Preface Vorwort

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Preface Vorwort Vorwort Preface Im November 1909 hatte Franz Schreker im By November 1909 Franz Schreker had an Wiener Musikleben schon ein klares Profil established profi le on Vienna’s musical hori- gewonnen: Man kannte ihn als kreativen und zon. He was known as a creative and inspiring anregenden Lehrer, als guten Organisator und teach er, an energetic organizer, and a talented als talentierten Dirigenten – der von ihm neu conductor (his recently founded Philharmonic gegründete Philharmonische Chor hatte zuvor Chorus had given its fi rst concert earlier that in diesem Jahr sein Debut im Konzertsaal ge- year). Nearly a decade after his concert debut geben. Fast ein Jahr zehnt nach seinem ersten Schreker was also a known quantity as a com- öffentlichen Konzert war Schreker in Wien auch poser. In 1900 this student of Robert Fuchs had als Komponist schließlich ein Begriff. Im Jahr graduated with distinction from the Vienna Con- 1900 hatte der damalige Schüler von Robert servatory, where his setting of Psalm 116 for Fuchs sein Studium am Wiener Konservatori- a three-part women’s chorus and orchestra had um erfolgreich beendet; seine Vertonung des been the featured work of the commencement 116. Psalm für dreistimmigen Frauenchor und concert. Just eight months later Ferdi nand Löwe Orchester war das Glanzstück im Abschlußkon- performed the same work in the concerts of the zert. Schon acht Monate später führte Ferdinand Gesell schaft der Musikfreunde, where it earned Löwe das Werk bei einem Gesell schafts konzert the composer the praise of both Eduard Hans- im Musikverein auf, wo es den Komponisten den lick and Max Kalbeck. Performances of other Beifall der Kritiker Eduard Hanslick und Max works followed, including a concert presenta- Kal beck gleichermaßen einbrachte. Aufführun- tion of his fi rst opera, Flam men, in 1902, but gen von anderen Werken Schre kers folgten, dar- Schreker was slow to develop an independent unter 1902 die konzertante Wiedergabe seiner compositional style. In 1921 he recalled the te- ersten Oper Flammen. Schreker war jedoch kein nor of the critical reception of his early works: Komponist, der rasch einen unabhängigen Per- “Words such as ‘conventional,’ ‘pleasing,’ ‘ec- sonalstil entwickelte. 1921 erinnert er sich, mit lec tic’ embittered me – precisely because I knew welchem Grundtenor seine frühen Stücke bei they were justifi ed.” der Kritik aufgenommen worden waren: Worte wie „konventionell“, „gefällig“, „eklektisch“ erbitterten mich – gerade darum, weil ich ihre Berechtigung empfand. Im Jahr 1908 war ihm dann schließlich By 1908, however, Schreker had found doch der Durch bruch gelungen: Die Premiere his voice, and the premiere of his pantomime von Der Geburtstag der Infantin, einer Tanz pan - Der Geburtstag der Infantin, written for the to mime für die Schwestern Wiesen thal, wurde Wie senthal sisters, was an unqualifi ed success. zu einem uneingeschränkten Erfolg. Im darauf- The next year he signed a general contract with folgenden Jahr schloß er mit der Universal Edi- Uni versal Edition, and there were prospects that tion einen Generalvertrag ab, und es bestanden the major project of these years, the still un- nun Aussichten, daß sein Hauptprojekt dieser fi nished opera, Der ferne Klang, might at last Jahre, die noch immer unfertige Oper Der ferne receive a hearing. It was with Der ferne Klang Klang, endlich Gehör fi n den würde. Als Oskar in mind that Schreker seized upon Os kar Ned- Ned bal ein neues Stück zur Aufführung in sei- bal’s request for a new work for the concerts of nen Konzerten mit dem Tonkünstler-Orchester his Tonkünstler Orchestra and offered him the such te, griff Schre ker zu und bot ihm das sym- premiere of the symphonic interlude from Act phonische Zwischenspiel aus dem 3. Akt dieser III of his opera. Nothing Vien nese audiences seiner Oper zur Uraufführung an. Nichts von had heard before from Schre ker, not even Der dem, was das Wiener Konzertpub likum bis da- Geburtstag der Infantin, could have prepared II hin je von Schreker gehört hatte – auch nicht them for what they heard on that night of No- Der Geburtstag der Infantin – hatte es auf das vember 25, 1909. “The picture, intentionally Hörerlebnis vom 25. November 1909 vorbe- confused and fragmented, dissolves in a chro- reiten können. Das Bild, absichtlich zerrissen matic fog which only those who are favorably und gestückelt, ver schwin det in einem chroma- disposed can penetrate,” wrote one critic, who tischen Nebel, den nur Wohl wol lende zu durch- continued, “a penchant for philo sophical brood- dringen vermögen. [...], schrieb ein Kritiker, ing seems to have been artifi cially grafted onto und weiter Herrn Schre kers liebenswürdiger Herr Schreker’s engaging talent.” Another crit- Begabung erscheint der Hang zu philosophi- ic, who termed the work “a fairly nasty affair,” schem Grübeln wie künstlich aufgepfropft. Ein wrote, “he seems intent upon avoiding any kind anderer Rezensent nannte das Stück eine recht of plasticity, his style is bombastic, and in his böse Sache und tadelte den Komponisten mit dissonant bliss he does not shrink from using den Worten: Wie absichtlich vermeidet er jedes the harshest cacophony.” And a third reviewer plastische Gestalten, schreibt schwulstig und lamented that “even this strong talent has been scheut in seiner Dis sonanzenseligkeit nicht vor lured along the tortuous path of a musical excess der ärgsten Kakophonie zurück. Wieder ein an- that lacks what is most important: a future.” In derer bedauert, daß auch dieses starke Talent in her review Elsa Bie nenfeld was philosophical: die krausen Irrwege einer Übermusik verstrickt “The interesting work [...] sounded so surprising ist, der das Wichtigste fehlt: Entwicklungsmög- and new that it provoked immediate opposition; lichkeit. El sa Bienenfeld wird in ihrer Kritik in Vien na that is the fi rst and infallible proof philosophisch: Das interessante Stück [...] klang that a composition is at least not boring or with- so überraschend und neu, daß es sogleich den out talent.” This one premiere, Schre ker’s fi rst Widerspruch hervorrief: das ist in Wien der erste “scan dal,” catapulted him to the front ranks of und untrüglichste Beweis, daß eine Kompositi- Vienna’s “diffi cult” composers (it was, inciden- on zu mindestens nicht langweilig oder talent- tally, around this time that Schreker began his los wirkt. Mit dieser einen Uraufführung hatte lifelong friendship with Arnold Schön berg) and Schreker also seinen ersten „Skan dal“ und fand paved the way for the opera that would make sich mit einem Schlag in der vordersten Rei- him famous. he der „schwierigen“ Komponisten von Wien wieder (in etwa die gleiche Zeit fällt auch der Beginn seiner lebenslänglichen Freund schaft mit Arnold Schön berg) – dies ebnete den Weg für die Oper, die ihn berühmt machen sollte. Man weiß nicht genau, wann Schreker mit der Niederschrift von Der ferne Klang begonnen hat, jedoch wahrscheinlich im April 1902, nach It is unclear just when Schreker began der Konzertaufführung seines Opernerst lings writing Der ferne Klang, although it was in all Flammen. 1930 erinnert sich Schreker, wie er likelihood after the concert premiere of his fi rst damals auf der Suche nach einem geeigneten opera, Flammen, in April 1902. In 1930 Schre- Libretto war: ker recalled his search for a suitable libretto: Da besann ich mich zu rechter Zeit auf mich selbst. Auf das Drama des Werdenden; auf das Narrenspiel dieses Lebens mit unsicherem Aus- “Then, just in time, I thought of myself. gang; auf all die Tragödien, die hart an uns vor- Of the drama of becoming; of that fool’s game beistreifen und uns hin und wieder – oft fl üch- called life with all its uncertainties; of all the tig nur – in ihr Szenengewirr verstricken. Und tragedies that brush past us and which now and schrieb den Fernen Klang, aus mir selbst heraus, then – if only fl eetingly – entangle us in their aus meinem eigenen jungen Erleben. confusion. And I wrote Der Ferne Klang out of Das autobiographische Element im Libretto myself, out of my own youthful experiences.” und der Musik zu Der ferne Klang kann nicht One cannot overemphasize the auto bio- genug betont werden: Die Entstehung zieht graphical element in the libretto and score of III sich über Jahre einer persönlichen Krise und Der ferne Klang, for their genesis accompanied zeichnet die Herausbildung der künstlerischen Schreker through years of struggle and traces Persönlichkeit nach. Irgendwann um 1905 brach the emergence of his artistic personality. At one Schreker die Arbeit mitten im 2. Akt entmutigt point, around 1905, Schre ker, discouraged and und desillusioniert ab. Ende 1906 nahm er das disillusioned, broke off his composition mid- Projekt schließlich wieder auf, aber nicht an der way in the second act. When he returned to Stelle im 2. Akt, sondern mit dem Zwischen- the project at the end of 1906 it was not to the spiel, das die beiden Szenen des 3. Akts trennen second act but to the interlude that separates sollte. Heureka! Etwas ist fi nis, schrieb er am the two scenes of Act III. “Eureka! Something 15. Dezember dieses Jahres euphorisch an Greta is fi nished,” he wrote in exultation to a Greta Jonasz. Mit diesen Wor ten kündigt er die Fer- Jonasz on 15 December of that year. His letter tigstellung der ersten skizzierten Niederschrift announces the completion of what would prove von Nachtstück an. In den darauffolgenden Wo- to be the fi rst draft of the Nacht stück. Over the chen revidierte er diesen Entwurf grund legend; following weeks this draft underwent substan- bis Ende Jänner lag dann die Rein schrift vor tial revision and by the end of January, with the und er konnte sich rühmen: Noch nie habe completion of the fair copy, he could boast: “I ich etwas ähnliches auch nur geschaffen.
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