Prosperity for All: a Low Carbon Wales 1
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales 1 Welsh Government 2019 Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales ISBN - 978-1-78964-971-0 Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales 2 Wales’ commitment to tackling climate change Sharing the journey, for a better future March 2019 Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales 3 Contents Cabinet Foreword ................................ 6 Part 4 – Methodological Approach 155 Introduction ......................................... 155 Part 1 - Introduction, Vision & Context 10 Meeting the Targets and Budgets Introduction ......................................... 10 through Policies and Proposals ............. 155 The Case for Change............................ 11 How we developed this Plan guided by the Ways of Working and Vision ................................................... 13 Well-being goals .................................. 159 Wales’ Greenhouse Gas Maximising our Contribution to the Emissions and Development of Well Being Goals and Objectives ........... 163 a Decarbonisation Pathway .................. 15 Wales’ place within the world ............. 18 Part 5 - Next Steps 167 Part 2 –Leadership, Integration, Collaboration & Involvement 21 Annexes 169 Introduction ......................................... 21 Annex 1 – Wales Accounting framework ........................................... 169 Integration across our Strategic Policies ............................................... 21 Annex 2 - Sector definitions ................. 172 A Whole Energy System Approach ....... 37 Annex 3 - Constructing emissions pathways ............................................. 174 Involvement, Collaboration, Roles and Responsibilities ............................. 43 Annex 4 - The Greenhouse Gas Inventory .............................................. 176 Public Sector Leadership ...................... 53 Annex 5 - Link between Ideas for Action and A Low Carbon Wales .......... 178 Part 3 – Sector Emission Pathways 64 Annex 6 - List of Policies and Introduction ......................................... 64 Proposals .............................................. 185 Power .................................................. 65 Annex 7 - List of Policies and Proposals by Portfolio ........................... 191 Buildings .............................................. 81 Transport .............................................. 97 Industry Sector ..................................... 109 Land Use, Land Use Change & Forestry (LULUCF) .............................. 123 Agriculture .......................................... 133 Waste Management ............................ 144 F-Gases Sector...................................... 151 Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales 4 List of Figures Figure 14: Graph: Transport Sector emissions in 2016 (MtCO e) ................. 98 Figure 1: Real GVA and GHG 2 emissions in Wales, 1998-2016, Figure 15: A graph to show historic Index (1998=100) ................................. 12 emissions for the Transport Sector and UKCCC modelling to show emission Figure 2: Sectoral shares of emissions reductions for the first carbon budget in Wales and the UK (2015) .................. 15 (CB1) and a possible route for a Figure 3: Total Welsh emissions – contribution to an 80% reduction in historic data and future projections all Welsh emissions in 2050 .................. 99 incorporating UKCCC advice ................ 17 Figure 16 – Policy Framework for Figure 4: Linking the Financial and Surface Transport aligning action with Carbon Budget Cycle long term ........... 23 policy action to meeting targets, budgets and 2030 pathway.................. 100 Figure 5: Key milestones over the first carbon budget period .................... 25 Figure 17: Graph showing Industry sector emissions in 2016 ...................... 111 Figure 6: The alignment between decarbonisation and air quality ............. 33 Figure 18: A graph to show historic emissions for the Industry Sector and Figure 7: Example of Smart UKCCC modelling to show emission Demonstrator projects .......................... 41 reductions for the first carbon budget Figure 8: Policy Framework explained ... 64 (CB1) and a possible route for a Figure 9: A graph to show historic contribution to an 80% reduction in emissions for the Power Sector and all Welsh emissions in 2050 .................. 112 UKCCC modelling to show emission Figure 19: Policy Framework for Industry reductions for the first carbon budget aligning action with policy action to (CB1) and a possible route for a meeting targets, budgets and 2030 contribution to an 80% reduction in pathway ............................................... 113 all Welsh emissions in 2050 .................. 67 Figure 20: Graph showing LULUCF Figure 10: Policy Framework for Power – sector sinks in 2016.............................. 124 Aligning policy action to budgets Figure 21 – Graph showing LULUCF targets and the 2030 pathway ............. 68 sector sources in 2016 .......................... 125 Figure 11: Graph: Buildings sector Figure 22 – Policy Framework for emissions in 2016................................. 82 LULUCF Aligning policy action to Figure 12: A graph to show historic meeting targets, budgets and 2030 emissions for the Buildings Sector and pathway ............................................... 126 UKCCC modelling to show emission Figure 23 Graph: Agriculture sector reductions for the first carbon budget emissions in 2016................................. 134 (CB1) and a possible route for a contribution to an 80% reduction in Figure 24: A graph to show historic all Welsh emissions in 2050 .................. 83 emissions for the Agriculture Sector and UKCCC modelling to show emission Figure 13: Policy Framework for reductions for the first carbon budget Buildings Aligning policy action to (CB1) and a possible route for a meeting targets, budgets and 2030 contribution to an 80% reduction in pathway ............................................... 84 all Welsh emissions in 2050 .................. 135 Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales 5 Figure 25: Policy Framework for List of Tables Agriculture Aligning policy action to meeting targets, budgets and 2030 Table 1: Example of funding schemes pathway ............................................... 136 for the third sector supporting action on climate change ................................ 48 Figure 26: Graph to show waste sector emissions in 2016 (MtCO e) ................. 145 Table 2: How the biggest emissions 2 sources in the power sector contribute Figure 27: A graph to show historic to the Welsh total ................................ 66 emissions for the Waste Sector and UKCCC modelling to show emission Table 3: Potential opportunities for reductions for the first carbon budget offshore wind in Wales ......................... 76 (CB1) and a possible route for a Table 4: How the biggest emissions contribution to an 80% reduction in sources in the buildings sector all Welsh emissions in 2050 .................. 146 contribute to the Welsh total ................ 82 Figure 28: Policy Framework for Waste Table 5: How the biggest emissions Aligning policy action to meeting sources in the transport sector targets, budgets and 2030 pathway ..... 147 contribute to the Welsh total ................ 98 Figure 29: Graph: F- gas sector Table 6: How the biggest emissions emissions in 2016................................. 152 sources in the industry sector Figure 30: A graph to show historic contribute to the Welsh total ................ 111 emissions for the F-gas Sector and Table 7: how the biggest emissions UKCCC modelling to show emission in the land use and forestry sector reductions for the first carbon budget contribute to the Welsh total ................ 125 (CB1) and a possible route for a Table 8 Table: How the biggest contribution to an 80% reduction in emissions sources in the waste sector all Welsh emissions in 2050 .................. 153 contribute to the Welsh total ................ 145 Figure 31: Policy Framework for F-gas Table 9: How the biggest emissions Aligning policy action to meeting sources of F-gases to the atmosphere targets, budgets and 2030 pathway ..... 154 contribute to total Welsh GHG emissions ............................................. 152 Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales 6 Cabinet Foreword Climate change is the globally defining challenge of our time. The Paris Agreement has set the direction for the international community to come together to take action and the latest Inter-governmental Panel on the Climate Change report was a stark reminder of the urgency that is required across the international community. Climate change is a matter which transcends political and social boundaries and it is often the most vulnerable in our communities who are impacted the most. Decarbonisation offers enormous opportunities to create a vibrant and socially-just economy. We must make a difference and help create a society here in Wales that ensures well-being and tackles inequality as we decarbonise. This Plan sets out the Welsh Government’s approach to cut emissions and increase efficiency in a way that maximises wider benefits for Wales, ensuring a fairer and healthier society. It sets out 100 policies and proposals that directly reduce emissions and support the growth of the low carbon economy. Since the passing of the Environment (Wales) Act, guided by the Well-Being of Future Generations Act we have made progress across a range of policy areas. We have set targets and provided additional support for renewable