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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI film*; the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Z eeb Road.Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346USA 313/761-4700 800:521-0600 Order Number 9517060 Politics of labor reform in post-transition Brazil: Possibilities and limits of the labor reform in a conservative transition Oh, Samgyo, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1994 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 POLITICS OF LABOR REFORM IN POST-TRANSITION BRAZIL: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS OF THE LABOR REFORM IN A CONSERVATIVE TRANSITION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by SAMGYO OH, B.A., M.A. ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ The Ohio State University 199 4 Dissertation Committee: Approved by R. William Liddle Goldie Shabad Felipe Aguero Adviser Department of Political Science TO MY PARENTS I i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful to Professors William Liddle, Goldie Shabad, and Felipe Agiiero for serving on my dissertation committee. Professor Liddle offered intellectual guidance for this study and was always willing to help out with whatever problems occurred during the course of research. I owe him a great deal of encouragement and patience. Professor Shabad was very kind and understanding in various stages of the writing of the dissertation. Professor Agiiero offered very valuable criticism and comments which were critical in developing and refining some of the basic ideas in the dissertation. I am also thankful to the Tinker Foundation for supporting my travel to Brazil. Numerous people in Brazil were very helpful and kind. I thank all the interviewees who were willing to give their precious time and expert knowledge. I am especially thankful to Sandra Valle who not only granted interviews several times but also referred me to several influential figures including former Labor Minister Pazzianotto. I am also indebted to Antbnio Augusto de Queiroz of DIAP. He not only let me use major publications and documents of DIAP but also gave his precious time to share his intimate knowledge on the process of labor reform. Maria Silvia Poriella de Castro of the CUT also was generous in giving out CUT publications and making some of the internal documents available to me. Sergio Ferreira, a researcher in FASE and author of the Politicas Governamentais (IBASE) on union policy, not only made available m ost of his writings on the union policy but also spoke with me several hours sharing his expertise. I would also like to thank three women in the Senate Library in Brasilia who helped me find and copy newspaper clippings. I should also mention the help of Stanley Gacek, who is a prominent authority in Brazilian labor law and referred me to many important people in Brazil. I’d also like to thank Mark Payne for editing the writing and sharing many of his knowledge on politics of tax reform. To my wife, Mila, I extend my deepest appreciation and affection for her support and patience. I am also proud of my son, Jongseok, who had great patience and understanding on many occasions in which we could not spend time together. VITA March 8, 1957 .......................................................... Born - Kwangju, Korea 1 9 7 9 ............................................................................... B.A., College of Education, Seoul National University 1 9 8 1 B.A., College of Social Science, Seoul National University 1 9 8 4 ............................................................................... M.A., Graduate School, Seoul National University FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Political Science Studies in: Comparative politics (Latin American politics, Democratic transition, Political Development) Political Thought v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION i i ACKNOWLEDGMENT.......................................................................................................................................iil VITA........................................................................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES...............................................................................................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES..............................................................................................................................................x ABBREVIATIONS x i CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................1 Democratic transition and labor reform...............................................................................1 Labor reform in Brazil and the question of continuity....................................................3 Dimensions of labor reform........................................................................................................ 6 Literature review .........................................................................................................................1 0 Frame of analysis.......................................................................................................................... 1 7 Scope and method of the study................................................................................................. 22 Structure of the study.................................................................................................................2 5 II. A TALE OF TWO TRANSITIONS: TRANSITIONS IN THE POLITICAL REGIME AND IN THE LABOR MOVEMENT...............................................................................................27 Transition in the political regime .......................................................................................2 8 Elite-controlled transition...............................................................................................28 Continuity in the democratic transition.....................................................................33 Labor in transition....................................................................................................................... 38 Political opening and mobilization of labor during 1 9 7 8 -8.......................... 0 38 Formation of the New Unionism......................................................................................46 Labor movement and the transition elite............................................................................5 2 Conclusion: the limit of continuity .....................................................................................54 vi III. CRISIS OF THE CORPORATIST LABOR SYSTEM AND THE STRENGTH OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT.......................................................................................................... 58 Corporatist labor system in Brazil...................................................................................58 Evolution of the corporatist system......................................................................................65 Crisis of the corporatist labor s y ste m .............................................................................. 69 Strike movement..................................................................................................................70 Union structure.....................................................................................................................74 Union ideologies.....................................................................................................................7 5 Collective bargaining.........................................................................................................77 Factory committee.................................................................................................................81 Structural source of the crisis ..............................................................................................83 Structural change of the economy..................................................................................84 Wage squeeze ..........................................................................................................................88
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