DOCSLIB.ORG

Multimodal Translation Analysis: Arab Spring Speeches in Arabic and English

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Multimodal Translation Analysis: Arab Spring Speeches in Arabic and English Multimodal Translation Analysis: Arab Spring Speeches in Arabic and English by Asmaa Alduhaim A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHLOSOPHY Department of Modern Languages School of Languages, Cultures, Art History and Music College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham November 2017 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract In the contemporary globalized world, translation plays a key role in sharing news across the globe, in particular in the age of multimedia, where meaning is transferred through various modes and genres. This study focuses on two Arab Spring speeches of Mummar Algaddafi’s and Hosni Mubarak’s and their translations in different media. The thesis initially conducts a comparative study of the source texts (STs), including a textual/contextual analysis drawing on Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, and on Gunther Kress’ multimodal analysis. This is followed by examining the target texts (TTs) to investigate the inventible changes that occur during the translation process, particularly if the translation involves not only a transfer of meaning from Arabic to English but also from mode to mode (such as, speaking to writing) and genre to genre (a political speech to a newspaper article). The thesis introduces the Multimodal Translation Analysis model to investigate the following aspects of the TTs: linguistic aspects of the TTs, the TT’s multimodal qualities, and, drawing on Mona Baker’s narrative theory, the role of dominant narratives in the shaping of the TT. i Dedication To my awesome mom and dad, thank you for everything. I love you! ii Acknowledgements َ"و ْاش ُك ُرواَنِ ْع َمتََ ََّاّللََِإِنَ ُكنتُ ْمََإِ َّي ُاهََتَ ْعبُدُ َونَ" I would like to start by praising God, Most High, for this opportunity and ability to complete this Ph.D thesis, something that I could only have dreamt of just a few years ago. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Dr Natalia Rulyova, for her invaluable support and guidance. Her knowledge and dedication is an inspiration to me, and has always motivated me to strive for the highest standards. I sincerely thank her for her confidence in me, and her constant encouragement and support throughout these years. Without her support, this thesis could never have been completed. I would also like to thank my co-supervisor Dr Hanem El-Farahaty, whose passion, dedication and insight has helped me at every stage along the way. She is indeed, an inspiring seeker of knowledge that has no boundaries. She helped me throughout the thesis, and her close supervision yielded a firm determination on my side to do my best. Her guidance and advice were the assets upon which the dissertation was developed to reach its current status. I am also grateful to Prf. James Dickins and Dr Basil Hatim for their support and for the knowledge that they have passed on to me, and Dr Sameh Hanna, Dr Hassane Lounis and Dr Saad Bin Tiflah for their encouragement. I am very grateful to them all. I am also indebted to Muman Saleh for being a reliable help in the reviewing of the translation and in the understanding of Libyan affairs. I would also like to extend my gratitude to my PhD colleagues whose company has been most enjoyable and inspiring. It has been a pleasure. Finally, and most importantly, I would like to thank my wonderful parents for their continuous love and support, and without whom I could never have achieved this. My words of gratitude go to my lovely sister Anwar and her husband Mohammad, my great brothers Mohammad and Abdulrahman and his wife Dalal, and all my family, especially my grandmother. A big thank you to my amazing friends in Kuwait, namely Bashayer Alwazzan, Mai Al-Jaidan, Nada Al-Abdullah and Salma Khajah, for their support and love, I love you all! Without the help of the above and many others whom I cannot mention in one page, the writing of this thesis would not have been possible. iii Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................. i Dedication ........................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ iv Index of Appendices ........................................................................................................ viii List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... x Note on Transliteration, Glossing and Translation ............................................................. xi Chapter One Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Scope of the Study..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Orientation to Previous Research ............................................................................... 3 1.3 The Aim of the Study ................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Thesis Structure ......................................................................................................... 6 Chapter Two The Journey of the Arab Spring ................................................................. 10 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 10 2.2 Timeline of the Arab Spring .................................................................................... 11 2.3 What Triggered the Arab Spring? ............................................................................ 13 2.3.1 Oppression and the Hunger for Freedom .......................................................... 14 2.3.2 Famine, Unemployment and Social Justice ..................................................... 15 2.4 The Power of Social Media ...................................................................................... 19 2.5 The Aftermath of the Arab Spring ........................................................................... 21 2.6 The Rise and Fall of Two Arab Tyrants .................................................................. 22 2.6.1 Libya ................................................................................................................. 23 2.6.2 Egypt ................................................................................................................. 30 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 39 Chapter Three Political Discourse .................................................................................... 41 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 41 3.2 Political Discourse ................................................................................................... 42 3.2.1 Political Speeches ............................................................................................. 43 3.2.2 English Political Discourse ............................................................................... 44 3.3 Arabic Political Discourse ....................................................................................... 50 3.3.1 Arabic Language: Standard Versus Colloquial................................................. 50 3.3.2 Features of Arabic Political Speeches ............................................................... 53 iv 3.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 64 Chapter Four Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 67 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 67 4.2 Political Language and Critical Discourse Analysis ................................................ 67 4.2.1 Political Discourse Analysis ............................................................................. 67 4.2.2 Fairclough: Language and Power ..................................................................... 68 4.3 Incorporating Political Discourse Analysis into Translation ................................... 75 4.4 Multimodality: A Social Semiotic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Power and the People Charles Tripp Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80965-8 — The Power and the People Charles Tripp Index More Information Index Abbas, Ferhat, 23 Al Khalifa, Salman bin Hamad, crown Abbas, Mahmoud, president of the prince of Bahrain, 112–14 Palestinian National Authority, Aleppo 124 citadel, 19 Abbasgholizadeh, Mahboubeh, 209 killing of Alawi officer cadets (1979), 54 Abd al-Jalil, Mustafa, leader of the Alexandria National Transitional Council protest demonstrations (1977), 134, (Libya), 65, 67 149, 154 Abd al-Qadir, Amir, 24 protest demonstrations (2011), 71, 92, Abdel-Fattah, Israa, 98 94–5, 97, 99, 104 Abdi, Abed, 279–80 Alexandroni Brigade, 230. See also Abdoun, Hamid, 284. See also Algeria: Tantura killings (1948) Aouchem art movement Algeria Abdul-Aziz, Mustafa, 162 Algerian League of Human Rights, 246 Abdullah I, king of Jordan, 28 Algiers riots (1988), 134 Abdullah II, king of Jordan, 213 Aouchem art movement, 244, 284–6 Abeling, Johannes Armée de Libération Nationale (ALN), ‘Khan Yunis, Gaza Strip’ (2005), 302 22, 238, 241 Abu `Aisha, Dareen, 207 Armée Islamique du Salut (AIS), 249 Abu Iyad (Salah Khalaf), 29 Berber Spring (1980), 237–40, 245–6, al-Adly, Habib, 96 251 Adnan, Etel Black Spring (2001), 247 ‘Blessed Day’ (1990), 290 Constitution (1963), 241 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, president of European settlers, 22–4 Iran, 82–6, 179, 193, 197, 199, Front de Libération Nationale (FLN), 301 16, 22–4, 30, 33, 136, 221, 237–47, Ait Ahmed, Hocine, 241–2, 245. See also 249, 251, 254–5, 285–6 Algeria: Front des Forces Socialistes party congress (1983), 246 (FFS) Front des Forces Socialistes (FFS), Ait Manguellet, Lounis, 244 241–2, 245, 248 al-Akhal, Tamam, 281 Front Islamique du Salut (FIS), 241 Akmoun, Mustafa, 285.
    [Show full text]
  • People's Power
    #2 May 2011 Special Issue PersPectives Political analysis and commentary from the Middle East PeoPle’s Power the arab world in revolt Published by the Heinrich Böll stiftung 2011 This work is licensed under the conditions of a Creative Commons license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. You can download an electronic version online. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work under the following conditions: Attribution - you must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work); Noncommercial - you may not use this work for commercial purposes; No Derivative Works - you may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. editor-in-chief: Layla Al-Zubaidi editors: Doreen Khoury, Anbara Abu-Ayyash, Joachim Paul Layout: Catherine Coetzer, c2designs, Cédric Hofstetter translators: Mona Abu-Rayyan, Joumana Seikaly, Word Gym Ltd. cover photograph: Gwenael Piaser Printed by: www.coloursps.com Additional editing, print edition: Sonya Knox Opinions expressed in articles are those of their authors, and not HBS. heinrich böll Foundation – Middle east The Heinrich Böll Foundation, associated with the German Green Party, is a legally autonomous and intellectually open political foundation. Our foremost task is civic education in Germany and abroad with the aim of promoting informed democratic opinion, socio-political commitment and mutual understanding. In addition, the Heinrich Böll Foundation supports artistic, cultural and scholarly projects, as well as cooperation in the development field. The political values of ecology, democracy, gender democracy, solidarity and non-violence are our chief points of reference.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of Margaret Thatcher British Politics and Policy May 2013
    The Legacy of Margaret Thatcher British Politics and Policy May 2013 0 British Politics and Policy at LSE eCollections British Politics and Policy at LSE eCollections bring together key articles from the blog on specific themes so they can be downloaded and read as a short series. We hope these will form a useful resource for academics, students and those interested in particular issues that are covered more extensively online. We welcome comments and suggestions as to themes for future eCollections. Introduction On April 8th 2013 Margaret Thatcher, the UK’s first female Prime Minister, died at the age of 87. She was a divisive and controversial figure, lionised by some and reviled by others, yet the unique role she played in British political history was recognised by all. She established a new common sense within British politics, replacing the old post-war consensus with a new regime orientated towards free markets, privatisation and labour flexibility. This eCollection draws together a range of commentators who reflect on this legacy, as well as the life and career of the woman herself. The articles contained herein give the views of the author(s), and not the position of the British Politics and Policy at LSE blog, nor of the London School of Economics. Creative Commons All of our articles are also published under the Creative Commons licence, (CC BY-NC- ND 2.0) and other blogs and publications are free to use them, with attribution. If you do not wish for your article to be republished anywhere else, please let us know.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Information and Guidance Libya: Actual Or Perceived Gaddafi Clan Members/Loyalists 19 August 2014
    Country Information and Guidance Libya: Actual or perceived Gaddafi clan members/loyalists 19 August 2014 Preface This document provides guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling claims made by nationals/residents of Libya, as well as country of origin information (COI) about Libya. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether - in the event of a claim being refused - it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the guidance contained with this document; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Within this instruction, links to specific guidance are those on the Home Office’s internal system. Public versions of these documents are available at https://www.gov.uk/immigration- operational-guidance/asylum-policy. Country Information The COI within this document has been compiled from a wide range of external information sources (usually) published in English. Consideration has been given to the relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability of the information and wherever possible attempts have been made to corroborate the information used across independent sources, to ensure accuracy. All sources cited have been referenced in footnotes. It has been researched and presented with reference to the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, dated July 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • OPENING PANDORA's BOX David Cameron's Referendum Gamble On
    OPENING PANDORA’S BOX David Cameron’s Referendum Gamble on EU Membership Credit: The Economist. By Christina Hull Yale University Department of Political Science Adviser: Jolyon Howorth April 21, 2014 Abstract This essay examines the driving factors behind UK Prime Minister David Cameron’s decision to call a referendum if the Conservative Party is re-elected in 2015. It addresses the persistence of Euroskepticism in the United Kingdom and the tendency of Euroskeptics to generate intra-party conflict that often has dire consequences for Prime Ministers. Through an analysis of the relative impact of political strategy, the power of the media, and British public opinion, the essay argues that addressing party management and electoral concerns has been the primary influence on David Cameron’s decision and contends that Cameron has unwittingly unleashed a Pandora’s box that could pave the way for a British exit from the European Union. Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank the Bates Summer Research Fellowship, without which I would not have had the opportunity to complete my research in London. To Professor Peter Swenson and the members of The Senior Colloquium, Gabe Botelho, Josh Kalla, Gabe Levine, Mary Shi, and Joel Sircus, who provided excellent advice and criticism. To Professor David Cameron, without whom I never would have discovered my interest in European politics. To David Fayngor, who flew halfway across the world to keep me company during my summer research. To my mom for her unwavering support and my dad for his careful proofreading. And finally, to my adviser Professor Jolyon Howorth, who worked with me on this project for over a year and a half.
    [Show full text]
  • Kuwaittimes 25-4-2018 .Qxp Layout 1
    SHAABAN 9, 1439 AH WEDNESDAY, APRIL 25, 2018 Max 33º 32 Pages Min 22º 150 Fils Established 1961 ISSUE NO: 17515 The First Daily in the Arabian Gulf www.kuwaittimes.net Kuwait submits ratified copy of Thirsty to thriving? Parched Pak Libya women footballers Liverpool hit five past 2 Paris Climate Agreement to UN 18 port aims to become new Dubai 32 struggle on and off pitch 16 Roma as Salah runs riot Philippines apologizes to Kuwait over ‘maid rescues’, envoy to stay MP claims labor row ‘cover’ for money laundering By Ben Garcia, B Izzak and Agencies responding to complaints of abuse from some of the 260,000 Filipinos working in Kuwait. “This was all MANILA: The Philippines’ top diplomat apologized done in the spirit of emergency action to protect yesterday after videos emerged of embassy staff help- Filipinos,” he said, stating that the embassy staff ing Filipinos flee from allegedly abusive employers in believed they were dealing with “life-or-death” situa- Kuwait. Kuwait had branded the rescues a violation of tions. “We respect Kuwaiti sovereignty and laws, but its sovereignty, adding fuel to a simmering diplomatic the welfare of Filipino workers is also very important,” row between the two nations sparked by the murder of Cayetano said, adding Kuwait had accepted the a Philippine maid. The first of two clips, which spread Philippines’ explanation. on social media after being released by the Philippine Some 10 million Filipinos work abroad and the mon- foreign ministry last week, shows a woman running ey they remit back is a lifeline of the Philippine econo- from a home and jumping into a waiting vehicle.
    [Show full text]
  • Six Mois De Guerre Civile En Libye
    ÉTUDES, REPORTAGES, RÉFLEXIONS SIX MOIS DE GUERRE CIVILE EN LIBYE ■ ADRIEN JAULMES ■ ls étaient descendus sans armes dans les rues en février der- nier pour manifester contre le régime de Kadhafi . Ils étaient Iétudiants, informaticiens, coiffeurs, employés, footballeurs, réclamant un peu plus de liberté, comme leurs voisins tunisiens et égyptiens. Six mois plus tard, les manifestants sont devenus des gué- rilleros, et paradent dans Tripoli les armes à la main, juchés sur des pick-up équipés de mitrailleuses lourdes et de canons sans recul, tirant en l’air des rafales de joie. La révolution libyenne a commencé comme en Tunisie et en Égypte, par des manifestations non violentes. Mais au lieu de déboucher sur la chute rapide du dictateur, elle a tourné à la guerre civile, et le printemps libyen à l’été meurtrier. Au lieu de quelques semaines de protestations, il a fallu aux Libyens six mois de combats et l’appui aérien des Occidentaux pour se débarrasser enfi n d’un dictateur aussi violent que tenace. La Libye sort profondément bouleversée de ces six mois de guerre civile. Ce petit pays à la population paisible, conservateur 17 11110ETUDES015.indd110ETUDES015.indd 1717 114/09/114/09/11 111:311:31 ÉTUDES, REPORTAGES, RÉFLEXIONS Six mois de guerre civile en Libye et bourré de pétrole, aurait dû selon toute logique connaître un destin comparable à celui d’un émirat tranquille du golfe Arabo- persique. L’apparition, à la fi n des années soixante-dix, comme une comète dans le ciel politique libyen, de Mouammar Kadhafi , l’un des plus fantasques et des plus brutaux dirigeants arabes contem- porains, a complètement bouleversé ce scénario.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE the Arab Spring Abroad
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Arab Spring Abroad: Mobilization among Syrian, Libyan, and Yemeni Diasporas in the U.S. and Great Britain DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Sociology by Dana M. Moss Dissertation Committee: Distinguished Professor David A. Snow, Chair Chancellor’s Professor Charles Ragin Professor Judith Stepan-Norris Professor David S. Meyer Associate Professor Yang Su 2016 © 2016 Dana M. Moss DEDICATION To my husband William Picard, an exceptional partner and a true activist; and to my wonderfully supportive and loving parents, Nancy Watts and John Moss. Thank you for everything, always. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ACRONYMS iv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii CURRICULUM VITAE viii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xiv INTRODUCTION 1 PART I: THE DYNAMICS OF DIASPORA MOVEMENT EMERGENCE CHAPTER 1: Diaspora Activism before the Arab Spring 30 CHAPTER 2: The Resurgence and Emergence of Transnational Diaspora Mobilization during the Arab Spring 70 PART II: THE ROLES OF THE DIASPORAS IN THE REVOLUTIONS 126 CHAPTER 3: The Libyan Case 132 CHAPTER 4: The Syrian Case 169 CHAPTER 5: The Yemeni Case 219 PART III: SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF THE ARAB SPRING CHAPTER 6: The Effects of Episodic Transnational Mobilization on Diaspora Politics 247 CHAPTER 7: Conclusion and Implications 270 REFERENCES 283 ENDNOTES 292 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS FSA Free Syria Army ISIS The Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham, or Daesh NFSL National Front for the Salvation
    [Show full text]
  • Market Segmentation and Selective Exposure in Online News
    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Broken News: Market Segmentation and Selective Exposure in Online News Deidra Lee Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Interdisciplinary Arts and Media Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/564 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2013 Deidra J. Lee All Rights Reserved BROKEN NEWS: MARKET SEGMENTATION AND SELECTIVE EXPOSURE IN ONLINE NEWS A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University By DEIDRA J. LEE B.A. Virginia State University M.A. Old Dominion University Marcus Messner, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism, VCU School of Mass Communications Ann Creighton-Zollar, Ph.D. VCU College of Humanities and Sciences, Emerita Richard Fine, Ph.D. Professor of English, VCU College of Humanities and Sciences Judy VanSlyke-Turk, Ph.D. VCU School of Mass Communications, Emerita Sara Wilson McKay, Ph.D. Art Education Chair, VCU School of the Arts Virginia Commonwealth University November 2013 ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I thank God for supplying me with the spiritual strength to endure this entire doctoral process and for blessing me with a wonderful family. None of my accomplishments would be possible without Monroe, Eleanor, Vincent, Marie, David, Patricia and Daphne.
    [Show full text]
  • The Collective Responsibility of Ministers, and by Extension, of the Government Side of the Two Houses
    RESEARCH PAPER 04/82 The collective 15 NOVEMBER 2004 responsibility of Ministers- an outline of the issues This paper offers an introduction to the convention of collective Cabinet, or ministerial, responsibility and explores in general terms this important constitutional topic. The paper examines both the historical development and the principles and content of collective responsibility. It also covers exemptions from the principle of unanimity such as ‘free votes’ and the ‘agreements to differ’ of 1932, 1975 and 1977. The Paper also examines breaches of the principle of confidentiality, such as ex-ministerial memoirs and the leaking of information to the media. It does not seek to provide a comprehensive analysis of ministerial responsibility or Parliamentary accountability, and should be read as a companion paper to Research Paper 04/31, Individual ministerial responsibility of Ministers- issues and examples This Paper updates and replaces Research Paper 96/55. Oonagh Gay Thomas Powell PARLIAMENT AND CONSTITUTION CENTRE HOUSE OF COMMONS LIBRARY Recent Library Research Papers include: 04/66 The Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe: Part I 06.09.04 04/67 Economic Indicators, September 2004 06.09.04 04/68 Children Bill [HL] [Bill 144 of 2003–04] 10.09.04 04/69 Unemployment by Constituency, August 2004 15.09.04 04/70 Income, Wealth & Inequality 15.09.04 04/71 The Defence White Paper 17.09.04 04/72 The Defence White Paper: Future Capabilities 17.09.04 04/73 The Mental Capacity Bill [Bill 120 of 2003-04] 05.10.04 04/74 Social Indicators
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Violence and the Us Military: the Melodramatic Mythos of War
    SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND THE U.S. MILITARY: THE MELODRAMATIC MYTHOS OF WAR AND RHETORIC OF HEALING HEROISM Valerie N. Wieskamp Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Communication and Culture, Indiana University April 2015 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee _________________________ Chair: Robert Terrill, Ph.D. _________________________ Purnima Bose, Ph.D. _________________________ Robert Ivie, Ph.D. _________________________ Phaedra Pezzullo, Ph.D. April 1, 2014 ii © Copyright 2015 Valerie N. Wieskamp iii Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the help of colleagues, friends, and family, a few of which deserve special recognition here. I am forever grateful to my dissertation advisor, Dr. Robert Terrill. His wisdom and advice on my research and writing throughout both this project and my tenure as a graduate student has greatly enhanced my academic career. I would also like to express my gratitude to my dissertation committee, Dr. Robert Ivie, Dr. Phaedra Pezzullo, Dr. Purnima Bose, and the late Dr. Alex Doty for the sage advice they shared throughout this project. I am indebted to my dissertation-writing group, Dr. Jennifer Heusel, Dr. Jaromir Stoll, Dave Lewis, and Maria Kennedy. The input and camaraderie I received from them while writing my dissertation bettered both the quality of my work and my enjoyment of the research process. I am also fortunate to have had the love and support of my parents, John and Debbie Wieskamp, as well as my sisters, Natalie and Ashley while completing my doctorate degree.
    [Show full text]
  • DEATH of a DICTATOR Bloody Vengeance in Sirte WATCH
    HUMAN RIGHTS DEATH OF A DICTATOR Bloody Vengeance in Sirte WATCH Death of a Dictator Bloody Vengeance in Sirte Copyright © 2012 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-952-6 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org OCTOBER 2012 ISBN: 1-56432-952-6 Death of a Dictator Bloody Vengeance in Sirte Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations .............................................................................................................14 I. Background ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]