Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Rugged Game Community Culture and Wrestling at the Lakehead to 1933 by C. Nathan Hatton Building the Burlington Bay Canal The Staples Thesis and Harbour Development in Upper Canada, 1823-1854. This article examines the construction of the Burlington Bay Canal, Upper Canada’s first government-financed internal improvement. Designed in 1824 to create an entrance to a natural harbour at the head of Lake Ontario, the canal was an engineering, financial and political fiasco. Using a staples thesis approach, this study explores the reasons for the canal’s problem. Résumé. Cet article examine la construction du Canal de Burlington Bay, la première amélioration interne financée par le gouvernement du Haut-Canada. Conçu en 1824 pour créer une entrée a un port naturel situé à la tête du Lac Ontario, ce fut aussi un fiasco technique, financier et politique. En utilisant l’approche de la Staples thesis, cette étude explore les raisons des problèmes du canal. Download the article in PDF to read it. Appendices. Biographical note. Rod Millard is Professor Emeritus (History), The University of Western Ontario. He taught Canadian history and the social history of North American technology and wrote The Master Spirit of the Age: Canadian Engineers and the Politics of Professionalism, 1887-1922 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988). He is the editor of an online Biographical Dictionary of Canadian Engineers . Volume 105, Number 2, Fall 2013. This article examines the history of the Toronto Humane Society [THS] from 1887 to 1891. It argues that the THS drew on the discourses of earlier Humane Societies and SPCAs in Britain and the United States and concludes that, like other animal welfare organizations, the THS saw the moral reform of the working classes as one of its primary duties. To do this, the Humane Society is linked to the larger moral and social reform movement that permeated the city in the late-nineteenth century. Dominated by members of Toronto’s middle class, the THS inordinately targeted workers in its efforts to spread humane sentiments throughout the city. FR: Cet article examine l’histoire de la Toronto Humane Society (THS -- société pour la protection des animaux) de 1887 à 1892. Cette société s’est inspirée des discours d’autres sociétés protectrices des animaux fondées en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis. Comme ces autres organisations, La THS considérait que la réforme morale de la classe ouvrière était un de ses principaux devoirs. Pour arriver à cette conclusion, nous étudions la THS dans le contexte plus large des idées de réforme morale et sociale qui étaient si largement répandues à Toronto vers la fin du 19e siècle. Dominée par la bourgeoisie torontoise, la THS s’adressait surtout aux ouvriers dans ses tentatives pour répandre des sentiments humains dans la ville. Poetic Justice: Corruption in Lambton County, Canada West, 1854-1858. EN: Beginning in 1855 Lambton County merchant, postmaster, poet, Orangeman and moderate conservative Robert McBride (1811-1895) saw himself as a victim of a conspiracy launched by scheming Reform-minded politicians and their cronies. In books of poetry, particularly his hefty Poems Sentimental & Satirical On Many Subjects Connected with Canada, and drawing on his own experiences, he outlined the malfeasance of the judiciary, the ‘land jobbing’ class, and others associated with the Reform movement in Canada West who, he claimed, were undermining and corrupting the British foundations of the province. McBride’s poetry and other contemporary documentation about his legal travails help us understand the complex connections that existed among colonial administrators at the local level in Canada West in the 1850s. FR: A partir de 1855, Robert McBride (1811-1895), commerçant et receveur des postes dans le comté de Lambton, poète, Orangiste, et conservateur modéré, s’est considéré comme victime d’une conspiration organisée par des politiciens réformateurs intrigants et leurs amis. Dans ses livres de poésie, particulièrement ses Poems Sentimental & Satirical On Many Subjects Connected with Canada, se basant sur son expérience personnelle, il a décrit les agissements coupables des juges, de la classe des spéculateurs terriens, et autres personnes liées au mouvement réformiste du Haut-Canada, qui, d’après lui, sapaient et corrompaient les bases britanniques de la province. Les poèmes de McBride, et autres documents concernant ses difficultés légales, nous aident à comprendre les liens compliqués qui existaient parmi les administrateurs coloniaux au niveau local dans le Haut-Canada des années 1850. Spittoon Philosophers or Radical Revolutionaries? The Canadian Administration of the Industrial Workers of the World, 1932-35. Michel S. Beaulieu. EN: Historians contend that the heyday of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies) in the U.S. and Canada ended when it was suppressed by the authorities in the First World War because of the “foreigners” within its ranks. However, the IWW went underground and re- emerged briefly in the late 1920s and 1930s as a force in lumber and mining unions in both countries. Little is known about its organization during this period, particularly the operations of the Canadian Administration established in 1932. This article explores the activities of Canadian Wobblies and their attempts to form a Canadian Administration between 1931 and 1935 in Port Arthur, Ontario. It establishes that the Canadian leadership increasingly separated itself from an ineffectual American leadership and attempted to establish uniquely “Canadian” polices. FR: On suppose généralement que les Industrial Workers of the World (IWW ou Wobblies) ont été le plus influents aux États-Unis et au Canada avant la Première Guerre mondiale, durant laquelle les autorités les ont supprimés, craignant la présence des « étrangers » parmi leurs membres. En réalité, entré dans la clandestinité, l’IWW a réémergé brièvement vers la fin des années 1920 et pendant les années 1930, quand il a exercé une influence réelle dans les syndicats forestiers et miniers des deux pays. On connaît mal leur organisation à cette époque-là, particulièrement les opérations de l’Administration canadienne établie en 1932. Cet article examine les activités des Wobblies canadiens et leurs tentatives pour former une Administration canadienne entre 1931 et 1935 à Port Arthur (Ontario). Nous montrons que les chefs canadiens se sont distancés de plus en plus d’une direction américaine inefficace, et ont essayé d’établir des politiques spécifiquement canadiennes. “A sparkling example of what aggressiveness, imagination, and skill can accomplish”: The Rise of Dubreuil Brothers Limited, 1948-1973. EN: This article argues that the brutal aftermath of the catastrophic Mississagi forest fire in 1948 enabled Dubreuil Brothers Limited (DBL), formerly of Quebec, to grow and develop while salvaging timber for the Crown. The Ontario government, so concerned with getting the project concluded, essentially tolerated sub-par performances from contractors such as DBL for the sake of expediency. The salvage shaped DBL’s formative years, but its success after 1952 was largely due to its drive and resolve. Part environmental history and part business history, the rise of Dubreuil Brothers Limited tells the distinctive story of a company that defied the stereotypical views of French-Canadian business. It may have been forged by fire but it remained viable through entrepreneurial spirit and ingenuity. FR: Dans cet article nous soutenons que l’incendie catastrophique qui a ravagé la forêt de Mississagi en 1948 a permis à Dubreuil Brother Limitée (DBL), d’origine québécoise, de croître et de se développer, en récupérant du bois pour la Couronne. Le gouvernement de l’Ontario, désireux surtout de voir achever le projet, pour ne plus avoir à s’en occuper, a toléré le travail médiocre ou inadéquat d’entrepreneurs comme DBL. Si ce projet de sauvetage a marqué la période formative de la compagnie, sa réussite après 1952 est attribuable à son dynamisme et sa détermination. À la fois histoire environnementale et histoire des affaires, la montée de Dubreuil Brothers Ltée est l’histoire distinctive d’une compagnie qui ne se conforme pas du tout au stéréotype de l’entreprise canadienne-française. Formée par le feu, elle a prospéré grâce à son esprit d’entreprise et à son ingéniosité. Books by Past Undergraduate and Graduate Students. Over the past forty years, many of our former undergraduate and graduate students have written books on a wide variety of historical subjects. To celebrate the successs of our former students, below is a listing of these works organized by the year of their first publication (many have been reprinted with demand). If you are a former student and do not see your book(s) below, please email the department administrative office ([email protected]) and it will be included. Books derived in part of in whole from work done while a student in our programs are indicated by an asterix (*) before the title. *Currently being rebuilt and updated January 2018* Will be organized alphabetically by last name and year of publication. LÄHTEET & KIRJALLISUUS. Tärkein tietolähde Lakehead Finns -projektia varten on ollut Michel S. Beaulieun kirja Labour at the Lakehead: Ethnicity, Socialism, and Politics, 1900-35 (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2011). Kirja perustuu ympäri Kanadaa löytyvien eri arkistokokoelmien tietoihin. Merkittävin on Lakeheadin yliopiston kirjaston arkisto, joka sisältää Finlandia Club -kokoelman sekä Thunder Bay-Suomi -historiallisen seuran kokoelman. Toinen tärkeä tietolähteenä käytetty arkisto on Library and Archives of Canada, jossa sijaitsee Finnish Organization of Canada, Finnish Association of Port Arthur, the Community Party of Canada ja the Communist International -järjestöjen rahastot . Erittäin arvokkaita olivat myös Kanadan Suojelupoliisin ja Kanadan ratsupoliisin asiakirjoihin liittyvät tallenteet. Lähteinä käytettiin näiden lisäksi useita eri Ontarion provinssin, Thunder Bayn kaupungin ja Thunder Bayn historiallisen museon yhteisön arkistojen kokoelmia. Joukko muita teoksia ovat ilmoittaneet Lakehead Finns -verkkosivuhankkeen tarjonneen erinomaisen taustan ja täydentävää lisälukemista kanadansuomalaisesta kokemuksesta ja alueen historiasta. Elokuva. Letters from Karelia. Directed by Kelly Saxberg. National Film Board of Canada, 2004. Under the Red Star . Directed by Kelly Saxberg. Shebafilms, 2011. Tärkeimmät Serials ja sanomalehdet. Canadan Uutiset (Finnish-language) Fort William Daily Times-Journal. Fort William Morning Herald. Industrialisti (Finnish Language) Metsätyöläinen (Finnish Language) Port Arthur Daily News. Port Arthur News-Chronicle. Thunder Bay Chronicle-Journal. Työkansa (Finnish language) Wage-Earner (Fort William) Toissijainen Lähde. Avery, Donald. “ Dangerous Foreigners”: European Immigrant Workers and Labour Radicalism in Canada, 1896-1932. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1979. Avery, Donald. Reluctant Host: Canada’s Response to Immigrant Workers, 1896-1994 . Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1995. Beasley, Thomas F. “The 1909 Freight Handlers’ Strike: Col. Sam Steele Searches Strikers for Guns.” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers and Records 17 (1989): 18-20. Beaulieu, Michel S., ed. Essays in Northwestern Ontario Working Class History: Thunder Bay and Its Environs. Thunder Bay: Lakehead University Centre for Northern Studies, 2008. Beaulieu, Michel S. “Reacting to the Workers’ Revolt: The Lakehead and the Winnipeg General Strike.” Left History 14:2 (2009): 18-32. Beaulieu, Michel S., and Chris Southcott. North of Superior: An Illustrated History of Northwestern Ontario. Toronto: James Lorimer, 2010. Campbell, Peter. “The Cult of Spontaneity: Finnish-Canadian Bushworkers and the Industrial Workers of the World in Northern Ontario, 1919- 1934.” Labour/Le Travail 41 (Spring 1998): 117-46. Canada Suomalainen Sosialistijärjeston Ensimmäisen Edustajakokouksen Pöytäkirja, Port Arthuissa, Ont . Port Arthur: Työkansa Publishing, 1914. Canadan Suomalainen Järjestö 24 Vuotta. Sudbury: Vapaus Publishing, 1936. Chochla, Mark., ed. “Tulio Mior, Bushworker and Labour Leader.” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers and Records 28 (2000): 23- 50. Dahlie, Jorgen, and Tissa Fernando, eds. Ethnicity, Power, and Politics in Canada. Toronto: Methuen, 1981. Dunk, Thomas W. It’s A Working Man’s Town: Male Working-Class Culture . Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1991; reprinted 1994. Eklund, William. Builders of Canada: History of the Finnish Organization of Canada, 1911-1971. Translated by Vappu Tyyskä. Toronto: Finnish Organization of Canada, 1987. Eklund, William. “The Formative Years of the Finnish Organization of Canada.” In Finnish Diaspora I: Canada, South America, Africa, Australia and Sweden, edited by Michael G. Karni. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario, 1981. Ganz, A. Harding. “The German Expedition to Finland, 1918.” Military Affairs 44, no. 2 (April 1980): 84-91. Harpelle, Ronald, Varpu Lindström, and Alexis Pogorelskin, eds. Karelian Exodus: Finnish Communities in North America and Soviet Karelia during the Depression Era. Beaverton, ON: Aspasia Books, 2004. Hatton, C. Nathan. Rugged Game: Community, Culture, and Wrestling at the Lakehead to 1933. Thunder Bay: Northern Studies Press, 2012. Hodgson, John. Communism in Finland. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967. Iacovetta, Franca, with Paula Draper and Robert Ventresca, eds. A Nation of Immigrants: Women, Workers, and Communities in Canadian History, 1840s-1960s. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998. Jewell, Gary. The History of the IWW in Canada. Chicago: Industrial Workers of the World, 1975. Jussila, Osmo. Maakunnasta valtioksi: Sumomen valtion synty. Helsinki: WSOY, 1978. Jussila, Osmo. “Die russische Reichsgesetzgeburng in Finnland in den Jahren 1809-1898.” Jahrbücher für Geshichte Osteuropas 33 (1985): 345- 65. Jussila, Osmo, Seppo Hentilä, and Jukka Nevakivi. Suomen poliittinen historia. Helsinki: WSOY, 2000. Karni, Michael G. Finnish Diaspora I: Canada, South America, Africa, Australia, and Sweden. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario, 1981. Karni, Michael G. Finnish Diaspora II: United States. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario, 1981. Karni, Michael G., Matti E. Kraups, and Douglas J. Ollila Jr., eds. The Finnish Experience in the Western Great Lakes Region: New Perspectives . Turku, Finland: Institute for Migration Studies, 1975. Kealey, Gregory S. “State Repression of Labour and the Left in Canada, 1914-1920: The Impact of the First World War.” Canadian Historical Review 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 281-314. Kealey, Gregory S., and Whitaker, Reg, eds., The RCMP Security Bulletins: The Depression Years, Part I, 1933-34. St. John’s: Canadian Committee on Labour History, 1993. Kealey, Gregory S., eds. The RCMP Security Bulletins: The Depression Years, Part II, 1935. St. John’s: Canadian Committee on Labour History, 1995. Kealey, Gregory S., eds. The RCMP Security Bulletins: The Early Years, 1919-29. St. John’s: Canadian Committee on Labour History, 1994. Kero, Reino. Migration from Finland to North America in the Years Between the United States Civil War and the First World War . Turku: Institute for Migration Studies, 1974. Kostiainen, Auvo. The Forging of Finnish-American Communism, 1917-1924: A Study in Ethnic Radicalism. Turku, Finland: Turun Yliopisto, 1978. Kouhi, Christine. “Labour and Finnish Immigration to Thunder Bay: 1876-1914.” Lakehead University Review 9, no. 1 (Spring 1976): 41-55. Leier, Mark. Where the Fraser River Flows: The Industrial Workers of the World in British Columbia . Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990. Lindström, Varpu. Defiant Sisters: A Social History of Finnish Immigrant Women in Canada, 2nd ed. Beaverton, ON: Aspasia Books, 2003. Lindström, Varpu. The Finns in Canada . Ottawa: Canadian Historical Association, 1985. MacDowell, Laurel Sefton. Renegade Lawyer: The Life of J.L. Cohen. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. MacDowell, Laurel Sefton. “The Mysterious Deaths at Onion Lake.” Beaver (April/May 1995): 32-34. Manley, John. “Canadian Communists, Revolutionary Unionism and the ‘Third Period’: The Workers’ Unity League, 1929-1935.” Journal of the Canadian Historical Association, New Series 5 (1994): 167-94. Mauro, Joseph M. A History of Thunder Bay. Thunder Bay: City of Thunder Bay, 1981. McCormack, A. Ross. Reformers, Rebels, and Revolutionaries: The Western Canadian Radical Movement, 1899-1919. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977. McKay, Ian. “For a New Kind of History: A Reconnaissance of 100 Years of Canadian Socialism.” Labour/Le Travail 46 (Fall 2000): 69-125. McKay, Ian. Reasoning Otherwise: Leftists and the People’s Enlightenment in Canada, 1890 – 1920. Toronto: Between the Lines Press, 2008. McKay, Ian. Rebels, Reds, Radicals: Rethinking Canada’s Left History. Toronto: Between the Lines Press, 2005. McKay, Ian. “The Liberal Order Framework: A Prospectus for a Reconnaissance of Canadian History.” Canadian Historical Review 81, no. 3 (September 2000): 617-45. Metsaranta, Marc. Project Bay Street: Activities of Finnish-Canadians in Thunder Bay before 1915. Thunder Bay: Finnish Canadian Historical Society, 1989. Morrison, Jean. “Cobalt Agitators Played a Part in Lakehead Labour Battles.” Highgrader Magazine (Christmas 2005): 22-23. Morrison, Jean. “Colbalt Agitators Stir Up Lakehead Union Interest.” Highgrader Magazine (Fall 2005): 24-26. Morrison, Jean. “Ethnicity and Class Consciousness: British, Finnish, and South European Workers at the Canadian Lakehead before World War 1.” Lakehead University Review 9, no. 1 (1976): 55-65. Morrison, Jean. “Frederick Urry, Architect: The Wage-Earner’s Advocate.” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers and Records 14 (1986): 8-22. Morrison, Jean. “Labour in Fort William and Port Arthur, 1903-1913.” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers and Records 1 (1973): 23-30. Morrison, Jean. Labour Pains: Thunder Bay’s Working Class in Canada’s Wheat Boom Era. Thunder Bay: Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 2009. Otter, W.D. Internment Operations, 1914-1920. Ottawa: n.p., 1921. Paivo, Aku. Canadan Suomalainsen Sosialisti jarjeston Ensimmainen Edustaja-Kokouksen Poytakirja . Port Arthur: Työkansan Kirjapaino, 1914. Pilli, Arja. The Finnish-Language Press in Canada, 1901-1939: A Study in the History of Ethnic Journalism . Turku, Finland: Institute for Migration Studies,1982. Piovesana, Roy. Robert J. Manion: Member of Parliament for Fort William, 1917-1935. Thunder Bay: Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1990. Polvinen, Tuomo. Valtakunta ja rajamaa: N. I. Bobrikov Sumomen kenraalikuvernöö 1898-1904. Helsinki: WSOY, 1984. Puntila, LA. The Political History of Finland, 1809-1966, translated by David Miller. Helsinki: Otava Publishing, 1974. Radforth, Ian. Bushworkers and Bosses: Logging in Northern Ontario 1900-1980. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. Raffo, Peter. “Oral Witness versus Documentary Evidence: The Case of Rosvall and Voutilainen.” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers and Records 29 (2001): 3-34. Rasporich, A.W. “Ethnicity in Lakehead Politics, 1900-1930.” Polyphony 9, no. 2 (1987): 61-66. Rasporich, A.W. “Twin City Ethnopolitics: Urban Rivalry, Ethnic Radicalism and Assimilation in the Lakehead, 1900-1970.” Urban History Review/Revue d’histoire urbaine 18, no. 3 (February 1990): 210-30. Ratz, David Karl. “Aid to Civil Power: The 96th ‘Lakehead Superior Regiment’ 1909 and 1912.” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers and Records 19 (1991): 51-64. Repo, Satu. “Lakehead in the Thirties, a Labour Militant Remembers.” This Magazine 13, no. 3 (July/August 1979): 42-43. Repo, Satu. “Rosvall and Voutilainen: Two Union Men Who Never Died.” Labour/Le Travail 8/9 (Autumn/Spring 1981/82): 79-102. Roberts, Barbara. Whence They Came: Deportation from Canada, 1900-1935. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1988. Ross, Gerald. “Fort William’s Enemy Alien ‘Problem’ during the First World War.” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers and Records 22 (1994): 1-22. Saarinen, Oiva W. Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A Historical Geography of the Finns in the Sudbury Area. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1993. Sangster, Joan. Dreams of Equality: Women on the Canadian Left, 1920-1950. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1989. Sangster, Joan. “Finnish Women in Ontario, 1890-1930.” Polyphony 3 (1981): 46-54. Sangster, Joan. “The Communist Party and the Woman Question, 1922-1929.” Labour/Le Travail 15 (Spring 1985): 25-56. Scollie, F.B. “Louis Lawrence Peltier (1853-1939): Railway Labour Leader, Mayor of Fort William 1909-10.” Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society Papers and Records 32 (2004): 10-30. Tester, Jim, ed. Sports Pioneers: A History of the Finnish-Canadian Amateur Sports Federation 1906-1986 . Sudbury: Alerts AC Historical Committee, 1986. Thompson, Fred. The IWW: Its First Fifty Years (1905-1955): The History of an Effort to Organize the Working Class. Chicago: Industrial Workers of the World, 1955. Tolvanen, Ahti. Finntown: A Perspective on Urban Integration. Port Arthur Finns in the Inter-war Period: 1918-1939. Helsinki: University of Helsinki, 1985. Tolvanen, Ahti. “Population Development of Finns in Port Arthur.” Polyphony 9, no. 2 (1987): 43-45. Tommila, Päiviö. Suuri adressi. Helsinki: WSOY, 1999. Tronrud, Thorold J. Guardians of Progress: Boosters and Boosterism in Thunder Bay, 1870-1914. Thunder Bay: Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1993. Tronrud, Thorold J., and A. Ernest Epp, eds. Thunder Bay: From Rivalry to Unity. Thunder Bay: Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1995. Upton, Anthony F. The Finnish Revolution, 1917-1918. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980. Various, A Century of Sport in the Finnish Community of Thunder Bay . Thunder Bay: Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame/Thunder Bay Finnish Canadian Historical Society, 2012. Virtanen, Keijo. Settlement or Return? Finnish Emigrants (1860-1920). Helsinki: Migration Institute, 1979. Wilson, J. Donald. “Matti Kurikka and A.B. Mäkelä: Socialist Thought among Finns in Canada, 1900-1932.” Canadian Ethnic Studies 10, no. 2 (1978): 9-21. Wilson, J. Donald. “The Finnish Organisation of Canada, the ‘Language Barrier,’ and the Assimilation Process.” Canadian Ethnic Studies 9, no. 2 (1977): 107-16. Wilson, J. Donald and Jorgen Dahlie. “Introduction.” Canadian Ethnic Studies 10, no. 2 (1978): 1-8. Yrjö, Ravio. Kanadan Suomalaisten Historia, vol. 1. Sudbury: n.p., 1979. Yuzyk, Paul. Ukrainians in Manitoba: A Social History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1953. No Holds Barred: Nathan Hatton on His Book 'Rugged Game' and the History of Catch Wrestling. On this edition of No Holds Barred, host Eddie Goldman speaks with Nathan Hatton. He is the author of the new book about catch wrestling history entitled "Rugged Game: Community, Culture and Wrestling at the Lakehead to 1933". Dr. Hatton, who describes himself as a recreational wrestler, will be teaching history at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, starting this fall. This book details the rich history of both amateur and professional wrestling from the late 1800s to 1933 in the Lakehead, Ontario, region, whose main city is now today known as Thunder Bay. Although it is published by the Lakehead University Centre for Northern Studies, and has numerous, helpful footnotes and ample documentation, this book was written for the general public and is highly readable. Dr. Hatton said his aim was to "bridge the gap" between popular writing and academic research, and he certainly has succeeded with this book. Unlike today, in those days much of professional wrestling was a real sport, although to what degree is still debated. There also was considerable cooperation and connection between many of the people involved in amateur and professional wrestling. "There was a real heyday for wrestling on this continent between the early 1880s and into the early to mid-1920s, where you had the development of catch-as-catch-wrestling," said Dr. Hatton in this interview, which was recorded over Skype on Sunday. "Catch-as-catch-can is really the precursor to modern freestyle/folkstyle wrestling." In catch wrestling, you can win by pin or submission. With stars like world heavyweight champion Frank Gotch and many internationally-known as well as local wrestlers, professional wrestling was a major sport. "There was a period, when much like boxing, the best wrestlers unquestionably on the planet were professional wrestlers," he explained. There were also numerous grassroots wrestling clubs and organizations, including many based in the working class and working class organizations, such as the Finnish Labour Temple and even the Communist Party of Canada and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). The book details the relation of the growth of wrestling in this region to the growth of the economy, industry, and trade, as well as the accompanying national and ethnic tensions and disputes. We discussed the growth and decline of catch wrestling in this region, how much of it we can be certain was real and how much was staged, the lessons this period teaches for reviving catch wrestling today, and much, much more. "Rugged Game: Community, Culture and Wrestling at the Lakehead to 1933" by Nathan Hatton is a must-read book for wrestling historians and aficionados, combat sports fans, labor historians and activists, and anybody who appreciates good sports history. Buy it, read it, learn, enjoy, and pass on its lessons. The No Holds Barred theme song is called "The Heist", which is also available on iTunes by composer Ian Snow.