111 Dedicated to my parents, John and Margaret I V ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the support of my adviser, Dr. William Dancey, for his thoughtful comments on theoretical and methodological issues related to the research project. I am thankful for his encouragement and guidance throughout my graduate career, especially completion of this research project. I am indebted to Dr. Kristen Gremillion for introducing me to the wonders of eastern Kentucky's rockshelters and for the opportunities to work at Rock Bridge and Cold Oak. I am thankful for her patience, support, and guidance while conducting the lithic analyses and preparing the lithic reports. I sincerely thank Dr. Paul Sciulli and Dr. Richard Yerkes for their insightful comments on the dissertation proposal and manuscript and for the great classes I took with them at OSU. Dr. Loren Babcock of the Department of Geology at The Ohio State University provided helpful suggestions regarding geological issues related to the dissertation, for which I am very appreciative. Dr. Bede Clay, Kentucky State Archaeologist, generously provided me with access to site forms and cultural resource management reports for the counties of the study area. I also wish to thank USDA Forest Service archaeologists Cecil Ison, Johnny Faulkner, and Tom Fouts for their assistance in chert identification. Dr. Gremillion's work at Rock Bridge Shelter was supported financially by a University Seed Grant Award from the Office of Research, The Ohio State University, and financially and technically by the USDA Forest Service. Excavations and analyses conducted by Dr. Gremillion at Cold Oak Shelter were supported by a grant from the National Geographic Society. VITA March 18, 1964 ................................... Born - Marion, Ohio 1 9 8 6 ........................................................ B.A. Anthropology & Geology, Miami University 1991 ........................................................ M.A. Anthropology, The Ohio State University 1990 - 1994 ............................................ Graduate Teaching and Research, Associate, The Ohio State University 1993 - 1994 ................................... Archaeology Intern, Bureau of Environmental Services Ohio Department of Transportation PUBLICATIONS 1. D. Applegate, "Lithic analysis at Rock Bridge Shelter (15Wo75), Wolfe County, Eastern Kentucky." In Current Archaeological Research in Kentucky: Volume Four, pp. 32-68. Edited by Sara L. Sanders, Thomas N. Sanders, and Charles Stout. Kentucky Heritage Council, Frankfort, Kentucky (1996). 2. D. Applegate, "Lithic artifacts." In Archaeological and Paleoethnobotanical Investigations at the Cold Oak Shelter, Kentucky, pp. 89-217. Written by Kristen J. Gremillion, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University. Report submitted to the National Geographic Society (1995). 3. D. Applegate, "Lithic analysis." In A Phase III Cultural Resources Assessment of Sites #33-Vi-391, #33-Vi-392, #33-Vi-393, »33-Vi-394, and ff33-Vi-395 for the VIN-50-8.07 (PID 5213) Bridge Replacement and Road Realignment Project, Richland Township, Vinton County, Ohio, pages 10-17. Submitted by Ohio Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Environmental Services, Cultural Resources Unit (1994). 4. D. Applegate, "Lithic analysis." In A Phase III Cultural Resources Assessment of Site #33-Li-573 for the LIC-70-27.55 (PID 10479) Road Relocation Project, Bowling Green Township, Licking County, Ohio, pages 9-15. Submitted by Ohio Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Environmental Services, Cultural Resources Unit (1993). V I 5. D. Applegate, "Lithic artifacts." in Archaeological Investigations at the Rock Bridge Shelter (15Wo75), Wolfe County, Kentucky, pages 54-133. Written by Kristen J. Gremillion, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University. Report submitted to Cecil Ison, Field Archaeologist, Daniel Boone National Forest, Stanton, Kentucky ( 1 9 9 3 ) . FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Anthropology V I I TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .............................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... v Vita ............................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... xi List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ xiii Chapters: 1. Research problem ................................................................................................. 1 2. Environmental and cultural milieu of the study area .................................... 11 2.1.
Recommended publications
  • LITHIC ANALYSIS (01-070-391) Rutgers University Spring 2010

    LITHIC ANALYSIS (01-070-391) Rutgers University Spring 2010

    SYLLABUS LITHIC ANALYSIS (01-070-391) Rutgers University Spring 2010 Lecture days/hours: Thursday, 2:15-5:15 PM Lecture location: BioSci 206, Douglass Campus Instructors: Dr. J.W.K. Harris J.S. Reti, MA [email protected] [email protected] Office: BioSci, Room 203B Office: BioSci, Room 204C Office Hours: Friday 11:00 – 1:00 Office Hours: Thursday 1:00 – 3:00 COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is an integrated course that incorporates theoretical, behavioral, and practical aspects of lithic technology. Lithic Analysis is an advanced undergraduate course in human and non-human primate stone technology. Each student is expected to already have taken an introductory course in human evolution, primatology, and/or archaeology. Lithic Analysis is a sub-discipline of archaeology. The focus is on the inferential potential of stone tools with regard to human behavior. Early human ancestors first realized the utility of sharp stone edges for butchery and other practices. Arguably, without the advent of stone tools human evolution would have taken a different path. Stone tools allowed early hominins efficient access to meat resources and provided as avenue for cognitive development and three-dimensional problem solving. This course will provide a three-fold approach to lithic analysis: 1) study of archaeological sites and behavioral change through time relative to lithic technological changes, 2) insight into the art of laboratory lithic analysis and methods employed to attain concrete, quantitative behavioral conclusions, and 3) extensive training in stone tool replication. Such training will provide students with both an appreciation for the skills of our ancestors and with personal skills that will allow for further research into replication and human behavior.
  • FACT SHEET OVERVIEW Lower Cliff Dwelling Construction Sequence

    FACT SHEET OVERVIEW Lower Cliff Dwelling Construction Sequence

    southwestlearning.org TONTO Lower Cliff Dwelling FACTOVERVIEW SHEET Construction Sequence ARCHIVES SERVICE PARK NATIONAL Tonto National Monument, established in 1907, protects several cliff dwelling sites and numerous smaller archeo- logical sites scattered throughout the highlands and allu- vial plains within the Tonto Basin, Arizona. The Lower Cliff Dwelling is one of two large sites accessible to the public, and is the primary site visited in the Monument throughout the year. Background The Lower Cliff Dwelling consists of an approximately 20- room masonry and adobe village built within a natural al- cove above a side drainage of the Salt River called Cholla Canyon and overlooking Cave Canyon, where there is now an active spring. The site itself has been known since at The Lower Cliff Dwelling at Tonto National Monument, ca. 1905. least the late 1800s, and unfortunately, was subject to exces- sive looting and associated damage long before becoming a lage was not built all at once, however, and instead started Monument in 1907 and later coming under the protection of with only one or two rooms, to which additional rooms the National Park Service (NPS) in 1933. However, histor- were added over a period of perhaps 30 years (Nordby et ic photographs, excavation and stabilization records (e.g., al. 2012). New rooms were built on bedrock, artificially Duffen 1937; Pierson 1952), and recent research provide leveled floors, and accumulated trash. While the rocks and some indication of when and how the Lower Cliff Dwelling clay for the adobe were readily available (Nordby et al. was constructed, and to some extent, by whom.
  • Portable Skidder Bridges May Keep You out of Trrroubled Watersatersaters by Amy Thompson and Jeff Stringer

    Portable Skidder Bridges May Keep You out of Trrroubled Watersatersaters by Amy Thompson and Jeff Stringer

    UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE Lexington, Kentucky 40546 THE KENTUCKY L GJAM PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL, SAFETY, AND PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION TO KENTUCKY'S TIMBER HARVESTING OPERATORS Editor, Jeffrey W. Stringer Fall 2001 Volume 6 No. 4 Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky Who keeps track of your CEUs? Keeping Your You are responsible for keeping track of your CEUs. In addition, the Master Logger office will keep track of your continuing education as best as possible. When you attend a Master Logger KML pre-approved continuing education program, you will be required to fill out a Master Logger Sign-In Sheet at the Status beginning of the program. These sheets will be collected by The Kentucky Forest Conservation Act states that all the program provider and returned to KML office, where we Kentucky Master Loggers must complete six hours of con- can record the information. You will also be given a Ken- tinuing education in order to renew their Master Logger status tucky Master Logger Designation Renewal Form (Form KML- beyond the expiration date listed on their KML Card. Con- 5), which will enable you to keep track of your own CEU tinuing education is important not only because it is needed credits. Once you have achieved the six hours, you can sub- for maintaining your KML status, but it is one way to stay mit this form to the Master Logger Office along with the re- current on innovations, new regulations, best management newal fee to renew your KML designation. practices and other topics related to timber harvesting.
  • New Mexico Archaeology New Mexico Archaeology

    New Mexico Archaeology New Mexico Archaeology

    NTheNew ewNewsletter MMexicoexico of the Friends AArchaeology rchaeologyof Archaeology November 2014 From The Director Pottery on the web Eric Blinman Ph.D, Director OAS Office of Archaeological Studies is delighted to an- I’m writing this with the knowledge that I have yet again nounce the launch of a new research tool and valuable violated Jessica’s trust in me in her role as editor. My deadline addition to our website. The Pottery Typology Project, for producing this column was last week, but in the press created by C. Dean Wilson is an online compendium of of responsibility and opportunity there’s been no time until the Native pottery of New Mexico found in archaeologi- now. In some senses, my procrastination has been fortunate, cal context. since the week has been intense and reorienting, and Jessica’s patience is just one of many reminders of how fortunate we all are to have each other. The Friends of Archaeology and OAS both work, and probably work so well together, because there is an underlying passion for and commitment to the subject matter and potential of archaeology. This attitude leads to effort above and beyond any reasonable expectation from both staff and volunteers. Jessica and her volunteers have put up with a lot of stress caused by the rest of us in their journey to produce each of the newsletters, and the results are easy to both appreciate and take for granted. Sheri worked hard, with only inconsistent support from me, to pull together the logistics Why is a pottery typology on line important? Since the of the wonderfully successful Canyon of the Ancients tour.
  • Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1

    Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1

    Borsa di studio finanziata da: Ministero degli Affari Esteri di Italia Thanks all …………. I will be glad to give my theses with all my love to my father and mother, all my brothers for their helps since I came to Italy until I got this degree. I am glad because I am one of Dr. Ursula Thun Hohenstein students. I would like to thanks her to her help and support during my research. I would like to thanks Dr.. Maysoon AlNahar and the Museum of the University of Jordan stuff for their help during my work in Jordan. I would like to thank all of Prof. Perreto Carlo and Prof. Benedetto Sala, Dr. Arzarello Marta and all my professors in the University of Ferrara for their support and help during my Phd Research. During my study in Italy I met a lot of friends and specially my colleges in the University of Ferrara. I would like to thanks all for their help and support during these years. Finally I would like to thanks the Minister of Fournier of Italy, Embassy of Italy in Jordan and the University of Ferrara institute for higher studies (IUSS) to fund my PhD research. CONTENTS Ch. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ch. 2. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH 3 Ch. 3. NEOLITHIC PERIOD IN NEAR EAST 5 3.1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in Near east 5 3.2. Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in Near east 10 3.2.A. Early PPNB 10 3.2.B. Middle PPNB 13 3.2.C. Late PPNB 15 3.3.
  • 2016 Athens, Georgia

    2016 Athens, Georgia

    SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS & ABSTRACTS OF THE 73RD ANNUAL MEETING OCTOBER 26-29, 2016 ATHENS, GEORGIA BULLETIN 59 2016 BULLETIN 59 2016 PROCEEDINGS & ABSTRACTS OF THE 73RD ANNUAL MEETING OCTOBER 26-29, 2016 THE CLASSIC CENTER ATHENS, GEORGIA Meeting Organizer: Edited by: Hosted by: Cover: © Southeastern Archaeological Conference 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE CLASSIC CENTER FLOOR PLAN……………………………………………………...……………………..…... PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………….…..……. LIST OF DONORS……………………………………………………………………………………………….…..……. SPECIAL THANKS………………………………………………………………………………………….….....……….. SEAC AT A GLANCE……………………………………………………………………………………….……….....…. GENERAL INFORMATION & SPECIAL EVENTS SCHEDULE…………………….……………………..…………... PROGRAM WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26…………………………………………………………………………..……. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27……………………………………………………………………………...…...13 FRIDAY, OCTOBER 28TH……………………………………………………………….……………....…..21 SATURDAY, OCTOBER 29TH…………………………………………………………….…………....…...28 STUDENT PAPER COMPETITION ENTRIES…………………………………………………………………..………. ABSTRACTS OF SYMPOSIA AND PANELS……………………………………………………………..…………….. ABSTRACTS OF WORKSHOPS…………………………………………………………………………...…………….. ABSTRACTS OF SEAC STUDENT AFFAIRS LUNCHEON……………………………………………..…..……….. SEAC LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS FOR 2016…………………….……………….…….…………………. Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin 59, 2016 ConferenceRooms CLASSIC CENTERFLOOR PLAN 6 73rd Annual Meeting, Athens, Georgia EVENT LOCATIONS Baldwin Hall Baldwin Hall 7 Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin
  • Ohio Archaeological Inventory Form Instruction Manual

    Ohio Archaeological Inventory Form Instruction Manual

    Ohio Archaeological Inventory Form Instruction Manual With the support of the U.S. Department of the Interior’s Historic Preservation Fund and the Ohio Historic Preservation Office of the Ohio Historical Society Copyright © 2007 Ohio Historical Society, Inc. All rights reserved. The publication of these materials has been made possible in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior’s National Park Service, administered by the Ohio Historic Preservation Office. However, its contents do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products imply their endorsement. The Ohio Historic Preservation Office receives federal assistance from the U.S. Department of the Interior’s Historic Preservation Fund. U.S. Department of the Interior regulations prohibit unlawful discrimination in depart- mental federally assisted programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or disability. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1849 C Street N.W., Washington D.C. 20240. Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 East Hudson Street Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 614/ 298-2000 Fax 614/ 298-2037 Visit us at www.ohiohistory.org OAl Rev. June 2003 Table of Contents Introduction and General Instructions 1 Definition of Archaeological Resource (Site) 1 Submitting an Ohio Archaeological Inventory Form 2 Itemized Instructions 3 A. Identification 3 1. Type of Form 3 2.
  • Introduction

    Introduction

    City of Manitou Springs Historic District Design Guidelines CHAPTER 1 Introduction • Philosophy of the Design Guidelines • How to Use the Design Guidelines • Submittal Process Chapter 1: Introduction City of Manitou Springs Historic District Design Guidelines Chapter 1: Introduction City of Manitou Springs Historic District Design Guidelines Chapter 1: Introduction Philosophy of the Design Guidelines The Manitou Springs Historic District Design Guidelines provide a basis for evaluating building design proposals within the District and help ensure implementation of the goals of the Historic Preservation Ordinance. The Guidelines have been derived from the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Treat- ment of Historic Properties and are specifi cally crafted to meet the needs of the City of Manitou Springs, Colorado. The Guidelines require reasonable application. Their purpose in the design approval process is to maintain and protect: • The historic integrity of individual structures and historic features in the District • The unique architectural character of the different sub-districts • The distinctiveness of the city as a whole The Guidelines provide a tool for property owners and the Commission to use in determining whether a proposal is appropriate to the long-term interests of the District. The parameters set forth in the Guidelines also support opportunities for design creativity and individual choice. Our application of the Guidelines encourages a balance between function and preservation, accommodating the needs of property
  • Indiana Archaeology

    Indiana Archaeology

    INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 5 Number 2 2010/2011 Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Indiana Department of Natural Resources Robert E. Carter, Jr., Director and State Historic Preservation Officer Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) James A. Glass, Ph.D., Director and Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer DHPA Archaeology Staff James R. Jones III, Ph.D., State Archaeologist Amy L. Johnson Cathy L. Draeger-Williams Cathy A. Carson Wade T. Tharp Editors James R. Jones III, Ph.D., State Archaeologist Amy L. Johnson, Senior Archaeologist and Archaeology Outreach Coordinator Cathy A. Carson, Records Check Coordinator Publication Layout: Amy L. Johnson Additional acknowledgments: The editors wish to thank the authors of the submitted articles, as well as all of those who participated in, and contributed to, the archaeological projects which are highlighted. Cover design: The images which are featured on the cover are from several of the individual articles included in this journal. Mission Statement: The Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology promotes the conservation of Indiana’s cultural resources through public education efforts, financial incentives including several grant and tax credit programs, and the administration of state and federally mandated legislation. 2 For further information contact: Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology 402 W. Washington Street, Room W274 Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2739 Phone: 317/232-1646 Email: [email protected] www.IN.gov/dnr/historic 2010/2011 3 Indiana Archaeology Volume 5 Number 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Authors of articles were responsible for ensuring that proper permission for the use of any images in their articles was obtained.
  • Native Sons and Daughters Program Manual

    Native Sons and Daughters Program Manual

    NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS PROGRAMS® PROGRAM MANUAL National Longhouse, Ltd. National Longhouse, Ltd. 4141 Rockside Road Suite 150 Independence, OH 44131-2594 Copyright © 2007, 2014 National Longhouse, Ltd. All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, now known or hereafter invented, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, xerography, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of National Longhouse, Ltd. Printed in the United States of America EDITORS: Edition 1 - Barry Yamaji National Longhouse, Native Sons And Daughters Programs, Native Dads And Sons, Native Moms And Sons, Native Moms And Daughters are registered trademarks of National Longhouse, Ltd. Native Dads And Daughters, Native Sons And Daughters, NS&D Pathfinders are servicemarks of National Longhouse TABLE of CONTENTS FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Why NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS® Programs? 2 What Are NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS® Programs? 4 Program Format History 4 Program Overview 10 CHAPTER 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES 15 Organizational Levels 16 Administrative Levels 17 National Longhouse, Ltd. 18 Regional Advisory Lodge 21 Local Longhouse 22 Nations 24 Tribes 25 CHAPTER 3: THE TRIBE 29 Preparing for a Tribe Meeting 30 Tribe Meetings 32 iii Table of Contents A Sample Tribe Meeting Procedure 34 Sample Closing Prayers 36 Tips for a Successful Meeting 37 The Parents' Meeting 38 CHAPTER 4: AWARDS, PATCHES, PROGRAM
  • Cultural Resources Overview Desert Peaks Complex of the Organ Mountains – Desert Peaks National Monument Doña Ana County, New Mexico

    Cultural Resources Overview Desert Peaks Complex of the Organ Mountains – Desert Peaks National Monument Doña Ana County, New Mexico

    Cultural Resources Overview Desert Peaks Complex of the Organ Mountains – Desert Peaks National Monument Doña Ana County, New Mexico Myles R. Miller, Lawrence L. Loendorf, Tim Graves, Mark Sechrist, Mark Willis, and Margaret Berrier Report submitted to the Wilderness Society Sacred Sites Research, Inc. July 18, 2017 Public Version This version of the Cultural Resources overview is intended for public distribution. Sensitive information on site locations, including maps and geographic coordinates, has been removed in accordance with State and Federal antiquities regulations. Executive Summary Since the passage of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in 1966, at least 50 cultural resource surveys or reviews have been conducted within the boundaries of the Desert Peaks Complex. These surveys were conducted under Sections 106 and 110 of the NHPA. More recently, local avocational archaeologists and supporters of the Organ Monument-Desert Peaks National Monument have recorded several significant rock art sites along Broad and Valles canyons. A review of site records on file at the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division and consultations with regional archaeologists compiled information on over 160 prehistoric and historic archaeological sites in the Desert Peaks Complex. Hundreds of additional sites have yet to be discovered and recorded throughout the complex. The known sites represent over 13,000 years of prehistory and history, from the first New World hunters who gazed at the nighttime stars to modern astronomers who studied the same stars while peering through telescopes on Magdalena Peak. Prehistoric sites in the complex include ancient hunting and gathering sites, earth oven pits where agave and yucca were baked for food and fermented mescal, pithouse and pueblo villages occupied by early farmers of the Southwest, quarry sites where materials for stone tools were obtained, and caves and shrines used for rituals and ceremonies.
  • Science and Nature in the Blue Ridge Region

    Science and Nature in the Blue Ridge Region

    7-STATE MOUNTAIN TRAVEL GUIDE hether altered, restored or un- touched by humanity, the story of the Blue Ridge region told by nature and science is singularly inspiring. Let’s listen as she tells Wus her past, present and future. ELKINS-RANDOLPH COUNTY TOURISM CVB ) West Virginia New River Gorge Let’s begin our journey on the continent’s oldest river, surrounded by 1,000-foot cliffs. Carving its way through all the geographic provinces in the Appalachian Mountains, this 53-mile-long north-flowing river is flanked by rocky outcrops and sandstone cliffs. Immerse your senses in the sights, sounds, fragrances and power of the Science and inNature the Blue Ridge Region flow at Sandstone Falls. View the gorge “from the sky” with a catwalk stroll 876 feet up on the western hemisphere’s longest steel arch bridge. C’mon along as we explore the southern Appalachians in search of ginormous geology and geography, nps.gov/neri fascinating flora and fauna. ABOVE: See a bird’s-eye view from the bridge By ANGELA MINOR spanning West Virginia’s New River Gorge. LEFT: Learn ecosystem restoration at Mower Tract. MAIN IMAGE: View 90° razorback ridges at Seneca Rocks. ABOVE: Bluets along the trail are a welcome to springtime. LEFT: Nequi dolorumquis debis dolut ea pres il estrum et Um eicil iume ea dolupta nonectaquo conecus, ulpa pre 34 BLUERIDGECOUNTRY.COM JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 35 ELKINS-RANDOLPH COUNTY TOURISM CVB Mower Tract acres and hosts seven Wilderness areas. MUCH MORE TO SEE IN VIRGINIA… Within the Monongahela National fs.usda.gov/mnf ) Natural Chimneys Park and Camp- locale that includes 10 miles of trails, Forest, visit the site of ongoing high- ground, Mt.