Italy's Atlanticism Between Foreign and Internal
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The Transformation of Italian Democracy
Bulletin of Italian Politics Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009, 29-47 The Transformation of Italian Democracy Sergio Fabbrini University of Trento Abstract: The history of post-Second World War Italy may be divided into two distinct periods corresponding to two different modes of democratic functioning. During the period from 1948 to 1993 (commonly referred to as the First Republic), Italy was a consensual democracy; whereas the system (commonly referred to as the Second Republic) that emerged from the dramatic changes brought about by the end of the Cold War functions according to the logic of competitive democracy. The transformation of Italy’s political system has thus been significant. However, there remain important hurdles on the road to a coherent institutionalisation of the competitive model. The article reconstructs the transformation of Italian democracy, highlighting the socio-economic and institutional barriers that continue to obstruct a competitive outcome. Keywords: Italian politics, Models of democracy, Parliamentary government, Party system, Interest groups, Political change. Introduction As a result of the parliamentary elections of 13-14 April 2008, the Italian party system now ranks amongst the least fragmented in Europe. Only four party groups are represented in the Senate and five in the Chamber of Deputies. In comparison, in Spain there are nine party groups in the Congreso de los Diputados and six in the Senado; in France, four in the Assemblée Nationale an d six in the Sénat; and in Germany, six in the Bundestag. Admittedly, as is the case for the United Kingdom, rather fewer parties matter in those democracies in terms of the formation of governments: generally not more than two or three. -
Gruppo Dei Genetisti Forensi Italiani 21° Convegno Nazionale
gruppo dei Genetisti Forensi Italiani 21° Convegno Nazionale Lipari, 5-7 settembre 2006 PRESENTAZIONE Cari Amici e Colleghi, siamo particolarmente lieti di invitarVi per il 21° Convegno GeFI che si terrà nell’isola di Lipari, presso l’Hotel “Tritone”, dal 5 al 7 settembre 2006. È un grande onore per noi della Sezione di medicina legale del Dipartimento di medicina sociale del territorio dell’Università di Messina, organizzare quest’altro incontro del Gruppo e siamo grati al Presidente, Prof. Adriano Tagliabracci ed al Consiglio di Presidenza dei Genetisti Forensi Italiani. Anche in questa occasione, come consuetudine, la scelta degli argomenti va di pari passo con l’evoluzione delle conoscenze tecnico-scientifiche, in una fase storica caratterizzata dal rapido espandersi degli ambiti di applicazione della genetica, anche nel settore forense e dall’enorme interesse della società, sempre affascinata dal potere identificativo della persona, sia per quanto attiene alla definizione dei rapporti di consanguineità, che per quanto concerne le investigazioni criminalistiche; interesse documentato, tra l’altro, dal notevolissimo successo di serie e programmi televisivi e dall’enorme espansione dei media rispetto a casi giudiziari “high profile”. Sulla base di tali premesse, quindi, è stato definito un programma convegnistico capace di raccogliere l’attualità e le prospettive dell’analisi genetica forense, anche dal punto di vista giuridico-processuale, in relazione alla verosimilmente prossima introduzione, anche in Italia, di una banca dati di DNA a fini criminalistici. Ciò rende particolarmente stimolante ed affascinante il nostro difficile compito di genetisti forensi che non può e non deve prescindere dalla più alta missione relativa alla definizione ed applicazione condivisa di regole tecnico- scientifiche atte a produrre “evidenza”, sempre più spesso comprovante - e definitivamente - realtà attributive di diritti fondamentali della persona umana. -
03.Spacont49.Branciforte.3A Bozza:03.Spacont47.Novarino.1A
GLI ANNI DEL NEOCENTRISMO ITALIANO E LA SOSPETTOSA SPAGNA Laura Branciforte Introduzione Le relazioni politiche, economiche e culturali tra Spagna e Italia du- rante la dittatura franchista sono state senza dubbio altalenanti e disconti- nue. La prudenza e la cordialità sono stati alcuni degli ingredienti della politica estera italiana, mentre un atteggiamento sospettoso e al tempo stesso melanconico di una sintonia e complicità perdute hanno contraddi- stinto la politica estera spagnola. In quest’articolo si descrive la percezio- ne che si ebbe in Spagna del complesso contesto politico italiano nel mo- mento del passaggio dalla prima legislatura (dall’8 maggio 1948 al 24 giugno 1953) alla seconda legislatura (dal 25 giugno 1953 all’11 giugno 1958), quando l’instabilità dei governi, terminata la lunga era degasperia- na (fatta di otto governi tra il 1946 e il 1953), lasciò spazio all’incognita del cambiamento, a un ricambio generazionale e alle premesse per la spe- rimentazione di un nuovo modello di Stato. La fine politica di De Gaspe- ri, dopo le elezioni del 7 giugno 1953, si percepì in Spagna come un mo- mento di particolare instabilità. Il ministero degli Affari Esteri spagnolo, così come la stampa, guardarono con sospetto a un’Italia la cui politica era accusata di essere “dominata” dal comunismo e da un debole cattoli- cesimo politico. Negli anni che trascorsero tra la fine della Seconda Guerra Mondiale e gli anni Cinquanta, il modo in cui la Spagna guardava all’Italia si fece sempre più “sospettoso” e non privo di giudizi e condanne di tipo politico e morale. Siamo lontani dai generosi apprezzamenti spagnoli dell’imme- diato dopoguerra nei confronti dell’Italia, quando, dall’ambasciata di Spa- gna presso il Quirinale, José Antonio de Sangróniz y Castro inviava mes- saggi fiduciosi e ottimisti al ministro degli Affari Esteri Carlo Sforza ri- guardo all’immediata e auspicata normalizzazione delle relazioni, e anche “Spagna contemporanea”, 2016, n. -
October 22, 1962 Amintore Fanfani Diaries (Excepts)
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified October 22, 1962 Amintore Fanfani Diaries (excepts) Citation: “Amintore Fanfani Diaries (excepts),” October 22, 1962, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Italian Senate Historical Archives [the Archivio Storico del Senato della Repubblica]. Translated by Leopoldo Nuti. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/115421 Summary: The few excerpts about Cuba are a good example of the importance of the diaries: not only do they make clear Fanfani’s sense of danger and his willingness to search for a peaceful solution of the crisis, but the bits about his exchanges with Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Carlo Russo, with the Italian Ambassador in London Pietro Quaroni, or with the USSR Presidium member Frol Kozlov, help frame the Italian position during the crisis in a broader context. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: Italian Contents: English Translation The Amintore Fanfani Diaries 22 October Tonight at 20:45 [US Ambassador Frederick Reinhardt] delivers me a letter in which [US President] Kennedy announces that he must act with an embargo of strategic weapons against Cuba because he is threatened by missile bases. And he sends me two of the four parts of the speech which he will deliver at midnight [Rome time; 7 pm Washington time]. I reply to the ambassador wondering whether they may be falling into a trap which will have possible repercussions in Berlin and elsewhere. Nonetheless, caught by surprise, I decide to reply formally tomorrow. I immediately called [President of the Republic Antonio] Segni in Sassari and [Foreign Minister Attilio] Piccioni in Brussels recommending prudence and peace for tomorrow’s EEC [European Economic Community] meeting. -
2009-10 KFOR Chronicle:Layout 1.Qxd
10 years ago, I was tasked to train and prepare the first Austrian contingent for KFOR. Although this is my first tour in Kosovo, I was quite impressed with the development of the mission and the country during the past 10 years. The development was successful because a large number of soldiers served in a very professional way to include the numerous organizations working in KOSOVO and the people living here. “We are truly “MOVING FORWARD”. Nevertheless, most of us will agree that many issues remain to be solved and more time is needed to heal the wounds of the conflict. As a professional soldier, I always look forward, and from this prospective the question arise: “Can we do our mission even with less people and means?” We will soon enter the new phase called “Deterrent Presence”. According to our success the number of forces will shrink. In this respect, I think we also have to look for new ways of seeing opportunities and not only challenges. According to the outlay of mission, the Multinational Battle Groups (MNBG) will remain self-sustaining in many ways. The logistic footprint will still be quite impressive. In the months to come we will have to prove that every soldier is mission necessary. Intelligence and logistic could be fields of extended cooperation between nations and MNBG in the future. A Joint Logistic Support Group (JLSG) will take over some of the responsibilities each nation had to sustain on their own so far. To implement this new structure in KFOR, it will not be an easy process, but the concept of JLSG will be tested in reality in theater. -
Archivio Centrale Dello Stato Inventario Del Fondo Ugo La Malfa Sala Studio
Archivio centrale dello Stato Inventario del fondo Ugo La Malfa Sala Studio INVENTARIO DEL FONDO UGO LA MALFA (1910 circa – 1982) a cura di Cristina Farnetti e Francesca Garello Roma 2004-2005 Il fondo Ugo La Malfa è di proprietà della Fondazione Ugo La Malfa, via S.Anna 13 – 00186 Roma www.fondazionelamalfa.org [email protected] Depositato in Archivio centrale dello Stato dal 1981 Il riordino e l’inventariazione è stato finanziato dal Ministero per i beni e le attività culturali. Direzione generale per gli archivi II INDICE GENERALE INTRODUZIONE .................................................................................................V INVENTARIO DEL FONDO ............................................................................ XI SERIE I. ATTI E CORRISPONDENZA...............................................................1 SERIE II ATTIVITÀ POLITICA .........................................................................13 SOTTOSERIE 1. APPUNTI RISERVATI 50 SERIE III. CARICHE DI GOVERNO ................................................................59 SOTTOSERIE 1. GOVERNI CON ORDINAMENTO PROVVISORIO (GOVERNO PARRI E I GOVERNO DE GASPERI) 61 SOTTOSERIE 2. MINISTRO SENZA PORTAFOGLIO (VI GOVERNO DE GASPERI) 63 SOTTOSERIE 3. MINISTRO PER IL COMMERCIO CON L'ESTERO (VI E VII GOVERNO DE GASPERI) 64 SOTTOSERIE 4. MINISTRO DEL BILANCIO (IV GOVERNO FANFANI) 73 SOTTOSERIE 5. MINISTRO DEL TESORO (IV GOVERNO RUMOR) 83 SOTTOSERIE 6. VICEPRESIDENTE DEL CONSIGLIO (IV GOVERNO MORO) 103 SOTTOSERIE 7. FORMAZIONE DEL GOVERNO E VICEPRESIDENTE -
NATO Expansion: Benefits and Consequences
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2001 NATO expansion: Benefits and consequences Jeffrey William Christiansen The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Christiansen, Jeffrey William, "NATO expansion: Benefits and consequences" (2001). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 8802. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/8802 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ■rr - Maween and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of M ontana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission X No, I do not grant permission ________ Author's Signature; Date:__ ^ ^ 0 / Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. MSThe»i9\M«r«f»eld Library Permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NATO EXPANSION: BENEFITS AND CONSEQUENCES by Jeffrey William Christiansen B.A. University of Montana, 2000 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana 2001 Approved by: hairpers Dean, Graduate School 7 - 24- 0 ^ Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
Quaderni D'italianistica : Revue Officielle De La Société Canadienne
ANGELO PRINCIPE CENTRING THE PERIPHERY. PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE ITALLVN CANADL\N PRESS: 1950-1990 The Radical Press From the end of the Second World War to the 1980s, eleven Italian Canadian radical periodicals were published: seven left-wing and four right- wing, all but one in Toronto.' The left-wing publications were: II lavoratore (the Worker), La parola (the Word), La carota (the Carrot), Forze nuove (New Forces), Avanti! Canada (Forward! Canada), Lotta unitaria (United Struggle), and Nuovo mondo (New World). The right-wing newspapers were: Rivolta ideale (Ideal Revolt), Tradizione (Tradition), // faro (the Lighthouse or Beacon), and Occidente (the West or Western civilization). Reading these newspapers today, one gets the impression that they were written in a remote era. The socio-political reality that generated these publications has been radically altered on both sides of the ocean. As a con- sequence of the recent disintegration of the communist system, which ended over seventy years of East/West confrontational tension, in Italy the party system to which these newspapers refer no longer exists. Parties bear- ing new names and advancing new policies have replaced the older ones, marking what is now considered the passage from the first to the second Republic- As a result, the articles on, or about, Italian politics published ^ I would like to thank several people who helped in different ways with this paper. Namely: Nivo Angelone, Roberto Bandiera, Damiano Berlingieri, Domenico Capotorto, Mario Ciccoritti, Elio Costa, Celestino De luliis, Odoardo Di Santo, Franca lacovetta, Teresa Manduca, Severino Martelluzzi, Roberto Perin, Concetta V. Principe, Guido Pugliese, Olga Zorzi Pugliese, and Gabriele Scardellato. -
Esercitati GRATIS On-Line! N
N. Domanda A B C D 885 DA CHI ERA COMPOSTO IL SERRISTORI, RICASOLI, PERUZZI, GUERRAZZI, LAMBRUSCHINI, GOVERNO PROVVISORIO RIDOLFI, CAPPONI PUCCIONI MONTANELLI, GIORGINI, MORDINI TOSCANO PROCLAMATO L'8 MAZZONI FEBBRAIO 1849 IN SEGUITO ALLA FUGA DA FIRENZE DI LEOPOLDO II? 886 NEL MARZO 1849, DURANTE LA A NOVARA A MONCALIERI A MAGENTA A CUSTOZA SECONDA FASE DELLA PRIMA GUERRA DI INDIPENDENZA, IN QUALE LOCALITA' LE TRUPPE DEL REGNO DI SARDEGNA FURONO SCONFITTE DALLE TRUPPE AUSTRIACHE? 887 IN QUALE LOCALITA' VITTORIO A VIGNALE A VILLAFRANCA A CUSTOZA A NOVARA EMANUELE II ACCETTO' LE CONDIZIONI ARMISTIZIALI DEL FELDMARESCIALLO RADETZKY? 888 QUALE TRA I SEGUENTI FRANCESCO CARLO PISACANE SILVIO PELLICO DANIELE MANIN PERSONAGGI PRESE PARTE ALLA DOMENICO DIFESA DI ROMA NEL 1849? GUERRAZZI 889 IN SEGUITO ALLA RESA DELLA PORTARE AIUTO PORTARE AIUTO AL ATTACCARE I ASSEDIARE PIO IX REPUBBLICA ROMANA, CON ALLA DIFESA DI GOVERNO FRANCESI A A GAETA QUALE OBIETTIVO GARIBALDI, VENEZIA PROVVISORIO CIVITAVECCHIA INSIEME A 4000 UOMINI, LASCIO' TOSCANO ROMA? 890 CHI E' L'AUTORE DELL'OPUSCOLO GIUSEPPE GIUSEPPE GIUSTI GIUSEPPE FERRARI GIUSEPPE MAZZINI "LA FEDERAZIONE MONTANELLI REPUBBLICANA", PUBBLICATO A CAPOLAGO NEL 1851? 891 QUALI POTENZE INTERRUPPERO SPAGNA E PRUSSIA E RUSSIA E IMPERO FRANCIA E LE RELAZIONI DIPLOMATICHE CON PORTOGALLO AUSTRIA OTTOMANO INGHILTERRA IL REGNO DELLE DUE SICILIE NEL 1856? 892 QUALE DIPLOMATICO SABAUDO EMILIO VISCONTI LUIIG AMEDEO COSTANTINO LUIGI PRINETTI COLLABORO' IN MODO DECISIVO VENOSTA MELEGARI NIGRA CON CAVOUR NELLE TRATTATIVE -
December 21, 1960 Report to Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Segni
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified December 21, 1960 Report to Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Segni Citation: “Report to Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Segni,” December 21, 1960, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Istituto Luigi Sturzo, Archivio Giulio Andreotti, NATO Series, Box 160, Subseries 1, Folder 012.1. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/155271 Summary: Praise for Paul-Henri Spaak in helping NATO unify Western Europe and integrate the Allied states’ economic, political, and military objectives in their ongoing struggle against the Soviet Union. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the MacArthur Foundation, Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY), and Istituto Luigi Sturzo. Original Language: Italian Contents: Scan of Original Document i&& 16l�7 11 ._ to& Henù4 Mbane aerane olla la rlral.one alaS8'8rlah a'1e.tlt1ca s1 Il cblua aa UD& "Dota ot �· Wlllfd'te U �.IOJlàe•· acrl•e oJl8 essa tt wrml.D:i.t.f� 8ll uaa ''note utaalMl8tfe-. a i• .. m 1•LJ.t.ra espressione aecllbrane det1DSra corret.�1iallt.e 11 corso e la concl'181oaa del ct11»a1 Uta Cbe. a1 sono S'VDltl a Parlgt u·urante 1 g1omt soorst. Per glaagere ad 11118. valut.z:�z1one U p1ù posulblla eaat.ta. è uceooario ��1.re da alcum .Pl9m8Ua e tormulare �cmae J;lr8C1aaz2on1. La concezlQtle eatet:aslva, e lt\ co� res\rlt.t.1V-d, aell.'Alleanza. ea1aWDU tiD dal4' f 011\.i&Zione della &Te (tl ùa r1cor�a.re 006 u r� moao art.tcolo 2 tu 1DGQJ1.t.o mm aenza uUrlcoltA nel trrat.t.at.o) al eoao p1il a»er�n:t.a rlvelat. -
St. John's Honors Scelba, Martino of Italy
William jacobellis Mario Scelba1 premier of Italy1 kisses the ring of Bishop fames Griffiths 1 23C at the special convoccttion in honor of the Italian stcltesmen early this month in Brooklyn. St. John's Honors Scelba, Martino of Italy St. John's University held a special In 1947 he became minister of in Elected in 1946 to the Constituent convocation to a ward honorary doctor ternal affairs under Alcide de Gasperi, Assembly after laboring with the Lib of laws degrees April 2 to Mario Scel serving in seven cabinets under him eral Party (which supports Scelba' s ba, premier of Italy, and Gaetano and fostering the Scelba Law which Christian Democrats) during the Fasc Martino, Italy's foreign minister, be banned Fascism and Communism. ist era, he served as the Assembly's fore 500 guests at the Downtown During World War II he had been vice president and as vice president ·.Jf Division. arrested by the Germans, but reentered the Chamber of Deputies. Columbia and Fordham Universities public life as one of the five directors Last year he was named minister of similarly honored the two visiting Ital of the new post-war Christian Demo education and only a few months ago ian statesmen who have since returned crat Party. became minister of foreign affairs. to their native country. Since the beginning of 1954, he has Very Rev. John A. Flynn, C.M., ex been premier of Italy, gaining nine tended the University's greetings at Scelba (pronounced Shell-ba), often votes of confidence. Premier Scelba is the Convocation, and Rev. -
Refractory Migrants. Fascist Surveillance on Italians in Australia, 1922-1943
Saggi Refractory Migrants. Fascist Surveillance on Italians in Australia, 1922-1943 Gianfranco Cresciani Ministry for the Arts, New South Wales, Australia There are exiles that gnaw and others that are like consuming fire. There is a heartache for the murdered country… PABLO NERUDA We can never forget what happened to our country and we must always remind those responsible that we know who they are. ELIZABETH RIVERA One of the more salient and frightening aspects of European dictatorships during the Twentieth Century, in their effort to achieve totalitarian control of their societies, was the grassroots surveillance carried out by their state secu- rity organisations, of the plots and machinations of their opponents*. Nobody described better this process of capillary penetration in the minds and condi- tioning of the lives of people living under Communist or Fascist regimes than George Orwell in his book Nineteen Eighty-Four, published in 1949 and warning us on the danger of Newspeak, Doublethink, Big Brother and the Thought Police. However, the process of mass surveillance of refractory sub- jects preceded the rise of totalitarianism. The Ochrana in Tsarist Russia and the Direzione Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza (hereafter DGPS, Directorate- General of Public Safety) in Liberal Italy, to give just two examples, had al- 6 © Edizioni della Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli gennaio-giugno 2004 ready begun this screening practice at the end of the Nineteenth Century1. However, it was in the Twentieth Century that the obsession for pervasive, absolute