DOCSLIB.ORG

Expansion and Contraction: Goethean Polarity and Architecture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION: GOETHEAN POLARITY AND ARCHITECTURE A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Sabri Gökmen In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Architecture/College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology August 2017 COPYRIGHT © 2017 BY SABRI GÖKMEN EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION: GOETHEAN POLARITY AND ARCHITECTURE Approved by: Professor Lars Spuybroek (Advisor) Professor Daniel L. Purdy School of Architecture College of Liberal Arts Georgia Institute of Technology Penn State University Professor John Peponis Professor Thomas Pfau School of Architecture Department of English Georgia Institute of Technology Duke Trinity College of Arts & Sciences Professor Greg Turk, School of Computer Science Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: [April 21, 2017] [To the students of the Georgia Institute of Technology] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Prof. Lars Spuybroek for his continuous support of my Ph.D study and research, for his patience, enthusiasm, encouragement and immense knowledge. His guidance and direct engagement with my intellectual development helped me formulate the core ideas presented in the work. I wouldn’t have wished for a better advisor and mentor for my Ph.D. study. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Prof. John Peponis, Prof. Greg Turk, Prof. Greg Lynn, Prof. Thomas Pfau and Prof. Daniel Purdy, for their participation in this project, their insightful comments, engaging questions and critique of my work. My sincere thanks also go to the chairs of school of architecture during my research: Prof. George Johnston, Prof. Richard Dagenhart and Prof. Scott Marble for offering various teaching opportunities at school to aid my research and academic development as an instructor. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family: my parents and my sister, and my friends for providing immense support during though times that gave me the courage and ambition to excel during my journey. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV LIST OF FIGURES VIII SUMMARY XX CHAPTER 1 POLARITY AND ELECTIVE AFFINITIES 1 1.1 Polarity during Enlightenment 1 1.1.1 Kant and Idealism 2 1.1.2 Goethe and Idealism 6 1.1.3 Schelling and Realism 9 1.1.4 Goethe and Romanticism 14 1.1.5 Goethean Method: Analysis and Synthesis 18 1.2 The Influence of Goethe’s Scientific Studies on Elective Affinities 21 1.3 Summary of Elective Affinities 28 1.3.1 Elective Affinities: Picturesque Landscape 29 1.3.2 Elective Affinities: The Natural Law of Affinity 32 1.3.3 Elective Affinities: Ottilie 38 1.3.4 Elective Affinities: Novella and Otto 41 1.3.5 Elective Affinities: Hope 45 1.4 Polarity and Landscape 47 1.4.1 Humboldt’s Influence on Goethe 48 1.4.2 Polarity and Productivity in Schelling’s Naturphilosophie 51 1.4.3 Polarity as the Structuring Principle of Landscape 55 1.5 Polarity and Chemistry 64 1.5.1 Goethe’s Early Interest in Alchemy 65 1.5.2 Bergman’s Affinity Tables 68 1.5.3 Polarity in Character Relations 74 1.6 Polarity and Characters 79 1.6.1 Otto 80 1.6.2 Novella and Elective Affinities 84 1.6.3 Ottilie and Lucienne 88 1.7 Conclusion: Polarity, Productivity and Prototypes in Elective Affinities 92 CHAPTER 2 POLARITY AND MORPHOGENESIS 97 2.1 Polarity and Metamorphosis 97 2.1.1 Polarity in Metamorphosis of Plants 98 2.1.2 Expansion and Contraction 108 2.1.3 Polarity and Intensification 113 2.2 Polarity and Morphology 118 2.2.1 Polarity within the Ontogenetic Debate in Eighteenth Century: Preformation and Epigenesis 119 V 2.2.2 Urpflanze: Polarity and Botany 127 2.2.3 Zwischenkiefer: Polarity and Osteology 138 2.2.4 Farbenlehre: Polarity and Color 147 2.2.5 Goethean Morphology as a Unifying Science 162 2.3 Bildebewegungen: Polarity in the work of Jochen Bockemühl 167 2.3.1 Form and Pattern Transformations [Bildebewegungen] 168 2.3.2 Polarity and Embryogenesis of Foliage Leaves 170 2.3.3 Polarity and Ontogenesis of Mature Leaf Sequences 173 2.3.4 Polarity in Overall Development of a Plant 180 2.3.5 Reversed Biogenesis: Polar Relationship of Phylogenesis and Ontogenesis 186 2.4 Polarity and Leaf Morphology 190 2.4.1 Diagramming Leaf Polarity 191 2.4.2 Polarity and Generative Leaf Embryogenesis 198 2.4.3 Polarity and Generative Leaf Ontogenesis 205 2.4.4 Polar-Parametric Leaf Variations 210 2.5 “Alles ist Blatt”: Leaf-being as an Ontological Machine 233 2.5.1 Polarity and Being 234 2.5.2 Polarity and Becoming 240 2.5.3 Polarity and Color 246 2.5.4 Polarity Machine 252 CHAPTER 3 POLARITY AND ARCHITECTURE 259 3.1 Polarity and Symmetry: Animals and Architecture 259 3.1.1 Polarity and Organicism: Animal Body and Architecture 260 3.1.2 Symmetry and Architecture: Vitruvius and Alberti 273 3.1.3 Polarity and Symmetry: Urhütte 284 3.1.4 Polarity and Body-Limb Duality I 296 3.2 Goethean Architecture I: Rudolf Steiner and Anthroposophical Architecture 310 3.2.1 Rudolf Steiner and Anthroposophical Architecture 312 3.2.2 Polarity and Goetheanum 317 3.2.3 Polarity and Anthroposophical Architecture 328 3.3 Polarity and Asymmetry: Plants and Architecture 335 3.3.1 Polarity and Teratology: Vegetal Proliferation and Architecture 337 3.3.2 Asymmetry and Architecture: Gothic 350 3.3.3 Polarity and Asymmetry: Spiral Tendency in Gothic 363 3.3.4 Polarity and Body-Limb Duality II 377 3.4 Goethean Architecture II: Polarized Morphogenesis 391 3.4.1 Gothic Anatomy 392 3.4.2 Metamorphosis of Urhütte 400 3.4.3 Polarity and Gothic Metamorphosis 403 3.4.4 Polar-Parametric Gothic Cathedrals 420 3.5 Conclusion: Goethean Morphology and Ecology of Design 431 VI APPENDIX A. PSEUDO CODE FOR EMBRYOGENESIS ALGORITHM 443 APPENDIX B. PSEUDO CODE FOR ONTOGENESIS ALGORITHM 445 REFERENCES 446 VII LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.3.1.1 – Charlotte conversing with Edward at the moss hut. 30 Figure 1.3.1.2 – Edward and the Captain surveying the landscape. 31 Figure 1.3.2.1 – Charlotte, Edward and the Captain discussing the theory of 33 affinities. Figure 1.3.2.2 – The Captain is assisting Charlotte during walks 34 Figure 1.3.2.3 – Edward is playing music with Ottilie. 35 Figure 1.3.2.4 – Edward discussing with Mittler. 38 Figure 1.3.3.1 – Lucienne in tableaux vivant. 40 Figure 1.3.3.2 – Ottilie in the crèche. 40 Figure 1.3.4.1 – Charlotte and Ottilie amusing the baby. 42 Figure 1.3.4.2 – Ottilie hurrying to the summer house with the baby. 45 Figure 1.3.5.1 – The architect by Ottilie’s coffin at the chapel. 46 Figure 1.4.1.1 – An example of Humboldt’s renderings of the landscape 51 showing different plant formations on different altitudes with changing properties (Reprinted after H Berghaus, 1851, Physikalischer Atlas…, vol.V, plate No.1). Figure 1.4.3.1 – Riemer’s sketch for the landscape of the novel [?] (Reprinted 57 from Hühn, Goethe’s Elective Affinities, 97. Original source: Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer [?]: Skizze zu Goethes Roman “Die Wahlverwandtschaften,” [Sketch for Goethe’s Elective Affinities], Goethe and Schiller Archive, Weimar, GSA 78/539,2). Figure 1.4.3.2 – The “compass” of Elective Affinities: A reconstruction of 60 Riemer’s sketch showing the topography, the structures, lakes, paths and views of Edward’s estate. The longitudinal section passes through the manor house, moss hut, the summer house and the lakes. Key structures are highlighted in black, while the contours show height relationships among paths and structures. Figure 1.4.3.3 – The section of the valley in Elective Affinities along north- 61 south axis showing altitudinal relationships of the manor house, the village, the moss hut, the summer house and the lakes. Notice the difference in heights and views that distinguish the structures. Figure 1.4.3.4 – Diagrams showing polarized relationships that structure the 62 landscape. Figure 1.5.1.1 – Jacob Boehme’s representation of his Cosmogony showing 66 the polar opposition at the heart of cosmos (Reprinted from Vierzig Fragen von der Seele [Forty Questions Concerning the Soul], 1620). Figure 1.5.1.1 – Étienne François Geoffroy’s table of relations (Reprinted 69 from “Table des differents rapports observes en chimie entre VIII differentes substances,” in Mémoires de l’Académie royale des sciences (Paris, 1718), 202 – 212. Figure 1.5.2.2 – An example of Bergman’s Schemes, and modern equivalents 71 (Reprinted from Bergman, A Dissertation on Elective Attractions, 1968). Figure 1.5.3.1 – Diagram showing the arrangement and affinity among the 76 characters in chapter eight while they are sitting in the reading room. The dashed arrows indicate the attractive forces and solid arrows show repulsive forces. Characters are shown with initials as Charlotte (Ch), Edward (Ed), Ottilie (Ot), Captain (Ca). Figure 1.5.3.2 – Diagram showing the arrangement and affinity among the 78 characters in chapter ten around the dinner table. The dashed arrows indicate the attractive forces and solid arrows show repulsive forces. Characters are shown with initials as Charlotte (Ch), Edward (Ed), Ottilie (Ot), Captain (Ca). Figure 2.1.1.1 – The annual plant, Goethe’s basic model in his discussion of 99 metamorphosis; plant parts, separated for the purpose of illustration, from top to bottom—pistil, stamens, corolla, calyx, stem leaves, cotyledons, and roots. (Reprinted from Goethe, Metamorphosis of Plants (2009), 9). Figure 2.1.1.2 – Young castor bean plant showing its prominent two 100 embryonic leaves (cotyledons) that differ from the adult leaves.
Recommended publications
  • Bamboo Nail: a Novel Connector for Timber Assemblies

    Bamboo Nail: a Novel Connector for Timber Assemblies

    Tech Science Press DOI: 10.32604/jrm.2021.015193 ARTICLE Bamboo Nail: A Novel Connector for Timber Assemblies Yehan Xu, Zhifu Dong, Chong Jia, Zhiqiang Wang* and Xiaoning Lu* College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China *Corresponding Authors: Zhiqiang Wang. Email: [email protected]; Xiaoning Lu. Email: [email protected] Received: 30 November 2020 Accepted: 18 January 2021 ABSTRACT Nail connection is widely used in engineering and construction fields. In this study, bamboo nail was proposed as a novel connector for timber assemblies. Penetration depth of bamboo nail into wood was predicted and tested. The influence of nail parameters (length, radius and ogive radius) on penetration depth were verified. For both tested and predicted results, the penetration depth of bamboo nail increased with the increasing length, radius or ogive radius. In addition, the effect of densification on penetration depth or mechanical properties was evaluated. 1.12 g/cm3 was a critical density when densification was needed, and further increment of density would decrease the penetration depth of nail. The results of this study manifests that the proposed model is capable to predict the penetration depth of bamboo nail. These findings may provide new insight into efficiently utilization of bamboo resources. KEYWORDS Nail connection; bamboo nail; penetration depth; nail parameter; densification 1 Introduction Facing on energetic and environmental challenges, sustainable materials for structural application have being worldwide used, such as wood and bamboo [1]. The applications of wood and bamboo have significant effect on the global environment, as wood and bamboo can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow [2−4].
  • On the Temporal Dynamics of Spatial Stimulus-Response Transfer Between Spatial Incompatibility and Simon Tasks

    On the Temporal Dynamics of Spatial Stimulus-Response Transfer Between Spatial Incompatibility and Simon Tasks

    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 19 August 2014 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00243 On the temporal dynamics of spatial stimulus-response transfer between spatial incompatibility and Simon tasks Jason Ivanoff 1*, Ryan Blagdon 1, Stefanie Feener 1, Melanie McNeil 1 and Paul H. Muir 2 1 Department of Psychology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada 2 Department of Mathematics and Computing Science, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, Canada Edited by: The Simon effect refers to the performance (response time and accuracy) advantage Dominic Standage, Queen’s for responses that spatially correspond to the task-irrelevant location of a stimulus. It University, Canada has been attributed to a natural tendency to respond toward the source of stimulation. Reviewed by: When location is task-relevant, however, and responses are intentionally directed away Leendert Van Maanen, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (incompatible) or toward (compatible) the source of the stimulation, there is also an Tiffany Cheing Ho, University of advantage for spatially compatible responses over spatially incompatible responses. California, San Francisco, USA Interestingly, a number of studies have demonstrated a reversed, or reduced, Simon effect *Correspondence: following practice with a spatial incompatibility task. One interpretation of this finding Jason Ivanoff, Department of is that practicing a spatial incompatibility task disables the natural tendency to respond Psychology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada toward stimuli. Here, the temporal dynamics of this stimulus-response (S-R) transfer e-mail: [email protected] were explored with speed-accuracy trade-offs (SATs). All experiments used the mixed-task paradigm in which Simon and spatial compatibility/incompatibility tasks were interleaved across blocks of trials.
  • WRAP THESIS Shilliam 1986.Pdf

    WRAP THESIS Shilliam 1986.Pdf

    University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/34806 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. FOREIGN INFLUENCES ON AND INNOVATION IN ENGLISH TOMB SCULPTURE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY by Nicola Jane Shilliam B.A. (Warwick) Ph.D. dissertation Warwick University History of Art September 1986 SUMMARY This study is an investigation of stylistic and iconographic innovation in English tomb sculpture from the accession of King Henry VIII through the first half of the sixteenth century, a period during which Tudor society and Tudor art were in transition as a result of greater interaction with continental Europe. The form of the tomb was moulded by contemporary cultural, temporal and spiritual innovations, as well as by the force of artistic personalities and the directives of patrons. Conversely, tomb sculpture is an inherently conservative art, and old traditions and practices were resistant to innovation. The early chapters examine different means of change as illustrated by a particular group of tombs. The most direct innovations were introduced by the royal tombs by Pietro Torrigiano in Westminster Abbey. The function of Italian merchants in England as intermediaries between Italian artists and English patrons is considered. Italian artists also introduced terracotta to England.
  • Precision Measurement Station

    Precision Measurement Station

    INSTRUCTIONS PRECISION MEASUREMENT STATION Item No. 050078 The Hornady® Precision BILL OF MATERIALS Measurement Station allows the reloader to sort Item No. Part Number Description Qty. components according to size and 1 399750 Comparator Gauge Base 1 quality by comparing bullet ogive 2 399751 Indicator Shaft 1 location, cartridge base to ogive 3 399771 Case Shoulder Holder 1 location, headspace location and 4 399770 Case Head Holder 1 overall case length. In addition, this 5 399758 Comparator Holder 1 6 399762 BHCS, Flanged, 10-32 x 3/8 1 tool provides the reloader the ability 7 399210 BHCS, 10-32 x 1/4 4 to check true bullet to case 8 399759 Dial Indicator Flat Attachment 1 concentricity and identify 9 399764 1/4-20 Lock Nut 4 inconsistencies such as case and 10 399753 Indicator Holder 1 1 bullet dents. The base of the Hornady 11 399754 Indicator Holder 2 1 Precision Measurement Station 12 399763 #6-32 T-Slot Nut 2 weighs nearly eight pounds and has 13 398523 Dial Indicator .0005 1 leveling feet for stability. 14 399752 1/4-20 Rubber Leveling Foot 4 15 69100 Bullet Comparator .224 1 16 69101 Bullet Comparator .243 1 17 69103 Bullet Comparator .257 1 18 69102 Bullet Comparator .264 1 19 69105 Bullet Comparator .277 1 20 69104 Bullet Comparator .284 1 21 69106 Bullet Comparator .308 1 22 399765 8-32 Brass Thumb Screw 1 23 69006 Thumb Screw OAL Comp Headspace 4 24 69024 Headspace Bushing “A” (.330) 1 25 69025 Headspace Bushing “B” (.350) 1 26 69026 Headspace Bushing “C” (.375) 1 27 69027 Headspace Bushing “D” (.400) 1 28 69028 Headspace Bushing “E” (.420) 1 1 EXPLODED VIEW 13 8 22 23 28 21 27 26 10 25 11 24 23 20 19 23 7 18 4 2 17 23 16 6 15 12 5 3 1 9 14 2 CHANGING INDICATOR ATTACHMENTS (REFERENCE EXPLODED VIEW ON PG.
  • Tournai Cathedral

    Tournai Cathedral

    canons and other church functionaries said prayers for the diocese. Services in the Middle Ages would have Tournai Cathedral (Belgium) been rich with sound, movement, colour and fragrance, bringing the Cathedral to life: liturgical No 1009 vestments and ornaments, processions, musical instruments, boys' choirs at the services of Prime and Vespers and the periodic ringing of bells would have made this a "multimedia" performance much appreciated at the time. Today services are led by the bishop on special occasions and by the canons on a daily basis. Over the centuries of uninterrupted Identification worship, the church has accumulated a number of precious objects which are still kept in the Cathedral Nomination Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai and used during services. Location City of Tournai, Province of Hainaut, The Cathedral also fulfils a social function: even today Wallonian Region it is a place of solidarity. In the Middle Ages, religion was closely associated with concern for the less State Party Belgium privileged, expressed in caring for the sick, giving alms, or taking responsibility for the weakest in Date 6 July 1999 society. The city of Tournai still possesses buildings that bear witness to this social function of the church, such as the former hospital of Note-Dame, now the Academy of Fine Arts. Justification by State Party The church's intellectual role is also inextricably In the case of the nave and transept, the early date of linked with the life of the Cathedral and was the elevation to four levels and its subsequent manifested initially in the education of the populace widespread extension meets the criterion of through the preaching of the clergy.
  • Local Romanesque Architecture in Germany and Its Fifteenth-Century Reinterpretation

    Local Romanesque Architecture in Germany and Its Fifteenth-Century Reinterpretation

    Originalveröffentlichung in: Enenkel, Karl A. E. ; Ottenheym, Konrad A. (Hrsgg.): The quest for an appropriate past in literature, art and architecture, Leiden 2019, S. 511-585 (Intersections ; 60) chapter 19 Translating the Past: Local Romanesque Architecture in Germany and Its Fifteenth-Century Reinterpretation Stephan Hoppe The early history of northern Renaissance architecture has long been pre- sented as being the inexorable occurrence of an almost viral dissemination of Italian Renaissance forms and motifs.1 For the last two decades, however, the interconnected and parallel histories of enfolding Renaissance humanism have produced new analytical models of reciprocal exchange and of an ac- tively creative reception of knowledge, ideas, and texts yet to be adopted more widely by art historical research.2 In what follows, the focus will be on a particular part of the history of early German Renaissance architecture, i.e. on the new engagement with the historical – and by then long out-of-date – world of Romanesque architectural style and its possible connections to emerging Renaissance historiography 1 Cf. Hitchcock H.-R., German Renaissance Architecture (Princeton, NJ: 1981). 2 Burke P., The Renaissance (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: 1987); Black R., “Humanism”, in Allmand C. (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, c. 1415–c. 1500, vol. 7 (Cambridge: 1998) 243–277; Helmrath J., “Diffusion des Humanismus. Zur Einführung”, in Helmrath J. – Muhlack U. – Walther G. (eds.), Diffusion des Humanismus. Studien zur nationalen Geschichtsschreibung europäischer Humanisten (Göttingen: 2002) 9–34; Muhlack U., Renaissance und Humanismus (Berlin – Boston: 2017); Roeck B., Der Morgen der Welt. Die Geschichte der Renaissance (Munich: 2017). For more on the field of modern research in early German humanism, see note 98 below.
  • Download Download

    Download Download

    Volume 1, Number 1 (2021) Begriff (Concept) Clark S. Muenzer To cite this article: Muenzer, Clark S. “Begriff (Concept).”Goethe-Lexicon of Philosophical Concepts 1, no. 1 (2021): 20–44. To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.5195/glpc.2021.34 Published by the University Library System, University of Pittsburgh. Entries in this Lexicon are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 United States License. Copyright © the Author(s). Begriff (Concept) The lexeme Begriff1 marks Goethe’s ongoing reconstruction of the traditional philosophical concept across a variety of disciplinary practices. In its most developed articulations, it also works transcendentally to establish the conditions of possibility for thought and intelligibility on a dynamic plane of verbal experimentation and reinven- tion that cuts immanently through the world. Unlike the clear and distinct concepts of rationalist metaphysics, which function as fixed universals beyond the reach of the senses, Goethe’s extensive usages and ongoing con- ceptualizations of Begriff draw on an expressive power within language to generate sequences of cognitive moves and moments of transitional understanding that stand in close relation to each other and can be gathered in graded series to be saved for further observation, description, reflection, and reconfiguration. Through its successive lin- guistic manifestations, moreover, and in line with Goethe’s heterodox approach to systematic philosophy, Begriff lays out force fields of verbal and philosophical activity and discovery with fluid and permeable borders. In ways comparable to the power of reflective judgment in Kant’s third critique, which dispenses with the categories of the understanding and their determining judgments to work intuitively within the world of living forms (Gestalten), Goethe’s lebendiger Begriff (living concept) proves to be a more encompassing structure of thought and its process- es than the conceptual machinery of orthodox metaphysical systems with their regulatory regimes of limit-setting terms.
  • Die Goldene Bulle Politik - Wahrnehmung - Rezeption

    Die Goldene Bulle Politik - Wahrnehmung - Rezeption

    Die Goldene Bulle Politik - Wahrnehmung - Rezeption Band II Herausgegeben von Ulrike Hohensee, Mathias Lawo, Michael Lindner, Michael Mcnzel und Olaf B. Rader Akademie Verlag MICHAEL NIEDERMEIER Goethe und die Goldene Bulle' Als mich Michael Lindner von der Arbeitsstelle der Monumenta Germaniae Histo- rica bat, aus Sicht des Goethe-Forschers einen Beitrag zu Johann Wolfgang von Goethe und seinem Verhältnis zur Goldenen Bulle beizusteuern, war ich zunächst zögerlich. Sicher, so meinte ich mich zu erinnern, hat Goethe in seinen Lebenser- innerungen auch - unter anderem - etwas zur Goldenen Bulle geschrieben. Nach einiger Zeit wurde mir allerdings klar, dass den Historikern der MGH als den Ken- nern der Goldenen Bulle Goethe in diesem Zusammenhang weit öfter begegnet war als mir, ja so muss man eingestehen, der Goethe-Forschung insgesamt. Freilich gibt es im Goethe-Wörterbuch einen Verweis über "Bulle, siehe Goldene Bulle", um dann im Wortartikel "golden" einen eigenen - freilich nur knappen - Eintrag zu erhalten.' Erstaunlich ist jedoch, dass mir in der fast unübersehbaren Goethe- Literatur kein einziger eigenständiger Aufsatz zum Thema begegnete und selbst in den diversen Goethe-Handbüchern nicht einmal ein eigener spezieller Artikel. Im Vorwort der von Wolfgang D. Fritz besorgten Monumenta-Ausgabe.' wird hingegen ausdrücklich Goethes Schilderung der Frankfurter Königswahl Josephs ]1. 1764 in ,Dichtung und Wahrheit' angeführt als Beleg für die Tatsache, dass der Geltungs- bereich der Goldenen Bulle zumindest für das Zeremoniell der Königswahl und das Kurfürstenkolleg noch bis 1806 Geltung besaß. Es zeigte sich, dass Historiker Goethe als eine verlässliche Quelle gebrauchten, während die spezielle germanisti- sche Goethe-Forschung auf den ersten Blick eher wenig beizutragen hat.4 Die leicht überarbeitete Schriftfassung des Vortrages behält den Vortragsgestus bei.
  • Beyond Autonomy in Eighteenth-Century and German Aesthetics

    Beyond Autonomy in Eighteenth-Century and German Aesthetics

    10 Goethe’s Exploratory Idealism Mattias Pirholt “One has to always experiment with ideas.” Georg Christoph Lichtenberg “Everything that exists is an analogue to all existing things.” Johann Wolfgang Goethe Johann Wolfgang Goethe made his famous Italian journey in the late 1780s, approaching his forties, and it was nothing short of life-c hanging. Soon after his arrival in Rome on November 1, 1786, he writes to his mother that he would return “as a new man”1; in the retroactive account of the journey in Italienische Reise, he famously describes his entrance into Rome “as my second natal day, a true rebirth.”2 Latter- day crit- ics essentially confirm Goethe’s reflections, describing the journey and its outcome as “Goethe’s aesthetic catharsis” (Dieter Borchmeyer), “the artist’s self-d iscovery” (Theo Buck), and a “Renaissance of Goethe’s po- etic genius” (Jane Brown).3 Following a decade of frustrating unproduc- tivity, the Italian sojourn unleashed previously unseen creative powers which would deeply affect Goethe’s life and work over the decades to come. Borchmeyer argues that Goethe’s “new existence in Weimar bore an essentially different signature than his pre- Italian one.”4 With this, Borchmeyer refers to a particular brand of neoclassicism known as Wei- mar classicism, Weimarer Klassik, which is less an epochal term, seeing as it covers only a little more than a decade, than a reference to what Gerhard Schulz and Sabine Doering matter-o f- factly call “an episode in the creative history of a group of German writers around 1800.”5 Equally important as the aesthetic reorientation, however, was Goethe’s new- found interest in science, which was also a direct conse- quence of his encounter with the Italian nature.
  • Goethean Science to See the World Differently, in Its Entirety

    Goethean Science to See the World Differently, in Its Entirety

    Goethean Science to See the start somewhere. Immersing ourselves in nature and in art and doing deep organic World Differently, in its agriculture brings us back to the path and Entirety be at one with nature. We all have that innate longing to know the world. To date, we have been seeing the world predominantly through one reductionist way, and this has diminished our connection to the whole. One of the dimensions articulated in Sustainable Agriculture is holistic, integrative science. But do we have the means to achieve this given our current training in thinking and learning, our mental framework, and our educational background? Einstein said that… “We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.” So we need a different kind of science to approach scientific inquiry; not the one or from the program that created chemical based, monocropping type agriculture. Let us see how Goethean Science may be of help. An excerpt of the following articles will give us a glimpse of what it is… Then we see that the mainstream way to science or of knowing the world is a far cry from that which would lead us to the greater and deep truth. It will be a long way to reach the reform that we dream of, but we can *** 1. Goethean Science. http://www.kheper.net/metamorphosis/Goethean.html Goethean science is an approach to knowing the world, that serves as an intuitive or "right brain" (so to speak) complement to the traditional rationalistic "left brain" science… As the name suggests, it was founded by the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), who was in turn influenced by earlier philosophers like Spinoza and Leibniz.
  • Peter J. Schwartz

    Peter J. Schwartz

    Peter J. Schwartz Department of World Languages & 40 Gordon Street Literatures Allston, MA 02134 Boston University Cell: (617) 645-4717 745 Commonwealth Avenue email: [email protected] Boston, MA 02215 Curriculum Vitae, 9/2016 Professional employment 7/2011- Associate Professor of German present Department of Modern Languages and Comparative Literature, Boston University 9/2002- Assistant Professor of German 6/2011 Department of Modern Languages and Comparative Literature, Boston University 09/1996- Preceptor 06/1999 Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, Columbia University 01/1994- Teaching Assistant 05/1996 Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, Columbia University Education 10/2002 Ph.D. in German Literature, Columbia University Dissertation: After Jena: Historical Notes on Goethe's Elective Affinities Advisor: Andreas Huyssen 08/1996 Zomercursus Nederlandse taal en cultuur (Zeist, Netherlands) 02/1996 M.Phil. in German Literature, Columbia University 05/1994 MA in German Literature, Columbia University 05/1989 BA in Modern European and Ancient History (cum laude in General Studies), Harvard College Research languages English, German, French, Dutch, Italian 1 Peter J. Schwartz • CV Courses taught CAS CC 102 Core Humanities I: Antiquity & the Medieval World CAS WR 150 The Social Contract CAS XL 100 Finding a Voice: An Introduction to Literature CAS XL 222 Introduction to Comparative Literature (Western Tradition) CAS XL 351 The Faust Tradition / LG 283 CAS XL 470 Topics in Comparative Literature: Monsters and Robots CAS LG 250 Introduction to German Literature in Translation: The Difficulty of Being Human CAS LG 282/ Marx, Nietzsche, Freud CAS LG 387 Weimar Cinema CAS LG 340 Topics in German Civilization: Germany after 1989 CAS LG 350 Introduction to German Literature: True Crime.
  • Goethes Weltansichten

    Goethes Weltansichten

    Goethes Weltansichten Auch eine Biographie Bearbeitet von Wolf von Engelhardt 1. Auflage 2007. Buch. vi, 378 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 7400 1239 7 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Literatur, Sprache > Literaturwissenschaft: Allgemeines > Einzelne Autoren: Monographien & Biographien Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. 1. Frühe Ahnung FürdieAnsichtenüber Gott, Menschenwelt und Natur, welche Kindheit und Jugend Goethes bestimmten, steht als wichtigste Quelle die Autobiographie Dich- tung und Wahrheit zur Verfügung, die die ersten 26 Jahre seines Lebens umfaßt. Der 62jährige begann sie im Jahre 1811 aufzuzeichnen und setzte diese Arbeit bis in sein letztes Lebensjahr 1832 fort. Für die Benutzung dieser Quelle wird zu berücksich- tigen sein, daß dieses Werk die Geschichte von Kindheit und Jugend so darstellt, wie diese Jahre dem Chronisten noch präsent waren, insoweit er vergangenes Erleben und Geschehen durch das Studium schriftlicher und mündlicher Quellen rekon- struieren konnte, und wie er diese Zeit seines Lebens im Lichte der späten Jahre in die Zusammenhänge der eigenen Biographie und des Zeitgeschehens zu stellen wünschte. Von Büchern allgemeinen Inhalts, aus denen sich die Weltansicht des Knaben nährte, hob der Chronist im Ersten Buch von Dichtung und Wahrheit folgende Werke hervor: Der OrbispictusdesAmosComenius,1 das bis in das 19. Jahrhundert verbreitete Schulbuch, unterrichtete über die Realia der sichtbaren Welt.