DOCSLIB.ORG

{PDF EPUB} Rugged Game Community Culture and Wrestling at the Lakehead to 1933 by C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
{PDF EPUB} Rugged Game Community Culture and Wrestling at the Lakehead to 1933 by C Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Rugged Game Community Culture and Wrestling at the Lakehead to 1933 by C. Nathan Hatton Building the Burlington Bay Canal The Staples Thesis and Harbour Development in Upper Canada, 1823-1854. This article examines the construction of the Burlington Bay Canal, Upper Canada’s first government-financed internal improvement. Designed in 1824 to create an entrance to a natural harbour at the head of Lake Ontario, the canal was an engineering, financial and political fiasco. Using a staples thesis approach, this study explores the reasons for the canal’s problem. Résumé. Cet article examine la construction du Canal de Burlington Bay, la première amélioration interne financée par le gouvernement du Haut-Canada. Conçu en 1824 pour créer une entrée a un port naturel situé à la tête du Lac Ontario, ce fut aussi un fiasco technique, financier et politique. En utilisant l’approche de la Staples thesis, cette étude explore les raisons des problèmes du canal. Download the article in PDF to read it. Appendices. Biographical note. Rod Millard is Professor Emeritus (History), The University of Western Ontario. He taught Canadian history and the social history of North American technology and wrote The Master Spirit of the Age: Canadian Engineers and the Politics of Professionalism, 1887-1922 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988). He is the editor of an online Biographical Dictionary of Canadian Engineers . Volume 105, Number 2, Fall 2013. This article examines the history of the Toronto Humane Society [THS] from 1887 to 1891. It argues that the THS drew on the discourses of earlier Humane Societies and SPCAs in Britain and the United States and concludes that, like other animal welfare organizations, the THS saw the moral reform of the working classes as one of its primary duties. To do this, the Humane Society is linked to the larger moral and social reform movement that permeated the city in the late-nineteenth century. Dominated by members of Toronto’s middle class, the THS inordinately targeted workers in its efforts to spread humane sentiments throughout the city. FR: Cet article examine l’histoire de la Toronto Humane Society (THS -- société pour la protection des animaux) de 1887 à 1892. Cette société s’est inspirée des discours d’autres sociétés protectrices des animaux fondées en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis. Comme ces autres organisations, La THS considérait que la réforme morale de la classe ouvrière était un de ses principaux devoirs. Pour arriver à cette conclusion, nous étudions la THS dans le contexte plus large des idées de réforme morale et sociale qui étaient si largement répandues à Toronto vers la fin du 19e siècle. Dominée par la bourgeoisie torontoise, la THS s’adressait surtout aux ouvriers dans ses tentatives pour répandre des sentiments humains dans la ville. Poetic Justice: Corruption in Lambton County, Canada West, 1854-1858. EN: Beginning in 1855 Lambton County merchant, postmaster, poet, Orangeman and moderate conservative Robert McBride (1811-1895) saw himself as a victim of a conspiracy launched by scheming Reform-minded politicians and their cronies. In books of poetry, particularly his hefty Poems Sentimental & Satirical On Many Subjects Connected with Canada, and drawing on his own experiences, he outlined the malfeasance of the judiciary, the ‘land jobbing’ class, and others associated with the Reform movement in Canada West who, he claimed, were undermining and corrupting the British foundations of the province. McBride’s poetry and other contemporary documentation about his legal travails help us understand the complex connections that existed among colonial administrators at the local level in Canada West in the 1850s. FR: A partir de 1855, Robert McBride (1811-1895), commerçant et receveur des postes dans le comté de Lambton, poète, Orangiste, et conservateur modéré, s’est considéré comme victime d’une conspiration organisée par des politiciens réformateurs intrigants et leurs amis. Dans ses livres de poésie, particulièrement ses Poems Sentimental & Satirical On Many Subjects Connected with Canada, se basant sur son expérience personnelle, il a décrit les agissements coupables des juges, de la classe des spéculateurs terriens, et autres personnes liées au mouvement réformiste du Haut-Canada, qui, d’après lui, sapaient et corrompaient les bases britanniques de la province. Les poèmes de McBride, et autres documents concernant ses difficultés légales, nous aident à comprendre les liens compliqués qui existaient parmi les administrateurs coloniaux au niveau local dans le Haut-Canada des années 1850. Spittoon Philosophers or Radical Revolutionaries? The Canadian Administration of the Industrial Workers of the World, 1932-35. Michel S. Beaulieu. EN: Historians contend that the heyday of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies) in the U.S. and Canada ended when it was suppressed by the authorities in the First World War because of the “foreigners” within its ranks. However, the IWW went underground and re- emerged briefly in the late 1920s and 1930s as a force in lumber and mining unions in both countries. Little is known about its organization during this period, particularly the operations of the Canadian Administration established in 1932. This article explores the activities of Canadian Wobblies and their attempts to form a Canadian Administration between 1931 and 1935 in Port Arthur, Ontario. It establishes that the Canadian leadership increasingly separated itself from an ineffectual American leadership and attempted to establish uniquely “Canadian” polices. FR: On suppose généralement que les Industrial Workers of the World (IWW ou Wobblies) ont été le plus influents aux États-Unis et au Canada avant la Première Guerre mondiale, durant laquelle les autorités les ont supprimés, craignant la présence des « étrangers » parmi leurs membres. En réalité, entré dans la clandestinité, l’IWW a réémergé brièvement vers la fin des années 1920 et pendant les années 1930, quand il a exercé une influence réelle dans les syndicats forestiers et miniers des deux pays. On connaît mal leur organisation à cette époque-là, particulièrement les opérations de l’Administration canadienne établie en 1932. Cet article examine les activités des Wobblies canadiens et leurs tentatives pour former une Administration canadienne entre 1931 et 1935 à Port Arthur (Ontario). Nous montrons que les chefs canadiens se sont distancés de plus en plus d’une direction américaine inefficace, et ont essayé d’établir des politiques spécifiquement canadiennes. “A sparkling example of what aggressiveness, imagination, and skill can accomplish”: The Rise of Dubreuil Brothers Limited, 1948-1973. EN: This article argues that the brutal aftermath of the catastrophic Mississagi forest fire in 1948 enabled Dubreuil Brothers Limited (DBL), formerly of Quebec, to grow and develop while salvaging timber for the Crown. The Ontario government, so concerned with getting the project concluded, essentially tolerated sub-par performances from contractors such as DBL for the sake of expediency. The salvage shaped DBL’s formative years, but its success after 1952 was largely due to its drive and resolve. Part environmental history and part business history, the rise of Dubreuil Brothers Limited tells the distinctive story of a company that defied the stereotypical views of French-Canadian business. It may have been forged by fire but it remained viable through entrepreneurial spirit and ingenuity. FR: Dans cet article nous soutenons que l’incendie catastrophique qui a ravagé la forêt de Mississagi en 1948 a permis à Dubreuil Brother Limitée (DBL), d’origine québécoise, de croître et de se développer, en récupérant du bois pour la Couronne. Le gouvernement de l’Ontario, désireux surtout de voir achever le projet, pour ne plus avoir à s’en occuper, a toléré le travail médiocre ou inadéquat d’entrepreneurs comme DBL. Si ce projet de sauvetage a marqué la période formative de la compagnie, sa réussite après 1952 est attribuable à son dynamisme et sa détermination. À la fois histoire environnementale et histoire des affaires, la montée de Dubreuil Brothers Ltée est l’histoire distinctive d’une compagnie qui ne se conforme pas du tout au stéréotype de l’entreprise canadienne-française. Formée par le feu, elle a prospéré grâce à son esprit d’entreprise et à son ingéniosité. Books by Past Undergraduate and Graduate Students. Over the past forty years, many of our former undergraduate and graduate students have written books on a wide variety of historical subjects. To celebrate the successs of our former students, below is a listing of these works organized by the year of their first publication (many have been reprinted with demand). If you are a former student and do not see your book(s) below, please email the department administrative office ([email protected]) and it will be included. Books derived in part of in whole from work done while a student in our programs are indicated by an asterix (*) before the title. *Currently being rebuilt and updated January 2018* Will be organized alphabetically by last name and year of publication. LÄHTEET & KIRJALLISUUS. Tärkein tietolähde Lakehead Finns -projektia varten on ollut Michel S. Beaulieun kirja Labour at the Lakehead: Ethnicity, Socialism, and Politics, 1900-35 (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2011). Kirja perustuu ympäri Kanadaa löytyvien eri arkistokokoelmien tietoihin. Merkittävin on Lakeheadin yliopiston kirjaston arkisto, joka sisältää Finlandia Club -kokoelman sekä
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Minutes of the Hoito Restaurant March 27, 1918 to May 2, 1920
    Minutes of the Hoito Restaurant March 27, 1918 to May 2, 1920 Translated and Introduced by Saku Pinta This work is dedicated to the staff of the Hoito Restaurant, past, present, and future. 2 The Origins of the Hoito Restaurant: A History from Below By Saku Pinta Then Slim headed to Bay Street, where he read a sign upon a door Inviting the world workers up onto the second floor Come right in Fellow Worker, hang your crown upon the wall And eat at the Wobbly restaurant, you'll pay no profits there at all - “The Second Coming of Christ” by Pork-Chop Slim1 In continuous operation in the same location for over 100 years, the Hoito Restaurant has served Finnish and Canadian food in the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario while also serving as an important local landmark and gathering place. The restaurant the New York Times called “arguably Canada's most famous pancake house” has, since it opened on May 1, 1918, occupied the bottom-floor of the 109-year old Finnish Labour Temple on 314 Bay Street – a building formally recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada in 2011.2 In recognition of the centenary of the founding of the Hoito Restaurant the Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society is proud to publish, for the first time in English-language translation, the entirety of the restaurant's first minute book. This unique and historically significant primary source document begins on March 27, 1918, with the first meeting to discuss the establishment of the restaurant, and concludes over two years later on May 2, 1920.
    [Show full text]
  • Finnish Studies
    Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 23 Number 1 November 2019 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-7328298-1-7 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458, Box 2146, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TEXAS 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hilary-Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University [email protected] Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin, Madison Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Tim Frandy, Assistant Professor, Western Kentucky University Daniel Grimley, Professor, Oxford University Titus Hjelm, Associate Professor, University of Helsinki Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Johanna Laakso, Professor, University of Vienna Jason Lavery, Professor, Oklahoma State University James P. Leary, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin, Madison Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, University of Helsinki Jussi Nuorteva, Director General, The National Archives of Finland Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, University of Lapland Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury Beth L.
    [Show full text]
  • Hard Work Conquers All Building the Finnish Community in Canada
    Hard Work Conquers All Building the Finnish Community in Canada Edited by Michel S. Beaulieu, David K. Ratz, and Ronald N. Harpelle Sample Material © UBC Press 2018 © UBC Press 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Hard work conquers all : building the Finnish community in Canada / edited by Michel S. Beaulieu, David K. Ratz, and Ronald N. Harpelle. Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-0-7748-3468-1 (hardcover). – ISBN 978-0-7748-3470-4 (PDF). – ISBN 978-0-7748-3471-1 (EPUB). – ISBN 978-0-7748-3472-8 (Kindle) 1. Finnish Canadians. 2. Finns – Canada. 3. Finnish Canadians – Social conditions – 20th century. 4. Finns – Canada – Social conditions – 20th century. 5. Finnish Canadians – Economic conditions – 20th century. 6. Finns – Canada – Economic conditions – 20th century. 7. Finnish Canadians – Social life and customs – 20th century. 8. Finns – Canada – Social life and customs – 20th century. I. Beaulieu, Michel S., editor II. Ratz, David K. (David Karl), editor III. Harpelle, Ronald N., editor FC106.F5H37 2018 971’.00494541 C2017-903769-2 C2017-903770-6 UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada (through the Canada Book Fund), the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. Set in Helvetica Condensed and Minion by Artegraphica Design Co. Ltd. Copy editor: Robyn So Proofreader: Carmen Tiampo Indexer: Sergey Lobachev Cover designer: Martyn Schmoll Cover photos: front, Finnish lumber workers at Intola, ON, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Themes on Finnish Settlement in the Thunder Bay Area
    Lakehead University Knowledge Commons,http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca Electronic Theses and Dissertations Retrospective theses 2004 Themes on Finnish settlement in the Thunder Bay area Puumala, Lana http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/4048 Downloaded from Lakehead University, KnowledgeCommons THEMES ON FINNISH SETTLEMENT IN THE THUNDER BAY AREA. BY LANA PUÜMALA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS Department of History Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Lakehead University Thunder Bay, Ontario Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliothèque et 1^1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 0-494-01391-5 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 0-494-01391-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Karelia in the Letters & Memoirs Of
    LIFE MOVING FORWARD: SOVIET KARELIA IN THE LETTERS & MEMOIRS OF FINNISH NORTH AMERICANS SAMIRA S. SARAMO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, CANADA SEPTEMBER 2014 © SAMIRA SARAMO, 2014 Abstract In the first years of the 1930s, some 6500 Finnish Canadians and Finnish Americans moved to Soviet Karelia, motivated by the economic depression and the dream of participating in the building of a Finnish-led workers’ society, with employment, education, and healthcare for all. Their recruitment as “foreign specialists” who would modernize the Karelian economy secured for them preferential access to food, housing, and work postings, but life in Karelia was very different than what the immigrants had previously known. Despite difficulties and a heavy return migration, those who stayed threw themselves into the building of socialism. However, by 1936, the Stalinist regime viewed ethnic minorities and foreigners as threats to the Soviet order, and the Finnish leadership in Karelia was ousted and a violent attack on ethnic Finns and Finnish culture took over the region, shattering the dream of the ‘Red Finn Haven.’ This dissertation examines letters written by Finnish North Americans in Karelia to friends and family remaining in Canada and the United States, as well as memoirs and retrospective letter collections that look back on life in Karelia in the 1930s. These sources, brought together under the umbrella of life writing, are analysed in two ways. They are used to construct a history of the immigrants’ everyday life, with chapters exploring topics such as travel and first impressions, housing, food, health and hygiene, clothing, children’s experiences, formal labour, political participation, celebrations, popular culture, sociability, and repression.
    [Show full text]
  • Developments, Definitions, and Directions in Finnish Language
    Table of Contents Beth L. Virtanen Editor's Introduction iv Ron Harpelle & Guest Editors' introduction: Developments, Definitions, Michel Beaulieu and Directions in Finnish Language, Literature, and Culture A.nuMuhonen "lt's a vicious circle": The Roles and Functions of English within Sweden Finnish Youth Radio Programs. Andy Rosequist The Shamanic Connection: 18 Shared Influences in Norse Mythology and the Kalevala Irina Novikova From Loyalists to Separatists: 25 Russian Images of the Finns, 1809-1917 Barbara Hong Medieval Finland Depicted in Post-Modem Music: 43 Rautavaara's opera Thomas ! Eric Schaad Topelius's "Rinaldo Rinaldini" as European Cultural Artifact 51 I Birgitta Tamminen High School Students' Attitudes towards Meankieli 62 Book Review Varpu Lindstrom. "I Won't Be a Slave!" Selected Articles on 72 Finnish Canadian Women's Histo,y. Reviewed by Beth L. Virtanen ' ... j Journalo(Finnish Studies. Volume /4, Number 2. Winter 2010 l The "Cloud" was createdby Michel S. Beaulieu and RonaldN. Harpelle ii Journal o(Finnislz Studies, Volume 14, Number 2, Winter 20 I 0 f-innish worker outside of Port Arthur, Ontario Finnish Labour Temple, ca. 1930. f-innish Historical Society Collection, Lakehead University Archives. lll '-· Journal o(Finnish Studies. Volume 14. Number 2. Winter 20 I 0 Editor's Introduction As I present this special issue of the Journal of Finnish Studies to its readership, I do so both with significant pride and a bit of sadness. I am proud of the quality of work presented here in this collection of papers entitled Developments, Definitions, and Directions in Finnish Language, Literature, and Culture: A Selection of Papers Presented at Fin11Forum IXin Thunder Bay, Ontario that were originally presented in May 2010 at Lakehead University.
    [Show full text]
  • International Medical Corps Afghanistan
    Heading Folder Afghanistan Afghanistan - Afghan Information Centre Afghanistan - International Medical Corps Afghanistan - Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) Agorist Institute Albee, Edward Alianza Federal de Pueblos Libres American Economic Association American Economic Society American Fund for Public Service, Inc. American Independent Party American Party (1897) American Political Science Association (APSA) American Social History Project American Spectator American Writer's Congress, New York City, October 9-12, 1981 Americans for Democratic Action Americans for Democratic Action - Students for Democractic Action Anarchism Anarchism - A Distribution Anarchism - Abad De Santillan, Diego Anarchism - Abbey, Edward Anarchism - Abolafia, Louis Anarchism - ABRUPT Anarchism - Acharya, M. P. T. Anarchism - ACRATA Anarchism - Action Resource Guide (ARG) Anarchism - Addresses Anarchism - Affinity Group of Evolutionary Anarchists Anarchism - Africa Anarchism - Aftershock Alliance Anarchism - Against Sleep and Nightmare Anarchism - Agitazione, Ancona, Italy Anarchism - AK Press Anarchism - Albertini, Henry (Enrico) Anarchism - Aldred, Guy Anarchism - Alliance for Anarchist Determination, The (TAFAD) Anarchism - Alliance Ouvriere Anarchiste Anarchism - Altgeld Centenary Committee of Illinois Anarchism - Altgeld, John P. Anarchism - Amateur Press Association Anarchism - American Anarchist Federated Commune Soviets Anarchism - American Federation of Anarchists Anarchism - American Freethought Tract Society Anarchism - Anarchist
    [Show full text]
  • Reacting to the Workers' Revolt: the Lakehead and the Winnipeg
    Left History 14_1-b - Quark Final 12/4/09 1:06 PM Page 8 8 Beaulieu Reacting to the Workers’ Revolt: The Lakehead and the Winnipeg General Strike Michel S. Beaulieu Perhaps no other event during the first half of the twentieth century shaped the nature and character of the Canadian left more than the workers’ revolt that gripped the country between 1917 and 1925. During this eight-year period, the fundamental relationship between the state, workers, and capital was challenged. Most studies of the period have tended to focus solely on the events surrounding the Winnipeg General Strike—and it is doubtless that the strike in the windy city was influential—yet labour struggles elsewhere also played a significant role in influencing the trajectory of the Canadian left. For example, David Bercuson and D.C. Masters both emphasize the six weeks of conflict in Winnipeg, but do not discuss either the underlying nature of the workers’ revolt, or the often varied regional responses,1 and Masters argues somewhat erroneously that “strikes in Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver, Port Arthur, and Toronto, helped to maintain morale.”2 More recently, Craig Heron and others concluded that while the revolt “was a cross-country phenomenon that emerged in similar ways across Canada… [it] nonetheless took a different course and faced different obstacles in each region.”3 Significantly, the collection, while containing articles from the “five major regions,” did not include works dealing with Newfoundland and Northern Ontario.4 Newfoundland may be a unique case because it was not a part of the country at the time, but the omission of Northern Ontario from a discussion of labour radicalism in Canada ignores one of the most vibrant and influential labour movements of the period.
    [Show full text]
  • Left History 18.1.Qxd 2014-07-10 9:20 AM Page 111
    LH 18_1 Final_Left History 18.1.qxd 2014-07-10 9:20 AM Page 111 Book Review 111 With Worldly Ethics , Ella Myers has set out an ambitious research agen - da (for herself or others), including further theoretical articulations of “care for the world” in a range of settings as well as empirical, perhaps ethnographic, investigations of discrete episodes in the history of contestation over worldly things and the way they have played out in different times and places. Democratic theorists, not to mention democratic citizens or anyone interested in the prospects for a democratic future, have a great deal to learn from this book. Andrew Murphy Rutgers University Michel S. Beaulieu, Labour at the Lakehead: Ethnicity, Socialism, and Politics, 1900-1935 (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2011). 316 pp. $32.95 Softcover. Labour at the Lakehead provides an institutional history of the socialist and work - ing class movements in the twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur (or cur - rent day Thunder Bay, an area known as the "Lakehead") during the first 35 years of the twentieth century. Along with an examination of the rise and decline of several labour unions and political parties, Beaulieu aim is to show how “ethnicity both strengthened and weakened socialist organizations at the Lakehead.”(8) Situated on the resource-rich north shore of Lake Superior in Northwestern Ontario at the head of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway sys - tem, the economy of the Lakehead has traditionally been shaped by the fortunes of the extractive industries – primarily logging and mining – and its position as a critical transshipment point for grain and freight.
    [Show full text]
  • Finnish Socialist Organization's Third Representative Assembly Minutes
    Finnish Socialist Organization’s Third Representative Assembly Minutes Drafted at the Finnish Socialist Organization’s Representative Assembly held in Toronto, Ontario, February 15, 16, 20, and 21, 1922 Published by the Finnish Socialist Section of the Workers' Party of Canada Introduction and Translation by Saku Pinta From Social Democracy to Leninism: The Finnish Socialist Organization of Canada, 1901-1922 By Saku Pinta The Canadan Suomalainen Järjestö (FOC; Finnish Organization of Canada) is the oldest nation-wide Finnish cultural organization in Canada. Founded in 1911 as the Canadan Suomalainen Sosialisti Järjestö (FSOC; Finnish Socialist Organization of Canada), the organization passed through several stages and political affiliations in its formative years, but none as important as its longstanding association – both formal and informal – with the Communist Party of Canada.1 The minutes, published here for the first time in English-translation, record the proceedings of the FSOC Third Representative Assembly, held in Toronto, Ontario, February 15, 16, 20, and 21, 1922 at the Ontario Labour College on 28 Wellington Street West. This translation has been made possible with financial support from the Government of Canada through the Documentary Heritage Communities Program that supported the “Increasing Access to the Finnish Language Archives” project, organized by the Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society in 2018-2019. Originally published as a pamphlet for distribution to the FSOC membership, the minutes capture a seminal moment in the Finnish-Canadian working-class movement. The historical significance of this meeting lies partly in the decision made by representatives at this assembly to formally affiliate with the Workers’ Party of Canada as its Finnish-language section – the Workers’ Party being the legal, public face of the then outlawed Communist Party of Canada (CPC) between 1922 and 1924.
    [Show full text]
  • Socialists at the Gate: Swedish Business and the Defense of Free
    SOCIALISTS AT THE GATE Rikard Westerberg Twice in the last century, organized capital in Sweden clashed with organized labor on the issue of private ownership and state intervention. First, in the 1940s following proposals on increased regulation, higher taxes, and potential nation- alization. Thirty years later, when business interests felt pressured by radical- SOCIALISTS AT THE GATE ized politics and a threat of losing ownership to union-controlled wage-earner funds in the midst of an economic crisis. For the captains of industry, the perils SWEDISH BUSINESS AND THE DEFENSE of socialism were to be fought by convincing the general public of the benefits OF FREE ENTERPRISE, 1940–1985 of free enterprise and assisting the non-socialists parties to return to power. This study analyzes business counter-reactions: its attempt to influence public opinion through PR-campaigns, public protests, research financing, press sub- sidies, and political donations. Applying theories on interest group formation and with access to previously closed archives, it finds that it was the level of radicalism within the internationally uniquely strong Swedish labor movement which incentivized business to act. It also analyzes the previously unresearched connections between Swedish employers and pro-market organizations abroad, including the relationship between prominent free-market economists and pub- lic-relations experts within the Swedish business community. In addition to shedding new light on how organized business tried to reach its Westerberg Rikard political goals during the Cold War era, the thesis helps us understand how ideas of deregulation, competition, and individual choice got a foothold in a country so characterized by social democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 3 Michel S. Beaulieu and Bruce W
    Beaulieu, Michel S. and Bruce W. Muirhead. “Harry Bryan - A Man of Fanatical Convictions.” In _Essays in Northwestern Ontario Working Class History: Thunder Bay and Its Environs_, edited by Michel S. Beaulieu, 53-70. Thunder Bay: Lakehead University Centre for Northern Studies, 2008. CHAPTER 3 Michel S. Beaulieu and Bruce W. Muirhead HARRY BRYAN - A MAN OF FANATICAL CONVICTIONS HE HISTORY OF THE LAKEHEAD before the First World War is replete with all manner of labour conflict and attempts by union organizers to improve the lot of the working class. The nature of employment in Port Arthur and Fort William did not make that Ttask any easier - the giant and very powerful Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern railways dominated the business landscape in the towns, while other formidable institutions like the Bell Telephone Company and the railway controlled grain elevators were significant Everests to be climbed by ill-equipped unionists. On a lesser scale, there were local carpenters, ironworkers and others who also required the organizational skills of union people to ameliorate their condition through decent wages and basic benefits. That became ever more imperative as the twin cities participated in the economic boom that characterized early twentieth century Canadian development. All manner of skilled and unskilled workers poured into the Lakehead to take advantage of the employment opportunities presented. Nowhere in Canada was the trade union movement very strong as employers and governments practiced labour relations behind the barrel of a gun, but in what today constitutes the city of Thunder Bay, it was even weaker than elsewhere. Indeed, until 1902, organized labour was practically non-existent.
    [Show full text]