Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns NATIONAL BUREAU of STANDARDS
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Parental Brine Evolution in the Chilean Nitrate Deposits (Pedro De Valdivia, II Region De Antofagasta) : Mineralogical and Petro
Third ISAG, S1 Malo (France), 17-19/9/1996 707 PARENTAL BRINE EVOLUTION IN THE CHILEAN NITRATE DEPOSITS (Pedro de Valdivia, I1 Regi6n de Antofagasta). MINERALOGICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC DATA Marta VEGA(l), G. CHONG(') and Juan J. PUEy0t2). ('1 Departamento de Ciencias Geol6gicas. Universidad Cat6lica del Norte. Avda.Angamos, 0610. Casilla 1280. Antofagasta. (2) Facultat de Geologia. Universitat de Barcelona. Zona Universitaria de Pedralbes. 08028 Barcelona . KEYWORDS: nitrates, iodates, saline minerals, paragenesis, porosity, brine evolution. INTRODUCTION The Chilean nitrate deposits have been formed by complex paragenesis of saline minerals (locally named caliche) that infill the porosity of rocks ranging in age from Paleozoic to Cenozoic. Minerals which are normally extremely rare - nitrates, nitrate-sulphates, iodates and iodate-sulphates - are common in the Chilean nitrates. Located in the Atacama Desert (North Chile; between 19'30' and 2.5'30' S latitude, and 69'30' and 70'30' W longitude), the deposits follow an irregular N-S swathe, a few km wide (reaching a maximum of several tens of km). The distribution of the deposits parallels the contact between the Coastal Range and the Central Depression. The nitrate (and saline) ores can infill either cracks (joints, fractures) in the country rocks (volcanic, intrusive or sedimentary), porosity in breccias and conglomerates from alluvial fans and pediments, or porosity created by previous alteration processes. Ericksen (1981) divided the different styles of occurrence as deposits in rock and sedimentary deposits. Deposits in rock are characterized by Old alluvial sediments Fig. 1. Distribution of worked nitrate areas in the Pedro de Valdivia area. See the relationships between the nitrate deposits and tertiary alluvial sediments on the NW alluvial fans. -
Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library
Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library Library Listing – 10,505 spectra This library is the original FT-IR spectral collection from Aldrich. It includes a wide variety of pure chemical compounds found in the Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals. The Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition I library contains spectra of 10,505 pure compounds and is a subset of the Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition II library. All spectra were acquired by Sigma-Aldrich Co. and were processed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Eight smaller Aldrich Material Specific Sub-Libraries are also available. Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 3515 ((1R)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(+)-3- 928 (+)-LIMONENE OXIDE, 97%, BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC MIXTURE OF CIS AND TRANS ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 209 (+)-LONGIFOLENE, 98+% 1708 ((1R)-ENDO)-(+)-3- 2283 (+)-MURAMIC ACID HYDRATE, BROMOCAMPHOR, 98% 98% 3516 ((1S)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(-)-3- 2966 (+)-N,N'- BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC DIALLYLTARTARDIAMIDE, 99+% ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 2976 (+)-N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID, 644 ((1S)-ENDO)-(-)-BORNEOL, 99% 97% 9587 (+)-11ALPHA-HYDROXY-17ALPHA- 965 (+)-NOE-LACTOL DIMER, 99+% METHYLTESTOSTERONE 5127 (+)-P-BROMOTETRAMISOLE 9590 (+)-11ALPHA- OXALATE, 99% HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, 95% 661 (+)-P-MENTH-1-EN-9-OL, 97%, 9588 (+)-17-METHYLTESTOSTERONE, MIXTURE OF ISOMERS 99% 730 (+)-PERSEITOL 8681 (+)-2'-DEOXYURIDINE, 99+% 7913 (+)-PILOCARPINE 7591 (+)-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-2,3- HYDROCHLORIDE, 99% DIHYDROXY- 1,4- 5844 (+)-RUTIN HYDRATE, 95% BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)BUT 9571 (+)-STIGMASTANOL -
Bismuth Antimony Telluride
ci al S ence Mahajan et al., J Material Sci Eng 2018, 7:4 ri s te & a E M n DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000479 f g o i n l e a e n r r i n u g o Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering J ISSN: 2169-0022 Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Study and Characterization of Thermoelectric Material (TE) Bismuth Antimony Telluride Aniruddha Mahajan1*, Manik Deosarkar1 and Rajendra Panmand2 1Chemical Engineering Department, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India 2Centre for Materials Electronics and Technology (C-MET), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, India Abstract Thermoelectric materials are used to convert the heat to electricity with no moving parts, in the present work an attempt has been made to prepare it for power generation function. Bismuth antimony telluride nanopowders were prepared by using mechanochemical method. Three different materials; Bismuth Telluride, (Bi0.75Sb0.25)2Te 3 and (Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te 3 were synthesized. XRD and TEM analysis was carried out to confirm the results. The particle size of the material was determined by using FESEM analysis. The two alloys of Bismuth Telluride such prepared were converted in the pellet form using vacuum hydraulic pressure and their Seebeck coefficients were determined to test the material suitability for its use as a thermoelectric device. Their power factor measurement and Hall effect measurements were carried out at room temperature. Keywords: Bismuth telluride; Mechanochemical method; energy in one form into another. Use of TE solid materials Applications Nanoparticals; Seebeck coefficients in heat pump and refrigeration is well known [14] and it is now expanded such as cooled seats in luxury automobiles [15]. -
Potassium Nitrate
Common Name: POTASSIUM NITRATE CAS Number: 7757-79-1 RTK Substance number: 1574 DOT Number: UN 1486 Date: March 1998 Revision: November 2004 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * Potassium Nitrate can affect you when breathed in. No occupational exposure limits have been established for * Contact can cause eye and skin irritation. Potassium Nitrate. This does not mean that this substance is * Breathing Potassium Nitrate can irritate the nose and not harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed. throat causing sneezing and coughing. * High levels can interfere with the ability of the blood to WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE carry Oxygen causing headache, fatigue, dizziness, and a * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust blue color to the skin and lips (methemoglobinemia). ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust Higher levels can cause trouble breathing, collapse and ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be even death. worn. * Potassium Nitrate may affect the kidneys and cause * Wear protective work clothing. anemia. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Potassium Nitrate. IDENTIFICATION * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In Potassium Nitrate is a transparent, white or colorless, addition, as part of an ongoing education and training crystalline (sand-like) powder or solid with a sharp, salty effort, communicate all information on the health and taste. It is used to make explosives, matches, fertilizer, safety hazards of Potassium Nitrate to potentially fireworks, glass and rocket fuel. exposed workers. REASON FOR CITATION * Potassium Nitrate is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by DOT. * Definitions are provided on page 5. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.449,161 B2 Boryta Et Al
USOO74491.61B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.449,161 B2 Boryta et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 11, 2008 (54) PRODUCTION OF LITHIUM COMPOUNDS 4,207,297 A * 6/1980 Brown et al. ............. 423,179.5 DIRECTLY FROM LITHIUM CONTAINING 4,243,641 A * 1/1981 Ishimori et al. .......... 423/179.5 BRINES 4.261,960 A * 4/1981 Boryta ............. ... 423,179.5 4,271,131. A * 6/1981 Brown et al. ...... ... 423,179.5 4,274,834. A 6/1981 Brown et al. .............. 23,302 R (75) Inventors: Daniel Alfred Boryta, Cherryville, NC 4,463,209 A * 7/1984 Kursewicz et al. .......... 585/467 (US); Teresita Frianeza Kullberg, 4,465,659 A * 8/1984 Cambridge et al. ......... 423,495 Gastonia, NC (US); Anthony Michael 4,588,565 A * 5/1986 Schultze et al. .......... 423,179.5 Thurston, Edmond, OK (US) 4,747.917 A * 5/1988 Reynolds et al. ............ 205,512 4,859,343 A * 8/1989 Frianeza-Kullberg (73) Assignee: Chemetall Foote Corporation, Kings et al. .......................... 210,679 Mountain, NC (US) 4,980,136 A * 12/1990 Brown et al. ... 423,179.5 5,049,233 A 9, 1991 Davis .......................... 216.93 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,219,550 A * 6/1993 Brown et al. ............. 423 (419.1 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,599,516 A * 2/1997 Bauman et al. .......... 423/179.5 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 5,939,038 A * 8/1999 Wilkomirsky ............... 423,276 5.993,759 A * 1 1/1999 Wilkomirsky ........... -
March 12Th CONTENT
Issue 05, February 27th – March 12th CONTENT Introduction During the first two weeks of March we saw important alliances 1between car manufacturers for the development and supply of Batteries electric vehicles. Daimler AG will cooperate with BYD in China and Vehicles and Mitsubishi Motors will work with PSA Peugeot – Citroen in Europe. These announcements represent an important step BYD and Daimler will develop an for electrifying transportation; however going forward requires Electric Vehicle for the Chinese market many issues that still need to be solved. As a society we have Celgard announced expansion of assumed that it is “possible” to replace (in some way) oil for production capacity in Korea electricity, but the question is if we have figured out where and Misubishi Motors and PSA Peugeot how we could obtain this electricity. Once this issue is solved (at Citroen reached final agreement a “reasonable” price and in an environmental friendly way), Sanyo will supply a lithium ion battery the next step is the efficient distribution of this electricity. We system for traffic signals in Japan have seen some companies that are developing interesting business models, but we are far from a mass implementation. LG Chemical will build Volt battery Summarizing, the question that arises is: are we (as a society) plant in Michigan prepared for electrifying transportation? Regarding lithium, a key raw material for batteries used in electric vehicles, it is important to highlight that most of the projects that have been announced in the last years are in an early stage of development. Anyway, the trend is clear: in less than three years around 20 new Companies have announced more than 40 new lithium projects. -
The Secondary Phosphate Minerals from Conselheiro Pena Pegmatite District (Minas Gerais, Brazil): Substitutions of Triphylite and Montebrasite Scholz, R.; Chaves, M
The secondary phosphate minerals from Conselheiro Pena Pegmatite District (Minas Gerais, Brazil): substitutions of triphylite and montebrasite Scholz, R.; Chaves, M. L. S. C.; Belotti, F. M.; Filho, M. Cândido; Filho, L. Autor(es): A. D. Menezes; Silveira, C. Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/31441 DOI: DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0534-0_27 Accessed : 2-Oct-2021 20:21:49 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. pombalina.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt 9 789892 605111 Série Documentos A presente obra reúne um conjunto de contribuições apresentadas no I Congresso Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra Internacional de Geociências na CPLP, que decorreu de 14 a 16 de maio de 2012 no Coimbra University Press Auditório da Reitoria da Universidade de Coimbra. -
1 Abietic Acid R Abrasive Silica for Polishing DR Acenaphthene M (LC
1 abietic acid R abrasive silica for polishing DR acenaphthene M (LC) acenaphthene quinone R acenaphthylene R acetal (see 1,1-diethoxyethane) acetaldehyde M (FC) acetaldehyde-d (CH3CDO) R acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal CH acetaldoxime R acetamide M (LC) acetamidinium chloride R acetamidoacrylic acid 2- NB acetamidobenzaldehyde p- R acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride 4- R acetamidodeoxythioglucopyranose triacetate 2- -2- -1- -β-D- 3,4,6- AB acetamidomethylthiazole 2- -4- PB acetanilide M (LC) acetazolamide R acetdimethylamide see dimethylacetamide, N,N- acethydrazide R acetic acid M (solv) acetic anhydride M (FC) acetmethylamide see methylacetamide, N- acetoacetamide R acetoacetanilide R acetoacetic acid, lithium salt R acetobromoglucose -α-D- NB acetohydroxamic acid R acetoin R acetol (hydroxyacetone) R acetonaphthalide (α)R acetone M (solv) acetone ,A.R. M (solv) acetone-d6 RM acetone cyanohydrin R acetonedicarboxylic acid ,dimethyl ester R acetonedicarboxylic acid -1,3- R acetone dimethyl acetal see dimethoxypropane 2,2- acetonitrile M (solv) acetonitrile-d3 RM acetonylacetone see hexanedione 2,5- acetonylbenzylhydroxycoumarin (3-(α- -4- R acetophenone M (LC) acetophenone oxime R acetophenone trimethylsilyl enol ether see phenyltrimethylsilyl... acetoxyacetone (oxopropyl acetate 2-) R acetoxybenzoic acid 4- DS acetoxynaphthoic acid 6- -2- R 2 acetylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal R acetylacetone (pentanedione -2,4-) M (C) acetylbenzonitrile p- R acetylbiphenyl 4- see phenylacetophenone, p- acetyl bromide M (FC) acetylbromothiophene 2- -5- -
Tourmaline Reference Materials for the in Situ Analysis of Oxygen and Lithium Isotope Ratio Compositions
Vol. 45 — N° 1 03 P.97 – 119 21 Tourmaline Reference Materials for the In Situ Analysis of Oxygen and Lithium Isotope Ratio Compositions Michael Wiedenbeck (1)*, Robert B. Trumbull (1), Martin Rosner (2),AdrianBoyce (3), John H. Fournelle (4),IanA.Franchi (5),RalfHalama (6),ChrisHarris (7),JackH.Lacey (8), Horst Marschall (9) , Anette Meixner (10),AndreasPack (11), Philip A.E. Pogge von Strandmann (9), Michael J. Spicuzza (4),JohnW.Valley (4) and Franziska D.H. Wilke (1) (1) GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam 14473, Germany (2) Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA (3) Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK (4) Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA (5) School of Physical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK (6) Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA (7) Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (8) National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, UK (9) Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK (10) Faculty of Geosciences & MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany (11) Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Universitat¨ Gottingen,¨ Gottingen¨ 37077, Germany (12) Present address: IsoAnalysis UG, Berlin 12489, Germany (13) Present address: School of Geography, Geology and Environment, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK (14) Present address: Institut fur¨ Geowissenschaften, Goethe-Universitat,¨ Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany (15) Present address: Institute of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University College London and Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 6BS, UK * Corresponding author. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0044778A1 Orr (43) Pub
US 20050044778A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0044778A1 Orr (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 3, 2005 (54) FUEL COMPOSITIONS EMPLOYING Publication Classification CATALYST COMBUSTION STRUCTURE (51) Int. CI.' ........ C10L 1/28; C1OL 1/24; C1OL 1/18; (76) Inventor: William C. Orr, Denver, CO (US) C1OL 1/12; C1OL 1/26 Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. ................. 44/320; 44/435; 44/378; 44/388; HOGAN & HARTSON LLP 44/385; 44/444; 44/443 ONE TABOR CENTER, SUITE 1500 1200 SEVENTEENTH ST DENVER, CO 80202 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 10/722,127 Metallic vapor phase fuel compositions relating to a broad (22) Filed: Nov. 24, 2003 Spectrum of pollution reducing, improved combustion per Related U.S. Application Data formance, and enhanced Stability fuel compositions for use in jet, aviation, turbine, diesel, gasoline, and other combus (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/986,891, tion applications include co-combustion agents preferably filed on Dec. 8, 1997, now Pat. No. 6,652,608. including trimethoxymethylsilane. Patent Application Publication Mar. 3, 2005 US 2005/0044778A1 FIGURE 1 CALCULATING BUNSEN BURNER LAMINAR FLAME VELOCITY (LFV) OR BURNING VELOCITY (BV) CONVENTIONAL FLAME LUMINOUS FLAME Method For Calculating Bunsen Burner Laminar Flame Velocity (LHV) or Burning Velocity Requires Inside Laminar Cone Angle (0) and The Gas Velocity (Vg). LFV = A, SIN 2 x VG US 2005/0044778A1 Mar. 3, 2005 FUEL COMPOSITIONS EMPLOYING CATALYST Chart of Elements (CAS version), and mixture, wherein said COMBUSTION STRUCTURE element or derivative compound, is combustible, and option 0001) The present invention is a CIP of my U.S. -
The Minerals and Rocks of the Earth 5A: the Minerals- Special Mineralogy
Lesson 5 cont’d: The Minerals and Rocks of the Earth 5a: The minerals- special mineralogy A. M. C. Şengör In the previous lectures concerning the materials of the earth, we studied the most important silicates. We did so, because they make up more than 80% of our planet. We said, if we know them, we know much about our planet. However, on the surface or near-surface areas of the earth 75% is covered by sedimentary rocks, almost 1/3 of which are not silicates. These are the carbonate rocks such as limestones, dolomites (Americans call them dolostones, which is inappropriate, because dolomite is the name of a person {Dolomieu}, after which the mineral dolomite, the rock dolomite and the Dolomite Mountains in Italy have been named; it is like calling the Dolomite Mountains Dolo Mountains!). Another important category of rocks, including parts of the carbonates, are the evaporites including halides and sulfates. So we need to look at the minerals forming these rocks too. Some of the iron oxides are important, because they are magnetic and impart magnetic properties on rocks. Some hydroxides are important weathering products. This final part of Lesson 5 will be devoted to a description of the most important of the carbonate, sulfate, halide and the iron oxide minerals, although they play a very little rôle in the total earth volume. Despite that, they play a critical rôle on the surface of the earth and some of them are also major climate controllers. The carbonate minerals are those containing the carbonate ion -2 CO3 The are divided into the following classes: 1.