2(54) `2016 2 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

CONTENTS

MATERIALS OF INTERREGIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «BIOMEDICAL ADAPTATION IN THE NORTH» MAY 26, 2016 Metabolic aspects of human adaptation in the North 4 Kim L.B., Putiatina A.N., Kozhin P.M., Gevorgyan M.M., Ruskikh G.S., Voronina N.P., Kozaruk T.V. The correlation between collagen and lipid metabolisms in residents of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation 7 Krivoshapkina Z.N., Semenova E.I., Olesova L.D., Sofronova S.I. Comparative analysis of biochemical parameters of blood in the indigenous men, living in Yakutia rural and urban areas 10 Olesova L.D., Krivoshapkina Z.N., Semenova E.I., Yakovleva A.I., Efremova S.D. The frequency of dyslipidemia among the Arctic region population of Yakutia 14 Mokrushnikov P.V., Osipova L.P., Gol’tsova T.V., Rozumenko A.A. Erythrocyte membranes microviscosity in the population of Samburg village Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Formation of the pathology in children and adult population of the North 16 Dutkin M.P., Yakovleva E.P. Gender education in the prevention of suicidal behavior among the people of the Arctic Zone 19 Malysheva L.A., Zakharova F.A., Strekalovskaya A.A. Age and women’s health in the perimenopause 21 Sevostyanova E.V., Mitrofanov I.M., Nikolaev Yu.A. Impact of comorbidity on meteosensitivity in hypertensive patients, residents of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) 24 Ryabichenko T.I., Skosyreva G.A.,Timofeeva E.P., Kulakova Yu.V., Kos’yanova T.G., Patrusheva Yu.N. Features of the central nervous system pathology in children and adolescents of the Mirnyj region the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) 26 Verkhoturova E.N., Golderova A.S. Gastroesophageal reflux disease complicated by Barrett’s esophagus (at the example ofthe Medical unit Health of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RF on RS (Y)) The regulatory system of the human body in the North 30 Marinova L.G., Savvina N.V., Savvina I.L. Adolescent: growth and development in the North (review) 32 Lutov Ju.V., Selyatitskaya V.G., Deev D.A. The association of insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue dysfunction with components of metabolic syndrome in men of Western-Yakut industrial region 35 Poteryaeva O.N., Ruskikh G.S., Biushkina N.G., Rozumenko A.A., Churkina T.V., Goltsova T.V., Osipova L.P., Polyakov L.M. Hormonal status and lipid profile in the residents of the village Samburg Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District 37 Semenova E.I., Olesova L.D., Krivoshapkina Z.N. Hemogram status of population of the Northern and Central Yakutia 41 Konstantinova L.I., Mironova G.E., Okhlopkova E.D., Efremova A.V. Status of pro- and antioxidant balance in freestyle wrestlers in Yakutia in different seasons 43 Mestnikova E.N., Makharova N.V., Pinigina I.A., Gavrilyeva K.S. Electrophysiological adaptation of the cardiovascular system of sportsmen in the North Environment and health status of the North population 45 Alekseev A.Yu., Adamenko L.S., Zabelin V.A., Makarchuk A.L., Shestopalov A.M. Bioremediation of oil contaminated areas as a basis for a system of measures to improve the human environment in Northern Siberia 2’ 2016 3

48 Ivanov P.M., Abramov A.F., Tomskiy M.I., Makarova N.N., Goldereva A.S., Nikolaeva T.I., Zharnikova T.N., Myreeva S.A., Ivanova F.G., Nikolaev V.M., Kiprijanova N.S. State of the environment and the population malignant neoplasms’ morbidity in the Arctic regions of Yakutia 53 Samsonov S.N., Strekalovskaya A.A., Malysheva L.A., Petrova P.G., Zakharova F.A. Relationship of the geomagnetic disturbance to the state of the cardiovascular system at high latitudes on the growth phase of the 11-year solar activity cycle 55 Bessonov P.P., Bessonova N.G. Prevalence and risk factors of acid diseases in the adult population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) 57 Efremova A.V., Mironova G.E., Konstantinova L.I. Actual nutrition indexes of the indigenous rural population of Yakutia 60 Tyaptirgyanov M.M., Tyaptirgyanova V.M., Chernyh A.V. Evaluation of the quality water in the Kolyma River on an aquatic biota “The Yakut Medical Journal” ISSUE MATERIALS Original researches 64 Chugunova S.A., Nikolaeva T.Ya., Egorova T.S. Characteristics of intracerebral hematomas associated with anticoagulant therapy 68 Kroshka D.V., Dolgalev A.A., Bragin E.A. Time and graphic parameters of masticatory movements of subjects with temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles dysfunction 71 Kazanov V.N., Garmaeva D.K., Khairullin R.M. Topo- and morphometrical characteristic of the breast asymmetry in women of Yakutia in age 20-40 Methods of diagnosis and treatment 74 Pakharukova M.Yu., Dushkin A.V., Mordvinov V.A. Comparison of anti-opisthorchiasis effect of praziquantel and complexes of albendazole with arabinogalactan 77 Pinelis I.S., Pinelis Yu.I., Ushnitsky I.D. Treatment of keloid scars of auricles 78 Bashirov E.V., Duglas N.I. Laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion as the stage of effective technology of treatment of uterine fibroids Healthcare, medical science and education organization 80 Timofeev L.F. Primary morbidity of the population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) in 2013-2014 83 Tarabukina S.M., Boyarova Z.A. Minimum range of medicines compliance in the pharmaceutical institutions of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) Nutrition in the North 85 Abramov A.F., Sleptsova T.V., Efimova A.A., Vasilieva V.T. The biological value of Yakut carp protein depending on its age Scientific reviews and lectures 87 Vinokurov M.M., Savelyev V.V., Yalynskaya T.V. The use of “DNA-comet” method for the detection and assessment of damage to the blood mononuclear cells induced by endogenous intoxication at the acute destructive pancreatitis Clinical Case 90 Tappakhov A.A., Nikolaeva T.Ya., Alexeeva A.D., Okoneshnikova L.T., Klarov L.A., Davydova T.K. Differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy and essential tremor with Parkinson’s disease The chronicle of events 4 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

MATERIALS OF INTERREGIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «BIOMEDICAL ADAPTATION IN THE NORTH»

METABOLIC ASPECTS OF HUMAN ADAPTATION IN THE NORTH

Kim L.B., Putyatina A.N., Kozhin P.M., Gevorgian M.M., Russkikh G.S., Voronina N.P., Kozaruk T.V. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN COLLAGEN AND LIPID METABOLISMS IN RESIDENTS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between collagen metabolism and lipid profile and the risk of cardiovascular pathology in middle-aged men living in the Arctic. Material and methods. The study based on written consent was included apparently healthy middle-aged overweighted men, living and working in the European North (n=28). Anthropometric survey was conducted by measuring body height and weight, waist and hip circumference (WC, HC). Assessment of cardiovascular risk (CVR) was carried out on a scale of SCORE. The comparison group consisted of men, residents of Western Siberia (n=6). Blood and urine sampling was carried out in the morning. In the urine, assessed were the contents of total hydroxyproline (tGOP) and its forms: free (fGOP), peptid-bound (peGOP), protein-bound (prGOP). The serum contents of cholesterol and triglycerides, HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B (Apo A1, Apo B), matrix metalloproteinases - MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases - TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, TIMP-4 were measured. The results were process using Statistica package applications. Results of the study. The northerners had 2 times increase in the content of tGOP mainly due to peGOP and prGOP. The enhanced fibrosis involves local activation of the regulation system, which is manifested as an increase in the content of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and TIMP- 4. Contents of LDL, HDL, Apo A1 and Apo B were in line with the reference values. Atherogenic coefficient in northerners was higher than 3, but less than that in the comparison group, but the cardiovascular risk was higher. Correlations between the contents of the GOP and cardiovascular risk factors, MMP and TIMP were established. Conclusion. Increased cardiovascular risk scale SCORE, a relationship between the content of hydroxyproline and cardiovascular risk factors among northerners are evidences of the involvement of altered collagen metabolism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Keywords: hydroxyproline, lipids, MMP, TIMP, cardiovascular risk, Arctic zone.

INTRODUCTION of the pathogenesis of hypoxia, it is a [5]. There is evidence that Finnish men The relevance of the study of powerful inducer of collagen synthesis (24-45 years old) with low testosterone collagen metabolism in the Arctic region [9]. Type I collagen is particularly had higher levels of triglycerides and is connected with the problem of fibrosis sensitive to hypoxia: organ deposits LDL [13]. The relationship between and the development of structural and of type I collagen increase sharply in testosterone and risk of cardiovascular functional changes in tissues and organs, hypoxia [10]. Since the main function disease is widely discussed [11, 14]. which manifest in varying degrees of of type I collagen is to prevent tissue Thus, the combination of factors such as functional impairment. Clinical and distension [7], its accumulation can be northern tissue hypoxia, male gender, morphological features of fibrosis in expected to decrease the elasticity of reproductive age, and low temperatures lungs and heart of the northerners tissues and vessels, which is especially can increase the risk of pathology have been described [3]. It has been important. However, data on the content associated with impaired lipid and found that the magnitude of changes in of this extracellular matrix component collagen metabolism. respiratory function depends on the state in northerners are not available, since The purpose of the study is to ex- of organism adaptation, seasonality, there were no direct investigations in the amine the relationship between collagen physical activity and duration of exposure Arctic region. metabolism and lipid profile and the risk to extreme environmental factors (low It is known that men aged 40-59 years of cardiovascular pathology in middle- temperature, dust, etc.) [8]. Revealed are more susceptible to atherosclerosis aged men living in the Arctic. changes of external respiration, oxygen [4]. This is partially associated with MATERIALS AND METHODS transport function of blood, the oxygen hormonal status changes induced, Apparently healthy men (n = 28, av- permeability of capillaries and the among other factors, by the function of erage age 47.1 ± 2.3 years) working at oxygen balance of blood, which are sex hormones. Male northerners aged mining facility in Murmansk region (67o associated with polar experience and 30-39 years have been shown to have 1.4 N) were enrolled in the study on the ba- photoperiod, showed the involvement and 1.2 times lower levels of testosterone sis of a written informed consent. Cal- of these systems in the development of and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate culated average life expectancy in the northern tissue hypoxia [1]. Regardless levels, respectively, than men under 29 North was 22.6 ± 2.1 years. The study 2’ 2016 5 was conducted in the period of polar Table 1 night (November-December). Compari- son group (Novosibirsk citizens, n = 6) The content of hydroxyproline in urine and the content of matrix metalloproteinases and northern group had no differences and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in serum of men in the European in gender, age, body mass index, marital North status and chronotype. The study was approved by RIECM Index European North Western Siberia р Bioethical Committee and performed in compliance with the “Ethical principles tGOP, mcg/ml 25,13±1,94 12,15±1,51 0,001 for medical research involving human fGOP, mcg/ml 5,25±0,66 3,17±0,36 0,010 subjects” and in accordance with the peGOP, mcg/ml 17,71±1,56 7,87±1,24 0,002 “Rules of clinical practice in the Russian prGOP, mcg/ml 2,17±0,22 1,12±0,38 0,033 Federation”. Anthropometric examination, includ- Index of fibrosis, SU 5,60±0,91 2,85±0,24 0,010 ing measurement of height (cm), body MMP-1, ng/ml 0,90±0,09 0,73±0,15 0,020 weight (kg), waist circumference (WC, MMP-2, ng/ml 67,95±6,76 52,08±10,26 cm) and hips (HC, cm) was performed. Body mass index (BMI - kg / m2) was de- MMP-3, ng/ml 31,90±2,73 35,17±5,20 termined, and WC/HC relationship was MMP-9, ng/ml 380,29±28,69 239,00±41,64 0,033 evaluated. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) was assessed in accordance with Na- TIMP-1, ng/ml 713,05±79,29 310,42±62,92 0,015 tional guidelines on cardiovascular pre- TIMP-2, ng/ml 206,52±24,45 271,50±92,16 vention (2011). tGOP, mcg/ml 1,62±0,14 1,17±0,11 0,020 Biological material (blood plasma and urine) was collected in the morning after an overnight fast, and was deep-frozen Table 2 at -70ºS after pre-treatment. Lipid pro- Anthropometric indices, lipid profile and the degree of cardiovascular risk in men in file was assessed using an automatic the European North biochemical analyzer 480 AU Beckman Coulter (USA). Thermo Fisher Scientific sets (USA) were used to determine the Index European North Western Siberia р levels of cholesterol (cholesterol, mmol BMI, kg/m2 26,74±0,73 28,06±1,61 / L) and triglyceride (TG, mmol / l). Lev- WC, см 93,68±2,05 100,17±4,50 els of HDL (mg / dL), LDL (mmol / L), Apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1 mg/dl), and HC, см 100,82±1,36 106,20±2,52 apolipoprotein B (Apo B mg/dL) were de- WC/ HC 0,93±0,01 0,91±0,01 termined using DiaSyS sets (Germany). Cholesterol, mmol/l 5,01±0,23 5,08±0,31 The level of the following components was determined in blood plasma using TG, mmol/l 1,37±0,19 2,03±0,35 ELISA kits according to instructions: ma- HDL, mmol/l 1,21±0,09 0,77±0,06 0,009 trix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-2, LDL mmol/l 2,70±0,14 2,95±0,21 MMP-9 (Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, USA), MMP-3 (AESKU DIAGNOSTICS GmbH Apo А1, mg/dl 148,40±3,89 121,62±3,17 0,001 & Co. KG, Germany), tissue inhibitors of Apo B, mg/dl 50,64±3,48 91,38±10,20 0,001 matrix metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and Atherogenic coefficient, SU 3,53±0,35 5,88±0,90 0,018 TIMP-2 (Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, USA), Risk SCORE, % 3,89±0,83 0,96±0,56 0,044 TIMP-4 (R & D Systems Inc., USA). The results were read using a microplate reader Stat Fax-2100 (Awarenes Tech- was carried out using Statistica v. 10 volving young Swedish men showed that nology Inc., USA). (Stat Soft Inc., USA). To compare the two increased excretion of tGOP and fGOP Collagen content was evaluated by groups, Mann–Whitney U test was used. in the urine is caused by low tempera- the level of total hydroxyproline (tGOP) Relationships between parameters were tures [12]. and its forms in the urine: free (fGOP), established using Spearman’s rank cor- There is an opinion that peGOP re- peptide-bound GOP (peGOP), protein- relation. The results were presented as flects the rate of biological collagen turn- bound GOP (prGOP) [6]. The calibration M ± m. Differences were considered sta- over (both synthesis and degradation), curve was obtained for GOP standard tistically significant at p <0.050. fGOP reflects the degradation of colla- dilutions (MM - 131,13, «Sigma»). Mea- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION gen and prGOP reflects synthesis of a surement of the optical density of the tGOP urine concentration in north- young, immature collagen [6]. If so, the analyte was performed using a spectro- erners was 2 times higher than in men index of fibrosis can be calculated by photometer PD-303S («Apel», Japan) at from comparison group (Table 1). The obtaining the fGOP concentration value a wavelength of 560 nm. increased concentration was caused by from tGOP concentration value and sub- The study was performed using the the increased level of all GOP forms, es- sequent assignment to fGOP. This index equipment of RIECM Shared Equipment pecially prGOP, which had 2 times high- reflects the synthesis of collagen (Table Center “Modern optical systems”. er level than in the comparison group. 1). In northerners, this index was 2 times Statistical processing of the results The results of a special pilot study in- higher than in the comparison group. 6 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

There is a hypothesis that serum Table 3 prGOP is a component of the C1q com- plement, which is also related to acute- Correlation between the content of individual forms of hydroxyproline and lipid, phase proteins [16]. However, high level anthropometric indices in men in the European North (r; p) of prGOP was shown to promote athero- sclerosis in healthy males aged 40-59 Index tGOP fGOP peGOP prGOP [4]. Local regulation of extracellular BMI -0,56; 0,002 -0,41; 0,032 -0,47; 0,011 -0,48; 0,010 matrix metabolism based on MMP/ WC -0,55; 0,002 -0,46; 0,014 -0,42; 0,024 -0,58; 0,001 TIMP system seems to play a key role in HC -0,57; 0,001 -0,40; 0,034 -0,47; 0,011 -0,57; 0,002 increased content of GOP and the index of fibrosis. Northerners had an increased WC/HC -0,39; 0,038 -0,44; 0,019 – -0,43; 0,024 levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9, whereas TG -0,47; 0,018 -0,61; 0,001 – -0,47; 0,016 the level other enzymes (MMP-2, MMP- cholesterol – -0,45; 0,022 – – 3) did not differ from the control group LDL – -0,45; 0,025 – – (Table. 1). The levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-4 in northerners were increased, Apo B – -0,47; 0,017 – – while TIMP-2 level was similar to those Atherogenic coefficient -0,46; 0,025 -0,41; 0,045 -0,42; 0,042 – of the comparison group. MMP-1 – – 0,55; 0,018 – Notably, the TIMP-4 level in blood plasma of miners in the European North TIMP-4 – – 0,48; 0,040 – did not differ from those of Finnish middle- TIMP-4, ng/ml 1,62±0,14 1,17±0,11 0,020 aged men, who had no symptoms of cardiovascular disease [15]. The authors correlation between anthropometric 40–59 year old men]. Vopr. Med. Khim., noted the direct association of TIMP-4 indicators (BMI, WC, HC) and all forms 1980, Vol. 26, № 4, P. 464–470. concentration with age, LDL, thickness of GOP. There was a significant inverse 5.L.B. Kim [et al.]. Polovye of the carotid artery intima-media, and relationship of medium strength between gormony i kardiovaskulyarnyj risk u systolic blood pressure, which show triglyceride and tGOP, fGOP, prGOP; as muzhchin gornorabochih v usloviyah the effect of TIMP-4 on the process of well as between cholesterol, LDL, Apo Evropejskogo Severa [Sex hormones atherogenesis. B, and fGOP; between atherogenic and cardiovascular risk in male mining Thus, fGOP level increase can be coefficient and tGOP, fGOP, peGOP. We workers living in the European North]. attributed to increased levels of MMP- established a direct correlation between Fiziologiya Cheloveka. 2016, Vol. 42, № 1 and MMP-9, and a significantly MMP-1 and TIMP-4 with peGOP 2, P. 92–99. increased level of another GOP forms, reflecting the dependence of this form of 6.P.N. Sharaev [et al.]; ed. prof. peGOP, can be attributed to the high GOP on regulatory system. R.R. Kildiyarovoj. Soedinitelnaya tkan values ​​of TIMP-1 and TIMP-4. However, v detskom vozraste [Connective tissue TIMP-1 and TIMP-4 inhibitory effect on References during childhood]. Izhevsk, 2005, 152 p. MMP-9 was insufficient. 1.Kim L.B. Transport kisloroda pri 7.Faller D.M. Shields D. Anthropometric indices northerners adaptacii cheloveka k usloviyam arktiki Molekulyarnaya biologiya kletki did not differ from those of comparison i kardiorespiratornoj patologii [Oxygen [Molecular biology of the cell]. Moscow: group (Table. 2). There were no transport in human adaptation to the BINOM Publ., 2003, 272 pp. differences in the content of cholesterol Arctic conditions and cardiorespiratory 8.Shishkin G.S. Ustyuzhaninova N.V. and triglycerides. Contents of LDL, HDL, diseases]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2015, Funkcionalnye sostoyaniya vneshnego Apo A1 and Apo B corresponded to the 216 pp. dyhaniya zdorovogo cheloveka reference values, but varied between 2.Ginsar Е.А. [et al.] [Functional state of respiration in healthy the groups. Atherogenic coefficient Rasprostranennost metabolicheskogo human]. Novosibirsk: Publ. SB RAS, exceeded the limit in both groups, but sindroma i ego struktura v zavisimosti ot 2012, 329 pp. the risk of cardiovascular disease on a massy tela u rabotayushchih muzhchin 9.Falanga V. Low oxygen tension scale of SCORE was significant only in g. Mirnogo [The prevalence of metabolic stimulates collagen synthesis and the group of northerners (Table. 2). It syndrome and its pattern in relation col1A1 transcription through the action is important that the results of men in to body weight in working males of of TGFβ1 / V. Falanga, L. Zhou, T. Yufit the European North were similar to the the town of Mirny, Republic of Sakha // J. Cell Physiol. – 2002. – Vol. 191, Is. results of men (40.4 ± 0.6 years) working (Yakutia)] .Prof. med., 2010, Vol. 13, № 1. – P. 42–50. at the mine in Mirny (North Asia). For 1, P. 37–41. 10.Hypoxia-induced increase in example, total cholesterol content in 3.A.P. Avtsyn [et al.]. Patologiya the production of extracellular matrix blood serum in a group of overweight cheloveka na severe [Human pathology proteins in systemic sclerosis / J.H. men (25.0-29.9 kg / m2), was 5.25 in the North]. Moscow: Meditsina, 1985, Distler [et al.] // Arthritis Rheum. – 2007. ± 0.07 mmol / l, HDL was 1.21 ± 0.02 416 pp. – Vol. 56, № 12. – P. 4203–4215. mmol / l, TG was 1.30 ± 0.05 mmol / l, 4.E.A. Bazanov [et al.]. Pokazateli 11.Kelly D.M. Testosterone and and atherogenic coefficient was 3.66 ± obmena kollagena soderzhanie lipidov cardiovascular risk in men / D.M. Kelly, 0.10 SU [2]. ciklicheskogo 3´,5´-AMF i nekotoryh T.H. Jones // Front. Horm. Res. – 2014. The relationship between collagen gormonov v plazme krovi muzhchin 40– – Vol. 43. – P. 1–20. metabolism and lipid metabolism in 59 let [Collagen metabolism indices, and 12.Lennquist S. Urinary excretion northerners is presented in Table 3. plasma concentrations of lipids, cyclic of hydroxyprolines in man under the There was a reverse medium strength 3’,5’-AMP, and certain hormones in influence of cold / S. Lennquist // Scand. 2’ 2016 7

J. Clin. Lab. Invest. – 1975. – Vol. 35, Is. Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns centercem.ru; 2. – P. 103–107. Study / M. Oikonen [et al.] // Scand. J. Putiatina Anna Nikolaevna (Putyatina 13.Relation of total and free Clin. Lab. Invest. – 2012. – Vol. 72, Is. A.N.) - Researcher, PhD, putyatina@ testosterone and sex hormone-binding 7. – P. 540–546. ngs.ru; globulin with cardiovascular risk 16.Varghese Z. Plasma Kozhin Pyotr Mikhailovich (Kozhin factors in men aged 24–45 years. The hydroxyproline fractions in patients with P.M.) - researcher; kozhinpm@gmail. Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns dialysis osteodystrophy / Z. Varghese, com; Study / S. Firtser [et al.] // Atherosclerosis. J.F. Moorhead, M.R. Wills // Clin. Chim. Gevorgyan Margarita Mailovna – 2012. – Vol. 222, Is. 1. – P. 257–262. Acta. – 1981. – Vol. 110, Is. 1. – P. 105– (Gevorgian M.M.) - Head of clinical 14.Tambo A. Testosterone and 111. and diagnostic department, PhD, Cardiovascular Disease / A. Tambo, [email protected]; M.H.K. Roshan, N.P. Pace // Open The authors: Russkikh Galina Sergeevna (G.S.) - Cardiovasc. Med. J. – 2016. – Vol. 10. FGBNU «Institute of Experimental researcher; PhD, [email protected]; – P. 1–10. and Clinical Medicine»; 630117, Voronina Natalia Petrovna (Voronina 15.Tissue inhibitor of matrix Timakov Street, 2, Novosibirsk: N.P.) - doctor of clinical laboratory metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP-4) in a Kim Elena Borisovna (Kim L.B.) diagnostics; PhD (Biology); population of young adults relations to - Chief Researcher, Head of the Kozaruk Tatiana Vladimirovna cardiovascular risk markers and carotid connective tissue biochemistry group, (Kozaruk T.V.) - doctor of clinical artery intima-media thickness. The MD, Associate Professor, lenkim@ laboratory diagnostics.

Krivoshapkina Z.N., Semenova E.I., Olesova L.D., Sofronova S.I. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD IN THE MEN, LIVING IN YAKUTIA RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

ABSTRACT We surveyed the men of Yakutia indigenous population (n = 150) living in rural and urban areas. The shift of lipid metabolism in the direction of dyslipidemia was observed in men in Central Yakutia, while among urban residents the signs of disadaptation were more marked. The men who lived in the north of Yakutia, there was no deviation from the norm. We revealed the correlation of lipid metabolism index (atherogenic index) with metabolic equilibrium index (De Ritis Ratio) that allows recommending the use of De Ritis Ratio for the formation of groups at risk of cardiovascular pathology and timely implementation of preventive measures. Keywords: indigenous population of Yakutia, the activity of enzymes, lipids, metabolic equilibrium, De Ritis Ratio.

Recent studies show that in today’s MATERIAL AND METHODS Roche» (Switzerland) using reagents socio-economic environment of geneti- In total we studied 150 indigenous “Biocon” (Germany). Calculation of LDL cally enshrined mechanisms of energy men of Yakutia aged 22 to 70 years cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) and metabolism in the restructuring of the (mean age 43.23 ± 1.23 yrs). People liv- LDL (cholesterol VLDL) was performed indigenous population is not enough [2, ing in the northern regions were 55, in according to the formula Friedewald et 4, 8, 9, 11, 14]. Increased metabolism of Central Yakutia: 68 living in urban area, al. (1972). Atherogenic coefficient was lipids needed for adaptation to the cli- in rural area - 27. Criteria of exclusion calculated according to the formula pro- mate and geographical conditions of the were: exacerbation of chronic diseases, posed by A.N. Klimov (1977): Ca = (cho- North, with a small amount of replenish- the presence of cancer, infections and lesterol - HDL cholesterol) / HDL-C. ment of reserves of the body can lead viral diseases. In addition, people with The study was approved by the deci- to pre-pathological changes in the body. coronary artery disease who underwent sion of the local Ethics Committee of the Currently functional exhaustion mani- heart attack and stroke were excluded. Yakult Science Center of complex medi- fested in the increase of cardiovascular To assess the objective state during cal problems. diseases among the indigenous popula- survey questionnaire was conducted, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION tion of Yakutia [1, 5, 6]. The role of lipid developed in FBGNU “Yakult Science Blood biochemical parameters in metabolism in the development of ath- Center of complex medical problems”; men living in rural areas in the north of erosclerotic vascular disease which is a we obtained informed consent of respon- Yakutia were varied in the range of nor- risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, dents to be studied, blood test. Blood for mal values (Table). The relatively high early detection of changes in biochemi- biochemical studies was taken from the level of albumin in this group compared cal parameters involved energy metabo- cubital vein on an empty stomach in the with the Central Yakutia residents can lism is important. morning, 12 hours after a meal. be attributed to the increased energy Purpose of the study. Detection of Determination of biochemical pa- metabolism, as one of the important maladjustment biochemical parameters rameters was carried out by enzymatic functions of albumin is him participation of blood in indigenous men depending method on an automatic biochemical an- in the transport of fatty acids. In addi- on place of residence. alyzer «Cobas Mira Plus» company «La tion, albumin is the low molecular anti- 8 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL oxidant. In rural men of Central Yakutia atherogenic and antiatherogenic choles- showed that atherogenic factor had a above normal values were gamma-GT terol fractions (HDL) is preserved[10]. direct link with the place of residence and alkaline phosphatase. In this group, In our study, shift of lipid metabolism (r = 0.293, p = 0.000). Direct conjugate compared to the northern rural men ac- in the direction of dyslipidemia was ob- relation with coefficient atherogenic had: tivity of alkaline phosphatase was signifi- served in men in Central Yakutia, while γ-GT activity (r = 0,357, p = 0.000), se- cantly higher, creatine kinase, ALT (ala- in the urban dwellers disadaptative signs rum uric acid (the low molecular weight nine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate were distinct. Men living in the north of antioxidant) (r = 0,356, p = 0.000) and aminotransferase), and creatinine were Yakutia had no abnormality. Dyslipid- serum creatinine (r = 0,228, p = 0.016). significantly associated with a lower lev- emia in men in Central Yakutia indicate Besides atherogenic factor had direct el of glucose. The high activity of these failure due to genofenotypically mecha- communication with ALT levels (r = enzymes may be related to the mainte- nisms of adaptation to extreme envi- 0.385, p = 0.000) and AST (r = 0.224, nance and restoration of the total protein ronmental factors. Factors of depletion p = 0.007), indirect communication with level through on the glucose-alanine of functional reserves of the body are the coefficient de Rytis (r = - 0.247, p = shunt: the combustion of substrates with not only a departure from the traditional 0.003). the participation of AST, maintaining glu- way of life and diet, but also social and CONCLUSION cose levels with the participation of ALT economic reforms carried out in recent 1. The most pronounced disadapta- and increasing transport of amino acids decades. Conducted in Yakutia medi- tion changes of blood biochemical pa- with the participation of gamma-GT. The cal and social research has shown that rameters were found in urban men who increase of alkaline phosphatase in the high levels of trait anxiety among rural had departed from the traditional way of blood, not only provides the dephos- residents, primarily was associated with life and, perhaps, the traditional food. phorylation and glucose output from the low quality of life [11]. A prolonged state 2. Identified correlation indicator of cell, but also forms a large amount of of emotional stress is one of the causes lipid metabolism disorder (atherogenic inorganic phosphate affecting bioenergy of failure of adaptive reactions of the or- index) with an indicator of metabolic in the cell and the organism as a whole. ganism [3, 9]. equilibrium (coefficient de Rytis) can be Significant increase in serum creatinine These significant differences in the recommended to use a coefficient de and creatine kinase, which is part of the activity of enzymes show different inten- Rytis to form groups at risk of cardio- CK-system is probably related to a com- sities of adaptive metabolic processes, vascular disease and timely preventive ponent of ATP and increased the body’s depending on the place of residence. measures. need for energy substrates. One of the indicators of metabolic bal- The men living in urban areas in Cen- ance is a de Rytis factor, since the activ- REFERENCES tral Yakutia demonstrated high activity of ity of AST and ALT are a simplified com- 1. Andreev B.V., Egorova creatine kinase, and a high level of cre- mon metabolic marker: ALT - the level of N.E. Itogi realizatsii meropriyatiy atinine may be associated with the adap- anabolism, AST - a level of catabolism po sovershenstvovaniyu okazaniya tation of indigenous people to urban con- [12]. meditsinskoy pomoschi sosudistyim ditions, depending on the CPC-system Metabolic balance is achieved within bolnyim v Respublike Saha (Yakutiya) (including creatine, phosphocreatine, 1.3-1.5. In study conducted by us as- za 2011-2013 gg. [The results of the creatinine) is the transfer of phosphate signed genetic resistance to the ex- implementation of measures to improve energy of mitochondrial ATP in the cell treme conditions of the North is kept in the care of vascular patients in the base. Roslyj I.M. et al. consider cre- the northern men. In Central Yakutia low Republic Sakha (Yakutia) for 2011- atine kinase (CK) completely stress- levels of factor de Rytis combined with 2013]. Materialy II respublikanskoy dependent enzyme, which is a measure high atherogenic indicate a depletion of nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii of the implemented energy potential of functional reserves of the body and is a «Sovershenstvovanie okazaniya the organism. At rest, creatine kinase sign of disadaptation. medicinskoy pomoschi bolnym s can be determined (zero activity), but Such biochemical parameters of sosudistymi zabolevaniyami v Respublike when any stress, creatine kinase activity blood as cholesterol, glucose and total Saha (Yakutiya) » [Proceedings of is increased to virtually unlimited values protein are an absolute constant. The the II Republican scientific-practical [12]. On maladaptive changes in blood sum of two summands - cholesterol and conference “Improving patient care biochemical parameters among urban glucose - rigid biological constant and in with vascular disease in the Republic of males also indicate that exceed activity healthy people it is equal to 10.0 mmol / l. Sakha]. Yakutsk, 2014, p. 7 -11. ALT and glucoses level. At an energy deficit it is caused reciproc- 2. Vasil’kova T.N., Mataev S.I. 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4. Gyrgol’kau L.A., Shcherbakova Table 1 L.V., Ivanova M.V. Soderzhanie lipidov v krovi i chastota dislipoproteinemij u Biochemical parameters of blood in men, depending on the place of residence korennyh zhitelej Chukotki [Blood lipid levels and frequency of dyslipidemia at The inhabitants Villagers Urban residents the native people of Chukotka]. Bulletin Biochemical parameters of the northern Central Yakutia of Central SB RAMS, 2011, V. 31, № 5, P. 79 - 83. regions (n=55) (n=68) Yakutia (n=27) 5. Egorova A.G., Romanova A.N., Yakovlev R.V. Vliyanie uslovij i obraza zhizni na formirovanie boleznej sistemy Lactate dehydrogenase, U / L 389,12±18,62 379,12±8,39 419,09±22,12 krovoobrashcheniya u trudosposobnogo naseleniya [Influence of environment and lifestyle on the formation of diseases Gamma-GT, U / L 40,58±3,73 56,57±5,92 44,46±9,42 of the circulatory system in the working population]. Yakut Medical Journal, 2009, №3 (27), P. 45 - 47. 270,40±8,53 Alkaline phosphatase, U / L 214,47±11,60 228,78±17,71 6. Ivanov K.I. Ambulatorno- *p=0,000 poliklinicheskiy registr serdechno- sosudistyih zabolevaniy po dannyim 284,45±52,98 Respublikanskogo kardiologicheskogo 130,63±9,69 Creatine kinase, U/l 109,83±9,56 *р=0,000 dispansera [Register outpatient *р=0,015 **р=0,005 cardiovascular disease according to the Republican Cardiology Clinic] Materialy II 28,45±2,17 34,63±4,07 ALT, U / L 18,33±1,37 respublikanskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy *р=0,000 *р=0,000 konferencii «Sovershenstvovanie 33,91±3,22 32,30±1,96 okazaniya medicinskoy pomoschi AST, U / L 24,11±1,18 bolnym s sosudistymi zabolevaniyami *р=0,007 *р=0,000 v Respublike Saha (Yakutiya) » 1,28±0,06 1,21±0,15 [Proceedings of the II Republican. Coefficient de Rytis 1,50±0,08 Scientific-practical conference *р=0,032 *р=0,015 “Improving the provision of medical 1,04±0,07 care to patients with vascular disease in Triglycerides, mmol / l 0,86±0,06 1,08±0,12 the Republic of Sakha]. Yakutsk, 2014, *р=0,038 P.130-132. 6,0±0,25 Cholesterol, mmol / l 5,30±0,14 5,79±0,15 7. Krivoshapkina Z.N., Mironova *р=0,016 G.E., Semyonova E.I., Olesova L.D. Biohimicheskij spektr syvorotki krovi HDL-C, mmol / l 1,58±0,07 1,49±0,05 1,48±0,12 kak pokazatel’ adaptirovannosti zhitelej Yakutii k severnym usloviyam 3,80±0,15 LDL-C, mmol / l 3,32±0,12 3,94±0,31 [Biochemical of blood serum as indicator *р=0,044 of adapting of the northern inhabitants of 0,68±0,11 Yakutia to northern conditions]. Human 0,48±0,03 VLDL-C, mmol / l 0,39±0,03 *р=0,001 Ecology, 2015, № 11, P. 19 - 24. *р=0,026 **р=0,024 8. Manchuk V.T., Nadtochij L.A. 3,44±0,32 Sostoyanie i tendencii formirovaniya Coeff. atherogenicity 2,69±0,18 3,17±0,19 zdorov’ya korennogo naseleniya Severa *р=0,035 i Sibiri [The state and tendencies in the 5,65±0,21 4,24±0,06 formation of the health in native people Glucose, mmol / l 4,78±0,08 *р=0,000 *р=0,000 of the North and Siberia]. Bulletin SB **р=0,000 RAMS, 2010, V. 30, № 3, P. 24 - 32. 93,67±3,19 9. Panin L.E., Usenko G. 82,04±1,21 Creatinine, mmol / l 74,09±2,33 *р=0,000 A. Trevozhnost’, adaptaciya i *0,001 **р=0,003 donozologicheskaya dispanseri [Anxiety, adaptation and preclinical medical examination]. Novosibirsk, 2004, 315 p. Urea, mmol / l 4,88±0,25 5,31±0,14 5,15±0,83 10. Panin L.E. Gomeostaz i problemy pripolyarnoj mediciny (metodologicheskie aspekty adaptacii) Uric acid, μmol / l 280,23±9,96 309,45±11,51 309,22±22,08 [Homeostasis and problems of circumpolar health (methodological aspects of adaptation)]. Bulletin SB Total protein, g / l 78,29±0,67 78,71±0,47 77,54±1,09 RAMS, 2010, V. 30, № 3, P. 6 - 11. 11. Egorova A.G., Krivoshapkina Z.N., Matveeva N.P. [et al.]. Albumin, g / l 49,66±0,67 48,85±0,49 47,62±0,83 Psihoehmocional’nye faktory i ih svyaz’ 10 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL s dislipidemiej u trudosposobnogo stressa u cheloveka v vysokih mechanisms of adaptation FGBNU naseleniya [Psychoemotional factors shirotah [Modern understanding of the “Yakut Scientific Center of complex and their association with dyslipidemia mechanisms of formation of Northern medical problems”; 677019, Yakutsk, in the working population]. Jakutskij stress in humans at high latitudes]. Sergeljahskoe shosse, 4; kunsuntar@ medicinskij zhurnal [Yakut Medical Human Ecology, 2012, № 1, P.3 - 11. mail.ru. Journal], 2009, № 4, P. 57-60. Olesova Ljubov’ Dygynovna – 12. Roslyj I.M., Abramov S.V., Authors: candidate of biological sciences, the Pokrovskij V.I. 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Olesova L.D., Krivoshapkina Z.N., Semenova E.I., Yakovleva A.I., Efremova S.D. THE FREQUENCY OF DYSLIPIDEMIA AMONG THE ARCTIC REGION POPULATION OF YAKUTIA

ABSTRACT Biomedical research of the indigenous Arctic population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) for 1994 and 2013 showed reduction in the proportion of people with normal cholesterol level and increase of proportion of the individuals with borderline high and high cholesterol. There has been growth of triglyceride level as well. High cholesterol is not always accompanied by a shift towards the atherogenic changes, in 75% of men and 76% of women increased cholesterol level can be considered as a consequence of the process of adaptation to changing conditions of life. The imbalance in lipid profile was identified also in people with normal cholesterol level, which is indicating the need for a mandatory determination of lipid fractions, regardless of its level. The tension of regulatory mechanisms of metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, associated with atherogenic changes in lipid profile requires assessment of all risk factors and mandatory correction of the diet. Keywords: adaptation, indigenous people, lipid metabolism, atherogenic changes.

Violation of adaptation of the of the quality of life, when to the natural of Saskylah Anabar district Sakha indigenous inhabitants of the Arctic risk factors, were added difficult socio- Republic (Yakutia). observed in recent decades is confirmed economic, health infrastructure and MATERIAL AND METHODS by the demographics. The average anthropogenic factors [11, 16, 19, 24]. In the spring season of 1994 in a duration of life of northerners of Russia Stress factors, the gradual departure cross-sectional epidemiological study decreased by 11 to 14 years, mortality has from the traditional lifestyle and change we examined a random sample of the increased in 1.4 times in comparison with of diet, increased in recent years, could indigenous population of Saskylah industrialized northern countries [20]. In not fail to affect homeostatic body Anabar district Sakha Republic (Yakutia). the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) in the Arctic systems, in particular on the regulation We surveyed 134 indigenous people (22 group of regions the coefficient of total of lipid metabolism. The imbalance men and 109 women). The average age mortality of the working-age population in lipid profile towards atherogenic is was 38.8±1.19. In April 2013 in the village by 2012 against 1990 increased in 2.5 regarded as one of the major risk factors we surveyed 170 people aged 18 to 75 times, and it is significantly higher than of cardiovascular diseases. years (107 women and 63 men). The average republican index. The process Therefore, the evaluation of lipid average age of patients was 46.6±0.77 of depopulation is associated primarily metabolism of the indigenous population years (men were at the age 46.3±1.53; with high mortality from diseases of the of the Arctic region in dynamics is women - 46.8 ± 0.90). To identify circulatory system (345.7 per 100.000) relevant in the justification of increasing changes in the level of cholesterol and [8], although until recently the incidence the efficiency of preventive measures triglycerides of them we selected a group of hypertensive heart disease, coronary for preservation and strengthening of of 139 individuals in the appropriate age- disease and obesity among the small health, improvement of quality of life of sex structure as the sampling of 1994 peoples of the Russian North has been indigenous peoples of the North. (29 males, 110 females, average age of at a rather low level [2, 13, 21]. The The purpose of the study was to them 38.8±1.19). All study participants deterioration of population health in the assess the frequency of the atherogenic were representatives of indigenous Arctic is associated with the deterioration lipid profile of the indigenous population populations: Yakuts, Evens and Evenks. 2’ 2016 11

The study was approved by the by 19%. The increase of cholesterol developing atherosclerosis was detected local Committee on biomedical ethics levels was observed by increasing in 30% of men and 37% women (table of “Yakut scientific center of complex the content as triglycerides, LDL 1). medical problems” was and carried out cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. The The average percentage of subject to voluntary informed consent of increase of cholesterol levels was atherogenic shifts according to the ratio participants. observed by increasing the content as of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, Biochemical parameters were triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and determined by enzymatic method using cholesterol. Lipids atherogenicity is according to Ka does not have significant standard kits on a biochemical analyzer. detected not only in persons with high gender differences. In the examined In the morning on an empty stomach total cholesterol, but also those whose population the proportion of persons with serum, we take into account the activity level of total cholesterol is within normal atherogenic shift in lipid profile among of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), values, i.e. there is a destabilization of men was on average 25% (23%, 26,9%, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma- the balance of the lipid profile. On the 25,3) respectively), among women the glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), glucose, concept of Panin L. E. (1978) metabolic average - 24% (22,3%, 28,8%, 22% total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), adaptation of indigenous people to the respectively). In the remaining 75% of cholesterol of high density lipoproteins rigors of high latitudes was accompanied the surveyed men and 76% of women (HDL cholesterol). The concentration by the formation of “polar metabolic a high level of total cholesterol has not of low density lipoproteids cholesterol type” with increasing energy the role of atherogenic changes (table 2). (LDL cholesterol) and cholesterol of protein and fat. Lipid metabolism of the Percentile distribution of indicators lipoproteins of very low density (VLDL Northern peoples in comparison with the of markers of atherogenic and cholesterol) was calculated by the migrant population was characterized by frequency of atherogenic disorders formula of Friedewald et al. [26]. To lower blood levels of total cholesterol, According to the other authors assess the atherogenic lipid profile of triglycerides and higher levels of among the indigenous population of blood were used the following markers antiatherogenic fraction of lipoproteins the Gornyj and Zhigansky districts of of atherogenicity: the ratio of total [1, 6, 7, 10, 15]. Yakutia, hypercholesterolemia in 80% cholesterol to cholesterol of lipoproteins In men with normal content of of cases in men and 87 % in females of high density (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol atherogenic violation is was not accompanied by a shift in the cholesterol) (more than 5); cholesterol observed in 20% of patients, and for direction of atherogenic fractions and low-density lipoproteins to high (LDL women to 43% depending on the was compensated adaptive in nature cholesterol/HDL LPV) (3.3) [19, 25]. indicators of atherogenic markers. [18]. Negative correlation of marker of

The atherogenic coefficient (Ka) was Among persons with borderline high atherogenic and de Rytis coefficient calculated by the formula proposed by A. total cholesterol (> 5.2 mmol/l) risk of indicates a metabolic shift, since the V. Klimov (1990): CA=total cholesterol- HDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (<3.0).

Ka 4.1 is used as an indicator of risk of development of atherosclerosis. Statistical processing of obtained results was performed using the statistical package SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Quantitative data are represented as averages (M) and standard error of the mean (m) under the normal distribution. The statistical significance of differences was determined by paired t-Student test for independent samples, the threshold level of statistical significance The frequency of atherogenic disorders, depending on the level of cholesterol was considered at value of p < 0.05. Correlation analysis was carried out by Table 1 the method of Spearman. THE RESULTS AND THE The frequency of atherogenic infringements depending on the level of cholesterol DISCUSSION The change of lipid metabolism of TC, TC/HDL chol. LDL chol / HDL chol Atherogenic coefficient Saskylah indigenous people for 19 years mmol/l > 5 > 3,3 > 4,1 is characterized by growth of average level of total cholesterol (TC) by 10.7%, Men Women Men Women Men Women reduction in the share of persons with an “optimal” level of total cholesterol (<5.2 20 14,2 20 19,4 20 43,9 <5,20 mmol/l) by 19%; increase the proportion (8/40) (14/98) (8/40) (19/98) (8/40) (43/98) of persons with “borderline high” (5,21 - 6,19 mmol/l) and “high” levels of total ≥5,20 29,4 28 41,1 34 29,4 26 cholesterol (≥6.2 mmol/l) in 15% and <6,20 (5/17) (14/50) (7/17) (17/50) (5/17) (13/50) 4%, respectively (Fig.). 33,3 59,1 33,3 59,1 33,3 59,6 ≥6,20 The proportion of violations of the (2/6) (13/22) (2/6) (13/22) (2/6) (13/22) cholesterol in dynamics, % Average triglyceride levels increased Note. The data presented in the format % (n/N). 12 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

connection with high glucose level is a Table 2 testament to the regulation tension of Percentile distribution of indicators of markers of atherogenic and frequency of metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. atherogenic disorders Great importance for the prevention of atherosclerosis would be correction The share of the violated traditional diet of the Percentiles of persons indigenous population of the Arctic. parameter n with a 10 25 50 75 90 violation , REFERENCES n (%) 1. Krivoshapkina Z.N., Mironova Men G.E., Semenova E.I., Olesova L.D. 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A., Shcherbakova ulus of Sakha (Yakutia)] // Uspekhi Northern Siberia] // Profilakt. i klinich. L.V., Ivanova M. V. Soderzhanie lipidov sovremennogo stestvoznaniyae [The Medicina [Preventive and Clinical v krovi i chastota dislipoproteinemij u successes of natural science]. – 2011. - Medicine]. – 2009. – № 1. – p. 66–69. korennyh zhitelej Chukotki [Blood lipid №8. - p. 71. 9. Uvarova T.E., Burtseva T. E., levels and frequency of dyslipidemia in 10. Chashchin V. P., Gudkov Safronova S.I. [et al.] Lipidnyj profil’ native people of Chukotka] // Byulleten’ A.B., Popova O.N. [et al.]. i osobennosti narushenij lipidnogo SO RAMN [Bulletin of Siberian Branch of Harakteristika osnovnyh faktorov riska obmena u korennyh malochislennyh Russian Academy of Medical Sciences]. narushenij zdorov’ya naseleniya, narodov Severa Yakutii [Lipid profile - 2011. - V. 31, № 5. - p. 79–83. prozhivayushchego na territoriyah and the peculiarities of violations of lipid 4. Klimova T. M., Fedorova aktivnogo prirodopol’zovaniya v Arktike metabolism in the indigenous peoples of V.I., Baldahinova M.E., Krivoshapkin [Characteristics of the main risk factors the North of Yakutia] // Dal’nevostochnyj V.G. Soderzhanie holesterina i risk of health disorders of the population medicinskij zhurnal [Far East medical ateroskleroza u sel’skogo korennogo living in areas of active environmental journal]. – 2012. – № 3. – p. 85–88. naseleniya respubliki Saha (Yakutiya) management in the Arctic] // Eрkologiya 10. Manchuk V. T., Nadtochij L.A. [Cholesterol and risk of atherosclerosis cheloveka [Human Ecology]. – 2014. - Sostoyanie i tendencii formirovaniya in the rural indigenous population of the № 01. - p. 3-12. zdorov’ya korennogo naseleniya Severa Sakha Republic (Yakutia)] // Ehkologiya 11. Chanchaeva E.A. K voprosu i Sibiri [Status and trends of formation of cheloveka [Human Ecology]. - 2014. ob adekvatnosti pitaniya aborigennogo health of the indigenous population of -№4. - p. 22-27. naseleniya Sibiri [To the question of the the North and Siberia] // Byulleten’ SO 5. Gil’mundinov V.M., Kazanceva adequacy of nutrition of the indigenous RAMN [Bulletin of Siberian Branch of L.K., Tagaeva T.O. Sostoyanie zdorov’ya population of Siberia] // Ehkologiya Russian Academy of Medical Sciences]. naseleniya Rossii i prichiny ego cheloveka [Human Ecology]. – 2010. – - 2010. – V. 30, № 3. – p.24-32. uhudsheniya [The state of health of the № 3. – p. 31–34. 11. Osipova O.V. Polovozrostnaya Russian population and the causes of its 12. Dobiasova M., Frohlich J. The struktura naseleniya arkticheskoj zony deterioration] // EHKO [EKO]. – 2009. – plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as YAkutii [The age and sex structure of the № 2. – p. 125–143. an atherogenic index: correlation with population of the Arctic zone of Yakutia] 6. Ivanova A.A., Aprosimov L.A., lipoprotein particle size and esterification // Regional’nye problem [Regional Potapov A.F., Timofeev L.F. Sravnitel’nyj rate in apo B- lipoprotein-depleted problems]. - 2013. - V.16, №2. – p. 137- analiz obshchej smertnosti naseleniya plasma. (FERHDL). Clin Biochem. 2001, 142. razlichnyh grupp rajonov Respubliki 34, pp. 583-588. 12. Panin L.E. Adaptaciya i Saha (YAkutiya) v 2010 g. [Comparative 13. Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I., pitanie cheloveka v ehkstremal’nyh analysis of the overall mortality rate Fredrickson D.S. Estimation of the usloviyah Arktiki [Adaptation and human of different groups of districts of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein nutrition in extreme conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2010] // cholesterol in plasma, without use the Arctic] // Innovacii i prodovol’stvennaya Dal’nevostochnyj medicinskij zhurnal preparative ultracentrifuge // Clinical bezopasnost’ [Innovation and food [Far East medical journal], 2012. -№4. chemistry. – 1972. - №18. - P. 499-502. security], 2013.-№3. - p.131-134. –p.109. 13. Panin L.E. Gomeostaz 7. Strategiya razvitiya Arkticheskoj Information about the authors i problemy pripolyarnoj mediciny zony Rossijkoj Federacii i obespecheniya 1. Olesova Luibov Dygynovna, (metodologicheskie aspekty adaptacii)/ nacional’noj bezopasnosti na period PhD, Head. laboratory biochemical L.E. Panin [Homeostasis and problems do 2020 goda (utv. Prezidentom RF) mechanisms of adaptation FGBNU of circumpolar medicine (methodological [The development strategy of the Arctic «Yakut Scientific Center complex aspects of adaptation)] // Byulleten’ SO zone of the Russian Federation and medical problems,» 677010, Yakutsk, RAMN [Bulletin of Siberian Branch of national security for the period until Sergelyakh highway, 4; 8 (4112) 447857; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences], 2020 (approved. The President of the [email protected]; 2010. – V. 30, № 3. - p. 6-11. Russian Federation][e-document] URL: 2. Krivoshapkina Zoya Nikolaevna, 1. Sannikova YA.M. Problemy http // government.ru/news/432 (date of PhD, senior Scientist r of the laboratory razvitiya tradicionnyh otraslej access: 25.02.2014). of biochemical mechanisms of arkticheskogo hozyajstva (na primere 8. Tihonov D.G. Arkticheskaya adaptation FGBNU «Yakut Scientific YAkutii) [Problems of development medicina [Arctic medicine] / D.G. Center of complex medical problems», of traditional branches of the Arctic Tihonov; Ros. akad. med. nauk, Sib. Otd- 677010, Yakutsk, Sergelyakh highway, economy (on the example of Yakutia)] // nie, YAkut.nauch.centr kompleksnyh 4; 8 (4112) 447857; [email protected]; 14 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

3. Semenova Evgenia Ivanovna, 4. Yakovleva Alexandra Ivanovna, 5. Efremova Svetlana PhD, Senior Scientist of studying the junior Scientist of the laboratory of Gmitrievna, researcher, laboratory mechanisms of adaptation FGBNU biochemical mechanisms of adaptation of immunopathology FGBNU “Yakut “Yakut Scientific Center of complex FGBNU “Yakut Scientific Center of Scientific Center of complex medical medical problems”, 677010, Yakutsk, complex medical problems”, 677010, problems”, 677010, Yakutsk, Sergelyakh Sergelyakh highway, 4; 8 (4112) 447857; Yakutsk, Sergelyakh highway, 4; 8 highway, 4; 8 (4112) 447857; esd@mail. [email protected]; (4112) 447857; [email protected]; ru.

P.V. Mokrushnikov, L.P. Osipova, T.V. Goltsova, A.A. Rozumenko ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE MICROVISCOSITY IN THE POPULATION OF SAMBURG VILLAGE

ABSTRACT We studied the indices of relative microviscosity of the erythrocyte membranes in the two groups of inhabitants of the village Sumburgh Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: indigenous (tundra and forest Nenets) and non – indigenous arrived from central Russia. We revealed a significant increase in microviscosity of lipid-lipid interactions in the native women aged 46-55 years (p <0.05) compared with the non – indigenous ones. Increased membrane microviscosity may obstruct erythrocytes passage through microcapillary channel and lead to the development of the northern hypoxia. Keywords: microviscosity of erythrocyte membranes, the indigenous people of the North, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.

INTRODUCTION and increase in erythrocyte membrane vein after 10-12 hours of night fasting. Climate conditions of the North microviscosity with raising the Erythrocyte ghosts were obtained by regions impel the human organism concentration of hormones (cortisol, haemolysis in a hypotonic phosphate to change its level of homeostasis. adrenalin, noradrenalin, androsterone, buffer (pH 7.35) containing 2.75 mM This affects the biochemical reactions, and testosterone) in the ghost KH2PO4 and 8.5 mM Na2HPO4. Ghosts functioning of cell membranes, and suspension [1]. This is caused by a were sedimented by centrifugation at rheological properties of blood. A change simultaneous interaction of carbonyl 5500 g, the supernatant was decanted. in relative microviscosity of membranes and hydroxo groups of the hormones Ghosts were obtained and stored at 4°C. can serve as a marker of the metabolic with CO and NН2 groups of membrane Microviscosity of erythrocyte membranes state of cells. It is known from the proteins and phospholipids [11]. was measured on a RF-5301(PC)SCE literature that microviscosity of human The objective of the work was to (Shimadzu) spectrofluorimeter by a membranes increases with age, which investigate age-related changes in technique reported elsewhere [9,10]. is related to an excess of cholesterol erythrocyte membrane microviscosity Statistical treatment was carried [1], accumulation of lipid peroxidation in non-indigenous and indigenous out with Statistika 9.0 software (LPO) products, and changes in the population of Samburg village (YNAO). using nonparametric statistical composition of phospholipid bilayer. MATERIALS AND METHODS methods (Mann-Whitney rank sum Therewith, biological membranes Material for the study was collected test). Membrane microviscosity was become rigid and porous, the cell shape during the expeditions to the Yamal- measured at the Shared Equipment is distorted [1]. The state of erythrocyte Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2012- Center of Spectrometric measurements membranes changes with alteration of 2014 by researchers from the Laboratory (FSBI Research Institute of Biochemistry the lipid composition of blood [5] and of population ethnogenetics at ICG SB (Novosibirsk). in type 1 and 2 pancreatic diabetes [9]. RAS under the supervision of Ph.D. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION These changes show up as a decrease (biol.) Osipova L.P. Blood donations Relative microviscosity of erythrocyte in fluidity (an increase in microviscosity) were obtained in compliance with membranes was measured in of membranes, which is attributed to the international rules using the informed indigenous and non-indigenous men glycolysis of membrane proteins and to consent from volunteers who were and women that were divided into four the action of insulin, which is involved in practically healthy at the time of the groups according to their age: 25-35, the activation of LPO and facilitates the study. The study involved indigenous 36-45, 46-55 and 56-65 years. The growth of intracellular calcium level [2]. persons and non-indigenous population study showed a significant increase in An increase in erythrocyte of Samburg village (latitude 67°0’ north, relative microviscosity of membranes membrane microviscosity may be longitude 78°25′ east), Purovsky district, by 26% (P < 0.05) in the region of lipid- caused by a decreased content of YNAO. Overall 136 inhabitants (60 men lipid interaction in indigenous men of the main antioxidant, tocopherol, and and 76 women) 25 – 65 years of age age 56-65 as compared to the group accumulation of lipid peroxidation were examined. Among them were 98 of indigenous men of age 25-35. No products (diene conjugates) as well as representatives of indigenous nation significant differences were found in lysoforms of phospholipids, which can (tundra and wood Nenetses) and 38 – other groups. disturb the diffusion of gases (CO , O ) non-indigenous Caucasian inhabitants 2 2 A significant age-related increase in through erythrocyte membranes [6,8]. of Samburg village. relative microviscosity of membranes Our earlier in vitro study demonstrated Blood was taken from the ulnar was revealed also in women (Table). 2’ 2016 15

in the study of cells, membranes and Table lipoproteins]. Moscow: Nauka, 1989, Relative microviscosity (L) of membranes in the region of lipid-lipid and protein-lipid 324 p. interaction for women 3. Ishutina N.A. Perekisnoe okislenie P lipidov i mikrovjazkost’ membran Relative microviscosity (L) Lipid-lipid P jeritrocitov u zhenshhin s obostreniem of membranes region Protein-lipid gerpes-virusnoj infekcii [Lipid region peroxidation and erythrocyte membrane microviscosity in women with acute 1. Indigenous women 0.43±0.04 0.44±0.03 herpes virus infection] Dal’nevostochnyj of age 25-35 (n = 9) medicinskij zhurnal [Far East Medical 1-3, р < 1-3, р < 0.01 Journal], 2012, V. 34, № 1, Р. 59-61. 2. Indigenous women 0.01 0.47±0.03 0.47±0.03 4. Kunitsyn V.G. Mokrushnikov P.V. of age 36-45 (n = 17) Panin L.E. Mehanizm mikrocirkuljacii jeritrocita v kapilljarnom rusle pri 3. Indigenous women 0.61±0.02 – 0.62±0.02 – fiziologicheskom sdvige pH [Mechanism of age 46-55 (n = 16) of erythrocyte microcirculation in capillary 2-4, р < 2-4, р < 0.01 4. Indigenous women 0.01 vessels at physiological changes of pH]. 0.61±0.03 0.62±0.02 of age 56-65 (n = 14) SNMZh, 2007, V. 5, № 127, P. 28 – 32. 5. Mokrushnikov P.V. Vlijanie 5. Non-indigenous women pH na poverhnostnoe natjazhenie 0.44±0.03 0.46±0.02 of age 25-35 (n = 8) vzvesi jeritrocitov [The influence of 6. Non-indigenous women pH on surface tension of suspended 0.48±0.06 – 0.50±0.08 – of age 36-45 (n = 4) erythrocytes]. SNMZh, 2010, V.1, № 147, Р. 38 – 46. 3-7, р < 0.05 7. Non-indigenous women 0.50±0.05 0.55±0.05 – 6. Panin L.E. Gomeostaz i problemy of age 46-55 (n = 4) pripoljarnoj mediciny (metodologicheskie aspekty adaptacii) [Homeostasis and 8. Non-indigenous women 0.57±0.05 – 0.65±0.06 – problems of circumpolar medicine of age 56-65 (n = 4) (methodological aspects of adaptation)], SNMZh, 2010, V. 30, P. 6-11. Indigenous women of age 56-65 literature. 7. Panin L. E. Mokrushnikov showed a significant increase in relative The main cause is insufficient P.V. Vzaimodejstvie sinteticheskih microviscosity of membranes by 42% oxygen delivery to tissues due to proizvodnyh vitamina E na reologicheskie in the regions of lipid-lipid and protein- deterioration of rheological properties svojstva jeritrocitarnyh membran [Effects lipid interaction in comparison with the of blood. Such deterioration can be of synthetic vitamin E derivatives on the group of indigenous women of age produced, in particular, by This can rheological properties of red blood cell 36-45. A significant increase in relative result from an increase in the blood membranes] Vestn. Nov. Gosud. Ped. microviscosity in the region of lipid- concentration of cholesterol, which Univ., 2013, V. 5, № 15, Р. 101-110. lipid interaction was found in the group raises the concentration of cholesterol 8. K. Kon, N. Maeda, M. Sekija of indigenous women of age 46-55 as in erythrocyte membranes. Cholesterol [et al.] A method for studying oxygen compared to non-indigenous women molecules penetrate into lipid bilayer, diffusion barrier in erythrocytes: Effects of the same age (Table). It seems thus increasing the membrane of haemoglobin content and membrane interesting that erythrocyte membrane microviscosity [1]. cholesterol. J. Physiol. (Gr. Brit.), 1980, microviscosity starts to increase earlier Conclusion V. 309, P. 569-590. in indigenous women (after 46 years of It was shown that erythrocyte 9. Panin L.E. Mokrushnikov age) as compared to non-indigenous membrane microviscosity in indigenous P.V. Kunitsyn V.G. [et al]. The women (after 56). women of age 46-55 significantly interaction mechanism of cortisol Under the conditions of Far North, exceeds this parameter in non- and catecholamines with structural an elevated energy demand of the indigenous women. This may be related components of erythrocyte membranes/ body requires an intense consumption to adaptation of the female organism to // Journal of Physical Chemistry B. – of fat, so the human organism should conditions of the North. 2010. – V. 114. – P. 9462-9473. move from carbohydrate diet to the 10. Panin L.E. Mokrushnikov lipid one [6]. A growing role of fats in REFERENCES P.V. Kunitsyn V.G. [et al.] Interaction energy metabolism of the body creates 1. Panin L.E. Mokrushnikov P.V. mechanism of anabolic steroid an increased oxygen demand of tissues Knyazev R.A. [et al.] Gormony stressa i hormones with structural components that is needed for intense oxidation koronarnyj sindrom H (jeksperimental’nye of erythrocyte membranes. Journal of processes. An increased microviscosity issledovanija) [Stress hormones and Physical Chemistry B, 2011, V. 115, P. (rigidity) of erythrocyte membranes coronary syndrome X (experimental 14969-14979. hinders the passage of erythrocytes studies)]. Atherosclerosis, 2012, V. 8, № 11. Tsuda K. Insulin and membrane through the capillary bed [4, 5, 7]. Such 2, Р. 5-13. microviscosity of erythrocytes as risk conditions can induce the development 2. Dobretsov G.E. Fluorescentnye factors for stroke. Stroke, 2003, V. 54, of north tissue hypoxia. Several causes zondy v issledovanii kletok, membran № 3, Р. 154-159. of such hypoxia are reported in the i lipoproteinov [Fluorescent probes 12. Waczulikova I. Sikurova L. 16 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

Carsky J. [et al.] Decreased fluidity Associate professor, Chair of physics, [email protected] of isolated erythrocyte membranes in FSBEI Novosibirsk State University Goltsova Tatiana Vladimirovna type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The effect of Architecture and Civil Engineering Scientific Secretary, Federal of resorcylidene aminoguanidine. Gen. (Sibstrin), Leningradskaya str. 113, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Physiol. Biophys, 2000, V. 19, № 4, P. Novosibirsk, 630008, Russia; pwm64@ “Research Institute of Biochemistry”, 381-392. ngs.ru Timakova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Osipova Lyudmila Pavlovna Russia; [email protected] Information about authors: Ph.D. (biol.), Head of Laboratory of Rozumenko Aleksandr Anatolievich Mokrushnikov Pavel Valentinovich population ethnogenetics, Federal State Ph.D. (biol.), Senior researcher, Ph.D. (phys.-math.), Senior researcher, Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Laboratory of medical biotechnology, Laboratory of molecular cell biology, Research Center Institute of Cytology Federal State Budgetary Scientific Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Institution “Research Institute of Institution “Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Biochemistry”,, Timakova str. 2, Biochemistry”, Timakova str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Academician Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia; alexandr. Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Lavrentyev Avenue, 10; [email protected].

FORMATION OF THE PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN AND ADULT POPULATION OF THE NORTH

M. P. Dutkin, E. P. Yakovleva GENDER EDUCATION IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AMONG THE PEOPLES OF THE ARCTIC ZONE

ABSTRACT Russia occupies one of the first places in the world by the level of children’s and adolescents suicides. In Russia itself, in the number of suicides the northern regions are in the leading position, where mainly small in number people live. The problem of suicide among indigenous people is typical not only for Russia but also for other countries in the Arctic zone, including highly- developed countries, such as Canada and the United States. Suicide worldwide is predominantly «male» phenomenon. An important reason for suicidal behavior is a weakening of the institution of the family - «paternity crisis.» The lowest suicide rate is observed in the regions of North and South Caucasus countries, due, apparently, to the development of folk pedagogy of the Caucasus, where the fathers mainly bring up boys. Thus, an important task in the prevention of youth suicide in the Russian Federation is a gender education, which implies the return of interest in the origins of folk pedagogy and strengthening the institution of paternity. Keywords: suicides, children’s and teenage suicides, the high level of suicide among indigenous youth in the Arctic, «paternity crisis,» the father’s absence, incomplete family, folk pedagogy of the Caucasus, the prevention of suicidal behavior, gender training.

Suicidal behavior is currently the By the level of children’s and teen- problem of suicide among indigenous global socio-psychological problem. Ev- age suicides, Russia ranks one of the peoples of the North are character- ery year more than 800 thousand people first places in the world. In Russia itself, istic not only for Russia but for other commit suicide. Therefore, the World in the number of suicides the north- countries of the Arctic zone, including Health Organization (WHO) considers ern regions are in the leading position, highly developed, such as Canada and suicide prevention a public health care where mainly indigenous people live. the USA. In the US the rate of suicide priority. In 2014 the first WHO report In the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) the among the indigenous population of “Preventing suicide: a global impera- rate of suicide among younger adoles- Alaska (Inuits, Aleuts, Tabaski, Haida, tive’’ aimed at understanding by the pub- cents aged 10-14 years is 13,4 cases of Tlingit) in 3.3 times exceeds the average lic health care suicide significance was suicide per 100 thousand, while among for the country [9]. The highest rate of published. In the WHO actions Plan on youth 15 to 19 years reaches to 74,2 suicide is among aboriginal youth aged mental health for 2013-2020 States - per 100 thousand (for comparison: in 20 to 29 years [10]. WHO members committed themselves Moscow region the level of suicide in Due to “Strategy for the circumpo- to achieving the global target of reducing this age group is 4,4 per 100 thousand) lar Inuit health in 2010 – 2014” data in the suicide rate in countries on 10% by [14]. Among the indigenous population Canada the frequency of suicide among 2020 [14]. of Yakutia, the rate of suicide is in 4 the Inuits is in 6-11 times higher than the Particularly alarming in recent years times higher than that recorded among average figure for the rest of the popu- is the increase of suicides among teen- the non-indigenous population. This in- lation [12]. Moreover, the frequency of agers. According to WHO, the number dicates the decrease in the level of re- suicides in the regions inhabited by the of suicides among persons aged 15-24 silience of the titular nations and is a Inuits, over the past 15 years increases. years has increased in 2 times. In 2012 consequence of the negative social pro- Of particular concern is the fact that 51% suicides ranked second as the cause of cesses occurring in the Arctic regions. of the suicide rate in Inuit regions of death of adolescents and adults. As the world practice shows, the Canada fall to the share of men younger 2’ 2016 17 than 25 and 14% of women of the same came a subject of mass controversy and of masculinity, no one to teach them age. The suicide rate in average for Rus- scientific debate [3]. the ability to withstand life’s challenges. sia in 2005 was 32.2 per 100 thousand Actually on a weakening or inefficien- They feel a sense of inferiority and strive people and among indigenous peoples cy of paternity the Old Testament proph- to overcome that feeling. Overcoming a of the North in 3-4 times more often. In ets, and the ancient Greeks of the clas- sense of inferiority, according to A. Adler, the early 90-ies of XX century in East sical period, and the French enlighteners leads to two different forms of behavior: Greenland, the suicide rate reached and Russian writers of the nineteenth 1) aggressive behavior during puberty 1500 on 100 thousand population – the century, for example, F. Dostoevsky as a result of overcompensating (weak highest figures recorded in the world! complained. The author of the book “Fa- trying to look strong, seems cowardly The global level of completed suicides therless America” Dr. J. Blankenhorn, hero); 2) “deviate” behavior. A portion of is 16 cases per 100 thousand population Director of the Institute for American adolescents can compensate the feel- per year. In recent years the number of values, calls the fatherless “the most de- ing of inferiority. This “decompensate” is suicides among youth in Nuuk has de- structive trend of our generation” [8]. The expressed in the appearance and con- clined significantly, but in the rest of the absence or weakness of father’s begin- solidation in the nature of such negative West Greenland it is not decreasing, and ning strongly statistically associated with traits as shyness, isolation, anxiety and in the East Greenland it is still the high- all psychological and social pathologies suspiciousness. est [12]. – crime, violence, drug and alcohol de- N. B. Semenova as a result of their The formation of mental health of chil- pendence, poor academic performance, expedition trips found in indigenous dren in the Arctic regions of our country suicide and mental disorders. Almost youth of the North, peculiarities of emo- and abroad is influenced by a variety of 80% of Americans, who responded to tional-personal sphere, which lie in the factors, among which the main role play the questionnaire by Gallup in 1996, ac- increased level of anxiety, insecurity, family environment, and social and envi- knowledged the paternity the most seri- suspiciousness, an increased level of ronmental factors [4]. ous problemof modern times [11]. guilt, negative feelings [4]. An important factor of suicide is the In modern Russia, about half of mar- The low number of suicides in the weakening of the family institution and riages end in divorce, and in the West Republics of the North Caucasus and destruction of internal harmony of family two-thirds of marriages fail. According to Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, relationships. The weakening of the in- the state statistics Committee in 2007, Georgia) can be explained not only by stitution of the modern family in different for every 100 marriages accounted for the influence of the factor of religion. It is countries is the nature of the disease of 54 divorces in 2013 per 100 marriages believed that the population professing the century, especially for economically accounted for 53 of the divorce. These Islam, are less prone to suicide, since developed countries. Not only the uncer- data demonstrate the crisis of the institu- this religion condemns such behavior. tainty of public life, but the disorder in his tion of the family and a huge number of While, in Armenia, Georgia, the Republic personal life and loneliness can serve children growing up without a father. of North Ossetia, where the population is as a motive to suicide. Among the en- Especially adverse situation of incom- Christians, suicide rates are also low: in croaching upon their lives the high pro- plete families is in the Arctic zone of the Armenia, the rate of suicide in 1985 was portion is of single, divorced, widowed, Russian Federation. Conducted by doc- 2.3 per 100 thousand population, and in but it is well known fact that sometimes tor of medical sciences N. B. Semenova 2003 to 1.8 per 100 thousand popula- family miseries often lead to the decision analysis of families by number of spous- tion; in Georgia the figure in 1985 was to kill herself. es revealed a high prevalence of single- 4.6 per 100 thousand population, and in The basis for the development of parent families among the indigenous 2001 to 2.2 [13]. painful personality traits that play a role population of the Sakha Republic (Yaku- Socio-economic conditions in this re- in the occurrence of suicidal behavior tia) [4]. In the Northern regions of the Re- gion of the world are not the best. The in adverse situations are conditions of public, every third family is incomplete thesis of the founder of suicidology E. development in childhood and ado- (32.2%); in the Central regions - 27.6%, Durkheim about the direct correlation lescence. According to V. S. Efremov, in southern areas - 22.6%. between suicide rate and social living MD more than 60% of suiciders were That for boy it is essential to have fel- conditions is not confirmed here [1]. brought up in a single-parent family, the lowship with the father, wrote the famous Paradoxically low rate of suicide in breakdown of which occurred at the age American suicidologist E. Shneidman in the Republics of the North Caucasus when the child was not yet 8 years [2]. his book “The Suicidal Mind”: “a Man and Transcaucasia allows making a Surviving parent families were charac- with suicidal tendencies said that his fa- conclusion about the direct relationship terized by a complex emotional relation- ther never loved him, and throughout his between people’s education in the Cau- ship, periodic conflicts, immersion into life he symbolically unsuccessfully look- casus and the suicidal index. Methods own personal experiences, formal inter- ing for this love... In the identity of these of folk education in the Caucasus are est in the fate of the children. Suiciders people was lack of the internalized fig- effective in the prevention of suicidal be- were characterized by a constant feeling ure of their endorsing father, which (like havior. of neglect in childhood and adolescence. healthy heart) is needed for a long life” The main feature is a clear accentua- Doctor of philosophical sciences I. [7]. tion on the formation of gender identity. Kon believed that a large role in increas- An absence of a father, single-parent At the age of seven education for boys ing rate of suicide play a fatherless state, families, especially for boys, is, thus, one in the Caucasus, passed into the hands the physical absence of the father in the of the main suicide provoking factors. of men, accustoming them to exclusively family, the insignificance and poverty of Suicide, as we know, in general is the male occupations. The boys usually ro- paternal contact with children compared phenomenon of “men” (men commit sui- tate in a circle of adults, could be present to maternal, pedagogical incompetence cide 3-4 times more often than women). when men were talking (though had no of fathers, their disinterest and inability Modern boys brought up by single moth- right to interfere in their affairs). to perform the educational functions be- ers, have no one to take the example Folk pedagogy of the Caucasians 18 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL sharply condemned self-love, self- least such male traits like “persistence” tionary time]. Grozny, 1981, PP. 67-92. praise, conceit, envy and lies [5]. Great and “perseverance” in the Arctic youth. 6.Hollis D. Pod tenyu Saturna: mu- attention was paid to the education of the You need to attract men to work in the zhskie psihicheskie travmy I iih istsele- children of such moral traits such as dis- system of additional education. The me- nie [Under the shadow of Saturn: men’s cipline, sense of collectivism, obedience, dia should create an “aura of masculin- trauma and their healing]. Moscow: respect for parents and elders, loyalty ity” around a man of the North, as this is Kogito-Center, 2005, 106 p. in friendship, love of country. The boys presented, for example, in the Discovery 7.Shneidman E. Dusha samoubiytsyi were brought up by persistence and TV show “The Boys from the Yukon”. [The Soul of a suicide]. Moscow: Smyizl, dedication, the girls – up by patience. Suicide is a complex issue and there- 2002, 315 p. Prevention of suicidal behavior fore suicide prevention requires the 8.Blankenhorn D. Fatherless Amer- among the peoples of the Arctic must coordination and cooperation of differ- ica: Confronting our most urgent social be based on gender education, which ent sectors of society, including health, problem. New York: Harper Perennial, was previously ignored by suicidolo- education and the mass media. These 1995, 336 p/ gists. Gender identity is stored lifelong, efforts must be comprehensive and in- 9.Hill R. Perkins R. Wexler L. An as a rule, and it is produced in children tegrated, since no single approach can analysis of hospital visits during the if this behavior is modeled in front of the have an impact on an issue as complex 12 months preceding suicide death in child and is accepted by others, which is as suicide. Northern Alaska. Alaska medic. 2007, achieved when the man shows the boy a Vol. 49, № 1, PP. 16-21. sample of male behavior, and the mother References: 10.Goldston D. B. Molock S. D. Whit- encourages such actions. 1.Durkheim E. Samoubiystvo. Sotsio- beck L. B. [et al.] Cultural considerations In accordance with such a statement logicheskiy etyud [Suicide. A study in in adolescent suicide prevention and the words of the Russian teacher K. sociology]. St. Petersburg: Soiuz, 1998, psychosocial treatment. Amer. Psychol., Ushinsky that education created by the 496 p. 2008, Vol. 63, № 1, PP. 14-31. people and based on national basis, has 2.Efremov V. S.Osnovyi suitsidologii 11.National Center for Fatherlinq the attractive force, which is not in the [Fundamental of suicidal science]. St. (NCF)/ 1996/ Gallup/ Poll on Fatherling, best systems, based on abstract ideas - Petersburg: Dialect, 2004, 480 p. “Fathers in America”. http://www. Fa- become relevant. 3.Kon I. S. Sachem nuzhnyi ottsyi thers. Com /research/ gallup. html. At the present time, when many boys [Why do we need fathers]. Moscow: 12.https:// www.inuitcircumpolar.com have low self-esteem, suffer from anxi- Zvesda, 2006, №12, PP. 124-145. 13.https://lossofsoul.com.DEATH/sui- ety and insecurity, the experience of folk 4.Semenova N. B. Deti Yakutii: realii i cide/statistic.htm pedagogy is of particular importance. buduschee [Children of Yakutia: Reality 14.https://www.who.int The revival of gender education in and Future]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2014, modern conditions will be met enormous 226 p. The authors: challenges, as globalization has already 5.Khasbulatova Z. I. Obryadyi, oby- Dutkin Maxim Petrovich, candidate led to the dominance of women in all ichai I poverya chechentsev I ingushey, of philosophical sciences, associate sectors of the economy and politics, the svyazannyie s rozhdeniem I vospitaniem Professor of neurology and psychiatry, loss of truly masculine character traits in detey v dorevolyutsionnom proshlom. Medical Institute M. K. Ammosov NEFU, the recent representatives of the “strong” Etnografiya I voprosy religioznyih vozz- Yakutsk, Russia. e-mail: maksdutkin@ sex. The education of boys in our femi- reniy chechentsev I ingushey v dorev- mail.ru; nized society women did, from ‘’Kinder- olyutsionnyiy period [Rites, customs and Yakovleva EvdokiaPavlovna, candi- garten’’ through to University. beliefs of the Chechens and Ingush, as- date of philosophical sciences, associate If we want to avoid the depopula- sociated with the birth and upbringing Professor of philosophy M. K. Ammosov tion of the Arctic, we must look back at of children in the prerevolutionary time. NEFU, Department of philosophy, St. our past and try to revive the principles Ethnography and religious beliefs of the Kulakovsky, 42, Yakutsk, Russia. of national education, to try to revive at Chechens and Ingush in the prerevolu- 2’ 2016 19

L. A. Malysheva, F. A. Zakharova, A. A. Strekalovskaya AGE AND WOMEN’S HEALTH IN THE PERIMENOPAUSE

ABSTRACT To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors and the structure of morbidity in women - M.K. Ammosov NEFU workers during premenopause under the annual medical examination of the NEFU employees we questioned and examined 50 women aged 43-70. The most common pathologies in the examined women break down as follows: arterial hypertension, mammary glands pathology (mastopathy), endocrine system pathology, gynecological disorders. More than 50% of the surveyed women have signs of type 2 metabolic diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, 51.9% of the women had arterial hypertension. Keywords: premenopause, metabolic syndrome, body mass index, cardiovascular diseases.

Background Results and discussion female patients with BMI of more than The issue of preserving health at The most common pathologies in the 24 and WHR of more than 0.76 can be different stages of ontogeny, reducing examined women breakdown as follows: attributed to the group with an increased morbidity and premature mortality, arterial hypertension – 51.9%, mammary risk for developing NIDDM [7]. BMI and slowing down the aging, ensuring glands pathology (mastopathy) – 48.1%, WHR, along with the data of biochemical working capacity of women is one of the endocrine system pathology – 48.1%, studies, serve as clinical methods of the leading areas in biomedical research [8, gynecological disorders. IHD occurred survey, allowing suspecting NIDDM on 1]. in 25.9%. the early stages, when the disease is Clinicians are particularly interested Table 1 presents the morbidity level manifested by only symptoms of anxiety in perimenopause, which includes (%) and patterns. and depressive state under changing the three phases of menopause: Anthropometrically, the average hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, which premenopause, menopause, and height of women was 160.3 cm (ranging is similar to the symptoms of menopause. postmenopause. To date, it is assumed from 151 to 170 cm), weight – 75.6 Estrogen deficiency, which develops that a variety of clinical manifestations kg (ranging from 50 to 100 kg), BMI – with age, is the cause of a number of in this period is due to the wide range 28.2+5.9. The women in the range of cardiovascular diseases. In Russia, of endocrine status changes at all levels 151-159 cm made 48.1%. The standard the mortality rate from cardiovascular of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian BMI was found in 29.2% of the women, diseases ranks first, well ahead of system associated with involutional overweight women (BMI≥ 25 kg/m²) the risk of dying of breast cancer. The processes in ovaries and their decreased made 33.3%, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) frequency of this disease is increasing hormonal functions. About 60-80% of – in 37.5% (Figure 1). especially in postmenopausal women. women have clinical signs of estrogen The distribution of the adipose tissue With the frequency of hypertension in deficiency [3], which is accompanied by was assessed by waist-hip ratio. WHR premenopausal women in Moscow at neurovegetative, metabolic and psycho- was considered high with the index 8.2%, in postmenopausal women this emotional disorders [9]. value ≥ 0.8. High WHR was found in figure rises to 52%. These indicators It is known that the activity of a majority of the women with overweight increase both the risk of ischemic university lecturer is characterized by and obesity, which indicates abdominal heart disease by 3 times and stroke increased psycho-emotional, nervous form of obesity. –by 7 times. The progressive rate of and long-hours teaching load. They have According to some researchers, hypertension (HT) in women after 50 to work a lot on the computer, which leads Table to inactivity. All these factors worsen the Morbidity level and patterns (%) in the women climacteric syndrome during menopause and contribute to the development of MS Diseases % and a range of various diseases. In its 1. IHD 25.9 turn, the metabolic syndrome is a major pathogenetic trigger in the development 2. Hypertension 51.9 of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 3. Diabetes mellitus 22.2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). 4. Thyroid gland pathology 25.9 Material and methods The survey aimed to identify activity 5. Gastrointestinal tract diseases 11.1 of metabolic syndrome risk factors and 6. Hepatobiliary disorders 22.2 morbidity patterns in NEFU women in 7. Kidney diseases 7.4 the premenopause period. Under the annual health survey of NEFU staff, we 8. Musculoskeletal and locomotor system disorders 22.2 questioned and examined 50 women 9. Mastopathy, mastitus 48.1 aged 43-70 employed by NEFU (the 10. Endometritis 25.9 average age made 56.8 years). The main criterion for random sampling of 11. Ovarian cyst 11.1 the women was the perimenopause 12. Endometriosis 7.4 condition. 13. Uterine fibroids 37.0 20 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

BMI obesity have an increased risk of developing such pathological conditions as impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin dependent type II diabetes (NIDDM). In the recent years, numerous studies have been focused on non-insulin dependent type II diabetes (NIDDM), under which insulin resistance (IR) develops. The analysis of a number of indicators characterizing the features of metabolic disorders shows that female patients with BMI greater than 24 and WHR of more than 0.76 can be attributed to the group with an increased risk for developing NIDDM [5]. Conclusion Figure1. BMI distribution (%) The main symptoms of MS in women years, with little change in this index in The violation of fat metabolism is during menopause are as follows: men, suggests a possible role of sex an important factor that increases the high body mass index, obesity, arterial hormone deficiency as an additional risk incidence of cardiovascular diseases. hypertension and insulin resistance. factor for hypertension [2]. The onset of menopause is accompanied According to the results of our study, over 50% of the surveyed women have The leading risk factor for developing by changes in the atherogenic blood lipid symptoms of metabolic syndrome cardiovascular pathology during profile, namely increased cholesterol and can be attributed to the group perimenopause is metabolic syndrome in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with an increased risk for developing (X syndrome), which manifests itself in and decreased cholesterol in high- NIDDM and cardiovascular diseases. the form of reduced glucose tolerance, density lipoproteins (HDL), as well In particular, 51.9% of the women had dyslipidemia, along with the central as increased prevalence of obesity arterial hypertension. type of obesity, hypertension, and plays and diabetes mellitus [7]. A number of Recommendations a leading role in the development of epidemiological studies have shown As obesity and IR are the main causes atherogenesis process and violation of that after menopause, 60% of women experience an increase in body weight of MS pathogenesis, in order to prevent fibrinolytic activityof blood. their occurrence and progression, it is The etiology and pathogenesis of by 3.5-5 kg, as well as redistribution and accumulation of adipose tissue mainly necessary to follow a straight lifestyle: MS are studied quite well. However, eliminate excessive consumption of fats there is still no consensus on the main in the abdominal-visceral area (visceral type of obesity). and fast-digesting carbohydrates, do pathogenetic factors of MS, which causes regular exercise, minimize stress, avoid all the other symptoms. According The changes in the level of steroid hormones, especially estrogen, are alcohol and tobacco. When the first to some authors (G.V.Poryadin, L.N. symptoms of MS appear, it is necessary Oskolok, 2011), the main pathogenetic considered the etiological factors of metabolic disorders. The data on some to start the treatment of obesity, hyper- factors of MS are insulin resistance (IR) glycemia, arterial hypertension, and dys- and obesity. The genetic predisposition genes involved in the regulation of metabolism serve an evidence of the lipidemia. to the development of IR and obesity is genetic nature of metabolic disorders. a consequence of the presence of ‘thrifty In particular, this refers to the obesity References: genotype’–a complex of certain genes gene (obgen), discovered by Zhang 1. Anisimov V.N. Molekulyarnye ensuring survival of an organism under et al. in 1994. This gene encodes I fiziologicheskie mekhanizmy poor nutrition. In modern conditions, the production of leptin, a hormone stareniya (Molecular and physiological when a person moves little and produced by fat cells, and its receptors. mechanisms of aging). – Saint consumes a large amount of high-calorie It is believed that there is an interaction Petersburg: Nauka, 2008. food, the thrifty genotype contributes to between the hypothalamus-pituitary- 2. Britov A.N. Kontrol arterialnoi the development of obesity and IR. It is ovarian system and leptin, which acts gipertonii v profilaktike insultov (Arterial proved that IR directly depends on the as a bridge, adjusting food intake and hypertension control in strokes preven- degree of obesity and is diagnosed in being an affective saturation signal for tion) / A.N Britov, M.M. Bystrova, A.A. people who are overweight long before the hypothalamic centers that regulate Orlov // Klinicheskaya meditsina (Clinical the manifestation of diabetes mellitus. metabolism. Another important factor, Medicine). – 2002. – Vol.: 80. – №6. – P. However, 25% of people leading a potentially underlying the genetic 53-57. sedentary lifestyle develop IR regardless nature of obesity, is the reduced level of 3. Kulikov V.I., SmetnikV.P. / Kuli­ the body weight [7]. adrenal androgens, which possess anti- kovV.I., SmetnikV.P. – Moscow: Climac- The results of a population-based diabetic and anti-sclerotic properties. tericGuidelines, 2001. – 688p. study, being conducted over 12 years in Moreover, estrogens have an effect 4. Okorokov A.N. Metabolichesky women aged 38-60 years, suggest that on catecholamine secretion and sindrom (Metabolicsyndrome) // Diag- the risk factors for myocardial infarction accumulation, as well as on receptor nostika boleznei vnutrennikh organov are as follow: increasing WHR (waist-hip activity thereon in the CNS. On the local (Internal diseases diagnostics): Vol. 10. ratio); increased levels of triglycerides level, catecholamines regulate lipolysis Мoscow: Meditsinskaya literature (Medi- and glucose in serum; and hypertension by their receptors in fat tissue. cal literature), 2005. – P. 342–357. [4]. Women with android and visceral 5. Poryadin G.V., OskolokL.N. 2’ 2016 21

Pa­to­fiziologicheskie aspect ymetaboli- abolic syndrome) / Edit. G. E. Roitberg. zhurnal (Russian Open Medical Journal), cheskogo sindroma (Pathophysiological Moscow: MEDpressinform, 2007. – 2007. – № 3. – P.27-29 aspects of metabolic syndrome) //Lech- 224p. The authors ebnoe delo (General Medicine). – 2011.- 8. Smetnik V.P.,Iliina L.M., Novi­ 10. Malysheva Larisa Afanas’evna, № 4. – p. 4-10. kovaO.V. /SmetnikV.P.,Iliina L.M., Novi­ PhD, docent, MI NEFU, Yakutsk, Sakha 6. Romanova A.N. Metaboli- kovaO.V.– Moscow: Meditsina. Klimak- (Yakutia) Republic, Russia, e-mail: chesky sindrom I koronrny ateroskleroz teria (Medicine. Change of life), 2006. [email protected]; Zakharova Fedora u zhitelei Yakutii (Metabolic syndrome –847 p. Appolonovna, MD, Prof., MI NEFU, and coronary atherosclerosis in inhab- 9. Tsygankov B.D. Psikho­te­ Yakutsk, Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, itants of Yakutia) / Romanova A.N., Vo- rapevticheskaya korrektsiya psi­khi­ Russia, e-mail: [email protected]; evoda M.I., GolderovaA.S. // Newsletter ches­kikh narusheniy u zhenshchin v kli­ Strekalovskaya Alena Anatol’evna, of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of makt­ericheskom periode (Therapeutical PhD, docent, MI NEFU, Yakutsk, Sakha Medical Sciences, 2011. – №5. –P.90- orrection of psychiatric disorders in (Yakutia) Republic, Russia, e-mail: a_ 99. climacteric women /Tsygankov B.D., [email protected]. 7. Metabolichesky sindrom (Met- Taritsina T.A. // Rossiisky meditsinsky

Sevostyanova E.V., Mitrofanov I.M., Nikolaev Yu.A. IMPACT OF COMORBIDITY ON METEOSENSITIVITY IN HYPERTENSIVE RESIDENTS OF THE REPUBLIC SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

ABSTRACT Purpose. To study the correlation between severity of comorbidity and pathological meteosensitivity in the residents of the North with hypertension, as well as to evaluate some psychophysiological and biorhythmological factors that determine this correlation. Materials and methods. 347 patients with hypertension - alien inhabitants of the North, men and women in the age - 20-65 years, examined and treated at the Clinic of the FSBSO Scientific Center Experimental and Clinical Medicine (Novosibirsk), residing in the North (the Republic of Sakha, Yakutia) were investigated. The method used was the collection of clinical data and evaluation of pathological disorders of the major functional systems of an organism, phychophysiological parameters, as well as the severity of pathological meteosensitivity using the original computer system of screening assessment of disadaptive, meteopathic and pathological conditions «SCREENMED». Results. We described the most common pathological disorders at hypertension in the North: disorders of the endocrine system and metabolism; disorders of the sensory organs; of the central and peripheral nervous system; of liver. The association between the severity degree of comorbidity and the level of pathological meteosensitivity (r = 0.41, p <0.05) was found. The growth of cognitive disorders, disorders of sensory-motor functions, attention and desynchronosis with the increasing degree of comorbidity was revealed. Conclusion. The findings indicate that hypertension in alien inhabitants of the North is developing against the background of a pronounced degree of comorbidity. The correlation between severity of comorbidity at hypertension in the North and the level of pathological meteosensitivity, which is an important risk factor for hypertension in extreme environmental conditions is traced. Keywords: comorbidity, North, hypertension, meteosensitivity, psychophysiological functions.

Hypertension is a major health and medicine clinic. Comorbidity is defined on gender, age and socio-economic social problem in the world, representing as a combination of two and/or more characteristics is actively carried out [6]. the leading risk factor for cardiovascular syndromes or diseases, pathogenetically However, the questions of relationship morbidity and mortality [9, 10]. The interconnected or overlapping in time in between comorbidity in hypertension greatest significance of the problem of the same patient, regardless of the activity and disorders of human adaptation to prevention and treatment of hypertension of each [1].Among those persons with the specific environmental conditions of acquires in the northern regions of comorbidity higher mortality rates, higher the North remain unexplored. Russia, which occupy nearly two-thirds risk of hospitalization, lower quality of life Previously, it has been found of the country where two-thirds of its and reduced functional possibilities are that the most important factor in resource potential is concentrated [2]. It registered [1]. Of particular importance the development of hypertension in is in high latitudes where there are the in the formation of co-morbidity are the North is an increased and / or highest morbidity and mortality rates disorders of the cardiovascular system, pathologically changed meteosensitivity from hypertension and pronounced which are not only naturally, drawn up (pathological meteosensitivity) [8]. features of the pathogenesis and in the form of cardiac pathology, but Pathological meteosensitivity is one of course, associated with a reduction in also determine the further development the most important manifestations of the human organism adaptive resistance to of diseases (disorders, pathology) of human organism disadaptation to the extreme weather and heliogeophysical other physiological systems, since natural conditions [3, 11] and is defined factors [4, 2, 5]. it is the cardiovascular system that as the organism’s ability to respond Recently the issues of associated provides normal activity of all other to changes in climatic, meteorological diseases, which are considered in the systems of an organism. At present, the and heliogeophysical factors in the term of comorbidity, are becoming study of comorbidity prevalence in the form of development of pathological increasingly important in the internal middle and high latitudes, depending meteopatic reactions [3]. Despite of its 22 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL important role in the development of Table 1 pathology, the questions of relationship between comorbidity and pathological Indicators of adaptive capacity, in hypertensive patients with different degrees of meteosensitivity in hypertension in the comorbidity (M ± m) North remain unexplored. The aim of the study was to investigate Low Moderate High Р the relationship between comorbidity degree of degree of degree of and pathological meteosensitivity comorbidity comorbidity comorbidity in the residents of the North with (0-18) (19-37) (n=216) (38 and more hypertension, as well as assessment (n=46) points) of some psychophysiological and biorhythmological factors that determine (n=85) this relationship. Pathological 1.58±0.19 2.55±0.09 3.37±0.12 1-2=0.000013; OBJECT AND METHODS meteosensitivity, 347 patients with hypertension - point 1-3=0.000000; alien inhabitants of the North, men (n 2-3=0.000001 = 165) and women (n = 182) in age - LP SSMR of right 204.6±5.7 219.4±2.6 220.2±3.6 1-3=0.01 20-65 years with a mean age of 44.2 ± hand, msec 0.5 years, having been examined and LP SSMR of left 202.8±6.3 211.2±2.7 211.7±4.1 treated on the basis of Clinic of the hand, msec FSBSO Scientific Center Experimental Proofreading 9.5±0.4 8.3±0.2 7.7±0.3 1-3=0.002 and Clinical Medicine (Novosibirsk), test, points residing in the North (the Republic of Individual 49.6±3.3 45.2±1.2 42.1±1.9 1-3=0.03 minute, sec Sakha, Yakutia), were investigated. The Synchronization 6.1±3.9 4.8±3.6 4.4±3.9 1-3=0.02 study was conducted in accordance with of endogenous the Helsinki Declaration (in the revision and exogenous st of the 41 World Medical Assembly, rhythms, points 1989). Verification of diagnoses of the Note: LP SSMR - latent period of simple sensory-motor reaction. surveyed persons was carried out with the use of modern methods of clinical, Table 2 functional and laboratory diagnostics. Indicators of adaptive capacity, in hypertensive patients with different degrees of For study, the method of collection comorbidity (M ± m) of clinical data and evaluation of pathological disorders of the major Low Moderate High Р functional systems of an organism, degree of degree of degree of as well as evaluation of the severity comorbidity comorbidity comorbidity of pathological meteosensitivity using (0-18) (n=46) (19-37) (38 and more the original computer system of (n=216) points) screening assessment of disadaptive (n=85) meteopathic and pathological conditions “SCREENMED” (N of state registration Pathological 1-2=0.000013; - 970035 from 29.01.1997), was used. meteosensitivity, 1.58±0.19 2.55±0.09 3.37±0.12 1-3=0.000000; Also statistical analysis of medical point 2-3=0.000001 documentation was conducted. All LP SSMR of right 204.6±5.7 219.4±2.6 220.2±3.6 1-3=0.01 identified diagnoses in the form of clinical hand, msec LP SSMR of left hand, entities were taken into account. 202.8±6.3 211.2±2.7 211.7±4.1 Assessment of comorbidity was msec Proofreading test, conducted by the conventional method 9.5±0.4 8.3±0.2 7.7±0.3 1-3=0.002 points of measuring comorbidity - CIRS system Individual minute, 49.6±3.3 45.2±1.2 42.1±1.9 1-3=0.03 - the cumulative scale rating diseases sec (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale) [7]. Synchronization of Psychophysiological functions were endogenous and 6.1±3.9 4.8±3.6 4.4±3.9 1-3=0.02 determined according to assessment of exogenous rhythms, the totality of the psychophysiological points tests, included in the computer system Note: LP SSMR - latent period of simple sensory-motor reaction. “SCREENMED”. Proofreading test using Anfimov`s table, analysis of duration (StatSoft, USA) software package was applied. Correlation analysis was and variability of the latent periods of version 7.0. For comparison the average performed using Pearson’s parametric simple sensory-motor reactions; test to values, for a normal distribution, paired test for a normal distribution and determine the accuracy of subjective Student’s t test (t) was used. When the Spearman nonparametric test when perception and playback of time intervals distribution did not meet the criteria normal distribution was not observed. (individual minute test) were conducted. of normality, nonparametric U-test of Differences were considered statistically Statistical processing of the data Mann-Whitney was used. For multiple significant at p <0.05. was performed using STATISTICA comparisons correction of Bonferroni 2’ 2016 23

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION of proofreading tests than in patients vrach», 2010, 116 p. The average index of comorbidity (by with low degree of comorbidity (Table. 4. Zapesochnaya I.L. Avtan­ the CIRS system) for the total sample 2). dilov A.G. Zapesochnaya I.L. was 29.6 ± 0.5 points, in men – 27.0 ± Taking in consideration an important Osobennosti techenija arterial’noi’ 0.7 points, in women – 32.1 ± 0.7 points. role of the temporal organization of gipertonii v severnyh regionah strany The most common were combinations an organism and its synchronization [Features of hypertension in the northern of hypertension with disorders of with external factors in the processes regions of the country]. Klinicheskaja the endocrine system and metabolic of adaptation to the environment [8] it medicina, 2008, V. 86, №. 5, PP. 42-44. disorders - 92.5%; disorders of the seems to be important to investigate 5. Mataev S.I. Vasilkova T.N. sensory organs - in 83.5%; disorders the integrated indicators, characterizing Metabolicheskii’ sindrom na Krai’nem of the central and peripheral nervous the severity of chronobiological Severe [Metabolic syndrome in the Far system - 78.1%; disorders of liver - in disorders in the examined persons. North]. Tyumen: BIK TjumGNGU, 2011, 76.9% (Table 1.). Analyzes of biorhythmic characteristics 132 p. An index of pathological in the selected groups have showed 6. Nikolaev Yu.A. Sevos­ meteosensitivity in the sample was 2.6 ± that patients with high degree of tyanova E.V. Mitrofanov I.M. Po­ 0.07 points, in men – 2.3 ± 0.10 points, comorbidity have a higher degree of lya­kov V.Ya. Dolgova N.A. Oso­ in women – 2.8 ± 0.10 points. desynchronosis, than patients with low ben­nosti polimorbidnosti u pa­ To solve the main objective of the degree of comorbidity. Hypertensive cientov terapevticheskoi’ kli­niki study, all patients were divided into 3 patients with high degree of comorbidity kardiologicheskogo i gastro­jen­ groups depending on the degree of have a statistically significant lower tero­lo­gicheskogo profilja [Features comorbidity (by CIRS): Group 1 – low rates of synchronization of endogenous of poly­morbidity in cardiac and degree of comorbidity (0-18 points) (n = and exogenous rhythms and duration gastroenterological patients from a 46); moderate degree of comorbidity (19- of individual minutes as compared to therapeutic clinic]. Terapevticheskii’ 37 points) (n = 216) and high degree of hypertensive patients with low degree of arhiv, 2016, №1, PP.40-45. comorbidity (38 points or more) (n = 85). comorbidity (Table. 2). 7. Blood pressure control and An analysis of severity of pathological CONCLUSION knowledge of target blood pressure meteosensitivity in hypertensive patients The present study has revealed in coronary patients across Europe: with different degrees of comorbidity was that hypertension in alien inhabitants results from the EUROASPIRE III carried out. An increase in pathological of the North is developing against survey /C. Prugger, U. Keil, J. Wellmann meteosensitivity with increasing degree the background of a pronounced [et.al.] //J. Hypertens. – 2011. – Vol. 29. of comorbidity was revealed (Table. 2). degree of comorbidity. The association – N 8. – PP. 1641-1648. The correlation analysis showed between severity of comorbidity at 8. Hasnulin V.I. Northern a statistically significant (p <0.05) hypertension in the North and the cardiometeopathies / V.I. Hasnulin, relationship between the degree of level of pathological meteosensitivity A.V. Hasnulina, E.V. Sevostyanova. - comorbidity (by CIRS) and the level of is traced. The relationship of Novosibirsk, 2004. - 220 p. pathological meteosensitivity (r = 0.41). comorbidity and pathological 9. How to measure comorbidity: Previously, the importance meteosensitivity may be mediated by a critical review of available methods / of psychophysiological and the disorders of psychophysiological and V. De Groot, H. Beckerman, G. Lankhorst biorhythmological mechanisms in biorhythmological organism’s functions [et al.] // J.Clin.Epidemiol. – 2003. - the development of pathological important in the processes of adaptation № 56. – РP. 221-229. meteosensitivity was established [8]. to the natural conditions of the North. 10. Hypertensive in Russia are We have studied a number of indicators Pathological meteosensitivity, in its turn, interested in a healthier lifestyle: that characterize the physiological and as have been shown previously [8], is an results of the RELIF multicenter biorhythmological functions important important risk factor for hypertension in study / R.G. Oganov, S.N. Pogosova, in the process of organism’s adaptation the North. I.E. Koltunov [et.al.] //Eur. J. Cardiovasc. to the environment, in the hypertensive Prev. Rehabil. – 2011. – Vol. 18, № 2. – residents of the North with different REFERENCES PP. 224-232. degrees of comorbidity. Analysis 1. Belyalov F.I. Lechenie 11. Yackerson N.S. Possible of psychophysiological indicators vnutrennih boleznei’ v uslovijah effects of changes in the meteorological characterizing the cognitive and sensory- komorbidnosti [Treatment of internal state over semi-arid areas on the general motor functions, in the hypertensive diseases in terms of comorbidity]. well-being of weather-sensitive patients residents of the North with different Irkutsk, 2011, 305 p. /N.S. Yackerson, L. Bromberg, B. Adler, degrees of severity of comorbidity, 2. Gapon L.I. Shurkevich N.P. A. Aizenberg //Environ. Health. – 2012. showed a decline in sensory-motor Vetoshkin A.S. Gubin D.G. Arterial’naja – № 11. – P. 26. speed of response, increase in inhibitory gipertonija v uslovijah Tjumenskogo processes in the central nervous system, Severa. Desinhronoz i giperreaktivnost’ AUTHORS: reduction in the productivity of attention organizma kak faktory formirovanija Sevostyanova Evgeniya Viktorovna, and deterioration of cognitive processes bolezni [Hypertension in Tyumen North. PhD, senior scientist of the laboratory of among hypertensive residents of Desynchronosis and hyperreactivity somatic diseases pathogenesis, FSBSO the North with increasing degree of of the organism as factors of disease Research Insti­tute of Experimental and comorbidity. Hypertensive patients with formation]. M: Medicinskaja kniga, 2009, Clinical Medicine, 630117, Novosibirsk, high degree of comorbidity showed 208 p. Tima­kova 2, E-mail: luck.nsk@rambler. significantly higher rates of latent periods 3. Grigoryev K.I. Meteoprofilaktika ru; Phone: mob.89138974968 of simple sensory-motor reaction of the v pediatrii [Meteoprevention in Mitrofanov Igor Mikhailovich– MD, a right hand, and significantly lower rates pediatrics]. M.: Izdat. Dom «Russkii’ leading researcher of the laboratory of 24 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL somatic diseases pathogenesis, FSBSO Nikolaev Yuriy Alekseevich, MD, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research Institute of Experimental and Chief scientist, acting deputy director Medicine, 630117, Novosibirsk, Clinical Medicine; 630117, Novosibirsk, for research and clinical work, leader Timakova 2; E-mail: nicol@centercem. Timakova 2; E-mail: [email protected]; of the laboratory of somatic diseases ru; Phone: +7 (383) 334-83-12. mob. Phone: mob. 89139104936. pathogenesis, FSBSO Research 89039048746.

T.I. Ryabichenko, G.A. Skosyreva, E.P. Timofeeva, Yu.V. Kulakova, T.G. Kos’yanova, Yu.N. Patrusheva FEATURES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF THE MIRNYJ REGION THE REPUBLIC SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

ABSTRACT We present results of an analysis of chronic diseases of the central nervous system in children and adolescents in the region of Mirnyj in Yakutia. The pathology of the nervous system of the underlying disease was 34.8%. A high percentage of CNS pathology in children from an early age indicates that it is a consequence of undergoing intrauterine hypoxia on the background of the pathological course of pregnancy. Keywords: central nervous system, children, adolescents.

INTRODUCTION defined [1,3,4]. ric study included the questionnaires of The document “ The national strat- Study purpose: to analyze the fre- children and their parents with the use egy of actions in the interests of chil- quency of pathology of the Central ner- of validated Russian versions of several dren for years 2012 - 2017 “ deter- vous system being occurred at children questionnaires (assessment of personal, mines the measures on development of and adolescents in region Mirnyj (Yaku- social, psychological, mental health and healthy way of life, realization of moni- tia). quality of life). toring of the life’s quality of children, MATERIALS AND METHODS The verification of the clinical diagno- including emotional, communicative and In the special children’s hospital de- sis was carried out on the base of the psychosomatic components, the warn- partments in Novosibirsk 2875 children results of the patients’ assessment. Ac- ing of emergence and/or distribution of living in region Mirnyj (Yakutia) in age of cording to the standardized classification diseases, early detection, involving of 1 month up to 17 years are examined of ICD - X revision the primary and as- the health care technologies, effective and treated. The research was per- sociated diseases were diagnosed to organizing and medical technologies, formed in compliance with consent of each child. The underlying disease was technologies of complex diagnosis and children and their parents and with the accepted as that one, which is charac- early medical-and-social help to the permission of the Committee of Ethics, terized by the most serious changes of children with rejections in development in accordance with the standards of eth- any system and might result in chronic and health [5]. The state of health of chil- ics of the Helsinki Accord (adopted at illness and disability of the child. The dren’s population today is one of main the 59th WMA General Assembly, Seoul, statistical software package “Statistica directions of social politics in our coun- 2008). The research was carried out un- 6” was used for the statistical processing try. The importance of realization of this der the contract with the Ltd Society “AL- of the study results. statue is determined by the following: ROSA” for the period from 1993 till 2015. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the health of children largely is the in- The complex examination of children 2 875 people in age of 1 month till tegral indicator of the health quality, the included: complaints, data of anamne- 18 years were surveyed and treated fundamental basis for the formation of sis, date of survey of parents and chil- in specialized departments of the chil- the health potential of adult members of dren, the study of personal medical re- dren’s clinics in Novosibirsk during the society, because the number of popu- cords, physical examination, results of period of 1993-2015. lation able to work is being reduced. EEG, REG, M-ECHO of brain, MRT of All the children were accepted after The analysis of child morbidity according brain, X-ray of skulls in two projections the selection at the place of residence. to the official statistics in 2006-2015 tes- , X-ray of cervical spine with functional The children of town Mirnyj accounted tifies that the children’s health contin- tests, assessment of ocular fundus, for 72.2%, of the Mirnyj’s villages ( ues to deteriorate [1, 4]. During the last ECG, ECHO - KG, ultrasound exami- Udachny, Aikhal, Arylakh, Cherny- five years the frequency of the pathology nation of abdominal organs, ultrasound shevsky, Almazny, Svetly, etc.) - for 27.8 of diseases of the nervous system is examination of pelvic organs, assess- percent. The analysis of the distribution increased significantly [1, 2]. Depend- ment of the vegetative nervous system, of children as to the social status of par- ing on the number ( specific weight in assessment of the conjunctive tissue. ents showed that children of employees population) of children with damage of Along with the above mentioned com- in the Mirnyj region is accounted for central nervous system, with disabilities plex study the specific examinations 58.9%, children of workmen 41.1, the in intellect and behavior, the intellectual were performed in compliance with the majority of children living in the Mirnyj’s potential of the future society is being each type of pathology. The psychomet- villages – they are children of workmen 2’ 2016 25

(66.4%). birth. The following syndromes are mal brain dysfunction with cephalgias According to the age aspect the vast identified: cerebral palsy of shield (CP), syndrome, hyperactivity syndrome, dys- majority are children of the first 7 years hypertension&hydrocephalic syndrome, lexia, delayed behavioral development, of life (57.3%). Basic information about hyperosmolality, giovanbattista, minimal bedwetting, asteno-neurotic syndrome development of child was stated, as well brain dysfunction, cerebrasthenic syn- , syndrome of vegetative-vascular dys- as his diseases and treatment of dis- drome, delay in speech development. In function with paroxysmal states. There eases. The dynamic analysis showed addition, in 1 case we observed a giant was revealed also a cyst in the temporal that more than 2/3 of children were pre- cyst of the parietal-occipital region, as region, coarse organic lesion of CNS on viously treated at the place of residence, well as an arachnoid cyst in the left tem- the background of congenital abnormali- and 22% of children were examined poral region. We also identified 1 case of ties of the brain. Thus, CNS pathology and treated for the first time. Among the polyneuropathy, infectious-and-allergic is also characterized by chronic lesions. children who were placed into the hospi- genesis with a slight lower peripheral In the age group of children of 13-17 tals in Novosibirsk boys prevailed (1579 paresis. years the CNS pathology was at 37.5%. boys and 1296 girls). Notable is the fact Cerebral palsy is motor impairment These were children with vegetative- that, since 2000 the number of teenag- at children with sequelae of perinatal vascular dystonia of puberty period of ers has increased till 38.6 % of the total brain lesions that include: dystonic at- the mixed type, asthenic-neurotic, ceph- number. tack, hyperkinesis, increased pastanesi algias and cerebro-asthenic syndromes. In the structure of diseases accord- reflexes. In the neurological status were In addition, idiopathic epilepsy, infantile ing to classification ICD-X for the period observed: the increase or decrease of autism, microadenoma of the pituitary from 1993 till 2015 the following struc- muscle tone, hyperreflexia, develop- gland, neuropathy, a variant of Charcot- ture of diseases is noted: pathology of mental delay, oculomotor symptoms. Marie of the 3rd type, Wakea syndrome - CNS- 34,8%, pathology of blood - 1,9, MRT revealed cortic-subcortical atrophy, were diagnosed. diseases of endocrine system - 3.2, of periventricular leucomalacia [2, 4]. The CNS pathology in the form of a the organs of vision – 1, diseases of the At children of 4-7 years the CNS dis- concomitant disease was noted in 46.6% cardiovascular system - 8.9, of respira- ease was observed in 18,7% of children, of children. 15,6% of children are clas- tory system - 17,1, of gastrointestinal the chronic diseases were observed sified as having chronic disease in the tract 6.7, of urinary tract - 20,5%, etc. in all children. We marked hyperten- form of residual manifestations of peri- The pathology of CNS as the under- sion-hydrocephalic syndrome, delayed natal encephalopathy with hypertension- lying disease was frequently observed psycho-motor and neuro-psychological and-hydrocephalic syndrome, syndrome consistently in all the years of the con- development, episyndrome, syndrome of hyperactivity. The CNS pathology in tract. But beginning from 2007 till 2015 similar to autism, cerebral palsy, disor- other children was attributed to the group the percentage of children with the un- der of attention deficit and hyperactivity of functional disorders (asthenic-neurot- derlying CNS diseases declined slightly disorder (ADHD). Early brain damage ic syndrome, minimal brain dysfunction, and remained stable in the range 21.6% in most cases manifests itself in future increased neuro-reflex excitability). -20.6 percent in 2015. in varying degrees of impaired develop- All the children in the hospital received At the examination of children the ment. With age in the absence of ade- comprehensive therapy with nootropics, high proportions make comorbidities. quate assistance gradually impairments cerebrolysin, actovegin, symptomatic The analysis showed that most children, will be fixed and the complex pathology anticonvulsant therapy, vitamins B and in addition to the underlying disease, will be formed. other medications. In the treatment of had concomitant illnesses: without co- The manifestations of ADHD can lead children, where the CNS pathology was morbidities - 17.3%, with 1 additional to family conflicts, poor relationships as comorbidity, the complex of treat- disease - 16,0, with 2 diseases 18.6, with peers, impaired social and school ment included all the therapeutics stated with 3-4 diseases 30.6, with 4 diseases adaptation, difficulties in learning, re- above. All children were discharged from or more 17.3% of children. It was re- duced performance, accidents and in- hospital with improvement, and with rec- vealed that more than half of children juries, smoking, substance abuse (drug ommendations for parents and for pro- had 2 or more comorbidities. The analy- addiction, drug abuse), delinquency, fessionals at the place of residence. sis showed that at children with CNS antisocial behavior, thereby exerting a CONCLUSION pathology the most frequent concomi- negative impact on all spheres of life of High percentage of CNS pathology tant diseases were: pathology of the the patient. Symptoms of ADHD can per- in children beginning from early age in- digestive system, chronic infections of sist in adults, that leads to difficulties at dicates that it is a consequence of the the nasopharynx, vascular dystonia and work, low self-esteem, problems in fam- intrauterine hypoxia on the background connective tissue dysplasia (in 50, 0 %, ily life, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, of pathological course of pregnancy. At 25, 0, 25,0% of children respectively). criminal behavior [2- 4]. a such adverse background the child- At children of early age (0 - 3 years) Autism is a complex disorder of birth is also proceeded with complica- the CNS pathology was noted in 31.2 mental development, requiring interdis- tion that contributed to the trauma of percent, the chronic forms were at 80 ciplinary approach, interaction and un- the child during his birth. Thus, hypoxic- % of children. The data history shows derstanding of doctors of various spe- traumatic perinatal encephalopathy is that more than 84.2 percent of the cialties. Formally, from the neurologist’s the main cause of pathology in children cases the CNS pathology was a con- point of view, such a child is truly neuro- of all age groups. The data received by sequence of intrauterine hypoxia on logically healthy [2-4]. us are consistent with the results of other the background of pathological course In 8-12 years children the CNS pa- authors. This suggests that the basis of of pregnancy. Such adverse back- thology was noted in 12,5% in the form prevention from CNS pathology should ground of childbirth was also preceded of epilepsy, hypertension-and-hydroce- be health improvement of women in their with complication that together with phalic syndrome, cerebro-asthenic syn- reproductive age. Timely detection and hypoxia promoted the trauma in child- drome with cervical insufficiency, mini- treatment of disease of children from the 26 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL newborn period will reduce the number 4. Sostojanie i problemy zdorov’ja mail:[email protected] of chronic forms and disability in older podrostkov Rossii [Status and Problems 2. Skosyreva G. A. - doctor of Medical children. of Health Russian teen] Baranov A.A. Sciences, a senior Research Laboratory Namazova-Baranova L.S. Al’bickij V.Ju. of reproduction immunology Novosibirsk REFERENCES Terleckaja R.N. Antonova E.V. Prob- Center for Clinical and Experimental 1. Galaktionova M.Ju. Osadciva E.A. lemy soc.gigieny v zdravoohranenii i is- Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Perinatal’nye porazhenija nervnoj siste- torii mediciny [Sots.gigieny problems in Academy of Medical Sciences, 630049, my u detej i ih posledstvija: podhody k health and medical history]. 2014, № 6, Novosibirsk, D. Kovalchuk str., 260/1, terapii [Perinatal lesions of the nervous рр.10-14. sq. 69, e-mail: [email protected] system in children and their implications: 5. Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Feder- 3. Timofeeva E.P. - candidat of Medi- approaches to therapy] Voprosy prak- acii ot 1 ijunja 2012 g. № 761[Presiden- cal Sciences, аssistant professor, De- ticheskoj pediatrii [Questions of practical tial Decree of Russian Federation] June partment of propaedeutics of children’s pediatrii]. 2013, №2, рр. 23-29. 1, 2012, № 761. diseases Novosibirsk State Medical Uni- 2. Prihod’ko O.G. Perinatal’naja pa- versity of Minzdrav of Russia, 630063, tologija central’noj nervnoj sistemy u Information about the authors: Novosibirsk, Chekhov str., 254, sq. 5, e- detej [Perinatal pathology of the central 1. Ryabichenko T. I. - doctor of Medi- mail: [email protected] nervous system in children] Spec. Obra- cal Sciences, Professor, a leading re- 4. Kulakova Y.V. - Director of the zovanie [Special. Education]. 2010, №1, searcher at the laboratory of reproduc- medical center of AK “ALROSA” (JSC), рр.92-98. tion immunology Novosibirsk Center Mirnyj, Lenina str., 4. The Republic 3. Klimenko T.M. Tarasova I.V. Kas- for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Sakha (Yakutia). jan S.N. Perinatal’noe gipoksicheskoe Siberian Branch of Russian Academy 5. Kosyanova T. G. - Junior research- porazhenie central’noj nervnoj siste- of Medical Sciences (“NIIEM”), Profes- er “NIIEM”, Novosibirsk, Petukhova str. my: sovremennyj vzgljad na problemu sor of the Department of propaedeutics 144, sq. 81, e-mail: [email protected] [Perinatal hypoxic lesion of the central of children’s diseases Novosibirsk State 6. Patrusheva Y. N.- graduate stu- nervous system: a modern view on the Medical University of Minzdrav of Rus- dent “NIIEM”, Novosibirsk, D. Davidov problem] Voprosy prakticheskoj pediatrii sia. str., 6, sq. 10, e-mail: [email protected]. [Problems of practical pediatrii]. 2013, 630108, Novosibirsk. 1st lane Park- №4, рр.40-45. homenko D str., 6, sq. 9, 2925871, e-

E.N. Verkhoturova, A.S. Golderova GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE COMPLICATED BY BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS (AT THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEDICAL UNIT HEALTH OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RF ON RS (Y)) ABSTRACT The article presents the data of endoscopic examination of patients of the Medical unit the Health Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RF in the RS (Y) with a diagnosis gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complicated forms. We compared the chromoezophagoscopy data with the results of histological examination of biopsy samples. We analyzed risk factors frequency of patients with a verified diagnosis Barrett’s esophagus. Keywords: gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, chromoezophagoscopy.

INTRODUCTION and the USA, 20-25% of the population the FGHI «Medical room of the Interior The gastroesophageal reflux disease has the clinical symptoms of GERD and Ministry of the Russian Federation for the (GERD) is the topical issue of the 7% have these ones every day. In the Novosibirsk region» among 630 officers, gastroenterology as well as the internal presence of the general medical practice, having visited the military-medical medicine. This disease is characterized 25-40% of the patients diagnosed with commission in 2002-2009, GERD was by inflammatory processes in the mucosa GERD have the esophagitis that based diagnosed among 256 officers (40,6%). of the distal part of the esophagus and/ on endoscopic data, but most people Some separate researches on or specific clinical symptoms caused with GERD don’t have endoscopic clinical-morphofunctional characteristics by frequent passage of gastric and/or symptoms. of GERD in various age and ethnic duodenal contents into the esophagus. The actual prevalence of GERD is groups of the population were done The actual prevalence of GERD notably higher than its statistics data, in Yakutia [1, 3, 9]. Meanwhile, the remains unestablished, that caused considering that among other things symptoms of the complicated forms by big variety of clinical symptoms. as few as 1/3 people with GERD seek of the GERDwere under-investigated According to the researches in Europe medical advice. According to the data of among our population. 2’ 2016 27

Barrett esophagus is well recognized Table 1 as a non-heritable condition and a complication of GERD. In Barrett Table №1. esophagus, planocellular epithelium The results of the chromoesophagoscopy and the histological examination for patients within esophageal mucosa is replaced with the erosive form of GERD (n=50) with columnar one formed as a specialized intestinal metaplasia [6, 10]. The results of chromoesopha- The clinical importance of Barrett goscopy Absolute esophagus lies in the fact that it is a The conclusion of the histological examination % contributory cause to aprogression of numbers Layers of squamous epithelium with the ulcers and peptic esophageal stricture 7 14 and, consequently, is a transition from lympholeucocytic infiltration Thickened layers of the squamous epithelium with/ premalignancy to malignancy [2, 11]. It 10 20 without anabrosis should be noted that intestinal columnar Layers of squamous epithelium with parakeratosis and 5 10 epithelium resulted from a metaplasia leukoplakia increases risk of esophageal cancer Focal dysplasia (I grade) 6 12 in 30-125 times. Averagely, Barrett esophagus is formed in 40 years old, Focal dysplasia (II grade) 3 6 but is detected in 60.Its approximate prevalence in Western countries is one Focal dysplasia (III grade) 1 2 person per 100 people aged 60 and older and one person per 20 people Barrett esophagus 18 36 diagnosed with GERD [12]. According to the data of the world Government Health Institution for 50 patients to detect morphological literature, risk of malignant progression/ (FGHI) «Medical room of the Interior transformations of the erosive reflux transformation in patients with Barrett Ministry of the Russian Federation esophagitis revealed by the use of esophagus varies from 5% to 50% and for the Republic of Sakha» during the endoscopic method. Researches directly depends on a dysplasia rate, 2014. 344 patients (34.5%) from 20 were done with the use of methylene revealed during the morphological to 75 years old were diagnosed with blue (0.25%), which is capable to enter examination. Yakutia remains an GERD, including its erosive and non- cytoplasm of the transformed cells. endemic region because of a high erosive symptoms. The endoscopy The dye-ware colors (vital dyes) were prevalence of esophageal cancer – was held by use of the fiberoptic eso­ needed to get extra information about the more than 150 people per 100 thousand phagogastroduodenoscope «Pentax» previous functional and morphological inhabitants [5, 4]. (Japan). transformations. The results of So, the importance of the research The pathomorphological researches chromoesophagoscopy were treated topic is caused by the high prevalence were done on the basis of the anatomic in the following way: untransformed of GERD, typical and atypical clinical pathology department of the Republic mucosa doesn’t take a dye; the areas symptoms, having the negative hospital №1 (National Center for of dysplasia, leukoplakia, anabrosis and influence on the quality of life of the Medicine) in Yakutsk. Biopsy material ulcercovered with fibrin take a blue dye; patients, and insufficient information was taken from the mucosa of the the areas of mucosa diseased by cancer on the clinical-morphofunctional distal part of the esophagus and all take an intense blue dye. characteristics of the complicated forms the suspicious areas by the use of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION among the population of Yakutia. In 4-quadrant method at 2 cm intervals. There were 290 men (84,3%) and particular, Barrett esophagus, a serious The chromoesophagoscopy with the 54 women (15,7%) among 344 patients complication of GERD, comes into further multiply target biopsy was done diagnosed with GERD.46,7% of the importance because it increases risks of the progression of the esophageal adenocarcinoma. The incidence rate of GERD and its complications warrant more research and the implementation of the contemporary mechanisms of the systemic diagnosis of this disease. The objective of the research is to compare the results of the chromoesophagoscopy with the results of the morphological examination and to give the incidence rate, age and ethnic characteristics of GERD, complicated by Barrett esophagus. DATA AND METHODS OF THE RESEARCH 996 patients were observed by use of the method of fiberoptic eso­ phagogastroduodenoscopy (fiberop­ ­ Fig. №1. Disposition of patients with Barrett esophagus, according to their age tic EGD) on the basis of the Federal 28 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL patients (161 patients) were officers Table 2 with a special rank, 16,7% - officers and workers of another law enforcement Hereditary burden of the patients with Barrett esophagus of the different ethnic authorities (The Administration of identity the Federal Service for Corrections, Ministry of Civil Defense and Emergency Response) and 36,6% - the civilian Total Hereditary burden for cancer employees, the elderly and the members Ethnic identity of number of of the officers’ families. patients patients From a From a From relatives The chromoesophagoscopy with mother father the further target biopsy was done The native 12 - 3 1 for 50 patients with the erosive form The non-native (1st of GERD (table №1). The analysis 2 1 - - generation) of the data comparison of the The non-native (2nd 4 1 2 1 chromoesophagoscopy with the results generation) of the histological examination revealed that the mucosa of the esophagus of 22 It should be noted that 50% of the The analysis of the main risk factors patients (44%) was characterized by patients with Barrett esophagus (9 of for digestive diseases as a nutritional lympholeucocytic infiltration, thickened 18 patients) reported that they had a disorder, smoking and excessive drinking layers of the squamous epithelium and hereditary burden for cancer. Among (illustration №3) revealed that 77,8% of the areas of the parakeratosis with the them 44% were the native (4 persons), the patients often ignored the nutrition leukoplakia. 10 patients (20%) had more 55,6% - the non-native (table №2), i.e. prescription, and also preferred hot and apparent findings as focal dysplasia this important risk factor is more apparent spicy food, 66,7% were smokers, and (low-grade, medium-grade and high- among the non-native population. 16,7% drink to excess. grade). Hereditary burden of the patients with The analysis of the clinical However, according to the Barrett esophagus of the different ethnic presentations of the reflux disease morphological examination 18 patients identity and the causes of Barrett esophagus (36%) had the changes that typical for Barrett esophagus, such as columnar metaplasia with the detection of columnar epithelium of three types – fundic, cardiac and specialized intestinal. The obtained data is consistent with the results of the research of Cuban State Medical University [7] and other researches [8]. Among the patients with Barrett esophagus were 16 men (88,9%) and 2 women (11,1%) aged 30 to 75 years. This pathology was typical for the middle- aged and the elderly-aged people: 50-59 years (38,9%) and 60-74 (38,9%). This age category includes retired employees of the Interior Ministry. The group aged 30 to 40 years include only 1 patient Fig. №2. Disposition of patients with Barrett esophagus, according to their ethnic identity (5,5%), 40 to 50 years – 3 patients (16,7%), which is typical for officers with a special rank (illustration №1). The ethnic composition of the patients with Barrett esophagus has a significant difference (illustration №2). The group of the native population included 10 Yakuts and 2 evens. Non-native population was divided into 2 subgroups: 1 – people of the first generation, having come to Yakutia from various regions of the Russian Federation and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), 2 –people of the second population, having born in Yakutia. Among the patients with Barrett esophagus 12 persons (66%) turned out to be native, 2 persons (11%) – non- native (first generation) and 4 persons (22%) – non-native (second generation) (illustration №2). Fig.№3. Risk factors for the patients with Barrett esophagus 2’ 2016 29 revealed the following main symptoms: endoscopic features of gastroesophageal T. 10, № 3, pp. 50-54. heartburn (94,4%), regurgitation reflux disease in elderly individuals living 9.Tobohov A.V. Diagnostika i (55.6%), dysphagia and odynophagia in Yakutia] Materialy mezhregional’noj hirurgicheskoe lechenie visceroptoza (33,3%), pain under the sternum nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of (27,8%), extra-esophageal symptoms as posvyashchennoj 80-letiyu GBURS(YA) visceroptosis] Avtoref. diss. … dokt. chronic cough, pharyngitis, dysphonia, «Respublikanskaya bol’nica №3» med. Nauk [Abstract. diss.... MD], M, sleep apnea, halitosis (27,8%). [Materials of interregional scientific- 2003, 21 p. CONCLUSION practical conference dedicated to 10.Starostin B.D. So, among the patients diagnosed the 80th anniversary of GBU RS (Y) Gastroehzofageal’naya reflyuksnaya with GERD Barrett esophagus as its “Republican hospital №3»]. Yakutsk, bolezn’. Epidemiologiya, faktory serious complication was detected in 18 Sfera, 2012, pp. 121-123. riska [Gastroesophageal reflux from 344 people (5.23%). This pathology 4.Ivanov P.M., Tihonov D.G., Upholov disease. Epidemiology, risk factors] is more typical for men than women; for G.P. Faktory riska I kanceroprotektivnye Gastroehnterologiya Sankt-Peterburga the middle-aged and the elderly-aged factory raka pishchevoda I zheludka [Gastroenterology in St. Petersburg.]. people; for native population (66%), v usloviyah Krajnego Severa [Risk 2014, № 1-2, pp. 2-14. than non-native; 50% of the patients had factors and cancer protective factors for 11.Endohirurgicheskoe lechenie a hereditary burden for cancer. 77,8% esophageal and stomach cancers in the obligatnogo predraka pishchevoda of the patients eat food, that thermally Far North] Dal’nevostochny j medicinskij [Endosurgical treatment of the and mechanically irritate esophagus, zhurnal [Far East Medical Journal]. obligate precancer esophagus] Sigal 66.7% are smokers. The key symptom 2000, №.1, pp. 37-39. E.I., Ivanov A.I., Burmistrov M.V. [et of this pathology – the heartburn – was 5.Kajbysheva V.O. Epidemiologiya, al]. Endoskopicheskaya hirurgiya detected among 94.4%. factory riska i profilaktika raka [Endoscopic surgery]. 2008, №4, pp. pishchevoda [Epidemiology, risk factors 54-57. REFERENCES and prevention of the esophageal cancer] 12.Yankin A.V. Rak pishchevoda: 1.Balanova O.P. Klinicheskaya i Gastroehnterologiya [Gastroenterology]. ot statistiki k diagnostike [Esophageal morfofunkcional’naya harakteristika 2012, №6, pp. 29-33. cancer: from diagnosis to statistics] GEHRB v usloviyah Yakutii [Clinical 6.Kalinin A.V. Gastroehzofageal’naya Prakticheskaya onkologiya [Practical and morphofunctional characteristics reflyuksnaya bolezn’: Metodicheskie Oncology]. 2003, T.4, pp. 61-65. of GERD in Yakutia] avtoref. diss. … ukazaniya [Gastroesophageal reflux kand. med. nauk [Abstract. diss.... PhD]. disease: guidelines], M.: GIUV MO RF, The authors: Yakutsk, 2009, 22 p. 2004, 40 p. Verkhoturova Elena Nikolaevna, the 2.Godzhello E.A. Pishchevod 7.Korochanskaya N.V., Durleshter endoscopist and the gastroenterologist Barretta: ehndoskopicheskaya V.M., Gabriehl’ S.A. [et al]. Rol’ in the Federal Government Health diagnostika, strategiya nablyudeniya ehndoskopii s kombinirovannoj Institution (FGHI) «Medical room of the i lecheniya [Barrett’s esophagus: hromoskopiej v diagnostike pishchevoda Interior Ministry of the Russian Federation endoscopic diagnosis, monitoring and Barretta [Endoscopy role with the for the Republic of Sakha», Yakutsk, treatment strategies] Rossij skijzhurnal combined hromoskopiya in diagnostics Russia, e-mail: elenaverchoturova@ gastroehnterologii, gepatologii, of a gullet of Barrett] Kubanskij nauchnyj gmail.соm; koloproktologi [Russian Journal medicinskij vestnik [Kuban Research Golderova Aitalina Semenovna, of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Medical Gazette]. 2009, №9, pp. 70-73. Doctor of Medical Science, Chief of Coloproctology]. 2002, T. 12, №.3, pp. 8.Mastykova E.K., Konorev the Research office of the coping 67-71. M.R., Matveenko M.E. Chastota mechanisms in the Federal State 3.Emel’yanova E.A. Dmitrieva vstrechaemosti oslozhnenij Budgetary Scientific Institution (FSBSI) N.G., Gavril’eva A.V. Kliniko- gastroehzofageal’noj reflyuksnoj «Yakut scientific center of complex ehndoskopicheskie osobennosti bolezni [The incidence of complications medical problems», Yakutsk, Russia, gastroehzofageal’nojreflyuksnoj bolezni of gastroesophageal reflux disease] e-mail: [email protected]. u lic pozhilogo I starcheskogo vozrasta, Vestnik Vitebskogo GMU [Bulletin of the prozhivayushchih v Yakutii [Clinical and Vitebsk State Medical University]. 2011, 30 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

THE REGULATORY SYSTEM OF THE HUMAN BODY IN THE NORTH

L.G. Marinova, N.V. Savvina, I.L. Savvina THE TEENAGER: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH

ABSTRACT The article reviews physical development of teenagers living in extreme climate conditions. The influence of various factors on physical development leads to phenotypical changes. The environment influences much on the children’s organism as due to genetic plasticity and lability it is more acquisitive to unfavorable factors. Researches in the North where residing conditions are severe enough, considering extreme factors, such as long period of low temperatures, sharp day differences of atmospheric pressure, polar night, deficiency of solar radiation, etc., have revealed delay of terms of the beginning of growth activity, a great speed of transit of separate stages of the organism development, the accelerated maturing and early biological maturity which is explained as a phenotype approaching to the special ecological conditions. Keywords: teenager, physical development, pubertal period, extreme North.

Healthy rising generation is an impor- ered to be one of direct indexes of health vorable factors. It is scientifically proved tant condition of prosperity and develop- of rising generation. In each region it is that a hot climate and high mountains ment of any society. In this aspect chil- characterized by certain ethnic compo- conditions possess inhibiting influence dren and teenagers of the North are in sition, climate-geographical and social- on the growth processes, but simultane- the most complex ecologic-hygienic and economic conditions and has its pecu- ously can accelerate essentially matur- social-economic conditions. liarities [4, 6, 7, 9, 13, 17]. That’s why it is ing of children. Growth rate fluctuations The pubertal period is one of the most recommended to use local standards as in connection with seasons of the year complex periods in the development of the growth and development of children (acceleration in spring and inhibition in the child whenreproductive performance in different climate-geographical regions fall-winter months) [2, 11] are widely is reached, osmotic growth comes to and ethnic groups are various. known. the end, perfection of all organs and Physical development is a complex of Researches in the North where resid- systems occurs. During this process or- morphofunctional properties of organism ing conditions are severe enough, con- ganism Healthy rising generation is an defining a store of physical strengths, ca- sidering extreme factors, such as long important condition of prosperity and de- pacity measure, level of biological state period of low temperature, sharp day dif- velopment of any society. In this aspect of organism, process of the development ferences of atmospheric pressure, polar children and teenagers of the North are of, first of all, somatic indexes which can night, deficiency of solar radiation, etc., in the most complex ecologic-hygienic be supervised for the purpose of optimi- have revealed delay of terms of the be- and social-economic conditions. zation of physical development [10,11]. ginning of growth activity, a great speed The pubertal period is one of the most One of the factors, influencing on a of transit of separate stages of the or- complex periods in the development of physical development, especially growth ganism development, the accelerated the child whenreproductive performance of the child after 2 years of life is hered- maturing and early biological ripeness is reached, osmotic growth comes to the ity. There are 2 periods when correlation which is explained as a phenotype ap- end, perfection of all organs and systems between growth of parents and children proaching to these ecological conditions occurs. During this process organism is most significant. It is age from 2 till 9 [1,14]. quantity indicators (the dimensions of years when one bunch of genes (the first Studying of the basic indexes of phys- separate organs and all body) increase, family factor) affects, and age from 14 ical development, the analysis of their and also there is a perfection of organs’ till 18 years when growth regulation de- changes among teenagers has revealed work and the physiological systems pro- pends on other genes (the second family a series of peculiarities for last decade. viding normal livingability of the mature factor). At the beginning of the XXI century stabi- person which high lights is labour activity Social-economic conditions (educa- lization of longitudinal growth and puber- and a birth of healthy children [4, 11]. tion of parents, living conditions, number ty processes with simultaneous sharp According to the state statistics of of children, age of the father and mother, augmentation of indexes of body mass the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since hygienic skills, education and etc.) make and fat layer was marked in the majority 2000 to 2010 the common sickness rate essential impact on the growth process- of the European countries, among teenagers has increased in 2.5 es in all ontogenesis periods. So, practi- Another tendency which is found times. The primary diseases are: the cally all worldwide there is a tendency: among youth of the Russian Federation first place is occupied with respiratory or- children from wellprovided families are and some other CIS countries is con- gans which have increased in 1.8 times taller and heavier, than children from nected with inversely directed processes for a decade, on the second place – trau- poor families [9, 11]. when stabilization of longitudinal growth mas and poisoning and some other con- Important value in the development of decreases indexes of body weight, body sequences, have increased in 2 times, the child playsalsoclimate-geographical form changes to astenization and lep- on the third place – illnesses of diges- factors (duration of light day, tempera- tosomization. The examinations of chil- tive organs, have increased in 2.6 times ture, humidity). It is considered, what dren and teenagers of Moscow, Saratov [8,9]. As a whole, these data testifies to exactly climate-geographical factors and some other big cities of Russia in presence of a negative tendency –re- renders maximum influence on child’s different time have testified about it [5]. duction of healthy teenagers in Yakutia. organism as due to genetic plasticity In Yakutia the first time regional Physical development (PD) is consid- and lability it is more acquisitive to unfa- standards have been compounded and 2’ 2016 31 published by the professor M.V. Handy nition of the constitution type and sexual nom ushrehdenii: Меtodicheskie reko- in 1988. A series of researches for the development [11]. mendacii. Chast 1. Fizicheskaya kultura relative analysis have been made since One of the approaches to health fore- [Formation of health culture among chil- 1995 to 1998 and since 2000 to 2004 [9, casting is the assessment of the psy- dren of younger preschool age in pre- 18]. chosomatic constitution of the person school educational institution: Methodi- Some features in physical develop- as adaptable possibilities and predis- cal recommendations. Part 1. Physical ment of teenagers have been deter- position to various mental and somatic education]. Ulyanovsk: Publishing house mined, such as: body decrease at aug- diseases correlate with accessory to UIPKPRO, 2010, P. 8-16. mentation of body length which have led defined constitutional types [3]. Con- 3.Apanasenko G. L. Popov L.A. to decrease in index of proportionality stitutional type is the integrated index Меdisinskaya valeologia [Medical vale- and formation of gracial figure among characterizing physical and functional- ology]. Rostov on Don: Phoenix publish- teenagers of 10-14 years; low indexes of ity of the human body. Its morphological ing house, 2000, 127 p. body length in 4,6 cm and body mass in expression is somatotype [19]. Somato- 4.Baranov A.A. Kuchma V. R. Sko- 5,3 kg, and delay of appearance of the type is defined only with the harmoni- blina N. A. Fizicheskoe razvitie detei secondary sexual signs among girls in ous development of the child. Accord- I podrostkov na rubege tysyacheletii comparison with indexes of teenagers of ing to R.N.Dorokhov and M.I. Bahrah’s [Physical development of children and the Russian Federation; teenagers prev- scheme, there are microsomatic, macro- teenagers at the boundary of millen- alence with decrease in muscle strength somatic and mesosomatic somatotypes nium]. M.: Publishing house NCH Rus- of hands, as result of decrease of body [12]. Research of somatotype among sian Academy of Medical Science, 2008, mass for muscular component; delay of children, in particular among teenagers 216 p. actual sizes of vital capacity and com- is important compounding assessment 5.Baranov A.A. Kuchma V. R. pressive force of hands from standard of physical development as it defines Fizicheskoe razvitie detei I podrostkov that defines low functionality among level of somatic health and functional Rossiiskoi Federasii [Physical develop- teenagers of Yakutia. Also in compari- state, is the constant characteristic and ment of children and teenagers of the son with 1998 in 2003 relative density geneticallydetermined [16]. Russian Federation] Sb. Materialov of schoolchildren with deficiency of body Thus, dynamic examination of physi- (vypusk VI [VI volume]. M.: Publishing mass has grown in 1% on the average, cal development of a growing organism house “Pediatrician”, 2013, 192 p. and almost twice body mass has grown of the child made in time is necessary for 6.Bokareva N. A. Vedushie faktory, (from 4,5 % to 8,4 % among boys, from revealing individual features of growth formiruushie fizicheskoe razvitie sovre- 3,8 % to 7,7 % among girls) [17,18]. and maturing, rate and development mennyh detei megapolisa Moskvy: dis- Nowadays problems of physical de- harmony and serves as important di- sertacia na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni velopment of children and teenagers agnostic criteria [19]. The objective as- doktora medisinskih nauk [The leading continue to be investigated. sessment of physical development level factors forming physical development of For medical practice the indexes of of children is possible only with the local modern children of the Moscow mega- rather easy measurement which are standards presence in each region tak- lopolis: dissertation in support for PhD called somametric more often are used: ing into account social-economic and medical sciences]. - Moscow, 2014. body length, body mass, chest circum- climate-geographical features of the re- 7.Dyachenko V. G. Rzyankina М.F. ference. Body external examination re- gion. Solohina L.V. Rukovodstvo po socialnoi veals somatoscopic indexes: form of Nowadays, working out of standards pediatrii. Uchebnoe posobie [Guide of thorax, back, foot, bearing, muscular of physical development is one of prior- social pediatrics. Manual]. Khabarovsk: state, adipopexis, skin elasticity, puberty ity directions for hygiene of children and FESMI publishing house, 2012, 322 p. signs. For the assessment of organism teenagers and also pediatrics. 8.Egorova V. B. Savvina N. V., functionality are used physiometric in- Assessment criteria of physical de- Artamonova S.Yu., Sleptsova N. A. Sos- dexes - vital capacity of lungs, compres- velopment (estimated tables) are com- toyanie zdorovia podrostkov Respubliki sive force of hands (dynamometry) [4, pounded for separate regions and are Saha (Yakutia) [State of health of teen- 11,12]. not static in time, therefore it is recom- agers of the Republic of Sakha (Yaku- Maximum pubertal acceleration in a mended to make constant update and tia)]. Yakutskii medicinskii jurnal [Yakut linear growth among girls is marked at correction of territorial standards of medical journal]. 2015, No. 3(51), P. 33- the age of 10-13 years, among boys the physical development of the children’s 36. high-speed peak is registered on the population each 5-10 years [12,15]. 9.Savvina N. V., Artamonova S.Yu., average in 13-15 years. Just to these Afanasyeva L.N. [et al.] Zdorov’e detej periods there is a maximum intensive in- REFERENCES i podrostkov Respubliki Saha (Jaku- fluence of environment on the develop- 1.Abramov A.F. Abramova T.A. 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Lutov Yu.V., Selyatitskaya V.G., Deev D.A. THE ASSOCIATION OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE DYSFUNCTION WITH COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN MEN OF WESTERN- YAKUT INDUSTRIAL REGION

ABSTRACT We have compared the association of parameters of insulin resistance and visceral fat dysfunction with the main and additional components of metabolic syndrome in men who permanently reside in West Yakutia industrial region and work in mining company. There was a close connection between insulin resistance and analyzed main and additional components of metabolic syndrome. However, we have found no association between the dysfunction of visceral fat tissue and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, which is the principal component of metabolic syndrome. Cardiometabolic risk assessment using the criteria of visceral fat dysfunction can therefore result in underestimated contribution of carbohydrate metabolism disorder to cardiometabolic risk. Thus, insulin resistance criteria are more informative in population studies of metabolic syndrome epidemiology and pathogenesis than the criterion of visceral fat tissue dysfunction. Keywords: West Yakutia industrial region, men, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance index, visceral adiposity index.

In spite of the consensus on metabolic of factors of increased cardiovascular and decreased level of high density syndrome (MS) definition achieved by risk including the following five lipoprotein cholesterol also known as professionals from different fields of pathological conditions, which are the hypoalphacholesterolemia (HACL) [7]. medicine and international organizations, main components of MS: abdominal The majority of researchers believe there are still many controversial issues obesity (AO), arterial hypertension (AH), that insulin resistance (IR) is a key of metabolic syndrome pathogenesis. carbohydrate metabolism disorders element of MS pathogenesis. HOMA- MS is currently considered a cluster (CMDs), hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), IR index of insulin resistance is used to 2’ 2016 33 evaluate the insulin sensitivity. This index (WC, cm), systolic and diastolic blood each of two verification techniques was is calculated on the basis of carbohydrate pressure (SBP and DBP, mm Hg) used. HOMA-IR index also depended on metabolism regulation parameters was measured, and the concentration all main and additional MS components. (glucose and insulin blood levels) [8]. It of glucose (mmol/L), triglycerides Similar relationships were identified has been also demonstrated that insulin (TG, mmol/L), total cholesterol (TCL, between IR and MS and its components resistance is associated with other mmol/L), high density lipoprotein except for HCL, which had no influence diseases and hormonal and metabolic cholesterol (HDL, mmol/L), uric acid on IR frequency. These findings suggest disorders such as excess body weight (UA, µmol/L) and immunoreactive that VFD parameters in studied man (EBW), hypercholesterolemia (HCL), insulin (IRI, reference values 4-16 MU/ sample were less connected with MS purine metabolism disorders (PMDs), ml) were determined in the blood serum. than insulin resistance parameters. proinflammatory and prothrombotic The presence of AO, AH, CMDs, HTG Total index of ratios (TIR) was changes in blood system, testosterone and HACL was diagnosed according to calculated to range MS components by deficiency, etc. [2, 3, 6, 9]. These criteria NCEP ATP III [7]. The presence the level of their connection with VFD pathologic states are classified as of excess body weight was recorded at and IR. TIR for VFD is the sum of the additional components of MS. value of Ketle index (IK), calculated as ratio of average VAI values in groups There is also an alternative viewpoint the ratio of BW (kg) / BL (m2), equal to with presence or absence of certain on MS pathogenesis. According to or more 25.0. The presence of HCL was MS component and the ratio of VFD this viewpoint, pivotal role in MS diagnosed at the concentration of TCL frequencies in the same groups. For pathogenesis is played by AO and in the blood higher 5.2 mM; PMDs was instance, TIR for HTG was calculated visceral fat dysfunction (VFD) based on defined at the concentration UA higher as follows: average VAI values in groups the disbalance secretion of adipokines 400 mmol/L. The presence of MS was with presence or absence of HTG were (leptin, resistin, adiponectin, etc.) and verified in two ways: the patient had at 3.63 and 1.12, respectively (table); the the hyperproduction of proinflammatory least three main components (according ratio of these average VAI values was cytokines, free fatty acids, etc. [5, 11]. the recommendations of experts NCEP 3.24; VFD frequencies in groups of men A special model of fat distribution is ATP III), or there are three or more with HTG or without HTG were 98.1% therefore proposed to measure the level any components (main and additional). and 53.7%, respectively, and their ratio of individual cardiometabolic risk. This HOMA–IR index was counted for was 1.83. TIR for HTG is therefore 5.07 model calculates the visceral adiposity determination of sensitivity to insulin (3.24+1.83). TIR for other components index (VAI) using the anthropometric according to the formula: glucose were calculated in the same way. In characteristics of obesity (Ketle (mmol/L) •IRI (MU/ml)) / 22.5; IR was case of VFD, studied components of MS index and waist circumference) and registered for values of the index more in descending order of TIR values were biochemical markers of fat dysfunction than 2.77 conventional units (CU) [8]. the following: HTG (5.07); HACL (4.75); (blood levels of triglycerides and high Visceral adiposity index was calculated EBW (4.61); AO (3.27); AH (3.18); PMDs density lipoprotein cholesterol) [10]. by the formula: VAI = (WC / (39.68 ± (3.03); HCL (2.8); CMDs (2.41). There is a direct correlation between 1.88 •IK)) • (TG / 1.03) • (1.31 / HDL); In case of IR, TIR values for MS HOMA-IR and VAI indices and between the index value more than 1.00 CU components were calculated in the these indices and MS [10]. However, demonstrated the presents of VFD [10]. same way as TIR values in case of it is not quite clear if these indices The results are presented as mean VFD: ratio of average HOMA-IR values are equally associated with various indicator values and the standard in groups with presence or absence of components of MS. We need to know this deviation (M±SD) or the frequency of certain MS component was summed to determine how exactly these indices a sign (%). Average values of HOMA- up with the ratio of IR frequencies in should be used in epidemiological and IR and VAI indexes were compared the same groups. In case of IR, studied pathogenetic studies of MS, especially using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The χ2 components of MS in descending order in certain cohorts of examined people. test with Yates correction was used to of TIR values were the following: EBW We have shown earlier that from compare the frequency of IR and VFD. (3.54); CMDs (3.43); AO (3.31); HTG 1991 to 2007 the frequency of MS in Distinctions were recognized significant (3.15); HACL (3.04); PMDs (2.93); AH workers of West Yakutia industrial region at p<0.05. (2.8); HCL (2.44). increased more than three times [1]. In RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Remarkably, there were significant 2007 the following three components of Average values of VAI and HOMA- differences between TIR-based metabolic syndrome dominated: AH, AO IR indices in total sample of men scales demonstrating the association and HACL [4]. were 1.68±1.55 and 3.70±2.64 CU, between VFD and MS components The aim of this study was to respectively. The frequencies of VFD and and association between IR and MS perform the compare the relationships IR were 63.6% and 55.4%, respectively. components. Two types of dyslipidemia between IR and VFD and the main and The analysis of these parameters in (HTG and HACL) and two components additional components of MS in men relation to MS and its components are characterizing obesity and fat distribution who permanently reside in West Yakutia shown in table. (EBW and AO) were on 4 top positions, industrial region and work in mining The table shows that VAI and VFD while the same two components related company. frequency depended on the presence to the total amount of fat in body and MATERIAL AND METHODS of MS (irrespective of the method of fat topography as well as CMDs and The study involved 242 non- its identification), its four main and HTG (the type of dyslipidemia) were at indigenous men aged from 21 to 61 years three studied additional components. the upper part of IR scale. Taking into who constantly lived in Mirny Republic of However, VAI and VFD were not account the revealed features of the Sakha (Yakutia) and worked at the mine connected with CMDs, the principal scales and the last place of CMDs in “International”. Body length (BL, m), body component of MS. HOMA-IR index the scale for VFD, we can conclude that weight (BW, kg), waist circumference depended on the presence of MS when CMDs contribution to cardiometabolic 34 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

risk is underestimated when VFD is Table studied. Insulin resistance criteria with Indexes of visceral obesity and insulin resistance, the frequency of visceral fat established diversified relationships with dysfunction and insulin resistance depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome both lipid and carbohydrate disorders and its components in the men give more objective evidence in epidemiological or group studies on MS. Index of The The CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome and its visceral frequency HOMA-IR frequency In sample of men working in components obesity of VFD (CU) West Yakutia industrial region the (CU) (%) IR (%) association of IR parameters with The presence of MS by the MS and its components proved to be main components (n=59) 3,26±2,25 98,3 5,69±4,00 84,7 closer and more diversified then that The absence of MS by the main components (n=183) 1,18±0,70 52,5 3,06±1,56 45,9 of fat distribution model parameters. Р <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 Thus, insulin resistance criteria are The presence of MS by the more informative in population studies all components (n=141) 2,25±1,80 85,1 4,42±3,12 68,8 of metabolic syndrome epidemiology and pathogenesis than the criterion of The absence of MS by the 0,89±0,42 33,7 2,71±1,19 36,6 all components (n=101) visceral fat tissue dysfunction. Р <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 The presence of abdominal REFERENCES obesity by criterion WC 2,36±1,44 90,2 5,01±3,31 82,0 1. Mitrofanov I.M. Selyatitskaya V.G. (n=61) Nikolaev Yu.A. Lutov Yu.V. Dinamika The absence of abdominal rasprostranennosti metabolicheskogo obesity by criterion WC 1,46±1,52 54,7 3,26±2,20 46,4 sindroma v organizovannoj populjacii (n=181) trudjashhihsja Zapadno-Jakutskogo Р <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 The presence of arterial promyshlennogo rajona [Metabolic hypertension (n=146) 1,89±1,61 77,4 4,09±2,74 63,7 syndrome prevalence dynamics in an The absence of arterial organized population of workers at West hypertension (n=96) 1,38±1,41 42,7 3,12±2,36 42,7 Industrial Area of Yakutia]. Klinicheskaya Р <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 0,0021 Meditsina [Clinical Medicine]. 2012, The presence of №11, P.47-50. carbohydrate metabolism 1,97±1,70 70,8 5,41±3,89 78,5 2. Lutov Yu.V. Selyatitskaya V.G. disorders (n=65) Vzaimosvjaz’ osnovnyh i dopolnitel’nyh The absence of carbohydrate komponentov metabolicheskogo metabolism disorders 1,58±1,48 61,0 3,08±1,59 46,9 sindroma s insulinorezistentnost’ju u (n=177) prishlyh zhitelej Zapadno-Jakutskogo Р 0,0552 0,2124 <0,0001 <0,0001 promyshlennogo rajona [The The presence of hypertriglyceridemia (n=54) 3,63±2,20 98,1 5,28±4,04 75,9 relationship of metabolic syndrome basic and additional components with The absence of hypertriglyceridemia 1,12±0,55 53,7 3,25±1,85 49,5 insuline resistance at non-indigenous (n=188) people of west industrial area of Р <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 0,0010 Yakutia] Fundamental’nye Issledovaniya The presence of low level [Fundamental Research]. 2013, №9 high density lipoprotein 2,97±2,11 97,4 4,72±3,56 74,0 (part 6), P.1043-1048. cholesterol (n=77) 3. Novikova E.G. Lutov Yu.V. The absence of low level Selyatitskaya V.G. Associacija high density lipoprotein 1,09±0,57 47,9 3,23±1,90 46,7 jerektil’noj disfunkcii s gipogonadizmom cholesterol (n=165) i metabolicheskim sindromom u Р <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 0,0001 muzhchin raznyh vozrastnyh grupp The presence of overweight [Erectile dysfunction association with (n=166) 2,02±1,71 78,3 4,16±2,97 65,7 hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome The absence of overweight (n=76) 0,95±0,67 31,6 2,71±1,23 32,9 among men of various age groups] Р <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 <0,0001 Yspekhi Gerontologii [Advances in The presence of Gerontology]. 2012, V.25, №4, P.685- hypercholesterolemia 2,03±1,83 73,6 4,19±3,15 60,0 690. (n=110) 4. Lutov Yu.V. Selyatitskaya V.G. The absence of Nikolaev Yu.A. Mitrofanov I.M. Ocenka hypercholesterolemia 1,39±1,19 55,3 3,30±2,04 51,5 rasprostranennosti metabolicheskogo (n=132) sindroma v zavisimosti ot Р <0,0001 0,0048 0,0246 0,2332 kriteriev diagnoza u rabotnikov The presence of purine 2,33±2,14 76,9 4,73±3,60 70,5 gornodobyvajushhej promyshlennosti metabolism disorders (n=78) Jakutii [The metabolic syndrome The absence of purine prevalence evaluation depending on metabolism disorders 1,38±1,04 57,3 3,22±1,85 48,2 diagnosis criteria at mineral resource (n=164) industry workers in Yakutia]. Arterial’naya Р <0,0001 0,0048 <0,0001 0,0018 2’ 2016 35

Gipertenziya [Arterial Hypertension]. lation. - 2009. - Vol.120. - P.1640–1645. The authors: 2010, V.16, №5, P.474-478. 8. Homeostasis model assessment: Lutov Yu.V., PhD, Senior Researcher 5. Bruunsgaard H. Age-related insulin resistance and β–cell function of Laboratory of Endocrinology of inflammatory cytokines and disease / H. from fasting plasma glucose and insulin Research Institute of Experimental and Bruunsgaard, B.K. Pedersen // Immunol. concentrations in man / D.R.Matthews, Clinical Medicine; 630117, Novosibirsk, Allergy. – 2003. - Vol.23. – P.15–39. J.P.Hosker, A.S.Rudenski [et al.] // Dia- Timakov st., 2, Russia; yvl1308@mail. 6. Duki Y. Relationship of Body betology. – 1985. – Vol.28. – P.412–419. ru; Anthropometry with Cardiovascular 9. Uric acid as a factor in the meta- Selyatitskaya V.G., Doctor of Risk Factors in a Random Community bolic syndrome / R.L. Borges, A.B. Ri- Biological Sciences, Professor, Sample: The Phoenix Lifestyle Project beiro, M.T. Zanella, M.C. Batista // Curr. Chief Researcher of Laboratory of / Y. Duki, D.P. Naidoo //Metab. Syndr. Hypertension Rep. –2010. - Vol.12, N2. Endocrinology of Research Institute of Relat. Disord. – 2016. - Vol.14, No2. – – P.113–119. Experimental and Clinical Medicine; P.102-107. 10. Visceral adiposity index: a reli- 630117, Novosibirsk, Timakov st., 2; 7. Harmonizing the Metabolic Syn- able indicator of visceral fat function as- Russia, [email protected]; drome. A Joint Interim Statement of the sociated with cardiometabolic risk / M.C. Deev D.A., Junior Researcher of International Diabetes Federation Task- Amato, C. Giordano, M. Galia [et al.] // Laboratory of Endocrinology of Research force on Epidemiology and Prevention; Diabetes Care. - 2010. - Vol.33, No4. - Institute of Experimental and Clinical National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; P.920–922. Medicine; 630117, Novosibirsk, Timakov American Heart Association; World Heart 11. Visceral obesity and the heart st., 2; [email protected]. Federation; International Atherosclerosis /P.Mathieu, P. Pibarot, E. Larose [et al.] Society; and International Association for // Int. J. Biochem. CellBiol. – 2008. – the Study of Obesity / K.G.M.M. Alberti, Vol.40. – P.821–836. R.H. Eckel, S.M. Grundy [et al.] // Circu-

O.N. Poteryaeva, G.S. Russkikh, A.A. Rozumenko, N.G. Biushkina, Churkina T.V., Goltsova T.V., Osipova L.P., Polyakov L.M. HORMONAL STATUS AND LIPID SPECTRUM IN THE POPULATION OF SAMBURG VILLAGE, THE YAMAL - NENETS AUTONOMOUS REGION

ABSTRACT We estimated main indices of lipid metabolism and hormonal status in blood serum obtained from indigenous inhabitants (tundra Nenetses) of Samburg village and non-indigenous population (mostly Russians) who arrived from other regions. The study revealed an increased concentration of insulin in all groups and a lower level of cortisol and thyroxin (women) in non-indigenous population. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia as well as a high atherogenic index were found in the representatives of non-indigenous male population. A high level of insulin, an increased content of atherogenic fractions of lipoproteins, and a decrease in HDL content at a low activity of the thyroid gland and adrenal cortex are likely to result in the development of metabolic syndrome, especially in the representatives of non-indigenous population. Keywords: hormones, lipid spectrum, tundra Nenets, non-indigenous population, Samburg village the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

INTRODUCTION the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB north, longitude 78° 25′ east), Purovsky Human adaptation in the Far North RAS (ICG SB RAS). Material for the study district. Overall, 80 inhabitants (40 is accompanied by essential alteration of was collected during the expeditions to men and 40 women) 21 – 65 years of all physiological systems. The so-called the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region age were examined. Among them were “polar stress syndrome” emerges in non- (YNAR) in 2014 by researchers from the representatives of indigenous nation indigenous population and deteriorates Laboratory of population ethnogenetics (tundra Nenetses) and non-indigenous functional parameters of many systems at ICG SB RAS under the supervision population (mostly Russians) who came of the body. The formation of a “northern of the Laboratory Head Ph.D. (biol.) from other regions. type of metabolism” is characterized Osipova L.P. Blood was taken from the ulnar by rearrangement of the exchange of The study was approved by the vein after 10-12 hours of night proteins, lipids and carbohydrates [2]. bioethics Commission Institute of fasting. The concentrations of The study aimed to compare the Cytology and genetics. Blood donations thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), level of hormonal metabolism and lipid were taken in compliance with thyrotrophic hormone (TTH), cortisol, status in non-indigenous and indigenous international rules using the informed dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate population of Samburg village, the consent from volunteers who were (DHEAS) and testosterone in blood serum Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. practically healthy at the time of the were measured with ELISA test kits (St. MATERIALS AND METHODS study. The study involved indigenous Petersburg), estradiol with HEMA ELISA The study was carried out under the persons and non-indigenous population kits (Germany), insulin with Monobind agreement on scientific cooperation with of Samburg village (latitude 67°0’ Inc kit (USA), and ACTH with Biomerica 36 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

ELISA kit (USA). The concentrations of Table 1 total cholesterol (TCS), CS of very low, Blood content of hormones in representatives of indigenous and non-indigenous low and high density lipoproteins (CS- population of Samburg village (M ± m) VLDL, CS-LDL, CS-HDL), triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) in blood Non- Non- serum were measured on a Labsystem Hormones Indigenous Indigenous indigenous indigenous (Finland) autoanalyzer using Biocon men women men women (Germany) kits; atherogenic index (AI) Insulin was calculated as a ratio of TCS-CS- (0.7 – 9.0 µIU/mL) 12.44 ± 1.79 16.37 ± 2.10 15.05 ± 1.40 16.18 ± 1.39 HDL to CS-HDL. Statistical treatment was carried Р - - out with Statistika 9.0 software using Cortisol nonparametric statistical methods 711.50 ± 624.55 ± 604.20 ± 499.65± (150 – 660 nmol/L) (Mann-Whitney rank sum test and 62.01 53.38 61.62 49.56 Spearman correlation coefficient). - Р - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION DHEA-S The study of hormonal status (0.8 – 3.9 µg/mL) 2.34 ± 0.20 2.15 ± 0.16 1.25 ± 0.08 1.54 ± 0.15 revealed an increased concentration of insulin in all groups: indigenous and Р - - non-indigenous, men and women. In all TTH groups, insulin content exceeded the (0.23 – 3.4 µIU/mL) 1.47 ± 0.15 1.70 ± 0.11 1.78 ± 0.22 1.80 ± 0.21 reference values, i.e. it was above 9.0 Р - - µIU/mL (Table 1). In non-indigenous women, the concentration of insulin was T 4 119.15 ± higher and insulinemia was observed (53 – 158 nmol/L) 133.15 ± 5.67 76.75 ± 5.01 62.55 ± 2.18 5.27 in 95% of cases as compared to Р - Р< 0.05 indigenous persons. In non-indigenous men, this parameter was higher by T3 32% in comparison with indigenous (1.0 – 2.8 nmol/L) 1.29 ± 0.05 1.28 ± 0.08 1.80 ± 0.12 1.80 ± 0.12 population (Tables 1). Statistically Р - - significant differences in the content of insulin between men and women were Testosterone not found. The increased concentration (12.1 – 38.3 nmol/L) 21.42 ± 1.79 18.53 ± 1.92 1.52 ± 0.22 1.52 ± 0.22 of insulin may testify to the development Р - - of insulin resistance in men and women; however, this is more pronounced in the Table 2 group of non-indigenous population. Similar results were obtained in our Blood content of lipids in representatives of indigenous and non-indigenous population study of female population of Tazovsky of Samburg village (M ± m) village (YNAO) [1]. A high level of insulin was found by Keyl V.R. et al. [3] in the Non-in- personnel of JSC ALROSA in Mirniy, the Indigenous digenous Indigenous Non-indigenous Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), particularly men men women women in ground services. A reliable decrease in thyroxin CS, mmol/L 4.76±0.22 5.60±0.34 4.73±0.19 5.16±0.27 concentration (T4) by 23% (P < 0.01) P P < 0.05 – and cortisol content by 21% was found TG, mmol/L 0.82±0.06 1.86±0.30 0.98±0.09 1.35±0.16 in non-indigenous women as compared to indigenous ones (Table 1). A lower P P < 0.001 – content of cortisol was observed in non- CS-VLDL indigenous men (Table 1). Blood serum 0.25±0.04 0.82±0.22 0.37±0.06 0.71±0.22 mmol/L content of cortisol in indigenous persons P P < 0.01 – (males and females) was at the upper CS-LDL limit of reference values (Tables 1). 3.06±0.21 3.70±0.29 3.06±0.14 3.30±0.27 mmol/L Analysis of the lipid profile in the P – – representatives of indigenous and non- CS-HDL indigenous population showed some 1.46±0.11 1.09±0.11 1.30±0.10 1.15±0.07 mmol/L differences: non-indigenous men had significantly higher contents of TCS, P P < 0.01 – TG, CS-VLDL and atherogenic index, AI 2.49±0.26 4.81±0.55 3.00±0.29 3.82±0.41 whereas the level of CS-HDL was lower P P < 0.001 – by 34% (Table 2). Therewith, in non- FFA 0.46±0.07 0.60±0.08 0.49±0.06 0.53±0.05 indigenous men, lipid indices exceeded mmol/L the reference values of physiological P – – norm (Recommendations of the Russian 2’ 2016 37

Scientific Society of Cardiologists, 2012): women]. Vestnik Ural’skoj meditsinskoj Rozumenko Aleksandr Anatolievich TCS (> 5 mmol/L), TG (> 1.7 mmol/L) akademicheskoj nauki [Herald of Ural Ph.D. (biol.), Senior researcher, and AI (> 3 units); this reliably indicates Medical Academic Science]. 2014, № 2, Laboratory of medical biotechnology, the presence of hypertriglyceridemia p. 149-152. [email protected], and hypercholesterolemia. 2. Panin L.E. Gomeostaz tel. (383) 306-42-57. Thus, inhabitants of the village showed i problemy pripolyarnoj meditsiny Biushkina Natalia Grigorievna an increased concentration of insulin in (metodologicheskie aspekty adaptatsii Senior researcher, Laboratory all groups and a lower level of cortisol [Homeostasis and problems of subpolar of medical biotechnology, biushki­ and thyroxin (women) in non-indigenous medicine (methodological aspects of [email protected], tel. (383) 306- population. Hypertriglyceridemia and adaptation]. SD RAMS Bulletin, 2010, V. 42-57. hypercholesterolemia as well as a high 30, № 6, P. 6-11. Goltsova Tatiana Vladimirovna atherogenic index were found in the 3. Keyl V.R. Nikolaev Scientific Secretary of the Institute, representatives of non-indigenous male Yu.A. Selyatitskaya V.G. [et al.] [email protected], tel. (383) 335-96-58. population. Sostoyanie zdorov’ya rabotnikov Polyakov Lev Mikhailovich High level of insulin, increased almazodobyvayushhej promyshlennosti Dr. Sci. (med.), professor, Head of content of atherogenic fractions of Yаkutii [Level of health in Yakutia Laboratory of medical biotechnology lipoproteins, and suppressed synthesis diamond industry workers]. Novosibirsk, [email protected], (383) 306-42-57 of HDL at a low activity of the thyroid Nauka, 2009, 168 p. Federal State Budgetary Scientific gland and adrenal cortex can give rise to Institution Federal Research Center the development of metabolic syndrome, Information about the authors: Institute of Cytology and Genetics of especially in the representatives of non- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy indigenous population. Federal State Budgetary Scientific of Sciences, Russia, Novosibirsk, The authors are grateful to Moletotova Institution “Research Institute of 630090, Academician Lavrentyev N.A, Tabihanova Z.E. and Burlakova Biochemistry”, Russia, 630117, Avenue, 10: N.A. for taking part in the expedition and Novosibirsk, Timakova str. 2: Osipova Lyudmila Pavlovna technical assistance. Poteryaeva Olga Nikolaevna Ph.D. (biol.), Head of Laboratory Dr. Sci. (med.), Leading researcher, of population ethnogenetics, e-mail: REFERENCES: Laboratory of medical biotechnology, [email protected], tel. 8(383) 363-49- 1. Poteryaeva O.N. Russkikh G.S. e-mail: [email protected], tel. 54 Mokrushnikov P.V. [i dr.] Gormonal’nyj (383) 306-42-57 Churkina Tatiana Valeryevna, Junior status, lipidnyj spektr i mikrovyazkost’ Russkikh Galina Sergeevna Research Associate of Laboratory membran u zhitel’nits Severa Ph.D. (biol.), Senior researcher, of population ethnogenetics, e-mail: [Hormonal status, lipid spectrum and Laboratory of medical biotechnology, [email protected], tel. 8(383) 363-49-54 membrane microviscosity in the North [email protected], tel. (383) 306-42-57.

Semenova E.I, Olesova L.D, Krivoshapkina Z.N. THE HEMOGRAM CONDITION OF THE SAKHA REPUBLIC’S NORTHERN AND CENTRAL POPULATION

ABSTRACT We studied peripheral blood parameters of population of the northern (Anabarskij) and central (Megino-Kangalasskij) regions (uluses) of Yakutia. We revealed significant differences in the hemogram. More than 50% of the residents of the Megino-Kangalasskij ulus have increased red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration, which is not typical for the indigenous people, especially for women. The Anabarskij ulus residents have absolute and relative monocytosis probably associated with food and the environment. The blood count is more harmonious in the population of the Anabarskij ulus. Keywords: Arctic, hemogram, golden blood proportion, monocytosis.

INTRODUCTION conditionof the functional reserves of blood indices of Anabarsky and Megino- Currently the incidence rate of our the body, adaptative processes of the Kangalassky districts’ residents. population needs a serious care for hematopoietic system in response to MATERIALS AND METHODS human’s state of health, in connection with the intensity and character change Research was conducted among possible harmful effects of surrounding of influencing environmental factors. working-age population from Northern and social environment factors, defining Besides that, participation of hematosis and Central districts at the age of 18 to effects of their impact on health, which organs in forming mechanisms of 65. In total 386 people were surveyed, requires biomedical research with protection and compensating for various 184 from Anabarsky district and 202 finding a morphologiccomposition pathologic processes is estimated [7]. from Megino-Kangalassky district. of peripheral blood. Totality of That’s why available and fast analysis of Cells of peripheral blood per quantitative and qualitative indices of hemogram is used for rating adaptation unit volume (1mm3) of blood were complete blood count characterizes condition of human’s organism. determined by a hematologic automatic cell counts of the peripheral blood, Purpose. Evaluation of hematologic analyzer MICROS 60 (France), using 38 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

J.T. BAKER’s (Netherlands) reagents. (M) and as a standard error of the mean Among women the average indices Following parameters of peripheral (m) in a normal distribution of indices. of hemogram were in the zone of blood were determined: the quantity Statistical significance of differences physiological norm and were significantly of red blood cells (RBC) and white was determined by Student’s t-test for different depending on the place of blood cells (WBC), concentration of independent samples, threshold level of residence, although the average number hemoglobin (HGB). Determination of statistical significance was taken at the of red blood cells was at the upper limit of color index was calculated by dividing value of p< 0.05. normal for both Anabarsky and Megino- triple quantity of gram% hemoglobin RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Kangalassky districts’ residents (tab. 1). to the first two numbers of erythrocyte According to the results the data At the same time, the increase of the counts. The ideal formula of white blood obtained, the average indices of number of red blood cells was found in in the percentage calculation is close Anabarsky and Megino-Kangalassky 41% of Megino-Kangalassky district’s to the Fibonacci sequence (basophils, districts’ residents were within normal women and 26% of Anabarsky district’s stab neutrophils -1%, eosinophils -3%, values, except the proportion of women, and erythropenia was found monocytes – 5%, lymphocytes 30-34%, monocytes of Anabarsky district’s in 3.73% and 2.15% accordingly. The segmental neutrophils – 58-62%), and inhabitants, which indices were increase of the level of hemoglobin the ratio of the sum of granulocytes to higher than its recommended rates. concentration was revealed for the the sum of agranulocytes is close to Comparative analysis of hemogram halfofthesurveyedwomenof Megino- the golden proportion (1,618) [3,4,9]. revealed significant differences between Kangalassky district, as well as men, The golden proportion of blood was the residents of both areas (tab.1). which was 55.4%. The decrease of the calculated among selected leukograms Comparative analysis of red blood level of hemoglobin concentration in close to the Fibonacci sequence by data by sex revealed that men of Megino- 27.8% was observed for the women of calculating the ratio of granulocytes to Kangalassky district in comparison Anabarsky district. agranulocytes. The harmonious formula with men of Anabarsky district had a The color index is located on the of a healthy person’s white blood shall significantly higher average number lower limit of normal range for men and not deviate from the golden ratio to of red blood cells and the hemoglobin women of Anabarsky district, which is the increasing or decreasing side that concentration, so they were at the upper 38% and 42% respectively. is more than 12% (1,424-1,812). If the limit of normal. It is known from the literary deviation exceeds from 12 to 23% in one The increase of the number of sources that one of the most frequent or another side, it would mean a light red blood cells and the hemoglobin occurrences of external positive reasons disbalance and disharmony in a white concentration was found in 48% of for an increasing number of red blood blood cell system, and the deviation of Megino-Kangalassky district’s men cells and the level of hemoglobin more than 24% and higher means hard and 42.6% of Anabarsky district’s men; concentration is physical activity or disbalance [4]. Static result processing increasing the number of red blood cells living in the highlands. And the negative was conducted using statistical package was observed only in 9% of men, the factors include smoking, alcohol, SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Quantitative level of hemoglobin was significantly harmful substances and helminthiases. data are presented as average indices lower in 45%. Increasing level of hemoglobin

Hematologic indices of blood depending on the district and gender

Men Women Megino- Megino- Hemogram Anabarsky Anabarsky Megino- Anabarsky Kangalassky p Kang- p indices disctrict p district Kangalassky district district alassky (n=44) (n=68) (n=140) (n=134) Erythro- cytes, 4,57±0,4 4,7±0,03 0,000 4,75±0,07 5,11±0,06 0,000 4,51±0,48 4,57±0,04

Hemo­ 125,5±1,31 145,57±0,00 0,000 131,77±2,11 159,22±1,56 0,000 123,53±1,56 138,65±2,97 0,000 globin Color index 0,82±0,00 0,92±0,00 0,000 0,83±0,00 0,92±0,00 0,000 0,82±0,00 0,91±0,00 0,000

Leukocytes 6,21±0,13 5,53±0,09 0,000 6,82±0,34 5,6±30,15 0,000 6,01±0,13 5,47±0,12 0,004

Segmented, 54,72±0,56 62,60±0,63 0,000 55,55±1,23 62,85±1,14 0,000 54,47±0,62 62,47±0,76 0,000 % Lympho­ 35,84±0,58 30,77±0,69 0,008 35,06±1,26 30,38±1,04 0,008 36,08±0,66 30,96±0,89 0,000 cytes, % Monocytes, 9,43±0,21 6,63±0,35 0,000 9,38±0,36 6,76±0,22 0,001 9,44±0,25 6,56±0,52 0,000 % ESR, mm/h 10,81±0,66 13,66±0,76 0,005 8,18±1,19 8,89±0,93 11,63±0,76 15,89±0,97 0,000 Golden section of 1,281±0,03 1,842±0,05 0,000 1,345±0,08 1,880±0,09 0,000 1,261±0,03 1,823±0,06 0,000 blood 2’ 2016 39 concentration in blood leads to blood of monocytopoiesis activation can be are rare, particularly among indigenous becoming more viscous, which impedes considered as a specific component, women of Yakutia. An absolute and its normal advancement through the which is determined by the nature of relative monocytosis, found in the vessels, and these phenomena can lead extreme factors. population of the Arctic district, might to the formation of thrombi and blood An accelerated ESR was observed be associated with the specific nutrition clots and as a result it leads to vascular in 18% of men and 22% of women in and the deterioration of the ecological occlusion, heart attacks and strokes [7]. Anabarsky district and 23.3% of men and state of the environment, connected with According to evaluation of differential 35% of women in Megino-Kangalassky the mining industry’s activity in recent WBC on all types of white blood cells district. decades. The population of Anabarsky significant gender differences were The average values of the golden district, both men and women, has found in districts. So,neutrophilia was section of blood were within easy a more harmonious hemogram than detected in 20.58% of men and 21% imbalance among residents of both the residents of Megino-Kangalassky of women in Megino-Kangalassky districts. Harmonic formula of leukogram district. district. Leukopenia was detected in was detected in 13.6% of men and one-quarter of men in Anabarsky district 18.5% of women of Anabarsky district References: and lymphocytosis was detected in and in 29.4% of men and 19.4% of 1. Gerasimova L.V. Himicheskij one-quarter of women. Absolute and women of Megino-Kangalassky district. sostav vody reki Anabar v rajone relative monocytosis was detected in A strong disharmony of leukogram poselka Saskylah (Respubliki Saha a half of surveyed men and women of towards increasing (above 2,006) (YAkutiya) [The chemical composition of Anabarsky district, which is 54% and was observed in 11.7% of men of the the water in the river Anabar settlement 55% accordingly (tab.1). Central district. The shift of leukogram Saskylah area (the Republic of Sakha It is known from the literary sources towards decreasing (below 1,229) was (Yakutia)] URL: http://www.rae.ru/ that monocytes/macrophages have observed in 3% and 15% of males of forum2010/54/961 (Data obrashcheniya: higher activity than neutrophils in an both districts. Among women a strong 11.10.2015). acidic environment [5]. One of the disharmony of leukogram towards 2. B.M. Kershengolts [et.al.] Bio- reasons for the Arctic inhabitants to have increasing was observed in 8.2% of preparaty iz prirodnogo rastitel’nogo monocytosis might be native traditional women of Megino-Kangalassky district. biosyr’ya v sohranenii zdorov’ya nas- nutrition with constant and high protein A strong disharmony was not observed eleniya v usloviyah izmenenij klimata intake (meat of wild deer and fish), in inhabitants of Anabarsky district (obzor) [Biological products from natu- which is one of the factors of internal regardless of gender. A high imbalance ral plant bio raw- stuff in preserving the environment oxidation. Besides that, towards decreasing was observed in health of the population in the context any stress effect of hypoxic nature in the 4.5% of women of Megino-Kangalassky of climate change (review]. Ehkologiya early stages and in the process of tissue district and in 13.6% of women of cheloveka. – 2010. – №3. – S. 8 – 15. hypoxia increasing leads to mononuclear Anabarsky district. 3. Kidalov V.N. Ochishchenie kro- phagocyte activation of bone marrow. From the standpoint of the nature, the vi. Princip «zolotogo secheniya» v meto- That is why monocytosis is a non- meaning of the harmonious functioning dah garmonizacii zdorov’ya [Cleansing specific response of the body to any of the organism is to make its systems, the blood. The principle of «golden sec- stress effect both internal and external organs and cells to perform their tion»].SPb.: Izdatel’skij dom «Neva»; M.: [8]. Environment of Anabarsky district is functions with the smallest expense of OLMA-PRESS EHklibris.-2003.-160 p. under a sufficiently high anthropogenic energy. Harmony of components of the 4. Kidalov V.N., Kulikova L.N. impact. Over the recent years the mining organism as a whole and one of its most Chetyre gruppy krovi i zdorov’e. [The industry is rapidly developing in the area. important parts – blood - is associated four blood groups and health]. SPb.: Mining complexes were created and now with resonances in nature, in many Izdatel’skij dom «Neva»; M.: OLMA- are operating at the alluvial diamond ways based on the golden ratio (GR) PRESS Ehklibris, 2003, 128 p. deposits. It is known that intensive [2,3,9,11]. 5. G.I. Kozinec [i dr.]. Krov’ i in- developing of natural resources of the Loss of the golden ratio – disharmony fekciya [Blood and infection]. M.: Triada- Far North, with its extremely vulnerable of immune system - largely depends on Farm, 2001, 456p. nature, is the cause of the ecological the state of the internal environment of 6. G.I. Kozinec [i dr.]. Krov’ i eh- crisis. Soil cover of the village Saskylakh the organism and severe disharmony kologiya [Blood and ecology]. M.: Prak- is contaminated with iron, ammonia of the golden ratio of blood towards ticheskaya medicina, 2007, 432 p. nitrogen. Low content of organic matter increasing is always qualitatively worse 7. Kozinets G.I., Vysotskij V. V. also shows the pollution of soil-ground. than disharmony towards decreasing. Krov’ i biokosmicheskij aspekt chelove- Water of Anabar river near Saskylakh CONCLUSION ka [Blood and biocosmic aspect of hu- village had a decreased mineralization Thus, we could conclude, that man]. Gematol. i transfuziol, 2012, V. 57, (up to 102 mg/l) and is contaminated according to the results of hematological № 3, pp. 40-46. with iron (1.8), copper (1.8), suspended blood tests among residents of the North 8. Ulitko M. V. Rol’ monocitov- solids (44), COD (2.8), and ammonium Anabarsky and the Central Megino- makrofagov v adaptivnyh reakciyah ions in the summer season (5.6) [1,10] Kangalassky districts, significant krovetvornoj tkani pri dejstvii na orga- So the response of monocytic germ of differences in the parameters of nizm ehkstremal’nyh faktorov: diss. ... hematopoiesisto various extreme factors hemogram were observed. Men and kand. biol. nauk [Role of monocyte- consists of the specific and non-specific women of the Central district have an macrophages in adaptive reactions of components. Non-specific component increased red blood cell count and hematopoietic tissue at the action on the appears in increasing the total number hemoglobin concentration, which is organism of extreme factors: PhD (Biol- of monocytic cells in the bone marrow. alarming and requires further in-depth ogy) diss…Ekaterinburg, 2008, 183 p. The severity and nature of the reaction biomedical research, as these changes 9. Subbota A.G. «Zolotoe seche- 40 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL nie» (Sectio aurea) v medicine [«Golden Tri vzglyada na prirodu garmonii [Har- candidate of biological sciences, the Section» (Sectio aurea) in medicine]. mony as the law of nature. Golden Sec- head of the laboratory biochemical SPbVMA, 1994, 143 p. tion. Three views on the nature of har- mechanisms of adaptation FGBNU 10. Tuprina S.E., Legostaeva mony]. M.:Strojizdat, 1990, 343 p. “Yakut Scientific Center of complex Ya.B. Ehkologicheskoe sostoyanie ma- medical problems”; 677019, g. Jakutsk, lyh naselennyh punktov v lesotundrovoj Autors: Sergeljahskoe shosse, 4; oles59@mail. zone na primere sela SaskylahAnabar- Semjonova Evgenija Ivanovna ru. skogo ulusa RS (Ya) [The ecological sta- – candidate of biological sciences, Krivoshapkina Zoja Nikolaevna tus of small settlements in the forest-tun- candidate of biological sciences, the – candidate of biological sciences, dra zone on the example of the village senior researcher of biochemical the senior researcher of biochemical Saskylakh Anabar ulus Republic Sakha mechanisms of adaptation FGBNU mechanisms of adaptation FGBNU (Yakutia)]. Uspekhi sovremennogo est- “Yakut Scientific Center of complex “Yakut Scientific Center of complex estvoznaniya, №8, 2011, P. 71. medical problems”; 677019, g. Jakutsk, medical problems”; 677019, g. Jakutsk, 11. Shevelyov I.Sh., Marutaev Sergeljahskoe shosse, 4; kunsuntar@ Sergeljahskoe shosse, 4; zoyakriv@ M.A., Shmelyov I.P. Garmoniya kak za- mail.ru. mail.ru. konomernost’ prirody. Zolotoe sechenie. Olesova Ljubov’ Dygynovna –

L.I. Konstantinova, G.E. Mironova, E.D. Okhlopkova, A.V. Efremova, L.D. Olesova STATUS OF PRO- AND ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE IN FREESTYLE WRESTLERS IN YAKUTIA IN DIFFERENT SEASONS

ABSTRACT We studied a state of pro- and antioxidant balance in the athletes - freestyle wrestlers of Yakutia, aged from 18 up to 29 years. It is revealed that the CAOP/LPO characterizing pro-antioxidant balance depends on a season. The lowest CAOP/LPO values are noted during the winter period that is caused by the prooxidant processes connected with increase of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration. The intensification the CAOP/LPO in spring time is connected with activation compensatory adaptation reactions from antioxidant protection (increase of activity of SOD and CAT). Keywords: lipid peroxidation, antioxidant protection, pro- and oxidant balance, seasons.

INTRODUCTION the state of the pro- and antioxidant at equilibrium at different stages of The most important component of balance in athletes of the Republic of study was calculated using the formula the adaptive reactions of the body is Sakha (Yakutia), engaged in wrestling. coefficient: a system of “lipid peroxidation (LPO) - MATERIAL AND METHODS CAOP/LPO = (LMAO + SOD + CAT) / antioxidant protection (AOP)”, which As objects of study we chose athletes TBA-RP. allows evaluating the stability of biological - wrestlers of high school sports in The obtained data were statistically systems to the effects of external and Yakutsk. A total of 45 ethnic Yakut men, processed by the statistical package internal environment. In normal living aged 18 to 29 years old, were under STATISTICA software application. conditions in the functioning of systems study. Athletes had the highest sports RESULTS AND DISCUSSION in terms of the physiological optimum skills and were candidates for master of According to our data, the content exists pro- and antioxidant balance, sports, master of sports of international of low molecular weight antioxidants which is an essential mechanism of class masters of sports, Honored Master (LMAO) in the membranes of red blood oxidative homeostasis. of Sports. cells in athletes winter statistically It is known that intense exercise leads The intensity of free radical significantly increased in 1,43 times in to excessive formation of reactive oxygen oxidation of lipids was evaluated comparison with the level in the autumn species and a significant increase in the spectrophotometrically by accumulation of the year. In the spring there was a speed of lipid peroxidation (LPO). In the of erythrocyte membranes products react decrease of this index by 18%. Changes few publications it is shown that lipid with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-RP) [9]. in the activity of superoxide dismutase peroxidation processes play an important Indicators of non-enzymatic antioxidant (SOD) and catalase (CAT), depending on role in the development of fatigue and defense level were determined by the the season was the same. We note the reduced physical performance [1,16]. total content in the blood serum of low tendency of increase of these enzymes. Analysis of published data shows that molecular weight antioxidants (LMAO) The lowest values were observed in the the state of the pro- and antioxidant [10]. Characteristics of enzymatic autumn, the highest in winter (Table. 1). balance in the different stages of the antioxidant defense unit (AOD) were The level of TBA-reactive products training cycle at the freestyle wrestlers, determined by the activity of the enzymes (TBA-RP) in winter was significantly practicing in the Republic Sakha superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood higher (p <0.01) than in the autumn and (Yakutia), little studied. There are only a erythrocytes [12], catalase (CAT) in the spring seasons (Fig. 1). A significant few works [5, 6, 7, 8]. blood serum [2]. increase of TBA-RP in the winter was The aim of this study was to evaluate To determine the antioxidant status probably due to the fact that at this time 2’ 2016 41 of the year increased the number of Indicators of AOP in freestyle wrestlers in different seasons events as a Republican, Russian and international importance. The specifics Seasons of the competition are not only connected Index AOP P with an increase in physical activity, Autumn Winter Spring but also psycho-emotional stress, with (n=11) (n=14) (n=20) LMAO, the change of time zones, as part of 0,069±0,017 0,099±0,011* 0,081±0,014 р<0,05 the competition take place outside the mg * eq / ml country. SOD, In order to determine the state with umol / mL * 0,053±0,001 0,061±0,000** 0,076±0,010** р<0,01 antioxidant balance, depending on the min CAT, season, we have analyzed changes 0,619±0,201 0,731±0,107 0,825±0,055* р<0,05 CAOP coefficient / LPO was calculated mkKat / L to the formula: CAOP/LPO = (LMAO + SOD + CAT) / TAC-RP. Note: ** p <0.01 compared with the autumn season; * P <0.05 compared with the autumn Fig. 2 illustrates the dynamics of the season (including Bonferroni corrections); * P <0.05 compared to the winter season coefficient characterizing the state in peroxidation in the body depends on L.E. Panin [11], the process of adapta- antioxidant balance, depending on the the AOC organism. According to our tion to the adverse climatic, geophysical time of year. research, in the winter season, when and weather protection is accompanied As can be seen from Fig. 2. autumn increased TBA-RP, it is best to re- by a decrease in the content of water- C / was 0,13 standard units in win- AOP LPO spond non-enzymatic link of the AOC. soluble vitamins (C) in the blood and ter, there was a decrease of this ratio to It is known that the state of equilibrium urine. These changes are the author of 31% compared to the autumn season. of pro- and antioxidant in the body not the study relates to adaptive processes, That is, in the body of the surveyed ath- only affect endogenous antioxidants and and links them to the needs of these vita- letes in winter prevailed prooxidant pro- exogenous, which include both water mins with fluctuations carbohydrate and cesses. Significant reduction C / AOP LPO soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. In the fat metabolism. winter caused a statistically significant extreme climatic conditions of Yakutia Discovered fact of lipid peroxidation increase in the concentration of TBA- antioxidant defense of the indigenous intensification in athletes under the in- RP and LMAO and increased activity of population is low in vitamins and low fluence of the conditions of the North, is SOD and CAT. Low value C / the AOP LPO molecular weight antioxidants, as well consistent with the published data on the winter is a sign of fatigue and overwork, as the entire population of the North. It stimulating effect of specific and nonspe- which means reduction of organism re- should be noted that even in apparently cific factors of high latitudes in the pro- sistance to the effects of factors exter- healthy persons in the control group, cesses of free-radical lipid degradation nal and internal environment, which may the availability of ascorbic acid does [3]. At very low temperatures, reduced lead to disruption of homeostasis and not conform to generally accepted stan- oxygen partial pressure, and due to this development of pathological processes. dards. In the middle of the last century, hypoxia, which is one of the reasons for In the spring there was an increase G.M. Danishevsky [4] found a significant increasing the rate of free-radical pro- C / 2,3 times (p <0,01) as com- AOP LPO exchange value of ascorbic acid in hu- cesses [4]. pared to the winter season, due to the man acclimatization in the North. When Thus, our results suggest that the activation of compensatory-adaptation elevated sympathetic nervous system physical and emotional stress inherent reaction on the part of AOP: increases function occurs enhanced utilization of in the sport of high achievements, lead the activity of SOD and CAT level. The ascorbic acid, this may lead to endog- to the growth of LPO in the winter sea- concentration of TBA-RP decreased by enous hypovitaminosis that G.M. Dan- son. It was revealed that intense exer- 50% (p <0,01) compared with the level ishevsky calls the “acclimatization”. A cise accelerated prooxidant processes in the winter season. number of studies conducted among the during the winter season. Displacement E.D. Okhlopkova (8) noted that the population of Yakutia, identified ascorbic of pro- and antioxidant balance in the state of pro- and antioxidant balance in acid deficiency in the blood and urine of winter in the direction of activation of freestyle wrestlers depends on the stage healthy individuals. Studies have shown lipid peroxidation is due to a statistically of the training cycle. Significant reduction

CAOP/LPO at all stages of the training cycle caused a statistically significant increase in the concentration of TBA-RP and a relatively small increase in CAT activity, SOD and GP in erythrocyte membranes.

The lowest values CAOP/LPO on the recov- ery period of the training cycle are signs of fatigue and overexertion. In the literature it has been reported that the content of LPO products in blood depends on the nature and intensity of exercise [11]. In respect of CAT there is evidence of reducing the activity of the Fig. 1. TBA-RP level in erythrocyte Fig. 2. Changes coefficient CAOP/LPO in enzyme under the influence of physical membranes in freestyle wrestlers freestyle wrestlers in different seasons of the activity [13]. in different seasons (mmol / l) year (standard units). It is known that the intensity of lipid 42 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL significant (p <0,01) increase in the level Respubliki Saha (Jakutija) [Assessment sportsmenov, trenirujushhihsja v raznyh of TBA-RP. of the health of young athletes of the biojenergeticheskih rezhimah, v otvet Republic Sakha (Yakutia)] Jakutskij na standartnuju fizicheskuju nagruzku References medicinskij zhurnal [Yakut Medical [Specific changes in the metabolism of 1. Boev V.M. Krasikov S.I. Aktivacija Journal], 2004, №2(6), pp.9-16. sportsmen training in different biopower perekisnogo okislenija lipidov pri 7. Ohlopkova E.D. Jakovleva A.I. modes in response to a standard jekstremal’nyh fizicheskih nagruzkah i Olesova L.D. Mironova G.E. Sostojanie exercise] Teorija i praktika fizicheskoj ego rol’ v razvitii utomlenija [Activation perekisnogo okislenija lipidov i kul’tury [Theory and Practice of Physical of lipid peroxidation in extreme physical antioksidantnoj zashhity u sportsmenov Culture], 2000, №3, pp.16–20. activity and its role in the development [Status of lipid peroxidation and 14. Constantine N.G., Stanley K.R. of fatigue] Stress, adaptacija i antioxidant defense in athletes] Jakutskij Superoxide dismutase in hanger plants. funkcional’nye narushenija. Tez.dokl. medicinskij zhurnal [Yakut Medical Plant Physiol, 1977, Vol.59, pp.565–569. Vses. Simpoziuma [Stress, adaptation Journal], 2009, №1(25), pp.30-32. 15. Djordjevic D. Cubrilo D. Macura and functional disorders. All-Union 8. Ohlopkova E.D. Mironova G.E. M. Barudzic N. et al. The influence of Symposium Reports]. Kishenev, Sostojanie pro- i antioksidantnogo training status on oxidative stress in Shtiinca, 1984, pp.113-114. ravnovesija u borcov vol’nogo young male handball players. Mol. Cell. 2. Marachev A.G Korneev A.V. stilja i bokserov na raznyh jetapah Biochem, 2011, N351(1-2), pp.251-259. Degteva G.N. i dr. Vzaimosvjaz’ trenirovochnogo cikla [Status of pro- and 16. Jenkins R.R. Martin D. Goldberg processov jeritropojeza, jeritrodiereza i antioxidant balance in freestyle wrestlers E. Lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscle perekisnogo okislenija lipidov membran and boxers at various stages of the during atrophy and acute exercise. Med. jeritrocitov [The relationship of training cycle] Jakutskij medicinskij Sci. Sports Exerc, 1983, Vol.15, 93p. erythropoiesis processes, eritrodieresis zhurnal [Yakut Medical Journal], 2009, and lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte №4(28), pp.60-64. Information about authors membranes] Vestnik AMN SSSR 9. Ohlopkova E.D. Adaptivnye reakcii Konstantinova Lena Ivanovna, [Bulletin of Medical Sciences of the organizma k intensivnym fizicheskim Researcher of Yakut Scientific Center of USSR], 1983, № 11, pp.65-73. nagruzkam sportsmenov Jakutii: avtoref. complex medical problems, tel.: 8964- 3. Ohlopkova E.D. Olesova L.D. dis... kand. biol. nauk [The adaptive 423-72-00, e-mail: [email protected] Konstantinova L.I. i dr. Vlijanie jakutskogo response of the body to intense exercise Mironova Galina Egorovna, kumysa na nekotorye prooksidantno- of Yakutia athletes: Abstract. dis ... cand. Professor of the Department of antioksidantnye pokazateli organizma biol. science]. Jakutsk, 2011, 19p. Biochemistry and Biotechnology, sportsmenov [Influence of the Yakut 10. Pavlihina L.V. Eliseeva Ju.A. 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Akklimatizacija na Severe – osnova pervichnoj Laboratory of Immunology of Yakut cheloveka na Severe (s ocherkom profilaktiki [Nutrition in the North - the Scientific Center of complex medical kraevoj patologii i gigieny) basis of primary prevention] Problemy problems, PhD., e-mail: elena_ [Acclimatization person in the North sovremennogo social’nogo razvitija [email protected] (with a regional pathology and hygiene narodnostej Severa [Problems of modern Efremova Agrafena Vladimirovna, essay)]. Moscow: Medgiz, 1955, 358 p. social development of peoples of the Senior Researcher of Yakut Scientific 5. Koroljuk M.A. Ivanova L.I. Majorova North]. Novosibirsk, 1987, pp.223–230. Center of complex medical problems, I.G. Metod opredelenija aktivnosti 12. Rogozhin V.V. Metody PhD., e-mail: [email protected] katalazy [The method for determining biohimicheskih issledovanij [Methods of Olesova Lyubov Dygynovna, Senior the activity of catalase] Lab. delo [Lab biochemical research]. Jakutsk, 1999, Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of business], 1988, №1, pp.16–19. pp.91–93. Biochemistry of Yakut Scientific Center 6. Mironova G.E. Mironov V.A. 13. Suzdal’nickij R.S. Men’shikov of complex medical problems, PhD., Krivoshapkina Z.N. i dr. Ocenka I.V. Modera E.A. Specificheskie e-mail: [email protected] sostojanija zdorov’ja junyh sportsmenov izmenenija v metabolizme 2’ 2016 43

E. N. Mestnikova, N. V. Makharova, I. A. Pinigina, K. S. Gavril’eva ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF ATHLETES IN THE FAR NORTH

ABSTRACT The article presents research data of 12-lead electrocardiography at rest (Rest ECG) and Holter ECG monitoring of athletes. Daily assessment of cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances showed that the cardiac rhythm disorders by type of frequent supraventricular arrhythmia (up to 17 560/day) and frequent ventricular arrythmia (up to 22 450/daymost frequently encountered in endurance-athletes (aerobic exercises), whereas the athletes training speed-strength (dynamic loads) had conduction disturbances by type of the second-degree AV block Mobitz Type 1 (with a maximum duration of pauses up to 3 seconds) However, changes in Holter ECG and EchoCG have not been revealed in athletes with Brugada-like changes, but they are still under close control. Keywords: athlete’s heart, heart rhythm disorder, Holter ECG.

The functional state of a healthy per- plicates the differential diagnosis of both ventricular (0.5%) and supraventricu- son is always connected with close inter- pathological and physiological restruc- lar arrhythmias (5,25%), complete and action with the environment. The studies turing of the athlete’s heart [10,11,7]. incomplete right bundle branch block of the health status of the population in The main characteristics of structural (CRBBB/IRBBB) (25%), second-degree the Far North showed that a complex of remodeling of the athlete’s heart are: AV block (1.25 %), Brugada-like electro- climatic, geographical, biological, geo- increase in the volume of the left and cardiogram abnormalities (3,75%); and physical and environmental factors have right ventricles (not beyond the normal early repolarization (50%), dystrophic the most significant impact on human range), the left atrium on the background changes in the myocardium (5%). health [1,4,2,5]. Athletes are in a cer- of preserved systolic and diastolic func- Transient arrhythmias and conduc- tain group of healthy people, who lead tion [8]. The degree of these physiologi- tion (67.5%) are the most frequent pa- a unique way of life, and have a severe cal changes depends on anthropometric thology, which is considered as the ear- physical and psychological stress that data, gender, age, race, sport and ge- liest symptom of disadaptation. These cause “the restructuring” of the function- netic factors [9]. In our early studies we changes are well-adjusted by decrease ing of their organs and systems [10]. identified structural and functional fea- in physical activity, especially after long The human body has formed in the tures of the athletes’ hearts of the Yakut flights and desynchronoses. Disadapta- course of evolution the ability to adapt ethnic group (free wrestling). We found tion can lead to the development of fa- to changing environmental conditions. developing hypertrophy of the myocar- tigue, significant performance decrement Some external factors may cause dium of the left ventricle in 10% of the and, further, occurrence of diseases and changes in the physiological status and athletes. The concentric hypertrophy is injuries. It is alarming that frequent cas- homeostasis of a person, their morpho- characterized by less favorable function- es of transient asymptomatic Brugada- logical characteristics, etc. However, al parameters [6]. like electrocardiogram abnormalities the adaptive capacity of the organism is Since EchoCG does not give a com- (3,75%) have been recorded recently. not unlimited, thus, the athletes are not plete electrophysiology picture, we ad- These ECG changes require daily moni- always fully able to adapt to certain en- ditionally implemented Holter monitoring toring of an electrocardiogram. vironmental conditions, physical stress, (Holter ECG). We performed Holter ECG in 62 ath- resulting in maladaptation or disease of Our investigation is aimed to study letes with some ECG abnormalities. organs and systems [2]. the electrophysiological adaptation of The analysis of heart rate during Holt- The invention of new non-invasive cardiovascular system of the athletes in er ECG showed, that the average heart methods such as ECG, daily monitoring the Far North. rate of the endurance-athletes in the of ECG and blood pressure, echocar- MATERIALS AND METHODS daytime is 67.8 beats/min, while the rate diography (Echo), magnetic resonance We examined healthy athletes (not of the athletes training speed-strength – imaging (MRI) has made possible the below the candidate for master of sports) 71,4 beats/min. The Circadian index (CI) study and evaluation of complex struc- with a different orientation of the train- of all tested athletes was within the nor- tural-functional and electrophysiological ing processes. The sports experience mal range. Accordingly, in the nighttime adaptation of cardiovascular system of was at least 7 years. All tested athletes hours the relevant decrease in the heart the athletes known as “athlete’s heart”. underwent standard ECG-rest (Shiller- rate of these athletes was observed. The The changes, resulting from the ath- AT-1, Switzerland) (n=400) and Holter episodes of bradycardia at a rate of 39 letes’ examination according to the ECG, ECG (“Cardiosens-K”, Russia) (n=62). beats/min were recorded in the endur- EchoKG, may often resemble pathologi- The following parameters were evalu- ance-athletes (athletics). cal changes of the myocardium in hy- ated: heart rhythm, circadian rhythm of Daily assessment of cardiac rhythm pertensive disease (HD), hypertrophic heart rate, conditions abnormalities. and conduction disturbances showed and dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION that the cardiac rhythm disorders by type or arrhythmogenic right ventricular dys- Standard ECG screening (n=400) of frequent supraventricular arrhythmia plasia (ARVD), syndrome of ventricular detected the following changes: sinus (up to 17 560/day) (12.9%) and frequent pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-White), arrhythmia - 37,5%, transient arrhyth- ventricular arrythmia (up to 22 450/day) Brugada syndrome. Thus, it greatly com- mias and conduction – 67,5%, namely (3,2%) most frequently encountered in 44 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL endurance-athletes (aerobic exercises), rekcija simptomov dezadaptacii k opathy? Res Cardiol. 2009 Feb; 98 (2): whereas the athletes training speed- nagruzkam sovremennogo sporta i 80–8. strength (dynamic loads) had conduc- kompleksnaja sistema mer ih profilak- 9.Maron B.J., Pelliccia A. The Heart tion disturbances by type of the second- tiki [Diagnostics and differentiated cor- of Trained Athletes: Cardiac Remodel- degree AV block Mobitz Type 1 (with a rection of symptoms of deadaptation to ing and the Risks of Sports, Including maximum duration of pauses up to 3 loads of the modern sport, and a com- Sudden Death. Circulation. 2006; 114: seconds) (9.7 %). However, changes in prehensive system of measures for their 1633–1644. Holter ECG and EchoCG have not been prevention]. Teorija i praktika fizicheskoj 10.Pelliccia A., Maron B.J. The ath- revealed in athletes with Brugada-like kul’tury [Theory and practice of physical lete’s heart: remodeling, electrocardio- changes, but they are still under close culture]. 1999, №1, pp.18-24. gram and preparticipation screening. control. 4.Kaznacheev V.P. Kaznacheev S.V. Cardiol. Rev. Cardiology in Review: CONCLUSION Adaptacija i konstitucija cheloveka [Ad- March/April 2002; 10: 2: 85–90. Thus, the monitoring of the functional aptation and human constitution]. Novo- 11.Popp R. [et al.]. Cardiac anatomy state of athletes’ cardiovascular system sibirsk: Nauka [Science], 1986, p. 118. – viewed systematically with two dimen- allows diagnosing the early signs of 5.Manchuk V.T. Dogadin S.A. Kapus- sional echocardiography. Chest. 1979; disadaptation to prevent the develop- tina T.A. Osnovnye faktory formirovanija 75: 579–585. ment of pre-pathological and pathologi- patologii u naselenija Krajnego Severa cal conditions. Nowadays, professional [Major factors of formation of the pa- Information about authors sport puts high requirements to level of thology in population of the far North]. 1. Mestnikova Ekaterina Nikolae- functional training and health of the ath- Aktual’nye voprosy profilaktiki neinfek- vna, a cardiologist at the Department of letes. It is impossible to achieve high re- cionnyh zabolevanij: tez.dokl [Topical is- functional diagnostics Center for Sports sults, having done enormous amounts of sues of prevention of non-communicable Medicine and Rehabilitation at the GBU “work” with no cost to health, without the diseases: thesis report]. Moscow, 1993, of Sakha (Yakutia) “High school sports”, dynamic control of functional training. p.72. 678000 Yakutsk ul. Oiunsky 26, block B, The important step here is the proper or- 6.Pinigina I.A. Strukturno- E-mail: [email protected]; ganization of the system of training and funkcional’nye osobennosti serdechno- 2. Makharova Natalia Vladimirovna, recovery. sosudistoj sistemy i metabolicheskie po- MD, a cardiologist, chief medical of- kazateli u molodyh muzhchin s vysokoj ficer of the Center for Sports Medicine REFERENCES fizicheskoj aktivnost’ju v uslovijah Kra- and Rehabilitation at the GBU of Sakha 1.Deryapa N.R. Ryabinin I.F. Adap- jnego Severa: Avtorefef… diss. kand. (Yakutia) “High school sports”, 678000 tacija cheloveka v poljarnyh rajonah med. nauk [Structural and functional fea- Yakutsk ul. Oiunsky 26, block B, E-mail: zemli [Human adaptation in the polar re- tures of the cardiovascular system and [email protected]; gions of the Earth]. Leningrad, Medicine, metabolic parameters in young men with 3. Pinigina Irina A., MD, PhD, head 1977, p. 297. high physical activity in the Far North: of the department of functional diagnos- 2.Zakharova F.A. Jekologo-fizio- Dissertation of candidate of medical sci- tics of the Center for Sports Medicine logicheskie i patogeneticheskie meha- ences]. Novosibirsk, 2010, p.45. and Rehabilitation at the GBU of Sakha nizmy adaptacii i dezadaptacii korenno- 7.D’Andrea A. D’Andrea L. Caso P. (Yakutia) “High school sports”, 678000 go naselenija Jakutii: Avtoref… diss. d-ra Scherillo M. Zeppilli P. Calabr R. The Yakutsk ul. Oiunsky 26, block B, E-mail: med.nauk [Ecological, physiological and usefulness of Doppler myocardial im- [email protected]; pathogenetic mechanisms of adapta- aging in the study of the athlete’s heart 4. Christina Gavrilyeva Semenovna, tion and disadaptation of the indigenous and in the differential diagnosis between head of the department of physiother- population of Yakutia: Dissertation of physiological and pathological ventricu- apy and rehabilitation of the Center for doctor of medical sciences]. Yakutsk, lar hypertrophy. Echocardiography. 2006 Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation at 2001, p.44 Feb; 23 (2): 149–57. the GBU of Sakha (Yakutia) “High school 3.Iordanskaya F.A. Udintseva M.S. 8.Lauschke J. Maisch B. 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ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH STATUS OF THE NORTH POPULATION

Alekseev A.Yu., Adamenko L.S., Zabelin V.A., Makarchuk A.L., Shestopalov A.M. BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES AS THE BASIS OF A SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT OF HUMAN HABITATION IN NORTHERN SIBERIA

ABSTRACT We assessed the effectiveness of bioremediation of oil-contaminated territories as the basis of a system of measures to improve the environment of human habitation in the Northern Siberia. We collected soil and water samples on the territory of the activities of oil companies in the South of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous area before and after cleaning with the association of microorganisms capable of decomposing oil and oil products. It is shown that treatment of oil-contaminated and petroleum sites with preparations on the basis of oil destructor microorganisms leads to decrease of oil products on average 56.64±18.82. Keywords: bioremediation, petroleum products, microorganisms, the North of Siberia.

The North of Siberia (the Northern part problems. It is known according contaminant is a member of its cycle of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and to Greenpeace and the Ministry in nature and quickly spreads to Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district) of environment that only Russian components of the biosphere. Thus, is an area with strong anthropogenic oil companies are losing about 20 by the water all living organisms on pressure to a certain mass extraction million tons of oil annually (5% of total Earth, without exception, are involved of natural resources, primarily gas, oil production). According to the Antistikhia in interaction with petroleum products. and oilgascondensate. Environmental center of EMERCOM of Russia [13] the The most toxic for living organisms pollution caused by gas and oil total area of contamination of soil by oil are aromatic compounds which can production, both due to the imperfection and oil products as at the end of 2015 on constitute up to 10% of the crude of the technology of production, and the the territory of the Russian Federation oil. They include volatile compounds result of emergency situations [7]. is approximately 1025 hectares. The (benzene, toluene, xylene; naphthalenes The overall toxicity of oil is low, main causes of soil contamination with and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), however, its separate components oil products was deterioration of the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. (polyaromatic and polycyclic equipment, transport accidents and If water is one of the most important compounds) are highly toxic, and have unauthorized connections. elements of distribution of oil pollution, severe carcinogenic and teratogenic A serious problem is the contamination soils largely determine the stability properties. The most toxic for living of soils by spills of oil and more frequent of the biosphere and its purification organisms are aromatic compounds with the development of shipping oil spills from pollutants [1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17]. which can constitute up to 10% of the by marine transportation. Soil pollution Self-purification of soil is the sum crude oil. The inhabitants of the areas is usually accompanied by groundwater total of natural processes aimed at where is oil production, have more often contamination [5, 10] that, in turn, has reducing the concentration of pollutants decreased immunity, allergies, cancer negative consequences for human substances [6]. It is primarily due to neoplasms and congenital deformities, health, animals and plants. Cleanliness the ability of soil microorganisms to etc [15, 18]. The presence of oil reservoirs of drinking water and its availability decompose a wide range of natural and has an adverse impact on the health is one of the most important factors unnatural compounds [14]. Different of birds, fish and mammals [5]. When determining quality of life. According to soil microorganisms for which the oil drops of crude oil to soil of low molecular experts, bad for the environment due products are often the source of carbon weight fractions usually evaporate into 20% of all diseases. have a great influence on the persistence the atmosphere. N-alkanes with chain The spread of contaminants most of chemical compounds in the soil. Even lengths of C10-C16 and monocyclic often takes the course of distribution of very persistent in relation to chemical aromatic hydrocarbons migrated water: compounds are decomposed by the into the soil and are biodegradable First, there is a constant leaching microorganisms of the soil. In many microbial biota. However, high molecular of contaminants to surface waters and cases such decomposition does not components, especially alkanes with groundwater that can be used by man begin immediately, but after some a carbon chain length of more than 20 for drinking and other needs. time, necessary for the adaptation of and polycyclic aromatic compounds Secondly, the pollution of soil microorganisms to the destruction of the such as naphthalene, anthracene, moisture, groundwater and open water chemical compound. The most easily phenanthrene, chrysene, benzopyrene, bodies into the organisms of plants and decomposed by the microorganisms etc., and their alkylated derivatives, are animals who consume this water, and of the soil compounds of the aliphatic retained in the soil [19]. then food chains again into the human series, as well as hydroxycobalamin The problem of oil pollution today is body. connection. one of the most acute environmental Once in the water, the organic Modern technology of purification 46 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL of soils polluted with hydrocarbons, fittest (natural selection) to living in (table 1). include excavation and containment of the region and the ecological niche. It contaminated soils in secure landfills, has been established that each region CONCLUSION stabilization and solidification, soil requires its own specially selected We evaluated a decrease in the flushing, extraction, composting, composition of microorganisms, which content of oil products when you use chemical oxidation, thermal desorption can form the basis biotechnologisch the Association of microorganisms and incineration, and bioremediation preparations for cleaning soil and water isolated from the contaminated soils of (bioaugmentation, biostimulation and from oil [3, 4, 16]. the southern part of the Yamal-Nenets phytoremediation). Considering the complex temperature Autonomous district. Evaluation of Compared with physical and chemical conditions in the Northern regions of bioremediation of oil-contaminated remediation methods, bioremediation is Russia, in which most of the summer territories as the basis of a system of widely regarded as the most cost-effective temperature at a depth of 10 – 20 cm is measures to improve the environment method and provides remediation 6-14 0C, the use of biologics for optimal of human habitation in Northern of in situ soil without disturbing the performance of which requires the Siberia. It is shown that reducing natural ecosystems. The technology is temperature in 18-25 0C, is inappropriate. the amount of petroleum products environmentally friendly because there In this regard, as preparations for after the bioremediation occurred at is a stimulation of the natural processes. cleaning of contaminated areas and 56.64+18.82%. In situ bioremediation also provides the water bodies used for commercial Thus, bioremediation can reduce ability to restore contaminated soil and preparation of the brand “Biooil-Yugra” the oil content in the contaminated groundwater without excavation, which (production of JSC “Biooil”), effective at areas, and revegetation to increase the is a big advantage. low temperatures. indicators of pollutants to background The bacteria are available in almost Analysis of the content of petroleum norms. Since the main pollutant in the all known hydrocarbons, but primarily products in soil and water was performed North of Siberia are hydrocarbons (oil, degrades saturated hydrocarbon by the fluorimetric method in accordance oil-gas-condensate), reducing their group. During their oxidation a number with the method of PND f 16.1.21-98. number or their full utilization in the of intermediate products: biological RESULTS AND DISCUSSION process of bioremediation is the primary surfactant (biopal), biopolymers, All plots were divided into conventional indicator of improvement of the human alcohols, hydroxy acid esters, carboxylic groups on the content of oil products environment. acids, aldehydes, ketones, small to the work on biological recultivation. Problem of cleaning areas, including amounts of organic peroxides, peracids, Groups were formed according to the aquatic environments from wastes and other compounds forms. It should content of oil products to increase by seems to be relevant, requiring be noted that the processes of oxidation 10%, from 5% (table 1). innovative approaches and solutions, as of hydrocarbons occur, as a rule, during Thus, there were formed 6 groups well as increased attention and control active growth and reproduction of according to the content of oil products: of the administration of the state at all microorganisms. Group № 1 – the oil content of from levels. It should be remembered that the Currently there are various methods 5% to 15%, 10 sites; efficiency of purification of circulating of remediation based on the oxidizing Group № 2 – oil content from 15.1% water to the natural environment directly activity of microorganisms. Despite to 25%, 45 sites; determines the level of health and life the apparent diversity, they are based Group № 3 – oil content from 25.1% of humans, as well as the quality of the on or stimulation of the indigenous to 35%, 14 sites; state and the stability of relationships in soil microflora or introduction into Group №4 – oil content from 35.1% to ecological communities. the soil of hydrocarbon-oxidizing 45%, 6 sites; microflora with the introduction of Group № 5 – oil content from 45.1% Table complex mineral fertilizers or sorbents. to 55%, 6 sites; Reducing the amount of petroleum Typically, microbiological methods are Group № 6 – oil content from 55.1% products in groups of contaminated sites complemented with agronomic [4, 12]. and more, 6 sites. after the bioremediation The aim of this work was to evaluate The amount of oil in the samples the bioremediation of anthropogenically to conduct bioremediation ranged Limits disturbed landscape, contaminated with from 7.14% to 80.73%. Reducing Mean reduction The of the oil hydrocarbons, as the basis of a system the amount of petroleum products in the amount group amount at of measures to improve the environment after the bioremediation occurred at of oil after the group of human habitation in Northern Siberia. 56.64+18.82% and ranged from 1.23% bioremediation, % formation MATERIALS AND METHODS to form for 61.42%. Soil and water samples were Residues ranged from 1.23% to form №1 5-15% 56.97+16.13 gathered at the site of activity of JSC for 61.42% and depended mainly on “Gazpromneft-Noyabrskneftegaz” and the topography and soils of a particular №2 15.1-25% 53.57+17.19 JSC “Gazpromneft-Muravlenko” (South contaminated site. of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district) Upon further analysis of the results, №3 25.1-35% 67.39+12.34 in 2005 – 2010 we collected 87 samples after division of all sites into groups of soil and water samples before according to the content of oil products №4 35.1-45% 68.64+20.73 cleaning up and 87 soil samples and before the bioremediation were obtained water samples after the microbiological similar results, presented on graphs. The №5 45.1-55% 53.92+28,22 treatment. percentage of reduction of petroleum It is known that soils from different products varied only slightly and did not №6 >55.1% 44.74+25.29 regions contain microorganisms, the differ significantly among divided groups 2’ 2016 47

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Ivanov P.M., Abramov A.F., Tomskiy M.I., Makarova N.N., Goldereva A.S., Nikolaeva T.I., Zharnikova T.N., Myree- va S.A., Ivanova F.G., Nikolaev V.M., Kiprijanova N.S. ENVIRONMENT SITUATION AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASM MORBIDITY IN ARCTIC REGIONS OF YAKUTIA

ABSTRACT Effect of anthropogenic and technogenic environment influence and social-economic factors on malignant neoplasm among the population living in the severe arctic conditions has been analyzed. Keywords: the Arctic, neoplasm, environment factors, morbidity.

PREFACE and statistic data of TO FSGS and other nationalities is 50%. But Medical-demographic data of the of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) since 2010 a quick population increase population are indicators of life – [2] are analyzed. Research results has been observed owing to migrants quality and health not only of a man aimed at anthropogenic, technogenic from other Russia regions. but also of the whole society defined and economic influence in the arctic The best birthrate was noticed in by social-economic and sanitary- territories were the basis to estimate Olenek region, where the most part hygienic factors and a way of life. influence of regional factors on of the population is the Yakut people Intensive exploitation of the arctic environment situation. Estimation was and northern native people, though territories and river basins at the carried out according to the method in the years of perestroika the above end of 20th c. influenced environment made up by E.I.Burtseva [1]. Statistic mentioned rates had a tendency pollution because of mining enterprise data are worked up according to to come down till a minimum level activities and consequences of which generally accepted method using (Table 2). The birthrate and population are observed today. programme “Statistical”. increase were the lowest ones in Ust- The arctic zone is a vast coastal RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Yana, Allaekha, Nizhnekolyma regions and tundra zone including Anabar, Anthropogenic effect. In the arctic where the most of the population Allaekha, Bulun, Nizhnekolym, Olenek, regions the population increased were the Russian people and other Ust-Yana regions, where average 3.1 times in comparison with 1950 nationalities especially in the years of annual winter temperature is 12.6- especially in Ust-Yana 6.8 times perestroika. 14.5 degrees below zero, average which influenced greatly environment It’s necessary to point out a January temperature is 32-40 degrees situation. By 2012 in connection with presence of a strong correlation tie below zero, average July is 4-14 mining industry disorganization the (r=-0.91) between the number of new degrees above zero. Precipitation is population reduced to 7.8 thousands. comers living in different regions of 187.6-256.0 mm., total a daily average Now the anthropogenic effect is on the arctic zone and coefficients of temperature is 5 degrees of 557.3 the lowest level in all arctic regions birth-rate. Between coefficient of birth- in Bulun to 256.0 mm. in Olenek. (Table 1). rate and a number of northern native Permafrost is more than 500 m. Population and medical-demographic not numerous people a strong direct Climatic conditions in Anabar, Bulun, data. In Anabar region the population tie is singled out (r=0.91). Analogous Ust-Yana, Allaekha and Nizhnekolyma increased in connection with diamond situation is observed in correlation regions are absolutely extreme but in industry development and new arrival analysis of population increase and a Olenek it’s the most extreme ones. contingent. In 2010 it made up 49.2% portion of new-comers and a native Severe climatic conditions determine [2,11]. population (accordingly: r=-0.76, economic activities and have influence In Olenek native people occupy r=+0.76). on environment situation and 76.5% of the population, in The given data might be a population health of the zone. Bulun-39.0%, the Yakut people occupy consequence of negative influence on In the arctic zone traditional in these regions accordingly -21.0 and the results of medical-demographic economic branches: hunting, reindeer- 23.4%. In connection with mining situations, environment factors, a way breeding, fishery are developed. In industry development the population of life, nutrition. Analysis pointed out Anabar, Bulun, Olenek diamond number in Ust-Yana reached its that a birthrate has an influence on a extraction industry, in Ust-Yana gold- maximum (49.9 thousands) in 1990. morbidity level of MN of reproducting and tin-industry are developed. About 90.9% were the Russians and woman organs. It can be seen in Table Research aim. Estimation of other ethnic groups. By 2010 after 3 where a birthrate is low, but woman anthropogenic and technogenic facts disorganization of the industry and morbidity with MN of reproductive and social-economic life factors disintegration of the Soviet Union organs is higher in Allaekha, Bulun, influence on the data of malignant most of them migrated and the Nizhnekolyma, Ust-Yana regions (r=- neoplasm morbidity of the population number of living people in the region 0.71 and -0.68). This fact has been living in the severe arctic conditions. was 7.8 thousands. In Allaekha and proved by researches [9,10]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nizhnekolyma regions, where fishery is Economic and technogenic effect on Reports of YaROD of 1989-2010 developed, proportion of the Russians environment. Agricultural influence on 2’ 2016 49

Table 1 Table 2

Anthropogenic effect in the arctic regions Medical demographic data of arctic regions (per1000 people)

Regions Regions Ni- Index Ana- Allae- Bu- Ole­- Ust- zhne- bar kha lun nek Yana kolym Ni- Index Ana- Allae- Bu- Ole­- Ust- Ter- years zhne- ritory, bar kha lun nek Yana 55,6 107,3 223,6 97,1 18,1 127,3 kolym 1000 кm2 Population (n - 1000) 1990 29,0 18,7 16,0 15,2 28,1 14,3 1959 1,4 2,4 10,0 4,2 3,4 6,0 Child birt 2000 18,7 17,8 14,6 13,3 17,8 10,3 1990 4,0 5,4 16,9 13,7 4,1 40,9 hrate 2005 20,7 17,2 11,0 12,5 13,7 10,2 2012 3,4 2,9 9,4 4,5 4,1 7,8 2011 19,4 18,0 17,0 14,6 24,8 19,3 population density (1prs per 1 кm2) Popu- 1990 9,5 6,1 16,2 3,7 9,0 3,5 1959. 0,025 0,022 0,045 0,048 0,011 0,050 lation 2000 11,3 12,2 14,6 11,9 8,3 10,8 1990 0,072 0,050 0,076 0,157 0,013 0,340 mortal- 2005 11,7 13,1 11,9 14,9 12,9 11,3 2012 0,061 0,027 0,041 0,057 0,013 0,071 ity environment effect: 2011 10,9 15,7 12,4 15,4 13,2 15,3 1959 L L L L L L Popu- 1990 19,5 12,6 11,4 11,4 19,0 10,9 1990 L L L Rd L A lation 2000 7,4 6,8 4,7 1,3 9,5 -0,5 2012 L L L L L L growth 2005 8,5 4,1 1,8 -2,4 0,7 -1,1

Note: environment effect: L – low, Rd – reduced, A– average Table 3 environment is insignificant because Correlation analysis of birthrate and woman only reindeer-breeding is developed MN morbidity of reproductive organs in the arctic regions in these regions. Reindeer-breeding Child MN of including: has a lower influence on environment Pe- Uter- Regions Period birth WRO*/ in Anabar, Ust-Yana, Nizhnekolyma riod Breast Cervix us Ovule (0/ ) (0/ ) regions, in Olenek and Allaekha it is 00 0000 body 1980- 1989- low (Table 4). 26,8 26,0 10,4 5,2 0,0 10,4 1990 1998 In Table 5 estimations of Anabar 2000- 2001- economic and technogenic influence 19,3 25,0 10,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 on environment are given in those 2010 2010 1980- 1989- regions where there is a different 21,4 30,2 15,1 11,3 0,0 3,8 1990 1998 level of technogenic influence: Ust- Allaekha 2000- 2001- Yana region has a high influence 14,7 75,0 46,1 17,3 5,8 5,8 because of polluting mining mass 2010 2010 1980- 1989- , polluting substances thrown into 16,7 49,1 25,7 11,7 4,7 7,0 1990 1998 the air and sewage. Anabar, Bulun, Bulun 2000- 2001- Allaekha regions have a lower 14,4 78,8 29,8 27,7 6,4 14,9 influence on environment, Olenek and 2010 2010 1980- 1989- Nizhnekolyma regions – a low one. 16,2 42,4 26,3 8,8 1,5 5,8 It’s set up that transbordering Nizhne- 1990 1998 kolym 2000- 2001- pollutions from mining enterprises 15,3 50,2 33,5 10,0 6,7 0,0 of upper reaches of Yana, Indigirca, 2010 2010 1980- 1989- Kolyma influence water pollution 28,5 24,5 14,7 4,9 0,0 4,9 1990 1998 of lower reaches. If some drastic Olenek 2000- 2001- measures are not taken in Anabar, 18,4 29,4 24,5 0,0 4,9 0,0 2010 2010 Olenek, Bulun regions to protect 1980- 1989- their territories we won’t escape the 14,6 30,6 20,4 6,1 1,0 3,1 Ust- 1990 1998 common lot of Ust-Yana. Yana 2000- 2001- Estimation of regional influence 11,2 56,1 29,1 14,5 0,0 12,5 2010 2010 factors on environment in the arctic The correlation between the birth regions is based on research results rates of the 1980-1990 biennium. and -0,71 -0,83 -0,51 -0,59 0,41 finding out anthropogenic, economic MN of WRO for 1989-1998 and technogenic effects and the data The correlation between the birth of E.I Burtseva [1] estimating timber rates of the 1980-1990 biennium. and -0,68 -0,47 -0,70 0,24 -0,55 industry influence and vulnerability of MN of WRO for 2001-2010, nature complex to technogenic factors (Table 6). */ MN of WRO – malignant neoplasms of women reproductive organs 50 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

Table 4 Table 5

Reindeer –breeding influence on Estimation of economic and technogenic effect on environment in arctic regions environment in arctic regions The environ- Regions Re- deer Period ment gions popu- effect Index Ana- Allae- Nizhne- lation Bulun Olenek Ust-Yana bar kha kolym 1995 21262 H Ana- 2008 15485 Rd bar Agricultural effect (± head) -5777 Lr L Lr Lr L Lr on E. (2008.) 1995 11961 Hght Allae- 2008 2207 L Transport influence kha L L L L L Lr (±head) -9754 on E. 1995 19257 H Bu- 2008 15770 Rd Extraction of lun (±head) -3487 mining mass from 1995 20320 H entrails of the 13,9 - 0,3 - - 482,8 Nizh- Earth till 2002, mln. 2008 16773 Rd ne- m3 kolym (±head) -3547 effect on E. L - L - - Hght 1995 9410 L Ole- 2008 4694 L nek Average annual (±head) -4716 polluting substances 1995 17252 H thrown into the air 0,81 0,4 2,1 2,2 0,3 5,9 Ust- 2008 12852 Rd (1995-2005) (thous. Yana (±head) -4400 ton)

Note: ± head – in 2008 in comparison with effect on E. Lr L Lr Lr L - 1995. Environment effect: L – low, Rd – Sewage throwing 2,10 0,30 1,60 1,11 0,90 reduced, Hght – heightened, H – high. (mln. m3) No reg- The given data show that effect on E. (hа) A - Lr Lr ister L environment situation in the arctic regions under the influence of different Injured lands 354,0 362,0 383,0 7,0 31,0 4256,0 factors of stages 1 and 2 can be 1990-2001 (hа) estimated as follows: Ust-Yana territory is tensed because of the mining effect on E. Lr Lr Lr L L Hght industry; Olenek region is relatively good; Bulun region is relatively good; Notes: L- low, Lr.- lower, A- average, Hght- heightened Anabar region is satisfactory; Allaekha region is relatively satisfactory changes of a way of life and nutrition (1.1), stomach (more than 2), liver (1.8), because polluting substances thrown of the population in the severe arctic pancreas (9.6), bowels (2.7), breathing into the air, sewage, water pollution conditions. Some differences in the organs etc. It’s necessary to note a from Ust-Yana mining industry and the MN morbidity can be explained by revealed tendency to reducing MN river Indigirka; Nizhnekolyma region is peculiarities of each region depending of man reproducting organs, bones relatively satisfactory. Environment is on the regional environment situation. and soft tissues, lymphatic and blood polluted from transbordering sources - In Anabar region morbidity tissues was not so important. of Srednekolyma and Verkhnekolyma increased in; cancer of liver ( annual - In Nizhnekolma region cancer regions and Magadan region. average rate-8.30%), breathing organs morbidity rose(1.6) in digestion Annual MN morbidity of the coastal (5.60), lymphatic and blood tissues organs (2.1 in annual increase of population in Allaekha region came (19.55). Reduction of data was 7.95%); stomach (7.25%). Liver(6.20), down to 39.2 men during the analysis observed in digestion organs (-o.15), pancreas(25.35), bowels (12.20 and period where the population is 100 woman reproducting organs (-0.40). 4.65% of colon and rectum). Average thousand men with average annual - In Olenek region MN morbidity annual rise of MN of breathing organs rate of 1.40%. While in other regions was observed in dynamics of head, is 0.30%, reproducting man organs of the arctic zone data are higher. neck, stomach, bowels, breathing (21.95), woman (1.75), urination organs (In Anabar-15.4 0\0000, in Bulun-39.5, organs, reproducting organs of women (25.45), lymphatic and blood tissues in Nizhnekolyma-76.00, in Olenek-1.1, and men, lymphatic and blood tissues (5.35). Reduction of MN was observed in Ust-Yana-81 0\0000 ). Annual average morbidities. Reduction was explained bones and soft tissues (10.0%). rate is 1.30%, 3.96, 4.85, 0.05, and by carcinoma of gullet, bones, soft - Among the arctic regions Ust-Yana 8.4%. tissues and urination organs. region is singled out for its highest Data increase might be the result - In Bulun region general cancer rise of morbidity (8.45% annually). of environment pollution, some increase (1.5) was observed in gullet Thus, general morbidity coefficient of 2’ 2016 51

Table 6 all MN kinds rose 2.3 times. (of 65.3 Population morbidity of the arctic regions in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) and to 146.9 0\0000) the reasons of which its annual average rate (1989-1998, 2001-2010) per 100 thousand population [4-6] were a positive rate of head and neck MN (26.65%, gullet (12.00), liver Regions (11.90), pancreas (7.20), bowels (20.35 Ni- and 8.15), breathing organs (7.20), Localization Period Ana- Allae- Ole­- Ust- Bu-lun zhne- reproducting man organs (11.35) and bar kha nek Yana kolym woman (6.25), thyroid gland (9.60), 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 urination organs (19.95). Reduction 1989-1998 111,3 293,5 105,0 126,3 177,3 65,3 was observed in lymphatic and blood Malignant 2001-2010 126,7 254,3 154,50 202,3 178,4 146,9 tissues (-9.30%) . neoplasm Growth - In the arctic coastal zone Allaekha total 1,30 -1,40 3,96 4,85 0,05 8,45 rate region having a leading position in 1989-1998 0,0 3,6 1,4 2,4 0,0 0,8 a general level of cancer morbidity, Head and 2001-2010 1,4 2,0 2,0 6,8 15,5 8,5 is the only region where at the neck Growth same time a reduction is observed 0,0 -5,70 3,30 10,95 0,0 26,65 rate (of 293.5 0\0000 in 1989-1998 to 254 1989-1998 47,9 98,6 42,3 44,0 82,6 20,8 0\0000 in 2001-2010, annually -1.40%. digestive 2001-2010 47,3 119,7 62,5 94,4 70,8 54,0 Meanwhile total data of MN of stomach organs – Growth cancer (1.60), liver (8.30), colon (16.50), total -0,15 1,95 4,45 7,95 -1,55 10,00 rate rectum (4.55), breathing organs (4.85), 1989-1998 20,1 27,9 11,9 10,7 32,5 2,9 reproducting woman organs (9.55) are 2001-2010 2,5 17,5 7,2 11,8 14,7 9,0 increasing in dynamic. MN of bones Esophagus Growth and soft tissues (-10.0%), urination 0,05 -4,55 -4,90 1,00 7,65 12,00 rate organs (-10.0) , gullet (-4.55) and 1989-1998 17,7 35,2 9,4 15,6 20,0 9,7 others reduced showing a general 2001-2010 9,9 40,9 13,3 33,7 24,4 17,0 tendency of dynamic. Stomach Growth Among the coastal arctic zone -5,15 1,60 3,45 7,25 2,00 5,80 rate Allaekha region (293.5) is in the first 1989-1998 0,0 3,8 4,6 7,8 5,0 2,2 place, Olenek region (177.3)- second, 2001-2010 7,5 17,5 5,1 27,0 12,2 14,0 Nizhnekolyma region (126.3)- third colon Growth according to the cancer morbidity 0,0 16,50 1,05 12,20 16,50 20,35 rate level. Including gullet morbidity 1989-1998 0,0 7,5 2,9 6,4 5,1 3,2 Allaekha (119.7), Nizhnekolymsk 2001-2010 0,0 11,7 8,2 10,1 0,0 7,0 (94.4), Olenek (70.8); breathing rectum Growth organs: Allaekha (70.1), Olenek(46.5), 0,0 4,55 10,96 4,65 0,0 8,15 rate Nizhnekolymsk(38.8); reproducting 1989-1998 10,1 24,2 9,6 2,8 17,5 1,3 woman organs:Bulun(78.8), Allaekha 2001-2010 22,4 29,2 20,5 5,1 17,1 4,0 (75.0), Nizhnekolymsk(50.2); urination liver Growth organs: Nizhnekolymsk(13.5), Ust- 8,30 1,90 7,90 6,20 -0,25 11,90 rate Yana (8.0), Bulun (5.1); Anabar, 1989-1998 0,0 0,0 3,9 0,7 2,5 1,5 Nizhnekolymsk, Olenek in cancer 2001-2010 5,0 2,9 8,2 6,7 2,4 3,0 morbidity of thyroid gland and pancreas Growth haemoblastosis occupy the first three 0,0 0,0 7,75 25,35 -0,40 7,20 rate places accordingly. 1989-1998 22,5 40,7 20,4 35,4 45,0 13,7 Results of the research prove that Respiratory 2001-2010 32,3 70,1 32,7 38,8 46,5 28,0 MN is higher in those regions located organs - Growth in the lower reaches of great northern total 5,60 4,85 1,05 0,30 6,70 0,0 rate rivers because the upper reaches are 1989-1998 2,5 5,5 1,7 4,2 2,5 1,7 influenced by environment pollution of 2001-2010 2,5 2,9 0,0 3,4 4,9 1,0 mining industry. larynx Growth Some researchers [3, 9-12] explain 0,05 -0,70 0,0 -0,2 1,08 -0,6 rate MN morbidity rate as follows: a 1989-1998 20,0 33,4 18,1 31,2 40,0 11,1 way of nourishment, especially non- Trachea, 2001-2010 29,8 67,2 32,7 35,4 41,6 27,0 qualitative imported products, lack of bronchi, Growth vegetable products leading to macro- lungs 4,05 7,25 6,10 1,3 0,4 9,3 rate and-micro -nutrient in a ration, birth- 1989-1998 25,0 41,8 19,8 38,8 47,4 13,8 rate reduction, a short period of Bone and 2001-2010 0,0 11,7 3,0 3,4 2,4 3,0 nurse, environment pollution, smoking, soft tissue Growth alcoholism, a changed way of life. 0,00 -10,0 -10,0 -10,0 -10,0 -10,0 rate CONCLUSION 1989-1998 7,5 3,7 1,7 0,7 7,5 0,2 Thus, the main factor of MN 2001-2010 0,0 2,9 1,0 1,7 0,0 2,0 morbidity in Ust-Yana, Allaekha regions Bone Growth is the functioning mining enterprises 0,0 -2,40 -5,20 9,25 0,0 29,15 rate in the upper reaches. Water territory 52 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL

Сontinued table 6 of the lower reaches and the rivers Yana, Indigirka, Anabar are polluted 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 by transbodering mining enterprises. 1989-1998 1,1 0,0 1,5 2,1 0,0 1,1 Nizhnekolyma region is polluted by 2001-2010 0,0 8,8 2,0 1,7 2,4 1,0 mining enterprises of Srednekolyma, Soft tissue Growth 0,0 0,0 2,90 -2,20 0,0 -0,95 Verkhnekolyma and Magadan regions. rate 1989-1998 2,6 1,8 1,8 2,1 5,1 1,9 At the same time a changed way Skin (including 2001-2010 2,5 0,0 3,1 3,4 4,9 10,0 of life, nutrition, lack of vegetable Growth products leading to deficit of important melanoma) -0,40 0,0 5,60 4,95 -0,40 18,05 rate nourishing substances play a great 1989- 1989- 1989- 1989- 1989- 1989- role in cancer morbidity rate data. 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1989-1998 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 REFERENCES 26.0 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.2 30.2 1. Burtseva E.I. Geojekologicheskie Female repro- 49.1 42.4 49.1 49.1 49.1 49.1 49.1 49.1 aspekty razvitija Jakutii ductive organ 24.5 30.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.4 [Geoenvironmental aspects of Yakutia]. in total 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2006, 269 p. 30.6 30.6 30.6 30.6 30.6 30.6 2. Demograficheskij ezhegodnik 2001-2010 25,0 75,0 78,8 50,2 29,4 56,1 Growth Respubliki Saha (Jakutija). -0,40 9,55 5,40 1,75 6,35 6,25 rate [Demographic Yearbook of the Republic 1989-1998 10,4 15,1 25,7 26,3 14,7 20,4 Sakha (Yakutia)]. Yakutsk, 2012, 737 p. 2001-2010 10,0 46,1 29,8 33,5 24,5 29,1 3. Zharnikova T.N. [et al.]. Breast Growth -0,40 11,85 5,75 2,30 5,20 3,65 Oslozhnennyj kolorektal’nyj rak rate [Complicated colorectal cancer]. 1989-1998 5,2 11,3 11,7 8,8 4,9 6,1 Yakutsk: NEFU, 2013, 173 p. 2001-2010 5,0 17,3 27,7 10,0 0,0 14,5 Cervix Growth 4. Ivanov P.M. Ivanova F.G. -0,40 3,95 9,00 1,30 0,0 9,10 rate Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovanija 1989-1998 0,0 0,0 4,7 1,5 0,0 1,0 na Krajnem Severe i ih social’no- 2001-2010 5,0 5,8 6,4 6,7 4,9 0,0- jekonomicheskie posledstvija Uterus body Growth 0,0 0,0 3,15 16,15 0,0 0,0 [Malignancies in the Far North and their rate socio-economic impact]. Yakutsk, LLC 1989-1998 10,4 3,8 7,0 5,8 4,9 3,1 2001-2010 5,0 5,8 14,9 0,0 0,0 12,5 JJA Triada, 2003, 203 p. Ovule Growth 5. Ivanov P.M. Tomsky M.I., -7,05 4,30 7,85 0,0 0,0 14,95 rate Karataev P.D. Zlokachestvennye 1989-1998 0,0 11,1 1,1 1,4 5,1 1,3 novoobrazovanija v Jakutii na rubezhe Male genitals- 2001-2010 5,0 0,0 0,0 10,2 4,9 3,8 vekov [Malignancies in Yakutia on the Growth total 0,0 0,0 0,0 21,95 -0,40 11,35 turn of the century]. Yakutsk: Sphere, rate 1989-1998 0,0 11,1 1,1 1,4 5,1 0,4 2008, 271 p. 2001-2010 0,0 0,0 0,0 10,2 4,9 1,9 6. Ivanov P.M. M.I. Tomskiy, N.S. Prostate Growth Kipriyanova Statistika zlokachestvennyh 0,0 0,0 0,0 21,95 -0,35 16,85 rate novoobrazovanij v Jakutii v nachale 1989-1998 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,9 tret’ego tysjacheletija [Statistics of 2001-2010 5,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,9 malignancies in Yakutia at the beginning testicle Growth 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 7,80 of the third millennium]. Yakutsk, 2012, rate 1989-1998 0,0 11,1 1,1 1,4 5,1 1,3 16 p. 2001-2010 5,0 2,9 5,1 13,5 2,4 8,0 7. Lebedeva U.M. Rumyantseva urinary Growth A.N. Ignatieva M.E. 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S. N. Samsonov, A. A. Strekalovskaya, L A. Malysheva, P. G. Petrova, F. A. Zakharova RELATIONSHIP OF THE GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCE TO THE STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AT HIGH LATITUDES ON THE GROWTH PHASE OF THE 11-YEAR SOLAR ACTIVITY CYCLE

ABSTRACT Aim. To determine the dependence of the cardiovascular system’s changes on specific physical parameters of space weather. Materials and methods. The research covered 47 volunteers of different age, gender, and health conditions. The research was conducted at two observing stations: in the city of Yakutsk and the settlement of Tiksi in the Far North. For two months in March and April of 2011, on weekdays, we did ECG of the volunteers with Phasagraph system. Results. It was revealed that the test people organisms react with changes in the T-wave symmetry on each change in the geomagnetic storminess. Conclusion. The existence of coincident peaks of ECG data changes with geomagnetic parameters at the two observing stations proves the impact of the changes in geomagnetic storminess on the human cardiovascular system. The contrasting of the research results to the 2009 experiment results assumes that the different reactions of the human cardiovascular system may be related to the different phases of the 11- year Solar cycle. Keywords: cardiovascular system, electrocardiogram, degree of symmetry, Solar activity, geomagnetic storminess.

The term ‘space weather’ describes cant and require more attention [5]. conclude that the heart attacks dynam- the state of the near-Earth space. The Living organisms on Earth are under ics is not correlated with the dynamics Sun has the main impact on the near- the constant influence of environmen- of storminess of the Earth magnetic Earth space. Therefore, identifying the tal factors [1]. They include both widely field; they note that the highest number link mechanisms between the solar known meteorological factors (tempera- of heart attacks occur 9-10 days prior a activity and the functioning of various ture, pressure, wind, and humidity) and geomagnetic storm. objects of the biosphere, including hu- less known factors of electromagnetic Thus, the results of individual authors mans, is one of the fundamental issues nature, whose influence is not felt until on the reaction of the human body to of modern science. their intensity reaches a certain level. heliogeophysical disturbances do not al- The human organism is an open sys- The factors of electromagnetic nature ways agree with each other. tem; thus, changing conditions in the change primarily under the influence of The aim of the present research was external environment have an impact on the Sun on the magnetic field, gaseous to determine the dependence of the human well-being. The cardiovascular mantle and solid crust of the Earth [6]. cardiovascular system’s changes on system is one of the first to participate in To date, a large body of scientific infor- specific physical parameters of space the process of adapting to changing en- mation on the matter is accumulated. weather. vironmental conditions. This is manifest- However, the conclusions of individual MATERIALS AND METHODS ed in changes in the circulatory system, authors are contradictory. For example, To address this aim, in the period in particular, in the vascular tonus and Yu. I. Gurfinkel et al. [2] claim that the March-April 2011, we carried out a bio- blood rheological properties, as well as impact of geomagnetic storminess on medical monitoring experiment to check a disturbed balance between the coagu- the cardiovascular system of a patient the cardiovascular system state of vol- lation and anticoagulation systems [4]. with coronary artery disease is most unteers with Phasagraph express-car- Cardiovascular diseases rank first in the pronounced during the first three days diograph. morbidity and mortality of people; there- after the storm beginning. Meanwhile, E. At two stations: in the city of Yakutsk fore, these diseases are socially signifi- I. Nesmeyanovich and A. V. Bukalov [3] – Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Re- 54 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL search and Aeronomy (ICPRA) and the same changes in the MI group was 22 ated with a certain phase of the 11-year Medical Institute, Ammosov North-East- years old. The average age of the par- Solar cycle. ern Federal University (MI NEFU); and ticipants with overlapping changes in the in the settlement of Tiksi – the ICPRA ICPRA group amounted to 47.8 years. In REFERENCES Observatory, the measurements were the Tiksi group, the average age of the 1. Breus T.K. Konradov A.A. Effekty taken on a daily basis with the same participants with the same changes was ritmov solnechnoi aktivnosti [The effects equipment (Phasagraph system) follow- 39.8 years, and the average age of the of solar activity rhythms] Atlas vrevenykh ing the same study protocol in groups of participants with overlapping changes variatsiy prirodnykh, antropogennykh volunteers recruited at each observing was 43.1 years. I sotsialnykh protsessov [The atlas of station. All measurements were sent to In Figure 1, the vertical axis shows temporal variations in natural, anthro- the united database on Geliomed portal, the average index of the T-wave symme- pogenic and social processes]. Vol. 3 where they were processed by the same try during ECG test under load 0 in rela- Prirodnye i sotsialnye sfery kak chasti method, which excluded the introduction tive units (the solid line) and Kp-index of okruzhayushchei sredy i kak obiekty of subjective factors with local process- geomagnetic storminess; the horizontal vozdeistviy [Natural and social spheres ing of the measurement results at the axis indicates the time in days from the as elements of the environment and observing stations. beginning of the experiment. The figure objects of impact]. Moscow: Yanus-K., As an experimental material, we used shows that almost every change in geo- 2002, P.516-524. the data of the first electrocardiogram magnetic storminess resulted in similar 2. Gurfinkel Yu.I. Mitrofanva E.V. (ECG) leads of the volunteers with sub- changes in TWS. The presence of coin- Mitrofanova T.A. Kanonidi Kh.D. Vli- sequent calculation of the T-wave sym- cident peaks of the medical data chang- yanie geomagnitnykh vozmushcheniy metry characterizing the cardiovascular es with geophysical parameters at the na ostruyu serdechno-sosudistuyu pa- system functional state. Kp-index was two observing stations shows the impact tologiyu [The influence of geomagnetic used as a measure of geomagnetic ac- of changes in geomagnetic storminess storminess on acute cardiovascular pa- tivity. on the human cardiovascular system. thology] Kosmos i biosfera [Space and The experiment covered 47 vol- During a similar comparison of the Biosphere]. Partenit, Crimea, Ukraine, unteers of different age, gender, and medical data from Tiksi, MI and ICPRA 2003, 12 p. physical conditions. During two months with Kp-index of geomagnetic stormi- 3. Nesmeyanovich E.I. Bukalov A.V. O in March and April 2011, on weekdays, ness in 2009, the following results were nekotorykh aspektakh svyazi solnechnoi we did ECG test on a daily basis us- obtained: a coincidence was marked in aktivnosti s sostoyaniem zdoroviya che- ing Phasagraph system. The ECG data temporary variations of the T-wave sym- loveka, v chastnosti – s dinamikoi ostro- were recorded under 4 loads: 0 load - metry in half of the volunteers at the ob- go infarkta miokarda [On some aspects measurement of the heart rate at rest, serving station in Yakutsk (ICPRA and of connection between the solar activity 1 - after an exercise same for all partici- MI groups) with Kp-index, at low levels and human well-being, in particular – pants of the experiment, 2 - after emo- of geomagnetic storminess. At observ- with the dynamics of acute myocardial tional load, 3 - after a 10 minute rest. ing station in Tiksi, the comparison of the infarction] Kosmos i biosfera [Space and When processing the medical data, medical and geophysical data identified Biosphere]. Partenit, Crimea, Ukraine, we received an individual data range for a group of people with TWS changes 2003, 105 p. each patient, for the entire period of the that coincided with the variations of geo- 4. Samsonov S.N. Petrova P.G., So- experiment and each load. Then, in or- magnetic activity only partially. Such a kolov V.D., Strekalovskaya A. A., Ma- der to create a continuous series of the difference in the results may be due to karov G.A., Ivanov K.I. Geliogeofiziches- data, we interpolated the parameters of the fact that the observations were con- kaya vozmushchennost i obostreniya each volunteer. In order to smooth the ducted at different years of the solar ac- serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevaniy variations in the geomagnetic stormi- tivity. The year 2009 was considered a [Heliogeophysical storminess and acer- ness index and the T-wave symmetry year with minimum solar activity, where- bation of cardiovascular diseases] Zhur- (TWS), the data were filtered to elimi- as the year 2011 signaled the beginning nal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsa- nate oscillation with a period of less than of solar activity growth. kova. Insult [Korsakov’s Neurology and 4 days. Conclusion Psychiatry Journal. Blood stroke], №14, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. There were revealed coinciding Moscow, 2005, P.18-22. The comparison of TWS temporal peaks of temporal changes in geomag- 5. Samsonov S.N. Petrova P.G., variations for each tested person under netic storminess and TWS in half of the Strekalovskaya A. A., Manykina V.I., 4 loads with the temporary variations volunteers in the MI group (Yakutsk) and Tomsky M.I., Alekseev R.Z. Svyaz in the geomagnetic storminess index Tiksi, who participated in the experiment. solnechnykh i geofizicheskikh voz- showed the coincidence of these figures Basing on this, the assumption is made mushcheniy s serdechno-sosudistymi in half of the tested people in the MI and about the dependence of the human zabolevaniyami [Dependence of cardio- Tiksi groups. However, the ICPRA group cardiovascular system on geomagnetic vascular diseases on Solar and geomag- demonstrated only a partial coincidence storminess. netic storminess] Nauka I obrazovanie of the experimental data. It was found 2. The year of solar activity growth [Science and Education], №2 (50), Mos- that the best agreement is observed showed better tracking of variations in cow, 2008, P.50-55. for 0 and 3 measurement modes, cor- geomagnetic activity in young tested 6. Katinas G. A near-week in solar responding to the state of rest and the people (MI) and the group of volunteers magnetism? / G. Katinas, G. Cornelis- state in 10 minutes of rest after physical in the Arctic region (Tiksi). The compari- sen, M. Engebretson, T.K Breus., F. Hal- activity. This means that the tested peo- son of the results of this experiment with berg // Abstract of the 3d International ple felt changes in geomagnetic stormi- the experimental results of 2009 sug- Symposium: Workshop on Chronoastro- ness more at the state of rest. The av- gests that the different reactions of the biology and Chronotherapy, Research erage age of the tested people with the cardiovascular system may be associ- Center of Advanced Sciences and Tech- 2’ 2016 55 nology, University of Tokyo, 11.09.2002, Russia. Yakutsk, Russia. p.2. 2002. Alena Anatolievna STREKALOVS- Palmira Georgievna PETROVA, Doc- KAYA, Candidate of Medical Sciences, tor of Medicine, Professor, Medical Insti- The authors: Associate Professor, Medical Institute, tute, Ammosov North-Eastern Federal Sergei Nikolaevich SAMSONOV, Ammosov North-Eastern Federal Uni- University, Yakutsk, Russia. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical versity, Yakutsk, Russia. Fedora Appolonovna ZAKHAROVA, Sciences, Leading Researcher, Shafer Larisa Afanasievna MALYSHEVA, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Medical Institute of Cosmophysical Research Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associ- Institute, Ammosov North-Eastern Fed- and Aeronomy, Siberian Branch, Rus- ate Professor, Medical Institute, Ammo- eral University, Yakutsk, Russia. sian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, sov North-Eastern Federal University,

Bessonov P.P., Bessonova N.G. PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF ACID DISEASES IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

ABSTRACT In order to study the prevalence of risk factors of acid diseases in the adult population according to the residence area in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), we surveyed men and women aged 45-70 years, living in the Arctic and Central Yakutia. We concluded that prevalence of symptoms of acid disorders was 53%, more often in the living in the Arctic. We revealed the high prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection and poor dental health. Some risk factors for these disorders are modifiable, allowing to plan in their relation therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Keywords: acid disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, population, prevalence, risk factors.

INRODUCTION a conference devoted to the diagnosis Here is some information about Acid-related diseases are the of the disease [3, 5]. In accordance with geographical position of the Republic cause of diseases of the stomach, the WHO classification of GERD – it Sakha (Yakutia). It occupies a vast duodenum (peptic gastric and is a chronic relapsing disease caused territory, more than 40% of it lies above duodenal ulcer disease, erosive and by a violation of the motor-evacuation the Arctic Circle. Central Yakutia area ulcerative lesions, chronic gastritis, function of the gastroesophageal zone includes Yakutsk and its suburbs, as gastroduodenitis, syndrome of non- and characterized by spontaneous and well as the areas located in the basins ulcer functional dyspepsia), esophagus (or) regularly repeated throwing up into of the Lena river flow, Viluy, Lena-Amga (gastroesophageal reflux disease the esophagus gastric or duodenal interfluve. Anabar, Nizhnekolymsky, -GERD, which occupies one of the content, resulting in damage to its distal Allaikhovskiy, Bulunsky and Ust-Jansky first places). The true prevalence of department. areas, situated along the shores of GERD is poorly studied. This statement As for dyspepsia it is a syndrome, the Arctic Ocean, refer to the number is connected with a great variability including pain or burning in the pit of the of Arctic regions. In the Arctic low of clinical manifestations - from stomach, heaviness and fullness in the temperature is accompanied by strong occasionally arising heartburns at which epigastrium after eating, early satiety, winds. In the period from November to patients rarely go to the doctor, to the bloating, nausea, and vomiting, belching January polar night falls over a large bright signs of complications of reflux and some other symptoms. In Western territory. According to the complex of esophagitis [1, 5]. Europe, functional dyspepsia is found natural factors that affect the human In recent years, there is a clear in 30-40% of the population, it is the body, this region is very harsh to live. downward trend in the number of cause of 4-5% of all visits to the doctor. The aim of this study was to investigate patients with peptic ulcer disease on In the USA and UK dyspeptic symptoms the prevalence of acid diseases and risk the background of increased number bother respectively 26 and 41% of the factors among the population of Yakutia of patients suffering from GERD, which population. living in the various climate areas. gave reason to declare this pathology Heartburn and acid regurgitation are MATERIALS AND METHODS a disease of the 21st century at the the main symptoms of acid disorders. We studied 2 groups of population VI united Gastroenterological Week The prevalence of heartburn in the USA, – those, living in Central Yakutia and held in Birmingham in 1997. The term the UK and Finland amounted to 24- in the Arctic. In Central Yakutia survey “reflux disease” was proposed in the mid 36%, when it concerned of heartburn in was carried out among the indigenous 60s of the 20th century and involves a general, and 10-21% of the population population of two villages, in total 133 combination of the clinical picture of the had heartburn weekly [5]. people (63 men and 70 women) aged disease and its associated morphological The foreign and domestic statistical 45-70. In Arctic villages we surveyed changes - reflux esophagitis, which has studies report, that almost every tenth 131 people (31 and 100), aged 45-70 occurred as a result of continuous flow citizen of the European countries, the years. To identify the symptoms of the back in the esophagus of gastric or USA and Russia suffers from peptic disease we used gastroenterological intestinal content, bile and pancreatic ulcer disease (GU) of the stomach questionnaire, there was also conducted juice. GERD as an independent and duodenum, and the prevalence of blood sampling and 40 people underwent nosological unit officially was recognized GERD in adults is about 40% and 30% endoscopy. Infection with Helicobacter in 1997 in the Belgian town of Genval at in Yakutia [1, 3, 5]. pylori (Hp) we assessed using a test 56 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL system for the detection of cytotoxic According to our data, the vast plurality of loop-related biologically (expressing CagA - protein) Hp strains. majority of the surveyed diet themselves active substances (toxins, cytokines, Each respondent signed the informed (Tab. 3); eat 4 times a day, the main leukotrienes, prostaglandins, etc.), consent form to participate in the study. meal at lunch time, rarely hasty meals and with the possible development of Statistical processing was carried out and dry rations food and no big break autoimmune reactions. Noteworthy are using SPSS 9.0 program. The criterion between meals. Thus, we revealed no and materials on the participation of Hp in for statistical significance was a level of association of acid diseases with eating the etiology of chronic pancreatitis. Such p = 0.05. disorders, except in individuals taking a connection is theoretically possible, as RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the main meal in the evening (p = 0.02). Hp, as already mentioned, changes the Prevalence of symptoms of acid We often revealed the poor condition of function of the stomach and duodenum, diseases accounted 51% in the the teeth (dental caries, missing teeth) in and the pancreas has a close anatomical inhabitants of Central Yakutia and 56% the adult population. and physiological relationship with these in the inhabitants of the Arctic zone In accordance with our data, in the bodies. Thus, Hp inhibits the synthesis (Table 1). both surveyed populations there was and expression of somatostatin with the We compared age groups (45-60 revealed high prevalence of Hp infection - stomach D-cells, which is accompanied and 61-70 years) and found out that the 87.8%. In the rural residents pepsinogen by a reduction of antral density of these frequency of acid disease symptoms did level 1 (PG1) was significantly lower cells, while the density of G - cells and not differ between these groups. There than that of the urban population. Thus, synthesis of gastrin increase significantly was no age difference in the incidence the rate of atrophy of the gastric mucosa with the subsequent development of the of individual symptoms. As it can be is observed in rural residents more often hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid, and seen from Table 2, the prevalence than in urban ones. Normal indicators of the acidification of the duodenum can of symptoms of acid diseases more PG1 and gastrin - 17 (G-17), indicating stimulate the secretion of pancreatic often is observed among residents of a a lack of atrophic changes in the gastric through the allocation of secretin [8]. In northern zone of Yakutia. It is well known mucosa, were revealed in only 43% of addition, gastrin expresses a weak like that the nature and climate of Yakutia, the inhabitants of Yakutia, compared cholecystokinin effect on pancreatic being not major etiological factors of with 69% of residents of Novosibirsk secretion [9]. Recently it has been disease, nevertheless play a role in the [6]. These differences are probably not shown that in the H-positive person pathogenesis of various diseases as linked to genetic factors, but rather with inter-digestive secretion of pancreatic predisposing factors that determine the the peculiarities of diet and lifestyle. In amylase, lipase and chymotrypsin was regional peculiarity of disease course. rural areas, there is deficiency in fresh significantly higher, but post-prandial Increase of intra-abdominal and/or foods: vegetables, fruits, berries, dairy secretion of enzymes tended to increase. intra-gastric pressure in combination products, meat, assortment of which is So, in individuals infected with Hp, even with the failure of the lower esophageal very limited in the cold period, continuing in asymptomatic carrier, functional sphincter is considered to be factor, most of the year. The lack of fresh disorders not only of the stomach but associated with GERD. Obesity, wearing products and the use of canned and also of pancreatic gland are marked a tight belt, stretching stomach with salt food are known as one of factors [7]. Diseases’ interference significantly abundant food or slowing of gastric of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. changes clinical symptoms and course emptying leads to the increase of intra- The study of food of indigenous people of disease, the nature and severity of abdominal and/or intra-gastric pressure; reveals that nutrition is unbalanced and complications, impairs the quality of life the failure of the lower esophageal suggests a lack of basic micronutrients, of the patient and complicates diagnostic sphincter is provoked by smoking, minerals and vitamins in the diet [4]. and therapeutic effect [2]. alcohol intake, certain medications It is known that the long persistence Pursuant to our study, marital status (nitrates, calcium channel blockers), of Hp in gastroduodenal zone is and employment characteristics of the increased level of estrogen and accompanied by a general, systemic surveyed had no significant effect on the progesterone during pregnancy [3, 5]. exposure to the human body, a frequency of symptoms. Helicobacter infection in populations was revealed in Table 1 the most studied, in this regard we did not find connection of the infection with Prevalence of symptoms of acid diseases among residents of Central Yakutia, % symptoms, in contrast to other studies. The prevalence of Hp infection is very Less than Several high, that perhaps, determines the Once a Once a Daily Symptom 1 time per times a absence of association with symptoms month week month week and individual nosological units, since the vast majority of the population is Heartburn 27 14 4 5 1 infected. CONCLUSION Sour Symptoms of acid disorders have been 10 16 4 5 2 belching reported in 53% of the adult population, more frequently in the residents of the northern Yakutia regions. Risk factors of acid diseases are associated with the Table 2 diet violation and food consumption in the evening. We revealed a high prevalence Prevalence of symptoms of acid diseases among residents of the Arctic, % of chronic atrophic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection and poor dental health. Symptom Less than Once a Once a Several Daily Socio-demographic characteristics, 1 time per month week times a week alcohol, intake of NSAIDs did not affect month the frequency of detection of symptoms. Heartburn 24 20 7 4 1 Some risk factors for these disorders are Sour belching 11 16 5 2 0 modifiable, allowing to plan in relation 2’ 2016 57

gastrita v raznyh populjacijah Sibiri po Table 3 dannym serologicheskogo issledovanija [The prevalence of atrophic gastritis Risk factors of the acid diseases in the population, depending on the area of ​​residence in different populations of Siberia, Risk factor Diet Central Yakutia The Arctic р according to serology] Klinicheskaja Eating regime Regular 98 87 - medicina [Clinical medicine]. 2008, №7, P. 35 - 38. The number of 3 and 36 37 - 7. Dominguez-Munoz J.E. Effect of meals per day more than 3 times a day 68 66 - H. pylori infection on gastrointestinal mobility, pancreatic secretion and Dry rations food Sometimes 29 26 - hormone release in asymptomatic The main meal 21 20 humans / J. E. Dominguez-Munoz, P. Sometimes often 0.02 in the evening 13 12 Melfertheiner // Scand. J. Gastroenterol.- Big interval 2001. - №36. - P. 1141-7. Yes 11 12 - 8. Hambet A. The influence of between meals Quick and hasty Helicobacter pylori infection on Yes 39 20 - postprandial duodenal acid load and food duodenal bulb pH in humans / A. Hambet, L. Olbe // Gastroenterol. - 1996. to them therapeutic and prophylactic Journal]. Yakutsk, 2015, №3 (51), p. 76- - №111. - p.391 - 400. measures. 78. 9. Solomon T. Comparative potencies 3. Izbrannye lekcii po gastrojenterologii of cholecystokinin and gastrin for gastric REFERENCES [Selected lectures on gastroenterology] and pancreatic secretion in dogs / T. 1. Bessonov PP. Bessonova N.G. (ed. V.T. Ivashkin, A.A.Sheptulin). Solomon, J. Jaworek // Gastroenterol. - Kurilovich S.A. Reshetnikov O.V. Moscow: MEDpress, 2001, 88 p. 1984. - № 86.-P.1260. Gastrojezofageal’nyj refljuks i simptomy 4. Krivoshapkin V.G. Sivtseva A.I. dispepsii u korennogo sel’skogo Sivtseva E.N. [et al.] Fakticheskoe Information about the authors: naselenija Jakutii [Gastroesophageal pitanie korennyh malochislennyh Bessonov Prokopij Prokop’evich - reflux and dyspepsia symptoms in narodov Severa [The actual nutrition PhD, Associate Professor, Department indigenous Yakutia rural population]. of the indigenous people of the North]. of Hospital Therapy, Occupational Jakutskij medicinskij zhurnal [Yakut Jakutskij medicinskij zhurnal [Yakut Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Journal]. Yakutsk, 2012, №4 Medical Journal]. 2015, №3 (51), pp 58 Medical Institute FGFOU VPO Ammosov (40), p.28-30. - 61. NEFU, Yakutsk, Russia, e-mail: 2. Bessonov P.P. Bessonova 5. Kurilovich S.A. Reshetnikov O.V. bessonovproc @ mail.ru; N.G. Komorbidnost’ u pacientov s Jepidemiologija zabolevanij organov Bessonova Natalia Georgievna - kislotozavisimymi zabolevanijami i pishhevarenija v Zapadnoj Sibiri PhD, Associate Professor, Department arterial’noj gipertenziej v Respublike [Epidemiology of digestive diseases in of Hospital Therapy, Occupational Saha [Comorbidity in patients with Western Siberia] (ed. Akad.RAMN Yu.P. Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, acid disease and hypertension in the Nikitin), Novosibirsk, 2000, 165 p. Medical Institute FGFOU VPO Ammosov Republic Sakha (Yakutia)]. Jakutskij 6. Reshetnikov O.V. Kurilovich NEFU, Yakutsk, Russia, e-mail: medicinskij zhurnal [Yakut Medical S.A.... Bessonov P.P. [et.al.]. bessonovang @ yandex.ru. Rasprostranennost’ atroficheskogo

A.V. Efremova, G.E. Mironova, L.I. Konstantinova ACTUAL NUTRITION INDEXES OF THE INDIGENOUS RURAL POPULATION OF YAKUTIA

ABSTRACT We researched the actual nutrition among persons of the indigenous nationality of Yakutia. By our study we proved imbalance of the actual nutrition by macro - and micronutrients. Besides we revealed increase in a share of fats (10%) and carbohydrates (12%) in a daily diet. Keywords: indigenous population, the actual nutrition, traditional nutrition, obesity.

INTRODUCTION during many millennia don’t contribute to account a floor and nature of activity. Food of indigenous peoples of the development of much known “diseases MATERIAL AND METHODS North developed protractedly, under of a civilization”. At the same time, the During our study 307 representatives the influence of regional features and separation of inhabitants of a radical of adult population are examined (the social and economic conditions. The nationality from a native habitat, 239 woman and 68 men aged from state of health of aboriginals of Yakutia a traditional way of life and a food 30 till 50 years). The actual food of substantially is defined by their features allowance is caused at them by growth surveyed was studied by means of a which have developed in the course of diseases of the blood circulatory method of daily reproduction of food [2], of centuries-old selection in extreme system and digestion. receiving data on food eaten within the conditions of Far North. The traditional Research objective: to estimate last days by poll with use of an album way of life and type of food developed actual food of radical villagers taking into of foodstuff and dishes [1]. On the basis 58 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL of the obtained data with the help of the tables “Chemical Composition of the Russian Foodstuff” defined a chemical composition of a daily diet [3]. Balance of a diet was estimated in sizes of consumption of the main nutrients, energy and compared to MP 2.3.1. 2432 – 08 “Norms of physiological needs for feedstuffs and energy for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation” [4]. For an assessment of the food status used a body weight index (IMT = the body weight, kg/height, m2). The IMT normal value - 18,5 to 25 kg/ m2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The main reasons leading to obesity are the excess quantity, and high caloric content of the consumed food in a combination to decrease in energy consumption. The excess mass (25,0 – 29,99 kg/ m2) of a body is revealed at Fig. 1. Distribution of the examined aboriginals of Yakutia 32% of men and 37% of women, obesity on nature of kind of work 2 (IMT of 30 kg/ m and more) it is noted at consumed carbohydrates were slightly consumption of fats – for 14%, the 22% of men and 20% of women. lower than norm (for 10%). Caloric content of carbohydrates in a daily diet All examined persons treated working- content of a diet of the men occupied was lower than the sizes of norm for age and lived in rural areas. Physical with easy work met the recommended 24%. All examined men in this group had activity surveyed generally was formed standard. normal body weight. of agricultural work, truck farming, care The indicator of IMT of the patients Among the women occupied with of house conditions, gathering wild occupied with work of average weight an intellectual kind of activity, average berries, hunting and fishing. was on the upper bound of norm. daily consumption of proteins and fats Most of the examined persons have Consumption of protein was 36% lower exceeded the recommended norms been busy with easy physical work than norm, consumption of fats met for 17% and 15% respectively (tab. (group I, 40,5%) (fig. 1), mainly were standard, the amount of carbohydrates 2), and the amount of the consumed engaged in brainwork 27% (group II), was below the recommended size for carbohydrates was above norm for 12%. work of average weight – 28% (group 18%. Caloric content of a diet of men of Respectively and the caloric content of III), 5% treated the IV group, that is did this group of employment was below the a diet of the examined women was 13% hard manual work. In this regard patients recommended norm for 7%. The power higher than the recommended norm. have been divided according to weight value of a diet of the men occupied with The average value of IMT of women of of work. Indicators of the actual food of hard physical work was 16% lower than this group was also above norm ≥ 25,0. men depending on physical activity are the recommended norm as consumption In the second group all main indicators given in table 1. of protein was 14% lower than norm, met standard, except for protein content The obtained data confirm discrepancy of the actual food of the Table 1 examined men to the norms developed by scientific research institute of food The main indicators of the actual food of men depending on kind of work of the Russian Academy of Medical Science (table 1). At the persons Kind of work occupied mainly with brainwork excess Indicator Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, body weight prevailed. Consumption n = 15 n = 17 n = 21 n = 15 of almost all main components IMT, kg/ 2 27,18±1,22 25,75±0,87 25,79±0,68 23,92±0,97 exceeded the recommended norms: m 106,52±11,31 consumption of protein was above the Proteins, 104,06±7,79 135,75±8,94 132,94±14,37 76,47* recommended norm for 28%, fats – for gr 85,67* 99,47* 113,85* 19%, carbohydrates – for 20%. The 104,06±9,79 93,82±10,01 115,15±9,01 115,71±9,97 power value of a daily diet exceeded the Fats, gr recommended size for 21%. 84,52* 98,62* 116,72* 133,97* Carbohy- 457,09±58,94 383,14±28,31 419,72±30,41 447,28±35,59 The IMT average value was in the drates, gr 366,85* 423,97* 514,05* 590,52* second group on the upper bound of Energet. norm that testifies to imbalance of all 3220,62±334,49 2797,85±196,26 3262,89±189,50 3367,91±167,62 value, components of food. The amount of 2530* 2961,25* 3507,50* 4025* kcal the consumed protein among men of this group exceeded the recommended Note: * Norms of physiological needs for energy and feedstuffs for various groups of norm for 18%, consumption of fats the population of the Russian Federation met standard, and the amount of the (Methodical recommendations 2.3.1.2432-08). 2’ 2016 59

Table 2 The main indicators of the actual food of women depending on kind of work

Kind of work Indicator Group I, n = 65 Group II, n = 91 Group III, n = 52 Group IV, n = 15 IMT, kg/m2 26,09±0,7 25,28±0,45 24,44±0,46 24,55±1,54 81,07±3,85 84,13±3,12 88,21±4,41 115,01±12,23 Proteins, gr 67,27* 73,60* 83,95* 95,45*

83,61±4,57 80,67±3,57 85,62±4,68 103,82±8,34 Fats,gr 70,72* 81,65* 96,60* 110,97* 345,29±15,20 343,6±12,49 382,32±24,14 485,76±40,55 Carbohydrates, gr 305,53* 354,20* 424,35* 488,17* 2448,56±103,85 2438,39±80,89 2658,70±142,49 3342,72±309,04 Power value, kcal 2127,50* 2443,75* 2903,75* 3335*

Note: * Norms of physiological needs for energy and feedstuffs for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation (Methodical recommendations 2.3.1.2432-08). (norms for 13% are higher). respectively, and intake of protein met below the recommended size for 7%, Caloric content of a diet of the women standard. and consumption of carbohydrates met occupied with work of average weight In group of the women occupied with standard. Among women of this group of was below norm for 9% as average daily hard physical work the increased protein excess body weight it isn’t revealed. consumption of fats and carbohydrates consumption (for 17%) is revealed Thus, the analysis of average daily was below norm for 11% and for 10% whereas intake of fats with a diet was diets, depending on nature of work, has revealed that with power consumption increase the index of body weight of Table 3 Indicators of the actual food of aboriginals of Yakutia depending on depending gender the examined patients corresponds to distinctions (man,woman) normal values. Average daily consumption of proteins, among all examined persons Recommended Recommended Indica- Woman, has made 91,90 ± 2,13 g/days, fats – Man, n = 66 norms for norms for tors n = 210 87,66 ± 2,15 g/days, carbohydrates men * women * – 371,35 ± 8,37 g/days. The power Proteins, contribution of the main components to 117,48±5,26 96,61-102,35 85,35±2,07 82,80-85,17 gr diet power value, among all examined Fats, gr 104,00±5,00 112,73-120,75 83,40±2,30 95,45-97,75 persons, has made: proteins – 14,0%, fats – 30,0%, carbohydrates – 56,0%. Car- The comparative analysis of the bohy- 416,18±17,96 496,83-531,34 358,83±9,28 420,96-427,80 actual food depending on a floor has drates, shown that men consume slightly gr more proteins and fats, and women – Power 2700,45- 2875,00– carbohydrates (tab. 3). Caloric content value, 3053,53±113,39 2541,44±58,41 3622,54 2932,57 of a daily diet as among women (12%), kcal and among men (13%) was below the Proteins, recommended norms developed by 15,38 11,31-12,03 13,43 11,52-11,61 % scientific research Institute of food of the Fats, % 30,64 29,89-29,98 29,54 29,88-30,00 Russian Academy of Medical Science. Average daily intake of protein with a Car- diet of men exceeded the recommended bohy- 54,51 58,58-58,66 56,48 58,56-58,35 size for 22%. The protein contribution drates, to diet power value, both among men, % and among women exceeded norm. Ratio of Consumption of fats corresponded to proteins: norm indicators, and consumption of fats: 1:0,88:3,55 1:1,17:5,16 1:0,98:4,22 1:1,15:5,05 carbohydrates was slightly lower than сarbo- the recommended sizes. The insufficient hydrates use in food of vegetables and fruit leads to the low level of receipt in an organism Note: * Norms of physiological needs for energy and feedstuffs for various groups of the population of of cellulose and can be the cause of the Russian Federation (Methodical recommendations 2.3.1.2432-08). 60 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL development of diseases of a digestive (sutochnogo) vosproizvedeniya pitaniya fakticheskogo pitaniya naseleniya tract. We have revealed deviations in [Methodical recommendations about an Respubliki Saha (Yakutiya) [Featurs intake of food fibers with a daily diet. assessment of quantity of the consumed of the actual food of the populationof So, men consumed 19,48 ± 1,07 g/days. food by by method of 24-hour (daily the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)] food fibers, and the woman – 14,93 ± allowance) reproduction of food]. 1996, Dalnevostochnyiy meditsinskiy zhurnal 0,50 g/days at norm of 20 g/days. №1, 19/14. [Far East medical journal]. 2005, № 2, CONCLUSION 3. Skurikhin I.M. Tutelyan V.A. P.72 – 74. We revealed that the actual food Himicheskiy sostav rossiyskih pischevyih of indigenous people of Yakutia is produktov: spravochnik [Chemical Information about authors: characterized by imbalance of a diet on composition of the Russian food staff: Efremova Agrafena Vladimirovna macro - and to micronutrients. Increase Reference book]. Moscow, 2002, 236 p. – candidate of biological science, the in a share of fats and carbohydrates (for 4. V.A. Tutelyan, Baturin senior research associate of Department 10% and 12% respectively) in a daily A.K., Gapparov M.G. [et al.] Normyi of studying of mechanisms of adaptation diet testifies to a carbohydrate and lipidic fiziologicheskih potrebnostey v of YSC CMP, Yakutsk, Russia, E-mail: orientation of modern food of indigenous pischevyih veschestvah i energii dlya [email protected]; country people of Yakutia. razlichnyih grupp naseleniya Rossiyskoy Mironova Galina Egorovna – Federatsii: metodicheskie rekomendatsii doctor of biological science, professor REFERENCES MR 2.3.1.2432. [Norms of physiological of department of biochemistry and 1. Martinchik A. N. Baturin A.K. needs for feedstuffs and energy for biotechnology of M. K. Ammosov NEFU Bayeva V.S. Albom portsiy produktov i various groups of the population of Yakutsk, Russia; blyud [Albom portions of products and the Russian Federation: methodical Konstantinova Lena Ivanovna – dishes]. Moscow, 1995, 68 p. recommendation of MR 2.3.1.2432]. researcher of YSC CMP Yakutsk, 2. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii 2008, 39 p. Russia. po otsenke kolichestva potreblyaemoy 5. Ivanov K.I. Shadrina O.V., pischimetodom 24-chasovogo Alekseeva E. Yu. [et al.] Osobennosti

M.M. Tyaptirgyanov, V.M. Tyaptirgyanova, A.V. Chernyh EVALUATION OF THE WATER QUALITY IN THE KOLYMA RIVER ON AN AQUATIC BIOTA

The article reports an analysis of hydro-chemical parameters of water in comparison to the MPC for fishery and drinking water use. Due to a comprehensive assessment in 2010 the water quality of river Kolyma was characterized as the 3rd class category «A» «polluted». Typical contaminants were phenols, copper and zinc compounds. Keywords: salinity, cationic composition, gas mode, biogenic element, the maximum permissible concentration.

INTRODUCTION ments and their impact on aquatic biota of the tides. The Kolyma River, that has a length structure in the formation of modern hy- The Kolyma River is ice-free from of 2129 km, is formed by the confluence drochemical regime of the Kolyma River. 125 to 157 days, the mode level of the of Kullu and Ayan-Yuryakh, originating Research objectives included the de- Kolyma river is most dependent on the in Cherskiy mountain range and flows termination of salinity, anionic and cat- discharge of the Kolyma hydroelectric into the East Siberian Sea. Delta length ionic composition, total hardness, pH, power station, located in the Magadan is 110 km, an area - 3000 km2. Mixed dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutri- region, and therefore characterized by supply: snow (47%), rain (42%) and un- ents and conclusions about the sanitary high spring and august floods. Most of derground (11%). Flood: from mid-May condition of the pond for drinking water the flow is noted from June to August. In to September. Swipe level fluctuations and fishery use. general, during the warm season (May- up to 14 m. The annual flow at the mouth MATERIALS AND METHODS October) is held up to 90-95% of annual - 123 km3 (3,900 m 3 / s). The average Chemical analysis of the water was runoff. A. Novikov [3] noted that the mini- annual sediment load - 5.5 mln tons. It carried out according to generally ac- mum winter water discharges, before the freezes in mid-October, rarely - at the cepted in hydrochemistry freshwater construction of HPP cascade Kolyma, in end of September. Before freezing – ice- techniques [1]. the middle and lower reaches could drop drift and slush lasting from 2 days to a RESULTS AND DISCUSSION to 30-50 m3 / sec. month, ice dams. In winter, frazil - river- We investigated the Kolyma River The temperature regime of the Koly- bed and extensive ground. Ice reveals in area within Srednekolymsk and Nizhny ma River is quite hard. In Srednekolymsk the second half of May and early June. Kolymsky areas. These areas are re- surface water temperature in summer is Debacle lasts from 2 to 18 days. Area of plete with lakes, interconnected river above 10 ° C and keeps 2-2.5 months, lake fisheries fund - 12716 km2 [13, 9]. and canals, dominated by sand and mud and in some years the water tempera- The purpose and objectives of the and silt. The average flow rate - 0.4-0.5 ture reaches 10 ° C. research: the study of the contemporary m / s, in the delta - 0.2-0.3 m / sec, ac- According to Anadyr-Kolyma Water composition of the major chemical ele- quires the reverse direction at the time Association, in 1990 into the Kolyma 2’ 2016 61

River basin and its main tributaries were minimal (7,6-8,2 mg / dm 3) in the spring river waters are rarely iron content great- dropped 32.93 million. m3 of runoff. The and summer. er than 1 mg Fe / dm3. Elevated concen- sources of water pollution, according to In general, the gas mode of the river trations significantly impair the organo- Severovostokupravleniye are mining, Kolyma in the open period is quite favor- leptic properties of water. MPC of iron industrial, transport enterprises, towns able for the development of biological in drinking water is 0.3 mg Fe / dm3 for and farms. life. water fishery is much stricter - 0.1 mg Fe The chemical composition of water Elevated levels of ammonia nitrogen / dm3. In the surveyed areas p. Kolyma of the river Kolyma at the inspected site indicate the improvement of the sani- iron content varied from 0.67 to 1.24 mg belongs to “very mild” and “soft” type [1]. tary condition of the water body. MACs Fe / dm3. Annual minimum salinity (according to for ammonium ion (fishery) is 0.39 mg Maximum iron indices (1,02-1,24 mg our data for 2004-2006 and YAUGKS- / dm3, for drinking purposes - 2 mg / Fe / dm3) were observed in all years of data) falls on the spring flood, the maxi- dm3. Increasing of the concentration of observations in the summer-autumn pe- mum - on the winter. ammonium ions is observed during the riod, which is ten times higher than the The main source of river water sup- extinction of aquatic organisms. A signifi- MPC for drinking as well as for fishery plies are being formed directly on the cant number of them fed by surface run- water. surface of the catchment. On the whole, off and atmospheric deposition. A natu- The concentration of silicon in the over the period of mineralization value ral source of ammonia nitrogen are also surveyed area of r. Kolyma varied from was close and ranged, in 2004 - 60,2- lifetime allocation of aquatic organisms, 0.1 to 4.0 mg Si / dm3 and did not ex- 109,3 mg / dm 3, 2005 - 61,2-102 mg / particularly invertebrates [8]. In addition ceed the accepted limit (10 mg Si / dm3). dm3, in 2006 - 62.7 -108 mg / dm3, while to ammonium nitrogen it is formed as a The study of organic matter in the the average for the year - 84.2 - 91.6 mg result of anaerobic processes reduction water associated with the solution of a / dm3. Average annual rate of mineral- of nitrates and nitrites. number of practical issues in the field of ization - 87.5 mg / dm3. The most mini- In the surveyed area of ammonia ni- water supply and fisheries. Its content mal mineralization observed in the sum- trogen content is ambiguous: from 0.08 in surface waters is determined by a set mer of 2004 and was 60.2 mg / dm3, the to 0.66 mg N / dm3 and the average was of processes occurring in the reservoir, maximum winter 2004 - 109.3 mg / dm3. 0.24 mg N / dm3. and the posthumous life aquatic dis- Bicarbonates in the ionic composi- The concentration of nitrite in the sur- charge, precipitation, surface, industrial tion of the water in the subject area in veyed area of the river Kolyma changed and utility fluids. Organic substances are 2004-2006are predominant ; on average from “not detected” to 0.012 mg N / dm3. dissolved in water, and a colloidal sus- - 31.1 years - 33.4% eq. Calcium ions And no more than any one season or pension. They can move from one form also are the predominant ions and make MAC for drinking water (3 mg N / dm3), to another under the influence of physi- up an average of 21.1 years - 24.2% eq. nor for the fishery (0.08 mg N / dm3) cal, chemical and biological conditions Chloride content is relatively small, water. It is known that small amounts continuously. but fluctuations are significant(0.3 - 7.0 of nitrite can be present even in uncon- The estimated total amount of organic mg / dm3), it seems, it can be explained taminated saturated oxygen reservoirs. matter produced as a result of dichro- by tidal phenomena in the delta. In Sec. Males were stable during the mate oxidation (COD). It is known that The total hardness of the water has years 2004-2006. and were <0.007 mg the northern and southern taiga are in- changed from 0.50 to 1.15 mmol / dm3 N / dm3. creased oxidation zone [11]. COD wa- and the average annual rate was 0.91 Nitrate does not go beyond the ad- ter, certain dichromate method can be mmol / dm3. The lowest (0.5 mmol / missible limits (9.0 mg N / dm3) and considered as an approximate measure. dm3) was observed in 2006, and the changed from 0.10 to 0.205 mg N / dm3. Surveys conducted in 2004-2006. in the maximum (1.15 mmol / dm3) in April The highest rates were recorded in the lower reaches of the river Kolyma at p. 2004. winter period (March-April) of 2004 and Males showed that COD is not unique. The great importance in the evalua- the lowest - in the autumn of 2005. The Quantitative indicators COD varied tion of the quality of natural water has a low nitrate content indicators, apparent- from 6.9 to 24.8 mg O / dm3 and aver- pH value. At a pH value of the surveyed ly, can be explained by the fact that the aged 16.3 mg O / dm3. The highest rates area has fluctuated slightly, from 6.37 to samples were taken during the growing were observed in summer and autumn 7.3, which is well within the maximum season, when the content of nitrate nitro- (21,0-24,8 mg O / dm3), and the lowest permissible limits (6.5-8.5). The lowest gen is minimal. (6.9) in the winter, when the oxidative rates are slightly shifted to the acid side, Maximum values of total phosphorus processes are slowed down due to low were observed in the spring and summer were observed in the autumn-winter pe- temperatures. of 2006 (6.4) and the highest (7.3) in the riod in 2004. Note, however, that such COD figures are in good agreement winter of 2004. This is due to the fact laws were found in 2005-2006., When with the chrominance values. It varied that while the spring tide, when there is maximum rates were summer (0,202- from 22 to 203 and an average of 47.8 ° a flush catchments wetland rich in humic 0,208 mg P / dm3), and minimum val- in 2004-2006., Exceeding the accepted substances, the water becomes acidic in ues (0.041 mg P / dm3) in April 2004- limit. nature, whereas it is neutral in the winter. 2005. The average phosphorus content Long-term observations of claim. The oxygen content in the water of the in 2006 was 0.1 mg P / dm3, t. E. Even Males showed a distinct seasonal trend. river Kolyma at the period 2004-2006var- minimal phosphates figures were about If the spring-summer period of 2005, the ied within relatively narrow limits (from the same MAC (0.040 mg P / dm3). COD value is ranged from 90 ° to 152 °, 7.6 to 10.3 mg / dm3), reaching 120% The processes of weathering of rocks then in the fall and winter - from 20 ° to of saturation. Seasonal dynamics are lead to the accumulation in the surface 22 °, and the average for the year was well pronounced. The highest rates of waters of iron compounds. In addition, 55 °, exceeding the permissible limits. A dissolved oxygen were observed in au- admission is possible with underground, similar pattern was observed in 2004 - tumn and winter (9,5-10,3 mg / dm3) and industrial and agricultural effluents. The in the spring and summer - 80 ° -138 °, 62 YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL in the autumn-winter period - 12 ° -21 °, of mg / dm3. In areas of pollution, it in- respectively, the average concentration and the average was 51 °. creases up to several tenths of a milli- reached 1-3 MPC [6]. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) gram, and can reach close to sources of In 2010, a comprehensive assess- is determined according to the standard pollution a few milligrams. ment of the water quality of river. Kolyma after five days of incubation, or- com The main factors reducing the con- in Srednekolymsk near testified that the plete. The results allow to assess water centration of water entering the surfac- water in all cross-sections of the river quality. The observations were made in tants are the processes of biochemical characterized by the 3rd class “A” cate- the paragraph from p. End of the Line for oxidation. Their speed is dependent on gory (as “polluted”), but below, the Sred- 2004-2006., BOD value is ranged from the water temperature, pH and suspend- nekolymsk 1 km was a class of water 2.7 to 3.3 mg O / dm3. And the highest ed solids t. D. quality change for the worse . The most rates (about 3.3 mg / dm3) was in Oc- The content of surfactants in the typical contaminants of water throughout tober, when there is a death of aquatic district Kolyma does not exceed the the river were phenols, average concen- organisms, and consequently, a large maximum permissible concentration for trations are almost unchanged compared consumption of oxygen affects the de- drinking purposes (0.01 mg / dm3) and to the previous year (an average of 1.8 composition of organic substances. exceeds for fishery water (0.5 m