The Power and the People Charles Tripp Index More Information

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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80965-8 — The Power and the People Charles Tripp Index More Information

Index

Abbas, Ferhat, 23 Al Khalifa, Salman bin Hamad, crown Abbas, Mahmoud, president of the prince of Bahrain, 112–14 Palestinian National Authority, Aleppo 124 citadel, 19 Abbasgholizadeh, Mahboubeh, 209 killing of Alawi ofﬁcer cadets (1979), 54 Abd al-Jalil, Mustafa, leader of the Alexandria National Transitional Council protest demonstrations (1977), 134, (Libya), 65, 67 149, 154 Abd al-Qadir, Amir, 24 protest demonstrations (2011), 71, 92, Abdel-Fattah, Israa, 98 94–5, 97, 99, 104 Abdi, Abed, 279–80 Alexandroni Brigade, 230. See also Abdoun, Hamid, 284. See also Algeria: Tantura killings (1948) Aouchem art movement Algeria Abdul-Aziz, Mustafa, 162 Algerian League of Human Rights, 246 Abdullah I, king of Jordan, 28 Algiers riots (1988), 134 Abdullah II, king of Jordan, 213 Aouchem art movement, 244, 284–6 Abeling, Johannes Armée de Libération Nationale (ALN), ‘Khan Yunis, Gaza Strip’ (2005), 302 22, 238, 241 Abu `Aisha, Dareen, 207 Armée Islamique du Salut (AIS), 249 Abu Iyad (Salah Khalaf), 29 Berber Spring (1980), 237–40, 245–6, al-Adly, Habib, 96 251 Adnan, Etel Black Spring (2001), 247 ‘Blessed Day’ (1990), 290 Constitution (1963), 241 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, president of European settlers, 22–4 Iran, 82–6, 179, 193, 197, 199, Front de Libération Nationale (FLN), 301 16, 22–4, 30, 33, 136, 221, 237–47, Ait Ahmed, Hocine, 241–2, 245. See also 249, 251, 254–5, 285–6 Algeria: Front des Forces Socialistes party congress (1983), 246 (FFS) Front des Forces Socialistes (FFS), Ait Manguellet, Lounis, 244 241–2, 245, 248 al-Akhal, Tamam, 281 Front Islamique du Salut (FIS), 241 Akmoun, Mustafa, 285. See also Algeria: Groupe Islamique Armé (GIA), 249 Aouchem art movement hogra (contempt), 15, 248, 322, 343 Al Khalifa dynasty (Bahrain), 107, 110, Issad Commission (2001), 248 112, 114, 132 Le Pouvoir, 136, 242, 247, 249, 252, Al Khalifa, Hamad bin Isa, king of 255, 322, 343 Bahrain, 107–8, 111, 115 Medéa trial (1985), 246 Al Khalifa, Khalifa bin Salman, prime National Union of the Plastic Arts minister of Bahrain, 110 (UNAP), 244, 285

375

376 Index

Algeria (cont.) al- Asad, Hafiz, president of Syria, 1, 53–5 Organisation de l’Armée Secrète (OAS), al-Asad, Maher, 56 24 al-Asad, Rifaat, 54 parliamentary elections (1991), 136 Ashrawi, Hanan, 206 Philippeville massacre (1955), 23 Ashtiani, Sakineh Mohammadi, 209 protest demonstrations (1980s), 241 Aswan protest demonstrations (2001–2), 247–8 protest demonstrations (2011), 99 Rassemblement Nationale al-Aswany, Alaa, 93 Démocratique (RND), 249, 251 Asyut Sétif revolt (1945), 22 protest demonstrations (2011), 99 War of independence, 21–5 Ataturk, Mustafa Kamal, president of Zaatcha, destruction of (1849), 22 Turkey, 21 Algiers, battle of (1956–7), 24 al-Attar, Muhammad, 160 Ali, Ahmed Abdulla, 304 Aurès, 250 Allenby, General Sir Edmund, 25 Association Aurès El-Kahina, Alooshe, Noy, 311 250. See also Kahina Dihya Tadmut Altindere, Halil Aweis, Abd al-Karim, 34 ‘Dances with Taboos’ (1997), 287–8 ‘ ’ When Ideas Become Crime (2010), 288 Badil Centre for Palestinian Residency and Amara, Fadela, 192 Refugee Rights – Amazigh/Berber, xviii, 242 52, 254, 285 Al-Awda Award competition, 268 Aarouche movement, 248 Baghdad Académie Berbère/Agraw Imazighen Green Zone, 20, 43 (Paris), 244 International Poster Exhibition (1979), Ateliers Berbères de Production et 267 Diffusion (ABPD), 245 sarifa shanty-town, 140 ’ Bulletin d études berbères (publication). Bahrain ’ See also under Groupe d Etudes Bahrain Independent Commission of Berbères (GEB) Inquiry (2011), 115–16 Chair of Berber Studies, University of Barhama, protests (2011), 111 Algiers, 243 Daih, protests (2011), 111 ’ Groupe d Etudes Berbères (GEB), 244 GCC force intervention (2011), 114–15 Imazighen (publication), 244 Haq Movement, 109, 113 Imazighen/Berbers, 9, 242, 246, 248 Malkiyya, protests (2007), 108 Mouvement Culturel Berbère/Amazigh National Action Charter (2001), 108 (MCB/A), 245 Nuwaidrat, protests (2011), 111 ’ Mouvement de l Autonomie Kabyle parliamentary elections (2010), (MAK), 248 109–10 Rassemblement pour la Culture et la Pearl Roundabout, 5, 111–15, 330 Démocratie (RCD), 248, 252 Penal Code (1976), 109 Shawia language, 250 police brutality, 108 Tamazight, 237, 239, 243, 245, 247, Salmaniyya Hospital, 112 252 Sanabis, protests (2011), 111 Tissuraf (publication). See also under Shiì community, 5, 9, 107 ’ Groupe d Etudes Berbères (GEB) Sitra, protests (2009), 109 Ammar, Ali, 130 Special Security Force violence, 109 Amri, Nelly Salameh, 290 State Security Measures Law (1974), Amrouche, Taos, 244 109 – Arab League, 57 8, 66 steadfastness triangle, 111 Arab-Israel War tajnis (naturalization), xviii, 110, 114, June 1967, 28 329 Arafat, Yasser, chairman of the PLO, Al-Wifaq party, 109–11, 113–14 – – – 31 2, 35 6, 204 5, 211 bai’ salam, 171 Ardalan, Parvin, 199 Bakkour, Adnan, 310 Arif, Abd al-Salam, president of Iraq, 164 Bakr, Ahmad, 33 Arkoun, Mohammed, 249 Balfour Declaration (1917), 25 al-Asàd, Colonel Riyadh, 58 Banias, 4 – al-Asad, Bashar, president of Syria, 1 2, Banksy, 279 12, 55, 57, 132, 310 al-Baqri, Muhammad, 145

Index 377

Barak, Ehud, prime minister of Israel, 33, protest demonstrations (2011), 92, 94 229, 234 Qasr al-Nil Bridge, battle for (2011), 95 Barzani, Masoud, leader of KDP, 61 Tahrir Square, 5, 9, 71–5, 92–3, 95–9, Basma bint Talal, princess of Jordan, 212 101–4, 111, 113, 149, 160–1, 261, Bassiouni, Cherif, 115 326 Bazargan, Mehdi, prime minister of Iran, Tahrir Square – Battle of the Camel 194 (February 2011), 98 Begin, Menachem, prime minister of Israel, Centre for Islamic Economics (Pakistan), 27 172 Behrouzi, Maryam, 193, 196 Chaker, Salam, 237, 245 Beilin, Yossi, 235 civil rights movement Beirut Northern Ireland, 313 Beirut Arab University, 267 USA, 313 Mina al-Husn, 126 crony capitalism, 137, 162 Place des Martyres protests (2005), 74, – 127 9, 131, 326 Dair al-Zor Riyadh el Solh Square, 128 uprising in (2011), 56 Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, president of Damanhour – Tunisia, 16, 72, 90 2, 95, 132, 135 protest demonstrations (2011), 97 Ben Bella, Ahmed, president of Algeria, Damietta – 239, 241 2 protest demonstrations (2011), 94 Ben Gurion, David, prime minister of Darà, 1–3, 5, 55–6 – Israel, 219, 228 9, 231 ‘Dignity Square’ (midan al-karama), 2 Benaissa, Slimane, 250. See also Aurès graffiti, 1 Ben-Ami, Shlomo, 235 protestors’ demands, 3 Benghazi public protests, 1 Katiba barracks, siege of (2011), 63 al- Umari mosque, 2 – uprising in (2011), 62 4 de Gaulle, General Charles, president of Benhadj, Ali, 241. See also Algeria: Front France, 24 Islamique du Salut (FIS) Defence Brigades (Syria), 54 Benjedid, Shadhli, president of Algeria, Deir Yassin killings (1948), 229 246 Democratic Front for the Liberation of Berger, John, 282 Palestine (DFLP), 201–2, 266 Bilal, Wafaa Derna ‘ ’ Domestic Tension (Shoot an Iraqi) uprising in (2011), 63 – (2007), 296 7 Dien Bien Phu, siege of (1954), 24 Installations (1999), 296 dimuqratiyyat al-khubz [the democracy of ‘ ’ Virtual Jihadi (2008), 305 bread], 147 Bin Laden, Usama, 49 Drori, Gideon, 232 Black Hand, the, 26. See also al-Qassam, Dubai Islamic Bank, 170 Shaikh Izz al-Din Black September, battle in Jordan (1970), 30 Ebtekar, Massoumeh, 197 Black September, Palestinian group, 30 Ech Channa, Aicha, 191 Bou Ziyan, 22 Egypt Bouazizi, Mohamed, 90, 118, 135 April 6 Movement, 7, 93, 98, 159 Boullata, Kamal, 282 armed forces (2011), 9, 95, 98, 99, – – Boumedienne, Houari, president of 100 2, 103 5 Algeria, 239, 242 baltagiyya (thugs), 103 Bouteflika, Abdelaziz, president of Algeria, Burning of Cairo (1952), 90 247–8, 250 Central Security Forces (CSF), 155 Budrus (film) (2009), 330 Egyptian Federation of Independent – Butros Ghali, Yusuf, 158 Trade Unions (EFITU), 161 2 Egyptian Trade Union Federation (ETUF), 93, 148, 153–5, 157–8, Cairo 161 citadel, 19 Egyptian Workers Federation (1957), Mugamma` building in Tahrir Square, 148 73, 92 Engineers’ Syndicate, 152–3 protest demonstrations (1977), 134 Ezzay? (song) (2011), 319

378 Index

Egypt (cont.) al-Ubaidi, Shaikh Dhafer (2004), 44 Free Officers, 147 Fanon, Frantz, 23, 29 fulul (remnants of the old regime), 306 Farokhzad, Forough, 299 general strike (2011), 161 Fatah (Palestine National Liberation General Union of Agricultural and Movement), 29, 30, 34–5, 207, Manual Workers (1964), 148 266, 276 Ghad party, 93 Al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades, 34–5, 207 Greek and Jewish families in the Fayyad, Salam, prime minister of the economy, 142 Palestinian National Authority, Kafr al-Dawwar protests (1952), 145, 124 147 female ijtihad, 217 Kafr al-Dawwar protests (1984), 155 Iran, 193, 196–7, 198 Kifaya movement, 7, 93 Morocco, 188 Land Centre for Human Rights, 165 Palestine, 203, 205–6 land protests (2005–10), 164–5 fidayin (Palestinian guerrillas), 29, 30 Law 35 (1976), 158 fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), 169, 181, 216 Law 96 (1992), 165 Flapan, Simha, 227 Law 100 (1993), 152 Foucault, Michel, 11 Law 203 (1991), 156 Free Officers (Libya (1969), 64 Lawyers’ Syndicate, 152–3 Manual Trade Workers Union (1909), Ganzeer 141 ‘Mad Graffiti Week’ (2012), 306 Ministry of Interior, 96 al-Ganzouri, Kamal, 69 National Committee of Workers and Garian Students (1946), 145 uprising in (2011), 64 National Democratic Party (NDP), 89, Gaza, 32–4, 36–7, 87, 119, 124, 202–5, 92, 94, 155, 157 262, 268, 276, 281–2, 302, 369 al-Nour Party, 105 Ghalioun, Burhan, chairman of the SNC – parliamentary elections (2011 12), 105 (2011–12), 58 Police Day, 90 Ghonim, Wael, 89, 90 Property Tax Authority civil servants Giacaman, Rita, 206 – strike (2007 8), 158 Goodman, Jane, 246 Property Tax Authority Union, 158 Gramsci, Antonio, 170 protest demonstrations (1977), 149–50 State of Emergency laws, 161 State Security Courts, 161 Habash, George, founder of PFLP, 29, 30 strike activity in 1940s, 144–5 Habchi, Sihem, 192 strikes (1983), 155 Hadawi, Sami, 234 strikes in early 20th century, 141 Haerizadeh, Ramin ‘ ’ Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Bad Hejab (2008), 299 ‘ ’ (SCAF), 69, 72, 102–5, 161–2, 306 Men of Allah (2008), 300 Supreme Court, 152 haibat al-dawla (awe of the state), 5 Ultras – football supporters, 93 al-Halayka, Samira, 206 Workers for Change, 159 al-Hallaj, Mustafa, 281 Workers’ Committee for National Hama Liberation (1945), 144 siege of (1982), 54 Workers’ Solidarity Committee, 159 uprising in (2011), 56 Eilon, Emunah, 231 al-Hamalawy, Hossam, 159 Eisenstadt, Shmuel, 225 Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement), – – – – Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, prime minister of 32 7, 124, 203 7, 265 6, 275 6 Turkey Abu Hanud, Mahmud, assassination of law suits against caricaturists (2004), 289 (2001), 34 – Euphrates river, 77 Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, 33 4 Evian Accords (1962), 24 Hamedan protest demonstrations (2009), 84 Hannoum, Abdelmajid, 311 Falluja Harb, Talaat, 143–5, 321 killing of demonstrators by U.S. forces al-Hariri, Rafiq, prime minister of (2003), 43 Lebanon, 126, 128, 131 U.S. assaults on (2004), 39 Harkabi, Yehoshafat, 227

Index 379

Hashemi, Faezeh, 196 Majles, 193, 196–7, 199 Hassan II, king of Morocco, 181–3, Majles Research Centre, 198 186 million signatures campaign (2009), Hassan, Salman, 109 192 Hassanzadeh, Khosrow presidential elections (2009), 82–5 ‘War’ (1988), 297 protest demonstrations (1963), 78, 81 Hasso, Frances, 207 protest demonstrations (1978), 78–82 hawala, 138, 166–9 protest demonstrations (2009), 82 hawaladar, 167, 168 Quds Day protests (2009), 87 Hebron question of hijab, 194, 197–8, 297–300 Ibrahim Mosque killings (1994), 33 regime of Shah Mohamed Reza Pahlavi, Helwan 78–9, 81, 268 protest demonstrations (1977), 154 Special Civil Courts, 196 Herbillon, General Émile, 22 Tobacco protest (1890–2), 142 Hizbullah (Lebanon), 8, 11, 33, 128, ujrat-e mesel (wages for housework), 130–1, 270 196 Homs use of armed forces against uprising in (2011), 57 demonstrators (1978), 80–1 honour killing Women’s Organization of the Islamic and law in Jordan, 212–13 Revolution, 193, 196 and law in the Middle East, 210–11 Zanan (publication), 193 Article 340 of Penal Code (Jordan), 213 Zeinab Association, 193 Article 562 of Penal Code (Lebanon), Iraq 214 availability of weapons after 2003, 45–6 Hosseinkhah, Maryam, 199 Ba`thist regime, 62, 76, 77 al-Hout, Shafiq, 30 Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), Human Rights Watch, 214, 325, 330 40, 42–3 Hussein bin Talal, king of Jordan, 29, 212 Hizb al-Da`wa al-Islamiyya (Islamic Hussein, Saddam, president of Iraq, 40–1, Da`wa Party), 46 43, 45–6, 59, 60 intifadat al-safar (1977), 76–7, 81 al-Husseini, Jumana, 281 Iraqi Communist Party (ICP), 146 Husseini, Nada, 213 Law Governing Rights and Duties of the Cultivators (1933), 140 ’ Ibn Saud, Abd al-Aziz, king of Saudi Organization of Women s Freedom in Arabia, 21 Iraq (OWFI), 215 India, 168 parliamentary elections (2005), 47 ’ infitah (economic opening), 137, 149, People s Court (1958), 315 152–4 question of hijab, 215 – Institute of Islamic Banking and Insurance resistance websites, 303 4 (London), 172 Sadrist Movement, 140 – – International Association of Islamic Banks, sectarian violence (2005 7), 47 9 – 170 Sons of Iraq movement, 48 9 International Monetary Fund (IMF), Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution 149–51 in Iraq (SCIRI), 46 – Iran withdrawal of foreign forces (2009 11), basij militia (2009), 84, 86 50 Campaign to Stop Stoning Forever women and war (after 2003), 215 fi (2006), 209 Yusu yya, 45 criminalization of sexual behaviour, Iraqi Cultural Centre (London), 267 208–10 Iraqi Kurdistan – Expediency Council, 85 al-Anfal operation, 60 1 fall of the Pahlavi monarchy, 81 jahsh, 59, 61 Family Protection Act, 193 Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), 47, Green Movement (2009), 83–8 59, 61 Guardian Council, 83, 85, 87 Kurdish Regional Government (KRG), 40 Iranian Islamic Women’s Institute, 196 Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), 47, Islamic Republican Party, 272 59, 61 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Iraqi resistance organizations 271 al-Àwda (the return), 43

380 Index

Iraqi resistance organizations (cont.) Issa, Raed al-Faruq, 44 ‘99 martyrs’ (2000), 281 Dawlat al-Ìraq al-Islamiyya (the Islamic Istanbul State of Iraq), 39–40 Biennale (1992), 286 Jaish al-Iraq al-Islami (the Islamic Army Topkapi Palace, 19 of Iraq), 44, 48 Jaish Ansar al-Sunna (the Army of the Jababdi, Latifa, 184–5 Supporters of the Sunna), 44 Jadid, Salah, 146 Jaish Muhammad (the Army of Jahaveri, Jelveh, 199 Muhammad), 44 al-Jamali, Fadhil, prime minister of Iraq, Kata’ib Thawrat al-Àshrin (Brigades of 315 the Revolution of [19]20), 41 Jannati, Ayatollah Ahmad, 87 Mujahidin al-Iraq (the Strugglers of Jebel Alawi, 4, 54 Iraq), 44 Jebel Nafusa, 67 Tanzim al-Qaìda fi Bilad al-Rafidain siege of (2011), 65 (the Organization of al-Qaìda in Jefren the Land of the Two Rivers), 49 uprising in (2011), 64 Islamic Development Bank, 170 Jerusalem Islamic Jihad (Palestine), 33, 35, 37, 205, Al-Ma`mal Foundation, 283 207, 276 Al-Wasiti Art Centre, 283 Islamic Research and Training Institute British capture of (1917), 25 (Saudi Arabia), 172 Dome of the Rock, 266 Ismailiyya Israel Basic Law August 1980, 36 deaths of police (1952), 90 Israeli annexation of, 232 protest demonstrations (2011), 99 Jordan Israel Islamic Action Front, 213 Al-Fanar [the lighthouse], 211 Karameh, battle of (1968), 29 Arab Israelis, 226, 232 Maàn riots (1989), 134 armed forces, 228 National Jordanian Campaign to Boycott Prohibition Bill (2011), 126 Eliminate so-Called ‘Crimes of critical sociologists, 223–6, 232, 236 Honour’, 212 Dayan Centre of Tel Aviv University, Jurayj, John 219 ‘Untitled Men (We could be heroes)’ Haaretz (publication), 9, 219, 229, (2007–10), 291–2 230 Haifa University, 230 Kabylia, 237–42, 245, 247–9 invasion of Lebanon (1982), 233 Kabyle, 237, 239–40, 242–50 Israel Broadcasting Authority, 231 Kabyles, 242, 245, 248, 250 Jewish immigrants from Arab countries, Kadhem, Abdulnabi, 116 224, 226, 232–3 Kahina Dihya Tadmut, 250. See also Aurès Knesset, 126, 229, 234 Kandiyoti, Deniz, 194 Likud party, 231 Karami, Omar, prime minister of Lebanon, new historians, 227, 228, 231–2, 236 128 Ramleh police station women’s picket Karbala, 40, 76–7 (1991), 211 Katz, Teddy, 230, 235. See also Tantura school history textbooks, 228 killings (1948) Shas party (Shomrei Sfarad) (Sfarad’s Kesharvarz, Nahid, 199 Guards [of the Torah]), 233 Khaled, Leila, 201, 266 Supreme Court, 124 Khalidi, Rashid, 234 Tekuma (‘rebirth’) TV series (1998), 231 Khalidi, Walid, 234 Zmanim (publication), 230 Khalife, Nadya, 214 Zochrot, 236 Khalil, Samiha, 205 Israel, military operations, 29 Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali, supreme leader Operation Cast Lead (2008–9), 38 of Iran, 83–7, 301 Operation Defensive Shield (2002), 256 Khamis, Mustafa, 145 Operation Determined Path (2002), 257 Khan, Mohammed Sidique, 304 Operation Litani (1978), 31 Khan, Reza Operation Peace for Galilee (1982), 31 Cossack Brigade, 21 Operation Summer Rains (2006), 38 Khatami, Ayatollah Ahmad, 179

Index 381

Khatami, Ayatollah Mohammad, Megged, Aharon, 230 president of Iran, 197 Meir, Golda, prime minister of Israel, 29 Khatib, Abd al-Karim, 187 Middle East, use of term, 17, 318 Khedher, Salam Mishaal, Khaled, 37 ‘The war is over’ (1992), 293–4 Misr Bank, 143 Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, supreme Misrata leader of Iran, 78, 81, 87, 194, 196, uprising in (2011), 64–5, 67 198, 270, 272, 313 Mohand Arab, Bessaoud, 244 Kowalski, Jacek, 267 Morocco Kurzman, Charles, 81 Alaoui dynasty, 183 Amir al-Mu’minin (Commander of al-Labadi, Fadwa, 202 the Faithful) title of the king, 182, Lahoud, Emile, president of Lebanon, 128 189 Laperal, Pedro, 267 Association Démocratique des Femmes Latakia, 4 Marocaines (ADFM), 184 uprising in (2011), 56 Casablanca bombing (2003), 189 Lebanon Casablanca demonstration (2000), 177, – Amal Party, 140 187 8 Cedar Revolution/intifadat al-istiqlal Casablanca riots (1981), 134, 150 (independence uprising) (2005), 88, Family Code (2004), 190 128 general strike (1981), 150 Emigration in nineteenth century, 140 Groupe Islamique Combattant Levi, Primo, 317 Marocain (GICM), 189 Libya Institution of Solidarity with Women in ‘17 February Revolution’, 64, 68 Distress (INSAF) (Morocco), 191 armed forces, 65–6, 68 al-Islah wa-l-Tajdid (Reform and National Transitional Council (NTC), Renewal), 185 65–7 Istiqlal Party, 185, 187 Zenga, zenga (song) (2011), 311 Jamaàt al-Àdl wa-l-Ihsan (Justice and Lissak, Moshe, 224 Charity Association), 176, 187 ’ Livnat, Limor, 232 L Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires (USFP), 185 Maàlot, attack on (1974), 30 makhzen (the state), 183–4, 186 al-Mahalla al-Kubra, 16 million signatures campaign (1992), protest demonstrations (2011), 99, 160 184–5, 187 strike (1976), 154 Ni Putes, Ni Soumises (neither strike threatened (2011), 162 whores nor submissives) strikes (2006–7), 158–9 association, 191 strikes (2008), 159 Organisation de la Femme Instiqlalienne Mahmoud, Ahmad, 100 (OFI), 184 al-Makdah, Munir, 35 Organization in Defence of the Makhlouf, Rami, 2 Moroccan Family, 187 Makiya, Kanan, 293 Parti de la Justice et du Développement Malallah, Hanaa (PJD), 187, 192 ‘Conference of the Birds’ (2007), 295 protest demonstrations (1984), 150 al-Maliki, Nuri, prime minister of Iraq, Rabat demonstration (2000), 176–7, 40, 49 187 Mammeri, Mouloud, 237, 244 al-Salafiyya al-Jihadiyya (Jihadi Mansour, Suleiman, 283 Salafists), 189 Mansoura Solidarité Féminine, 191 protest demonstrations (2011), 94, 97 Union de l’Action Féminine (UAF), Martinez, Denis, 284, 286. See also 184 Algeria: Aouchem art movement Union Socialiste de Forces Populaires ‘La Fenêtre du Vent’ (2002), 286 [Socialist Union of Popular Forces] Masalha, Nur, 234 (USFP), 187 Massinissa, Guermah, 247. See also Morris, Benny, 227–8. See also Israel: new Algeria: Black Spring (2001) historians Matoub, Lounès, 249 Mossadeq, Mohamed, prime minister of Matrouk, Fadhil, 111 Iran, 270–1

382 Index

Moudawana (mudawwanat al-ahwal al- Orabi, Colonel Ahmad, 143 shakhsiyya) – the laws of personal Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), status (Morocco), 176–7, 179, 170 181–90, 213 Orwell, George, 19 Mousavi, Mir-Hussein, 82–4, 86 1984 (novel), 19 Mubarak, Gamal, 89, 102 Oslo Accords (1993), 32, 204, 234, 262, Mubarak, Husni, president of Egypt, 9, 275, 282–3 12–3, 71–2, 88–90, 93, 95–6, Ottoman Empire 98–103, 105, 132, 154, 160–1, 312 Anatolian Railway Company strikes mudaraba, 171 (1908), 141 Muhammad VI, king of Morocco, 176, Debt Administration (1875), 139 187–90 Eregli Coal Company Muhammad, Morsi, president of Egypt, strike at (1908), 139 106 Tobacco Régie, 139–40 Muhammad, Yanar, 215 Oulhadj, Mohand, 241. See also Algeria: Munich Olympics, killing of Israeli athletes Front des Forces Socialistes (FFS) (1972), 30 Pahlavi, Mohamed Reza, shah of Iran, 13, Munir, Mohammad, 319 16, 132 al-Muqrani, Muhammad al-Hajj, 22 Pakistan, 168, 172 Murrar, Ayad, 123 National Movement for the Restoration Mushaima, Ali Abd al-Hadi, 111 of Pakistani Sovereignty, 304 musharaka, 171 Palestine Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt), 93, 105, Al-Awda website, 303 144, 152, 159 Electronic Intifada website, 302 and labour movement (1940s), 144 Liberation Graphics, 303 Freedom and Justice Party (Hizb al- ‘Made in Palestine’ exhibition (2003–6), Hurriya wa-l-Àdala) (FJP), 105 283 Muslim Brotherhood (Palestine), 203 al-Nakba, 200, 219, 268 Islamic Centre (al-Mujamma` al-Islami), al-Nakba in art, 267–8, 281 203 Palestine Poster Project website, 303 Young Women’s Islamic Association, 203 Palestine Right to Return Coalition, Muslim Brotherhood (Syria), 4, 52–5, 61 303 Al-Nadhir (publication), 52 Palestinian National Council, 30 Al-Talià al-Muqatila, 52 UN GA Resolution 181 (1947), 28 al-mustadaàfin (the dispossessed), 313 War (1948), 28, 228–30, 235, 317 Mutran, Khalil, 6 women and war (1948), 200–1, 212 Palestine (British occupation) – – Najaf, 47, 76–7, 296 Arab revolt (1936 9), 26 7, 200 – Nashashibi, Rosalind British counter-insurgency (1937 8), – ‘Post Office District’ (2002), 282 26 7 Nasir al-Din, Qajar shah of Iran, 142 Etzel/Irgun, 27 Nasrallah, Hassan, secretary-general of General Strike (1936), 26 Hizbullah, 8, 128 Haganah, 27, 229 al-Nasser, Gamal Abd, president of Egypt, Jewish Auxiliary Corps, 27 143, 146, 153–4, 164 Jewish Settlement Police, 27 National Liberation Front (NLF) (Aden), 16 Lehi/the Stern Gang, 27 nationalist narratives in the Middle East, Night Squads, 27 220–2, 252–5 Palmach, 27 NATO, 62, 66–8 Peel Commission, 26 Qatar, cooperation with, 66 Wailing Wall riots (1929), 25 UAE cooperation with, 66 White Paper (1939), 27 – neoliberal economic policies, 136, 162–3, Yishuv (Jewish settlement), 25 6, 226 – – 164–5, 174–5 Zionist resistance (1945 7), 27 8 – Neshat, Shirin Palestine (Israeli occupation), 28 9 – ‘Offered Eyes’ (1993), 299 Bilìn and Canadian courts, 124 5 – ‘Women of Allah’ (1994), 299 Bilìn protests, 123 4 Netanyahu, Benjamin, prime minister of Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions – Israel, 232 (BDS), 125 6 Nouri, Azam, 197 Budrus protests, 123

Index 383

Community Health Project (Bir Zeit), aircraft hijackings (1969–70), 201 206 Port Said Declaration of Principles on Palestinian protest demonstrations (2011), 99 Women’s Rights (1994), 204 Pripstein Posusney, Marsha, 155 Family Code, 211 public space hamula and women’s status, 211 art and the contestation of, 261, 272–3, Inàsh al-Usra (reviving the family) 286, 306–7 NGO, 205 contestation of, 7, 20, 76 intifada (1987–91), 31–2, 117–22, contestation of (Bahrain), 108–9, 203–4 110–15 intifada and art (1987–91), 273–5 contestation of (Beirut 2005), 127–31 intifada and women (1987–91), 203–4, contestation of (Egypt), 89–90, 92–100, 211 101–6 intifadat al-aqsa (2000–5), 37, 122, 207, contestation of (Iran 1978–9), 78–82 256, 276 contestation of (Iran 2009–10), 83–8 intifadat al-aqsa and art (2000–5), 282 contestation of (Iraq), 76–7 Israel Defence Forces Order 101 (1967), contestation of (Palestine), 118–20 282 contestation of (Tunis 2010–11), 90–1 Israeli censorship regime, 273–5, 282–3 Israeli security forces, 119 al-Qa`qaa, 45 Israeli settlements, 35–7, 119, 124, 126, Qadhafi, Khamis, 64 231 fi – Qadha , Muàmmar, leader of Libya, 12, Jabalya camp, 117 8, 276 62–8, 164, 311 League of Artists (1972), 282 Qadhafi,Mu’tasim, 64, 67 al-Muqataà, Ramallah, 35 fi – Qadha , Saif al-Islam, 64 Ni`lin protests, 123 4 al-Qaìda, 12, 168 Palestinian Federation of Women’s al-Qaìda in the Arabian Peninsula, 304 Action Committees (PFWAC), Qasim, Abd al-Karim, prime minister of 202 Iraq, 146 Popular Resistance Committees, 35 – al-Qassam, Shaikh Izz al-Din, 26 question of hijab, 204 5 Qiryat Shmona, attack on (1974), 30 rocket attacks and Israeli retaliation, – Qom 37 8 protest demonstrations (1978), 78–80 Separation Wall, 37, 122–4, 277 Separation Wall art, 277–9 Unified National Leadership of the Raad, Walid Uprising (1987–91), 120 ‘Already been in a lake of fire’ (2007), Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 291 29–33, 36, 117, 120, 203–4, 207, Rabah, Khalil 234, 262, 266–7, 275–6 ‘United States of Palestine Airlines’ Unified Information Office, Beirut, 266 (2006), 282 Palestine National Authority (PA), 32, 36, Rafah 124, 204–7, 211, 268, 276 protest demonstrations (2011), 99 Pappé, Ilan, 227, 229–30, 235. See also Rafsanjani, Akbar Hashemi, 85 Israel: new historians Rahmani, Abdelkader, 244 Paradise Now (film) (2005), 236 Rahnavard, Zahra, 83, 196 pardeh (calligraphic banner), 270 Ramallah, 268 Parry, William, 278 Biennale, 283 Pearl, Daniel, 304 al-Bireh, 256–7 peshmerga (Kurdish guerrilla forces), 59, Gallery 79, 283 60, 61 Qattan Foundation, 283 Peteet, Julie, 275 Sakakini Cultural Centre, 283 Petraeus, General David, 48 Rania, queen of Jordan, 212 Picasso, Pablo, 280 al-Rantissi, Abd al-Aziz, leader of Hamas, ‘Guernica’ (1937), 280–1 36, 207 Popular Front for the Liberation of Rasht Palestine (PFLP), 29, 35, 37, 121, protest demonstrations (2009), 84 201, 266, 275 riba, 172

384 Index

rightful resistance, 9, 216 ‘Gloves’ (2004), 299 in Bahrain, 109 Shammout, Ismail, 281 in Iran, 83 sharià boards of Islamic banks, 171 in Jordan, 213 Sharon, Ariel, prime minister of Israel, 33, in Lebanon, 214 35–6, 231, 234 riot police Shawa, Laila, 302 Algeria, 252 ‘Walls of Gaza’ (1992), 280 Bahrain, 109, 111, 114–15 ‘20 Targets’ (1994), 280 Egypt, 9, 71–2, 75, 93–4, 104, 155, 160 ‘Children of war, children of peace’ Iran, 79, 80, 84, 86 (1995), 262 Tunisia, 91 Sheffer, Gabriel, 227 Risan, Karim Sherkat, Shahla, 193 ‘Every Day’ (2005), 294–5 Shikaki, Khalil, 126 ‘Uranium civilization’ (2001), 294 al-Shiqaqi, Fathi, 33 Rothschild, Lord Walter, 25 Shirazi, Ayatollah Mirza, 142 Shlaim, Avi, 227. See also Israel: new al-Sa`di, Ali Salih, 146 historians Saadeh, Raeda Sida, Abdul-Basit (chairman of SNC, from ‘Great Masters Series’ (2007), 282 June 2012), 325 Sadat, Anwar, president of Egypt, 134, Sidiqi, Hojjatolislam Kazem, 198 143, 154 Sidqi, Ismail, 143 Sadi, Said, 247, 252. See also Amazigh/ Siniora, Hanna, prime minister of Berber: RCD; Algeria: Medéa trial Lebanon, 130 (1985) Sirte fi al-Sadr, Ayatollah Muhammad Sadiq, death of Qadha in (2011), 67 46 al-Sistani, Grand Ayatollah Ali, 41 al-Sadr, Ayatollah Musa, 313 Siti, Walid ‘ ’ al-Sadr, Muqtada, 46–7, 49 Dark Interludes (1988), 293 Sadrist movement, 46 Socialist Studies Centre (Egypt) Jaish al-Mahdi, 46–7, 49 al-Ishtiraki (the Socialist) (publication), Said, Edward, 234 159 Said, Khaled, 89 Soueif, Ahdaf, 97 ‘We are all Khaled Said’ facebook page, Stora, Benjamin, 246 89, 90 street art (Egypt) Saif, Riyadh, 2 Abo Bakr, Ammar, 306 Salem, Taher, 65 Ganzeer, 306 Salih, Ali Abdullah, president of Yemen, Husny, 306 76 Keizer, 306 Salman, Shaikh Ali, 110 KIM, 306 Sanaà Sad Panda, 306 demonstrations and Suez counterdemonstrations (2011), 76 protest demonstrations (2011), 71, 92, – Sanei, Ayatollah Yusuf, 193 94 5, 97, 99 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 22 suicide bombers, 9 – Saudi Arabia Iraq, 39 40, 295 criminalization of sexual behaviour, Morocco, 189 – 208, 210 Palestine, 33 6, 207, 236, 277, 304 Eastern Province, 107 Syria, 58 Scott, James, 312 United Kingdom, 304 – sectarian tensions Suleiman, Omar, 96 102 in Bahrain, 107 sumud (steadfastness), 265 in Syria, 4, 53–5, 58 symbolic resistance – – shadow state, 312 Palestine (1987 91), 118 19 in Algeria, 322 Palestine (2010), 124 in Syria, 3 Syria Shafiq, Ahmad, 96, 98–9 armed forces (2011), 56, 59 Shafir, Gershon, 224–5, 367. See also Ba`thist regime, 56 – Israel: critical sociologists Free Syrian Army (FSA), 57 8 Shahroudi, Farkhondeh Local Coordination Committees, 57

Index 385

al-Shabbiha (‘ghosts’ militia), 55 Tunisian Association for Democratic Syrian National Council (SNC), 57–8 Women, 180 Turkey Tabriz Article 301 of penal code (2005), 288 protest demonstrations (1978), 79 Cumhüriyet (publication) and Musa protest demonstrations (2009), 84 Kurt, 289 Takatkeh, Andaleeb, 35, 207 Penguen (publication), 289 Taleghani, Azam, 196 Taman, Gehad, 159 Umm Jihad (Intisar al-Wazir), 204 Tamari, Vera, 257, 280, 284 United Arab Emirates (UAE), 167–8 ‘Mashin?’ (2002), 256–7, 283 United Nations ‘Tale of a Tree’ (1999–), 282 Cairo conference on population and Tanta Linen, Flax and Oil Company development (1994), 207 workers’ sit-in (2009, 2010), 160 mission to Syria (2012), 58 Tantawi, Field Marshal Hussein, 99, United Nations Security Council, 41, 62, 66 101–2, 104 Resolution 1973 (2011), 66 Tantura killings (1948), 230 Taslitzky, Boris, 280 Vahid Dastjerdi, Marzieh, 199 Tavakoli, Majid, 300 ‘We are all Majid’ website (2009), 301 Tbeur, Nabila, 191 Wedeen, Lisa, 3 ’ Tehran women s shelters, 218 Amirkabir University, 300 Iraq, 215 Azadi Square (2009), 84 Morocco, 191, 214 ’ Azadi Square (2010), 87 workers organizations – protest demonstrations (1978), 81, 270 Egypt, 7, 93, 101, 159 63 protest demonstrations (2009), 83–7 role of, 137 Shohada (Martyrs) Square protests Tunisia, 7 – (2009), 74 World Bank, 149 51, 186 Tehran University, 268 Valiasr Avenue, 83 al-yafta (calligraphic banner), 270 Tenger, Hale Yassine, Nadia, 188 ‘I Know People Like This II’ (1992), 286, Yassine, Shaikh Abd al-Salam, 176, 188, 287 190 Terbil, Fathi, 63 Yassine, Shaikh Ahmad, leader of Hamas, Teveth, Shabtai, 219 36, 207 The Lemon Tree (ﬁlm) (2008), 236 Yeganeh, Nahid, 209 Tizi Ouzou, 237, 241, 244 Youcef, Zirout, 23 Tobruk Yunis, Abd al-Fattah, 64 uprising in (2011), 63 Zagazig Tripoli protest demonstrations (2011), 99 Abu Salim prison, 63 al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab, 49, 304 Bab al-Aziziyya barracks, 20, 67 Zawiyya Green Square, 64 uprising in (2011), 64–5 uprising in (2011), 64 Zentan Tripoli Programme (1962), 240 uprising in (2011), 63–4 Tunis Zérarti, Rezki, 285. See also Algeria: protest demonstrations (2010–11), 90 Aouchem art movement Tunisia Zionism, 25–7, 36, 44, 117, 188, 221, 223, armed forces, 91 225–9, 231–6, 238, 255 general strike (1978), 150 charges of anti-Zionism, 225–6, 234 protest demonstrations (1984), 150–1 Labour Zionism, 224–5, 231–3, 238 Sidi Bouzid, 91, 135 Ziu, Mahdi, 63 Thawrat al-Karama (Dignity Ziv, Michael, 227. See also Israel: school Revolution) (2011), 72, 91 history textbooks Union Générale Tunisienne du Travail Zon, Naftali, 227. See also Israel: school (UGTT), 91, 150 history textbooks