Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Strategy for Wales

Number: WG41697

Welsh Government Consultation Document

Electric Vehicle (EV) charging strategy for Wales

Facilitating the transition to net-zero

Date of issue: 2 December 2020 Action required: Responses by 24 February 2021

Mae’r ddogfen yma hefyd ar gael yn Gymraeg. This document is also available in Welsh.

© Crown Copyright Overview This consultation seeks your views on the draft strategy for electric vehicle charging in Wales. The strategy sets out where we are now in Wales providing charging for cars and vans, our charging needs for the decade, and how these can be met.

How to respond The closing date for responses is 24 February 2021.

You can respond in any of the following ways:

Email:

Please complete the consultation form and send it to: [email protected]

Post:

Please complete the consultation response form and send it to:

EV Charging consultation Welsh Government Cathays Park Cardiff CF10 3NQ

Further information Large print, Braille and alternative language and related versions of this document are available on documents request.

Contact details For further information:

EV Charging consultation Welsh Government Cathays Park Cardiff CF10 3NQ

email: [email protected]

telephone: 03000 250 615 Also available in https://llyw.cymru/strategaeth-gwefru-cerbydau-trydan Welsh at: Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales

Facilitating the Transition to Net Zero

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 1 Contents

Foreword 3 1. Executive Summary 4 2. Vision and Scope 6 3. Background and Context 7 4. Current Charging Infrastructure in Wales 13 5. Future Charging Needs of Wales 20 6. Future Resilience and Drivers of Changes 31 7. Summary and Key Outcomes 34 8. Actions 35

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 2 Croeso From the Minister

This strategy sets out our We want to increase the use The strategy is intended to support vision for electric vehicle of public transport in Wales the public, private and third sector, charging in Wales. and encourage more cycling as well as individuals, providing and walking but we also a common framework for We are at the early stages of recognise that electric vehicles understanding and collaboration. a transport revolution that will will play an important part Following consultation, the see the phasing out of petrol in the future of transport. strategy will be accompanied and diesel cars and vans. This is by an Action Plan to track and essential if we are to meet Electric vehicles will bring benefits to manage delivery, which will be our aspiration to end Wales’ consumers, in lower running costs monitored and reviewed annually. Ken Skates MS contribution to climate change and the ability to charge at a variety Minister for Economy, by 2050, and if we are to of locations but we recognise that Whilst the Covid-19 pandemic is Transport and North Wales improve the quality of the providing charging facilities to meet challenging our economy and way air that we breathe. the needs of electric vehicle users of living, it has raised awareness will be a big challenge. There are of the potential to accelerate the This year we are also consulting clear commercial opportunities to decarbonisation of transport and on a new Wales Transport Strategy meet this demand but we will also wider systems to support the setting out my long term vision for need to invest in order to deliver transition to net zero. Planning for an efficient transport system that our vision of a network of electric the transition to electric vehicles makes a positive contribution to vehicle charging that enables is an important part of this. the economy, to social justice and consumers to confidently switch to our health and well-being, in a from combustion to electric cars In sharing this draft strategy, we way that reduces carbon emissions and vans. We are proposing to would like to hear from you to and the impact of transport on invest £30 million over the next five shape the charging infrastructure our environment. years to help deliver this vision. system you need across Wales

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 3 1. Executive Summary

Welsh Government made a It is based on the following vision: so that users are confident to are unable to charge at home. climate emergency declaration make the switch to electric Fast charging is installed at many in April 2019. Early next year A Vision for Charging in Wales vehicles. This strategy includes different types of locations we will ask the Senedd to By 2025, all users of electric cars the UK Government-led initiatives (workplaces, supermarkets, update Wales’s statutory and vans in Wales are confident that apply in Wales, and where on-street, destinations etc.) and emissions reduction pathway Wales can go further to meet will be increasingly important for that they can access electric to 2050, following Climate our unique and localised needs. all users of electric cars and vans, vehicle charging infrastructure Change Committee advice particularly those unable to charge in December. The transport when and where they need it. Where users can charge cars at home. Welsh socio-economic and vans at home (with access sector, as one of the largest Whilst Wales currently has one of data has been used to predict that contributor to greenhouse to off-street parking), this offers we need 30,000 to 50,000 fast the lower levels of electric vehicle the most convenient and cost- gas emissions in Wales, has a ownership in the United Kingdom, chargers to be available in Wales significant role to play. effective charging solution. Home over the next ten years. We plan this strategy aims to increase public charging presents great potential confidence in the availability of to introduce measures that will Welsh Government recognise that in Wales, where many homes provide high quality fast charging charging infrastructure which will have access to off-street parking. this strategy represents the first facilitate increased ownership. to meet this need, through step for Wales to take targeted We will introduce requirements partnerships and collaboration. Engagement with existing and for new homes to have charging action to deliver a vision for prospective electric vehicle users electric vehicle charging that meets facilities installed through changes Rapid charging will also be in Wales has shown that an to Building Regulations as well important, especially for long Wales’ unique requirements. This overall lack of charging facilities strategy sets out where we are as promoting the wider support distance journeys. We will need and issues with the quality of available for those wanting to up to 3,500 rapid chargers to now in providing charging for the charging experience have cars and vans across Wales, our install charging at home. be installed by 2030. Welsh been key issues. We can work Government has started to work charging needs for the decade, together to implement more and how these can be met. In order to promote equitable with Transport for Wales to bring charging and a better charging access to charging we need to forward rapid charging on the experience across the country, go further to support those who strategic trunk road network.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 4 Based on policy context, existing • Whilst the supply of power is sale of hybrid cars that can drive for economic and employment and future charging needs the responsibility of electricity a significant distance without opportunities to be captured and engagement with users network owners and is emitting carbon until 2035. in Wales. It is a key aspiration and stakeholders, this strategy regulated by UK Government This announcement will not to develop a framework that has identified the following and Ofgem, we will work significantly alter the predictions captures as much economic activity key conclusions to be taken within the current regulatory for charging needs referenced in as possible from the provision, forward to action planning: framework with these this document but we will review operation and maintenance • The need for a substantial stakeholders to plan for the the modelling in advance of the of these facilities within the increase in the number of decarbonised grid network publication of the final strategy. Welsh and local economy. slow, fast and rapid/ultra-rapid (including heat, renewable electricity generation and Section 8 provides the basis for Delivering the aims of this chargers available in Wales. an action plan to accompany strategy will require significant Meeting the need for up to transport) so that the needs of charging will be met in a the strategy which, following levels of investment. There are 50,000 fast chargers in Wales, feedback from consultation, clear commercial opportunities in alongside home charging will be way that is efficient for network management incorporating will be further developed to electric vehicle charging but we a key area of focus to promote track and manage delivery. recognise that targeted investment equality of access to charging. smart technology and being ready to capture the Welsh Government recognises by government in areas where • The need for better quality benefits of vehicle to grid. its enabling role in delivering this provision is not up to standard will charging, to improve charging infrastructure through be necessary. Welsh Government the user experience for The modelling for predicting the use of regulatory and planning is proposing to invest in the electric cars and vans. charging needs set out in this levers, as well as land use planning region of £30m over the next • Sustainable, integrated and document is based on the guidance, use of public land and five year period on electric vehicle cross-sectoral planning will adoption of fully electric private resources, funding, and targeted charging to make this strategy facilitate the decarbonisation vehicles from the ‘Leading the support programmes. Targeted happen. Technological change of energy and transport, Way’ Future Energy Scenario and action planning will be undertaken will influence the shape of electric and create co-benefits. a ban on the sale of diesel and to meet the rapidly growing need vehicle charging infrastructure in Welsh Government petrol cars and van (and hybrids) for charging to ensure that a the future, including improvements can create favourable from 2032. In November 2020 lack of electric vehicle charging in battery technology, micro- conditions for economic and the UK Government’s announced infrastructure does not become a mobility, autonomous vehicles employment opportunities that the UK will end the sale of barrier to transitioning to electric and hydrogen. These aspects to be captured in Wales. new petrol and diesel cars and cars and vans. Welsh Government will be kept under review as part vans by 2030, but also allow the can create favourable conditions of ongoing action planning.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 5 2. Vision and Scope

There is an immediate need Vision vision for 2025. This strategy The future of electric charging will for more charging and better focusses on cars and vans used also need to consider the impact charging infrastructure to by private individuals, businesses of market changes including the A Vision for Charging in Wales facilitate consumer confidence and taxis to meet predicted need necessary transition of freight, in making the switch to By 2025, all users of electric of users with the most immediate public transport and more electric vehicles. cars and vans in Wales are and measurable need. As the integrated multi-modal transport confident that they can access forthcoming ban on the sale of systems. Other technologies The following vision will help electric vehicle charging petrol and diesel cars and vans (such as hydrogen) will in future stakeholders plan for charging infrastructure when and where by 2035 also applies to hybrid have a role to play alongside infrastructure and their role in they need it. vehicles, this strategy focusses on electrification. The longer term and delivering or accessing it. Whilst supporting the charging needs bespoke charging needs of other charging infrastructure can be of cars and vans that are entirely vehicle types means that further delivered by a variety of means, Scope electric. In the short term, better planning will be required. Whilst government has an enabling role. charging provision will also enable these aspects are outside of the Setting the vision is the first step. hybrid vehicles to charge. There is scope of this strategy, commentary This strategy sets out current potential for the date by which is provided in Section 6 in provision of charging in Wales, the sale of combustion cars and order to provide context. the number of chargers, types of vans will end to be brought Welsh Government is consulting chargers and standards of charging forward to earlier than 2035, more widely on planning for the required over the next ten years, subject to consultation. This is decarbonisation of transport, and the future changes that further discussed in Section 5 of and continue to monitor additional should be considered. The strategy the strategy, and the implications implications that this may have covers the period until 2030, of an earlier date (in line with on electric vehicle charging. yet we recognise the urgency the Committee on Climate of taking action now to put us Change recommendations) on the right path by setting the has been considered.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 6 3. Background and Context

Wales legislation, Planning Policy Wales (2018) • Increase the uptake of In October 2019, the Welsh policy and plans states that we should ensure our electric vehicles (including Parliament Economy, Infrastructure transportation infrastructure is battery electric vehicles, and Skills Committee inquiry adaptable to future advances in hybrids and plug-in hybrid) heard that urgent action is The Environment (Wales) innovation (e.g. electric vehicles) and promote active travel; required in order for Wales to Act 2016 established an 80% and that we should ensure • Reduce the carbon footprint lead in making our transport emissions reduction target for progress is made towards a systems greener and cleaner. 2050, while regulations passed of buses, taxis and private shift to low or zero emission hire vehicle fleets to zero in December 2018 set interim means of road transport. The next Low Carbon Delivery targets for 2020, 2030 and 2040, emissions by 2028; Plan is expected to be published as well as the first two carbon In March 2019, the Welsh • Explore the possibility for all in 2021, setting out more budgets (2016-20 and 2021-25). Government published “Prosperity new cars and light goods detail on the pathways and Ministers have since declared for All: A Low Carbon Wales”1 vehicles in the public sector delivery of carbon budgets. a climate emergency and have where it sets out how Wales aims fleet in Wales to be ultra-low committed to strengthening to meet its carbon targets. This emission by 2025, and where The Wales Transport Strategy sets Wales’s targets early next includes proposals to address practicably possible, all new the framework for decarbonisation year. The transport sector, as the adoption of electric vehicles heavy goods vehicles are of the transport sector as a whole. one of the largest contributor and the required charging ultra-low emission by; and This strategy has been created to greenhouse gas emissions, to sit within the context of the infrastructure. The policies aim to: • Invest in public charging has a significant part to play Wales Transport Strategy as a infrastructure to at least meet in achieving net zero. specialist and priority topic area, the demand created by 60% where urgent action and of new sales for cars and vans cross-sectoral integration being electric vehicles by 2030. (across the energy and transport sectors in particular) is required.

1 Welsh Government (2019). “Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales”.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 7 UK Legislation, A public-private sector Emerging projects and plans led Charging infrastructure policy and plans organisation, the Low Carbon by the Department for Transport, Vehicle Partnership was established alongside recommendations of the Electric vehicle users have a in 2003, to accelerate the shift Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership, range of options as to where, The Department for Transport to low carbon vehicles. Their provide a framework for the how and when to charge their is developing a Transport most recent review in 2020, public sector to take action on cars. The patterns that users Decarbonisation Plan, which will identified three urgent priorities: facilitating the provision of adopt (known as ‘charging set out actions for government, electric vehicle charging which behaviours’) vary according to business and society to deliver the 1. “The urgency of developing are largely applicable to England. personal circumstances and significant emissions reduction standards and codes The Automated and Electric need, with the key influencing needed across transport. The need of practice to enable Vehicles Act 2018 provides factors when users have a choice to support electrification, interoperability and the the UK Government powers alongside other measures including being the time it takes to charge, sharing of data within the to introduce further measures demand reduction, is clear. convenience and the cost. electric vehicle sector and to regulate and shape future charging provision. The actions The UK Government and the with the electricity system. Charging at home, where listed in Section 8 of this strategy Department for Transport has available, is typically the cheapest adopts and expand upon the started investing in electric vehicle 2. The need for effective local and most convenient form of principles being established in charging infrastructure, across a and national planning and charging (known as ‘slow’ or order to promote coherence and number of planned programmes. coordination to enable ‘trickle’ charging). Not all users a user experience that meets The Department for Transport’s efficient investment, have access to charging at home, (and where appropriate exceeds) ‘Project Rapid’ is planning to mediating the balance as this is difficult without a standards being set across the UK, facilitate charging at Motorway between future-proofing driveway. Most users will require as well as meeting the additional Service Areas, including along charging away from home at and asset stranding. unique requirements for Wales. the M4 in South Wales. The UK some point, especially on long Office for Low Emissions Vehicles 3. The criticality of smart charging; journeys. Away from home, the administer grant funding schemes underpinned by a resilient type of charging most suitable for home charging, workplace network and clear market depends on the length of time charging and on-street charging, signals, to reduce the cost a user may stay at that location. as detailed in Section 4. of supplying millions of EVs”.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 8 The cost of charging is highly variable, depending on vehicle type, charging type, whether a user is fully charging, or topping up, and payment arrangements (such as membership schemes or free charging bundled with other services). Rapid charging is usually most expensive for the user, on a pence per kilowatt hour basis. Higher powered charging provides a faster charging experience, and also places more demand on the electricity network, as set out below hence the higher cost.

Certain charging types are typically suited to certain locations, as illustrated below and further explained in the following sections:

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 9 Home charging Workplace charging

Description: Home charging is the cheapest and most convenient Description: Workplace charging is typically provided in private car form of charging, usually slow charging overnight. parks. Charging can be slow or fast and offers a convenient way to recharge an electric vehicle for employees and business fleet. Likely target users: Users with off-street parking. Likely target users: Employees, business fleet users. Barriers: On existing properties, the onus is on the user to arrange installation. Our engagement shows that users could be better supported Barriers: Parking space availability. May incentivise behaviours to use private with clear and consistent information. Local grid constraints can in some vehicles rather than more sustainable transport modes, where possible. circumstances impact the viability or effectiveness of charging at home.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 10 On-street charging Destination charging

Description: Stand-alone pillars, typically ‘fast’ chargers provide Description: Fast charging is provided at destinations where the user on-street charging. Dedicated kerbside charging points have may park for a number of hours, e.g. gym, cinema or shopping centres. been developed that avoid cables trailing across footways. Hotel chains may take advantage of the overnight charging, and use slow charging as it is more cost-effective. Likely target users: Users with no off-street parking, such as terraced housing. Visitors to destinations where on-street parking is available. Likely target users: Destination visitors.

Barriers: Managing parking to ensure that users have access when they need Barriers: Not strategically planned or managed – based on individual it, and others don’t block spaces when not charging. Funding and arranging investment decisions at destination. installation can be time consuming, especially where grid is constrained.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 11 On-route charging Hub charging

Description: On-route charging is used to top up midway through Description: Hub-based charging can be at centralised or out-of-town a journey, for example at motorway service areas. locations, and include different types of users, as part of a multi-modal transport strategy. A mix of charging types would be required to service Likely target users: Business travel users, private leisure users, different user needs. There is the potential for synergies to offer greater value. freight and logistics. Likely target users: Taxis, buses, business fleet, park and ride/multi-modal Barriers: Market segmentation, incompatibility across charging equipment and transport users, car rental companies, freight and logistics. supporting payment and data infrastructure, lack of strategic planning. Sufficient grid capacity must be available to accommodate high powered charging. Barriers: Land availability, grid capacity, cross-sector integration, new delivery models are required to deliver multi-modal transport services.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 12 4. Current Charging Infrastructure in Wales

The following provides an Total number of charge Public charge points and electric outline of where Wales is in the points in Wales vehicles licensed per 100,000 context of the rollout of electric of population by UK regions2,3 vehicle charging infrastructure, and how the market is Whilst Wales currently has one of developing across different the lower levels of electric vehicle charging types. We know ownership in the United Kingdom, that we must improve the this strategy aims to increase public provision of electric charging confidence in charging, which will across Wales, so that users are facilitate increased ownership. confident to make the switch Wales is currently behind England to electric vehicles. and Scotland in terms of the number of chargers available and electric vehicle ownership. The relationship between the number of chargers available and electric vehicle ownership is positive (i.e. more charging supports increased electric vehicle ownership), but slightly different for each part of the UK. Other factors such as geography, demographics, prosperity, policy and institutional frameworks are influential, emphasising the need for this strategy to consider circumstances specific to Wales.

2 Department for Transport (2020). Battery Electric Vehicles or BEV (subset of ULEV) licensed at the end of the quarter by upper and lower tier local authority 3 Department for Transport (11 August 2020). Electric vehicle charging device statistics July 2020

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 13 The unique geography and demographics of Wales frame Electric Vehicle the challenges that we face 4 in providing better charging. Market Penetration Rural areas and economically disadvantaged areas of Wales determined by number of electrical vehicles compared are particularly underserved, with large ‘gaps’ in the rapid charging to the number of total vehicles. network for long distance travel. The following graphic also indicates very low numbers of charge points in local authority areas around the South Wales valleys, and localised differences between local authority areas. These factors are important when defining unique actions for Wales in Section 8. 4

4 Department for Transport (2019), Vehicle Licensing Statistics. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/vehicles-statistics

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 14 Number and location of chargers in Wales in 20205

5 Data extract from Chargepoint Registry July 2020

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 15 cities such as London. Over 50% As more people install home Workplace charging of homes in Cardiff, for example, charging, limits of the local grid Types of have access to off-street parking. capacity could start to restrict Adoption in Wales: There are access. This would undermine user Delivery in Wales: Residents approximately 320 workplace confidence in being able to charge wishing to install a charge point chargers installed in Wales7. charging when they require. Smart charging can apply to The Electric Vehicle seeks to avoid this happening Homecharge Scheme (EVHS) Delivery in Wales: Employers through efficient use of the grid which provides grants of up are primarily responsible for in Wales network mitigating peaks and to £350 per charge point. installing charging at workplaces, troughs in load where possible. although in rented commercial Welsh Government will work with Home charging Direction of travel: The Energy properties tenants may need Performance Buildings Directive, DNO’s, National Grid and Ofgem to make arrangements with to be transposed into Welsh to promote a regulatory framework landlords. The Workplace Adoption in Wales: As the Building Codes (see Section 8), that allows the Electricity industry ChargePoint Scheme run by the cheapest and most convenient signal the requirement for all new to cost effectively deliver the Office for Low Emission Vehicles form of charging, where users homes with associated parking changes to enable networks to provides access to a grant of have access to off-street parking to have electric vehicle charging provide the power needed to up to £350 per charge point. they will predominantly charge at installed, and place the same deliver net zero across Wales. home. Users are responsible for obligations on any refurbishment Direction of travel: There is installing their own charge point at existing properties. There are scheme covered by the Code. an ambition in Wales for public sector to switch fleet vehicles currently a few thousand charge A number of energy providers are 6 from combustion to electric as points installed at homes in Wales offering combined electric vehicle Charging at home in Wales offers soon as possible. To enable this charging and home energy tariffs. huge potential, a large proportion of to happen we might expect much houses in Wales (varying across local These ‘smart tariffs’ incentivise users more charging at workplaces authority areas) have to charge overnight, when electricity to be installed. Many larger off-street parking that can be used can be cheaper and more efficient businesses are seeking to adopt for this purpose, although it is for managing the grid network. charging as part of corporate hugely variable across different parts The Office for Low Emissions commitments to net zero. of Wales. Urban areas in Wales Vehicles has recommended tend to have more houses with that this be mandated. off-street parking than major UK

6 3,500 domestic charge points in Wales received grants from the Electric Vehicle Homecharge scheme as of October 2020. 7 Based on the number of charging sockets in Wales supported by the Workplace Charging scheme as of October 2020.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 16 On-street charging Destination charging Direction of travel: Partnerships On-route charging between automotive organisations are emerging in order to Adoption in Wales: There are Adoption in Wales: There are Adoption in Wales: There are consolidate services for both the at least 145 on-street chargers approximately 300 destination approximately 130 rapid chargers physical infrastructure and soft in Wales8 chargers, at approximately providing on-route charging at infrastructure (such as payment 150 locations across Wales9. approximately 70 locations across and customer support). Alternative Delivery in Wales: Local Wales10. There are however models of localised charging authorities are leading the Delivery in Wales: Partnerships significant ‘gaps’ in the network, include Welsh community roll-out of on-street charging. are increasingly being used to particularly for journeys up and partnerships, such as TrydaNi, The On-Street Residential deliver electric vehicle charging. down the country north to south/ which consolidates a number ChargePoint Scheme from In this model, organisations south to north. Whilst in England of community interest and the Office for Low Emission that provide goods and services rapid charging is widely available at community energy companies to Vehicles helps local authorities partner with a charge point a distance of at least every twenty provide charging infrastructure to part fund the capital costs operator to provide charging miles, the provision in Wales is to areas in need. It is expected of installation (up to £7500 across a number of sites. Some much more sparsely distributed. per charge point). The Welsh supermarkets, for example have that business will continue to lead Government Local Transport announced plans to do this. the uptake, but that in order to Delivery in Wales: Delivery Fund is also a source of funding gain coverage that includes hard- has been led primarily by the accessible to local authorities. to-reach communities, further market to date. Rapid charging investment will be required in typically carries a cost premium, Direction of travel: The Office community-based solutions. which has resulted in investment for Low Emissions vehicles from the automotive and energy is considering what further sectors. Sites are most profitable incentives may be provided in at locations with highest traffic support of on-street charging. volumes and to date a market- led approach means that there has been little strategic planning to meet the needs of users.

8 145 charge points in Wales supported by the On-Street Residential Chargepoint Scheme funding as of October 2020. 9 Refers to connection points identified in the National Chargepoint Registry (2020) 10 Refers to connection points identified in the National Chargepoint Registry (2020)

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 17 Transport for Wales has been tasked Hub charging by the Welsh Government to lead a project to install rapid charging Adoption in Wales: To date, there at a handful of strategic locations. are no charging hubs in Wales. The Transport for Wales project consists of £2 million funding and Delivery in Wales: Partnerships proposed concession agreements and collaboration across the public to facilitate the installation of rapid and private sector will be the most charging and key points in Wales’ effective way to maximise the transport network. The project is co-benefits of different charging a first step in seeking to address types and charging facilities gaps in the network to increase provided at one location. user confidence in the availability The model would be specific of charging facilities on long to the location and services distance journeys. The Department provided, and would see hubs Case Study: TrydaNi for Transport is also leading a being integrated with renewable programme to identify charging energy generation schemes and needs at services at Motorways TrydaNi-Chargeplace Wales Cyf. is dedicated to addressing energy storage facilities. This the electric vehicle charging needs of residential communities, Service Areas, including the M4. approach could provide a means organisations and visitors across Wales with a network Direction of travel: The UK of providing charging hubs in rural of active member groups in Carmarthenshire, Gwynedd, government has signalled that it areas together with mechanisms Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Powys and Cardiff. to return benefits to communities. expects the industry to start to TrydaNi is a charge point operator – installing, operating and support roaming, which gives users Direction of travel: Charging maintaining a growing number of fast chargers and providing the ability to pay on multiple charge hubs offer opportunity to support bilingual customer services. As a community benefit society, points with a single card. The Welsh Government aspirations it aims to retain charging revenues in the Welsh economy industry will be required to support for integrated decarbonised travel by facilitating community ownership of charge points. the consolidation and integration The society’s profits can be reinvested to improve the TrydaNi as outlined in the forthcoming of driver services including payment network to help further decarbonise transport in Wales. Wales Transport Strategy. platforms. This includes a common digital language or ‘protocol’. The It seeks to support local businesses as installation and maintenance Office for Low Emission Vehicles has contractors and associated ventures such as car-sharing clubs. called for this to be in place by 2021.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 18 5 Future Charging Needs of Wales

In order to predict the Charging needs to 2030 over time. It illustrates the shift forecasts for the number of electric number and type of charging to approximately 30% electric vehicles on the road produced by requirements for Wales, so vehicles by 2030, and 90% electric National Grid under their Future Demand for electric vehicle that charging does not become vehicles by 2035, supported by Energy Scenarios publication. charging is a function of the a barrier to the adoption of charging provision, technology The Leading the Way scenario number of electric vehicles on the electric vehicles, the strategy maturity, incentives, regulatory has been adopted to model an road and charging behaviours. has estimated the scale of need change and incentives. Recent approach where the transition Charging behaviours have been for charging electric cars and evidence from electric vehicle from combustion to electric modelled based on a number vans over the next decade. registrations supports this model. vehicles happens most effectively, of assumptions about where Over the last year data from the supported by adequate charging. and how people will use the Wales’ charging needs are International Energy Agency charging network, which results considered in the context of the has shown that sales of electric Electric vehicle uptake curve in a credible range of outcomes. Wales Transport Strategy, and the vehicles in Europe have increased based on ‘Leading the Way’ shift towards decarbonised and by 50%. This strategy uses Future Energy Scenario 2020 integrated mobility. Meeting our Number of electric predicted need for charging will contribute to successful outcomes vehicles on the road and actions for the decarbonisation of transport as a whole, as further As drivers transition from internal detailed in Section 7 and 8. combustion vehicles to electric cars and vans, it is predicted that the increase in number of electric vehicles on the road will follow an ‘s-curve’ over time. This is illustrated below, representing the percentage of total cars in the UK that would be electric

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 19 National Grid Future Energy Scenario – Leading the Way

The National Grid Future Energy Scenarios 2020 establish four credible pathways for the future of energy over the next 30 years.

National Grid published a range of scenarios and their implications on energy demand and ability to meet net zero by 2050. The scenarios look at the whole energy system, including transport and the role of electric vehicles.

The electric vehicle charging market is rapidly changing, and therefore any estimate of the scale of future demand is based on a number of assumptions that will inevitably change over time. A high electric vehicle uptake scenario (Leading the Way) underpins the estimates that follow as it represents a scenario where charging infrastructure is not a barrier to electric vehicle uptake. From 2032 onwards, the scenario expects that the purchase of internal combustion cars and vans will cease. On 18th November 2020 the UK Government announced that the cessation will be brought forward to 2030. This announcement will not

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 20 significantly alter the predictions Charging scenarios for charging needs referenced in this document but we will review Welsh transport data as well the modelling in advance of the as socio-economic data and publication of the final strategy. observations of electric vehicle In the ‘Leading the Way’ and charging behaviour have been ‘Consumer Transformation’ used to provide bespoke, holistic, scenarios by 2030, the capacity data driven scenarios for Wales. available for vehicle to grid energy The method considers the ability storage exceeds 1GW, and half to charge at home, the most of all cars are battery electric popular locations for different vehicles by 2035. The ‘Systems types of journey and usage Transformation’ and ‘Steady patterns for different charger Progression’ scenarios see half types (Section 4 provides the of all cars being battery electric context for this in Wales). It is vehicles by 2040. Vehicle to grid based on industry standard traffic capacity would exceed 1GW by modelling and assumptions about 2040 and 2045 respectively. the distances drivers of electric vehicles will be able to cover as battery technology improves.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 21 Predicting the need Fast charging dominant for charging This scenario is based on the widespread use of fast charging As set out in Section 4, publicly at destinations, on-street, hubs available charging infrastructure and/or workplaces (during can be broadly divided into fast stays of several hours or more). and rapid/ultra-rapid charging This scenario places less demand speeds. The relative balance of on the electrical grid network, these charging types will depend and therefore can be more cost on a number of factors including effective. The scenario relies user behaviour and preference, less on vehicle and battery infrastructure costs and pricing. performance improvements, To account for the large number where cheaper or second-hand of variables, two bespoke cars and vans are more accessible. scenarios have been developed: one weighted towards the Rapid charging dominant widespread use of fast charging and the other towards the This scenario is based on the widespread use of rapid chargers. widespread use of rapid chargers Each scenario includes all types of where users quickly recharge charging and the relative balance batteries at charging hubs and is based on a series of credible other locations. This scenario assumptions detailed below. assumes that car batteries Home charging is represented continue to improve in size and by slow charging on the basis battery performance and that that if users can charge at home the grid network will meet the they will – and therefore remains additional electrical requirements. the same in both scenarios.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 22 Predicting Inclusions: • Traffic forecasts where the Exclusions: charging needs • Rapid uptake in the adoption total number of vehicles is • Impact of COVID19 on traffic of fully electric private vehicles increasing, balanced by a forecasts. Whilst an economic based on Future Energy reduction in the miles travelled slowdown is likely to result in The number of chargers that Scenarios and a ban on the by each vehicle. The reduction a contraction of the market could be needed, and the sale of diesel and petrol cars in miles per vehicle is not as for combustion vehicles, types of chargers needed has and van (and hybrids) as strong in Wales compared the International Energy been predicted for each local anticipated in the ‘Leading to England based on the Agency predicts that sale of authority across Wales, based the Way’ scenario. rural travel requirements electric cars and vans will be on the following. As with any in many parts of Wales. impacted to a lesser extent. quantitative modelling, some • Rapid uptake in electric taxis • Regional Transport Models, simplifications and exclusions and private hire vehicles, • Unnecessary occupation of informing the quantity have been appropriately made. based on the requirement chargers (plugged in but not in Wales for all taxis and of vehicles moving from charging) and the impact private hire vehicles to be origin to destination on on the required number of ultra-low emission by 2028. different types of journey, chargers. It is assumed that including trips originating chargers are used efficiently. • The bespoke higher from outside Wales. intervention and lower • Charging needs of heavy intervention scenarios • The ability of electric goods vehicles, buses relating to how fast and vehicle users to charge at and micro-mobility. rapid chargers are used home, informed by Census and how much energy is data on housing type. delivered per charging event. • Seasonal variation in charging demand at high volume tourist locations.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 23 Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 24 Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 25 The predicted need for charging decarbonisation of transport Predicted need for rapid In this emerging market, cars and vans across Wales outlined in the Wales Transport chargers in Wales until 2030 there is very little published provides an indication of the scale Strategy and in the context of the research on the needs and of need over the next decade. Well-Being of Future Generations The number of rapid chargers experiences of consumers. Whilst the total predicted need Act, which will influence better needed across Wales increases for charging is highest in urban access to more sustainable to up to 3,500 over the next ten Engagement in understanding areas such as Cardiff and Swansea, modes of travel over time. years. We currently have less of prospective and existing some more rural local authority than 5% of this total installed. Welsh electric vehicle consumer areas such as Carmarthenshire Substantial planning, resources experiences has been used to and Powys will also require and investment will be required inform the development of comparatively high numbers of across the public and private sector User requirements this strategy. This insight will charging units to be deployed. to deliver the charging needs be further supplemented by identified. In every local authority responses to public consultation. Some localised factors contributing Charge point locations must meet area, careful planning will be to the predicted charging need standards for safety, accessibility required to meet localised need. The key issues identified include the proportion of homes and security, particularly for the The above can be considered a were dependent on personal in Wales which currently have most vulnerable users. access to off-street parking, and guide for the scale of localised circumstances and often influenced action planning set out in Section 8 by early purchasing decisions. travel patterns based on current Section 8 sets out to be viewed in the context of Those that had the most positive trends, projected for anticipated recommendations that build growth. It is important to note integrated pathways to net zero. experience of charging in Wales upon the UK Government vision were those that purchased a from an equality and sustainability for charge points, providing perspective that the above figures package of personal e-mobility Predicted need for fast an integrated, accessible and services when purchasing an do not represent an idealised collaborative approach to electric outcome for electric charging chargers in Wales until 2030 electric vehicle. This meant vehicle charging throughout the that the availability and cost of in Wales, particularly at the The number of fast chargers UK. Welsh Government seek to lower end of the table where needed across Wales increases to charging was part of the service expand on these standards to that they expected from the the numbers may be influenced 30,000 to 50,000 over the next ensure electric vehicle user needs by existing socio-economic ten years. We currently have less outset. This approach currently are central to the development carries a significant cost premium trends. It does not take into than 1% of this total installed. of electric vehicle charging account wider measures for the and is unlikely to be accessible infrastructure in Wales. for many. Those with the most

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 26 negative experiences were more From an equality perspective, Feedback from engagement likely to purchase an electric those with family and caring highlighted the need for an car as a ‘product’, and charging responsibilities appeared to overarching charging strategy was not discussed with the have had the most negative for Wales, and identified the dealership at the point of sale. experience of electric vehicle following to be addressed; charging in Wales, where they felt • A perceived lack of ambition The following themes were noticeable that complex contingency plans across the majority of users: and priority for electric vehicles involving childcare and sometimes at a leadership/policy level; • General lack of charging overnight stays were required. locations, or lack of availability • An unclear local if other users are either charging authority mandate; or blocking the space; Stakeholder requirements • Insufficient access to • Unreliability of charging funding/ market incentives; infrastructure, often out of service; Stakeholder engagement across • Location and access issues, the public and private sector including grid capacity; and • Incompatibility of was undertaken by Transport charging cables; for Wales on behalf of Welsh • Potentially insufficient for • A disproportionate amount Government in early 2020, return on investment based of time and energy spent in support of a forthcoming on demographics in Wales. by users planning for their Transport for Wales programme journey and charging needs; of works to install rapid This strategy considers the above, charging infrastructure which will be used alongside • Issues at payment including throughout Wales. A market feedback from public consultation different payment platforms, engagement workshop was in shaping the Action Plan. membership schemes, lack of held, with over 70 organisations internet connection, and poor represented by attendees. customer support services; and • Users feeling vulnerable where trying to access payment and support services, for example when alone or in a poorly lit environment.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 27 Unlocking the grid There are two electricity District Future investment in the using vehicle batteries as storage Network Operators (DNOs) in grid network is governed by (‘vehicle to grid’ technology) to Wales – Scottish Power Energy submissions from the network help balance overall supply and The transport and energy sectors Networks and Western Power operators to Ofgem, the regulator. demand. The principle applies will be required to work together Distribution. DNOs manage the Investment may be targeted at at different scales – for example to deliver electric vehicle charging supply of power to end users, flexible and ‘smart’ network within a residential setting for a in the context of decarbonisation. drawing this power from the management solutions and include single car and household system, The availability of capacity on National Grid’s transmission wider network reinforcement. up to large scale where numerous the grid network is a constraint system. Both Welsh DNOs are Network reinforcement can take vehicles plugged into the grid can in a number of areas of Wales. taking steps to address the needs a variety of forms including new be aggregated within and across The grid is designed for current of Electric Vehicle Charging substations and connecting cables a number of car parks managed rather than future demand and in relation to their networks, overhead or underground. as a large battery. This requires considering how to manage and Scottish Power Energy Networks the markets to evolve to incentivise fund the transformation of the has launched Project Charge National Grid’s Future Energy investment in grid flexibility, grid to meet a future with much to provide insight about where Scenarios forecast that electric with vehicle to grid technology, more electric transport and heat charging may be required within vehicle charging will have a key and ‘smarter’ charging at home is a major undertaking, which their network area, and the role in facilitating the transition playing an essential role. will need changes in the way likely impact on the network. to a decarbonised energy system, the energy system is regulated Western Power Distribution has and funded. As indicated launched a strategy setting out earlier Welsh Government will solutions and a roadmap for work with the DNO’s, National meeting various consumer needs. Grid and Ofgem to promote a regulatory framework that allows the Electricity industry to cost effectively deliver the changes to enable networks to provide the power needed to deliver net zero across Wales. The needs of users and the grid network must be carefully balanced.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 28 6 Drivers of Change

This section outlines approach to transport. The shift Improvements in technological drivers that could from combustion to electric cars battery technology influence the electric vehicle and vans is an important part of charging infrastructure of this, to be viewed in the context the future. These aspects are of wider system wide changes. Research, development and out of scope for the current In future, the charging delivered manufacturing in battery strategy (the immediate need by this strategy will support the technology is continuing at pace. to charge cars and vans) but electrification of further modes The cost of batteries has fallen provide context as to how of transport, but there will be by almost a factor of ten over charging may change in the additional work to identify the the last decade, and as the mass future, beyond 2030. The additional and bespoke needs market expands will continue to following will be kept under of other transport modes. fall further. As battery performance review as part of ongoing Actions that meet the immediate improves, the widespread action planning so that further charging needs for cars and vans availability of cars with ranges specific plans can be developed will begin enabling the shift to in excess of 400 miles could be at the appropriate time. decarbonised multi-modal journeys expected within the next ten when mobility is viewed as an years. Electric buses will become integrated service. Charging hubs increasingly commercialised Multi-modal in particular can create value from over the next decade as battery technology improves. Electric decarbonised mobility co-locating charging facilities for different modes of transport. The bus operation in Wales is Wales Transport Strategy provides increasing as in the rest of the The Wales Transport Strategy the framework for integration UK with 21 areas in the United provides the context for systems- across the sector, where further Kingdom having incorporated wide, multi-modal shifts in our co-benefits can be realised. electric buses either entirely or partly into their services11.

11 Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 29 Bus Charging in Sheffield, South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive The South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (SYPTE) toolkit demonstrates the viability of piloting buses in Sheffield and Doncaster. It identifies which bus routes could accommodate electric buses and has been based on data considering operational patterns, topography and charging strategies. The toolkit enables selection of buses, specific areas and comparison against various options, and measures potential air quality improvements.

The outcomes have led to two major operators within the area expressing interest in trialling electric buses.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 30 Micro-mobility have removable batteries which to the individual consumer. gas reformation and carbon increase the range of locations Autonomous vehicles will have sequestration. Wales is currently the battery can be charged. multiple expensive sensors investing in demonstrator projects Micro-mobility refers to a range of There are many different charging requiring regular maintenance such as the Anglesey Energy small, lightweight, often electrically models for shared micro-mobility (alignment, cleaning, software Island and Milford Haven Energy powered vehicles used to transport schemes. Shared electric bikes updates, etc.) making the fleet Kingdom, to test the system- people or goods. The term covers and e-scooters can be charged ownership model a more likely wide integration of hydrogen. vehicles that are either owned or at docking stations, or by the scenario than personal ownership. Large scale commercialisation of hired by users, such as e-bikes, operator at warehouse facilities. Charging of vehicles under a hydrogen as the primary source shared bicycles, electric scooters shared ownership in future of energy for vehicle transport or small vehicles used for vehicles Whilst the infrastructure demands could require different charging (including the necessary supply used for ‘last mile’ deliveries. for micro-mobility charging is not infrastructure than the current chain) is not yet advanced enough significant now, further growth distributed model associated to model the implications for The micro-mobility industry is of these mobility solutions, rapidly expanding and changing, with personal car ownership. electric vehicle charging. The Welsh and modal shift away from private Government has commissioned with an increasing array of devices vehicles may warrant consideration available for sale in the UK. Micro- a baseline study and hydrogen of dedicated charging facilities, Hydrogen pathway for Wales that will feed mobility has the potential to such as improved provisions at enable improved accessibility to through into regional energy workplaces or shared charging planning and the low carbon plan services and employment and to Hydrogen is being increasingly facilities at mobility hubs. 2021-2025, to map out hydrogen’s make transport more inclusive. For recognised as a means by role in the transition to net zero. example, electric bikes can increase which energy can be effectively Hydrogen may start to take the the range of journeys and make stored, moved and used as part Autonomous vehicles lead as the most effective way to cycling viable to a wider audience. of a decarbonised, integrated decarbonise heavy duty vehicles energy and transport system. after 2030. Hydrogen may, in Charging infrastructure Whilst the future of, and timescales Hydrogen and electric mobility future, offer a viable alternative requirements for micro-mobility for, autonomous vehicles is are complementary in supporting to electrification of bus travel, are much less demanding uncertain, they could also help the transition to net zero. particularly for longer distance than for cars. Given their us move away from individual Hydrogen production, transport routes, although electric buses size, privately owned micro- car ownership in the years to and use can take many forms. are expected to represent 60% mobility vehicles can typically come. Manufacturers could gain To create hydrogen involves using of the global municipal bus market be charged easily from home significantly more by operating electrolysers to convert energy by 2030 and 80% by 204012 or the workplace. In addition, them over their lifetime as a fleet, from renewable energy generation many micro-mobility vehicles as opposed to selling vehicles or small modular reactors, or via

12 Salim Morsy, Long Term Electric Vehicle Outlook, BNEF, 2018

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 31 7 Summary and Key Conclusions

The strategy has set out the Modelling predicted charging A Vision for Charging in Wales • The need for better quality rapid need to decarbonise our needs over the next ten years, charging, to improve By 2025, all users of electric transport systems in order based on Welsh transport data, the user experience for to help tackle the climate charging behaviours, and the cars and vans in Wales are electric cars and vans. confident that they can access emergency. Planning for electric vehicle uptake required • Sustainable, integrated and decarbonisation across the to decarbonise, has identified a electric vehicle charging infrastructure when and where cross-sectoral planning will UK and Wales has identified rapid increase in the total need for facilitate the decarbonisation they need it. that more needs to be done to charging across Wales. Targeted of energy and transport, support the transition to electric action planning will be undertaken Based on policy context, existing and create co-benefits. vehicles. Welsh Government to help ensure that lack of electric Welsh Government recognise that this strategy vehicle charging infrastructure and future charging needs and engagement with users can create favourable represents the first step for does not become a barrier to the conditions for economic and Wales to take targeted action uptake of electric cars and vans. and stakeholders, this strategy has identified the following employment opportunities to deliver a vision for electric to be captured in Wales. vehicle charging that meets As the market develops there key conclusions to be taken Wales’ unique requirements. will be technological changes forward to action planning: • The need for better networks such as battery technology, • The need for a substantial will be kept under review by User engagement has identified autonomous vehicles and the role increase in the number of Welsh Government in the issues including lack of charging of hydrogen that will influence slow, fast and rapid/ultra-rapid context of other measures that locations, availability, reliability the long-term shape of integrated chargers available in Wales. are needed to deliver net zero and compatibility issues, which and decarbonised travel. Yet it is The total need for fast charging, across Wales (for example better has undermined confidence clear that we must take action alongside home charging will be broadband connectivity and the in charging. Stakeholder to provide better charging a key area of focus to promote electrification of home heating). engagement also highlighted to support the electrification equality of access to charging. concerns around grid capacity of cars and vans now. and how adequate charging infrastructure will be delivered.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 32 8 Action Planning

The analysis contained within i. Total charging provision The above will be delivered We plan to introduce measures this strategy identifies four through support and incentives, that will provide high quality themes as follows: alongside changes to building fast charging to meet this Slow charging codes and regulation. This will need, through partnerships i. Total charging provision We know that charging at home, be supported by education and and collaboration:13 using slow charging where feasible, awareness raising, and cross • New –build non-residential ii. Quality outcomes offers consumers the most convenient industry collaboration to ensure buildings with more than 10 and cost-effective charging option. coherence and consistency. parking spaces will have a iii. Sustainable outcomes The following outcomes will drive charge point provided by 2025. better provision: iv. Localised benefit Fast charging • Business provides charging • All new homes with an This strategy has shown that facilities at places of work for associated car parking space will Each of the themes have key we will need to have between the use of staff and visitors. have electric vehicle charging. outcomes for future charging in 30,000 and 50,000 fast chargers • Destinations provide charging Wales as set out in the section • Homeowners and occupiers available for use by 2030, facilities for the use of on each theme below. These with off-street parking in Wales and that we currently have less customers which may act will be developed into an action will be supported to charge than 1% of this installed. as a means of improving plan following feedback from at home. customer experience . the consultation exercise, and • Home charging will be ‘smart • On-street charging and in will be monitored and updated enabled’ for value and efficiency. car parks will be encouraged annually to reflect progress. in villages, towns and cities throughout Wales; with a view to installing on average one charge point for one in every three electric vehicles that cannot charge at home.

13 The outcomes below would be appropriate to fast charging in most circumstances, although in some cases be slow or rapid/ultra-rapid to meet location specific needs.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 33 • Charging hubs, including Welsh Government/Transport Rapid/ultra-rapid charging Transport for Wales will take the out of town park and ride, for Wales will work with local It is predicted that between 2,000 lead in delivering rapid charging on and supporting active travel authorities to determine the best to 3,500 rapid/ultra-rapid chargers the strategic trunk road network. will feature in enabling ways to support and enable them will be needed in Wales over the The Welsh Government’s Ultra Low decarbonised multi-modal to deliver the above for on-street Emission Vehicle Transformation 14 next ten years, and that we have journeys across Wales. charging and publicly owned less than 5% of this installed. Fund will be used to support the parking. Potential measures to transition for taxis and private be outlined in the Action Plan A comprehensive network of hire. Delivery measures will be include providing a framework rapid charging infrastructure outlined within the Action Plan. for public sector procurement, across Wales provide essential use of public land, sharing best charging to visitors, tourists and practice and support to building everyone wishing to undertake the capabilities required. Welsh long distance travel. The following Government will provide support actions have been identified: to ensure that business sectors, for example taxis and private • By 2025, a rapid charging hire can take advantage of network will be provided improved charging infrastructure across the strategic trunk road that supports their needs. network of Wales, providing charging at a distance of approximately 20 miles. • In urban centres taxis and private hire vehicles will have extensive access to charging facilities by 2025.15

14 Charging hubs will feature fast charging, but may also offer slow and rapid/ultra-rapid charging options depending on user type. 15 Taxis and private hire vehicles will require access to rapid charging within operational hours, but would also benefit from other types of charging and outcomes highlighted elsewhere.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 34 ii. Quality outcomes The following outcomes • Charging facilities will be The creation of a national standard are desirable: available to everyone, including for charging facilities that reflects those with accessibility needs. the above requirements could be Consumer engagement • Payment for electric vehicle a reliable mechanism to drive an identified issues including charging will be possible by • Payment platforms will be improvement in industry standards. lack of charging locations, contactless debit or credit simple, accessible and easy Further delivery measures will be availability, reliability and card and an associated to use with clear pricing outlined within the action plan. compatibility, leaving users app based system. information available. unconfident in their ability • Consistent information about • Digital and data platforms to charge. charging on main roads (the will be open-access, creating strategic trunk road network) new opportunities for Welsh Expanding on the UK will be openly available, businesses and supporting Government’s vision, we expect helping drivers choose when, e-mobility services. that in order to support user where and how they charge. confidence that charging will provide a user experience of • Charging infrastructure will sufficient quality. be reliable with a high level of availability. Users will be able to charge when they require. • Drivers will be supported by 24/7 customer care to handle any technical issues. This will be available in Welsh and English. • Users will be able to park and pay for charging in a safe, well-lit environment.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 35 iii. Sustainable outcomes • All fast and rapid/ultra- • Where possible, electric vehicle Welsh Government will enable rapid charging points will be charging is installed at locations the above through integrated supplied by renewable energy that complement other modes planning for energy and transport The strategy has highlighted (either through of sustainable transport, (including the forthcoming the importance of integrated tariff/purchasing agreements including the use of public Low Carbon Delivery Plan, cross sectoral planning for or local zero carbon solutions). transport, walking, and cycling. and on-going Regional Energy a sustainable energy and Planning), and improved transport system in the context • We will work with the • The full life cycle of charging regulatory standards (including of decarbonisation. To achieve electricity industry within the infrastructure (including supply amendments to Building Codes this the following outcomes current regulatory framework chain, decommissioning and Regulations). The creation of a have been identified: to plan for the decarbonised recycling/reuse of equipment) grid network (including heat, adopts circular economy national standard for charging renewable electricity generation principles. Supply chains the reflects both quality and and transport) so that the work towards becoming sustainable outcomes could be needs of charging will be transparent, carbon accounted a reliable mechanism to drive an met in a way that is efficient and sustainability accredited. improvement in industry standards. for network management • Electric vehicle charging in incorporating smart technology installed in a way that seeks and being ready to capture the to supports wider environment, benefits of vehicle to grid. health and well-being • Electrical installations in new objectives by facilitating local build and refurbished residential air quality improvements, and non-residential buildings active travel and wider will be required to include EV strategies for decarbonisation. charging facilities and also • Support for electric vehicle consider allowing sufficient charging at home is considered additional spare capacity and as part of any wider support cableways to meet anticipated programmes for sustainable, need for EV charging. energy efficient and healthy home environments.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 36 iv. Localised benefit • The location of charging • Community-led and not-for- Welsh Government can create infrastructure supports local profit initiatives are supported, favourable conditions for business opportunities and and collaboration with economic and employment Ensuring the infrastructure is services for local benefit. renewable energy providers opportunities to be captured in in the right place for users will There are opportunities for delivers local benefit and Wales. The creation of a national boost confidence and create local businesses to expand contributes to decarbonisation. procurement framework could wider economic opportunity for their services into charging This offers the opportunity support the above outcomes businesses and people in Wales. (where appropriate) or to utilise energy generated in through encouraging solutions that The following outcomes will servicing the needs of Wales, retaining local value in deliver the most advantageous assist in maximising the users whilst charging. line with the Welsh Government outcomes for Wales. co-benefits that can be Local Ownership of Energy achieved. • Charging is provided at multi-modal transport nodes, Generation policy statement. for example at train stations. • Partnerships and collaboration • Local skills and training is between organisations, across provided in Wales to support the public and private sector servicing, maintenance and and communities in Wales digital jobs in the sector. deliver solutions that are effective, create co-benefits and • A local supply chain is developed are resilient to climate change. for manufacturing equipment. Wales’ industrial clusters and regional development plans plan for opportunities to support battery manufacturing and other supply chain needs.

Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Wales 37 Delivering successful Delivering the aims of this outcomes strategy will require significant levels of investment. There are clear commercial opportunities in Successful action will rely on electric vehicle charging but we strong delivery mechanisms being recognise that targeted investment in place. Sufficient resources, by government in areas where capabilities and skills will be provision is not up to standard will required throughout the sector to be necessary. Welsh Government underpin delivery, and to maximise is proposing to invest in the region the benefits and opportunities of £30m over the next five year for Wales. It is a key aspiration period on electric vehicle charging to develop a framework that to make this strategy happen. captures as much economic activity Further spending after 2025 will be as possible from the provision, kept under review as part of action operation and maintenance planning. Following consultation, of these facilities within the this strategy will be accompanied Welsh and local economy. by an action plan to track and manage delivery, which will be monitored and reviewed annually. Welsh Government will, with Transport for Wales and based on the feedback from consultation, develop the governance and delivery arrangements, embedding the Five Ways of Working of the Well-being of Future Generations Act.