Hazard Profile

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Philippines: Hazard Profile ( ( ( ( ( Legend ( ( ( HSmith Babuyan Claro Country capital H Meranti (Ferdie) 2016 Regional centre Usagi (Odette) 2013 HDidicas Active volcanoes Camiguin de Babuyanes Regional boundary H Provincial boundary Destructive typhoons HCagua Historical strong earthquakes Megi (Juan) 2010 Active fault Collision zone Tuguegarao Trace approximate City Transform fault (( (( Trench Approximate offshore projection Haima (Lawin) 2016 Peggy (Gading) 1986 City of 7.5 Luzon EQ, 1645 Tropical Storm Intensity Tropical storm intensity San Fernando Baguio (Saffir-Simpson Scale) One: 118-153 km/h zones indicate where City there is a 10% probability of a tropical Two: 154-177 km/h storm of this intensity 7.6 Casiguran EQ, 1968 Philippine Sea striking until year 2021 Three: 178-209 km/h (NATHAN World Map of Natural Hazards: https://www.munichre.com/ Four: 210-249 km/h touch/naturalhazards/en/ 7.8 Luzon EQ, 1990 products-and-solutions/ world-map-natural-hazards/ Five: 250+ km/h index.html) City of Koppu (Lando) 2015 SanH Fernando Xangsane (Milenyo) 2006 Ketsana (Ondoy) 2009 Pinatubo Babs (Loleng) 1998 Maysak (Chedeng) 2015 Angela (Rosing) 1995 MANILA Dot (Saling) 1985 Joan (Sening) 1970 City of Betty (Aring) 1980 Calamba South China Sea HTaal HBanahaw Harriet 1960 Trix 1952 Mujigae (Kabayan) 2015Nock-Ten (Nina) 2016 7.1 Mindoro EQ, 1994 HIriga Noul (Dodong) 2015 Durian (Reming) 2016 City of HMayon Calapan Legazpi Irma (Anding) 1981 City HBulusan Nina (Sisang) 1987 Melor (Nona) 2015 Betty (Herming) 1987 Gilda 1959 HBiliran Amy 1951 Tacloban City Agnes (Undang) 1984 Bacolod Iloilo 4 City City Haiyan (Yolanda) 2013 8.2 LadyCaycay EQ, 1948 HKanlaon Cebu City Mike (Ruping) 1990 6.7 Visayas EQ, 2012 7.2 Bohol EQ, 2013 Ike (Nitang) 1984 HHibok-hibok Sulu Sea Dumaguete Louise (Ining) 1964 City Butuan City Cagayan De Oro City Washi (Sendong) 2011 7.6 Lanao EQ, 1955 HMusuan HRagang Pagadian HMakaturing Bopha (Pablo) 2012 Oro City HLeonard Kniaseff Cotobato City Davao City City of HMatutum Koronadal 8.0 Moro Gulf HParker HBud Dajo Celebes Sea and Tsunami 1976 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( The boundaries, names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations Sources: PSA, PHIVOLCS, PAGASA, PDC Creation date: January 2017 .

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Harmful Algal Blooms Associated with Volcanic Eruptions in Indonesia and Philippines for Korean Fishery Damage
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2020, 11, 217-236 https://www.scirp.org/journal/abb ISSN Online: 2156-8502 ISSN Print: 2156-8456 Harmful Algal Blooms Associated with Volcanic Eruptions in Indonesia and Philippines for Korean Fishery Damage Tai-Jin Kim Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong City, South Korea How to cite this paper: Kim, T.-J. (2020) Abstract Harmful Algal Blooms Associated with Volcanic Eruptions in Indonesia and Phil- Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) were analyzed to trace the outbreak of dinofla- ippines for Korean Fishery Damage. Ad- gellate Cochlonidium polykrikoides on the Korean coast from 1993 to 2019 vances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, along with relationship to volcanic eruptions. Parameters associated with 11, 217-236. https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.115017 blooms and fishery damage were sunspot number, El Niño/La Niña events, Kuroshio Current, and volcanic eruptions in the South China Sea including Received: December 18, 2019 Indonesia and the Philippines. HAB development was halted in seawater due Accepted: May 26, 2020 to the sulfur compounds (H2S, SO2, sulfates) from volcanic eruptions induc- Published: May 29, 2020 ing the deficiency of the dissolved iron (Fe) in the seawater. Cochlonidium Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and polykrikoides blooms could be predicted by the minimal sunspot number Scientific Research Publishing Inc. during La Niña event or weak volcanic eruptions in Indonesia and the Philip- This work is licensed under the Creative pines. On line monitoring of HAB was suggested using a prototype detector Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). of Cochlonidium polykrikoides at wavelength of 300 nm with the concentra- 2 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ tion linearity (R = 0.9972) between 1000 and 6000 cells/ml.
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