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Western Conference on Linguistics Volume Twenty-Three WECOL 2017

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Western Conference on Linguistics Volume Twenty-Three WECOL 2017 Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Western Conference on Linguistics Volume Twenty-Three WECOL 2017 Edited by Michal Temkin Martinez Gail Shuck Tim Thornes Held at: Boise State University October 20 – 21, 2017 Department of Linguistics California State University, Fresno Copyright © 2018 by the “And Lots More Beside[s]”: Analysis of Department of Linguistics besides and in addition to in American and California State University, Fresno British English Corpora Copyright © 2018 by Stacey M. Jacobson Towards an Analysis of DP Structure in Telugu Karuk Agreement Copyright © 2018 by Akshay Aitha Copyright © 2018 by Elango Kumaran To Speak or Not to Speak: A Call for The Grammar of Space in Northern Paiute Meaningful Distance-learning Materials for Narrative Peripheral Heritage Language Learners Copyright © 2018 by Hannah Masson and Copyright © 2018 by Bri Alexander Christina Trouten The Impact of Visual--Spatial Awareness on Measure Phrases in Spanish Second the L2 Reading Ability of a Bilingual Child Language Learners and Heritage Speakers Copyright © 2018 by Afnan Alghamdi Copyright © 2018 by Mythili Menon and Rachel Showstack Simplification and Complexity in the Interlanguage of Equatorial Guinean Interaction of Merge and Labeling: Spanish Consequences for Hyperraising Copyright © 2018 by Omar Beas and Lillie Copyright © 2018 by Manabu Mizuguchi Essah The Tongva Series II Pronominal Clitics Case Stacking as a Post-syntactic Operation Once Again Copyright © 2018 by Yitong Chen Copyright © 2018 by Pamela Munro “It’s More Complicated than That”: Yo and the Rhetorical Interpretation Women’s Constructions of Non-Normative Copyright © 2018 by Takeshi Oguro Sexual Identity Copyright © 2018 by Christopher Dale The Language of Ritual: Selected Tongva Etymologies Uto-Aztecan Lexicostatistics 2.0 Copyright © 2018 by Brent Scarcliff Copyright © 2018 by Jason D. Haugen, Michael Everdell, and Benjamin A. Constraints on Verbs in Series Kuperman Copyright © 2018 by Ronald P. Schaefer and Francis Egbokhare Comparative Takic: Absolutive Suffix Vocalism The Changing of Arabic Terminology in Copyright © 2018 by Kenneth C. Hill and Times of War and Displacement Jane H. Hill Copyright © 2018 by Jamillah Sleiman and Mythili Menon Refugee Parenting and Language: An Analysis Using the Family Stress Model Obviation in Karuk Copyright © 2018 by Anna Holdiman and Copyright © 2018 by Ashley Tomlinson April S. Masarik Contents Towards an Analysis of DP Structure in Telugu ......................................................................... 1 Akshay Aitha To Speak or Not to Speak: A Call for Meaningful Distance-learning Materials for Peripheral Heritage Language Learners ...................................................................................................... 11 Bri Alexander The Impact of Visual--Spatial Awareness on the L2 Reading Ability of a Bilingual Child ..... 18 Afnan Alghamdi Simplification and Complexity in the Interlanguage of Equatorial Guinean Spanish ............... 23 Omar Beas and Lillie Essah Case Stacking as a Post-syntactic Operation ............................................................................. 35 Yitong Chen “It’s More Complicated than That”: Women’s Constructions of Non-Normative Sexual Identity ....................................................................................................................................... 47 Christopher Dale Uto-Aztecan Lexicostatistics 2.0 ............................................................................................... 56 Jason D. Haugen, Michael Everdell, and Benjamin A. Kuperman Comparative Takic: Absolutive Suffix Vocalism ...................................................................... 66 Kenneth C. Hill and Jane H. Hill Refugee Parenting and Language: An Analysis Using the Family Stress Model ...................... 74 Anna Holdiman and April S. Masarik “And Lots More Beside[s]”: Analysis of besides and in addition to in American and British English Corpora ......................................................................................................................... 79 Stacey M. Jacobson Karuk Agreement ....................................................................................................................... 85 Elango Kumaran The Grammar of Space in Northern Paiute Narrative Domains ............................................... 95 Hannah Masson and Christina Trouten Measure Phrases in Spanish Second Language Learners and Heritage Speakers ..................... 99 Mythili Menon and Rachel Showstack Interaction of Merge and Labeling: Consequences for Hyperraising ...................................... 110 Manabu Mizuguchi The Tongva Series II Pronominal Clitics Once Again ............................................................ 122 Pamela Munro Yo and the Rhetorical Interpretation ........................................................................................ 130 Takeshi Oguro The Language of Ritual: Selected Tongva Etymologies ......................................................... 139 Brent Scarcliff Constraints on Verbs in Series ................................................................................................. 151 Ronald P. Schaefer and Francis Egbokhare The Changing of Arabic Terminology in Times of War and Displacement ............................ 157 Jamillah Sleiman and Mythili Menon Obviation in Karuk .................................................................................................................. 167 Ashley Tomlinson Towards an Analysis of DP Structure in Telugu Akshay Aitha University of California, Berkeley 1 Introduction Telugu (tel, South-Central Dravidian) does not feature definite or indefinite articles. The bare nomi- nal argument can have either a definite or an indefinite interpretation depending on context. (1) kukka naDus-tun-di dog walk-PROG-3SG.NHUM (A/The) dog is walking. I posit, contra claims made by Boskovic (2006) that languages without overt articles do not have DPs, that Telugu does in fact show evidence for a DP layer. To do this, I will show that the bolded phi-agreement morphemes1 in the below examples are nominative-case-marking clitics of category D in whose specifier position are found Telugu pronouns2, and that the accusative and dative case markers are also of this category. I support this conclusion using facts about intra-nominal agreement, the distribution of the morphemes in question, and general word order in Telugu complex subjects. (2) a. fmeemu padi-mandi pilla-la=mugDP idi cees-tunnaa-mu 1PL.EXCL.PRO ten-HUM child-PL-1PL.NOM this do-PROG-1PL We ten children are doing this. b. fneenu okkaDi=nigDP idi cees-tunnaa-nu 1SG.PRO alone-1SG.NOM this do-PROG-1SG I alone am doing this. c. fnuwwu okkaDi=wigDP idi cees-tunnaa-wu 2SG.PRO alone=2SG.NOM this do-PROG-2SG You (sg) alone are doing this. In doing this, I also argue for the DP structure shown below: (3) fmeemu padi-mandi pilla-la=mug 1PL.EXCL.PRO ten-HUM child-PL-1PL.NOM We ten children *I would like to acknowledge the comments given to me by the audience at WECOL 2017 and at the weekly Syntax & Semantics Circle in my home department at UC Berkeley. 1Besides first-person plural, first-person singular, and second-person singular, the rest of the paradigm is null. For example: fmiiru padi-mandi pilla-lu-øg idi cees-tunnaa-ru 2PL.PRO.NOM ten-HUM child-PL-2PL.NOM this do-PROG-2PL You ten children are doing this. 2For sentences like (1) which do not have any pronouns or any concord-like suffixes, I posit that D is null and has default features, and that its specifier position is empty. 1 c 2018 Akshay Aitha Proceedings of WECOL 2017 Bri Alexander To Speak or Not to Speak classified by UNESCO in Moseley (2010). Lewis, Simons and Fennig (2017) rate Cherokee as a 6b on their endangered scale, meaning that although the language is spoken intergenerationally, the language is losing speakers. However, Lewis, Simons, and Fennig’s (2017) rating does not take into account actual, recent work done in the community to assess the language situation. Scancarelli (1986) and Montgomery- Anderson (2015), both active in Cherokee language work, have found that there are consistently no speakers under the age of 40 and that the language is not being transmitted in the home. Therefore, a better place to rate Cherokee would be at a 7 on the GIDS Typology (Fishman, 1991), placing Cherokee as a more endangered language than what Lewis, Simons, and Fennig (2017) assert. 2.2 Current revitalization efforts The rate of language attrition might seem shocking to some at first due to the immense variety of resources available to language learners, from online and technological resources to plenty of printed materials and in-person classes. The Cherokee Nation offers online language classes where students can see a live video of a fluent speaker going through a PowerPoint presentation of ten phrases, as well as numerous downloadable resources and an easy-to-use word list (although it is not extensive). The United Keetowah Band of Cherokees has documents with traditional stories available for free. A couple of mobile apps exist, as well as a Cherokee keyboard for smart phones and Microsoft software. Another online class, created by speakers, teaches grammar and tone through uploaded videos and a textbook. For printed materials, a reference grammar has been published, as well as a Cherokee-English dictionary. The Cherokee Phoenix is still circulating, as well as a magazine called Anadisgoi, with both featuring the Cherokee
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