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Functional Lithium Borate Salts and Their Potential Application in High Performance Lithium Batteries

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Functional Lithium Borate Salts and Their Potential Application in High Performance Lithium Batteries Coordination Chemistry Reviews 292 (2015) 56–73 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Coordination Chemistry Reviews j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ccr Review Functional lithium borate salts and their potential application in high performance lithium batteries a,1 a,b,1 a a a,∗ Zhihong Liu , Jingchao Chai , Gaojie Xu , Qingfu Wang , Guanglei Cui a Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, 266101 Qingdao, China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, 100049 Beijing, China Contents 1. Introduction . 57 2. Non-aromatic lithium borates. 58 2.1. Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) . 58 2.2. Lithium tetracyanoborate (LiB(CN)4) . 59 2.3. Lithium bis(oxalate) borate (LiBOB) . 59 2.3.1. Synthesis and properties . 59 2.3.2. Electrochemical performance . 59 2.4. Lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate (LiDFOB) . 63 2.4.1. Synthesis and properties . 63 2.4.2. Electrochemical performance . 63 3. Aromatic lithium borates . 65 3.1. Lithium bis[1,2-benzenediolato (2-)-O,O ] borate (LiBBB) . 65 3.2. Lithium bis[3-fluoro-1,2-benzenediolato (2-)-O,O ] borate (LiBFBB) . 65 3.3. Lithium bis[tetrafluoro-1, 2-benzenediolato (2-)-O,O ] borate (LiBTBB). 65 3.4. Lithium bis[2,2 -naphthalenediolato (2-)-O,O ] borate (LiBNB) . 66 3.5. Lithium bis(salicylate-2-) borate (LiBSB) . 66 3.6. Lithium bis[2,2 -biphenyldiolato (2-)-O,O ] borate (LiBBPB) . 66 3.7. Lithium [1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O oxalato] borate (LiBDOB) . 66 3.8. Lithium salicylato-oxalato borate (LiSOB) . 67 3.9. Tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB) . 67 4. Single-ion dominantly conducting polyborates. 68 4.1. Lithium poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) oxalate borate] (LiPEGOB) . 68 4.2. Lithium polyvinyl alcohol oxalate borate (LiPVAOB) and lithium polyacrylic acid oxalate borate (LiPAAOB) . 69 4.3. Lithium polymeric tartaric acid borate (LiPTB) . 69 4.4. Lithium polymeric aromatic borates (LiPAB) . 70 5. Perspective. 71 Acknowledgments. 71 Appendix A. Supplementary data . 71 References . 71 a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Lithium borate salts have been arousing intensive interest due to their unique properties such as excel- Received 20 November 2014 lent thermal stability, comparable ionic conductivity, cost-effectiveness, environmental benignity and Accepted 12 February 2015 favorable solid electrolyte interface forming property. Herein, the recent progress of many lithium Available online 19 February 2015 borate salts and their potential application in high performance lithium batteries using the Si/C com- posite anode, lithium metal anode, high voltage cathodes or semi-solid lithium flowable electrodes are reviewed in regard to their synthesis, properties and battery performance. This review also presents the current progress of single-ion conducting polymeric lithium borate salts, which exhibit high lithium ion ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 532 80662746; fax: +86 532 80662744. E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Cui). 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2015.02.011 0010-8545/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Z. Liu et al. / Coordination Chemistry Reviews 292 (2015) 56–73 57 Keywords: transference numbers approaching unit. These single-ion dominantly conducting polymeric electrolytes Review are very desirable in lithium batteries with less polarization since the electrodes only exchange lithium Lithium borate salts ions with electrolytes. We hope that the new and established researchers in the battery area can obtain a Lithium ion battery clear perspective of this field and our review can provide the motivation for new attempts in this promising Polymeric electrolyte field. Single-ion conductor © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction mixed solvents are the commonly used solvents [21,22]. The cyclic carbonates enable the dissolution of salts to sufficient concentra- Lithium ion batteries have attracted extensive interest in recent tions because of their high dielectric constant, but they are rather years owing to their ever-increasing application in energy storage viscous. The linear carbonates, on the other hand, promote rapid systems such as electric vehicles and smart grids. To be aimed at ion transport, because of their low viscosity, but their dielectric this application, high energy density batteries with low cost and constant is low [21]. So the mixed solvents consisting of cyclic car- high performance as well as safety are highly desirable. Although bonates and linear carbonates display moderate dielectric constant lithium-O2 batteries are reported to possess higher energy den- and low viscosity, which are beneficial for improvement of the −1 sity more than 600 Wh kg , there are still some severe obstacles ion conductivity and then enhancement of the low temperature to overcome before commercialization..
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