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A Rosa Branca E a Correção Da (In)Justiça Nacional-Socialista No Pós- Guerra Interface Entre História, Direito E Tradução

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A Rosa Branca E a Correção Da (In)Justiça Nacional-Socialista No Pós- Guerra Interface Entre História, Direito E Tradução UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA E LITERATURA ALEMÃ JANAINA LOPES SALGADO A Rosa Branca e a Correção da (In)justiça Nacional-socialista no Pós- guerra Interface entre História, Direito e Tradução (versão corrigida) São Paulo 2017 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA E LITERATURA ALEMÃ JANAINA LOPES SALGADO A Rosa Branca e a Correção da (In)justiça Nacional-socialista no Pós-guerra Interface entre História, Direito e Tradução Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de mestre em Língua e Literatura Alemã Área de Concentração: Tradução Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Tinka Reichmann (versão corrigida) São Paulo 2017 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação da publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Salgado, Janaina Lopes S164r A Rosa Branca e a Correção da (In)Justiça Nacional- socialista no Pós-guerra: Interface entre História, Direito e Tradução / Janaina Lopes Salgado ; orientador Tinka Reichmann. - São Paulo, 2017. 226 f. Dissertação (Mestrado)- Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Letras Modernas. Área de concentração: Língua e Literatura Alemã. 1. Nazismo. 2. Rosa Branca. 3. Tradução. 4. Direito. 5. Unrecht (Injustiça extrema). I. Reichmann, Tinka, orient. II. Título. SALGADO, Janaina Lopes A Rosa Branca e a Correção da (In)justiça Nacional-socialista no Pós-guerra: Interface entre História, Direito e Tradução Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de mestre em Língua e Literatura Alemã Aprovado em: 03/07/2017 . Banca Examinadora: Profª. Drª.: Ana Lúcia Pastore Schritzmeyer . Instituição: FFLCH-USP . Julgamento: aprovada . Assinatura: . Prof. Dr.: Luís Virgílio Afonso da Silva . Instituição: FD-USP . Julgamento: aprovada . Assinatura: . Prof. Dr.: Sven Ulrich Korzilius . Instituição: Externo . Julgamento: aprovada . Assinatura: . Ao amado Russo, melhor companheiro de estudos. Por me tornar uma pessoa melhor e mais forte, Por estar sempre ao meu lado. In memorian AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu marido, Rodrigo, pelo companheirismo, amizade e grande amor. Pelo apoio irrestrito e paciente. Ao Russo, Miu e Nikita, pelo amor, companhia, carinho e momentos únicos de descontração. À minha família. Meus pais, irmãos e amados sobrinhos, em especial Ana Caroline. À Profª. Tinka Reichmann, por todos os ensinamentos desde a graduação. Pelo apoio ao desenvolvimento desta pesquisa e orientação cuidadosa em reuniões divertidas e produtivas. À Profª. Juliana Pasquarelli Perez, pelo apoio sempre animado e carinhoso, pelas risadas e por idealizar a tradução do livro A Rosa Branca, fonte de tantas pesquisas e experiências gratificantes. Às rosinhas Anna Carolina, Eline, Flora e Yasmin, por enriquecerem de forma tão linda minha formação acadêmica e pessoal, principalmente pela amizade incrível que surgiu deste projeto. Aos amigos que acompanharam toda minha formação e crescimento pessoal, participaram das vitórias e conflitos. Obrigada pela compreensão e paciência, por estarem presentes até mesmo nas noites em claro e pela força em todos os momentos. Aos meus queridos alunos, pelo carinho, incentivo e momentos de descontração. À Profª. Maria Luisa Tucci Carneiro, pelo apoio constante e cuidadoso aos projetos da Rosa Branca e pelos comentários valiosos no exame de qualificação. À Profª. Ana Lúcia Pastore Schritzmeyer, pela leitura cuidadosa e contribuições valiosas na defesa. Ao Prof. Virgílio Afonso da Silva, pelo incentivo no exame de qualificação, pelas valiosas contribuições bibliográficas da área do Direito, pela leitura cuidadosa e contribuições valiosas na defesa. Ao Prof. Sven Korzilius, pelos ensinametos e contribuições ao longo de todo o mestrado, pela leitura atenta desta dissertação e pelas contribuições valiosas na defesa. Aos queridos professores da área de Alemão da Universidade de São Paulo, por tantos ensinamentos e por tornarem-se minha fonte de inspiração. À Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior pelo apoio financeiro ao conceder a bolsa de mestrado. A lei muda, a consciência não. [Das Gesetz ändert sich, das Gewissen nicht.] Sophie Scholl, integrante do grupo de resistência A Rosa Branca 20 de fevereiro de 1942. (Filme: Sophie Scholl. Die letzten Tage) RESUMO SALGADO, J. L. A Rosa Branca e a Correção da (In)justiça Nacional-socialista no Pós- guerra: Interface entre História, Direito e Tradução. 226 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. Com a ascensão do nacional-socialismo em 1933, iniciou-se uma série de medidas como promulgações de leis e criação de tribunais especiais para garantir a manutenção e expansão do poder do regime. Como exemplo da instrumentalização do sistema judicial nacional-socialista e suas consequências no Pós-guerra, destacamos na presente pesquisa os depoimentos de duas vítimas políticas do “Tribunal do Povo”, Hans Hirzel e Franz J. Müller. Ambos foram integrantes do grupo de resistência estudantil conhecido como Rosa Branca, cuja história contribuiu para o processo de contestação da validade de sentenças penais proferidas neste período. Desenvolvemos um estudo na interface entre as áreas da História (HUDEMANN, 2014; BENZ, 2008; STEINBACH; TUCHEL, 2004; ARENDT, 1989, entre outros) e do Direito (SILVA, 2011; ALEXY 1997; STOLLEIS, 1994; HART, 1958; RADBRUCH, 1946; entre outros), tendo como cerne o conceito de Unrecht (Injustiça extrema). Com base no modelo de análise textual de Christiane Nord (2010, 2009), dos Estudos da Tradução, destacamos a relevância de uma análise multidisciplinar da situação comunicativa e da temática dos textos-fontes para a tradução. Apresentamos uma edição bilíngue de três documentos pertinentes para abordar o conceito estudado nesta pesquisa. Nosso corpus é composto por um ofício enviado em 1983 pela Secretaria de Justiça do Estado Federado de Baden-Württemberg a Franz Müller; seu depoimento ao lado de Hans Hirzel no Parlamento Alemão em 1984, cuja temática central gira em torno da questão da validade do direito e das práticas jurídicas no período do nacional-socialismo, e a “Lei de anulação das sentenças da injustiça extrema nacional- socialista na administração da justiça penal” de 1998, medida que anulou retroativamente sentenças penais proferidas por tribunais nacional-socialistas. Trata-se de documentos que registram parte do percurso histórico e jurídico de correção da injustiça nacional-socialista no período do Pós-guerra. Com esta pesquisa, pretendemos viabilizar o acesso a pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento a este material inédito em português acerca da validade do direito legalmente produzido em períodos totalitários. Palavras-chave: Nacional-socialismo; Nazismo; Rosa Branca; Pós-guerra; Tradução; História; Direito; Unrecht (Injustiça extrema). ABSTRACT SALGADO, J. L. The White Rose and the Correction of Nacional-socialist (In)justice in the Post-War Period: Interface between History, Law and Translation. 226 p. Dissertation (Master) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. With the ascension of national-socialism in 1933, a series of measures such as promulgation of laws and the creation of special courts were introduced in order to guarantee the maintenance and expansion of the regime’s power. As an example of the use of national- socialism court system as a power tool and its consequences in the post-war period, in this research we highlight the testimony of two political victims of the “People's Court”, Hans Hirzel and Franz J. Müller. Both were part of the student resistance group known as The White Rose, which has contributed for the contestation of the validity of the criminal judgments issued in this period. We developed a study at the interface between the fields of History (HUDEMANN, 2014; BENZ, 2008; STEINBACH; TUCHEL, 2004; ARENDT, 1989, among others) and Law (SILVA, 2011; ALEXY 1997; STOLLEIS, 1994; HART, 1958; RADBRUCH, 1946; among others) having the Unrecht concept (Extreme Injustice) as the core concept. Based on the model of text analysis of Christiane Nord (2010, 2009), on Translation Studies, we highlight the relevance of interdisciplinary analysis of the communicative situation and the topic of the source texts for translation. We produce a bilingual edition of three documents that are relevant to approach the concept studied in this research. Our corpus consists of an official document sent in 1983 by the Justice Administration of the state Baden-Württemberg to Franz Müller; his testimony beside Hans Hirzel at the German parliament in 1984, which central topic is based on the validity of the law and the legal practices in the period of national socialism, and the “Law of annulation of extreme national socialist injustice in the implementation of criminal law”, from 1998, measure that cancelled retroactively criminal judgements issued by national socialist courts. These are documents that register part of the
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