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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE the Arab Spring Abroad
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Arab Spring Abroad: Mobilization among Syrian, Libyan, and Yemeni Diasporas in the U.S. and Great Britain DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Sociology by Dana M. Moss Dissertation Committee: Distinguished Professor David A. Snow, Chair Chancellor’s Professor Charles Ragin Professor Judith Stepan-Norris Professor David S. Meyer Associate Professor Yang Su 2016 © 2016 Dana M. Moss DEDICATION To my husband William Picard, an exceptional partner and a true activist; and to my wonderfully supportive and loving parents, Nancy Watts and John Moss. Thank you for everything, always. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ACRONYMS iv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii CURRICULUM VITAE viii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xiv INTRODUCTION 1 PART I: THE DYNAMICS OF DIASPORA MOVEMENT EMERGENCE CHAPTER 1: Diaspora Activism before the Arab Spring 30 CHAPTER 2: The Resurgence and Emergence of Transnational Diaspora Mobilization during the Arab Spring 70 PART II: THE ROLES OF THE DIASPORAS IN THE REVOLUTIONS 126 CHAPTER 3: The Libyan Case 132 CHAPTER 4: The Syrian Case 169 CHAPTER 5: The Yemeni Case 219 PART III: SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF THE ARAB SPRING CHAPTER 6: The Effects of Episodic Transnational Mobilization on Diaspora Politics 247 CHAPTER 7: Conclusion and Implications 270 REFERENCES 283 ENDNOTES 292 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS FSA Free Syria Army ISIS The Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham, or Daesh NFSL National Front for the Salvation -
V Derry City
Bohemian FC v Derry City Friday 30 April 2021 Dalymount Park Kick off 19:45 Official Programme Vol. 73 No. 4 / €4 Tyreke WIlson Defender Club Directory Bohemian Football Club, Dalymount Park, Phibsborough, Dublin 7, D07 YXWO Tel: 868 0923 / Email: [email protected] Web: www.bohemians.ie Head of Fitness & Conditioning Head Academy Athletic Remy Tang Development Coach First Team Sports Scientist Paul McGrath Aidan Conroy Event Controller 6 September 1890 Medical Team - Phil Dwyer- Pulse Club Medical Doctor Safety Offcer Honorary Secretary Dr. Fiona Dennehy Paddy Byas - Pulse Stephen Lambert Club Physiotherapist Bohemian Foundation Membership Director Dr. Paul Kirwan Thomas Hynes, Chris Brien, Cormac O’Reilly Club Sports Masseur Jeff Conway, Barbara Conway, John Community Director Rob Murray Colleary, Stephen Burke Thomas Hynes Club Kit Manager Supporter Liaison Offcer Gerry Sexton PR & Media Relations Colin O’Connor Luke O’Riordan Assistant Kit Manager Disability Access Offcer & Aaron Fitzsimons Sight Loss Commentator Youth Director James Flanagan Conor Emerson Video Analysis John Bohan Stadium Announcers GPS Manager Commercial Director Larry Rogan, Stephen Dornan Matt Devaney Cathal Muircheartaigh Pitchside MC Paul Duffy Bar Director Under 19 Team Manager Gavin Teehan Webmaster Luke O’Riordan Fintan Kennedy Under 19 Coaches Programme Editor & Production Chief Operating Offcer Mark Anderson, Paul O’Reilly, Willie Alan Bird Daniel Lambert Tyrrell Photographers Lead Administrator & Under 17 Team Manager Stephen Burke, Eddie Lennon, Club -
Pen International Writers in Prison Committee Caselist
PEN INTERNATIONAL WRITERS IN PRISON COMMITTEE CASELIST January-December 2013 PEN International Writers in Prison Committee 50/51 High Holborn London WC1V 6ER United Kingdom Tel: + 44 020 74050338 Fax: + 44 020 74050339 e-mail: [email protected] web site: www.pen-international.org PEN INTERNATIONAL CHARTER The P.E.N. Charter is based on resolutions passed at its International Congresses and may be summarised as follows: P.E.N. affirms that: 1. Literature knows no frontiers and must remain common currency among people in spite of political or international upheavals. 2. In all circumstances, and particularly in time of war, works of art, the patrimony of humanity at large, should be left untouched by national or political passion. 3. Members of P.E.N. should at all times use what influence they have in favour of good understanding and mutual respect between nations; they pledge themselves to do their utmost to dispel race, class and national hatreds, and to champion the ideal of one humanity living in peace in one world. 4. P.E.N. stands for the principle of unhampered transmission of thought within each nation and between all nations, and members pledge themselves to oppose any form of suppression of freedom of expression in the country and community to which they belong, as well as throughout the world wherever this is possible. P.E.N. declares for a free press and opposes arbitrary censorship in time of peace. It believes that the necessary advance of the world towards a more highly organized political and economic order renders a free criticism of governments, administrations and institutions imperative. -
Societal Insecurity Is Because of Demographic Issues
SEEING SECURITY: SOCIETAL SECURITIZATION IN QATAR A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Jennifer Carol Heeg, M.A. Washington, D.C. March 2, 2010 Copyright 2010 by Jennifer Carol Heeg All Rights Reserved i SEEING SECURITY: SOCIETAL SECURITIZATION IN THE GULF Jennifer Carol Heeg, M.A. Dissertation Advisor: Anthony Clark Arend, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation applies securitization theory to Qatari society, and develops a new regime type, the ―laissez faire autocracy.‖ Qatari society is securitized against the constructed threats of Western influence and South Asian migrant labor. Four advances to securitization theory are made in this non-Western, non-democratic context. First, this project deconstructs Western-centric notions of ―strong‖ and ―weak‖ states in the context of securitization. Second, securitization theory‘s privileging of the speech-act is subsumed into a larger discussion of action, because in states without full freedom of speech, actions often do speak louder than words. Third, the case study is an example of institutionalized securitization, because rigid ethnic/tribal conceptions of ―Qatari society‖ have led to a politics of exclusion with regards to migration and outside influence. Fourth and finally, securitization theory‘s focus on decision-making and audience is called into question; the power of decision-making is purposely vague in a laissez faire autocracy, and securitization is highly intersubjective. At a policy level, an understanding of society in Qatar as securitized, and informing the perceptions of migrant labor and Western ideas as the major security threats in the Gulf region, should inform policy alternatives for Gulf states and Western democracies. -
Liverpool's Title March Held Back by Everton Stalemate
Tyrrell Hatton, three others share lead at PGA Heritage PAGE 14 MONDAY, JULY 22, 2020 Iraqi football legend Ahmed Radhi succumbs to COVID-19 man but returned to Iraq in Qatari clubs mourn the passing 2007 for a career in politics, replacing a member of par- away of former Al Wakrah star liament who defected to join the bloody insurgency rag- AFP/TNN Wakrah, whom the football ing across the country. BAGHDAD star represented in the QSL, He was an unsuccessful mourned his death. Radhi candidate in the 2014 and IRAQI football legend was the top-scorer for Al 2018 elections with the Na- Ahmed Radhi died Sunday Wakrah in the QSL during tional Alliance, a coalition of from complications linked to 1993-94 season scoring 16 Sunni and Shiite figures. COVID-19, the health min- goals. When news of his death istry said, just hours before In a video reportedly broke, football fans in Iraq he was to be flown for treat- from his hospital bed on Sat- exploded in grief. ment in Jordan. urday, Radhi could be seen in “With great sadness and Radhi, 56, scored what a green jersey struggling to sorrow, we mourn our life- remains Iraq’s only World breathe as medics in full pro- long companion, our fans’ Cup finals goal in 1986 tective gear try to treat him. ardent star, the unrivalled against Belgium. “Sometimes it’s hard to Former Iraqi footballer Ahmed athlete and son of Iraq, He had been hospitalised breathe but that’s normal,” Radhi during his swearing in Ahmed Radhi,” said Iraq’s last week in Baghdad after he could be heard telling ceremony as a new member of new sports minister Adnan testing positive for coronavi- the medical team, his voice the parliament Darjal, himself a former rus but had checked out on strained. -
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To Elif, Cüneyt and Mahir EXPLAINING DURATION OF LEADERSHIP CHANGE IN ARAB UPRISINGS THROUGH PERCEIVED POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURES: COMPARING EGYPT AND SYRIA The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by OSMAN BAHADIR DİNÇER In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SICENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA September 2016 ABSTRACT EXPLAINING DURATION OF LEADERSHIP CHANGE IN ARAB UPRISINGS THROUGH PERCEIVED POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURES: COMPARING EGYPT AND SYRIA Dinçer, Osman Bahadır Ph. D., Department of Political Science and Public Administration Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Saime Özçürümez Bölükbaşı September 2016 Egyptian President Mubarak was forced to leave office after turbulent public protests that lasted eighteen days in 2011. Yet, in the Syrian case, we have currently been witnessing a completely different state of affairs. Hence, this comparative work is an attempt at exploring the dynamics of change within the context of domestic politics in two of the most important ‘Arab Spring’ countries, Egypt and Syria. The present research seeks to answer the following question: During the recent uprisings in the Arab world, why has the removal from office of the incumbent leader is less likely in Syria when compared to Egypt? The purpose of this research is two-fold. First, it investigates whether or not the historical trajectories [particularly from early 1970s to 2011] of these two states indicate a substantial difference in terms of being politically open or closed and in having different institutions with different characteristics. Second, it examines to what extent the strategies implemented by the regimes during the uprisings (January 25, 2011- February 11, 2011 [Egypt] and March 2011-2014 iii [Syria]) influence the claim-making capabilities of those opposition groups and the structure of elite alliances within the society and political scene. -
Anatomy of a Police State Systematic Repression, Brutality, and Bahrain’S Ministry of Interior Anatomy of a Police State
Anatomy of a Police State Systematic Repression, Brutality, and Bahrain’s Ministry of Interior Anatomy of a Police State Systematic Repression, Brutality, and Bahrain’s Ministry of Interior Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain ©2019, Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain. All rights reserved. Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization based in Washington, D.C. that fosters awareness of and support for democracy and human rights in Bahrain and the Arabian Gulf. Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) 1001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 205 Washington, D.C. 20036 USA (202) 621-6141 www.adhrb.org Design and layout by Jennifer King Contents Executive Summary .............................................. 5 Methodology .................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................... .10 1 Background: Crime and Criminality in Bahrain .................... 12 2 Command and Control: Structure, Hierarchy, and Organization ..... .16 A. Senior Leadership .................................................... 17 B. Lead Agencies and Directorates ......................................... 22 C. Support Agencies and Directorates ....................................... 32 3 A Policy of Repression: Widespread and Systematic Abuses ....... .38 A. Arbitrary Detention and Warrantless Home Raids ......................... 39 B. Enforced Disappearance ............................................... 42 C. Torture -
Licensed Medical Practitioners
2021 Licensed Medical Practitioners JANUARY No. Name Facility Category Specialty 1 Amin Naser Not Specified Consultant Ophthalmology 2 A. Maguid A. Aty Not Specified Consultant Rheumatology 3 A.K.M. Salauddin Md Primary Health Care General 4 Aafiya Ghulam Mohi Ud Din Wani King Hamad University Hospital General 5 Aala Abdul Ameer Al Qari Not Specified General 6 Aala Sayed Radhi Mohamed Husain Not Specified General 7 Aalaa A.wahab A.Karim Marzooq Salmaniya Medical Complex General 8 Aalaa Abdulhadi Ahmed Ali AL KINDI SPECIALISED HOSPITAL W.L.L General 9 Aalaa Abdulmohsen Haji Salmaniya Medical Complex General 10 Aalaa Ahmed Abdulhusain Ali Not Specified General 11 Aalaa Fahad Abbas Fakhrawi Salmaniya Medical Complex General 12 Aalaa Mohamed Hasan Isa Not Specified General 13 Aalaa Naeem Mohamed Abu Shaqra Not Specified General 14 Aalaa Sayed Shubber Mohsen Salmaniya Medical Complex General 15 Aaliya Amir Ahmed DR FADHEELA ALALIWAT MEDICAL CENTER General 16 Aamal Hasan Mahdi Almaskati Family Medical Center Consultant Family Medicine 17 Aamal Hasan Yusuf Hashem Dr. Amals Clinic Consultant Obstetrics and Gynecology 18 Aamal Mohamed Jasim Abdulla Not Specified General 19 Aamal Yusuf Abdulhasan Yusuf IBN HAYAN MEDICAL CENTER General 20 Aamer Kamel Sammak Not Specified Specialist Neonatology 21 Aasef Mohamed Ali Mansoor Not Specified General 22 Aashish Jain Not Specified General 23 Aayat Ebrahim Faraj Not Specified General 24 AAYAT HAIDER ALFAYADH Ministry of Interior General 25 Aayat Kadhem Hasan Abdulla ROYAL BAHRAIN HOSPITAL General 26 Aayat -
The Islamic State: How Viable Is It? Yoram Schweitzer and Omer Einav, Editors
The Islamic State: How Viable Is It? Yoram Schweitzer and Omer Einav, Editors COVER The Islamic State: How Viable Is It? Yoram Schweitzer and Omer Einav, Editors Institute for National Security Studies THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURcITY STUDIES INCORPORATING THE JAFFEE b d TheCENTER FOR STRA InstituteTEGIC STUDIES for National Security Studies (INSS), incorporating the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, was founded in 2006. The purpose of the Institute for National Security Studies is first, to conduct basic research that meets the highest academic standards on matters related to Israel’s national security as well as Middle East regional and international security affairs. Second, the Institute aims to contribute to the public debate and governmental deliberation of issues that are – or should be – at the top of Israel’s national security agenda. INSS seeks to address Israeli decision makers and policymakers, the defense establishment, public opinion makers, the academic community in Israel and abroad, and the general public. INSS publishes research that it deems worthy of public attention, while it maintains a strict policy of non-partisanship. The opinions expressed in this publication are the authors’ alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute, its trustees, boards, research staff, or the organizations and individuals that support its research. The Islamic State: How Viable Is It? Yoram Schweitzer and Omer Einav, Editors THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURcITY STUDIES INCORPORATING THE JAFFEE b d CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES המדינה האסלאמית דגל שחור מתנוסס מעליה יורם שוייצר ועומר עינב, עורכים Editor: Judith Rosen Graphic design: Michal Semo-Kovetz, Yael Bieber Cover design: Michal Semo-Kovetz, Adva Lubrani Printing: Elinir Institute for National Security Studies (a public benefit company) 40 Haim Levanon Street POB 39950 Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997556 Tel. -
Reference List
LIST OF MAJOR INTERNATIONAL « SAM » BASKETBALL BACKSTOPS REFERENCES • OLYMPIC REFERENCES - Olympic Games 2000, Sydney - Olympic Games 1992, Barcelona - Olympic Games 1988, Seoul - Olympic Games 1980, Moscow - Olympic Games 1976, Montreal • CHAMPIONSHIPS / TOURNAMENTS SINCE 1988 - World Universiade, Kazan, Russia, 2013 - Spar Cup Tournament, Brezice, Slovenia, 2012 - Eurocup Basketball Men, Khimki (Moscow), Russia, 2012 - Sea Games Basketball, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2011 - FIBA Americas Championship, Mar Del Plata, Argentina, 2011 - Indian Ocean Islands Games, Seychelles, 2011 - FIBA Eurochallenge Final Four Men, Oostende, Belgium, 2011 - FIBA Eurocup Men’s Finals, Treviso, Italy, 2011 - FIBA U19 World Championship for Women, Chile, 2011 - FIBA U19 World Championships for Men, Liepaja, Latvia, 2011 - FIBA European Championships for Men, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2011 - FIBA European Championships for Women, Poland, 2011 - West Asian Basketball Championship, Kurdistan, 2010 - World Championship Men Basketball, Kaisere Basketball Hall, Turkey, 2010 - World Championship Men Basketball, Izimir Basketball Hall, Turkey, 2010 - FIBA U17 World Championship for Women, France, 2010 - Eurobasket 2009, European Men’s Championship, Poland 2009 - European Championships, Eurobasket Women, Latvia, 2009 - African Championships, Afrobasket, Libya, 2009 - Champion U18 All Star Game, Katowice, Poland 2009 - Romanian All Star Game, Romania, 2009 - Euroleague Final Four Berlin, Germany, 2009 Men U20 European Championship Basketball, Tg. Mures, Romania, 2008 - Colombian -
Alternatif Politika Is Devoted to the Arab Revolts of 2011 –The Series of Dynamic Social and Political Developments Not Seen in the Arab World for Over Fifty Years
alternatif politika Cilt 3, Sayı 3, Kasım 2011 Misafir Editör: Prof. Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ Timeline of the Arab Revolt: December 2010-June 2011 Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ Social Media Tools and the Arab Revolts Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ The Social Opposition Movement in Syria: The Assad Regime in the Context of Reform and Revolution Veysel AYHAN European Union’s Ineffective Middle East Policy Revealed after Revolution in Tunisia Bahar Turhan HURMİ Libyan Uprising And International Intervention: NATO’s Mission and Libya’s Gridlock Veysel AYHAN Arab Spring and Israeli Security: The New Threats Dünya BAŞOL Background of the Tunisian Revolution Nebahat TANRIVERDİ alternatif politika Cilt 3, Sayı 3, Kasım 2011 Introduction- Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ, i-ii. Timeline of the Arab Revolt: December 2010 – June 2011- Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ, 256-419. Social Media Tools and the Arab Revolts-Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ, 420-432. The Social Opposition Movement in Syria: The Assad Regime in the Context of Reform and Revolution-Veysel AYHAN, 433- 454. European Union’s Ineffective Middle East Policy Revealed after Revolution in Tunisia-Bahar Turhan HURMİ, 455-489. Libyan Uprising And International Intervention: NATO’s Mission and Libya’s Gridlock-Veysel AYHAN, 490-508. Arab Spring and Israeli Security: The New Threats-Dünya BAŞOL, 509-546. Background of the Tunisian Revolution-Nebahat TANRIVERDİ, 547-570. INTRODUCTION Guest Editor: Prof. Bogdan Szajkowski This special issue of Alternatif Politika is devoted to the Arab revolts of 2011 –the series of dynamic social and political developments not seen in the Arab world for over fifty years. Throughout 2011 the Middle East, the Gulf region, Arab Peninsula and North Africa have witnessed social and political turmoil that has fundamentally impacted not only on these regions but also on the rest of the world. -
Human Rights Watch
Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack GCPEA EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK Global Coalition to Protect GCPEA Education from Attack This study is published by the Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack (GCPEA), an inter-agency coalition formed in 2010 by organizations working in the fields of education in emergencies and conflict-affected contexts, higher education, protection, international human rights and humanitarian law who were concerned about ongoing attacks on educational institutions, their students and staff in countries affected by conflict and insecurity. GCPEA is a coalition of organizations that includes: the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics (CARA), Human Rights Watch, the Institute of International Education, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Protect Education in Insecurity and Conflict (PEIC, a programme of Education Above All), Save the Children, the Scholars at Risk Network, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). GCPEA is a project of the Tides Center, a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization. This study is the result of independent external research commissioned by GCPEA. It is independent of the individual member organizations of the Steering Committee of GCPEA and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Steering Committee member organizations. CONTRIBUTORS Project team leader/Chief editor: Mark Richmond GCPEA would like to thank Julia Freedson, Vernor Muñoz and Lead researcher: