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Romanian Political Science Review Vol. XXI, No. 1 2021

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Romanian Political Science Review Vol. XXI, No. 1 2021 Romanian Political Science Review vol. XXI, no. 1 2021 The end of the Cold War, and the extinction of communism both as an ideology and a practice of government, not only have made possible an unparalleled experiment in building a democratic order in Central and Eastern Europe, but have opened up a most extraordinary intellectual opportunity: to understand, compare and eventually appraise what had previously been neither understandable nor comparable. Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review was established in the realization that the problems and concerns of both new and old democracies are beginning to converge. The journal fosters the work of the first generations of Romanian political scientists permeated by a sense of critical engagement with European and American intellectual and political traditions that inspired and explained the modern notions of democracy, pluralism, political liberty, individual freedom, and civil rights. Believing that ideas do matter, the Editors share a common commitment as intellectuals and scholars to try to shed light on the major political problems facing Romania, a country that has recently undergone unprecedented political and social changes. They think of Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review as a challenge and a mandate to be involved in scholarly issues of fundamental importance, related not only to the democratization of Romanian polity and politics, to the “great transformation” that is taking place in Central and Eastern Europe, but also to the make-over of the assumptions and prospects of their discipline. They hope to be joined in by those scholars in other countries who feel that the demise of communism calls for a new political science able to reassess the very foundations of democratic ideals and procedures. UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE vol. XXI, no. 1 2021 2021 STUDIA POLITICA (ISSN 1582-4551) Romanian Political Science Review is published twice a year by the Faculty of Political Science at the University of Bucharest and is printed and mailed by Bucharest University Press International Advisory Board Mauro CALISE (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II) Dominique COLAS (Sciences Po Paris) Jean-Michel DE WAELE (Université Libre de Bruxelles) Jean-Michel EYMERI-DOUZANS (Sciences Po Toulouse) Raffaella GHERARDI (Università degli Studi di Bologna), Guy HERMET (Sciences Po Paris) Marc LAZAR (Sciences Po Paris), Ronald H. LINDEN (University of Pittsburgh) Pierre MANENT (EHESS Paris), Leonardo MORLINO (LUISS “Guido Carli” di Roma) Gianfranco PASQUINO (Johns Hopkins University) Cristian PREDA (Universitatea din Bucureşti), Antoine ROGER (Sciences Po Bordeaux) Marco TARCHI (Università degli Studi di Firenze) Editor Caterina PREDA (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Alexandra IANCU (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Assistant editors Ramona COMAN (Université de Bruxelles) Ruxandra IVAN (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Sergiu MIȘCOIU (Universitatea Babes-Bolyai) Marina POPESCU (Median Research Center) Sorina SOARE (Universitá di Firenze) Andreea ZAMFIRA (Universitatea Lucian Blaga din Sibiu) Editorial Assistants Alexandra OPREA (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Vladimir COSTEA (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Maria-Anca SANDU (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Claudia Craciun CHIVEREANU (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Editorial Staff Laurenţiu MUŞOIU (Editura Universității din București) (Desktop Publisher Manuscript & Cover Graphic) © Facultatea de Ştiinţe Politice, Universitatea din Bucureşti Revistă înregistrată în BDI Contents ARTICULI BIBIANA BAJZOVÁ (Comenius University in Bratislava), LUCIA MOKRÁ (Comenius University in Bratislava), Who Really Cares about Outer Space? Principal–agent Theory and the Sustainability of Outer Space Regulation ........................... 11 LUKÁŠ NOVOTNÝ (Jan Evangelista Purkyně University), DANIEL ŠÁROVEC (Charles University), Contemporary Pirate Parties in the Post-Material Era: Comparing Success Cases ................................................................................... 29 PASQUALE CERBONE (Universidad UTE), MARIA PEREIRA LOPEZ (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), PALOMA CASTRO MARTINEZ (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), Post-populism: a comparative analysis of the last Ecuadorian and Venezuelan presidencies of Lenín Moreno and Nicolás Maduro ..... 53 PATRYK TOMASZEWSKI (Nicolaus Copernicus University), A Comparative Discursive Analysis of the Polish Foreign Ministers’ Speeches Regarding Poland’s Security Policy and Its Cooperation with Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, and the Russian Federation in the Period 2011-2019 .................................. 79 RENA MARUTIAN (National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine), OLEKSII POLTORAKOV (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv), JOHN CALLAHAN (New England College), “The Tanks of Post-truth:” Post-truth Hybrid Warfare Operations ......... 101 MARINA V. FALVO (University of Córdoba), The Structuring of State Political Opportunities Towards-and-from Capital and Labor. An Analytical Proposal .................................... 121 BRUNILDA ZENELAGA (University of Tirana), KLODIANA BESHKU (University of Tirana), Volunteering and Political Systems: The Role of State and Civil Society Organizations in People’s Willingness to Volunteer in Post-communist Albania .................................................................. 151 RECENT ELECTIONS Section coordinated by Marina Popescu and Sorina Soare, together with Centro Italiano Studi Electorali. ANDRIJA HENJAK (Faculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb), RALUCA TOMA (MRC - Median Research Centre, Bucharest), The 2020 Croatian parliamentary elections ................................. 178 MATTIA COLLINI (University of Florence), The Hungarian Local Elections of 2019: Unity Makes Strength .. 193 GÁBOR TÓKA (Central European University, Budapest), The 2020 Belarusian Presidential Election ................................... 211 RECENSIONES LARRY DIAMOND, Ill Winds: Saving Democracy from Russian Rage, Chinese Ambition, and American Complacency, New York, Penguin Press, 2019 (BOGDAN MUREȘAN, University of Bucharest) ............................... 233 ROBERT ADAM, Două veacuri de populism românesc [Two Centuries of Romanian Populism], Bucharest, Humanitas, 2018 (ANDREI GHEORGHE, University of Bucharest) .............................................. 237 BOGDAN-IULIAN RANTEȘ, Relațiile României cu state din Africa Ecuatorială și de Vest (1960-1974) [The Relations between Romania and States from Equatorial and Western Africa (1960-1974)], Târgoviște, Cetatea de Scaun, 2017 (DOMNICA GOROVEI, University of Bucharest) ........... 241 H. R. MCMASTER, Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World, New York, Harper Collins Publishers, 2020 (ROBERT MANEA, University of Bucharest) .................................................................. 245 ABSTRACTS ............................................................................................ 249 AUTORES ................................................................................................. 255 ARTICULI Who Really Cares about Outer Space? Principal-agent Theory and the Sustainability of Outer Space Regulation BIBIANA BAJZOVÁ* (Comenius University) LUCIA MOKRÁ** (Comenius University) Abstract States are primary actors in international law. The development of international relations after the Second World War and the founding of the United Nations increased the power of international organizations (IOs) in the international sphere. The distribution of competences between states and IOs is tackled in the framework of principal–agent theory, which holds that sovereign states are principals, and IOs are agents acting on the state’s behalf. In terms of international law and international relations, the key international legislation regulating outer space is the Outer Space Treaty (OST). The OST contains the most important principles and guidance relating to activities in outer space. According to the OST, states coordinate their interests, whereas IOs operate in the common good and outer space is in the common ownership of all mankind.1 The IOs’ mandate is defined in a wide-ranging and vague manner in the OST and even in practice there is no clear distinction between the competences of these two original actors and private actors – a new actor operating in outer space. The presence of another actor in outer space raises the question of whether the current regulation of outer space in international law, primarily the Outer Space Treaty, is sufficient in terms of sustainability and the capabilities of the various actors involved – states, IOs and private actors. This paper focuses on the application of principal–agent theory to outer space governance in the present day in light of this new actor and the division of competences and responsibility. Keywords: outer space, principal–agent, actors, private interest, collective ownership. * Bibiana Bajzová is a PhD student at the Institute of European Studies and International Relations, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava ([email protected]). ** Lucia Mokrá, PhD, is the Dean of Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences. She is Associate Professor of International and European Union Law at the Institute of European Studies and International Relations ([email protected]). 1 The Preamble of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and
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