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CC 8 2015 CC 3 2012-Corectat.Qxd ISSN 1220 -6350 ISSN 1220 -6350 9 771220 635006 9 771220 635006 Nr. 8 ( 35 34) / 201 Mihaela BURUGĂ secretariat de re d acţie CUPRINS 8/2015 FRAGMENTE CRITICE Eugen SIMION: Tăcutul Srba Ignjatović şi „clocotrismul” lui intelectual The Silent Srba Ignjatović and His Intellectual “Klokotrizam”. 3 A GÂNDI EUROPA Gilles BARDY: Histoire et littérature, entre abus et retrait. Où est la voie ? Istoria și literatura între abuz și retragere. Care este drumul cel bun? . 8 COMENTARII Cristian BĂLĂNEAN: Interferenţe între antropologia tomistă şi concepţia lui Mircea Eliade despre Homo religiosus Interferences between the Thomistic Anthropology and Mircea Eliade’s Concept of Homo religiosus. 15 Vasile BOȘTIOG: Funcţia simbolismului religios la Mircea Eliade The Function of the Religious Symbolism in Mircea Eliade’s Views . 33 Marcel COZMUȚĂ: Generaţia criterionistă și Arșavir Acterian The Criterionist Generation and Arșavir Acterian. 55 ANIVERSĂRI Tudor NEDELCEA: Un nume (şi) pentru posteritate: Tudor Gheorghe A Name for Posterity (too): Tudor Gheorghe . 61 RELIGIE ŞI SOCIETATE Octavean­Radu IVAN: I valacchi ed il Concilio di Ferrara ­ Firenze (1438­1439) Valahii și Conciliul de la Ferrara ­ Florenţa (1438­1439). 65 Alin SESERMAN: Țărănismul și democraţia rurală The Romanian Peasantism and the Rural Democracy . 75 1 Ilustrăm acest număr cu lucrări ale pictorului flamand Jan Brueghel cel Bătrân (1568­1625) Acest numãr a apărut cu sprijinul Primăriei Sector 2 ­ Bucureşti, primar Neculai Onţanu 2 Fragmente critice Eugen SIMION Tăcutul Srba Ignjatović şi „clocotrismul” lui intelectual Abstract Acest articol este un portret al unui îndrăgit poet, scriitor și critic literar din Serbia: Srba Ignjatović. Poetul este foarte apreciat pentru modul său specific în care își notează inspiraţia de moment și o lasă mai departe cititorului spre interpretare, cerându­i astfel să participe la actul creator. Direcţia lui intelectuală se înscrie în „clocotrism”. Cuvinte­cheie: Srba Ignjatović, Adam Puslojić, clocotrism, poezia sârbă. This article is a portrait of a beloved poet, writer and literary critic in Serbia, Srba Ignjatović. The poet is highly appreciated for his way of writing his flash of inspiration and leaving it to the reader to give it a sense. Thus he requires the reader to participate. His intellectual direction ranges among “klokotrizams”. Keywords: Srba Ignjatović, Adam Puslojić, clocotrism, Serbian poetry. Am scris cu două decenii în urmă un mic Belgrad pentru a participa la o ceremonie eseu, intitulat Tăcutul Srba Ignjatović şi agita­ universitară, tocmai mă instalasem. M­a tul Adam Puslojić, despre două personaje întâmpinat, în hol, Adam Puslojić, prietenul care fac parte din spaţiul nostru cultural şi, legendar al lui Nichita Stănescu şi Marin ca indivizi, fac parte şi din peisajul meu Sorescu, însoţit de un bărbat trapu, cu capul afectiv. Pe unul dintre ei, şi anume pe Adam rotund, cu faţa severă, ceremonioasă, de îmi Puslojić, îl văd des, adică ori de câte ori se amintesc bine, şi cu o privire uşor mefientă. hotărăşte să părăsească Belgradul sau O privire, aş spune azi, când vreau să­i fac Kobišnica lui natală din Valea Timocului şi un portret mai aproape de adevărul fiinţei să urce spre Bucureşti sau spre un alt oraş lui, în aşteptare sau care aşteaptă ceva: o des­ românesc (şi acest fapt se întâmplă cam de luşire, o elucidare, un număr de semne pen­ zece ori pe an), pe celălalt – poetul şi eseis­ tru a lua o decizie în privinţa individului tul Srba Ignjatović – îl văd rar, de câte ori care­i stă în faţă... Era, am aflat de la socia­ ajung la Belgrad sau când irezistibilul, agi­ bilul, volubilul Adam Puslojić, Srba tatul, animatorul sârbo­român Adam Ignjatović, prietenul său de suflet, fratele său Puslojić reuşeşte să­l disloce din Belgrad, iubit şi stimat, mare critic şi poet nemaipomenit unde are multe de făcut, şi să­l aducă la – îl prezenta el, umflând propoziţiile şi aglo­ colocviile şi festivalurile noastre literare. merând superlativele în stil nichitian. Am scris acel eseu după ce observasem Cunoşteam stilul, cunoşteam retorica plină următoarea scenă, în hotelul în care, sosit la de farmec şi de elocvenţă balcanică a inega­ Eugen SIMION, Academia Română, preşedintele Secţiei de Filologie şi Literatură, directorul Institutului de Istorie şi Teorie Literară „G. Călinescu”; Romanian Academy, President of the Philology and Literature Section, Director of The „G. Călinescu” Institute for Literary History and Theory, e­mail: [email protected]. 3 Eugen Simion labilului Adam Puslojić, ultimul boem din mă aşteaptă o zi plină de evenimente la viaţa literară sud­est­europeană, cum l­am Universitatea din Belgrad, m­am retras în numit, odată, cu simpatie şi chiar cu admi­ jurul orei 23, cu toate protestele amicului raţie. Boema din Bucureşti a dispărut odată Adam Puslojić. Văd şi acum scena acestui cu Nichita Stănescu, Ion Băieşu, Nicolae abandon antipatic: de pe scara pe care Velea şi Fănuş Neagu. Ea este continuată, urcam spre cameră, întorc ochii spre masa gândeam atunci şi gândesc la fel şi azi (sper pe care o părăsisem şi observ pe Adam că nu mă înşel), în culori şi ritmuri nichitie­ Puslojić care explica, cu mare vervă, ceva ne de prietenii de la Belgrad... desigur esenţial prietenului Srba Ignjatović, Revenind la scena de la Belgrad: am care sta în faţa sa, resemnat, şi asculta totul petrecut o seară minunată cu Adam Puslojić cu o tăcere desăvârşită şi elocventă. O tăcere şi cu prietenul său, Srba Ignjatović, care – de început de veac, mi­a venit să spun în potrivit obiceiurilor noastre – a devenit gând, sau o tăcere semnificativă, grăitoare... repede şi prietenul meu. Cel puţin aşa a Cu această imagine am părăsit scena şi mi­ decis Adam Puslojić care, de­i intuiesc am văzut de ale mele, ca omul străin care corect firea, iubeşte totul pe lume în afară de are grijile şi habitudinile lui. M­am trezit a solitudine... O seară, zic, minunată, cu mân­ doua zi devreme şi, când am coborât la căruri fine, sârbeşti, şi poveşti fabuloase, micul dejun, cel dintâi lucru pe care l­am animate, susţinute de băuturi corespunză­ observat în sala aproape goală la acea oră toare. Cum sunt, totuşi, un individ cu reguli matinală a fost faptul că Adam Puslojić şi de viaţă mai stricte şi cu gândul că a doua zi Srba Ignjatović stăteau la aceeaşi masă şi în 4 Tăcutul Srba Ignjatović şi „clocotrismul” lui intelectual aceleași poziţii și că Adam Puslojić, foarte te, impresioniste, mici reflecţii de lectură animat, explica desigur ceva foarte impor­ sau desene fine, în peniţă, fotografii de tant, ceva esenţial despre lume şi poezie, scene simbolice, cum ar fi aceea ce înfăţişea­ prietenului său Srba Ignjatović, care, ca şi ză un lup uriaş ce coboară din copilărie în seara trecută, se cufundase într­o tăcere peisajul dezolant al unei lumi pustii. Lupul minerală... Am înţeles, după câteva clipe, că este un personaj­simbol ce apare des în poe­ ei nu întrerupseseră, toată noaptea, acest mele lui Vasko Popa, chiar foarte des, şi dialog şi, din fidelitate şi din bucuria petre­ dacă se repetă înseamnă că semnifică ceva, cerii cu vorbele, nu părăsiseră spaţiul pe un mit pe care nu­l cunosc. Mitul lupului care l­am descris mai înainte. M­am mirat, reapare, acum, în versurile lui Srba în sinea mea, de această întâmplare, dar Ignjatović, pe un câmp îngheţat, privind n­am făcut, atunci, niciun comentariu. sceptic apele Timocului. O fantasmă a copi­ Întors acasă, am notat câteva fraze despre lăriei, o spaimă pe care raţiunea n­a reuşit s­ tăcutul Srba şi agitatul Adam, mulţumindu­ o elimine? În alt loc, Srba Ignjatović desenea­ mă să comentez, în continuare, poezia lui ză frigul şi fixează, în poem, culorile sure ale Adam Puslojić, care tocmai publicase o ceţii de pe Sava, într­un desen în cărbune: carte scrisă direct în limba română. „Se răsfiră ceaţa pe sub fereastră,/ râul Sava Încerc, acum, după mult timp, să­i com­ îşi goneşte turma îngheţată­n/ Dunăre./ pletez portretul celui de al doilea personaj Funinginea şi fumul, pe dibuite,/ aşează pe din scena belgrădeană. Cel care, prin tăce­ sticlă mesaje negre.// De cât timp nu am mai rea lui filosofică, stimula, îmi închipui, fer­ visat/ vinul sfinţit din cănile noastre,/ tribul voarea rostirii amicului său, neobositul din popor, uleiul din vas?/ Urmează ultima Adam Puslojić... Cum nu l­am întâlnit de oră!// Se risipeşte ceaţa pe sub fereastră,/ mult timp pe poetul Srba Ignjatović, pentru funinginea roade vapoarele puse la iernat./ a observa dacă şi­a schimbat înfăţişarea și Plumbul din mine devine argint:/ toate obiceiurile, caut să aflu ceva despre el, citin­ lucrurile îşi caută un nou calapod.” Poemele du­i poemele traduse de Adam Puslojić şi lui sunt, în fapt, nişte delicate acuarele, Răzvan Voncu şi ilustrate de doi artişti abandonate înainte de a pune ultima pată reputaţi în culturile lor: Miloš Šobojić şi de culoare. Voluntar, programatic neînche­ Mircia Dumitrescu. Cine este, mai precis, iate. Spun aceasta, pentru că micile poeme scriitorul Srba Ignjatović şi care este opera se încheie, de regulă, brusc, fără morală la lui poetică şi critică ne spune într­o notă bio­ urmă. Morala s­o tragă cititorul, sfârşitul să­ bibliografică Răzvan Voncu. O operă boga­ l scrie el, lectorul, al treilea element în ecua­ tă: a publicat până acum 16 volume de criti­ ţia scriiturii poetice. Cel dintâi este scriptorul că şi eseistică literară şi aproximativ zece (cel care scrie, poetul ca atare, cu eul său bio­ cărţi de poezie. Este şi un editor căutat, sti­ grafic şi eul său profund, după disocierea mat, conduce o revistă de critică şi filozofie făcută de Proust şi fundamentată, apoi, teo­ (Sovremennik). Srba Ignjatović e, pe scurt, o retic, de Paul Valéry), vine în continuare personalitate a lumii literare sârbe şi are cu scriitura (textul, discursul poetic) şi, în fine, românii o relaţie de iubire spirituală.
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