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Airbnb V. San Francisco
Case 3:16-cv-03615-JD Document 57 Filed 09/19/16 Page 1 of 36 1 DENNIS J. HERRERA, State Bar #139669 City Attorney 2 JAMES M. EMERY, State Bar #153630 ROBB W. KAPLA, State Bar #238896 3 SARA J. EISENBERG, State Bar #269303 Deputy City Attorneys 4 City Hall, Room 234 1 Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett Place 5 San Francisco, California 94102-4602 Telephone: (415) 554-4628 6 Facsimile: (415) 554-4757 E-Mail: jim.emery @sfgov.org 7 8 Attorneys for Defendant CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO 9 10 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 11 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 12 AIRBNB, INC., Case No. 3:16-cv-03615-JD 13 Plaintiff, SAN FRANCISCO’S MEMORANDUM OF 14 POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN HOMEAWAY.COM, INC., OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION 15 FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION Plaintiff-Intervenor, 16 Hearing Date: October 6, 2016 vs. Time: 10:00a.m. 17 Place: Courtroom 11 CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN 18 FRANCISCO, Trial Date: Not set 19 Defendant. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 CCSF’s MPA ISO Opp to PI Mtn n:\govlit\li2016\161382\01136489.docx CASE NO. 3:16-cv-03615-JD Case 3:16-cv-03615-JD Document 57 Filed 09/19/16 Page 2 of 36 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .......................................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 3 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................2 4 ARGUMENT ...................................................................................................................................5 5 I. The Communications Decency Act Does Not Preempt San Francisco’s Ordinance. ................................................................................................................5 6 A. Binding Ninth Circuit Precedent Establishes That the CDA Does Not 7 Preempt San Francisco’s Ordinance, Since the Ordinance Does Not Seek to Impose Liability on Websites as a “Publisher or Speaker” Of Third- 8 Party Content. -
IT Travel Group Has Operated As a HOST TRAVEL AGENCY Since June of 1989
Dear Travel Entrepreneur: IT Travel Group has operated as a HOST TRAVEL AGENCY since June of 1989. The management of IT Travel Group would like to share with you the following information about our unique support system offered Independent Contractors (IC) via our HOST AGENCY operating divisions: A Host Agency’s responsibilities include holding travel industry conference appointments with Domestic (ARC) and International (IATAN) airlines for ticket issuance capabilities, and Cruise line appointments (CLIA) for earning commissions from cruise sales. International Tours of Houston (ITH) is bonded and holds conference appointments with the following travel industry organizations: ARC – Airline Reporting Corporation – This conference appoints travel agent business entities on behalf of the Domestic Air Lines and controls the issuance of ticket stock and payment for tickets issued by travel agencies. Minimum appointment criteria: $20,000 Surety Bond or LOC and agent qualifier with 18 to 24 months agency work experience and Certified ARC Specialist (CAS) certificate. IATAN – International Airline Travel Agency Network - This conference also appoints travel agent entities for the International Air Carriers and administers the travel agent eligibility list for reduced rate travel benefits. CLIA – Cruise Lines International Association – This conference represents the majority of the world’s cruise lines and administers the appointment process for travel entities to earn commission from their cruise sales. ITH and staff hold individual and Host -
1995 Annual Report
Southwest Airlines Co. 1995 Annual Report OUR 6 SECRETS OF SUCCESS Table of Contents Consolidated Highlights ..................................................................2 Introduction .....................................................................................3 Letter to Shareholders.....................................................................4 1. Stick To What You’re Good At ....................................................4 2. Keep It Simple .............................................................................8 3. Keep Fares Low, Costs Lower ..................................................10 4. Treat Customers Like Guests....................................................12 5. Never Stand Still .......................................................................14 6. Hire Great People .....................................................................16 Looking Ahead ..............................................................................18 Destinations ..................................................................................20 Financial Review ...........................................................................21 Management’s Discussion and Analysis .......................................21 Consolidated Financial Statements...............................................27 Report of Independent Auditors ....................................................39 Quarterly Financial Data ...............................................................40 Common Stock Price Ranges -
Remote ID NPRM Maps out UAS Airspace Integration Plans by Charles Alcock
PUBLICATIONS Vol.49 | No.2 $9.00 FEBRUARY 2020 | ainonline.com « Joby Aviation’s S4 eVTOL aircraft took a leap forward in the race to launch commercial service with a January 15 announcement of $590 million in new investment from a group led by Japanese car maker Toyota. Joby says it will have the piloted S4 flying as part of the Uber Air air taxi network in early adopter cities before the end of 2023, but it will surely take far longer to get clearance for autonomous eVTOL operations. (Full story on page 8) People HAI’s new president takes the reins page 14 Safety 2019 was a bad year for Part 91 page 12 Part 135 FAA has stern words for BlackBird page 22 Remote ID NPRM maps out UAS airspace integration plans by Charles Alcock Stakeholders have until March 2 to com- in planned urban air mobility applications. Read Our SPECIAL REPORT ment on proposed rules intended to provide The final rule resulting from NPRM FAA- a framework for integrating unmanned air- 2019-100 is expected to require remote craft systems (UAS) into the U.S. National identification for the majority of UAS, with Airspace System. On New Year’s Eve, the exceptions to be made for some amateur- EFB Hardware Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) pub- built UAS, aircraft operated by the U.S. gov- When it comes to electronic flight lished its long-awaited notice of proposed ernment, and UAS weighing less than 0.55 bags, (EFBs), most attention focuses on rulemaking (NPRM) for remote identifica- pounds. -
Brief Amici Curiae of Southeastern
No. 16-14 ================================================================ In The Supreme Court of the United States --------------------------------- --------------------------------- FLYTENOW, INC., Petitioner, v. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, Administrator, Respondent. --------------------------------- --------------------------------- On Petition For Writ Of Certiorari To The United States Court Of Appeals For The District Of Columbia Circuit --------------------------------- --------------------------------- BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE SOUTHEASTERN LEGAL FOUNDATION, NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESS LEGAL CENTER, THE BUCKEYE INSTITUTE, THE BEACON CENTER OF TENNESSEE, AND THOMAS P. GROSS IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER --------------------------------- --------------------------------- KIMBERLY S. HERMANN JOHN J. PARK,JR. SOUTHEASTERN LEGAL Counsel of Record FOUNDATION STRICKLAND BROCKINGTON 2255 Sewell Mill Rd., LEWIS LLP Suite 320 1170 Peachtree St., Marietta, GA 30062 Suite 2200 Atlanta, GA 30309 (678) 347-2208 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae July 29, 2016 [Additional Counsel Listed On Signature Pages] ================================================================ COCKLE LEGAL BRIEFS (800) 225-6964 WWW.COCKLELEGALBRIEFS.COM i QUESTIONS PRESENTED Petitioner presents this Court with three questions, the first of which is: 1. In deciding what level of deference is due an agency’s interpretation when it predominantly inter- prets common law terms, five circuit courts of appeals have held no deference is -
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ORDER TRANSPORTATION JO 7340.2E FEDERAL AVIATION Effective Date: ADMINISTRATION July 24, 2014 Air Traffic Organization Policy Subject: Contractions Includes Change 1 dated 11/13/14 https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/CNT/3-3.HTM A 3- Company Country Telephony Ltr AAA AVICON AVIATION CONSULTANTS & AGENTS PAKISTAN AAB ABELAG AVIATION BELGIUM ABG AAC ARMY AIR CORPS UNITED KINGDOM ARMYAIR AAD MANN AIR LTD (T/A AMBASSADOR) UNITED KINGDOM AMBASSADOR AAE EXPRESS AIR, INC. (PHOENIX, AZ) UNITED STATES ARIZONA AAF AIGLE AZUR FRANCE AIGLE AZUR AAG ATLANTIC FLIGHT TRAINING LTD. UNITED KINGDOM ATLANTIC AAH AEKO KULA, INC D/B/A ALOHA AIR CARGO (HONOLULU, UNITED STATES ALOHA HI) AAI AIR AURORA, INC. (SUGAR GROVE, IL) UNITED STATES BOREALIS AAJ ALFA AIRLINES CO., LTD SUDAN ALFA SUDAN AAK ALASKA ISLAND AIR, INC. (ANCHORAGE, AK) UNITED STATES ALASKA ISLAND AAL AMERICAN AIRLINES INC. UNITED STATES AMERICAN AAM AIM AIR REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AIM AIR AAN AMSTERDAM AIRLINES B.V. NETHERLANDS AMSTEL AAO ADMINISTRACION AERONAUTICA INTERNACIONAL, S.A. MEXICO AEROINTER DE C.V. AAP ARABASCO AIR SERVICES SAUDI ARABIA ARABASCO AAQ ASIA ATLANTIC AIRLINES CO., LTD THAILAND ASIA ATLANTIC AAR ASIANA AIRLINES REPUBLIC OF KOREA ASIANA AAS ASKARI AVIATION (PVT) LTD PAKISTAN AL-AAS AAT AIR CENTRAL ASIA KYRGYZSTAN AAU AEROPA S.R.L. ITALY AAV ASTRO AIR INTERNATIONAL, INC. PHILIPPINES ASTRO-PHIL AAW AFRICAN AIRLINES CORPORATION LIBYA AFRIQIYAH AAX ADVANCE AVIATION CO., LTD THAILAND ADVANCE AVIATION AAY ALLEGIANT AIR, INC. (FRESNO, CA) UNITED STATES ALLEGIANT AAZ AEOLUS AIR LIMITED GAMBIA AEOLUS ABA AERO-BETA GMBH & CO., STUTTGART GERMANY AEROBETA ABB AFRICAN BUSINESS AND TRANSPORTATIONS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF AFRICAN BUSINESS THE CONGO ABC ABC WORLD AIRWAYS GUIDE ABD AIR ATLANTA ICELANDIC ICELAND ATLANTA ABE ABAN AIR IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC ABAN OF) ABF SCANWINGS OY, FINLAND FINLAND SKYWINGS ABG ABAKAN-AVIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION ABAKAN-AVIA ABH HOKURIKU-KOUKUU CO., LTD JAPAN ABI ALBA-AIR AVIACION, S.L. -
Creating an Environment for Permissionless Innovation
TESTIMONY CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT FOR PERMISSIONLESS INNOVATION Christopher Koopman Senior Director, Center for Growth and Opportunity at Utah State University Senior Affiliated Scholar, Mercatus Center at George Mason University US Congress Joint Economic Committee Hearing: Breaking through the Regulatory Barrier: What Red Tape Means for the Innovation Economy May 22, 2018 Thank you, Chairman Paulsen, Ranking Member Heinrich, and members of the committee, for holding this hearing on this important topic. My name is Christopher Koopman. I am senior director at the Center for Growth and Opportunity at Utah State University and a senior affiliated scholar at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. I am grateful for the invitation to discuss opportunities and challenges facing innovators and entrepreneurs in the United States, especially the role regulation is increasingly playing in the innovation economy. This issue parallels much of my work over the past five years, as well as other research projects being pursued at both the Center for Growth and Opportunity and the Mercatus Center. Any opinions I express today are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of my employer. The current regulatory environment is inimical to innovation. 1. The culture of “permissionless innovation,” which was responsible for much of the economic growth associated with the growth of the internet, is now being stifled by old regulatory regimes. 2. Continuing to apply these regimes is not only discouraging innovation, but pushing innovators to pursue better regulatory climates overseas. 3. Reforming the regulatory regime is necessary to continue to reap the benefits of innovation we experienced over the past 30 years. -
The Future of Airline Distribution, 2016 - 2021
The Future of Airline Distribution, 2016 - 2021 By Henry H. Harteveldt, Atmosphere Research Group CONTENTS 3 INTRODUCTION 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 HOW SHOULD AIRLINES PREPARE TO SERVE THE AIRLINE TRAVELER OF 2021? 26 TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AND THE EVOLVING TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPE 29 AIRLINE DISTRIBUTION IN 2021 70 CONCLUSION 72 ENDNOTES © 2016 International Air Transport Association. All rights reserved. 2 INTRODUCTION Introduction from Atmosphere Research Atmosphere Research Group is honored to have Airlines that want to become true retailers are once again been selected by IATA to prepare this well-positioned to do so. Carriers have an abun- report on the future of airline distribution. We dance of technologies, including cloud comput- believe that the five-year timeframe this report ing, artificial intelligence, and mobility, that they covers – 2016 to 2021 – will see the successful can use to help them bring their products to mar- introduction of true retailing among the world’s ket in more meaningful ways. IATA’s NDC, One airlines and their distribution partners. Order, and NGISS initiatives are being brought to market to help airlines be more successful busi- This report reflects Atmosphere Research’s in- nesses. As each airline independently contem- dependent and objective analysis based on our plates its distribution strategies and tactics, we extensive industry and consumer research (for hope this report will serve as a helpful resource. more information about how the research was conducted, please refer to the “Research Method- ology” section). © 2016 International Air Transport Association. All rights reserved. 3 Future of Distribution Report 2016-2021 Introduction from IATA In 2012 IATA commissioned Atmosphere Research Game changes are prompted by consumer needs, to conduct a survey on the Future of Airline Dis- or by the ability to offer new solutions. -
Essays on Strategic Behavior in the U.S. Airline Industry
Essays on Strategic Behavior in the U.S. Airline Industry Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kerria Measkhan Tan, B.A., M.A. Graduate Program in Economics The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Matthew Lewis, Advisor James Peck Huanxing Yang c Copyright by Kerria Measkhan Tan 2012 Abstract In my first dissertation essay, \Incumbent Response to Entry by Low-Cost Carri- ers in the U.S. Airline Industry," I analyze the price response of incumbents to entry by low-cost carriers in the U.S. airline industry. Previous theoretical papers suggest that airlines might respond to entry by lowering prices to compete harder for existing customers or they might increase prices to exploit their brand-loyal customers. This paper tests which effect is more prominent in the airline industry. I find that when one of four low-cost carriers enters a particular route, legacy carrier incumbents respond differently than low-cost carrier incumbents to new low-cost carrier entry. Legacy carriers decrease their mean airfare, 10th percentile airfare, and 90th percentile air- fare before and after entry by a low-cost carrier. However, low-cost carriers do not significantly alter their pricing strategy. The differing incumbent responses can be attributed to the finding that low-cost carrier entrants tend to match the price set by rival low-cost carriers in the quarter of entry and tend to enter with a lower price than that of legacy carrier incumbents. The results also suggest that entry does not affect price dispersion by incumbent carriers. -
Analysis of Global Airline Alliances As a Strategy for International Network Development by Antonio Tugores-García
Analysis of Global Airline Alliances as a Strategy for International Network Development by Antonio Tugores-García M.S., Civil Engineering, Enginyer de Camins, Canals i Ports Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2008 Submitted to the MIT Engineering Systems Division and the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degrees of Master of Science in Technology and Policy and Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2012 © 2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved Signature of Author__________________________________________________________________________________ Antonio Tugores-García Department of Engineering Systems Division Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics May 14, 2012 Certified by___________________________________________________________________________________________ Peter P. Belobaba Principal Research Scientist, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by__________________________________________________________________________________________ Joel P. Clark Professor of Material Systems and Engineering Systems Acting Director, Technology and Policy Program Accepted by___________________________________________________________________________________________ Eytan H. Modiano Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Chair, Graduate Program Committee 1 2 Analysis of Global Airline Alliances as a Strategy for International Network Development by Antonio Tugores-García -
The Air Consolidator Guide
SUPPLEMENT TO: ® MARCH 2009 JAXFAX MAGAZINE The Travel Agents’ Path to Profits The Air Consolidator Guide What Is An Airline Ticket Consolidator? The Insider’s Guide to Air Consolidators Changing Times International Air Consolidator Value Demystifying Consolidators MARCH 2009 • VOLUME 37, NO. 7 SUPPLEMENT to: ® •• 22000099 •• JAXFAX MAGAZINE IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY: Jet Airtransport Exchange, Inc. (JAX) CCOONNSSOOLLIIDDAATTOORR 52 W Main St., Milford, CT 06460, 203-301-0255, F: 203-301- 0250 Audited Circulation GGUUIIDDEE && DDIIRREECCTTOORRYY Douglas Cooke, CTC Publisher & Editorial Director, [email protected] CONTENT • FEATURE ARTICLES Randi White Vice Pres./Associate Publisher, [email protected] What is an Airline Ticket Consolidator . 1 Maria Lisella The Insider’s Guide to Air Consolidators . 2 Editor, [email protected] Chantal Guillou-Brennan Art & Production Director, [email protected] Changing Times . 3 Marjorie Vincent International Air Consolidator Value Proposition . 3 Business Manager, [email protected] Demystifying Consolidators . 4 Katie Hultgren Editorial Assistant, Listings and Circulation Manager The Travel Agents’ Source for Consolidator Airfares . 21 [email protected] Clifton N. Cooke, CTC. Founding Publisher & Editor-at-Large, [email protected] a c i r e c m i Worldwide Correspondents f i DIRECTORY OF A c l a a Tom Bross: Austria & Germany g r P a n t i c s i Katharine Dyson: Special Interests t n h s r t t a e e e r s Patricia Earnest: North America u C n n e a i ADVERTISERS o m a E s p S e A Marian Goldberg, Asia & u e e O b l B h & h p a s / b d t Danielle Hayes: Africa, South America t i r c t o r i a r d u s r i a i r o r a f s o u e Kathy Feeney: Southeast Correspondent & FACT FINDER i N S A A C M E F Y Denise Mattia: Caribbean/Mexico PAGE# Merrie Murray: Mediterannean J. -
Sdílená Ekonomika: Fakta a Mýty
EKONOMICKO-SPRÁVNÍ FAKULTA Diplomová práce Sdílená ekonomika: fakta a mýty MGR. VLASTIMIL SLOVÁK Vedoucí práce: Ing. Michal struk, Ph.D. Obor: Veřejná ekonomika a správa Brno 2020 MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Ekonomicko-správní fakulta MUNI Lipová 41a, 602 00 Brno IČ: 00216224 ECON DIČ: CZ00216224 Zadání diplomové práce Akademický rok: 2019/2020 Student: Mgr. Bc. Vlastimil Slovák Obor: Veřejná ekonomika a správa Název práce: Sdílená ekonomika: fakta a mýty Název práce anglicky: Shared economy: facts and myths Cíl práce, postup a použité metody: Problémová oblast: Práce se aktuálním konceptem sdílené ekonomiky, který představuje vý- znamný potenciál ve smyslu efektivnější alokace dostupných zdrojů. Práce se bude věnovat jak teoretickému popisu konceptu, tak i praktickým aplika- cím, včetně právních a společenských souvislostí. Cíl práce: Cílem diplomové práce popis vývoje a aktuálních trendů v oblasti konceptu sdílené ekonomiky, včetně identifikace a zobecnění příčin a okolností, které v praxi vedli jak k úspěšným, tak i neúspěšným realizacím daného koncep- tuje. Postup práce: 1) Autor popíše koncept sdílené ekonomiky, definuje pojem, popíše historii a podstatu sdílené ekonomiky. 2) Autor se zaměří na vztah mezi nástupem sdílené ekonomiky a změnami regulatorního prostředí a dále společenským a právním souvislostem. 3) Na základě relevantních zdrojů vybere autor odvětví sdílené ekonomiky s obvyklým výskytem případů sdílené ekonomiky. Autor následně popíše případy úspěšných ekonomických subjektů s konkrétními aplikacemi, které dokázaly využít tržní potenciál sdílené ekonomiky a taky případy subjektů, které tento potenciál rozvinout nedokázaly včetně analýzy příčin a okolností úspěchu a neúspěchu. 4) Na závěr autor provede zobecnění závěrů z analyzovaných případových studií. Rozsah grafických prací: Podle pokynů vedoucího práce Rozsah práce bez příloh: 60 – 80 stran Literatura: SUNDARARAJAN, A.