Protestants from France

Home , Antoine Court, John Durel, Odet de Coligny

hn t rance to h Fr n h hu r h in h r t of an t erb u r C a thed ra t e e c C c t e c yp C y l.

r mm a F o /r ce . PROTESTANTS FROM FRANCE,

IN TH E IR

E ENGLISH HOM . “ 0

W KE R HAW P . S . A . s . . s ,

The maintained their faith in the nob e wa of ersec ution and y l y p , ” se rved God in the ﬁre, whereas we honour H im in the sunshine .

S IR THO M AS B ROWN E.

WITH IL L US TKA TION S .

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ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS 1942 PRE FA C E;

A ’ sxs I M M V ‘ M

T H E advent a nd ' settlem en t of the Refugees has

a lways formed a part of history ; of those who

e F scaped from the dire persecutions in rance , m uch has been written , and yet the subject is n ot exhausted . It is the object of this work to chronicle the l ives and progress of the fugitives in England ,

t he efforts which aided and the inﬂuences that

u g ided their course , especially in relation to the

En glish Church .

To illustrate this connection , has been the

e a l ding theme of these pages , intended both for t he a d student n general reader . The industries a n d results of their settlements have been so a n d ably treated by Agnew , Smiles , Weiss , d other writers , that repetition on this groun would be superﬂuous . The thread of history is maintained in various ways ; in the actions a n d h correspondence of famous men , combined wit

t o an inﬂuential policy , I have endeavoured d trace the annals of a people , who nobly sacriﬁce

’ a ll for conscience sake .

To gather together new facts , to arrive at

t he fresh evidence , is the duty of every worker in

en d ﬁeld of research , and to this , valuable letters and extracts n ow appear for the ﬁrs t time .

An eminent scholar has remarked , There i s

” need of little books on great subj e cts . I f this contribution should form a link in the

ﬁ e chain of Protestant history , it will have ful ll d its aim by telling the story of the Refugees “ in

” their English home .

As popular interest i s widely recalled by t he

Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Revocatio n P r e a ce f .

0 6f068 7 168 of the Edict of Nantes , , 5 , so it is tru sted that this volume may serv e as a ﬁtting tribute to the interesting Commemoration in

England and other countries . My best acknowledgments are due to

r Mess s . Marcus Ward and Co . for their per m ission to use the portrait of Coligny , inserted

from the life of the Admiral by Walter Besant , M A . . , to whom , also , I am kindly indebted .

2 2 nd OCT B ER 1 88 . O , 5

C O NTE NTS .

A E CH PT R 1. P AGE — — The ﬁrst settlements French and Walloons L earned m en in En an — e r fr en s s— ar am gl d Th i i d hip W h , ranmer Bu cer are! and ot ers— of the C , , F , h Aid — English Chur ch and the U niversities Foreign — — Chur ches in London John a Lasco The Book — of C ommon Prayer in Fren ch Glastonbury E and the reforme re on— a n dward VI . d ligi C lvi — — The Protector Somerset The Marian perse cu tion and exiles

A E CH PT R II. — The refugees u nder Queen Elizabeth Bishops of — London and their aid Grindal and Parker — Walloons and French at N orwich Admiral — Coligny and his brother Odet Their character — — n ns f D r Bersier The St . and inﬂuence Opi io o . — ’ Bartholomew and its results The Queen s safety a x' C nt t o en s.

— P AGE Canterbury Cathedral and it s crypt chur ch rc s o s ar er r n a t ft an roft A hbi h p P k , G i d l, Whi gi , B c , — and Abbot The reception of the strangers — Religious controversies Refugee Chu rch u nder ames J I .

E CHAPT R III .

n n r a — r Foreign Protesta ts u de Ch rles I. A chbishop — — Lau d and his m easures The Civil War The — — — Pu ritans Commonwealth Cromwell The R e — — m — n ar es a es . e o at on storatio Ch l II . J II R v c i “ — of the Edict of N ant es Its effects in Englan d — XIV—W m n ou s . a an hi and Fra ce L i illi III . d s — aid t o the refugees Bishop s Compton an d B ur — — net Archbishops Sancroft an d Tillotson Bishop — — Lloyd Marqu is Ru vigny Qu een An ne an d her ass stan e— r h s o s Tenison Wake err n i c A c bi h p , , H i g, — and Secker Their en cou ragem en t of the exiles Corresponden ce with foreign Powers in their b e — — half Antoine Court Close of the persecutions

E CHAPT R IV .

— — French churches in London Their history Rise and — — fall Thread p eedle Street Church Its m inist ers — — The Savoy and its foreign services Historical — — memories Ministers Somerset Hou se Chapel — — Durham Hou se The increase of churches in — — — 1 685 Spitalﬁelds Soho The smaller churches Dissension between the Con formist and C ontents . xi

— P A GE other c ommu nities Royal Bounty Fund and its — history Distingu ished refugees in chu rch annals Allix Casaubon C olomiez Jortin Ro — maine Famou s names in Ireland

E CHAPT R V. — Su u r an c on re at on s ro n a ur es—R e b b g g i P vi ci l ch ch y , o er San a st one a ers am Sou th D v , dwich, M id , F v h , — am t on the anne s es e ou s fferen es p , Ch l I l R ligi di c — — — The West of Englan d East Anglia Canter — ’ bury and the crypt chu rch Archbishop Tait s en — — c ouragem ent of Present con dition Historical — and refugee names rou n d Canterbu ry Its ancient aspect and m emories

E CHAPT R VI . — {efugee d ocuments and archives Registers of the ur es— Somerset ou se e or fﬁ e and ch ch H , R c d O c , — — other libraries The State Papers Private and provincial collections Inscriptions Archives — — in Ireland Printed books Correspondence — Ofﬁ cial and private The Savile Letters and — Lord Halifax Pu blications of learned societies — — Acts of the Synods Stu dy of the past

E CHAPT R VII .

’ — resent stat e of Fren ch Protestantism Inﬂu enc e of — the English Chur ch abroad The Coligny Monu C ontents xii .

P AGE r B er3 1 r and ment D . e churches in Paris — Foreign societies and their work America an d — her co o peration Churches still remaining — French Protestant Hospital Archbishop Tait and — his inﬂu ence Hu guenot Society of London — P ub lications on refugee history Bi centenary of — the Revocation of the Edict of N antes C on clusion

I LIST OF I LLUSTRAT ONS .

Entrance to the French Church in Crypt of Canter bury Cathedral To f a ce title-page

P ortrait of Admiral Coligny

M edal Commemorative of the Revocation of the Edict of N antes 73

a e from the sa ms after ement arot To ace 1 P g P l , Cl M f 45 P ROTESTANTS FRO M FRAN C E

IN TH E IR EN GL ISH HO ME .

H C APTER I .

— The ﬁrst settlements French and Walloons Learned men — in En an — e r fr en s s ar am ranmer gl d Th i i d hip W h , C , Buc er are! and ot ers— of the En s ur , F , h Aid gli h Ch ch — and the U niversities Foreign Chur ches in London — — ! ohn a Lasco The Book of Common Prayer in — — n r f rm Fren ch Glastonbury Edwar d VI . a d the e o ed — — — religion Calvin The Protector Somerset The

Mar ian persecution and exiles.

STRAN GER S is the word often applied to ’ i e those who , ﬂy ng to England for religion s sak

from the Low Countries and France , have found

n in our la d , a safe asylum from persecution and

distress . Their church is frequently alluded to

in n early writi gs and documents , and even the “ ” s imple inscription , A stranger, on marble B 2 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

tablet, or parish register, records the annals of many an illustrious refugee . The word is now no longer applicable to the exiled bands whose descendants have , in many cases , become one with the tenets of the Church of England .

Time , with its relentless power, has bridged over the distinctions which once separated us from those differing on religious grounds . The common struggle for livelihood, for fame or “ ” wealth , has united us with the strangers , in whom we may have found some of our best friends . The sixteenth century can be said to have caused an awakening in Europe , whether in religion , letters , art , or science . The invention of printing in the previous age— the arrival of learned exiles— their sojourn both in London and at our Universities— all had its inﬂuence in forming those events which made England a

n congenial home for the foreig Protestants .

The increase of the Scriptures , their printing at Antwerp and other places abroad , the French and Flemish versions for the Walloon provinces , such circumstances tended to familiarize and prepare for the reception of those truths which Th were the precursors of the Reformation . e

4 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

This Bible once belonged to M . de Dibon , Huguenot gentleman who was arrested after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes time only was spared to bury the book within a chest in his garden , while Monsieur de Dibon was carri e d off to prison . H e managed to escape , but ere he quitted his

re native France for ever , determined to visit his estate to recover his Bible ; this he

r did , and with it in his hand , an impove ished exile , reached England in the reign of William l” I I I . The printing of the Scriptures was followed

e x n by other works , and the middl of the si tee th century witnessed many important events as to the increase of religion . For awhile , we must go back to France , to see how the beginning of

r the Refo mation took root there , and how the pioneers of that change found sympathy in

n E gland , whither their descendants ﬂed in suc c eedin g periods .

- Da u hin In the snow crowned mountains of p y , H in the igh Alps , at Gap , was born William

Farel , one of the famous theologians who was afterwards destined to throw great inﬂuence o n the reformation abroad , and to be its leader in ' ' ' n t/cezr E n lzs/z H m z g o e. 5

France and Switzerland . Even before that time ’ d Eta le s appeared, as we have seen , Lefevre p ,

the patriarch of the reformed doctrine , one of

: whose ﬁrst disciples was Farel in Geneva , where his memory is rightly cherished , he much

advanced the growing religion . The arrival of learned foreigners in England and at our Univer

sities was due , in some degree , to the patronage and kindness shown them by our noted divines

and statesmen . ’ Archbishop Warha m s prominence in this

respect is proverbial , and among his frequent h guests at historic Lambet , was Erasmus , who ’ used to come down by water, from his friend s ’ ( Sir Thomas More s) house at Chelsea . Dr . 1 Jor tin relate s that Erasmus speaks of the Arch

a bishop as learned and worthy man , and loves ” m e as though he were my father or brother . The Primate encouraged and helped him when he prepared his Greek Testament and also his

Latin translation for press . “ It was a saying of Erasmus , If you would drink deeply of the well - springs of wisdom

l on pp y to Greek . Read Plato ; he wrote

m e arbl with a diamond but , above all, read the

1 “ fe of Erasmus b ortin. Li , y J J 6 P r otesta ntsfr om Fr a nce

’ m New Testament , tis the key to the kingdo of ’ heaven f

’ Of Erasmus visits to the Archbishop , he “ says : What genius ! what erudition ! w hat kindness and modesty ! From Warham who “ ever departed in sorrow ! But there is a

c a n dark side to the highest character, and we not but regret that the cruel persecutions which followed the earlier converts to the reform ed doctrine were carried on by Warham with a severity which stands in singular contrast to the ” 2 gentler features of his life .

e Erasmus , by his resid nce in Cambridge , had done much to encourage the revival of learning

E u in ngland , and this , to an extent , inﬂ enc ed

the growth of the Reformation .

In a letter of his to Margaret of Navarre , who

had gone to Spain to visit her captive brother, we ﬁnd Erasmus recommending to her notice w John a Lasco , who was after ards to play so

leading a part with the refugees in London . ’ Warha m s In Archbishop Cranmer ( successor) ,

history chronicles much relating to our subject . ’ The foundation of the strangers church in

o esan stor of anter ur th R e ev . Di c Hi y C b y, by . R C .

en ns M H n . an n nt r u A. o o o a e r . f J ki , , C C b y . ‘ n t/zeir E n li sh H ome g . 7

L ondon and Canterbury took place during his “ primacy . London was the great centre of

n n i tercourse with the Contine t , and along with

LowC ou ntries the other wares imported from the , there were clandestinely introduced many of the chief writings of the German and Swiss re ” r a fo mers . Many tradition of old London is rife with the memories of some of the foreign scholars and divines who sought friendly con

verse with our own . John Colet , Dean of St . ’ Trem elliu s Paul s , Roger Ascham , , would meet

a a t Bu c er e J ohn L sco , Peter Mar yr, , and sev ral

of like fame .

The two latter had theological appointments ,

B u c er being at Cambridge , and Peter Martyr

at Oxford . Bu c er dedicated some of his works to Arch

bishop Cranmer, under whose hospitable roof

n at Lambeth Palace were assembled Fagi s ,

Trem elliu s P x , and eter Ale ander (a French th refugee from Arles) , who resided with e

Primate . It was not foreseen how this libera ’ lit on y , the Archbishop s part , to welcome the

strangers , tended to produce those controversies which were inseparable from the spirit of the age .

B u c er , delighted with the novelty and com 8 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

“ fort of Cambridge , declared no college on the ” continent could compare to our Universitie s .

In his brief professorship , and in the stor my

theological contests he there encountered , ’ Bu c er s e lif was short , but eventful , and in his ’ honoured tomb , in St . Mary s church , old

animosities seem to have been forgotten , in

the respect paid his memory at the last .

A e wa s lett r, fully corroborating this feeling ,

r D w itten by Sir John Cheke to Dr . Parker ( ean of Lincoln , afterwards Primate) , on the death “ Bu c er of , which spoke of his deepness of knowledge , his earnestness in religion , his ” fatherliness in life . 1 8 In 54 , Archbishop Cranmer wrote to John a Bu c er n Lasco and , inviting them to Engla d ,

U tenhoviu s and we ﬁnd , the assistant of John a P Lasco , writing from Canterbury to the rimate about this time “ that they had sermon s and ” godly meetings within their walls . Their e minister was Francois La Rivi re , who after wards held a similar position at the French a n d

Walloon Church in London . This would seem to indicate some sort of

n co gregation at Canterbury , and in another two

1 0 we years , 55 , can speak of its foundation and i E is H me in the r ngl h o . 9

o f e f the countenanc a forded it by Royalty , and s u bsequently of the patronage gracefully ex

t . ended to it , by many among our Archbishops It must not be supposed that although

Cranmer corresponded with , and encouraged

r P otestants to England , he was free from doctrines with which many of them greatly

f e di fered . The phases of th ological controversy

only come within the limits of this subject , as

a n incidental illustration of refugee history , and

their full scope must be sought in larger works . It may be stated that what is known as ’ ’ C ranm er s Catechism , in which the Primate s

orthodoxy on the sacraments was doubted , was

the point of attack by many foreign divines ,

in and that reply to the allegations therein , the Arc hbishop consulted John a Lasco and Peter

Martyr .

The 1 0 year 5 5 , however, dates the establish n ment of a co gregation in London , presided over

by John a Lasco , and the charter of Edward VI . ’

r . g anting St Austin s Church , the disused convent of the Augustinian Friars , to the strangers , on h a4t of July in that year . We have now arrived at deﬁned ground in the annals of this subject , and shall be able to 1o P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

t sketch its progress , and a corresponding activi y in churches afterwards established in the p ro vinces . “ d e Stow, in his Survey of London , after ’ H Thr ad n scribing St . Anthony s ospital in e ee dle

o Street , which was dissolved at the Reformati n , ’ and its revenues annexed to St . George s Chapel ,

Windsor, says , The houses with others be

n letten out for rent , and the church is a preachi g ” place for the French nation . “ ” A superintendent , John a Lasco , and four ” e ministers , were appointed by letters pat nt to have the general oversight of the foreign churches . We learn Bishop Ridley wa s opposed to the scheme, but that Cranmer

a favoured it . The noted work, by John a L sco ,

e was now translated into French , Tout la forme et maniere du minist ere ec c lesia stiqu e ’ l E lise en g des estrangers a Londres , and adopted as the standard code for the foreign congregations . Their services became a du ly fﬁ recognized institution ; but it is di cult , at this early date , to identify the ministers of their

ﬁrst church . In the pages of the diarists and writers of the

e n time , references are mad to some congregatio s ,

1 2 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

The fuller account of this church a n d its ministers will be found in Chapter IV .

n As a landmark of refugee history , the pri ting 3 h of the Common Prayer in French , for w ich

1 2 m a patent was granted in 5 5 , forms a ost decided advance . Sir William Cecil , Dr .

Goodrich (Bishop of Ely) , and the Lord Chan

c ellor , equally with the Protector Somerset, advocated and supported this movement with

Edward VI . The translation was made by one Fra ncoy s

Philippe , and the success of the undertaking was due to John a Lasco and Archbishop

Cranmer, and is memorable in every way . Permission was given for a French Pro

testant to set up a press , and Thomas Gaultier,

- ri the printer of the Prayer book , had that p l vi ege . h The early history , both of the Dutch churc in Austin Friars and that of the French and Walloon

Threa dneedle m e Church in Street , is in these ti s , much intermixed and diﬂic u lt to trace in d u e

e . 1 2 sequenc We read that in 5 5 , owing to

’ 8 L e re d es r eres c ommu nes d e l administration Liv P i , ’ ’ r m n t au tres c érémon es en l E lis An l t rr d es Sac a e s e i g e d g e e e. ’ 1 5 5 33 in th r E n h ei glis H ome. 13

’ s ome of John a La sc o s congregation n ot r esorting to their parish churches , they were t hreatened with imprisonment , and that a Lasco a ppealed to the king , that they might have a r oyal warrant not to be disturbed in the exercise

of their worship . One of the eminent men at this time was

u Trem elliu s R dolf Cavalier , who assisted in H teaching ebrew at Cambridge . For his

gratuitous lectures in that University , he was m ade a free denizen , and afterwards a Prebend

of Canterbury Cathedral . We now hear of the refugee settlement at

m em or Glastonbury, of itself an important and it able event , revealing as did , the great care that the Protector Somerset took to support

the cause of the exiles , by planting the weaving t rade in that town , where he had acquired

estates . Sir William Cecil and Cranmer were also interested in the establishment of

P ollanu s this church , and by their means one

was appointed superintendent . The death of the Duke of Somerset very much disturbed the work of the exiles ; their employment

- d was well nigh gone, and in their istress they

applied to the government for assistance . 14 P r otesta n ts fr om Fr a nce

That being granted , their occupations were

s P olla nu s a n re umed , and in this matter, had t ke

. e r of great trouble On the decease , howev ,

. e Edward VI the congregation was disp rsed,

and many ﬂed to Frankfort . The settlement had consisted both of Wal

t wa s a m loons and French , and heir liturgy fr ed w on the lines of that at Strasbourg , here

Valeran d P olla ndu s n a s Poulain , or , had bee p tor f before coming to Glastonbury . The ou n da tion of this church appears to show clearly the

n relations of our policy with foreig communities, and perhaps more than all , a certain sympathy between Cranmer and the Protector Somer set on religious matters . Their service contai n ed passages which are to this day used by the

F c s rench Protestants , so that in many respe t , a unique and historical interest gathers round this ’ r strangers chu ch .

n ow We turn , for a time , from England to t he

Continent , as it is impossible not to include the f h e forts of the Reformers abroad , some of w om much inﬂuenced the work which was progress ing at home .

1 0 s Calvin , born at Noyon in 5 9, claim our

ea notice, while Beza adds to the group of l rned in th r is e ei E ngl h H om . 1 5

- d ivines . The last named took a prominent part in t he f 1 6 1 e amous colloquy at Poissy in 5 , betwe n t he H Roman Catholic church and the uguenots , of w S hom he was the representative pokesman . ’ Calvin s inﬂuence was , perhaps of all the r est, most felt in England , and the controversies w hich occurred with other leading men at

S s tra bourg and Frankfort caused , though in an i ncipient way , the ﬁrst appearance of English

P u ritanism . The long disputations between Calvin and his opponents do not come within the limits of this work , and can be studied in H ’ H " the pages of ardwick s Church istory , and other standard books . It may be said that on a Beza the m ntle of Calvin descended , and that he was very much associated with the H struggles of the uguenots in France , and with the action of the English bishops . Of Calvin ’s intercourse and correspondence “ e with England , most interesting letters r main , which have been printed from the MSS . pre served in the archives at Geneva .

With Edward VI . and Archbishop Cranmer ,

Calvin kept up much communication , and the

“ 4 rs of ohn alv n ed ed b D r u les ette C . L J i , it y J

Bonnet ols 18 . ; 2 v . 55 16 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce direct tenour of his views that t he c loser union of the reformed churches wou ld be

ff r l s no s e ected by the assembling of gene a y d , was fully shared in by the Primate . C a lvin writes to Cranmer that nothing is more p ower ful to unite the churches of God than the pure

of fai teaching of the Gospel , and harmony th . For this cause I desire that pious and lea r ned men should meet together on the prin c ipal e points of doctrin .

r om e r e Calvin proposed to the Protecto S s t,

1 8 m on f in 54 , a plan for the complete refor ati o d i the English Church , and although much ffer

r ence was expressed at his doctrines , yet thei Th inﬂuence was wide and important . e Fr ench

h r n C u ch in London had , in its early days , bee

’ al s troubled with theological disputes , and C v in intervention was sought .

d t e Geneva , where the reformer long live ,

In tains grateful memories of his benefactions .

r t uth , he laid the foundation of much of her theological fame, or, as ably described by the “ . his in late J . R Green , the historian , that ﬂ u en c e made Geneva from 154 1 the centr e of ” the Protestant world . of On the death Edward , Calvin wrote a in their n li sh m 1 E g H o e. 7

e l tter of great regret , and in the lifetime of that m onarch much correspondence passed between t he throne of England and the reformer .

To Calvin , the King addressed these me m orable words It is a great thing to be a

king , and especially of such a country ; and yet I doubt not , that you regard it as above all ” comparison greater, to be a Christian .

The reign of Edward, though short , was naturally much in unison with Protestant sympa thies , which had been aroused by Roger Ascham ,

D r . Coxe , and others , who had early taught the reformed doctrines and truth to their Royal

master .

1 in I n 553 , Calvin and Cranmer used their

ﬂ u enc e with the French king, to liberate one of his subjects imprisoned for the Gospel ’s

sake .

As time progressed , the central ﬁgure , how

w a s ever, Archbishop Cranmer, who , as we have

for seen , invited foreigners to London a general

conference on the union of Protestant Churches .

of To Edward , at the beginning his reign , the strangers appealed upon this projected

scheme , which was not greatly encouraged .

the The loss of the king, and previously that of C 18 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

e f Protector Somerset, extinguished all hop s o

e n any further progress in the refugee caus , a d the accession of Queen Mary witness e d a c om ple t e overt hrow of the previous efforts to strengthen or consolidate the foreign Prote s tant

faith in England . John a Lasco had leave to embark fo r the

n Low Countries , and ﬁnally settled at Fra kfort ,

where a congregation had been founded . It is touching to record that when Cranmer was ordered by Queen Mary to keep his house at

! n d Lambeth (which , alas he soon excha ge for

ha d b the Tower) , many of those whom he e m friended came and consoled him , and a ong

them Peter Martyr, his former guest . A royal inquisition ordered the foreign ers who “ had settled in London to leave England . That ” R city , says the late J . . Green , retained r the much of its Protestant sympathy , but ove rest of the country the tide of reaction swept ” ’ the e without a check . Each step in Qu en s persecution had been marked by a fresh ﬂ ight of preachers , merchants , and gentry across the seas”’ Among the exiles we ﬁnd some who bec a m e bishops and statesmen in the succeeding reign .

2 0 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce allied with the usual degradation of the paga n ism

t o f t he of the Renaissance, this beautiful plan

it s ﬂ o Reformation grew up , producing as wers

e an d wo the Protestant family hom , and men men of so grand and true a type that they m ak e the name of Huguenot for ever fragrant in the ﬁeld ” of history .

0 n Eu n B rsi r f of o é e e e D . D . Earlier Li e C lig y, by g , their E n sh m 2 1 gli H o e.

C HAPTER I I .

— The refugees under Qu een Elizabeth Bishops of London — — and their aid Grindal and Parker Walloons and — French at N orwic h Admiral Coligny and his brother — — r c n nﬂ n n n f D r Odet Thei haracter a d i u e c e Opi io s o . — h ar m it r s ts— The Bersier T e St . B tholo ew and s e ul ’ — Qu een s safety Canterbu ry Cathedral and its c rypt c ur — Ar s o s ar er r n a t ft Ban h ch chbi h p P k , G i d l, Whi gi , c roft and ot— e r re e t on of the stran ers , Abb Th i c p i g — Religiou s c ontroversies Refugee church under James I .

A VERY important page of refugee history now

opens before us . The reign of Elizabeth comprises some of the

m r t e ost eventful stages of prog ess , hough r ached

through much warfare and controversy . During

t his period occurred the St . Bartholomew and its c onsequences on the foreign settlements — in England t he life and death of the hero m of that massacre , Ad iral Coligny, and the strengthening of the Reformation in England 2 2 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

by the inﬂuences of the Huguenot faith in

our land . “ - The trading classes of the town , says ” H e o Green , in his istory of the English p ple, had been the ﬁrst to embrace the doc trines of the Reformation ; but their Protesta ntism became a passion as the refugees of t he c on tinent brought to shop and market their ta le of ” outrage and blood . The features with which we are mostly c on

e cerned , reveal the encouragement giv n t o t he

r o refugee worship and their churches , th ugh

a the instrumentality of the Primates P rker,

n Grindal , Whitgift , and the Bishops of Lo don . The foreign policy of Elizabeth is clearly shown by the aid she afforded to French Protestants

in their internal wars , receiving, in return , that help in her kingdom by which it was pa rtly R secured from the factions of the omanists . “ The Reformation was ﬁghting for Elizabeth ” on the one side of the sea as the other . Her reign witnessed the reunion of the H uguenot church in London , which , under t he rule of Queen Mary , had been dispersed , a n d almost annihilated . At the end of the sixteenth century we hear t E h m 2 in heir nglis H o e . 3

r w of mo e congregations, hile those already

existing , especially at Norwich and Canterbury ,

were encouraged and increased . I t is well known that Elizabeth proceeded with great caution in her gradual development of the Protestant religion , and that the historical ’ site of Paul s Cross often witnessed her presence

1 to hear the discourses of noted men . In 559, ’ “ a Str e s year after her accession , yp Annals ”

of . the Reformation record , that Mr Veron , a n Fre chman by birth , a learned Protestant and

’ pastor of St . Martin s , Ludgate , preached at ’ Paul s Cross before the Mayor and aldermen .

After the sermon they sang , all in common , a

psalm in metre , the custom being brought from ” abroad by the exiles .

Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Edmund Grindal , Bishop of London , are two pioneers of refugee history for the next twenty years .

In Parker, the valued chaplain to her mother, “ Queen Ann Boleyn , Elizabeth found an agent in re - the organization of the church , whose ” 1 patience and moderation were akin to her own . ’ In the beginning of the Primate s career, great

’ ” 1 reen s s h G Hi tory of t e English People. 2 4 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

fﬁ H in h di culties beset his work Dean ook, is

Lives of the Archbishops , remarks that Pro

t estantism d u n was egenerating into P rita ism , and he perceived that even the men with wh o m he ” u would have to act could not be depended p on .

d in Many exiles had returned from abroa ,

ﬂ u en c e d by their foreign sojourn , and it was

the wise policy of the Archbishop , jointly with t m Cecil (Lord Burleigh) , to conciliate he . A certain catholicity of thought perv aded the P ri in him mate , as we perceive , a letter from to that

e o statesman , regarding the confer nce at P issy

between Roman Catholics and Protestants . “ If we all were as careful to help t he re edifying of so great a Church as Fran c e is w to Christ again , beside the commodity hich

u should redound to that realm , it could not but t rn

d s to our quiet at home, to have more frien in ” 3 conjunction of religion . Our interest seems often diverted from

l h sh Grinda , as Bishop of London , to Arc bi op

e ha d Park r , between whom genial friendship long existed . Both of these men had much

e u o to do with the r f gees , and a recommendati n

2 ” ar er Soc et orres on en e of att e ar er (P k i y) C p d c M h w P k . 1 8 53 . in their n lish me 2 E g H o . 5 from Bishop Grindal to the Primate on their behalf, generally led to a successful issue .

After the departure of John a Lasco , Queen Elizabeth chose Grindal as superintendent ” Hi of the foreign churches . s care for them is r He ecorded by Strype , who relates did show himself on all occasions a true patron to them . The Queen , with searching keenness , required the French and Dutch ministers in 1 562 G to give rindal a list of their communicants . I n 1 567the Bishop issued an inquiry through

v oc c u out e ery ward in London , of their trades ,

ation s p , and to what churches they resorted . — This proc ee dingwa s of twofold value in gaining

t he a better estimate of number of refugees , and also of protection for them when threatened with persecution . I n we ﬁnd the minister and elders of the French church gave in the names of all their members , as the Dutch com munity had previously done the ministers were

C ha stellain Jean Cousin , Pierre , Anthony de

P ou c hel the elders , Michael Chaudron and e Gerard de Lobel . Th se returns were sent in to the Bishop of London , and afterwards to the

r e P imat , from whom redress or aid could be obtained . P r ot esta nts fr om Fr a nce

’ Grindal s opinion of Jean Cousin is seen ’ his 1 68 a s o ws in letter to Beza in 5 , f llo

fu m er Master John Cousin , the most faith l inist

the r ha s s of French church in this count y , thi day shown me a letter that he has wr itten to you on the state of the Dutch ch u rch in

t o h London . The subj ect alluded w a s t e controversial war then raging on do c trinal

questions . Jean Cousin also interposed with Lord Bur

the a ll the leigh , and obtained liberation of refugees detained in prison for debt ; his cor respondence was often associated with letters from the Queen and Beza . The dissensions above referred to in the foreign churches occasioned Grindal much

oh trouble ; he severely dealt with disunion , li in g g the renunciation of erroneous opinion .

We c have thus seen , how the wise poli y of

r Elizabeth , followed by Bishop G indal , was carried out by Archbishop Parker. Not only t he congregation in London came und e r his

s s o cognizance , but the provincial churche ught his valued recognition .

h r w T us , as regards the Walloons at No ich ,

3 etters ar er So et : s o r n a . L , P k ci y Bi h p G i d l

P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce for in 1 5 71 Bishop Parkhurst (Norwic h) writes t o Bullinger about the dissensions Y ou will s a e r on to c rc believe what labour I have unde g e, sa e h le tim y nothing of xpense during the w o e, and yet the se refractory people will n ot giv e up

s n a r b i a ingl e point . The congregation was e e ng

ok r h br en up . In the French Church eve yt ing ” ls is e et v ry qui they are in number about 40 0 . I t will be remembered that the Wa lloon c was b fu hurch jointly used y the French re gees , who were much increased in numbers aft e r the

S Ba t . rtholomew With so just an advocate of religiou s fr ee

dom as the a h Archbishop , and the symp t y of

B s o i e i h p Gr ndal , it is not to be wonder d that Engla nd should receive a large portion of t ho se

who e scaped the St . Bartholomew massacre . The event is so well known in history tha t to

e f b dilat upon it would be apart rom my o j ect , further than to expatiate on the enormity of that

e act o cru l which desolated thousands of h mes , and upon the death of the leader of the H u uguenots , Admiral Coligny , whose co rage and constant faith are now being better a ppre

ia b c t ed through the narrative of his life , y the

' 5 Zur etters ar er So et . ich L , P k ci y in t eir E n lish H me h g o .

6 B i r D D ers e . . Rev . Pasteur , , of Paris ; and also

b . . y the graphic pen of Walter Besant , M A , in

- his monograph of that patriot statesman . We are concerned rather on the inﬂ u ence of ’ in ou r own la n a the St . Bartholomew , wherein its consequences were no less momentous than

true . For the exodus from France brought d many nobles , the learne , the wealthy , the poor ,

f few and the su fering to our shores . A years

e a before , Od t de Coligny (Cardinal Ch tillon) , the

a brother of the Admiral , was amb ssador in Eng

in 1 6 land . On his arrival November , 5 7, he was Sir G met by Thomas resham , who conducted him to his house in London , and the morning after, a very interesting circumstance is recorded by “ the historian Camden . The Cardinal , in his

short cloak and rapier by his side , rode with Sir Thomas Gresham and other persons of

distinction to the French church , to show his ” t he approbation of Protestant religion . Sir Thomas Gresham will be remembered as

the founder of the ﬁrst Royal Exchange, opened

1 0 by Queen Elizabeth in 5 7 , and destroyed in

he 1666 t Great Fire of . In that cloistered

6 ” Ear er fe of A m ra o n Eu ene Bersier li Li d i l C lig y, by g . n on 1 8 8 L o d , 4. P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

v r n n quadrangle would be merchants of e e y atio ,

e e known by their distinctiv dress and languag , “ Old forming indeed , a picturesque scene of ” o n London . We soon after read of Odet C lig y “ an being presented at court, where he had

s re audience of the Queen , and was graciou ly c eived n nd , which induced him to remain in E gla as long as he lived . It is sad to record that his death was alleged to be t hat of poison at Canterbury in 15 70 and among the historic monuments in the eas t end

n of that noble Minster, a small and unprete ding vaulted tomb marks the resting- place of the

r brother of the illust ious Admiral . I t would be unfair to the cause of Colign y to B i . ers er leave unnoticed the remark of Dr , that the language of Queen Elizabeth (in a letter she addressed to her ambassa dor in Paris) seem s t o us to describe with singular exactness the v ery part Coligny was playing at this moment ; t r uly

s devoted to the Protestant cause , he was re olved ” to uphold it only by lawful means . The letter was as follows Greet the

a f s Admir l a fectionately in our name , and as u re him that the wisdom and constancy which he has displayed hitherto and his whole behavi o ur

in th ir E n li sh H e g ome. 3 1 have deserved and have won for him the admira L the . et tion of world him not now , therefore , ne w glect the cause of God , of hich his conscience a ssures him he is so good a witness , but let him ” u se t his wisdom in the furtherance of tha cause . ’ be ( Eliza th s despatches to Throckmorton ,

1 March 3 ,

a As time progresses , the centr l ﬁgure of that great and sanguinary drama comes out more and mo w re clearly , as we vie him with the one aim of upholding that truth from which he never

swerved , amid the incessant religious conﬂicts which characterized the sixteenth century . “ Even Bossuet said , All the attempts made to de cry the Admiral had only rendered his memory ” 7 Hi . s r B r i o . e s er m re illustrious biographe , Dr ,

s al o remarks , Coligny presented the noble

- exa mple of a pure and beautiful home life, in which austerity of purpose was blended with the utm ost t enderness of heart an example rare ind e ed in that dissolute age .

To his old castle home of Chatillon - sur

o the his L ing , in precincts of which he sleeps “ ” l r last sleep , many a trave le might well bend

“ n Macaulay speaks of him as the good C olig y . 3 2 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce his steps and revive some recollections o f this

- hero martyr of 15 72 .

The inﬂuence of the St . Bartholomew o n the seats of learning in England cannot b e un

oi of noticed . In his history the University m . e Cambridge , the Rev . J B . Mullinger r arks , The exultation of Sander and Louvai n only brought into stronger relief the honest indig nation of Parker and Cambridge . The French

u envoy had to listen while Elizabeth , forgetf l

t he of her wonted guile , and rising to full

r height of her imperial nature , uttered wo ds

— as of true womanly scorn while Burleigh ,

a e ss he too l id aside his habitual warin , de c lared in the council chamber t hat no more atrocious crime had disgraced humanity since the cruciﬁxion of the Founder of their ” f on common faith . The e fect of this event Cambridge was to strengthen the spirit of

to Protestantism , which that University had ,

e a certain extent , imbibed The massacr was the theme and cause of many a political letter, or record of chronicler,

’ whether ecclesiastic or lay . The Pope s de nu nc ia tion of the arrival of the refugees after 1572 was answered by Bishop J ewel

34 P r otesta n ts fr om Fr a nce wants to the Dean and Chapter ; and we ﬁ nd

n For him , in a letter to Lord Burleigh , stati g

n o t those ministers of France exiled , I did only

t b u t a procure by collection a good por ion , lso gave them of my own pu r se a large and honest

n ot portion among them , which I have yet

e r much blazed , nor intend not ; let oth men ’ G r delight in their lo ia Patri , I will do but ” 8 what I can , quietly . In the splendid banquets to his Sovere ign at

n Canterbury , it may be that the words spoke

s by Archbishop Parker on another occa ion, That proﬁtable and gentle strangers ought to ” w be welcomed and not to be grudged at , ould re - echo in his mind , as he conducted the Queen . r w over that historic minster, the c ypt of hich she had granted to the use of the foreigners , whose industries were already beneﬁting the metropolitical City . — In 15 75 the scene changes Archbishop

c on Grindal , in succeeding to the primacy , tinu ed the aid to the refugees which he had

His shown them as Bishop of London . short

1 —1 8 tenure of the See, from 5 75 5 3 , did not enable him to exercise the liberality of his pre

ar er So t P k cie y. their E n lish H me g o . 3 5 d ecessor, and his falling under the censure of h Elizabet , and his premature resignation, crip

t rw p led his o he ise wide inﬂuence .

In Archbishop W hitgift , we had a prelate differing in many points from Parker and

Grindal , and it is the more to be recorded that

the he supported the cause of exiles , and that

the Queen acted on his advice , and regarded

1 1 C a st oll him as a personal friend . In 59 , John , “ ” a discreet and learned man , was minister of

in the French church in London , and by his

t erc es sion a with the Archbishop , arranged somewhat diﬂi c ult matter in favour of his

congregation , who were expected by the Queen to contribute in money towards the assistance

H who wa s of enry of Navarre , trying for the

c rown of France . ’ C a st oll s statements that his congregation

c ould not assist , having to send what funds t hey had to the relief of the churches at M ontpellier, Geneva , and places abroad , were

s upported by the Primate and Lord Burleigh .

s l We afterwards ﬁnd Mr . C a to lcorresponding w ith the Archbishop , who in those days often a dvised on foreign as well as on ecclesiastical

a nd civil matters . Encouragement was given

D 2 36 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

n at this time to many trades , and the erectio of a wool staple was an industry in whi c h the f t d di ferent refugee communities par icipate .

t he With James I . the fugitives enjoyed same liberty as under Queen Elizabeth , though we do not read of such direct assistance given

Th ou . e them King said , I will protect y as it becomes a good prince to protect all who have ’ ” s abandoned their country for religion s ake .

Fr nch C ha r ch L ondon A r chives e . ( , , ) ’ a J mes s character was peaceable , though leisurely , and inclined to take matters smoothly; he wrote to the French ambassador : If the

e Queen , your mistress , chooses to infring the edicts granted to the Protestants of her king

not v dom , I do admit that the alliance I ha e made and conﬁrmed with France shall preven t ” my aiding and protecting them . Richard Bancroft was Archbishop of Canter ’ bury during part of James I . s reign , and there are occasional instances when his assistanc e

was valuable and important . The new translation of the Scriptures was w no undertaken, and what is known as the — authorized version following the conferen c e of learned men at Hampton Court— was published in their E n lish H ome g . 3 7

161 1 in . The condition , or rather legislative action , as to the churches in the Channel Isles , ’ came under the Primate s notice ; the congre

a tion s g there , having overstepped their bounds , f their authority had to be curtailed . The di fer e nc e s between the Church of England and the

French Protestants were long , and although

Dr. Bancroft began the work of adjustment ,

his successor (Abbot) completed the task . We ﬁnd several instances of that Primate ’s “ ” regard for the strangers .

ha d 162 0 There been , about the year , a con

sidera ble migration from France , and we read that the Archbishop commends the cause of the distressed French to the tender affection of the

bishops and clergy, and urges them to interest

r others in their behalf, according to a equest which had gone out from t he council of the

nation . There were also some negotiations for the improvement of foreign trade and the probi bition of the importation of silk goods ; such

matters were usually addressed to the King, but in many cases were ﬁrst considered by the

Archbishop or the Lord Chancellor . As the spiritual power in the realm became 3 8 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

the more and more distinct from the secular,

e o r lations of the English Church , as ass ciated

and . with the foreign , draw closer closer

er w One could not have wished it oth ise , though in many cases the independent action of the latter was too much fettered by episc o pacy . The last years of Abbot’s primacy m erge I into the reign of Charles . , and in the eventful course of that period , when the absolutism of

we Archbishop Laud was so prominent, shall see how his inﬂuence reduced to a level of in action the earnestness of those refugee churches

i e which , through trial and patience, had r s n to much excellence . in their E n li sh H ome g . 39

H C APTER I I I .

— Foreign Protestants under Charles I. Archbishop Lau d — — and his measures The Civil War The Puritans — Commonwealth Cromwell The Restoration — — f the E t of r s am es . e o at n o Cha le II . J II R v c io dic — — N antes Its effects in England and Franc e Lou is — XIV am . and his aid to the refu ees . Willi III g — Bishops Compton and Burnet Archbishops Sancroft — — and Tillotson Bishop Lloyd Marqu is Ru vigny u een Anne and her ass stan e— r s o s Tenison Q i c A chbi h p , a e err n and Se er— e r en oura ement of W k , H i g, ck Th i c g — the exiles Corr espondence with foreign powers in — — their behalf Antoine Court Close of the persecu

tions.

n W H EN we enter on the reig of Charles I . a f d i ferent prospect dawns on us . The court inﬂuence was not favourable t o the refugee element in England . Laud , though Bishop of

e London , was practically at the head of eccl l sia stic a f . a fairs The King , at the beginning of w his reign , showed a certain liberality to ards the ” 162 6 en strangers , and in issued a decree j oining all oﬂic ers of the crown to maintain the 40 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

s numbers of the foreign churches . The Bi hops ,

s e d s however , as we shall see later on , oppo thi

n s the movement , fearing that it would dimi i h reputation and dignity of t he Episcopal govem ment . The results of this measure are set fo rth in ’ H the pages of the late J R . Green s ist o ry of ” w the English People . The freedom of o rship which had been allowed to the Huguen ot re fu e es W s g from France , or the alloon from

t he re Flanders , was suddenly withdrawn , and qu irem en t of conformity with the Anglican ritu al drove them in crowds from the southern p orts e H to s ek toleration in olland . The English ambassador at Paris was forbidden to vi s it the ” H v uguenot con enticle at Charenton . Charles wa s brought much into contact with t foreign powers , and it is to be regre ted that h his complicity with Archbishop Laud , s ould have diverted his proceedings into a marked

insincerity of action . If the King had pursued a tolerant c ourse h towards the Protestants , history would not ave recorded the disaster of La Rochelle with so much bitterness against the Sovereign of E ng land .

P r ot esta nts fr om Fr a nce

It is not then to be wondered at that the Pro testant party of France should take umbrage at the innovations made in regard to their r efugee

r e brethren in this count y. Both King and Primat

s acted in concert , and if the former had incerely

n o c om held the essentials of Protestantism ,

H e s plaints could have been made by the ugu not , whose progress was constantly chec ked by

. did Archbishop Laud Charles , we may say , show consideration to other than the French

we 16 n refugees , as learn that in 34 a collectio for the distressed ministers of the Palatinate was set on foot by the King, but discountenanced by the Archbishop . We ﬁnd the same action ’ in Norwich diocese , where , in Bishop Wren s

16 6 n t s visitation in 3 , several inju c ion were issued for a stricter discipline of the foreign churches ; the order for conformity of wor ship having been so strict that Dr . J essop , ” H s s in his Diocesan istory of Norwich , tate that the exodus from that city to New England this year is said by the historian of America to have exceeded 2 0 0 0 . One would have imagined that motives of policy would have actuated the Bishop in retaining an industrious portion of the community , many of whom , on the passing of E in their nglish H ome . 43

t h i s severe sentence , left, to the lessening of

m a nufactures , and transporting their mystery ” in t o foreign parts . This emigration , though

a t l a loss to Eng and , through the severity of

e i p scopal jurisdiction , gained to America many

a n historical and commercial advantage . The

t o l t erance here allowed , spoke in strong con

t r a st to that in the old country , and America ha s always shown herself a generous advocate f o religio u s freedom . The episcopate of John Jegon (Norwich)

is a contrast to his successor, Matthew Wren . In 160 3 the French congregation petitioned “ B ishop Jegon against alien strangers for not ” c ontributing to the expense of the church . This a ction would indicate that this com m unity looked upon the Bishop as an a and dviser arbitrator , and not as a stern

a s e s rtor of absolutism , at whatever cost to

others . The Commonwealth greatly changed the ff course of ecclesiastical a airs , and also the relations with the refugee churches .

u Cromwell , like Elizabeth , j udiciously sed t he foreign inﬂuence to the strengthening of E ngland , and as regards the persecution of 44 P r otesta n ts fr om Fr a nce the Vaudois by Louis XIV he made that ’ monarch s minister ashamed of the part he had allowed the French troops to play . The Pro ’ t ec tor s inﬂuence with the Duke of Savoy was such that the edict against the Vaudoi s was ’ revoked . It is well known that Cromwell s

t e r envoy , Sir Samuel Morland , was sen to th i

t the relief , also with pecuniary aid , and tha important correspondence of this expe dition is preserved among the Cambridge University

MSS . The intercourse at this time betwe en the

e &c . Universities of Saumur, Sedan , Nism s , , and the theological centres of our land was extensive ; many French Protestants were incor

orat ed of p into the University Oxford , and all of them reached fame and distinction . The disintegration of church property during w the Common ealth led to various changes , and

v e in its redistribution , se eral poor livings wer

augmented . Cromwell had granted the chapel in Somerset

H u e ouse for the use of the ref gees , and , in oth r

his ways , by encouragement and relief, showed “ ” sympathy with the strangers . In 1653 we hear of a petition of the wardens their E n lish H ome g . 45 o f the several handicraft gu ilds in London that t he requests of the French and Walloon churches

m 16 6 ight be heard , and in 5 a petition of John

D u rant , preacher in Canterbury Cathedral , that t he societies for maintenance of ministers settle

l. on him 75 per annum . The result of the Commonwealth rule in c hurch matters is described by t he historian

J . R . Green , that it solved , so far as practical w orking was concerned , the problem of a re ligious union among Protestants on the base ” o f a wide variety of Christian O pinion . From

t he church which was thus reorganized , all power of interference wit h creeds differing

from its own was resolutely withheld . Cromwell re mained tru e throughout to his great cause of ” re ligious liberty . This would naturally awaken

k t n indly sen iments , and the same feeli g seems

to have been entertained for his son , Richard C 16 0 romwell , for in 5 , the foreign churches

c ongratulated him as Protector, to which he

r eturned a gracious answer .

With the Restoration , another page of history — o p ens before u s a page that is very interesti ng

t 1660 — 1 68 w to s udy, a period from 5 , the t enty ﬁve years preceding the Revocation of t he P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

n I e I . Edict of Nantes , and the reig s of C harl s

and James II .

r es the In those years , the va ying tendenci of two monarchs are clearly seen in their conduct

w . at to ards the foreign Protestants Though ,

m u m the times , uch co ntenance was given to the , underlying inﬂuence of Roman Catholicism was

ce at work , fomented by the friendship and inﬂuen I h of Louis X V. This period also witne s sed t e

on s advent the scene of some noted divine , whose part was more effectually pla ye d out

after the Revocation of the Edict . I a llude to Bishops Compton (London) and Burnet (Salis

bu r the Y) , able and zealous supporters of

the reformed religion of France, as exercised by

exiles in England .

s The opening career of Charles I I . ounded “ fair and ﬁrm to the Protestant cause . Rest “ u ot e n assured , said he , that nder our pr ctio you shall have as much liberty i s ever you had

under my predecessors . The Gallican ministers assured those in England that the King is a very good Pro A . few testant , and much in their behalf

in ntr years wrought a change this cou y , a f s e s change which a fected all religiou cr ed . in their E n lish H ome g . 47

There are instances of the refugees seeking t ha t consideration which had been given them in fo r mer reigns for in 1660 we read of a petition

o f & c . n the ministers , elders , , of the co gregation

in London for compensation of privileges , that n o other French church may be permitted to

d iv ide and ruin them . Charles granted them a place of worship in

t he Savoy , of which Pepys, the diarist , records a

v s t 2 th 1662 i i on September 4 , To the French

c h in the urch Savoy , where they have the C ommon Prayer- book read in French ; and which w I never saw before , the minister do preach ith

his off r hat , I suppose in fu ther conformity with

r o u church .

This , the ﬁrst French version of the English

D u rel liturgy , was by John , and licensed to be

u s 166 ed in 3 , as appears by the approval of

B ishop Sheldon of London . We then ﬁnd an order for this translation t o be used as soon as printed in all the parish

c u h rches of J ersey and Guernsey , and the King r ec ommending Monsieur D u rel for the sinecure

n ow held by the Bishop of Galloway . On February “ d 16 B 2 m . , 79, Evelyn records that Dr urel , Dean

of n s Wi d or, preached at Whitehall , and read the 48 P r otesta n ts fr om Fr a nce

had whole sermon out of his notes , whi ch I

he in f never before seen a Frenchman do , be g o ” . we s Jersey , and bred at Paris The ari ome differences between the Walloons a nd Fr e nch

1662 m the were always arising, and in a ong ” fﬁ c e c s Domestic Papers in the Record O , o cur “ an order enjoining the Walloons to unite in their

v — n worship , to a oid disputes maintain their ow — no t t o be poor without burdening the city ,

r taxed to maintain other than thei own poor . ’ Certainly , in Charles reign , no great hin

s s drances were thrown into holding ervice , though the aid afforded had not been so much as formerly . An instance of a certain liberality in action c an be recorded as to the refugee congregation at

who Thorney , in Cambridgeshire , were allowed l to choose their own minister, with the approva k of the Du e of Bedford and the Bishop of Ely . The Act of Uniformity passed in 1662 ( on ’ B rtholom ew s St . a Day) was sweeping a nd entire

v a in its results , and con ulsed the ecclesiastic l “ system . By its rejection of all but episcopal

e orders , this act sev red the Church of Eng land irretrievably from the general body of

ran the Protestant Churches , whether Luthe or

50 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

a n the sc e d to Revoc tio of Edict of Nantes , e ap

e n England a few years before that ev t . We learn in 1683 that a subscription wa s r a ised

s a n d t a for the relief of the exiled mini ters , h t

w n c n it was supported by Bishop Barlo of Li ol , and that the Archdeacons in that dioc e s e were asked to j oin the movement . Though Charles may not have gr eatly he lped

n ot dis the cause of the strangers , he did

f a m e to courage their e forts , fact the or

t o be recorded , as history avows his leaning

m a Catholicism , and that in his last mo ents ,

d s Romish priest was summoned to his be ide . Good Bishop Ken and Archbishop S a n c roft

c n were also there with messages of mer y , whe ’ - the latter s well known and honest speech , his “ t oric al : now in its force , was spoken It is

to time to speak out , sir, for you are about appear before a Judge who is no respecter of persons .

James I I . had been king hardly a year when “ 168 n in October, 5 , was signed the Revocatio ” the of Edict of Nantes , one of the most memorable and important events to Franc e a nd our own country . England was in a great measure prepared t o in their E n li sh H me g o . 5 1

r e ceive these persecuted and faithful adherents

for their religion , as we have seen some of them

ha d arrived beforehand , and the policy of the K ing, though attracted to Rome , was in favour of continuing the ancient immunities of the

foreign Protestants . We regret to say that James chieﬂy sought his advisers from the Romish party ; and h t t a , though assuming a favourable guise at

r e ﬁ st , r venged himself on a Bishop of London

w be hom excluded from his councils , for “ ” s y mpathy with the strangers . Another in ’ s tance of the King s intolerance on this matter ’ w a s that he sided against Monsieur Claude s b ook on the persecutions in France , the work having been brought to the Royal Exchange a n d there burnt . Lord Macaulay also records “ that James gave o rders that none should receive a crust of bread o r basket of coals who did not ﬁrst take the ” 2 s acrament according to the Anglican ritual . ” We n cannot ig ore the fact that the briefs, or ’ c ollections , which were made in this king s reign w i ere open to susp cion , and that the moneys so c r ollected were designed for F ench papists , or

2 “ ” stor of En lan vol. 11. Hi y g d,

E 2 5 2 P r otesta n ts fr om Fr a nce that it was a political movement with J am e s to make way with the Protestants . It is impossible not to notice the action and

f in e e fects of the Revocation of the Edict Franc , ere it wrought t hose changes in Englan d which led to a greater union of the Protestants

s of the two countries . Every hindrance wa

the put on leaving , so that the very rigour of Act compelled them to ﬂy from their native land . I t is astonishing to ﬁnd that some of the estimable people approved of these p er sec u

. e ne tions Even Madame de S vig , noted for her

s good sense , writes to the Comte de Bus y “ Y ou have doubtless seen the edict by which

v the king re okes that of Nantes . N othing

can be more admirable than its contents ,

and no king has done , or ever will do , a more ”

. honourable act The result , however , sig

nally failed in many respects , for , instead of

crushing the religion of these persecuted people ,

it provoked many , accustomed only to their

atois native p , to preach in excellent French .

u 168 From the cr elties of 5 , arose the great v th mo ement in the Cevennes , where e po or

peasants , led by their chiefs , held at bay the in their E n lish H ome g . 5 3 a r m ies of Louis XIV What France lost in this d ire persecution , England gained , and many of t he noblest natures have reﬂected their int elli

e r g nce and religion on our own count y .

: Alison , the historian , remarks From the R evocation of the Edict of Nantes is to be dated t he commencement of a series of causes and f e fects which closed the reign of Louis XIV . in m ourning ; indeed the weakness and disgrace o f the French monarch spread the fatal poison o f irreligion among the inhabitants , and ﬁnally o v erthrew that throne and that church which

ha d made such an infamous use of their power.

Louis , at ﬁrst moderate to the Protestants , a fterwards became their oppressor. Long

168 b efore 5 , cruel and unjust measures had b een passed ; their churches were destroyed , m inisters forbidden to preach ; while the sys t e m of depriving Protestants of all honours in

he — t State , and separation from their families , b rought the severities of the Edict vividly

b efore them . ’ Lady Rachel Russell writes in 1686 : Tis e nough to sink the strongest heart to read the

Ho n a ccounts sent over . w the children are tor t from heir mothers and sent into monasteries , 54 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

r t o ri on their mothe s to another, the husband p s ” or the galleys . 8 A medal commemorative of the eve nt was

Te D enms the struck , were sung at Rome, and greatest writers of the day eulogized the s uccess “ ” of the edict which had been urged on the King by Madame de Maintenon and Pere la

Chaise , his confessor . “ Robert Hall speaks of this period : From the fatal moment when France put an end to

c r the toleration of the Protestants , the o rup tions of the clergy—the abuses of the church

the impiety of the people , met with no check till inﬁdelity of the worst sort ruined the nation . In the hair- breadth escapes to England and e : lsewhere , we read of thrilling incidents the roads to the coast were watched by armed — patrols the ships in which the exiles sailed

f s were o ten fumigated with deadly vapour , and the utmost cruelties were exercised on them , so that many who could not brave the dangers of

- transit abjured their faith for self preservation , and then recanted on their arrival in England .

was So far this the case, that it is related as ’ a true occurrence of one who said , J ai damné ” mon ame . , pour sauver mes biens

See ustrat on a e . ill i , p g 73 in thei E n li h me r g s H o . 5 5

The long privations , the miseries of their d u i ngeon life in some d smal fortress of the South , t he cruel tortures and the weary days have been b r ightened by the heroic sacriﬁces made , as tale a f fter tale repeated the noble e forts of wife , hus

b a or . nd , child for their mutual release or escape T hese memoirs are often transmitted to us in t he pages of historical romance , detailing many 4 a t f hrilling incident of persecution and relie . The pamphlets of the time teem with the a c v m counts of the fugiti es, their nu ber and cir 5 “ c u m stanc e s ; and it is recorded They come hither in troops almost every day, the greatest part ” o f them with no other goods but their children .

168 For some years after 5 , the inﬂux of

s . trangers continued Not only London , but t he seaports and manufacturing towns received t h em , and henceforth England really became ” t heir home . That nation quickly raised sums for their re l t ief ; free letters of deniza ion were granted , and c hurches multiplied in all parts of the kingdom . Events hastened on rapidly in the short years ’ o f James s reign ; the Revolution of 1688 was

“ ” re and S or a stor of the u uenots By Fi w d, y H g , by

mas r er . 1 88 Tho A ch 5 .

resent State of the rotestants in ran e 1 68 1 . P P F c , 5 6 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

n of at hand , bringing with it those pio eers

i e r ght and truth , who in Church and Stat

the s upheld the constancy , and softened trial , ff of the su ering fugitives . The landing of William of Orange on the

th m 1688 h s of Nove ber , , at Torbay , broug t with it important and lasting results . In the relations of the refugees with Wil

e liam I I I . and his Irish campaigns another phas of history dawns on us , for Ranke observes Europe associated itself with English Protes ’ t antism in the Prince s army , and that in the

it s t e most impressive way , by sending as rep s nt atives e the French refugees . They contended against the system which had driven them out t t of their country , and which now hrea ened , if it conquered in England , to subjugate the world . They were kept together by the universal feel ing that the preservation of European freedom and of the Protestant religion depended on the ” success of this undertaking . While contemplating their ﬁdelity t o the ’ King s cause . the lines of Defoe , in his True bom Englishman are vividly recalled to u s

“ We blame the king that he relies too mu ch n stran ers ermans u u enots and ut O g , G , H g , D ch ; ’ or ners a e fa t fu o e him That f eig h v i h lly b y d , ’ ’ r him And none but Englishm en have e er b et ay d .

58 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

. 168 1 b e re the London Even in , four years fo

o c Revocation , we learn that the Privy C un il recommended the Primate to write t o the bishops of the Province of Canterbur y t o en courage contributions from the cle rgy and parishioners in aid of the foreigners .

S an c roft a s one The part Archbishop took , “ ” - l e of the non juring prelates , made him iabl

le r to misconception , but his commendab f ank

e his ness as regards the refugees , is relat d by D ’O l biographer , y y “ M of the onsieur Du Bordieu , minister

e e Fr nch Church in the Savoy , went to tak Hi leave of the Primate . s Grace told him that he did not doubt that the foreign Protestants would blame his conduct ; but he declared that before he took that step he had foreseen e ven the injury which the part he took might do to the Protestant cause . ’ Bishop Compton s name recalls a close con nec tion e with this important period of our subj ct , as he held the See of London from 1675 to

1 1 . O 7 4 As tutor to the Princesses of range, it is alleged that their ﬁrm adherence to the Protestant faith was the result of this learn e d

’ D l fe of Ar s o Sancroft . Oy y, Li chbi h p i n lish H ome in the r E g . 5 9

’ m a . E n s guidance John velyn , the diarist ,

t al o f en ludes to him , as a most sober, grave, ” a n d excellent prelate . Compton aimed at

r o P p moting union among rotestants , and for t hat obj ect invited the O pinions of learned L ’A l s r . n e trangers , and co responded with M de g ,

on e of the great preachers at Charenton , and i w . th Monsieur Claude , another French divine

or F his defence of the Protestant cause he was ,

’ o n James accession , suspended , but on the

r . a rival of William I I I . regained favour

So great was his furtherance of their interest , t hat it is said the refugees drank deep of his b o unty for many years he maintained all along a brotherly correspondence with the foreign c h s urche , and endeavoured to promote in them a good opinion concerning the doctrines and ” d iscipline of the Church of England . It is a known fact that William of Orange ob t a ined the aid of Parliament to grant a relief fund W ithout much trouble ; but the acts for naturali z a tion diﬂi u lt were more c to get passed . The p roceeding was unpopular with all boroughs a nd b corporations , and did not ecome law till

1 0 7 9. Meanwhile some few privileged persons “ ” o btained royal letters patent . P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

Archbishop Tillotson succeeded S an c roft

ro and , along with Bishop Compton , greatly p ” moted the interest of the strangers . Another appeal was set on foot for c on t ribu

a tions in the Diocese of London , at the instig

e tion of that Primate , with successful r sults . Bishop Lloyd held the S ec of Worcester at

this time . We hear of him recommending the

B n . r e ne to family of Mr y , a French minister , the Archbishop and he wished to bring about a union between the Protestant churches and f di ferent states of Europe .

a nd One eminent name is now conspicuous ,

that is the Marquis Ruvigny , noted , not only on account of his connection by marriage with

Lord William Russell , who was beheaded , but t as associa ed with Ireland , over which country

one of the family was Viceroy , and who was w selected , on account of his friendship ith the

Russells , on a mission to England . The ﬁrst

e Marquis , on coming here , settled at Gre nwich ,

n founded a co gregation there , and was the

of leader the foreign nobility in that place .

His neighbour , one no less than John Evelyn ,

r lived at Sayes Court , Deptford , and the dia ist records a visit t o the Marquis in 1685 i o 61 in their E ngl sh H me.

Ru vi né now I went to visit the Marquess g , m y neighbour at Greenwich , retired from the H e p e rsecution in France . was the deputy of a ll the Protestants of that kingdom in the Par lia m ent of Paris , and several times ambassador in this and other courts ; a person of great ” His le r . a ning and experience son , Lord Gal w a at y , built churches Portarlington , in Ireland ,

a n d exerted himself much for the refugees , by t rying to induce Archbishop Tenison to get a

s ettled fund for them from the government .

The illustrious Rachel , Lady Russell , whose m emoirs are in every hand , was related to the

M n arquis Ruvig y , and thus a double interest is

a ttached to the history of this nobleman .

In quitting the reign of William II I . , we

n otice , in his successor Queen Anne , a similar a n d zealous attachment for the welfare of the

d istressed people . In 1 70 3 the cause of the persecuted C even

n ois aroused the just indignation of Europe, and the Queen sent messengers to France with

her orders , and also commissioned certain re fu gee gent lemen to go aboard the English

ﬂeet , commanded by Admiral Shovel , in order

t o w be itnesses of her intentions . 62 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

u s t in Boyer, the royal historian , informs hat the year 1 70 7 the ministers of t he Fr ench

e direc church s in London and Westminster, by

m et in the tion from the Bishop of Salisbury ,

d e la chapel of the Savoy , when Monsieur

e f ha s Rivi re , one of their ministers , of ered a t nk ’ s a m giving for the victory of her Maj esty r y, and for making her the instrument of re storation

of the Protestant churches in France . To an

n address signed and presented , this signiﬁca t reply was returned by the Queen I have always had great compassion for the unhappy circumstances of the persecuted Pro t e st ant s of France ; I will communicate my

a nd thoughts upon this matter to our allies , hope such measures may be taken as m ay ” effectually answer the intent of your petition . We read of several memorials to Parliam ent

t he in this reign , for the better protection of

su b estates of the refugees , and for preventing jec t s in France claiming the property of t heir

. en relations , dying in England The act which grossed the greatest public interest was the

Naturalization Bill , which did not pass till the year 1 70 9. for Bishop Burnet spoke much it , and t he t r E lish H me in hei ng o . 63

B i shop of Chester ( Sir W . Dawes) as zealously against the measure . ’ The Queen s care for her foreign subjects a s ppear at no time to have diminished , and he r a nswer, through Lord Dartmouth , to a peti tion of the principal French congregations in London to support their interests in the negotia t ion of peace in 1 713 (the famous Peace of U tr echt) was as follows : Her Majesty has so m uch consideration of your sufferings that she is willing to give any further directions that may b e of advantage to you . In the following year the Queen writes to Archbishop Tenison to make a collection for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in

Foreign Parts .

When we turn from the Queen to the church , w e observe , during the next forty years , several P rimates who carried out the same encourage m e nt , and gave substantial assistance to the t r efugees as in former imes . These were Arch b Tenison H ishops , Wake , erring , and Secker, who , by their patronage and correspondence , s uccessfully combined with t he government and the nobility for the desired end . An example of this assistance is recorded in 64 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

f Tenison who in 16 6 the e forts of Archbishop , , 9 ’ on a petition of the Weavers Co mpany at

bill to Canterbury , was asked to promote the

s s and restrict the importation of East India ilk , before that time Charles I I . had granted a charter to enable the weavers to become a company . The good principles which had form erly guided the exiles did not forsake the m in

i r their daily life . Of this special trait n thei ’ character we recall an incident of past times . An English gentleman was travelling through

n his Fra ce , and in going through a valley

ran He horse nearly over a child . fell into

b - d conversation with the y standers , and foun

H ha h they were uguenots , and that they d wit h them a single copy of the Scriptures , wit

which they refreshed their faith . In going through the factory of the ﬁrm with which

e he had business , he inquired after these p ople.

They are a silly sort of people , but we never

have to weigh their silk , they brought t heir

silk for sale , and their account was alway s re ’ ceived . Although the world may call such a silly

7 “ rocee n s H u u enot Soc et of Amer ca 1 88 P di g , g i y i , 3 .

66 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce and carried on his long controversy with the Sorbonne on the much desired subj e ct of

he Re . . t v W union In this correspondence , .

a to Beauvoir, of refugee descent , and chapl in the Earl of Stair (who was ambassa dor at

The m of Paris) comes before our notice . fa ily h t e Rev. De Beauvoir settled in Kent , and Osmund Beauvoir one of the six preachers

of the in Canterbury Cathedral , was master

e of Free Grammar school there , and spok n H h by asted , the Kentish historian , in hig

S n terms . It is upposed that De Beauvoir Tow ,

Kingsland , takes its name from this family . Returning to the subject of the Gallican

s church , Monsieur Dupin and three other doctor of the Sorbonne expressed their desire for

was union ; but though at one time probable, it

. rt the not successfully concluded Neve heless , letters and statements on this vexed question are transmitted to us and preserved in Christ

e Church , Oxford , where Archbishop Wake gav

c lle so many of his MSS . In the Lambeth o c

tion , several papers , relating both to this point

n d a to refugee churches , show how wide and ’ enduring was the Primate s interest in these

particular subjects . in their E n lish H ome 6 g . 7

It is also to be noticed that when Antoine C ourt , one of the famous preachers of the C evennes , wished to found a college at

L s ausanne , he sought the aid of Archbi hop 1 W . ake, whose interposition with George

r e 1 2 sulted successfully , and in 7 9 the college

w a s founded . The sentiments of the Primate m ay be best learnt from a sermon preached b 16 y him in 99, on the occasion of a public fast It is but a little time since we were c alled on to receive those of the reformed

c h urch of France among us ; by doing this , w e have preserved so much of the Protestant interest from sinking ; all that their perse c u t ors have gained by their cruelty against

is them this , they have forced them to change

their country , but have not at all lessened their zeal for their religion or their ability to

defend it . and Dr . Wake was a voluminous writer, is “ ” best known by his State of the Church ,

1 0 printed in 7 3 . Reference wa s often made in these days t o the contests which took place for church preferment , and this is exempliﬁed by one of the satirical prints on which Horace F 2 68 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

c nt See Walpole , in allusion to the va a , wrote

The man whose pla ce they thought to take ” 9 - Is st a e and st a Wa e. ill liv , ill k

H the Archbishop erring , who succeeded to

1 the Primacy in 747, responded warmly to

e relief of persecution and distress , esp cially taking up the cause of the prisoners in the

- . e was galley ships In many cases , this Pr late associated with the Duke of Bedford for the f su fering refugees in the Channel Islands . Long was the correspondence which p assed

e between the Archbishop , Lord Albemarle , Duk

n of Newcastle , and other noblemen who ge erally held inﬂuential positions abroad .

n r Lord Albemarle , writing from Paris , Ja ua y,

1 0 w the 75 , after referring to his endeavours ith

s French Government for the release of the slave , says 1 “ Y our Grace may be assured that my zeal

e i a for the cause, wer not your recommendat on

fﬁ t he o or su cient spur , will not let me miss pp t u nity of renewing my application or discourage

the me in my pursuit , though out of long list I

1 Ar s o a e am et MS. 1 1 2 2 chbi h p W k , L b h , . t n l h m 6 in heir E g is H o e . 9

to g ave formerly the French ministry , I have o nly obtained the liberty of one of those poor ”

n Fa r u es . p eople , whose name is Fra cois q

Not only the French, but the distressed P rotestants of Hungary and the churches in ’ G er many received the Primate s support , and ,

e e p erhaps , mor than all , the Vaudois , whos n ame alone seem s to recall many memories of t he troubled history of those valley churches of

Pie dmont . In his constant endeavours for the rescue of t he b H galley slaves , Arch ishop erring obtained t he aid of Holland . Other countries also ex t ended the hand of friendship in the cau se of tru th and justice .

s About thi time , was founded the Society for encouraging Foreign Protestants , and the

Bour dillon Rev . Jacob , minister of the Wood

S italﬁ eld s Street Chapel , p , was the secretary

1 in 755 . In the establishment of a similar society in

r H I eland , we ﬁnd Archbishop erring in corre s ondenc e p with the secretary , Monsieur Simon, ’ and by the Primate s inﬂuence with the Lord

Lieutenant , aid was given to the numerous exiles who had settled in that country . 70 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

In no less warm manner did Archbishop Secker follow u p the means for aid tha n his predecessors had done . The ministers of Geneva had forme d a relief ’ s es fund , and the Primate s own word will b t convey the expression of his feelings t owards them It will always be a singu lar pleasure to me

e and to assist you in this excellent und rtaking, to receive your advice and directions for that purpose ; particularly the aﬂlic ted servants of God who suffer in France for the profes sion of “ t m ber 1 8 . Se e . the truth p , 75 In the vexed question whether nonconforming French ch urches should share in the Royal

Bounty equally with the conforming, this

e Prelat took a prominent part , and by his wise

action often secured beneﬁcial results .

As time progressed , the refugees became more

prosperous and less in need of help , and the question of continuing the Royal Fund was

agitated .

In this movement , Dr . Secker led the way by

s securing its continuance . as he himself ays, “ By mentioning it incidentally to the Duke of

am M 1 1 et S. 2 2 L b h , . in their E n li sh H ome 1 g . 7

N ewcastle as a thing to be done of course , in which light he also considered it , and will ” a ccordingly represent it to his Majesty . Other m e easures w re taken up by the Archbishop , who H , with Lord alifax , Lord Bute , Mr . Greville , d Lord Egremont, correspon ed with the King , o ften in a successful issue , either for money

r elief or for emigration to America , where lands

were assigned the colonists . A son of one of the most famous Pastors of ” e the D sert , as they were called , Antoine Court,

Seek r 1 6 1 . e writes to Dr , in 7 , on behalf of the people of the Cevennes ; also that the Primate H may recognize his succession as minister . e m t H entions the no ed work of his father, istoire

des troubles des Cevennes , ou de la guerre des

. C ” amisards , and begs leave to send a copy to

the Archbishop .

e I n those rocky fastn sses of southern France , we can almost picture the assemblies wor shipping for safety in the recesses of that vast d istrict , the sky alone forming a canopy to their r temple, while the words of thei accustomed prayer would break the solemn stillness of the scene “ Eternel notre bon Dieu ! Dieu du Ciel et 72 P r otestants fr om Fr a nce

le u n u s u de la Terre , pour service duq el o so f frons tant de c alamitez nous elevons nos yeux li n s et r e. a toi , attenda t ton secour , ta de v anc

fﬂ et o r e ure Seigneur, tu vois notre a iction, n t d

s de no s e n la servitude, Aye compas ion u s lo grandeur de ta misericorde et la ﬁdelite d e tes

s done e s s O n e promes es . Viens a notr ecour , otr ’ s s a r bon Dieu . Campe s tes Sainte Ange l entou nos su s ui es de personnes , O toi , Seigneur Je q ’ le e l Eternel he d e ch f des armées de , marc vant

s o s e n m t nous , condui n u , prot ge ous , co ba pour ” 3 nous . “ The Church in the Desert thu s be c ame one of the most important age n cies in France for the maintenan c e of religion ;

s n e a but even in tho e retreats , the co gr g tions were persecuted and hunted d own by their

oppressors .

w s the e of the e n c n u To ard clos eight e th e t ry, we happily learn that the tortures of t he gal

and e n leys the prisons wer begin ing to dec lin e .

b e e o t oo for Li erty , how v r, had c me late the

or w exiles in England , and hencef th they ere

3 Formulaire de Priere d es C evennois dans leurs assem ” ees. r nte a on res ar . e a e ans Stat oner bl (P i d L d , p J D l g d i urt co ,

P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

H C APTER IV .

— — French chur ch es in LON DON Their history R ise and — — — fall Threadneedle Str eet Church Its minist ers The — — Savoy and its servic es Historical memories Minis — — — ters Somerset Hou se Chapel Durham Hou se The — — increase of chu rches in 1 685 Spitalﬁelds Soho — “ The smaller churches Dissension between the C on — formist and other communities Royal Bount y Fund — and its history Distinguished refu gees in c hurch annals Allix Casau b on C olomiez Jortin oma ne— am n m R i F ous a es in Ireland .

AM O N G the varied points of interest in refugee

t he history , have been churches established for

of worship in London and other parts England. The countenance given to the Protestant e xiles

in the reign of Edward VI . and the appointment ” of John a Lasco as superintendent of their

congregations , are two important data, to which

reference has before been made . Not the least historical among the build ings “ ” ’ of old London was St . Anthony s Ho spital in their E n lish H me g o . 75 in Threadneedle 1 8 Street , which in the year 4 5 ’ w a s . annexed to St George s Church , Windsor .

In 1 0 t a nd 55 , leave was ob ained from the Dean C anons of Windsor that the chapel of this hos p ital be u sed for the French and Walloon ser

v ice , and that proportionate payment should be m ade by these two bodies for the defrayal of

r ent and other expenses .

Thus , a footing was obtained for the free

e xercise of worship , and this was strengthened

by the aid of Archbishop Cranmer , as appears by t he following letter in the Parker Society Pub ” “

lic a tions 1 0 . , dated 55 Some of the bishops ,

an d especially the Bishop of London (Ridley) ,

are opposed to our designs . Archbishop

s Cranmer, the e pecial patron of the foreigners , has been the Chief support and promoter of ’ t he our church to great astonishment of some . It must be remembered that the earliest who frequented this church in Threa dneedle Street

were Walloons , who ﬂed to England from the c r u el tyranny of the Duke of Alva in the Low

u Countries , but that it grad ally became the resort of both a French and Walloon congre

i n gat o .

e After the St . Bartholomew th great 76 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

tide of emigration rendered this t he c entral . place for worship and indeed it may rightly be

c H e o alled the cathedral of the ugu n t s .

of er d The Fire London laid this , like oth buil

ings , in ashes .

166 u e an d o ed In 9 this ch rch was r built pen ,

18 0 t o e when its demolition in 4 , in order mak

c d approaches for the Royal Exchange , ause

b u t 18 the erection of the present church , a o 43, ’ - - in . i le era st St Mart n s Grand , near the Gen l Po

ffi Thr a dn edle . e e e e O ce Thus , the Street dific H has had an important line of history . ere the refugees on their first arrival were wo nt to e t o present themselves . and gain prot c i n or redress as the case might be . Synod s and

o e n meetings were als held , the ﬁrst b i g in 160 r 3 , when ministers from various F ench

e and Du tch churches attended . Subs quent

s 16 16 1 16 synod took place in 34, 4 , 44, and

1647. Conferences to settle points of religio n and

n doctrine met here . The Bishop of Londo was generally referred to for decision , and Grindal (afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury) ﬁgu res among those who took great interest in this ’ Grindal s r congregation . enforced exile ab oad, r l H in thei E ng ish ome. 77 w here he became acquainted with several lea rned m en , gave him fuller sympathy with and know le dge of those who ﬂed into England . This c hurch was at times in great need , but in later d ays has be come able to assist its poorer

b e . . A r thren MSS of documentary value , cts

o f the Consistory , and various other records a re here preserved ; there is also a good col lection of printed books on theology and history It is not surprising that men of note have b een ministers of this congregation from its

c ommencement in 1 550 . Several of them have

b n e een emi ent for learning , while oth rs were

a fterwards associated with the English church .

One of the earliest , Richard Vauville , called

also Richard Francois , has been alluded to in a

former chapter , and in the long succession of

pastors , many call for remark. The early history of this church has also been recorded in

the writings of English and foreign reformers . ’ 162 1 l An le was I n , one Jean Maximilien de g

minister , and the family became connected with

t he county of Kent . ’

His . son was rector of St George s , Canter

in 168 e bury , 3 , and afterwards of Chartham , n ar

1 2 . that city , where he died in 7 4 P r otestants fr om Fr a nce

ou lin ro n Pierre Du M , a name famous in P testa t

162 - 1 n u ous history , was minister from 4 3 his mer ” t and e works are no ed , Le Boucli r de la foy, “ ” s o f ose Du Combat chrestien , are ome th

r u e His which have earned for him g eat rep t . son was chaplain to Charles I I . and r ector of

168 . Adisham , in Kent , where he died 5 Louis

H e a erault , another of mark , was so z lous a

o n Royalist , that he had to ﬂy during the C mmo

he e n onr at wealth . On his return , rec ived a Ca y

168 2 in Canterbury , and was buried in that cathedral . The na me of Saurin is so known in r e fugee annals , that it recalls many works of piety

a . in 16 he and le rning Born at Nismes 77, naturally acquired from that strongh o ld of — Protestantism , earnest convictions his eccle sia stic al m e writings and sermons were nu rous, and after preaching in London for about ﬁve years he went to t he Hague to a congregation ’ connected with the Prince of Orange . Saurin s

- name has become a bye word in history , and

e all the brothers wer noted . Louis was c on nec ted with the Savoy he was afterwards Dean ’ Ardl h . a n of St Patrick s , g , and his gra dson became Bishop of Dromore. So great was in their E n lish H ome g . 79

’ S s e aurin eloquence that at Geneva , wher he s t udied, the cathedral had to be opened to the

He c rowd who ﬂocked to him . took Tillotson for h is s his model , and aid that when Abbadie h s eard him for the ﬁr t time he said , Is it a 1 m an or an angel who speaks ! Later ministers of the Threadnee dle Street c hu rc h have maintained its excellence for

s . cholarly fame and doctrine Of them , Charles “ ” B u theau who , had been at the Temple at

e u . Char nton, near Paris , was conspicuo s While noting only the most celebrated

e not pr achers , we must omit the names of

u D rand , Romilly , Martin , Mercier, Bonnet , and

others who , in this and the previous century , have maintained the succession of some sixty

1 three ministers since the foundation in 550 .

Before the Fire of London , there were only

wo t or three foreign churches , of which the

Savoy claims great and lasting interest . That

l e Roya palace , whose walls w re once washed by — the silent Thames that palace which has witnessed so many events in our kingdom maintained within its precincts a service for the

’ 1 e s s r testant efu e s W i P o R g e . 80 P r otestantsfr om Fr a nce

d Protestant faith . The Savoy has ga there

s t o round it such a train of incident , tha hist ry

The would dwell long on those memori e s . “ was e d e famous Savoy Conference h l her , “ ” and H wa s en in the Savoy ouse , as it th “ e or u called , Strype states there were thre fo r

u s se s ch rches and places for religiou as mblie , F H G viz . er ns , for the rench , Dutch , igh ma , ” and Lutherans . F . we re o d In Dr Thomas uller, Chaplain , c r “ one who is well - known for his Chu rch H istory “ ” F and his Worthies . aithful and qu a int in d his discourses , his name will ever be linke with this building ; and so humble wa s he

an of himself, that when asked to make “ H F ’ epitaph , he said , Let it be , ere lies uller s ’ earth .

t o From this digression, we come the commencement of the French service in the

1661 u r hospital of the Savoy , in , nde the

n auspices of Sheldon , Bishop of Londo , and others , whereby what was called the Chapel a w rd was demised for the purpose , with the consent of the King , for a certain period of years . In 1661j the ﬁrst sermon was preache d at

P testa nts r n r o f om Fr a ce.

wa s the patronage of the nobility , indeed it fashionable West End church .

earn n from Its ministers were of note and l i g,

D urel r in 1661 t o d Jean , the ﬁrst pasto , , Davi

1 60 a e s f Durand in 7 . Among succ sion o

w e s ed t enty , there are several whose nam add

. m n e a lustre to the roll James Abbadie , i ist r

1 0 0 a e the about 7 , was present at the b ttl of

n al e He Boy e , where Marsh Schomberg f ll .

an d n drew large numbers to the Savoy, eve

e e who e s e Madame de S vign , did not pous “ H u t ai not e the ug eno cause , s d , I do believ that any one ever spoke of religion like this ” man . His writings were powerful and num erou s ; ” e C hretienne t r his Traité de la verit , at acting most notice ; they were translated int o diffe

u in H rent lang ages , and are well known olland, i where he afterwards lived . H s attachm e nt to

r t s f in the Royal cause was g eat , and showed i el Ill . s n his defence of William , and in a e rmo

He on the death of Queen M ary . wa s made

l 1 2 . Dean of Ki laloe , and died in 7 7

du . . to The Rev J . A Bourdieu was chaplain s u al o three uccessive D kes of Schomberg, s D at s r . o the Savoy ; at his in tigation , Ll yd, in their E n lish H ome g . 83

B f o . ishop St Asaph , took up the cause of the p ersecuted Vaudois .

His sermons and treatises were many . On t he a a r b e occ sion of the M rlbo ough victories , l ikened Louis XIV . to a Pharaoh towards the

O ppressed Protestants . For this he was re

rimande d 1 1 p ; but on a representation , in 7 3 , b was efore the Bishop of London , the matter withdrawn .

u The Rev . Cla de de la Motte , who abandoned

u law for the Ch rch , became minister of the con

r e ation 168 2 g g at Rouen in , and then of the

. t Savoy An esteemed and voluminous wri er , he also interested himself in the liberation of

- the galley slaves .

a David Dur nd , a very eloquent preacher, was

o 16 n - es b rn in 99, and after ma y hair breadth capes for his life , ﬂed to England from his

D u hin native home in a p y . An industrious

n author , he was engaged on a continuatio of ’ “ ” Rapin s History of England ; was minister

1 60 of the Savoy , about 7 . Some of his family were pastors of the French church at Canter bury, and the name of Durand has long lingered around that cathedral city and neighbour hood . P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

r H e o in Old Some set ouse , lik the Sav y , is

t s for in the ves ed with many refugee memorie ,

w a s d chapel of that palace a French service hel ,

166 ce which Pepys , in 4, thus notices , Then

H er t he e to Somerset ouse , and th e into chap l, ’ d Es a n e e but where Monsieur p g used to pr ach ,

wa s t e n es now it is made very ﬁne , and tim ’ more crowded than the Queen s Chap e l at St. ’ ” James s . ’ d Es a ne of a k M . p g was the author wor “ s s s entitled , Reformation de quelque p a sage ” de s de la Bible , and he was styled , Mini tre ” Evan ile o n his St g , and is perhaps best kn w by ” a n t ed Essay on the wonders of God , tr sla

16 2 . from the French . 7 in 16 The chapel was voted by Parliament , 5 3 , for the use of the Protestants during pleasure,

16 H s and in 5 7we read , Ordered by his ighne s , n d the Lord Protector , that it be recomme ed to the trustees for the maintenance of ministers ’ d E n . s a e e to settle on M p g , preacher at y

H s French congregation at Somerset ou e, an

2 0 1 n augmentation of . per a num , for his better

n encouragement and mainte ance . We also learn that a service was held in the

H one the chapel of Durham ouse , of m ost

86 P r otestants fr om Fr a nce

S italﬁ eld s u s old re In p , the ref gee trongh , the

e ha were no l ss than nine , and among them , t t “ ” “ s of La Patente , so called from the letter ” the a in 168 patent granted to congreg tion 9, L was the most important . Around a P atente

s e of gathered , as it were , several mall r p laces

t e S re e o worship , as in Crispin Stree , P rle t t . als ’ ’ ’ L E lise l HO it al s L E lise g de p , afterward g

S italﬁ elds . c s Neuve , in p Some of these hapel had only a short term of existence ; the y after

o s a nd wards united with the larger congregati n , some joined the London Walloon chu rch in

Threa dn eedle Street .

ﬁ rm a Amid all these changes , those tr dition s of the past were never forgotten by the fu gitives “ in their strange land t he hymn that r e called the song of praise sung by their an c estors for fear of danger in some mountain fortre ss

re - r e of southern France , echoed in these c owd d

a e London churches . The book that w s r a d ou t

e a aloud while others were hard at their w ving, spoke of the mental courage and suffering b s of their forefathers , who y that imple power of faith had braved persecution , and had transmitted t he noble lesson of enduran ce to

. u t heir children At this time , the pop lous in their E n lish H ome 8 g . 7

Spitalﬁ elds district was more in the country than

- an to day ; indeed , the very name implies outlying

part of London .

h are Some features of t at period still left , in

Spital Square , the houses ( once the abodes of t he master silk manufacturers) have a sub st antial a nd - old world look ; over the door heads , a r e c arved canopies with brackets . Occasion

w s ally , one meets with the long glazed indow ’ in s e the upper storey , b speaking the weavers ” r halls , where the loom and the shuttle , with thei

s bu y click, told of the ceaseless occupation of x the industrious e iles . A street or two having a foreign name re mains to tell the story of the past . In Spital

Square once stood the pulpit cross , at which t he celebrated sermons (now preached at Christ

e Church , Newgate) , were delivered . The Blu ’ s coat boy , in Elizabeth s reign , attended the s ermons .

i s In v ew and maps of old London , we may discover the Fields as an open and partly w ff ooded spot , rather di erent from the crowded streets of to - day

n Soho , the aristocratic Lo don of the e r ighteenth centu y , was another resort of foreign 88 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

h s e n c s. Protestant , and henc had ma y urche “ ” s e e Among the mo t famous was Le T mpl ,

r k h u r ee once in Be wic , and t en in Wardo Str t,

1 h s c established in 689. Around t i ould be

G H e d n traced out lass ouse Street chap l , Gol e M t Square , La Charenton , in Newport arke ,

e s Leicester Fields Chapel, and many oth r . There were also churches in or n ea r West

s H n e d minster, Piccadilly , Charing Cro s , u g rfor

a o ed Market . All have long g disappear ; their ’ sites can be occasionally traced by engra vings

. few t or old plans A retain their iden ity , but

as have been transferred to other denominations , ’

. w that of the Chapel Royal , St James s , hich ,

e t he riar a formerly call d F y chapel , Pall M ll , had

a a French service , is now used for a Germ n con

r i n e at o . g g It may here be noticed , that Soho Square was begun in the reign of Charle s I I

16 0 e r and that in 9 , Ev lyn records in his Dia y, I went to London with my family to winter at ”

. n Soho , in the great square Several emine t

s u men lived here , among them Bi hop B rnet,

e whos interest in the refugees was undisputed .

’ An instance of this oc curs in H ogarth s famou s pictu re of ” ” Noon in the old ha e of Les recs surv n , which c p l G ( ivi g

in the resent St . ar ro n Street So o is e c t e p M y, C w , h ) d pi d .

90 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

F e s n of a rench chapel , according to the conf sio

or mer l in use faith , the liturgy , and discipline f y in Fr a nce e d s era , which service was continu ev l ’ ” years after Queen Anne s accession . Much correspondence passed betw e en the Archbishops and the ministers of the various London churches as to the recipient s for the Royal Bounty Fund ; perhaps that o f Arch

M a n die bishops Herring and Secker with Mr . je most aptly illustrates the point in qu estion.

Ma endie h Mr . j was minister of the Savoy Churc

1 m a nd in 747, and we read of a memorial fro it

c s its dependent chapels , presented to Ar hbi hop H erring for the purpose of aid .

Ma n i It is also recorded that Mr . je d e wrote to Archbishop S eeker on a difﬁcult que stion as regards the appropriation of pensions t o c on

and forming or nonconforming congregations , whether the latter were entitled to pensions ! The matter for some years caused much diver sit e a y of opinion , and petitions from the s ver l

r — the chu ches conformist , and of old faith

ers were sent in , signed by the ministers and eld of the said congregations . The history of the Royal Bounty Fu nd is

ma also a leading episode of the time , and y in the r E lis H ome. 1 i ng h 9 .

h here be brieﬂy sketc ed . The royal annuity seems to have originated in the reign of

Charles I I . , and some of the proceeds were divided equally among the preaching ministers of h . w o the Savoy . It was , however, William I I I l 1 0 0 0 . got Parliament to grant 5 , annually for re 2 2 nd lief ; and he spoke , on the of November , 16 f 95 , to the e fect that , Compassion obliges me to mention the miserable circumstances of the ” French Protestants who suffer for their religion . When the elections came on at Westminster ’ for the King s cause, the refugees there worked

so re incessantly for their Royal patron , and

nulliﬁ e s turned their gratitude . This fact the H objections often made, that the uguenots were disloyal to Church and State : it was the treat ment and attitude of certain prelates that forced upon them a change of action . A clerical and lay committee was appointed

o t adjudicate on the relief fund , and the lists of applicants were carefully supervised by those in

a . uthority Though , as far as possible , justice wa s done in the distribution , yet many accu

n s a t ion s were rife of alleged i equality of aid . T hese grievances found their way into the press , a nd formed the motive for several pamphlets of 92 P r otesta nts fr ont Fr ance

u v des the day , especially one styled Pre es malversations et des injustices d u C o mmité ’ Francois dans l a dministrat ion des c ha r it e z pub i ” l u es . ﬁ nd n her q As a rejoinder to this , we a ot

’ v lé called , Relation dans laquelle on fait oir tablissement des bureaux et des distrib u teurs

1 0 . r r of (without name) , 7 5 The w ongs and ights the mode of relief are impossible to discu s s here ; su ﬂic e the to say , that they appeared in litera

t r a s ture of the ime , and are impo tant data giving names and other valuable notes for the hi s torical

r e student . As time progressed , and the fugees

wa s so became prosperous , the need for aid not

h and urgent , the Bounty Fund was diminis ed , before the death of George I . it was redu ced to l 8 0 0 . . o about 5 annually There were , h wever,

s s the cases which demanded a sistance , and thu fund was drawn upon in excess . The French Protestants of Exeter sent a petition through their Bishop (Lavington) to Archbishop

1 60 hem Secker in 7 , that the small sum granted t s t a may be increased , that they may uppor

o minister properly . The signatures attached t this document are , locally , very interesting. Other petitions from some of the London churches were of frequent occurrence one

94 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a n cc

M n bishop Se eker and Mr . aje die is se en in the long correspondence on the subject of r elief to the various Protestant causes at hom e a nd abroad . Of some twenty French churches in Lon

1 0 in don , about 73 , not more than half were

r so existence towards the close of the centu y , that their later accounts are necessarily limited and meagre . From the intercourse of the English and

r s ha foreign communities , it is not su pri ing t t many not ed names are enrolled on the page of history— names that have intertwined them

own h a selves round our annals , and ave shed

ff s lustre through the su erings of their ancestor , a lustre deepened by that Faith which aro se from an earnest conviction of truth in Scripture . From several of the refugees can be traced divines , authors , and writers who exercised a

Mr. wide inﬂuence on the spirit of the age .

D i r . H s e R . S Poole , in his uguenots of the p ” o r sion , says , It is the laborious vig u of the Huguenot personality which colours most ” s trongly the literature of the refugees . Among some of the more distinguished may h be selected Peter Allix , once minister at C aren n their E n lish H o i g me. 95

t o n , an appointment which generally followed

o n . literary merit Charenton , as before stated , w a s the great Protestant temple of France , and

o n 168 its destruction , in 5 , a Benedictine monas t e ry was built on the site . On coming to

E Re ngland , Allix produced a work called ” ﬂ ec tions on the Scriptures , dedicated to Ja mes ll and this seems to have been a st epping

s tone to his advancement . We ﬁnd him also

S ita lﬁ eld s c onnected with one of the p churches .

As a writer and scholar, he was the incessant

a r dversa y of Bossuet , and the advent of Wil

liam I I I . brought forth many pamphlets from

i He on r h s pen . was much engaged in c t over — s ial theology ou the Trinitarian doctrine ; his

He He brew scholarship was great . received a D D d . . egree of from both Universities , and

16 0 in 9 , through the kindness of Bishop Burnet , wa s made Treasurer and Canon of Salisbury

. His Cathedral son became Dean of Ely , and

the family have settled in the East of England . ’ Isaac C a sau bon s name recalls much that

ha s a claim to learning and piety, as well as

o c nnection with the English church . One of

the earlier refugees , he will be remembered as

e s caping to England after the fatal St . Bartbo 96 P r otesta nts fr om Fr ance

lom ew . s r n d d him ames I afterward bef ie e ,

him s H and made a Prebend of Westmin ter . is

s era t son Meric , invites even a longer con id ion , and the romantic episode that while hiding in a c e h avern from his pers cutors , he learnt from is

no less re father his ﬁrst Greek lessons , is k e E . h mar able than tru ntering at Christ Churc ,

ed Oxford , Meric Casaubon became distinguish

n s of for his lear ing , and ﬁnally ro e to a Prebend Canterbury Cathedral and Rector of I c kham in

. t st and Kent A monument in tha noble min er,

. r t e s o a bequest of MSS to the libra y her , a s ciate him in an especial degree with our own church and its annals .

D D . e Charles Marie Du Veil , . , was a refuge

16 He in England in 77. renounced Roman Catholicism and was ordained a minister of the “ Church of England . In his Comm enta ry on Matthew and Mark he made a retractation of all his Romish arguments .

his s On becoming an Anabaptist, all friend

s n h forsook him , except Archbishop Tillot o t is m m occurred , though he had received high enco iu s

. B n from Bishop Lloyd (St Asaph) , Bishop ur et

e e (Salisbury) , and Simon Patrick, Dean of P t r

a El . borough , fterwards Bishop of y

98 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

ortin o n J , dining at the Festival of the S s o f the

not o t Clergy , could ﬁnd his hat to g o the

. e n primate , who had sent for him Th and

d t he there , the octor was presented with living ’

. D u nstan s r of St , and he retu ned , saying, “ ” t ot a I have los my hat , but I have g living .

ortin r It appears Dr . J was afte wards Vicar of l Eastwell in Kent , and the neighbouring iving now H H. of Westwell is held by the Rev . . ’ d Ombrain e m , whose ancestors escap d fro h France in an open boat , in the sixteent

century .

. n The Rev . W Romaine , a popular Londo

t was clergyman in the middle of the las century ,

an M . A . of Oxford , and had for his contem Hi orar . s k p y the famous Whitﬁeld Life, wal , ” and triumphs of Faith is his best known book ; his preaching was eloquent and vigorous ; of

H s the uguenot origin , and al o connected with

and English church , his name is well known

honoured .

a e Irel nd claims some eminent refuge s , either

n in the church , literature , or scie ce , and although

my subject bears on their life in England , there are close connections with the Sister

c ountry . in their E n lish H onze g .

Many circumstances led to the arrival there

o f the followers of William I I I . ; the industries

o f Cork , Limerick, and Waterford held out

g reat resources .

e e e In Ulst r, oth rs were attracted by a v ry

n a . atural circumst nce , viz , the settlement of

t he Scotch Covenanters , a common cause in r eligion and suffering would make common

f In riends . Ireland , as in England , foreign P rotestantism was strengthened by the aid of t he English Church ; at Waterford and Port

a e n rlington , larg congregatio s were formed .

16 In 74 , the Parliament in Dublin passed

‘ a n a c t for letters of naturalization , and the

the Duke of Ormond , Viceroy of Ireland in t reign of Charles I I . , coun enanced the move

ment . Fleury is a family much associated with

Ireland ; from Louis Fleury , pastor of Tours , h who 168 t e . ﬂed in 3 , was descended Rev

F who G . L . leury , became Archdeacon of

Waterford .

s Another, known in literature , and famou for

wa s Bost a u et heroism in danger , De q , who ,

e ha d possessed of large estat s in N ormandy , to

ﬂ a nd r s y for his life , afte wards , by great peril , H 2 1 8 64918 10 0 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

H a u m t he reached olland , the Protestant syl of

s c e north , where he was engaged in the ervi of w o m a n William of Orange , hom he acc p ied

Bost a u e t to England and Ireland . De q was connected with the French c hur c h a t Po rtar

lin t on e m g , and the records of his life w re ade use of by Lord Macaulay in his “ H istory of

England . These papers became the property of Dean

c an Vignoles , of Ossory , of whose family we

o h s here speak . Coming from Langued c , t i name has been illustrious ; several m embers

e u ntered the army , and some the ch rch , of

Rev . whom I may instance the John Vignoles , minister a t Portarlington ( 1 793 his son

s an ucceeded him , and eventuall y rose to be De

o f Ossory . Another name in Irish annals was Pierre

D relinc ou rt C . , son of the excellent pastor,

D relinc ourt ff , author of more than forty di erent

e publications . This son Pierre, at ﬁrst a refuge

n minister in England , afterwards became Dea

of Armagh .

or In the realm of hist y , Rapin is a household

w few him ord , and yet perhaps connect with t he soldier - writer who ﬁgured so bravely in

10 2 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce tholomew a n d en , ﬁrst in Northumberland , th

. s in Ireland One , Power Trench , was the la t

18 . The Archbishop of Tuam , and died in 3 9 mem bers of both familie s have. been dis tin uished c hu rc h g in the , state , and science . While these short notices have been restricted

we to those famous in the church , cannot ignore

an d s others who , in the army , navy, art , letter have achieved distinction .

t m e To all who desire fuller informa ion , the a pl W biographies in the pages of Smiles , eiss , or

Agnew should be consulted . Many a worker in the humbler crafts has laboured for the better

a s o t skill and pr ctice of them in England , hat the tribute given to the inﬂuence of the refugees 6 by an eminent American writer is not withou t “ : a n d weight The virtues , accomplishments , the arts which France lost by t he banishment

v of its most conser ative element , brought the blessings which France rejected, to the ” nations who received her exiles .

“ The H on . o n a ad ress u uenot Soc et J h J y, d , H g i y of ” Amer a 1 8 8 . ic , 3 in their ' E n lish H om ° g e . 10

H C APTER V .

S u ur an con re at ons— ro n a c ur hes— R e o er b b g g i 7P vi ci l h c y , D v , San a stone aversham Sout am ton the dwich, M id , F , h p , — — Channel Isles Religious differences The West of — — England East Anglia Canterbury and the Crypt — ’ — Church Archbishop Tait s encouragement of Present — condition Historical and refugee names round Canter ur — It s an ent as t an m emor es b y ci pec d i . O F the suburban churches devoted to refugee w o rship , the most interesting , historically speak in — g, was Greenwich , for there , the little circle o f distinguished exiles had been formed by the a ged Marquis de Ruvigny . Related to the

C ountess of Southampton , and uncle to Lady R ussell , the Marquis gathered around him a

- two fold interest in many ways . The congrega

n tio seems to have met in the parish church , a s 168 noticed by John Evelyn , who in 7 “ says , At the conclusion of the Church s r s ervice , the e was a French ermon preached after the use of the English liturgy , translated

n 10 0 i to French , to a congregation of about P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

was refugees , of whom the Marquis Ruvigny

the u s e of the the chief , and had obtained ” church after the parish service was ended .

M in This settlement , founded by the arquis

1686 a ou 1 18 , appears to have dispersed b t 7 ;

s but inscriptions in the churchyard , and variou e the the s r a ntries in registers , fully attest u viv l of many foreign families .

Sir hn In the former, occur the names of Jo

Lethie ullier 1 18 n a , who died 7 , also Joh Sav ry,

1 W is 795 , and Anthony illiam Boehm , who ” called a refugee . The register of the present

a parish church (St . Alphage) contains marri ges

168 of Frenchmen soon after the year 5 , and it seems that a chapel existed for their worship , but was taken down when the Greenwich railway was made . ’ It is difficult to re concile Evelyn s statement a s to service in the (parish !) church with that of n a separate building , which must have bee used or erected after the period mentioned by him .

h a At Wandswort , a congregation was est b lished so early as 1 5 73 the chapel was enlarged

168 and 180 . in 5 , repaired in 9

The ﬁrst arrivals here were Flemish , about

1 2 S 5 7 ; or , as described by Aubrey , the urrey

10 7

d a au s an c e r in Fr ce ril wa e d t o Ry , ho ﬂ e th s w sf o e in the f und n b e o her c a ; e , among u seu m B ritish M he OPW f the lay P and o sist er s ;

1 lomew ( 5 t wn , d this o éntere 86 the In 1 5 . 5 W re 1 534 e r inist e m e ' th I d that ' c ation

rs e s t r an ge P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

H s n At ammersmith , where another ettleme t

n a c h existed , there appears to have bee hurc ,

r e In and foreign names occu in the regist r .

R h wa 1 0 . ec ou s 7 3 , one Mr Bernard minister ; among those to whom the Royal bounty was

e u M a zars ext nded , occurs the name of Monsie r ,

1 0 6. the pastor , in 7 The enthusiast must not limit his searches to districts onc e exclusively foreign ; he may

ﬁnd all round the suburban parishes , traces of

an d v the refugee life memorials , as e idenced in

C ava llier m d fact of Jean , the great Ca isar

a b r d leader , having died at Chelse , and been u ie ’ in the old (St . Luke s) churchyard there .

In the provinces , we ﬁnd large settlements , chieﬂy on the south - east and western pa rts of

England . At Rye , an early congregation was formed , at the ﬁrst of many Flemish who came t to his , and the adjoining Kentish coast .

As the nearest port to France , Rye attracted several fugitives it was also a favourableplace for the d espatch of troops when England assisted the French Protestants in their wars .

Like other towns receiving refugees , it had

e viz an inﬂux at three succ ssive periods , . , in 6 1 68 1 2 1 8 . 5 , 5 7 , and 5 sh H m in their E ngli o e.

I n 1568 - 69 the Civ il war in France caused a m an d igration , lists of those who ﬂed to Rye , ‘ a n d were resident there , can be found in the i C ottonian MSS . in the Brit sh Museum among the m were some ministers ; and of the lay popu l a tion many came from Rouen and Dieppe .

1 2 After St . Bartholomew ( 5 7 ) we read that 6 e 47 persons had ntered this town , and in

1 8 1 1 86 5 3 the numbers were 534. In 5 the S tate papers record that the ministers of the French church are in communication with Sir Francis Walsingham ; they desire letters to the

m e . agistrate , where they shall take up their abod The increase of strangers led to a proposal for an d a the removal of several from Rye , fter t he 1 0 t he year 59 , numbers lessened consider a bly . In 158 7conferences of the French churches w t ere held here, but soon after that ime the m embers had so much decreased that Monsieur M orel , the minister , reported he must leave , ” a a for want of me ns ; a colloque , or ssembly , ha d t been held at Can erbury , on this and other m atters of church government . ’ In James I . s reign there wa s a small foreign

o p pulation , but as we approach the time of the

in their E n lish H once 1 g . 0 9

We learn that at their ﬁrst coming , the old c hapel of the Augustine Friars was supposed t o have been their place of worship , and that a fterwards they had the use of the parish

u c h rch . The names of the ﬁrst ministers are difficult t o identify a few come before us and serve to m ark a period of history .

1 2 M 1 8 In 5 7 , one onsieur Michell ; in 5 3 , Louis M orel , who came from Southampton ; afterwards t he Gébon name of , which ultimately became

G ibbon . The books of this congregation have b een lost , so that it is only by scattered d ocuments we c a n gain occasional informa

tion .

‘ The funds for maintenance were very poor ;

Bennoc h the appeals of Monsieur , the pastor,

a n d C am redon Monsieur p , at Dover, to Arch

Tenison 16 bishop , in 97, set forth the grievance of inadequate allowance to maintain the prOper

service . The sum which was to have been allowed

does not seem to have been regularly paid , as

D ffr . e a Mr y intercedes with the Archbishop . H e states their churche s are composed of very

poor families , and that unless some help is P r otesta n ts f r om Fr a nce

a c r to obt ined , the ministers will be dis ou aged h continue in their present situation . T e Lam

10 2 s beth M S . 9 gives these particular at greater

length . “ Refugees in Sussex might well form a

s and theme of note , for from early time , Rye

a n d c an Winchelsea welcomed their arrival , it not be doubted that the ﬁrst impe tus given

of the to their settling here , was the industries cloth and iron trade in the bordering t owns F of . a ed Kent oreign names , though in lter

ma guise , have long survived , and of these y

Telliers me be cited the Le , who have beco Dansa — h Taylors , and that of y connected wit I h . w o George , , when driven by stre s s of

1 2 D ans a weather in 7 5 into Rye , one y , cap

tain of a trading vessel , had the honour of

bringing the King on shore . This quaint old

o town , though bereft of its once foreign c lony, retains a primitive appearance . The narrow streets , with overhanging houses , the massive Y pres Tower serving as a kind of gua rd and and w outpost , the sluggish river, the inding harbour, all point to a tale of the past , when this place was alive with the commer ce a nd inﬂuence of several nations . in their E n lish H ome g .

w “ To quote a modern riter, We breathe the very air of the past in these antique

s treets , up and down , hither and thither,

r oughly paved , with many a gabled house here

a n d a there , and strange ruins , and g tes , and ” t owers . M h m r . C a ne s Basil p y , in his Corner of ” “ E it s ngland , speaks of Rye as having in g eneral aspect at least the strangeness of a f oreign town , and its individual remains are

r n C e tainly not less interesti g . There are many

o ld streets to explore , houses having frowning

s tory over story, which promise a wealth of the ” p i c turesque .

At Dover are distinct traces of immigration ,

a th t port being naturally , one of frequent and important service .

162 1 An early arrival was in , when , on account o f the troubles , French Protestants daily land ” a t Dover ; some ministers desiring the use of t he d parish church on certain ays , request Lord Zou eh to apply to Archbishop Abbot on their

behalf . The Primate wished to have a return of the number of the communicants and non

of c o mmunicants foreign birth . It is probable t hat the strangers were allowed the use of the

in their E n lish H ome g .

S poke of them as proﬁtable and gentle strangers which ought to be welcome and not ” grudged at . Many trades were carried on , and some names remain , even to this day , which proclaim a long inherited and foreign ’ lineage . St . Clement s was one of the churches

a allowed for use , on payment of a sm ll annual m ’ s u or a portion of the repairs . During Laud s

16 primacy , 34, occurred the appeal of the m inisters of the Dutch churches at Sandwich and Maidstone against the imperative demands of the Archbishop towards a conformity to the

English liturgy and church government . Many , rather than lose their independency of worship , left the place ; the matter, however, was inter r u t ed p by the Civil war , but survives in literature

Bu lt eel in a pamphlet by John , minister of the “ Walloon church at Canterbury , entitled The troubles of the three foreign Churches in ” Kent . H At ythe , another Cinque port, can be traced some foreign families who once repre s ented that place in Parliament ; those of the D e sbouveries and Hu gu essens being of local importance . Of Faversham and Maidstone there is but

I P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

Slight record of refugee settlements t ho ugh at

s n the former town some foreign name remai , that of Giraud having long held hon o urable repute . There is but slight eviden c e of a

t en d the church here , although owards the of seventeenth century we read of French m inisters

fﬁ . and who o ciated At Maidstone , the Dut ch Flemings settled in 1 5 73 under the pro tection

t o ain of Queen Elizabeth , and were allowed ret

r d their own service , the corporation having g ante ’ - them St . Faith s Chapel and burial ground . The same stringent measures were adopt e d here

the as at Sandwich by Archbishop Laud , and result of his policy wa s the dispersion o f the

foreign residents . Freedom of worship was resumed under the Commonwealth ; we can ﬁnd little or no trace

and of French families at Maidstone , the large

at numbers of Dutch may , in a measure be

t a - tribu ed to the dem nd for cloth weaving , spin

n & c . ing , , the workers in which formed a guild

for the protection of their interests in this town .

The history of the Southampton congregation,

at ﬁrst for the Walloons , and afterwards for

t he joint service with French , is much inter

of woven with the policy the English church , in their E n lish H me g o .

c H m and espe ially with Bishop o e , of Win

e chester . That Prelate used his inﬂuenc with Cecil (Lord Burleigh) for the Walloons in “ ” 1 6 5 7, by gaining them the Domus Dei at

Southampton , and also permission to exercise

their trades . The visitor may now see near the partly- standing walls of this ancient town “ ’ H ” the church formerly called God s ouse , or

the chapel of St . Julian . Founded in the reign

of Edward I I I . it was used by the Walloons in

the time of Edward VI . , and in a measure has

a remained intact , though greatly ltered by

modern repairs . The registers are said to be the best pre

of served such documents . The members adopted the conformist rite as at Norwich and Ca nterbury ; several dissensions a rose on this point on the arrival of the Huguenots after the

s St . Bartholomew . The hi tory of the South ampton church naturally leads to that in t he

Channel Islands, with which it was ecclesias

tically connected . The foreign colonies in these Isles might well

o n f rm a chapter by itself , and they have bee

much intermixed with our own history . The late Victor Hugo graphically describes their posi I 2

in their E n lish H me 1 1 g o . 7 decreed to send a delegate to the Bishop of w Winchester, and long after ards that See (formerly attached t o Cout ances) has played a leading part in the refugee history of the islands . Several illustrious names have a p

e are d p as governors of Jersey or Guernsey . Of the former was Sir Walter Raleigh in 160 0 ; the right of nomination to livings was vested in the governor .

During the sway of Sir John Peyton , we hear of discussions as to the obligations to conform w to Episcopal jurisdiction , hich was much ex

rted e in J ersey and Guernsey . The nomination by the above - named governor of one who had received ordination at Oxford , to be a minister of the French Church , created indignation . “ ” The colloquy resented this movement , but eventually yielded to what might be called a breaking away from the traditions of the H uguenot faith . The I slands , in a great “ ” measure , adopted the conforming system , which was supported by the English church .

James I . continued the like privileges to the refugees , as Elizabeth had done ; but owing to some Opposition to the orders that Queen had

oﬂic e made , Archbishop Abbot reserved the and P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

an d orderf authority of the Dean of Jersey , that the Book of Common Prayer s hould l

t he r reprinted in French , and used in isla

S d I churches , but that the ministers houl not

bound to it in every particular . In 1610 we hear of the enactm ent

wo: Canons Ecclésiastiques , and that the of reconstituting them was placed in t!

M o n t a n hands of Archbishop Abbot , Bishop g

l e . ( London) , and Bishop Wil iams (Winch ster) The result of the change wa s a great modi

of th o ar cation system among e congregati ns , ! conformity , acknowledging the King as t e head , becam general .

in oth The Commonwealth in this , as

districts , produced a freer opinion on religio

matters , and during its sway , the Chanr Islands returned to their earlier and s im pl

. k forms of worship This , however , was quic

1 660 a r extinguished on the Restoration in ,

c or the Act of Uniformity soon afterwards , plet ely reduced the churches to their fo rm

episcopal government . This Act was not wit

r out its consequences , several foreign ministe

d t hy rather than a opt Anglicanism , gave up

a a e livings , and thus gre t v rianc was created . in their E n lish H me g o .

Guernsey retained a more Calvinistic feeling

v than the other islands , ha ing imbibed much of

the Genevese doctrine , but this was quickly abandoned on the return of the monarchy .

In 16 73 , Jean de Saumarez was Dean of

le J ersey , and it is recorded that during his ru , strict adherence to the conforming system was

absolute , indeed it is impossible to conceal that

the inﬂuence of James I I . , in a great degree

promote d these measures .

1 0 0 About 7 , Bishop Trelawney of Winchester , gave attention to the I sles and their govern “ ment ; the Canons Ecclésiastiques again

enforced , caused much discord , especially from

one of the ministers , Monsieur Picot , of Torteval

in Guernsey . Correspondence passed between him and Bishops Mews and Trelawney which revealed the new position of the foreign ministers in their relation to the English

church . The authority of the Dean a s affecting w refugee orship was , at times , unduly exercised , and hence the appeal of their churches to the

e Primat or Bishops , and among those who Tenison supported their cause were Drs .

t H . (Can erbury) , and oadly (Winchester)

sh H ome in their E ngli .

The a d Episcopal jurisdiction which they ret ine , b rought them in contact with some noted men .

e vi In the carrying on th ir ser ce , the aid of

Bishop Trelawney of Bristol , and of the mayor and magistrates of that city , is much to be

noticed . Trelawney will be remembered as one of the seven bishops sent to the Tower ; the loyalty of t he Cornish miners in coming to the rescue of their countryman is perpetuated in the famous ballad

And shall Trelawney die Twenty thousand Cornish men Will see the reason why The congregations were at ﬁrst full to over

1 0 a ﬂowing ; about 79 great decline was visible ,

18 1 and in 4 ceased altogether .

At Plymouth and Stonehouse , the foreign immigration took place at the end of the 18t h

century , and the services for both towns appear

to have been held in the same building. Oc e a sionally the registers of the parish c hu rc h of d ’ St . An rew s , Plymouth , contain a record of refugee births and baptisms from about 1689 to

1 74 1 .

The good folk of Barnstaple , said Jacques P r otesta nts fr om Fr a n ce

a n sh Fontaine , who had escaped there in Engli Ship ( 1685) Showed themselves ful l o f c om

in e u s passion our regard , they mad w elcome in their homes and entreated us with affe c tionate ’ c a re f f m At Exeter, the community was or ed soon

168 c after 5 , and one of the parish chur hes was granted for service . The names of Bishop M di . a en e c h Lavington , Mr j , and Ar bishop S eek er occur most frequently in connec t ion with

w m d in this church , to hich reference is a e

of Chapter IV . Most these West of England towns can be associated with William of

Orange , whose landing , with his followers at

o a Torbay , would naturally aid the Pr test nt B . ost a u e t cause De q , one of his generals , attended service while at Exeter in the Cathedral, and was much astonished at the ritual of the “ time (James and said , All this is very much opposed to the Simplicity of our reformed ” 2 religion . The ta pestry manufacture at Exeter employed

artiza ns who hf the many , formed part con

ion gregat there .

r né ts d umont de Bosta u Mémoi es i di e D q et . in their E nglish H on 1 2 3

e In Eastern England , a larg and important

‘ colony was founded , of which Norwich was the most famous The Dutch and Flemish had been the ﬁrst to establish a manufacture of worsted stuffs ; indeed , so early as the reign of Edward I I .

Norwich was very famous for that industry .

1 6 a low it In 5 4 the tr de was at a very ebb , and was resolved to invite the strangers of the Low Countries who had been driven away by Alva’s d persecution . Thus was provi ed , a good source

the of employment , so that towards end of the 16th century there were over 3 0 0 0 strangers in the place .

t o Queen Elizabeth , though willing give them

t o all protection , provided they conformed the

a nd ecclesiastical civil government of the city , commanded that the mayor and his ofﬁ cials should institute an inquiry as to their number ,

e v & c . th ir attendance at any ser ice , The early history of t he Norwich congregation is much connected with what is call e d the

Discipline of the Walloon Church , which forms one of the leading features of the Re 6 formed faith in the 1 th century . d I t may here be state , that the foreign

m in their E nglish H o e.

We follow almost the same events here as at Canterbury , the divisions between the Con for mist - and non Conformist sections , the media h tion of some of the Bis ops , and their course of action . In most of these changes , the Mayor and corporation took their part in advice or

- c o Ope ration .

During the continuance of the congregation , it became possessed of property near Norwich

a but on the dissolution of the church , bout

18 2 0 , a scheme was provided for dispensing

a the funds to charit ble purposes , in which the French Protestant Hospital in London was

entrusted . The ministers of t his church have been more or less noted by their works or their

t o circumstances merit mention , and among

S some twenty, ince the foundation , may be

Ba sna e selected Monsieur g , Peter de Laune ,

J ean Bruckner, and others .

To this day , refugee families exist in or near

N r o wich , showing what an important settlement it must have been , as still seen in the well

known names of Martineau , Desormeau , Colum

b i &c . ne , Mottram ,

A o wa s e n ther spot Thorney Abb y , in Cam P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nee brid e shire wa s med g , where a congregation for

16 2 l - ﬁ e v a r s . in 5 , which asted seventy ye It is no less interest ing than rem a r kable to

t h s ed state , that the once vast lands of i not monastery became the abode of sev e ral P ro t e sta nt s H we e from North olland , who r after

r n wards increased by those from F a c e . The possession of this property by the Russell

o f family claims remark , as it is a matter history that one of t he Dukes of Bedford t o ok up ea rn e stly t he cause of the exiles in the eightee nth century . In the churchyard at Thorney are several in sc ript ions a transcript of foreign names in t he ” registers in a work on Thorney Abbey , by

H . 18 the Rev . R . Warner ( 79) has added to the further knowledge of this settlement . h At Whittlesea , near Peterborough , t ere is

bu t said to have been a congregation , the authority is doubtful . At Stamford , the great Lord Burleigh took interest in the refugees s ettled there . That the work of draining and converting the ﬂat lands of Eastern England to productive use would be carried out partly by the Dutch is n ot d a surprise, as we ﬁnd that they applie t o 12 7

Lincolnshire the skill which had been expended on Holland . At Sandtoft Chapel a colony of

Dutch and French was gathered , and though their ser vices were at ﬁrst interrupted by

n 168 1 dissensio s among the landowners in , a church was formed and a minister a p pointed .

This did not last long. I n the neighbour hood are still to be found families descended

168 from those who ﬂed from France in 5 .

- le - The congregation at Thorpe Soken , in

168 Essex , founded in 3 , is connected with

Bishop Compton , of London , who approved of a transfer of the French service from the parish church , and ultimately of the erection of a chapel for their own use , which was opened in

1688 .

t Jean Severin was the ﬁrs minister , but soon

e w 1 0 left this plac for Green ich , and about 74 the congregation was dispersed . AS illustrating the relations of the Church of

England and the refugees , we may mention that t this community , having been hought wanting

in . loyalty to James I I , a declaration to the opposite effect was sent t o the Bishop of m m London and the agistrates ; this docu ent ,

in th ir E n li sh H me 1 2 e g o . 9

its recognition from the hands of Edward VI .

and Queen Elizabeth , and the only one now ﬁ tl remaining in the county of Kent, may y close

this chapter . The ﬁrst congregation was formed by the

W - alloons , or French speaking Flemings , in 1 55 0 ; it was then increased by the arrival of t the Huguenots after St . Bar holomew

u In time , the whole of the crypt was given p

t e to h foreigners , their schools and meetings . Archbishop Cranmer and Parker showed much

r interest in the cause , and encou aged their ser

1 vi c es . In 5 73 the religious freedom of the strangers was further approved by Royal Letters w Patent , and Queen Elizabeth al ays supported 1 their efforts . In 5 74 the civil magistrates w conﬁrmed these privileges , and with the gro ing

r indust ies of the city , the refugees prospered in

every way . In the visits to Canterbury of some

of the Primates , this crypt church generally

16 0 received their attention . In 4 , writes Somner, “ the Kentish historian , The congregation , for

he t most part of distressed exiles , has grown so great and yet daily multiplying , that the place in short time is likely to prove a hive too little ” to contain such a swarm . P r otesta n ts fr om Fr ance

Some dark clouds now overshadowed o u r his

s r tory , for Archbishop Laud , with this , as imila

n foreign congregations in his diocese , e forced

rc n the English liturgy and chu h gover ment . The ministers of the crypt and other Prote stant

e the t churches appeal d to the Primate , but ma ter

v was interrupted by the outbreak of the Ci il War .

s e Apart from that , internal dissensions aro , and in sketching the history of this community , it is impossible not to draw both its light and shade in order to a more perfect picture . Secession on doctrinal grounds occasio n e d a

t he severance of their place of worship , new section adhering to the Conformist or Anglican ” ’ rite , and meeting in a part of the Archbishop s

Palace near the cathedral . This disturbed state of affairs was referred to the principal church in

few London , and after a years the congregations reunited in the crypt .

1662 . c In Charles I I , by an Order in Coun il , enjoined unity of worship both with the Wal n loons and the Fre ch , and for some ﬁfty years the services were well maintained an d har

moniou s . In 1677we read that there were 2 80 0 Wal

F a nd t loons and rench in the city , tha their in their E n lish H ome g .

church was full to overﬂowing . The Revoca

tion of the Edict of Nantes was at hand , and

e that vent alone increased the foreign settlers , and for nearly a hundred years after 1685 a

bright page of history opens on us . That p eriod is much identiﬁed with the names of

Tenison H Archbishops , Wake , erring , and

S eeker all , of whom took great interest not o nly in the ecclesiastical , but in the temporal w elfare of the refugees . In the differences w hich arose , and which were referred to the C onsistory in London , and at times to the

u h ltimatum of the Archbis op , these Primates x e ercised a wise and liberal judgment . An instance of this variance relates to the W alloons , who at times were made to contribute m ore than their just share in the maintenance

o f n these services , receivi g no part in the

R oyal Bounty fund of William and Mary . In

t u heir appeal for redress , the ﬁrm and genero s

Tenison t s upport of Archbishop was given hem . It would be impossible not to mention that Socinianism was a great element of discord

a t mong the refugees , and hat a separate con gr ega t ion adopting these ten ets was founde d “ a nd e call d the French Uniform church .

K 2

n the E n li sh H o i ir g me .

fﬁ t t . . . o cia ed here ill the Rev J A Martin , D 3 B . e . , the present abl pastor , was then

appointed . An appeal for the repair and improvement of this church has not been without result ; the ” c ompletion is still urged . This congregation , “ i . . . s writes the Rev J A Martin , one of the monuments of that glorious but Short reign of

Edward VI . , which was stamped with so many ” ed noble Christian de s . In 18 75 the late Archbishop Tait warmly

a H dvocated its claims in the ouse of Lords . While he granted that the number of persons

a wa s ttending the service now very small , yet it was an institution which kept up a connection b etween the French Protestant Church and t he

s Church of England , and therefore it appear very undesirable that the services should be ” u nnecessarily interfered with .

r 0 0 s i Thus , afte more than 3 year of ex stence , t his little community has survived the change s of t time , the ages of persecu ion , and the con

ﬂic t of opinion , allied as it is to that noble

c l its athedral , all the more nob e because of

r st an ﬁ rmness of the u u enots. B the Rev Ch i i H g y .

A art n R D . 188 1 . J . . M i , P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

v the an d new massi e light and shade , old the blending into one harmonious whole . It is impossible not t o include som e of the ‘ refugees who became famous in the r ole of the

h t he r cat edral , or were associated with c ypt

n or other of the Canterbury churches . Amo g

C a s b the most prominent were I saac au on, ’ l An le e du and . . Pierr Moulin , J M de g , whose lives have been alluded to in Chapter I V . ’ Du Moulin s name is already well kn own to students of Prot estant history elsewh e r e than i in England , and his connection w th the H uguenot temple at Charenton , near Paris , is a memorable fact . ’ The De l Angle family often app e ars in ’

. e Kentish annals , as rector of St G orge s,

t at m Can erbury , Walmer, and Chartha , and other places . We can only mention a few of the represem t ative refugees who were allied with the English D ’Om church in this district , such as Dampier,

Du rel H & c . brain , , Castillion , Carrier , erault , Among the crypt chur ch ministers m ay be named some who have gained more than ordi l . e K eux nary repute These were Philippe ,

e e F a Pi rr Trouillard , Jean Charpentier, r ncois in their E n lish H ome g .

M Durand from Alencon , and onsieur Janson .

M . Trouillard was unfortunately pastor during the time when Socinianism reigned . The father

t he of M . Charpentier was a martyr to cruelty of Louis XIV . , the son being at Canterbury ; while the name of Durand was honourably known

e in this and the London r fugee churches .

le Charles Cene , the eminent refugee, who put forth a new and noted version of the French

Bible , cannot pass unnoticed . Born at Caen in

16 1 0 47, he died in London in 7 3 , having once r h esided at Canterbury , w ere he is said to have

ﬂic iat ed o at the French Church there . Among the inscriptions on tablet or tomb

an stone , lingers many historical name from H France , and the districts of St . Alphage , oly M Cross , and St . ildred are especially rich in such valuable memoranda .

In e these parish s were the families of Baudry ,

C a u fou r Dela m ot te La ssa u x Cordeaux , De , , De ,

Fedarb , Gambier, Le Grand , Lepine Miette ,

Vellier Pasquet , Ridout , Rondeau, , and others .

This category would alone endorse, if not for other reasons , the language of Canon Jenkins , ” his H who , in Diocesan istory of Canterbury, “ e r marks, The cathedral city has been for

in their E nglish

H E C APT R VI .

” Anti u t after t me h th f n t a as e ra e o o e . q i y, i , g c v l y

H AZLJTT .

— R efugee documents and archives Registers of their churches — Somerset ouse ecor fﬁ e and ot er rar es H , R d O c , h lib i — — The State Papers Private and provincial collec tions — — — Inscriptions Archives in Ireland Printed books — — — Correspondence Ofﬁc ial and private The Savile ” — Letters and Lord Halifax Pu blications of learned t — t f n s— h socie ies Ac s o the Sy od Stu dy of t e past .

AN important feature in the annals of any one c ommunity is the documentary aid we can o btain towards its history and progress .

This aid is to be found in the records , manu s cripts , and printed literature , which , as regards r r efugee life in England , are ve y fully set forth in our public and private collections . We may place ﬁrst the registers of the numerous French

' c hurches once in London . These records are P r otesta n ts fr om Fr a nce

v H h e s now preser ed at Somerset ouse , wit oth r of the provincial chapels .

e the ke Such documents give , as it wer , y

ff e a ca note to history , by a ording great g ne logi l

1 1 0 me data ; they range from 599 to about 79 , so

18 2 B few entries reaching to the year 3 . esides

m n ordinary contents , the registers often entio the names of the ministers of t he s everal “ s du C on churches , occasionally the Acte ”

Sist oire t . of the , wi h other matters Some registers of the smaller congregation s were

Threa dnee dle e kept , in early times , at the Stre t

r e e church , as the chief cent e , till all w r ﬁnally

H e o m en removed to Somerset ous , as ab ve

i n d t o e .

Apart from these (so to speak) eccl e sia stical a nd rchives , the constant intercourse of Engla with France led to several political despatches .

Many of these relate to our subject , and all may be found arranged and edited in the s eries “ ” of State Papers so ably published und er d O the auspices of the Public Recor ﬂic e .

to e From the reign of Elizabeth Charl s I I . , b these papers teem with interest , and ring out many an incident of refugee life with the sympathy S hown in England .

Another source are the M SS . in p r ivate n their E n lish H ome i g .

collect ions of Special reference to the foreign

Protestants , are papers possessed by noblemen

and gentlemen , those in the keeping of Lord

Salisbury and the Marquis of Bath , at Long

leat , being most important . These documents have been made better known by the valuable reports of the Historical h M SS . Commission , in w ich an abstract of

their contents is given . The subjects are various ; some are letters of

t he exiled ministers , petitions, objections to

e restrictions , correspond nce between Church t dignitaries , noblemen and o hers , for the relief

of a nd the distressed poorer refugees .

The manuscripts at our public institutions , at

t he British Museum , the University and college e Librari s of Oxford and Cambridge , also claim

. r attention At Cambridge , are prese ved the

Vaudois papers , collected by Sir Samuel Mor ’ land , Cromwell s envoy in the Savoy , during that dire persecution ; as a collateral subject H with uguenot history , these are of great ’ interest . At Oxford , Archbishop Wake s col

lection , known as the Christ Church letters , ’ is of moment ; that Primate s encouragement of o the Protestants has already been n ticed . This correspondence with the noted men of r

in their E nglish H ome .

in this way a forgotten link of family history

can be supplied . This brings me to the subject of parish f registers as a fording great assistance .

we I n the later years of refugee settlements , ” ﬁnd that many of the strangers attended our

English churches , consequently their registers

are , at times , very helpful in research . This is partic ularly the case in the parishes H 2 of oly Cross and St . Alphage , Canterbury , w hose registers are full of allusions to the parentage and condition of the inhabitants of

those districts , who were chieﬂy weavers . An instance of a cathedral register abounding

in foreign genealogical data is Canterbury , “ ” which has been edited for the Harleian Society H by Mr . R . ovenden in 18 78 . It is urged that every such typical document Should be thus made known ; some Societies have done good work in printing the registers of the London c hurches but in publishing one of the foreign

c ongregations much might be accomplished , a nd the connection of the English with the

r efugees further est ablished . While parish

2 ” Our Parish Books and what they tell us. By J . M . r 188 C owpe . 4 5 . P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce registers are usually kept in the churches to m which they belong , we occasionally ﬁ nd the in private hands ; an instance of this o ccurring

H - was in the Somerset ouse chapel register, which once in the possession of the late Sir Thomas

n Phillipps , of Chelte ham . As to the particular

contents of these volumes , it is stated by Mr . “ the J . S . Burn that the register of French ch urch at Southampton is a model of careful guardianship ; beside s containing the usual d births , eaths , and marriages , it refers to fasts,

f the thanksgivings , and church a fairs , with list ” b of the ministers . Further aid is to e had in the subscriptions collected in the diffe rent t archdeaconries , which are often preserved wi h

cathedral documents , or occasionally at the fﬁ Record O ce , London . Assistance can also be found by consulting

the minute books of the Consistories , and ’ members books , containing the names of those

m . who ca e to the sacrament In the churches , of lists were often hung up past ministers ,

elders , and deacons . 3 the Besides ecclesiastical archives , collection of wills proved in each Diocese is of great im

portance to the historical student , and indeed

3 T ose at u am a a e refer t o refu ee urc st or h F lh P l c , g ch h hi y . in their E n lish H me g o . t here is hardly a document which may not prove a mine of wealth . H The journals of the ouse of Lords , wherein m any petitions and addresses are preserved of t h ose seeking relief from our Government , give v aluable particulars .

In a romantic , though not impossible way , m uch light could be thrown on the numbers and n ames of those who ﬂed from France , by the returns said to be made by capt ains of vessels

n plying from that cou try to England . History can also be written on stone ; some of the most deﬁned helps are the in sc rip

ou r tions and tablets in cathedrals , churches , H and churchyards . ere , again , refugee names 4 o ccur, especially at Canterbury , and we plead

- that all such fast fading memorials , should be copied ere they become illegible .

An ant u e stone iq , The re s s are old e a lic p d by d c y, As records often stand alone e ass a a Of races that hav p ed w y. And en stor t is t rown wh hi ic ligh h , W a dim unc erta n ra ith i y, Traditions of an ancient state ” A ru in may corroborate .

4 he at e ra its C o sters and the t ur es In t c h d l, l i , ci y ch ch , m r t n several eminent foreign na es a e ex a t.

f ur: s aw w as

P UBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR, LENOX TILDEN FOUNDATIONS Facsim e of a e from P sa m Book u b lished at N ort 16 0 il p g l p y , 7 .

To face a e 1 p g 45 . in their E n lish H ome 1 g . 45 of printed literature abounding in scope and

r va iety .

The beginning of its career centres , as it were , round the reign of Edward VI . , when the orders sanctioned by that King took visible form

’ . La sc o s in type Of this , John a important “ treatise , entitled La Discipline ecclésiastique ” E in des glises reformées de France , printed

1 8 e 54 , holds a leading place . We n xt notice the i translations of the Scriptures , of the Psalms n t 5 rhyme by Beza and Clemen Marot , and of the many narratives of the persecutions , to which are sometimes added the historically interesting

’ ’ An a eser t fact of their having been printed , referring possibly to the need of greater caution as to their place of imprint .

on r While such works were the inc ease , per

f r mission was given by Edward VI . o a French Protestant in 1 5 5 2 to set up a printing - press in ’ England , also for the French king s licence to

r print the Bible in Pa is . In the following year ,

1 - 5 53 , the translation of our Prayer Book into

Fran o s French was made by one c y Philippe , and

5 The sa ms set t o m us ear form e a art of fam P l , ic, ly d p ily ors or ere su n in the streets and ﬁe s and at ar e w hip, w g ld , l g r s m eetings by the assembled c owd .

their E n lish H 1 g ome. 47

most of these cases the names of those who

escaped from France appear , the lists being

divided into those of position , the bourgeoise , w ith others of reduced means . After the Revo

of cation the Edict of Nantes , writings of all

e kinds became mor abundant , and we meet with

letters of denization and naturalization , and

in these, many important particulars occur . The records of patents taken ou t for manu

fac tu rers e , and r ports of committees , give ample

sources of information . An example of the latter occurs in a report of committee against a contraband trade which the French Protestants

h 16 in London carried on with t ose abroad in 98 . The correspondence between England a n d

e France before and after the abov date, is strikingly instanced in what is known as the ” H s . e Savile Letter , from Sir Savil , Envoy at

- nd r . a Pa is , and Vice Chamberlain to Charles I I

James I I . , published by the Camden Society

1 in 858 . ’ Savile s wish was to mitigate the severity of ’ XIVs o . L uis dealings with the Protestants , and his colleague in England (Lord Halifax) was

n a xious to promote the same views , and thus writes P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

I shall endeavour to justify my Pro testant Ship by doing all that is in my powe r to the encouraging those that take sanctuary here out ” of France . “ H 16 Again , Lord alifax says ( 79 My credit with the French Protestants I owe wholly to you , y our zeal being so notorious that it ” th throwe a lustre upon all your poor relations . Charenton was the headquarters of Pro testan tism , and this place seems to have attracted Sir

H writ es in 16 L H . Savile, who , 79, to ord alifax Having never failed Charenton one Sunday

o s since I came into France , how much m re thi ’ ne is for the King s service you cannot imagi , unless you saw how kindly these poor people i ” take so small a countenancing as mine s .

In H a v return , Lord alifax writes I ppro e

n of your going to Charenton , and your cou t enanc in the g the Protestants , which I think

ra principal work of an English minister in F nce, but I am apt to believe it may make the Court ” there grow weary of you . Six more years and the Temple a t Ch aren ton was h levelled to the ground , while ot er

for Protestant churches were no more , the ” Edict had gone forth Correspondence and despatches of the in t i E n lish H me 1 he r g o . 49 n i the obility , b shops , divines , and others , crowd

r f and pe iodical and o ﬁcial publications of thetime , we owe much to the learned societies who have t prin ed the most important of these documents . In this category may be named the Camden “ t e Society , in an article entitled Foreigners sident 1618— 1688 in England , the Sussex

ae r Arch ological in anothe , called , Refugees in Sussex while the East Anglian settlements have found place in the Norfolk Antiquarian Mis c ella n y . Several instances might be quoted by which obscure information has been brought to h light and local topography enriched . In t e b - n y ways , as it were , of history , many a hidde b fact is revealed, and even the ordinary hand ook is not to be overlooked . Periodical literature held a long sway in refugee annals . It may be that the frequent anonymous style of the writing guaranteed safety in those inquisitorial times , and so pre

of served the continuity the series . “ The publication of the various Acts of the ” S Synods , those held at Charenton being pecially famous , cannot be unnoticed . Several of these

Acts were afterwards printed at Oxford .

As bearing on this subject , there is a M S .

Ma endie . s belonging to L . j , Esq , which claim

in their E n lish H ome g .

H C APTER VI I . — Present state of French Protestantism Inﬂuenc e of the En s ur a roa —The n onu ment— D r gli h Ch ch b d Colig y M . — Bersier and churches in Paris Foreign societies and — — their work Am erica and her c o- Operation Chu rch es — — still remaining French Protestant Hospital Ar ch — bishop Tait and his inﬂuence Hu gu enot Society of — — London Publications on refugee history Bi- centenary “ ” of the e ocat on f h E t f an — n u s n R v i o t e dic o N tes Co cl io .

TH E later history of refugee life in England is a harder task to chronicle than its earlier career , a s time and circumstances have blende d it so intimately with our own surroundings . We f cannot , however , dissociate the fact rom the e fforts made in France d uring the last ﬁfty

the n it s years for increase of Protesta tism , and

u r elations and inﬂuences with o r own country . Many causes have aided this growt h ; several

r illust ious divines , politicians , and writers have c ombined not a little to advance these move — ’ m e and s h D Au bi né nts , of uc may be named g , 15 2 P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce

e u e an d Monod , Vinet , De Pr sse s , Gr pierre,

Thiers , Guizot , and others .

u r it s n The b ilding of churches in Pa is , eigh bou rhood n ha s b o ne , and the provi ces een of t he an d E a means of success , in this , ngl nd

o r r has gladly shared in prom ting thei e e ction . “ H e E er may be specially instanced , the glise ’ l Et oile e de , which , ﬁnished soon aft r the Franco - German war ( 18 70 takes a le ading

a place in the annals of P ris . I ts pastor, the

en Bersier D . D . Rev . Eug e , , from having adapted

e a partly liturgical form to that already xisting, has created a life and interest in the servic e of an inspiring character. A movement to perpetuat e the memory of a

o n noble man , Admiral C lig y , has lately been

s t he set on foot , by propo ing a monument near very spot on which he fell in the fatal St . Bar

tholom ew. n The feeli g England evinced , and

f r t the aid she a forded by subsc iption , canno t ’ pass unnoticed , nor the fact hat the Admiral s brother (Odet de Coligny) rests in our grandest minster , Canterbury Cathedral . I n Paris other means have been employed for the spread of Protestantism , and among them we e o s e t s re may m nti n om of the socie ie , both in thei E n l sh e I r g i H om . 5 3

’ li iou s l His oire g and secular . The Société de t ” du P a 18 2 rotestantisme Franc is , founded in 5 , occupies a mo st important and honourable 1 position . By publishing proceedings and by holding meetings in cities which have been the stronghold of the refugees , this society f has done e fective and scholarly work , and is supported by writers of known ability and position in France . The conference at Nismes in 1883 was espe c iall y notable ; the visits and services , of an historical character, commemorated the Protes t a ntism of that ancient city, and the memory of those who suffered long in the Tour de Constance r t ather than deny heir faith , was recalled , even through the lapse of many years . Assemblies of f l di ferent re igious societies at Berlin , Basle ,

Geneva , Paris , and elsewhere have had their s uccessful results , and of these may be named the Evangelical Alliance , which has promoted m any excellent schemes . Anot her element marks the history and pro f gress of Protestantism , viz . the synods held rom

1 ” n r u e ra r s : sc Bulleti histo iq e t litt é i e . Pari Fi h

a er Ru e de Se ne . on on : Nutt 2 0 b ch , i , 3 3 L d , 7 ,

Strand.

h H me 1 in their E nglis o . 5 5

the Loch Katrine of America, I saw a maple

a n d an oak- tree growing together from the — same stem , perhap s from the same root the

brilliant , ﬁery maple , the emblem of America the l gnarled and twisted oak, the emblem of Eng and .

So may the two nations always rise together,

f s rm m so di ferent from each other, yet each p g g from the same ancestral root .

To connect the various links of genealogy , r Church histo y , and other matters , which crowd a round the refugee annals of that continent , is one of the objects for which the Huguenot Society of America was founded in

18 Dr . Storrs in his address in 75 On the early American spirit says , Whenever the history of those who came hither from La Rochelle and the banks of the Garonne is fully and written , the value vigour of the force which they imparted to the early American public life w ill need no demonstration .

As the learned chroniclers , so to speak , of F rench Protestant life in America , we cannot o mit mention of the works , both published and

. D . D . to appear , of the Rev Charles W . Baird , ,

3 See A en pp dix . 1 5 6 P r otesta n ts fr om Fr a n ce

H and of his brother, Professor enry M . Baird , both of whom have an acknowledge d high repute for the historical dev otion and a c c ura cy r of their w itings . The words of P rofessor Baird a t the in auguration of its Huguenot Society of Am erica ’ may best describe the past and future of the e migration : France he r self did not lo s e them m all , though long compelled to hide the selves ,

d escen for now again , in our own days , the dants of Huguenots are beginning t o re assert

n tra their claim to a land , theirs by right of a ces l ff sacriﬁces and su erings . “ Meanwhile , other countries , and America

n too among the rest , have gained what Fra ce

—a freely and thoughtlessly parted with noble, ”

r . heroic , Christian ace

Returning to England , we can now better trace the effects which have resulted fro m the

e few once vast settl ment in London , in the remaining churches there devoted to the de

sc enda nt s of the refugees . The churches so left have been already ’ - - . t . le a n . mentioned , viz , tha of St Martin s Gr d , St

- en - w Jean Savoy in Bloomsbury Street , to hich

A n See ppe dix . n their E n lish H ome 1 i g . 5 7 may be added the comparatively recent building in Bayswater . All these are continuing the objects and work for which they were founded , and have attached to them , charitable and good

a n S ocieties . To that in Bloomsbury Street is ’ nexe d L Ec ole an excellent school , de Charité ” 1 Protestante Francaise , founded in 747, for the t educa ion and maintenance of young girls . The Bayswater church has many benevolent

a d agencies , which have been successfully v an c ed - - by the minister , the Rev . Pontet de la

H B . D arpe , . h Another link with past history is t e. French H Protestant ospital , founded by Monsieur de

Ga ti n t s s . g y , and ﬁrst itua e in Bath Street , St ’ Luke s .

1 2 th 1 18 On the of November , 7 , the chapel and buildings were opened and dedicated , the R P service being conducted by the ev . hilippe

e l . M nard , minister of the French Chape , St ’ “ ” James . The name of La Providence ﬁrst given to this institution justly pourtrays its benevolent aims , while the Corporate seal , ” i representing El jah fed by the ravens , carries H out the same idea . ere the poorer refugees

f s found a welcome home , after the su fering

E h e 1 in their nglis H om . 5 9

f communities . We have seen that the e forts to support and maintain the historical sequence w of refugee life have not been ithout success , and that its cause was much strengthened and graced by the words of the late Arch bishop Tait , who , in his Diocesan Charge referring to the long existence of the

French Church in the crypt of Canterbury , sai d :

I do not forget that in this cathedral , though

in an obscure part of it , there still remains a memorial of those days when the Church of

England , looked to as the mother of the

Protestant churches of Europe , gave an asylum to our persecuted Protestant brethren who came

from other lands . This memorial of the past may have become now little more than a sentiment , but it is a

sentiment not to be thought lightly of, and I consider it certainly no small honour of my E piscopate to have received , in consequence of a few words which I was able to speak in the House of Lords on the subject of those French

Protestants , the thanks , as Chief Pastor of the

Church of England , of a large and intelligent body of some seventy pastors of the Reformed P r otesta nts fr om Fr a nce revival may have much power in dire c ting the

— an d course of events both at home abroad . One proposal emanating from the recent

m s Co memoration was , that scholarship be founded at Montauban to prepare yo ung H men of uguenot parentage for the ministry .

e We may . even see the famous T mple at ” - Charenton , once the rallying point of the

H n u uguenots , agai take its place, tho gh in a

ff . di erent way , for the spread of religion The simile of a modern writer seems approp riately to — recur to our minds as he says , . “ the D a u hin s At Queyras, in p y Alp , a young elm gr ew by the side of a Protestant temple . In the days of persecution the tem pl e was

n er s e c u bur t , and the tree shared its fate ; the p tors , as tradition says , were wont to point to its ‘ r char ed stump and say tauntingly , When that ’ elm blossoms , Protestantism will revive . Now those who climb the valley can see for them selves how truly this tree was an image of

Protestantism its root , always alive , has been

penetrating deeper and deeper into the rock , until it has received strength enough to blos som ” again . n ei E n l sh om i th r g i H e.

These memories of the past S hould indeed t s rengthen the future of the Protestant Church , and though the events and cruelties of St .

Bartholomew and of the reign of Louis XIV . h of we ave been softened by the hand Time , cannot dwell on them when every inﬂuence is moving onwards . We have tra ced in these pages the out

of line refugee life in England , and have seen

r its rise , prog ess , and absorption into our own nation .

e In all these stages , can have been disc rned the agencies and inﬂuences which have at times discouraged , at another cheered , the path of the strangers .

- Their biographies , as a beacon light in the mists of superstition and error, seem to clear the way to a better appreciation of those noble characteristics which have been brought out f through their story of sorrow and su fering .

s From the furnace of distress and peril , say

H Dis er Mr . Poole , in his uguenots of the p ” “ sion , the bright , generous characteristic of ” the race came out with quickened exhilaration . “ The light heart of the Celt was in them , puriﬁed from its vices , frivolity , and love of M 2

I D E X N .

B B E . 82 . eza 1 A ADI , J , B , 5 .

ot r c s o su ort s e ane ote of the . Abb , A hbi h p, pp Bibl , cd , 4 f e D e u e au se . onnet r . 1 . R g c , 37 B , , 5 n w R n e D . s o re at on at 12 ev . 161 r t o 1 . Ag , , . B i l, c g g i , A as o B r a m i e o n 6 8 10 12 u ce at r 8 . L c , J h , , 7, , 9, , , , 7 C b dg ,

1 18 2 w r s of 10 B ulteel . m n ster at C a m 3 , , 5, 74 ; o k , ; , J , i i “ ” s ne d es E ses 1 terb u r 1 1 . Di cipli gli , 45, y, 3

1 0 . B u r e or 2 6 12 6 5 l igh , L d , , 3 3, .

emar e or wr tes for re ur net s o 6 62 88 . Alb l , L d , i B , Bi h p, 4 , ,

- ease of l B u heau . a e C . s a es 68 . t l g ll y v , , , 79 A e a n r e eter 1 1 . l x d , P , 7,

P . fe of LVN o n 1 1 n ﬂu en e Allix, , li , 95 . CA I , J h , 5 , 7 i c m er ca em rat on t o and ett ers of 1 orres on s A i , ig i , 43 l , 5 c p d — a nd the efu ees 1 1 6 w t E war . and r an R g , 54 5 i h d d VI C u u enot So et m er 16 on r e for m at on of of 1 6. H g ci y , 5 , ; i nne u een 61 E n s u r 1 Q her nterest , 6. A , , — i gli h Ch ch in the r efu ees 61 6 am r d e B u c er a t 8 . g , 3 . C b i g , , s a m o er 1 am en S o et the 1 A ch , R g , 7, 7. C d ci y, , 49. anons e és ast u es C ccl i iq ,

R v . 1 1 . R e W. 1 BAI D , C . , 5 5. 9 M 1 a nter u r r . . . on e a t ons a t H , 5 5 C b y, c g g i , n rof r s 8 r a t o 6 the , 9 r t u in at e B c , A chbi h p, 3 ; c yp ch c—h c h u r h in the anne s e ra 12 8 1 su Ch c Ch l I l s d l. 33 , 34. 35 ; p

u n er ort e r s o s ran . d , 37. p d by A chbi h p C ar ow B s o 0 m er and a r er 12 B l , i h p, 5 . P k , 9 ; by ar nst a e r Tenis n Wa e err n nd u at 12 2 . o a B pl , ch ch , , k , H i g, e for u e of aid t Seek er 1 1 u een E za B d d, D k o r e , 3 by Q li

fu ees 68 12 6 et 12 u n er ar es Il . g , , . b h , 9 d Ch l , t W B ersier D r . 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 ar an es w a oon , , , 3 , 3 , 15 . 3 ; v i c i h ll Index .

c ur h 1 1 So n an sm in onform st on re ations 8 . h c , 3 ci i i , C i c g g , 9 1 1 resent on t on 1 ontr ut ons for r el ef 8 3 p c di i , 33 C ib i i , 5 .

fam ou s m n sters 1 1 ourt nt o ne 6 1 . i i , 34, 35 C , A i , 7, 7 ’ ’ r s o a t s ea for 1 . C ousih ea n Grind al s O n on A chbi h p T i pl , 33 , J , pi i r r f 6 f anter u n u st es o o 2 6. C b y i d i , 4, , 1 f r fa m es a nd o n e 2 o e n ena t rs the S ot . 3 ig ili C v , c ch , 99 n am es in 1 1 1 ranm er r s o 6 , 3 5, 4 C , A chbi h p , , 1 at e ra ar ves 1 1 . 1 1 12 1 1 os c h d l chi , 4 , 43 , , 3 , 4, h pi

asau on sa a 6 1 . ta t t o stran e rs his C b , I c, 95 , 9 , 34 li y g , 7 ” l o n C a stol . o t r ne at e sm , J h , 35 d c i , 9 C chi ,

C a vallier ea n 10 6. d e r at on 18 r om ote , J , p iv i , ; p d f u o 1 . fore n ur es . R d l , 3 ig ch ch , 75

. r m e Sir W 12 13 . o we his nﬂ uen e w t the C cil, , , C ll, —i c i h C evennois ra er of the 2 . refu ees . , p y , 7 g , 43 45 ann e sles r efu ee ur e s Ch l I , g ch ch in 1 1 —12 0 o er nors RTM T f e U H re u e s at 12 0 . , 5 g v DA O , g ,

- of 1 16 1 1 ra er B oo for D e B eau o r fa m of 66. , , 7 P y k , v i , ily , 1 16 S m er set u e of D e B os a u e 10 0 o t t 12 2 . ; , D k , q , 99, , ’ 1 u n r E za et a nd D e l An le 16 e ean . 1 d li b h g , J M , 77, 34 m I 1 1 1 18 e a n a e s . r o ta ne 10 1 . J , 7, ; A ch D l F i ,

nd his o D la ot e . s o ot a e t C 8 . bi h p Abb p licy, M , , 3

1 18 u n er the om m on en zat on etters of . d C D i i , l , 49 ’

wea t 1 18 u n er am es . D E s a ne M . l h, d J II , p g , ,

1 1 . on . d e . 9 Dib , M , 4 a rent on em e a t 0 ssens on s in for e n urc es Ch , T pl , 4 , 95, Di i ig ch h , 2 ’ h r u a d e D m . ar es . n t e ef es O b rain . H 8 C , , , 9 . h l— I g H 42 his a t on w t fore n o er sett em ent and ur 39 —c i i h ig D v , l ch ch ower s 0 2 . at 1 1 1 for e n nam es a rou n p , 4 4 , ig d,

Il. his con u t t owar s 1 12 ar es . Ch l , d c d he ro est ants 6 0 ea t D relinc our t P 10 0 t t . . P , 4 5 d h , ,

of 0 . u n r efu ee o u m ent s at , 5 D bli , g d c ,

e sea u r at 10 6. 1 . Ch l , ch ch , 44 f B h v ix fam l o 10 1 . D u o r . C ene u eu A. 8 82 , i y , di , L , 5 , .

u r in the eser t 2 . D u ou n 8 1 . Ch ch D , 7 M li , 77, 7 , 34

olet ea n . D uran 8 . C , D , 7 d, 79, 3 o n m r a 2 ar a ter D u rel ea n 8 1 82 C lig y, Ad i l, 9 ch c , J , ,

of 0 1 m onu m ent t o 1 2 . u r am ou se a e in 8 , 3 , 3 , 5 D h H , ch p l , 5

o n O et d e 2 0 D u Ve C . 6 C lig y, d , 9, 3 . il , , 9

C olom iez P . . u t u r The , , 97 D ch Ch ch, , om m onwea t its nﬂ u en e on C l h, i c

refu stor 1 18 . E ST n an se tl m n ee t e e t s 12 6. g hi y , 43 , 45 , — A A gli , om ton B s o 6 60 E wa r VI. 1 re n a nd C p , i h p , 4 , 57 d d , 4 ig ’ E e n s o n on of his ea t 1 18 wor s of a v ly pi i , 59 d h, 7, ; d C lvin

are for t he refu e es and t o 1 . c g , 59 ; , 7

- ur atThor e le So en 12 . E za et fore n oli of 2 2 ch ch p k , 7 li b h , ig p cy , 167

u u enot ur un er 2 2 Threadneedle Street u r H g ch ch d , ; ch ch,

her re e tion of o n 1 6. c p C lig y, 3 7 ’

St . art o omew and the uernse w de anne Is es. B h l G y, Ch l l

u een 2 safet of u s sts of 1 1. Q , 3 ; y , 33 ; G ild , li , 4 r e e t on of r s o c p i , by A chbi h p

a r er o ernment of G M . 161. P k , 34 g v HAA , ,

anne s es 1 16 1 1 . a fa or 1 8. Ch l I l , , 7 H li x, L d, 4 E ra smu s 6 amm ersm t sett ement at , 5, . H i h, l ,

E t 1 6. a es . 0 pl , 3

E el n o n at reenw c 10 . er r n r is o his ar e v y , J h , G i h, 3 H i g, A chb h p , c E et er et t on of ren P ro for the e es 68 6 orre x , p i i F ch xil , , 9 ; c t est ants at 2 sett em ent s ond ence of 68 nte osed , 9 ; l p , ; i and u r at 12 2 ta estr for re ease of a e S a es ch ch , ; p y l g ll y v , m 6 anufa t u re 12 and D r . ortin 8 c , 3 . 9 ; J , 9 ;

erse e es 12 0 and M r . J y xil , ;

M a endie 0 . BE f m j , 9 R a l of . FA , i y , 3 orne s o 1 1 . a W H , Bi h p , 5 re am . F l, illi , 3, 4 u u enot So et of on on H g ci y L d , aversha m fore ners at 1 1 . F , ig , 4 the 160 of meri a 1 6. eu r fam of , ; A c , 5 Fl y, ily , 99 t e sett em ent at 1 1 1 1 . ore ners in on on r et u rn s Hy h , l , 3 , 4 F ig L d , of 2 , 5 . NSC R P T N S refu ee 1 . ran o s ar 1 1 I I IO , g , 43 F c i , Rich d, . r e a n fu t es in 8—10 2 I l d, gi iv , 9 ; ra n fort ur at I 18 . F k , ch ch , I , a r es and o um ents in ren rot estant os ta chiv d c , F ch P H pi l, 1 h 44. t e 1 1 8 . , 57, 5

u er D r . om as 80 . F ll , Th , M P JA ES I . and the foreign ro

t estant s, 36.

LLEY s a e id f r 6 . s a o a m es . and the refu ees 0 GA l v , , 9 J II g , 5 ,

a wa or 61. 1 G l y, L d , 57, 5 . ’ ’ aston u r ur at 1 erse w ae anne s es. Gl b y, ch ch , 3 ; J y, Ch l I l su ort of m r n d So e set a D eans of 1 1 12 0 . pp , by , 9, ra m n er 1 1 ser ce of ewe s o 2 . C , 3 , 4 ; vi , J l, Bi h p , 3 1 . 0 m “ D r 8 “ 4 1 ) ” 5, 971 9 ene a 1 G v , 5, 7. r eenw sett ement a 60 t KENT nd u str es of 1 10 . G ich , l , , , i i ,

r es a m Sir om as his r e LA C H ELLE s e f 0 ast r o . G h , Th , RO , di , 4 c e t ion of O et de o n a u r sho his o p d C lig y, L d , A chbi p , p licy

2 . t owar s the u u enots 1 9 d H g , 4 , r n a r s o 2 2 —2 2 1 1 G i d l , A chbi h p, 4 4 , 3 . su er nten n f fo e t o re n au sa nne co le e at 6 . p i d ig L , l g , 7 ur es 2 o n on of ean a n f t on s o o E eter 2 . ch ch , 5 ; pi i J L vi g , Bi h p x , 9 ou s n 2 6 issens ons i f n e e re a ues . C i , ; d i L v , J cq , 3 , 5 ur es ea t w 6 e t 2 ett rs at ent . ch ch d l i h by, ; L p , 49. 59 a id to refu ees a nd the o o f Wor e ; s o ster 60 . g , 34 Ll yd , Bi h p c ,

versities 1 in on on S e erin ean 12 , 39 ; L d , v , J , 7. d 2 82 1 0 st s in on on 2 . ev i né a am e e . 4 ; li L d , 5 g , M d , 5 ,

e st er s of fore n u r es S e on s o 80 8 1. R gi ig ch ch , h ld , Bi h p, , 6 1 8 . Sm es D r . 1 1. 3 il , ,

e sters u at on of 1 1 . So et for ore n rot estants R gi , p blic i , 4 ci y F ig P ,

estorat on the . 6 and r s o er r n R i , , 45 9 ; A chbi h p H i g,

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om a ne W. 8. Som erset u e of 12 1 1 R i , , 9 , D k , , 3 , 4,

om . R illy, 79 o ou n u n 0 1 om e ou se ren ser a B t , 57, 7 , 7 , S er s t , R y l y F d— H F ch 8 it s st or 0 . v e in 8 r e ister s at I 8 . 9 ; hi y, 9 94 ic , 4 ; g , 3 o al E an e on on 2 Sou t am ton set t em ent an R y xch g , L d , 9, h p , l d

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u n ar u s 60 61 of 86 8 . R vig y, M q i , 57, , , , , 7

10 10 . S ta serm ons 8 . 3 , 4 pi l , 7

R e sett em ent a n d u r c at Stam for refu ees at 12 6. y , l ch h , d, g , — h 1 8 re or 10 6 1 1 1 m n ster s a t 10 c St at e a er s t e s i i , 9 ; p p , , 3 ; c d fore n na m es 1 10 as e t of in u a nd r at e o ee ig , ; p c , p blic p iv c ll

1 1 1. t ons 1 . i , 39 S B a rt o om ew m a ssa re the t . h l c , , SAN C RO FT r s o , A chbi h p, 57; ’ a re for refu ees 8 . am es s a a e a e c g , 5 St . J P l c , Ch p l San f a el 12 t o t . o a 88 . d ch p , 7 R y l,

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s te r s o ar er Su sse r efu ees in 1 10 . vi i d by A chbi h p P k , x, g , 1 1 t ra es at 1 1 u r n S no s e in on on 6 t s 3 ; d , 3 ; d i g y d h ld L d , 7 Ac ’ a u s r m a 1 1 . of the 1 stor of 1 . L d P i cy, 3 , 49 ; hi y , 54

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wor s 161 . u r at R e 10 1 10 su k , ch ch y , 9, ; p

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ur refu ees 1 1 . re awne B s o 1 1 12 1 b y g , 3 T l y, i h p, 9, ’ Ina e x .

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effor t s for u n on w t a an r e ef for refu ees 1 . i i h G llic li g , 59, 9

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an d am et 66 o e e W n e sea 1 10 . L b h, ; c ll g i ch l , u ann 6 hi or r n o f N o a t a s e s w W e s o rw 2 . L , 7; k, , Bi h p ich , 4

’ G IL BERT AND R1v1NG'r ON L m r r no N D , , ST . JOH N S SQUARE, LO O N . APPEND IX .

E Y N N HU GU ENOT SOCI T OF LO DO .

— IR T N D B . S E Y R G . C . . R ES EN T GHT H ON . S U P ID RI H A LA A ,

s So iet foun e r 188 ha s the fo ow n Thi c y ( d d Ap il, 5) ll i g E O BJ CT S . ( 1 ) The i nter change and pu blicat ion of knowledge relati ng

Th u not s in r (A) e history of the H gu e F an ce . ( B) The H u gu enot Emigrat ions from Fr an ce a nd adj oin ing n cou tr ies . C The efu e Sett em ent s t r ou ou t the wor ar ( ) R ge l h gh ld, p t icu larl t ose in reat B r ta n re an and the y h G i i , I l d, Channe l I sla nds a nd the r esu lting effects of those Sett em ent s u on t he rofess ons m anu fa t ures l p p i , c , omm er e an d so a fe of t he Se era a es in c c , ci l li v l pl c which they were m a de . (D ) Hu gu en ot genealogy and heraldr y and H ugu enot r Church a nd other Regi ste s . To form a bond of fellowship am ong som e of th ose who n er t or a m r e the ha ra ter st u uenot rt u es a nd who i h i d i c c i ic H g vi , desir e t o per pet u at e the m em ory of t heir H u gu e not a ncest ors . The So et w l a so u n er ta e u n er t he re t on of the ci y i l l d k , d di c i ou n a s o or t u n t es ar se an d t he fun s of the So et C cil, pp i i i d ci y erm t the u at on of u u enot u r e st ers enea p i , p blic i H g Ch ch R gi , g o es ne te o u m ent s and ot er nform at on ear n u on l gi , i di d d c , h i i b i g p u r H gu enot hist o y . u at ons of art s a e een ssu e and a fort om n P blic i p h v b i d , hc i g nu mber will cont a i n an a ccou n t of t he Bi- Centena ry celebra t on in on on O t o er 188 . i L d , c b , 5

The resent onora r Se retar is . ra u rown n E s . p H y c y A Gi d B i g, q , onorar Se retar of the r en rotesta nt os ta Vtor a H y c y F ch P H pi l , ic i ar E P k, U U EN S E Y OF A E H G OT OCI T M RICA,

oun e in 188 ha s ssu e a art of ro ee n s has e F d d 3 , i d p p c di g , h ld m em or a m eet n s ot on the ann er sar of the St . B ar i l i g b h , iv y - t holom ew 2 th u u st a nd at t he e ocat on B i entenar . ( 4 A g ) , R v i C y

The H on . OH N AY is a rm an of the So et and its J J Ch i ci y, a ress is N ew Y or t dd k Ci y .