CENSUS OF 1921

ADMINISTRATION REPORT-

OF THE CENSUS DEPARTMENT

CENTRAL PROVINCES AND BERAf

BY

N. J. ROUGHTON, B.A., I,C.S.,

SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS

NAGPUR

PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS h!!('nts tor the sale oj Books publ£shed by the Central Provil'/&e~ C(YVCY7ll11CJI i.

IN ENGLAND.

C.1l<1Il'ABJ.'& & Co., l(), Orange Str"et, Leicester ~qull.l·e, Louttou, W. C. 1'. S. KING & SOON, 9, Bridge Stren." \Vc"tminster, Loudon, S. W. l(EGAN l'AUL, TBENOR, TRUBNER & Co., 68/74, C:.rtcr Lane, Loud;m. E;. C., .. "Ii 39. l\ew Oxford Street, London, W. C. E. QIl'ARJT1lH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London, W·. ORnmLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street, London, S. W. DEIGHTON BELL & Co., LD., Cambridge. B. H. BLAOKWELl" 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford. HENRY S. KING ,II Co., 65, Cornhill, J,~ndon, E. C. LUZAO & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, Loudon, 'V. Co W. TUAOKRR & Co., 2, Creed Lane, Loudon, E. <.:. OLIVER & llOYD, Tweeddate Court, ~;dinburg'h. E. PONSONBY, LTD., 116, Grafton Street, Dllhtin. T. FI8HER UNWIN, LTD., I, Adelphi Terr8ce, Lond.,". W. C. iVlLLUM WJlilLBY &. SON, 28, E •• ex Street, Strand, Loull{'J..

ON THE CONTINENT. l'tl.NEtiT LhR()'UX, 28. Rue BOllaparu, l'ari •• MARTII'IU8 NIJIIOF~, 'l'he Hague. OTTO HARRASSOWITZ, LeipZig. !I!'BIEDLAJSDER & !:lOIlN, Herlin.

IN INDIA AND 'l'HE COLONIES.

TBA OltBK, 8PIN][ & Co., Calcutta and Simla. NEWMAlI &. Co., Calcutta. R. CUUjBAY &; Co., C!l.lcutta. S. K. LABIBI &; Co., Calcutta. BUr':EJI,WORTB &. Co. (INDIA), LTD, 8-2, H!l.stin~s Street, C",lculta, CALOUTTA SOBOOL BOOK AND USEFUL LITERATUBB SOOIETY, Calcntta. TaB WBLDON LIBRARY, 18/5, Chowringhee Road, Calcn&ta. M. C. SmOAR &; SONS, 75, Harrison Road, Calcut~a. THE ASSOCIATION PRESS, Calcutta. THE PROPBIIITOR, INTERNATIONAL llUDDHIST llOOK DEPOT, 4, Chandney Chowk, 1st Lane, Calcu~"'" A. J. COMBRIDGB & Co., Bombay. TBAOKBR &; Co., LTD., Bombay. D.13. TARAl'OBEVALA, SONS &; Co., Bomloay. RADHAlJAI ATKAIUll SAGOON, Bombay. SUNDEE PANDURANG, 25, Kalbadevi Road, Bombay. Ri.1H1HANDRA GOVIND & SON, BooKsellers, Ka.lbadevi, Bombay. A. J. COMBBLDGH & Co., Madras. HIGGINBOTHAM &; Co., Madras. V. KALYAI'IAIU.ll lYRB &; Co., Madras. G. A. NATB84N &; Co., MlLdras. S. MURrin &; Co., Madras. 1'1l0Ml'SON &. Co., Madra.s. 'l'EKI'LB & Co., Madras. RAI SAHIB M. OULAB SINGH & SONS, La.hore. THE PUOPBI&TOR, NEWAL KlSUORE PREStI, Lucknow. N. B. MATHUB, SUPBRINTENDBNT, NAZAIR KANUN HIND PREIS, Allahabad. A. H. WHEELER & CO., Alla.h8blld, Calcutta and Bombay. SUPEBIN'rBNDENT, AllBRIOAN BAPTIB'J! MISSION PRBII, Itangoon. MANA.GBB, GENERAL BOOK DB1'6r, Nagpur and Jnbbulpore. l'HB I\U.NA.GER, "The Hitawad," Nagpur. A. M. & J. FERIlUION, Booksellers, Ceylon. BABU' S. C. TALUQDAB, Proprietor, Students &:. Co., Cooch Behar. TH.a STANDARD BOOKSTALL, Karachi. KARSANDAB NARANDAI &:. Sona, Surat. :t.i'Vl{IBI S.ITA BU, Maolliing Proprietor, Indian Army Book Dep6t, JuhiJ CawDpore. 'IllB PaOl'RIB'l'ORl, Ne\v Kitabkhana., Poona.. TABLE OF eONTENT~

PART I.-ENUMERATION~

PAGES, tHAPTER I-Introduction I

II--Drafting, translation and printing of orders, circulars, forms, etc. :I " III-Preliminary arrangements in districts , .• 3 " IV-Division of areas into Census charges and Circles " 04- V-The Census staff " 5 ,. VI-House-numbering 6 VII-The preliminary Census 6 & 1 " VlII-The actual Census " ... } 8 IX-Special arrangements " .. , X-Furms II 9 XI -District Census expenditure '" ... } 10 XII-General remarks " , .. STATEMENT I-Census Divisions and Agency ••• II II-Number of forms supplied and used ... " ... II-A-Showing the number of English forms supplied and used " ... Il-B-Showing the number of Hindi forms supplied and used

). Ie-C-D-Showing the number of forms in other lan~uages supplied and used, 15 III-District Census charges ... 16 IV-Showing the number of prosecutions instituted and } " imposed in districts or States. fin~~

)1 V-Showing the date and time of despatch and receipt of the Provisional Totals and their accuracy ...

PART II.-SLIP COPYING;

Slip copying •••~ 18-21

PART IlI.-SoRTING AND COMPILATION,

Sorting and Compilation ... 22-26

PART IV.-COST OF THE CENSUS, Note on Accounts ... Financial Statements ... APPENDICES. Appendix A-Gazette notifications ullr1er the Census Act of 1~20 3 2 & 33 B-List of Compilations preserved " 34 C-List of caste names returned In the Schedule with their final " classification ...

OICNSUS OF 1021.

r'\DMINISTRATION REPORT

or. TI[E CENSUS DEPARTNIENT CENTRAL PROVINCES AND BERAR

PART I.-ENUMERATION.

CHAPTER I.-I;\;TRODtiCTION.

I. The Cen:;us Operalions in the Central Provinces and Berar began with Change; afecting the Cen,us the appointment of thf' Provincial Superintendent from the Organi~~tivn- 1st ...\pril 1920.

There werc Ill) changes during the ckcade, which affected the external boundaries of the Provinrf', and internallv the redistribution of territory between the districts of Bhandara and Halaghat . caused the only important n{odification of population and areas. Except for the inter-change of one village between Kanker State and Raipur the Feudatory States remained as they were.

2. From the Census Administration Report of 19 [I it appears that eve ry Records of thp- previous precaution was adopted to enable the records of that Census. Census to be preserved intact. This, however, did oot stay the hand of the eliminator in the Secretariat, and of the compilations of important orcins carefully prepared in I91 I all but O1W copy had been eliminated. This had been required by the Census Commissiullt'f for India, but he returned it for my use. I was ahle, however, to obtain partly' from District offices a complete set of forms, circulars and rult's in English, Hindi and Marathi. The majority of the office flIes prt'sern~d in 1911 escaped destruction. A list shU'wing the compilations no\\' prt'st:n-cd is appended to this repol t (Appendix B). In each District and Stall' also the authority concerned has been asked to preserve carefully all important Census records such as the General Yillage Register, the Circle lists, Census maps, important correspondence, orders issued by them and five compilations of forms, circulars, rules, etc., in English and the Vernacular used in the Disi rid or State.

3· Tht-' Census Operations began in these Provinces 'with the appointment The prli'liminary organ;' of the Provincial :-1upcrintendent on the I st April 1920; sation. and as the cost at the next Census is likely to be very considerablv greater if it be found necessary to pay the Enumerators, it will not be out of place to suggest a means whereby the expenditure can be kept down. The first matter to \vhich attention has to be directed is the supply of the large amount of papfT necessary for usc in the enumeration, and after this the drafting and issue of tht' various chapters of the Ct"nSllS Code. In provinces like this 1n which there is a well defined village, which makes the preparation of ~omplete village lists unnecessarY, the first actual operation in districts is that ot house­ numbering, \vhich should be undertaken in the month of October or earlier if the rains hav~ ceased earlier. Prior to this, there is a certain amount of preliminary organisation in districts, and a report in the form of the General Village Register has to be sent to the Census Superintendent by the end of July, in which the Census arrangenlf'nts arc set out an:.1 the Dumber of houses reported. 1 would 2 DRAF rING, TRANSLATION AND PRINTING OF ORDERS, ETC. [Chap. II.

suggest that this report be omitted altogether and that no preliminary estimate of the number of houses be sent in. The Superintendent would b..-:: unable to check thp number of forms actually required, and it would therefore be necessary to provide a iomewhat larger reserve, but given a reasonable reserve the estimate based all the population of the last Census, and the number of reported births and deaths would be sufficiently near the mark. As regards the district organi­ sation and the division of the country into circles, ch':lTges and blocks the arrangements of the last Census are 110\\' so closely followed, and the officers on the spot arc so much better informed of the local conditions that the Superintendent is unlikely to he able to suggest any useful alterations If, therefore, the Deputy Commissioner is in a position to issue final orders on the Cen5ius organisation at the end of Septemher it is then possible to proceed at once with the !10use-numbering towards the end of Octoher. It follows that if the Deputy Commissioner has nothing to refer back to the Superintendent he will have sufficient time if he receives his first instructions at the beginning of August. The preparation of the Census Code by the Provincial Superin­ tendent can he done very quickly, as he has only to adopt the Imperia1 COlle with a few alterations to suit local conditions. He should have no difficulty in iS5uing the earlifT chapters within two months of their receipt. If, therefore, the Superintendent has a supply of paper delivered in Nagpur by June 1st, he can gtart his work on that date; and there is no reason that the simple calculation for the amount of paper should not be made by the Census Commissioner for India, who, when he arranges the paper contract, can at the same time state the quantity to be sent to each province. It must be borne in mind that the Provincial Superintendent has little opportunity of introducing any changes in the actual met.hod of enumeration which is standardised for the whole of India. He will have sufficient time to study the subject, and form his idea as to the matter to be presented in the report during the preliminary organisation. I would, therefore, suggest that the appointment of the Superintendent should be made on June I st instead of April I sL

CHAPTER n.-DRAFTING, TRANSLATION AND PRINTING OF ORDERS, CIRCULARS, FORMS, ETC.

4· The Provincial Census Code was issued in chapters based very largely on the Code issued by the Commissioner of Census for Drafting of Census Regu!a- ! ndia. There was ample time to get th(: various orders t;ons. - issued before the operations to which they referred began. It must, however, be remembered that considerable time may elapse COll- before instructions issued in Nap.purb and intended for an Enumerator on the nnes of Sironc ha reach their objective. As a general rule all printed matter should be sent to press two months hefore it is required in districts. Some of the instructions were somewhat delayed by the tardy arrival of the portions of the India Code relating to them, e. g., the rules for Census of Railways and Cantonments, hut ultimately they rcached their destination in time for the lost grourd to be made up. It is advisable not to issue rules before tht~y are required. In particular the subsidiary ins! ructions to Enumerators, if the Census is taken in March, need not be issued bdore t ht~ end of the preceding rains_ Various bodies, particular! y those concerned in matters of caste and religion, ahvays have suggestions to make as io the mcLllOd in which cntries should be ll:~lde in the General Schedules, am1 I f(mnd from experience that addenda on slips of paper are confvsing to the Enumerators and are liable to be lost or over­ loo;.;cd. I n particular, allY orders that are not reproduced from the preceding Census ha \1 e to be emphasiscd not mere] y by inclusion in the Code, but by enquiry at in tcrvals to set~ that they :Ln~ heing ~~;lrricd out. SOll1(: Deputy Com­ missioners ha ve urged that all instructizli1s should be issued together in hook form, bllt this is not practicable ;is th:y arc not all ready [or issue at the same time, while some arc rl:quircJ ill muc h grca~l:r llU;11bcrs \ han others. There is. however, no ()l;j~~ction to the iss'J~ ()[ the Co,:c as a \vhok in English for the usc of the sup,'rvising staff. Chap. Ill] PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS IN DISTRICTS. 3

s. The translation of circulars and forms was made in my office, the Oriental Translator being consulted where necessary. Little modi­ Tr:l.nslation. fication in the language used in 191 I was necessary. Few criticisms of the language used have been made and these are mainlv based on the fact that it is impossible to find expressions current in all the Hindi dialects of the Province, though the same difficulty does not exist in the case of Marathi. Urdu forms were not issued 21t all, and Oriya forms were no longer required, as in the Oriya-speaking parts Hindi has sufficiently spread during the last decade to enable all the Census work to be done in that language. A small number of Telugu forms and instructions were obtained from Madras for use in the Sironcha tahsil of the Chanda district.

6. The Codl: and all the printed circulars required for the enumeration were printed by the Nagpur Government Press in English as Printing of circulars and well as in the Vernacular. All the Hindi. Marathi and forms. English forms used for enumnation were printed at. the Central Jail, Nagpur, where the rates, which only covered the actual cost, were' far below any that could be obtained by private presses. The advantage of dealing with the Jail Press is vc:ry great, as copies can be turned out much quicker than at private presses, and I have received no complaints as to legibility of forms in spite of the immense magnitude of the work, and I take the opportunity of acknowledging the assistance which I received from Mr. E. E. Thornas, 1.S.0., Superintendent of the Central Jail, Nagpur, and his staff ill dealing with the hcJ.\·y Census work.

7. The contract for the supply of paper for forms was arranged by the Census Commissioner for India with the Bengal and the Paper. Titaghar Paper Mills, Calcutta. Owing to the prevailing shortage of paper supplies, it was necessary to spread the printing of forms over a longer period, and the last supply of forms was not despatched until the end of December preceding the Census, but as districts were supplied with a portion of their requirements earlier no inconvenience was experienced. I allowed a margin of ten per cent for unforeseen requirements and found this to be just sufficient. The ordinary Jail-made paper is not of sufficiently good quality for usc in Census work. The Nagpur Gov(-~rniTIent Press supplied the paper for the circulars printed there.

8. The forms printed at the Nagpur Central Jail "were despatched direct to Districts and States. The despatching was expedi­ Despatching. tious, though occasionally Marathi forms were despatched in place of Hindi ones and vz'ce verla; and it would be as well to ask States and Districts when acknowledging the receipt of vernacular forms and circulars to report that they are in the correct vernacular. Circulars printed at lhe Nagpur Government Press were despatched from my office.

CHAPTER I1I.-PRELl lVII;";;\R Y ARRANGEMENTS IN DiSiR ICTS.

9. It has been recognised on the last three occasions on which a C.'TlSl!S has bevn taken in these Provinces that the preparatioJl of Village Register. a General Village Register is unnecessary. T he whole of the cultivated area in the Centr;d Province~ is diviccd conn~niently into Rl'Vl'l1Ue inspector and Patwari circlt"s for the purposes of lanc~ [(-cords and the same holds good with most of the.' Ft:nc!arory States. Even in the Stat:t:s 1hat have no elaborate land-record system and may still b(' the home of dahia or shiit­ ing cultivation, a record pn~p:trecl morc than a year before the ;tctun\ Census is taken will not be thl: basis ot any mort~ accurate inforn~a;il)J1, than that ohuilll:c1 during the progress of the actu;il operations. In HlT:u, \\·ht'rc lW[('ditary P:1t~ waries hold their office in ('ach vilbgc there is no "vell ddi;Wcl Pal'l':ari ('il-cL~ such :lS obtains in the Central Provinces. but "with the C:~'t}(T:"nc,· of fnrrp'T C"n,;:!s t1ll'rc is no chance of :ll1y \ ilhg': h"ing overlooked. l: tTSllS mars \vill :,_:cT1l:r;dly 4 DIVISION OF AREAS INTO CENSUS ClfAR(;ES AND CIRCLES. [Chap. IV.

_-----_.------.--- be available for the preceding Census; if not, there arc usually maps available at head-quarters for Census purposes; it should not he necessary to waste money on the preparation of entirely new maps. There is, therefore, no necessity for Census operations in Districts or States to commence before the issue of the first three Chapters of the Code dealing with CE'11S11S arrangements in urban and mral areas.

CHAPTER IV.-DI\'ISIOJ\' OF AREAS INTO CENSUS CHARGES A]\'D CIRCLES.

10. Thc land record staff supplies an agency most excellently adapted to The L~nd record staff and the carrying out of 1 he Census operations in rural areas. st~fi in nrbnn areas. Most fortunately Settlement operatiC'ns were nearing their close in BeLul ,mel Bhandara when the preliminary organisation commenced, and the K ort hern Tahsils of tlw Chanda district were the only area actually under settkment when the Ct'nsus was taken. The Census Code is fairly elastic in the dates provided for the operations, and no difficulty was experienced by the Deputy Commissioner and the Settlement Office of the Chanda district in dovt~­ tailing-together th(' two operations.

1 I. The Patwari circle was therefore in the Central PrO\·inces again the Cen­ sus circle as was also the case in those Feudatory States The Circle. which have adopted the Central Provinces Land Revenue System. In the other Feudatory States and in Berar the scheme of the preceding Census was in general followed. 'Where the Patwari circle contained a small town or large village, that area was often with advantage given over to a separate agency, generally a schoolmaster or a member of the managing body of the town or village. Famine was prevalent over large areas in the touring season preceding the final enumeration, and when the organisation of famine relief required, the sub-division of circles was done in the same way as for the purposes of the Census. When Patwari circles were too large they were either sub­ divided, or an assistant was given to the Patwari. The system to be followed should be decided by the Deputy Commissioner on considerations of personnel and distance.

12. The charges in the Census rose from 644 in 1910-1 I to 649 in 1920-21. '1 C· 1 Famine operations being in full swing. the charge, as was "" narge. t h e case WIt . h t h e Clre . Ie, \vas su b -d'IVI c' de d' m a 1arge num ber of instances, and the Revenue Inspector was either given an assistant, or a portion of the revenue circle definitely handed over to another man. This division is always necessary for large revenue circles, and the choice as to which of the l wu methods is to be followed should be left to the discretion of the district officials. In Herar the scheme of the previous Census \vas closelv followed. Indeed, it was too slavishly followed in two districts, where the Revenue Inspectors in con­ sequence found themselves controlling areas not in their own circles.

13. The village served as the unit of the Census, or the block as it is The Block. called, though larger. villages \vere c.l.ivide~ into tw~ or more blocks accordmg to the size of theIr populatIOn. WhcJ:e the[e are .small areas or hamlets belonging to the village but separated from It bv soml~ httlt:' distance the\' were either included in the main block, or were formed i~to a separate bJock. Space is provided in the circle list for the inclusion of these hamlets, and it is a part of the duty of the supervising officer to see that they ;:re not overlooked. The circle list provides a most useful check both of areas and ot th(-: Census staff, and it is most important, particularly in those Feudatory States whlt' h ha\'(~ no settled land revenue system, that t he supervising officials should make careful enquiries as to areas which are divided off from the ;llain place of residence. The circle list in addition is the basis on which thE' General Village Register is prepared. From this an abstract has to be sent to t~(' Provincial Superintendent by ] uly 1 st showing the number of houses, blocks. cl[(-:les, charges, etc. The date for the receipt of this information had to be Chap. V.] THE CENSUS STAFF. 5

postponed to August I st, as was unabie, owing to my first supply of paper bein~ late, t? issue the. forn:5 c:f the General Village Register punctually, but the mformatJon \yas J"('Cl'lyed 111 tIme to enable me to make a suffi~:ently accurate forecast of the number of forms required.

14. AS,1t last Census. t}w serial numbering of charges and circles was not made on a uniform system in each district and this System of numbering callsecl inconvenience il~ the abstraction offices, Circles Charges and Circles'. f should there ore in future be numbered in serial order througllOut the tahsil, ;l1lY circles ,that require to be added during the course of operations being giwn ~l sub-nunJ~er. This \rill be much better than allowina .districts to follow the system "hich they may consider to be the mos~ convenient

IS. Towns ,,'ere constit ut('d into separate c h;uges or circles according to their size. The organisation in urban areas should be Census Divi"ClI1S in Ulbe>ll kept separate as f:tr as possihle fn1J11 that in the rural areas. ones. A s f elr elS POSSI)'11 c municipal (:i"isions ,\'(;rc followed in forming circles and blocks. In cantonments the areas \\ithin military limits­ vide Chapter VITI of the Census Code-should not be included in circles partlY outside those limits, ~lS it will probably be Ill'Cl'Ss:lry to shc)\\' the Civil and Military population separately, as far as possible, and unless the areas, as they should be, arl,: properly di\'idl'd off this cannot be done. It is also necessarv carefully to check the limits of urban areas to see that no residence fails t<'> come in within either urban or rural jurisdiction.

CHAPTER V.-THE CEI\SUS STAFF.

16. The growing complexity of the work (If general administration, and the prevalance of famine in the year 1920-21 found District Cen~us Officers. Deputy Commissioners fully occupied and the district organisation was everywhere put in charge of an assistant except ill Narsinghpur where the Deputy Commissioner \vas able to tClkc charge himself. The S);st"PI1l ,vorked excellently, as the Deputy Commissioner remained in supreme control, and gave his decision on any important points referred to him, while his time was not unnecessarily occupied by the mass of detail insepa.rable from Census operations, The assistant in charge acted mainly as a co-ordinating officer, but in addition frequently gave his personal attention to special matters such as the Railway Census, or arrangements in large towns and cities. The other assistants generally were Sub-Divisional Officers and ,,,ere responsible for the areas in their charge assisted by Tahsildars, who in their tahsils or taluqs controlled the work of the Charge Superinkndents.

17, As has beell already stated ill rural areas, the Revenue Inspectors and Pat\l'aris were the Charge Superintendents and Charge Superintendents Supervisors, In some cases, where the exigencies of and Supervisors. f·:lmll1e a d·'·ITIlI1lstratlO1l cause d t h e R cycnue Inspector's circle to be sub-diyic.lcd, thl~ Census organisation followed suit. and the man appointed to Lake charge of the newly formed circle, usually a promoted Patwari, became the Charge Superintendent for that area, In towns non-off-icial municipal n'cmbers often made excellent Charge Superintendents and this is undoubtedly the best arrangement. It was sometimes necessary to depute an official to supplement their efforts, but there is no doubt that at a time when the urban population \ras inclined t() be hostile to government, a non-official was of the greatest assistance in winning round t~c r~calcitrant memhers of the p.ublic. A government pensioner of some standmg, If one can be found, is suffiCIently alo~of from government to avoid political hostility and at the SClmC time has the advantage of his life-long training in organisation and execution. \Vhere their services were available the P~ltwari made by far the best Supen-isor in rural areas owing to the fact that he was the official subordinate of the 6 HOlJSE-NUAIBERING-THE PR ELL\1INARY CENSUS. [Chaps. VI & VII.

Revenue lnspq::tof, and (~v('n, where as in Chhinciwara, tlw P:ltwaris almost unanimously went on strike shortly befon~ the day for final enumeration, the Deputy Commissioner remarks they must always remain the backbone of tht~ organisation. Schoolmasters in many cases were usefully employed in the larger places in relieving the Patwari of soml' of the work, but the fact that t hey are now seldom subordinate to the Deputy Commissioner makes a mort: t'xtensive llSC of their services ullcksirable. In the largf~r towns allLI (~ities more government officials were employed than heretofore, largely as a H'slllt of till' sprl:acl of the non-cooperation movement j and 1 must here acknowledge tl-:e courlt'sy of the various heads of offices, who spared officials for Cellsus dutil'S allli of those officials who added to an otherwise full day's work by dcyoting a consickrablc amount of time to the Census.

) 8. By far the majority of Enumerators \Verl~ non-nffit:i,t1s; out of :l n'J'11ber of 9.),830 persons so employed, only 1i-,5-+o WtTC officials, Enumerators. ;l1ld of Illese 6,736 were schoolmasters. 0[' the officials the brgcst number wen' cmpluYl'd in trJlvns and in forest :lrl':ts. Thl~re was considerable difficult y in obt:lining t-;nough Enumerators in parts oi t hl~ country affected by the non-cooperatioll movement, and in some cases EnUl11tTators who had :1ccq)tcd the appointment put forward frivolous CXC1IS('S and resigned_ The threat of prosecution under the Census Act was however gel1cr:dly. sufficient. It may, howevl'r, be doubted, whether it would haye been p('ssihl~ to get the work dOlJe even a fen·- months later ,,-ithout paying the Enumerat(lrs, and this question will have to b,~ very carefully considered at the next Census.

CHAPTER VI.-HOUSE-NUJ\IBERING.

19. The house-numbering was done by the Supervisors assistl~d by the Enumerators during the m·onth of October. The rains Time. and Agency of H,)use- ceased early, and the operations wen~ consequently numbenng. J fi illS. 1<: d \ve 11 up-to-d ate. I twas c h ec 1

CHAPTER VII.-THE PRELIMINARY CENSUS.

20. Perhaps the most important feature of the Census organisation is the training of the staff. However complek the instructions Arrangements £elr tr~ining may be, there will always be Enumerators unwilling or the staff. unable to understand them unless and until they have had the various entries in the schedules explained to them column by co!t;mn. The instructions· themselves should be as simple as possible and should be issued as Chap. VII.] THE PRELll\IINARV CENSUS. 7

late as possible in order that the various points, which the Superilltende11t is always ask<:d at the last moment to include in the schedules may. be reproduced in one place. The cover ot the l'nunwratioJ1 book containeci tlw main instructions for filling up the schedules, and on the back is a specimen schedule which contains a number of entries in which the Enumerator might go wwng. This specimen schedule is very useful in solving llifficultics for tlw Enumcr:ltors, but of course it cannot give examples in every lloubtful case:, In :tcIclitillll, each Enumt~rator rt'cci\Td :t papt'r printed in his motlwr tongut~ givillg in detail :111 the points on which doubt can be felt, and as the experience of all the previous Censuses is now embodied in these instructions, which wen' issued as an Appendix to Chapter XII of the Census Code, there :In' now very few points that they do WJt cover. The instructions to Supervisors anc! Charg(~ Superintt'ndcnts were also issued as Appcndlces to Chapter XII and were translatt:d 1nto the vernacular. The verbal tr:-tininF was done by means of conferences at convcnient ccntres, ;md thest' were attend~~d by Supervisors and the locaJ Enumcraturs, The Supervisors passed on their knowledge to their Enumerators who in most instances were asked to prepare rough scheduIcs on ordinary paper bcfon: writ iug up the printed Eunmer­ ation books. This is gener:dly found to be lll;Cl~ss:lry, ;mu may wdl in future be (>mboclit'cJ in the Census Code. I found, that in m:lst cases the Enumerators UncltTst()od their work well, and that the answers to the questions, which were tht, same as at the previous Census, were properly r<_:cordecl. Any new matter, however, introduced at the present Census, unless it was particularly impressed O!1 the staff in addition to appearing in thl: writtl:n instructions, was apt to be overlooked. For instance, an attempt was made to LIke a Cc:nsus of handlooms in order to discover the proportion of improved looms in usc, and the information should have been given in the block lists. The returns in this respect were so inaccurate that the information when collected couLl nut bL' used.

2 r. After the Enumerators had been fully instructed in the methocl of The ~"stelll of testing the writing up the Schedules thcy wcre allowed about six record, - weeks in 'rhieh to fill up the buoks, During this period cVl'rybody available is asked to do son1\' checking, The greatest difficulty \vith which the staff had to contend was the prcvalencL' uf famin(~ which put a \'ery heavy burden on officials; and the remarks of the Dl:puty Commissioner, Chhind­ \\'ara, w hic h I quote below, indicate how he",,} that burden was-

,r To IlC;._:in with tJlf~ revenue SLlff Cl)I1lI11Cn(Td tJ]('ir dutil'S after the extra burden of wurk d,l(' to the Reforms had be('n laid down, Tht:n ,'am,' tIll' :lIlXi,lll£ time when the Ill()l1S()()1l failed and crop ()utturns hac! to 1)(' prcpar,'d fur CV,'I"\' \' il!a~~e, Therc were also the " lllt"T,:ll(,CS held at head-quarters hstillc!; ['ir S,Jn1l' da.'" dl1ring which tinH~ all Rc\enuc I nspcctnrs and a good many Patwaris were present. 1'1'('("( 'ding the declaration of sGlrcit y. grat Iii t()t]S n'lief lists had to be prcpan '<1 and this \\-as ll') 51 ight add ilioll to the \\ (irk of the r,:n:IlUC staff. Non-cooperatioll inkn;;iJied tlll·ir r[i:Iicu:til's, E,en tbis wa~ !lut the worst On the loth Februan- over 200 l'atwaris Ollt (Ii :l t }tal (If 2.17 \\'('llt on strike, and others joined a little later on: For S()llW time it was not 'lllit<' ("('[taill whdher the Patwaris ~'(luld do Cen~lIs work, Notices \\",Tt' isslll'd to all the P:1L\\'aris ill the district warning' them til;tt thel' w()\\lcl be prosecuted under ~e('ti()n 1<1 uf tlw C'l\SUS Act if they refused to ClIT" 'Jut their duties as Supervisors, This adiuI1 h:uj the tksin'd <'ff('d in bringing tlw ['atwaris tf) their senses so far as C\'l1S11S work \\'as COnClTn('rl. but it call be imagined that tll,' qLlality of their work was not up to the usual stalldard. To lll:lb' matters worse, I "vas forced to send out all my superior officer~ to I1Wet ami dc:t1 \\'ith lhe l'atwaris in reg,lrd to (,[1rr(,111 rn'l'I111C business, at selected C:imp-i. Tlw n'~.;ult was 110t only a serious dislocation of routine work, but the careful and systemati,' check of the schedules b\' superior officers planned In' me almost completf'ly fell through. Previous overwork of the Pat\\'aris, heavy' current \\(lrk, departmental and political Jisaffectioll, and incomplete supnvision thus rcd~c('d the cl1iciency of the Patwaris wIll) were the 111')';[ important branch of the Census staff. Cnl1seqtlcntly, I think the CCIlSUS was not so accurate on tht' whole this time as it

was at last censlls. II

On the whole, however, I believe a \'ery high standard of accuracy was attained. In the country the variety of entries is not \'cry great, and 1 think that greater accuracy certainly prevailed there than in urban areas where political disaffection created greater difficulties, and entries, especially as regards birth­ place and occupation, were much more varied. 8 THE ACTUAL CENSUS-SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS. [Chaps. VIII & IX.

CHAPTER VIII.-THE ACTUAL CENSUS.

22. For the final enumeration a date is chosen on \vhich the moon rises shortly before sunset so that the Enumerators may go by D"le. its light from house to house, and the 18th March ,,'as therefore selected. This date was open to the objection that large bodies of labourers called Chaz'thoras move into the r\crbudda valley from neighbouring states and t he upland country for the wheat harvest, and special arrange­ ments have to be made for their enumeration at the places where they halted for the night. The de facto population of the wheat tracts was consequently considerably in excess of the residential. . Instructions, however, were issued, that a note should be made against the Chaz'thm'as in the schedules, but the figures suggest that these instructions were, to a certain extent, overlooked.

23. The accuracy of the final Census of course depends on the care with which the preliminary record is prepared, and I have Accura<:),. already commented on the special difficulties which prevailed. The inclusion of new-comers, and the exclusion of absentees on the Census night is not a matter of vcry great difficulty. The usual resting places of travellers, paraos, temples and samis are \Yell known, and the population of India 1s on the whole remarkably stay-at-home.

CHA~TER IX.-SPEC IAL ARRAl\'GEMENTS.

24. At the present Census the railway Census was for the first time com­ pletely in the hands of the district authorities, that is to Railwar· say, the raihvay authorities provided the staff ,yhich co-operated with the officials of the District or State in which each particular station was situated. The system was introduced partially at the preceding Census; and there is no doubt that it works much better than having the railways under railway officials. It is of course necessary that a special officer should be told off in each district to see that the railway Census is properly orgainsed, and this was e\'crywhere done. The division of railway station and areas into Census units must depend on their size, but I think it is better that, however small a station is, it should be made into a circle, not a block. In small stations the Supervisor and the Enumerator would then be the same person, but there is no objection to this, and the advantag(~ of haying the Charge Superintendent, who is usually a Rc\"t:nue Inspector, instead of a Patwari, to instruct the station officials is obviuus. It would bl; advantageous to get the railway officials to agree that as far as possible transfers among the local staff should not be made during the course of Census operations. At N ainpur the transfer of the Railway C harae Superintendent shortly before the final enu meration caused considerable dcla/in forwarding the provisional totals to Mandla .. On the whole the arrange­ ments for the r:tilway Cellsus \\-orked very smoothlY mdeed.

25. There werc few indus.trial establi~hm.ents ~vhich we_re sufficiently large . ~. to reqUIre the applicatIOn ot the speCIal rules contained in MInes and I' actO[l('$. C h X I f h C C d apter.L 0 t e cnsus 0 e. The arrangements everyw}lerc worked well, and then' was no difficulty in obtaining from the staff of the industrial concern satisfactory Census officials.

26. Th:.~ rules for the enumeration of Cantonments worked well. Special care, hO\revcr, should be taken to see that areas techni­ Cantonments. cally known as within Military limits are separated from other areas, as it is desirable to show as far as possible the military population separately. Ili Kamptee soml~ such areas were not even in separate blocks, and consequently it was not possible to separate the inhabitants into two distinct categories. The enumeration books of t he cantonments should be checked with particular care both in the district office and the tabulation office. Those for a British regiment and battery at Kamptec were found to be missing some months after the day of the Census, and subsequent il1Yestigation did not disclose at what Chap. X.] FORMS. 9 point in their journey from the station staff officer to the tabulation office they went astray. Fortunately the information necessary for the Census taken was preserved in the regimental records.

27· The instructions in the Census Code were quite sufficient for the Fairs and otber gJ!herings enumeration of the few fairs that were in progress on the of ~he public. Census night, and bazars usually break up in time to allow those \v}w attend them to return to their homes before dark. There were, however, numerous fan,ine camps to bc dealt with. In many cases those on famine works return to their homes at night; where they did not, a special house­ numbering for the ephemeral huts that spring up round these works was made a few days before the Census, and the officials in charge of the famine camp had no difficulty in carrying out the enumeration. In thc northern districts many Clzaitharas or wheat-harvesters ,vere moving from the uplands to the Nerbudda valley, and a few extra Enumerators had to be posted at the places '" here they usually halted {or the night. There was practically no plague at the time of the Census and only one to,vn (Harda) asked for a later re-Census on that account.

28. The difference between the provisional totals and the final totals was '02 per cent, the biggest discr.epancy in any district being The provisional totals. one of 22,000 or I'6 per cent in the Raipur district yrhere the' figures or almost all the circle summaries were incorrect. The Sarangarh State was the first to despatch its totals and so expeditious ,,,ere the arrange­ ments that the telegram '.vas sent at 3'55 a. m. on the 19th March less than 4 hours after the time fIxed for the schedules to be completed. Narsinghpur, at I I.50 on the I9th, was marc than a day ahead of any other district. The last total to arri\'e was that of Akola which was reccived at 6 p. m. on March 25th, and the provincial figures were ready for publication in the £iazette of March 26th,on;y eight days after the Census. The Makrai State failed to telegraph its totals to the Government of India, and this omission was only detected ,,,hen 1 lvircd to the Census Commissioner to enquire whether all totals had been received by him, and the receipt of the prm'incial totals by the Government of India was in consequence delayed by two days.

29. The returns of the industrial Census were in many cases very care­ lessly made and in future it would be advisable to issue The industrial Census. some instructions to ensure that they are propely checked. In many districts the schedules were merely collected from the factories and forn'arcled as they ·were. The most frequent mistake was the confusion of skilled and unskillctllabour and. a labourer was often returned as skilled because he was literate and vice versa. The Register of industrial establishments took a very long time to prepare, and as the number of forms required was based on the information contained in this Register the date fixed for the Census was delayed until the scason of the cotton gins and presses was approaching its end. An earlier date should be fixed in future. A good many references to district officials had to be made to enable deficient entries to be correct, and the schedules of the Ako]a district had to be returned to be sorted out as the A and B Schedules were sent scparateiy. Many districts were very late in sending their schedules, particularly Jubbulpore, where they were apparently mislaid in the District Office, Balaghat and Nagpur.

CHAPTER X.-FORMS.

30" ~; :llcmcnts I and I I show the number of forms supp:icd and used. The standard for the more important forms is laid down Supply of form,. in the Census Code, and the actual requirements were found to be somewhat less. The Titaghar Paper Mills which supplied the paper bad some difficulty in meeting the demand upon them and the supply of forms continued up to the end of December 1920 wit hout any inconvenience being felt. 10 DISTRICT CENSUS EXPENDITURE-GENERAL REMARKS. [Chaps. XI & XII.

Very few suggestions for improvement of the brms were received. The following are the most important :- General Schedules.-It is suggested that. column 5 should be sub-divided into two portions for males and females. This might facilitate the addition of the provisional totals but would prnbab1y give rise to soml2 errors. In the vernacular trans1ation of column 6 f9't~ was wrongly \vrittcn for PP·I_{. A fixed s'andard at sc hool might be r,:quired for literacy in the case of children at sc bool. Covers.-The entries in the ::mecim~'n. schedu!es mil!ht,-. be more varied. Tile b,)oks. of travellers' tid'e/s might h:' pL~rfontt'l.l to facilitate the removal of tht· tickets. Parzv,1nas of appointme:zt.-It wou](: he useful il the penal definitions of the Censlls Act were printed on the back. Geliertll.~In the headings of (he forms in Hjn.~i t he word" state" should he printed below" district" whcrL'vl'r that word occurs.

CHAPTER XI.-DISTRICT CENSUS EXPENDITURE.

:31. The district CensLls ~"pl:Il~;itur~' :l:nountccl to R5. 1,191-0-3 as against Rs. J ,39-+-0-10 a~ last Census. Some saving might b(: EXilenditurc. efft'ctl_~,l by llt ilizi;lg t~XisLin2: maps instead of preparing T1l:\V OIles, hut :lp:lrt from :his, the cxpenJi~urc W.1S kept very low indl;l~d. No ('xtra clerical staff was employed although I rcct~ivcd demands from one or two districts.

CHAPTER XII.-GENERAL REl\IARKS.

32. The vari('\ls notifications whlch Wl;[\' iSSlll'ci ul1,.lcr the Census Act wili bl~ found in Appendix A. 3 I C;'lses were prosecuted under c,'rEtJS Act and pro,ecu- the Act, and II convictio:1S \VeL.: obtained. The Act was; tions. extremelv lIsdul \vhen the Patw,'lries of thp Chhindwara :J.nd Chanda districts struck sllOrtly befon' the Census day as they were constrained to complete the Censlls work un:lcr threat of prosecu6on.

33. Although few prosecut.ions were mstituted un:kr the Act, the attitude of the public was il1 many places om; of apathy if not of The attitude of the public. open hostiky to th1' Census :lS:t res'-llt of the nOil-CO­ operation propaganda. It waS neCCSS.1ry :0 draw up :1 sd of ins:ructions as to the met hods to be employed in finin,C: up ( h,~ Census schdules in the event of wholesale refusal tt answer questions. In the cnl :1lth,)u~h it appeared at OTIe time that there would he '1 number ot rcca!Ci'.r:ln' \t)clrtics, the tactful efforts of the clistrirt authorities were ('n'ry succl~ssfll1. 11

STATEMENT I.-Census Divisions and Age1,1.cy,

Average number of Number of Number of houses per District Serial --.---~~------C-h~~-ge--'---:I-E-- Charge S IE .-.- Remarks. No. or State. Super- ,numera· S . ' uper- name",- Charges, Circles. Blocks. Superin- visors. [' tors. ,'t' uPde'-t visor. tor. tendents. . III eo ('n . i.

1 - ---1----1------1------_ 2 3 _ 4 5. 6 j 7 I 8 ___ 9 1. __~O_j _"I ____ ._I~ ------0

SYNCHRONOUS TRACT& \ CENTRAL PROVINCES BRITISH DISTR!CrS.

1 Saugor 39 2 ! 34 3,144 ! " Damoh 12 182 I 2,820 [2 5,068 33~ 27 , 3 Jubbulporc 34 489 I 4,355

4 ~bndla 235 1 2,5 8.1 2,922 I 2,359 5 I SeDni 239 I [2 "I 6 '~arsinghpllr 21 I i 2,172 2,[74 ,) :~ I' 7 Hosh"ngab~d 29 33 1 i 3,195 : 2q 30 j _" I 8 Nimar 23 335 2A53 3,),1· 23 1 ,F I I 21 6 Z I) : Bet"l 238 I 2,29 3,S~2 3)9 i 3

24~ ! 2,586 32 10 Chhindwara 17 S,SJ2 3 I I , II Wardh~ 27 J : 17 273 2,7[7 355 60 J2 Nagpur 47 4.157 ·j,784 35

I~ Chanda 21 216 ; 3,84 1 sn 3·281 34 14 mandara 13 345 !3 . 10,572 34 15 flalaghat 7,14[ 35

III Raipur fi68 8,244 43 8,14 1 ':i,~28 3t

6,160 26 I 17 Bilaspur 6,049 ·P4 34

23 406' 4, 865 22 I 412 4,597 338 35 rR Drug ------,---1--- 7,~70 ,_,--- 1 I 6 1 Total .. ------435 6,07 66,300 --1--1-----445 6.15 64,875 4,8J9 --348 ---33

r BERAR.! 1 1 19 Amraoti 22 397 ! 23 ' 40 5 6,686 I

20 Aknla 35 393, 4,999 38 395 4,979 4.oS6 1 393 .)1

,11 Buld~nn 29 3S4 i 5,43 6 29 i 384 I 4,366 5,13 2 .1 88 2-4 , 26 I \ • S ------329 I 4,3 ------.35 I 3331 4,349 'I ----4,252 447 34 Total ... 94 ~~_:~~ ~25 I__ I~ ~o8 ~54, 400 ~2 1 FEUDf\TORY STATES.

0 3,) ~bkrai 2 i 14 [3 I 2 I 14 illS 2~ Bastar 20 q3 I 3,256 20 143 1,667 40 [r.e1ude, llgure, 10::' 'cJn·Sy",-h: J",) ~s 6 25 Kanker 5 46 I 7J7 5 4 537 43 trJcts Is 2(1 Nandgaon 7 7 8~ 1,024 4,3i6 6 8B 27 Khairagarh 6 4,324 2')5 18 Ch hu ik hada n 6 29 l{aw.1rdha 61 3' 3D Sakti 1 233 I[ 7.j2 .15 1,023 4 31 Raigarh 79 :.1 9 50 12 Saranga:h 9 SS9 31 2 '13 Ch:lOghhakar J 6 13 1 6 634,511 75 2 ~2 t 2 8 14 I Korea 5 3 .1 7 5 3~ 279 2,711 'P4 1 .\ I 28 .15 Surguja I[ 123 1,4 10 I 128 1,226 (.r) 6,886 -+22 44 1 3:) Udaipur S 30 3 7 5 I 30 321 2,4 18 403 38 Inc!ud"e~ jj~ul"

~7 j:lshpur 4 _~ _ _2~ __4_1 __ ~ 353 (.1) 6,605 I SSo 6711)Ot1l trach.

Total ... 87~ ~~~~~I_:~ 8,992 --;;; --428 --;- 62 GHANI) TOTAL 616~ 8,382 97, 7 656 8,490 92,775 -~ --365 33

(,1) Aver,1ge calculated. on the house, for Synchror.ous and Non.Synchronous tracts as there were n() separ;;te Charge Sup~tilltendent lor the latter, 12

STATEMENT I.-Census Div£sions mzd Agency,

Number of Number of Average number of houses ptr

Serial District or State. Remarks. No. Cha'ile Super- Enumera- Charge Supervi. Enumera Charges. Circles. Blocks. Superi n­ isions. rators. Superin- tendents. V tendent. so,. tor. -----.. ------_ _._.--,_,_,._ ------4 6 8 9 10 II

NON·SYNCHRONOUS TRACTS.

I CENTRAL PROVINCES BRITISH DISTRICTS. 1 i I n. .,. 2 1 IJubbulpore ...... 2 '" .. . 23 2 ChhindlVara ... 2 40 621 2 40 595 7,5 29 376 2S 3 Nagpur ... 2 6 S2 2 6 49 786 262 32 4 Chanda ... 8 57 1,~58 8 64 896 2,377 297 21 2 5 Balaghat '" 2 7 49 7 49 867 248 3S 6 Raipur .. 5 14 83 5 14 96 467 167 24 7 Bila!pur ... 6 S3 582 6 53 569 2,27° 2S7 24 . ~------_. ----- Total ... ~S 177 2,747 25 184 2,256 2,135 290 -_24 ----_'------1-- , BERAR.

8 Amraot; .. 6 Total .. 6 --··::'__3ili-~-I-~I-~I-'~I-~I-~_~ ::__~_I,25~ _~_~ , 1----__ ::1_345 __ I FEUDATORY STATES.

Bastar 9 ... ." ...... '" ... n· " . Sr!arate figures 10 I on-Synchronou s tracts re DQt a vail 10 Raigarh ... l~ 23 339 2 23 267 5,093 443 38 able. 11 Surg"ja ." (,') 46 457 '" 46 322 ... 322 46 12 Udaipur ...... , ...... Do. do. Jashpur ... (6) 6 22 ... 6 22... 443 121 13 (b) There lVas no ------separate charge fo Total .. , It 75 818 2 75 611 5,093 369 --45 I -----._-- _._--- the Non.Synchro Grand Total ". 32~ 274 3,910 33 280 --3,055 -2'-;;-13~ --29 no us area in th e Surguja and Jash pu States. I I ! I i STATEMENT II.-Number of forms supplied and used.

(a)- Supplied.

(b)--Uscd.

-~ .. - . ------_- ----.. ------General Schedules. r- Enumeration D1ocklist3 Other forms issued (c). Language. hoo~ covers. induning hocse lists. Actual Number. P"r 100 houses. Remarks

~ -- ~---~- -~'~-'- --- - . I Travel- I I I House- lers' Boat tickets (a) (b) [II) (!) (:z) ! (b) (a) (6) hold schedule. tickets. in books of 25 each. -_._----1-- --_ I -~~-,-~ -:-- --:--I--;-j--;--9- --.~-:- --- II i 3 I :) a 13 \ - _"------I i A. EIlglisb 4,202 3Ana i J ,467 23,630 16,034 '" I ... 8,092 ... 2/99 I '" 1 , ! , B. Hindi 13 0,326 1,262,33 0 1,17 1,820 S3 ... " 85M2 77,8'0 'S8,7~0 I --I '" ~ 4·272 J I I I c. lI!arnthi ... 4~,(CO 42,[75 I 8J,250 ! 71,078 722,64 1 (67, 169 63 58 ...... ) n. Tclugu .. 400 :188 840 I 3.430 3,350 3 3 ... . -----595 ------'" r192! 137,174 122,972 246,240 209,466 2,011,93 1 1,858,373 --63 58 8,092 ----4,272 ~ota! ... ; I 66 6.1 2 ll91l :38,880 122,905 "87,060 247,678 2,I3S,S55 1,971,666 7,5 ! ... 12,699

(el Represents the actual nllmber used by the District or State Census Officers. 13

STATEMENT II-A.-SllOwing tlie number of English /orms s!~pplied and 2m-d.

(a)-Supplied. (b)-Used.

General Schedule,_ Enumeration book Other ------~- - --_---- Remar ks. District or Slate. covers. Block lists. form, i,sLleti. _~ctt\a\ number. Per 100 house,. ------_-- I }[~ ra) (b) (a) (b) (II) (b) (,old ,chednie;;. _('~_I~------\ ------.------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t> 9 [0 II I I

CENTRAL PROVINCES BRITISH DISTRICTS AND BERAR.

I. Saugor ...... ISO J24 SG 36 1 ~5 I ... I .. . 53 0 JeG I I 10 21 i 2. Damoh ." " 15 JS IO 75 ... , '" 40 1 0 3- JubLulpore ... '" ),07 73') 1,040 45 2 9,900 M37 6 5 I 2,865 ... 60 lo 110 620 20 , 4· Mandla ... 87 3 .. '" 136 5· Sean; .. , ." cS 2:1 .I 5 45 12 ... i ... 23 .. 6- 10 6. r\arsinghpur ... 3S ". S ... J .. I ... 38 7. Hosbangabad ... 6:>0 4S0 2S 17 2'0 ~50 ." .. 80u 8. Nimar [JQ I 10 7 17 9. Betnl 60 49 10 10 75 12 10. Chhindwara 109 [0 10 200 130

11. Wardha 60 100 I 12. Nagpur I ... 1,100 1,800 550 g,ooo 5 I 1,:95 1 I 13. Chanda IOj 10 45

10 14. Bhandara I 10 10 JO 00 60 310 15. Balagha t 50 5 5 30 30 60 16. Raipur 47 75 75 ~oo 6 199 11. Bilaspur 140 61 30 1,260 400 18. Drug 20 5 20 20 , c6

1[0 19. AITIlaoti 100 60 60 40 40 310

20. Ako!a 65 "5 100 85 JCO lU. Buldana 75 68 40 30 i5 45 22. Yeotmal 10 6 10 6 4S 23 2 T)tal _119 ! ." ( 1911

i FEUDATORY STATES. i 23. Mak ni

24· Ba,tar 100 II 25. Knoker

26. Nandgaon 14 27· Khairagarh 6 200 17S 20 Chhuikhadan 28. 3

29. Kawardha 10 30. S"kti

31• Raigarh 10 l(i 20 I' 115 75 \ :J2. Sarangarh I I I 33· Changbbakar I :)4. Korea :15· Surgllja 36• Udaipur I jashpur :31· "I-___:~ _:-"---'-:_ __'_" _ ----" _.---,,_. _!-':~.- _:...-- __ 2 ( [921 "IIZ7 17 3)1 1213151 25°: ..... IS' Total ,., l. '9 11 , I__ I':_ __J~ ___.. _1 __... _1__ ._ .. ___._ .. _"...... :: ___-.. __~~~ 4, JC2 2,690 3AO) 1,4(j; 23,63 0 IG,03-1 ... "I i i'" ... S,0~2 GR!,:m TOTAL ~ 19~1 1911 ... , 2,670 I,()IO 2,400! I,I6j I 13,115 9,17:1 I 7,521 ST ATE MENT ll-B.-Showing the number of Hindi/orms supplied and used.

(a)-Supplie:l. (b)-Used.

General Schedules. Enumeratiun bo(,k Other forml Block lists. ~ ~~ ---~~------District or State, covers. issued. Remarks. Actml numJer. Per 100 I houses. Travellers' (II) (b) (a) (b i (II) (b) (a) (b) tickets in books of - ______I ----1--:--_____25 each. _ 2 3 S 6 I 7 I 8 I 9 10 J I

CENTRAL PROViNCES BRITISH DISTRICTS AND BERAR.

1. Sau<1orb 8,75 0 14S

2. Damoh 5,450 4 ~ -425 80 3. Jubbulpore 6,oSS II,56J 99,300 97,199 2S;

4, Mandla 8,95 0 48,180 55 I 5. Seoni 2,890 5,7 20 i 47.<55 I 47,282 70 6. Narsinghpur 2,544 5,2JO , 41,435 39,559 100

1 7. Hoshang.bad 3,635 3,57 1 7,275 3,4 23 58,1)50 57,S74 100 8, Nimar 2,960 6,000 3,814 4R,gso 250

g, Betul 2,799 5,650 5,:89 37,8.:5 52 34 10. Chhindwara 2,)00 7,SOO 3,830 57,.'97 56 100 II. Wardha 100

12. Nagpur 1,245 17,000 16,650 10 10 IJ. Chanda 114· 'This in- cludes 50 14. Bhandara 8eo 800 500 I 100 books of 15. Balaghat 3,975 3,778 6,S5c 55,j7 0 I S4 ICO Telugu forms rccei veel from 16. Raipur 10,.)98 21,325 164,200 164,200 59 59 100 Madras. 17, Bilaspur B,]C4 145,640 120,994 66 55 119

18. Drug 5,86~ 96,230 96,184 60 60 ICO 19, Amraoti

20. Akola

21. Buldana '22. Yeotmal .:: ::' ::: :.. I ::: ...' ::: .:: ::, :~~ ... --7092-; --63769 --132.'Q551'-~14'125 -1,~29,9-;- --95~' ~ --:; --~,642 .. 68,3[0 63,755 145,800 136'731 1,054,190 1.01 6,428 50 48 10,230 ------_------'---- FEUDATORY STATES

23. Makra; 0 2,200 2,100 50 25 I 74 70 !34. Basta, ~,700 64 63 :Jj S. Kaoker 1,800 6J 59 20

26. Nandgaon 1,255 2,500 2°,9 DO 63 S'

27. Khairagarh 0 I,II2 18900 i 13,;00 1,175 2,4 0 I 73 I S4 134 28. Chhuikhadan 450 , 27 0 I 3,500 \ .),200 61 56 20 29. Ka wardha (80 1,600 1,600 8,700 ' 59 54 30. Sakt; 223 350 4,200 51 50 31, Raigarh !,6IO 3,24 2 26,425 I 26,34 1 so 32. Sarangarh 8~S 10,300 i 10.026 57 60 ) 33. Changhhakar 195 195 2200 58 49 10

I 34. Korea 1,')('0 682 :'~:: I; 6,668 : 64 I 49 10 35. Surguja 39,935 S5 SJ 35. Uclaip\lr 8"5 556 6,300 I 49 37. Jashpur 710 645 1,450 1,200 :6,300 1~,49~ 62 59 ... "---', ~------~- ~'------I------·------Total f 1921 I,O:O I 14,041 25,795 22,20[ 23 2,27 0 212,761, 02 56 (;:\0 ~ I,ll .. 14'~ljo Q,o.17 36,150 2g,IQ7 24 0,850 209,569: 62/ S4 2,469 21 GRANIlTOTAL~ [9 - Sj;;:I--;~ -~.18,;; ._- IJ6,J2h -1,262,2;)0 -1';;~,571'53 --:;~ ( 19 11 . 83,170 77,192 181,950 165,9 28 1,295,040 1,225,997 i 52 i 49 12,699 15 STATEMENT II -C & D.-Showing the number qi forms in other languages supplied an.d used.

(a)-Suoplied. (b)-U,;ed.

I------;-----~---·------~------.- .-

General Schedules. District. Enumeration book Block lists. Remarks. 1------::-- .--~-.- . -.- .-. covers. Actual number. Per 100 houses.

---C.--~A-R-A-T-H~~--I------I

Chhindwara 1,5 00 ......

Wardha ... 3,,30 3,53° O,800 O,497 56,64() 44,550 58 46

Nagpur ... 6,000 5,060 10,300 5,200 92,7:0 73,170 55 43

Chanda ... 6,340 5,283 12,280 [2,01 7 80,87 1 77,667 63 6-

Bha~dara 4,OOJ 4,000 .. 9,000 6,560 80 940 ko,g27 59 59

Amraoti ... 7, 81 5 6,9 16 0 13,74 [2,3[0 116,860 115, 265 72 71

Akola ... 6.675 5,739 9,990 9,8;2 1G7,oeD 102,77 1 69 66

'Buldana '" 5,300 5,170 10,5)0 9,398 l)J,925 S8,300 6'J 60

Yeotmal .. 0 4,8]2 5044 10,5i(l 9,224 9;,655 84, 01 9 63 56

------_.------1---

I JI9H .. 46,600 42,075 63 j Total ... ~ 1 I ~1911 •. 42,232 I02,IH) 6ul S3

------'------

D.-TELUGU.

Chanda .195 3

------.. ------

JI92 l ., 400 388 Sin I .S9~) S>43 0 3)35 0 .1 3 I, Total .. ··1 I I Ll911 ... 300 300 600 \ 3,SoO 31500 ::; 3 600 I I STATEMENT IlI.-District Census Charges.

Distrkt i Remunera- ! Travelling tion of . allowance Loc"l Miscrllone­ office House- purchase of Postage. Fleight, Tdal. District, Census of CensuS ous, establish- stationery, ment, numbering. I omcers, officers. I I 1 ______. ______1___ . ___ _

--J--1-2-1 ~ 4 5 Ii 7 I s I 9 '0

--.-.-- - :. :-p I R. , pol R. " P IR, , p. R, , P H, , p. R•. , p. p," p. R. • p.

Saugor Damoh

jubhulpore 3J 0 9 54 II 15 170 II :; Mandla

Seoni :1 6 9 0 15 0 0 51 9 0 Narsinghpur HGshangahad

Nimar 51 8 0 II 0 0 6J 8 0

Betul 33 I 3 3 13 0 36 14 :3

Chhindwara q 6 0 2 0 31 4 0 0 4 0 4S 0 :3 Wardha Nagpur 1 5 a 6 S 0 7 13 0

Chanda 45 0 0 79 14 6 2 0 0 126 14 6 Bhandara ..... 12 4 0 I a 0 13 4 0- Balaghat 160 3Z I 0 3 12 0 37 3 0

Raipur 21 10 6 65 15 0 20 2 0 107 II 6

Bilaspur 98 IS 0 ~8 IS 0

Drug 29 2 0 0 8 0 29 10 0

Amraoti 50 6 0 f2 S 6 a 0 1I4 II 6 Akala , I Buldana ...... i ", 2 0 0 I ." I ... 1 47 14 0 2, 8 a 52 6 0 YeotmaJ '" I 4 61 '" ..., 195 :t 0 ... I ::9 5 6 ... 235 13 0 Total --~~- -,-76i--'-"- -3-~ \360-;61--0--;~1-;;;999 -116~06 ~9-;-O-;-

STATEMElI'T IV.-Showi,zt the number of ProsfJClIlions instituted and Fines imposed in /)z'strzcts or States.

District or State. I Number of prosecutiuns. Number convicted. Amount of fine imposed. Rern3rh. ------1------)------I I 2 I 3 4 5

,-~-. --_. --~------_- ---_------_-_ -~.---~------_

Seoni 2 j Chhindw~n C~Ses \Vithdr~wn. Balaghat 4 I"" e 0 Raipur S 4 13 0 0

Ammoti J 35 () 0 2 C;'t<';C~ \rithdrawr.~

Akola 50 a (J

BuMann ... ! ICC 0 0 J{hai ra gar h -.. I I ~ I IO 0 0 Tela\ ... 1----:;1--:'------;.------22:l-" -;--[ ,----'------'----1 ! I I .,------~------~------~------I7

STATEMENT V.-Showing the dat~ and time of despatch and recdpt ot the Pt'ovis£o'l1al totals and their accuracy.

Date one). time of despatch and receipt 1 Differenc~ 01 tdegmm. Order 01 between IJistrict, City or State. ______Provisional Remarks, despatch. and Fin~1 I'afe. I Despatch. I Receipt. totals. ------/--1------. J 4 I 6 7 I i ~~ -~----~~-~------~ -·------·----I---··--~- .. --T---.. -----I------CENTRAL PROVINCES ANl) BERAR M,,, ..:h 'Q.JI.I H M.I H, tL I I DISTRICTS. i I \ i , 1. Saugnr 313

~. Damol-. 9-1,3 Oil 22nd 3. JubbulpOr(' 16-35 16- 57 + 4. Jubbuipore Ci:i

5. Mandl .. 16-10 33 tl. Seoni 2G!h II-15 11-'50 II 3l

i2-55 G '.:37 22-]C +

9- Nimar 16 +

HI. Betul IS-58

11. Chhindwarn 21st

Ill. Wardha ,.. I il3' Nagpur 16-55 "4. Nagpur City .."'I~

9-S0 31

~6. Bbandara

.1. B;tlaghat 22nd 16-20 + t 13. Raipm 25 h + 21,867

19- Bilaspur. 13 - 1,361

!lO. Drug 21

21. Amrao\i 19-50

~. Akola 39 !.l3- Iluldana selh 19 456

':l4- ¥cotma( 12-50 STATES,

:IS. l\hkrci 17- 0 8 14

26. 113:;11r 19- 3 + 210

2']. K;\nker 16-:)0 19-20 22 244

.28. Nandgaon 9-30 4

2!). Khairagarh IS-IO 15-30 7

!)CL Chuikhr.dar; 16-50 9 19 31. Kawardha 19th

37. S~kti 10- 0 10-45

~. Raigarh lelh + 15

~ Sarangarh 3-55 5-30 22

35. Cbangbhakar 16-2C 16-57 37 + s

36, Korea 20th 9- 0 10-11 10 10

~. Sllrguja 21St 15- 0 20 541 :lit Udaipur 20th t8

3'J. Jashpur 20th III + PART n.-SLIP-COPYING.

34. As at the preceding Census, I had two abstraction offices of which one was situated at Jubbulpore for Hindi work and the other Organi51tion of offices. at Nagpur for Marathi. As the Hindi population is nearly double the Marathi, it would be much better to have three offices-two for Hindi and one for Marathi. This would save tim(~ and consequently money and would enable the Superintendent if troubled with strikes, as I was, to threaten to close down one office. My office at Jubbulpore was at first situated in the coaly recruitinu- lines whic h were about to h(~ dismantled; there was plenty of space here, but owing to its distance from the city the staff was very discontented and went on strikt: at the end of April '92 I. I s~~ttled the strike very quickly by paying two annas a day extra until the office could be moved to a more con­ venie~t site, and I was able to secure a Y. M. C. A. huilding near the district court which was occupied on May 4th, J92r, .1.t a rental of Rs. ISO per mensem. This, howevl!r, was not sufficiently large, ;md a hungalow in the vicinity belonging ttl Dc-wan Bahadur Jiwandas was occupied on a rental of Rs. 200 a month from t he 1st June to 30th N ovembcr J 921 and a building called the Church house from th\~ 15th May to the 31st May 1921 and again from the 16th August to the 30th November 1921. The office was finally closed on the 7th April 1922. The removal of the office was attended with misfortune as plague broke out with unprecedented virulence towards the en:] of the rains of 192!, and the staff fell tl) fifty per cent of the normal. I attempted to move the office to Narsinghpur but though a building was available in the Settlement office, it was impossible to house the staff owing to the natural disinclin1.tion of owners of hOlls;_; propc:rty to let their buildings to persons from it pla,C;llc-infectd area, aTd I h,d to carryon at Jubbulpore with the depleted staff though I was able to relieve the pressure by transferring 50 boxes of slips relating to I I units to the Nagpur office. At Nagpur I secured most suitable and central accommodation in the old Bengal­ N:lgpur Railway Audit Office, opposite the railw.port.

35. The necessary furniture for th(~ offices was supplied from the Public Works Department famine reserve supplemented by local Supply of office furniture. borrowings, awl a few local purchases, which were s.)U on the completion of operations. Racks were already available in the Na~pur office, hut were constructed by the Public Works Department for the Jubhulpore office. The Jail at Nagpur were unable to underL1kc ~he supply of pige:m -holes :m:ll h,1d them made locally on contract at Rs 4-8-0 per double set :md thi: cost of the wood. At Jubbulpore they wert: m:tdc mon: cheaply by the Public Works Department at a cost of Rs. 2 [?~:r set inclusive of wood. Gunny hags were purchased locally and made effiCIent mats. Boxes were collected Inc:lIly before­ hand, and the supply was supplemented by purchase in the local m:lrkct, and by the use of those in which the enumcLl.tion books were sent.

36. The Deputy Superintendents Wl;re appointed at the beginning of March 1921, and thus had time for the study of the Appointment of staff and Census Code, and the preparation of their offices for the receipt of books. . work before them. Work actually started on the 1St Apnl 1921 at the end of the Easter holidays. Owing to the close of the Dhandara and Betul Settlements a considerable number of temporary Government emplo~er~ were thrown out of work, and by arrangement with the Settlement CommISSIOner I empl'oyed a number of these men for the supervising posts. SLIP-COPVING.

The Head Assistants and Record-keepers are required shortly after the appoint­ ment of Deputy Superintendent and the rest of the office staff shortly ;d~.e~ore the work of slip-copying begins. Supervisors and Assist::mt Supervisors," .carr join on the day before. The Nagpur office suffered GIving to the hih,:i',' d{ nie man selected as Head Assistant to join and a suitable sllhstituk W:lS n,)t f.)llnd for three months, thereby throwing extra work and responsibility nn the D,'pufy Superintendent. The Enumeration books were received in g()l~d tin~,~ in the' offices with the exception of those from the BastJ.r, Udaipur :mc1 Jashpur Shtes and tHe Sallsar tahsil of the Chhindwara district .

.'37. In a number of other Provinces at the present Census slips were copied locally by the Patwari staff, This arrangement, The system of slip.copying, h'l d w 1 e un ouhtedly more prodi,gal of slips, 'lS :J. largc[' margin has to be left for contingencies when the work is donl; at a number of centres, would probably be more expeditious, and should be fol1O\rec. :It future Censuses. The only slips to be copied at the central offices will bt: those oi very backward areas, or of certain large towns when !oct! arrangemL:nts might be difficult to make. It was impossible to follow this arrangement at thl: prescnt Census as after sanction to it had been obtained from the Revenue Autht1riti~s, the sanction was revoked owing to the prev;:dence of bmine, and the consequent pressure of work on the revenue staff in the districts. If the system of local copying is followed, the slips will have to be carefully checked with the Enumera­ tion books after receipt, and I think it would still be 1dvisahle to have three instead of two abstraction offices.

38. The system of the supply of slips is given in the Impenal Census Code. Slips were printed on 5 different colours of p:Iper, The supply of slips. supplied by the Upper Indi;! COUpt'r Paper Mills Company, Lucknow, at the Nagpur Central Jail, each colour representing one of the 5 main religions. It would be advisable to allow a larger margin than the code '11low5, for slips which are not used much, e. g., Christians and others:ls it is e:1gy for the estimatc'd number required to be wrong, and a further supply to .1n office situated from Nagpur may take' some little time. At hoth offic('s l:xpt:dicnts had to be employed to alter a fe\v slips from one kind to another. On,' copyist in Nagpur was detected in altering entries of married persons to unmarritd pl~r­ sons by adding the word "nahill" in t he Enumeration hooks in the N agplll' office as the supply of married slips had given out and was sum'marily dismissed_ The wJstage in slips amounted to 7 per cent at Nag-pur and 6} at Jubbulpore.

39. Copyists were originally divided into gangs of 10 under :1 SupL'rvlsor Organisation of gangs of and an Assistant Supervisor, :ll1d this standard was maln­ copyist,. tained throughout at Nagpur. With this it is difficult but not impossible for the Supt:r\Tising staff to keep the work Hp-to-d.'lil', :tnd they got behindhand at JubbuJI)i)fl' - Th~' gangs wert' t lW:1 incrc'1sd t: I: mJ ;1!1 extra Assistant Supervisor ;ldelc·d. The cost of S;.1l1l·rvlsii'1l is much the s-mw -lS the Assistant gets less pay th.1n the Supl:rvisllf ,nd l·jthcr sysh'm may equally well be followed, an:i it is probably better to employ hoth, thl' htkr ht'ing utilised for most speedy gangs. The most efficient copyists were sekcted to fill vacancies in the supervising staff and wert' retained whell staff was r(:cluct;d on completion of the copying work. In order that thl'n' m:ly he no dela.y' ~Tl heginning the work of sorting, C.1re should be t.1ken to see that the work Of stamping the number of the abstracti?n unit on the back of the slips, which 15 part of the duty of the Record Room staff, does not get into arrears,

40. At the Nagpur office in addition to the Marathi houks theft' were a few English, Urdu J.nd Tclugu hooks, but no scpar:lte Language. staff had to be employed. Engiish books were paid for at the rate of annas 3 pies 6 per roo slips ;lJ1cl T clugu allnas 4- pies 6 per 100. At Jubbulpore _1110st of the books from the Surguja State were written in K.1ithi and considerable difficulty was experienced in their interpretation. Orip books Wl~re no longer found at the present Census. .20 SLIP-COPYING .

41, The use of the abbreviations Sa1· Ka for Sarkari Karna were introduced at the present Census, but no further useful abbreviations Abbreviations \\'ere discovered. It is :t.dvisable carefully to check the tendency of the copyists to use unauthorised abbreviations, as they often are not legibly written, and their use ollly results in de;2.Y \\'hcn sorting is done as refer­ tenec has to be made to the Enumeration books.

42. After they gd USt:J ttl Ull Iyork the more expert copyists turned out ,t )IctLob ,,[ copy',t.; :lnd vcry large number Gf sli~s ct dar, and t he record for theo'ltturn of work. :my man m :my day lvas 1,632, but the average numbu talzing good :::.nd bad workers intu consideraiiGll was nearly 500 slips per working day. During the firs: week d\'lTagc paymcnts of !) :u1t1as per day werc given, hut ;lfll'r this the raLl' \\'as fixed at 2 allnas 6 pieS per JO() with somewhat higher rates f"r books wriacll in otber languages, It is necessary to cbeck thl' ,york vcry c~rdul1y WbCl~ lhe ,)t:ttUrtl bcc;tm" n·ry hrEt. Fines 0{ one pice \rlTe ;r1:p, l~;ld for cae h misLdz,:.

~3 The ch,;cking d llw sbps \\,:15 dOll'_: by me) methods. ThL ordlmry supcn'lsing staff of each f,;:m5' checked the slips as 5l)()11 (~hecking. :i.S possible after they \\'ere written up, the Supen';sors tJf },:;sis~ar:: Superv:s()[ hi llding tht: Enumeration bnoks and the copyist reading .)ut :11<: slips \\'hich he had \\Tittcn. An lnspectur '.I'as in chart}: of ;J.bout 6 to ~ gacgs ,~m] 'LlS re:;punsibk fllr the work of his roun; '~~hilL'. the Deputy Supcrin-< tend!!)t was supp(\sed to b\: frequently on the nt'\VI: m hlS office anrl tu make sll:-pris(: checks c()ntinuously, In additj()Jl to this :l special checking gang was lnstit::lt:d a:Ler che slips Wdc passed as correct ftir th,: Inspectors' rooms. In Jubbu:por,; this g~li1g was u)mbiqcd with the gang 1\ hich was employed in taking out thc ;;ntries of iniirmiiil's, and this method ',\'as some\,·hat more economical than havills tht_; work done separately, The special checking gang soon got to know where mis~akcs were most likely, and checked a much higher percentage . of the ':l1tries of the bad workers. The special checking gang is essential to the accuracy ()f the work and should be appointed as early as possible after the work has Slarted. ...\ register should be maintained, so that the Deputy Superintendent can SeC at a gbnce the gangs from which mist2.kes are most frequent and take the dcfaulling parties to taSk,

44, The slip-copyists very quickly learnt te, sdect the correct slips for Prire'p,,1 ,,,j,,takes fonnd in religion and civil conditions aiter the first few days, and checking. mistakes ill this wert; negligIble. On the whole, entries In tht; Enumeration b()oks \,'Crt: well written, and the: proportion of incomplete (lr douhtful ('ntrics u\ the total was very small indeed, The occupation columns (l), h) :mrl I I) were th(\s\.~ in \\'hich mistakes w'ere most frequently made by the En1Jm,:raL Irs. ami it was necessary to insist that the :copyists in transferring these enirics to the slips should a\'oid all but the simplest abbreviations, and they 'Should 1'.\:\"I:r b'..: arowul to try and compress the matter recorded in the books Into fun r \\'Orc:s. IntelHion~d omissions due to the refusal of the general public to gi,:, in~l)rnHt:on wcr!~ confilwc\ to a few Koshtis in the Nagpur city, and these cntril~:; Il'fn: dea:r with in accordance with the instructions in circular letter ~,) _).;.~ d ,he lOth January 1921, which was based on orders issued by the Census C1)lllmissioner. In one Yilbge in the Bhandara district a number of indivirlllc'l;; gav!:.: thei, (lccupatioll a~ non-cooperators. The general principle laid down was th;).t the copyists should write the entries as they found them, and ;[ny th3t wen.: obviously incorrect were, as· hr as possible, put right at the time of sorting.

4';. The staff unployed on copying consists of men of a not very high

hccuracy. standard of education and intelligence, who are paid by the outturn of their work. It is, therefore, necessary that l1lt, supervision of the work should be very strict. It was found in practice tbat Goyernment servants were much better at supervising than others. Con­ sidering the material employed I think that a very high standard of accuracy SLIP-COPVING ~ t was attained, and if a few mistakes did escape detection the number was so small as to have no appreciable effect on the correctness of the figurcw as finally bbulated.

Statement showing tlte progress 0/ slzp-copyz·l1g.

Date of

------Number of -_ Popul;,tion dealt copyists Avmge Remarks. with. (a verage I I Commence- i CIt' ' dniiy per day). merd. ~ omp Q Ion.! olltturn i per bead.

___- ______--_____ ------___;;.;,o.._ .. "

2 3 ------._--_._------,, _ __!_------::-----,------;------:,--

21 JUhbulpore to, [261025 238 4-4-)<1 16-7- 408

N ag'pur $,853,6:1$ 156 1-4- 21 5-7'21 :>91 I I PART III.-SORTINC AND COMPlLATlOft· 46. It is unnecessary to comment at length on the instructions for sorting and compilation as they are contained in the Imperial Genera I arrangements. C ...... d d h . . I' I d . . ensus Lo e, an t ere was ll1 practIce very Itt e eVla- tion from the standard rules. The sorters were divided into gangs of twelve under a Supervisor, and up to eight gangs were in charge of an Inspector. Initially there were five Inspectors in charge of the sorting in the Jubbulpore office and four in Nagpur. The outbreak of plague in Jubbu'pore, however, much reduced the numbers in the gangs, and So boxes were transferred to the Nagpur office in .order to avoid delay.

47. Before the work starts it is necessary to provide pigeon toles, boxes, of w hic h two are required for eac h sqrter, sorters tickets and Preparation for the work. compilation registers. The pigeon holes were prepared on contract in Nagpur and by the Public Works Department in Jubbulpore. Thi~ latter agency was the cheapest. The Nagpur jail was asked to undertake the work but was unable to do so. In Nagpur a number of empty cases were purchased very cheaply from the Central Provinces Club and converted into suitable boxes on contract at Re. 0-14-0 per box. The arrangements for obtaining the boxes should be taken in hand well before the work begins. Owing to the absence of any information on the subject I found considerable difficulty in estimating the number of sorters tickets and forms of compilation registers required, ani as the supply in some cases ran out manuscript copies had to be prepared. The following table should, therefore, prove useful at the next census:-

Sorters Tickets. Compilation Registers.

Number of Table. Printed or Requ;rt'd. Printed or RequireC:. prepared prepared in manuscript. in manuicript.

Table III, Tabulation Register ...... 1,700 1,65() III, Compilation Register ...... 500 " ... 43° " VII ...... 4,,00 3,850 1,100 1,080 " VIII ...... 4,600 3,850 1,200 1,100 VIII·A .. 4,oro " ...... IX ...... 4,450 4,000 1,550 1,450 " .' X " ... '" 3,800 3,200 1,050 1,000 XI .. , ... 9,000 6,700 1,850 1,220 " XII ... 200 0 280 " ." 17 5°0 XII-A 00 " .,. ... 4 250 500 210 XIII ...... 5.000 4,3co 2,400 2,270 " XIV " ...... r2,350 7,200 2,200 1,830 XV ...... SOD 00 0 0 " 4 5 0 43

XVI·A 'N " '.' 300 210 500 400 XVI-B ... 300 250 400 " ... 5°0 XVlI ... 10,000 " ... 9,000 6,7°0 6,100 XVIl,-Classification Sheets ... 00 " ...... 5 450 XVIII ...... 7,000 4,800 2,50 0 1,400 " ,. XIX ...... 7,000 4,450 S,ooo 4,500 XXI·A ... 0 " ... 7,55 6,650 4,600 2,5°0 XXI·B ... 6,600 6,600 I,SOO 1,800 " ... XXII ... , 4,000 3,500 " ...... SORTING A~D CO;\lPILATION. 23

... _------_------_--

Sorters tickets iii Marath~ were obta;t1eJ fruln the Superilltendent of Census Operations, Bombay, Poona, and those in Hindi were printed by the Nagpur Jail Press; compilation registers in English were supplied by the Local Presses at Nagpur and Jubbulpore.

48. The boxes of slips 'were made up by tbe record-room staff, and each sorter had two for males and females, respectively. The Making up of boxes. first operation was to check the number ot slips in ea€h box with Register A and for this the sorters were paid Re. 0-2-6 per 1,000 slips in Nagpur and Re. 0-2-3 in Jubbulpore and when this was done the sorters, \vho were provided with a cheap lock for their boxes, were responsible that the number of slips was complete.

49. I t is not necessary that. the slip copying should be complete before sorting commences and a training class for sorting should S tan dan I rates. b d II' . h . d h Id e starte we 10 advance ot t e operatons, an s ou be attended by the supervising staff. The standard rates for sorting should be fixed on their -work, and not on the actual outturn of the gangs, as the earlier gangs will, otherwise, work slowly in order to increase the rates to be sanctioned. The rates were fixed in order to give an average worker Re. 0-15-0 per day. Originally a somewhat lower rate was fixed in Jubbulpore, but mrillg to the heavy rise in prices which occurred in the rains of 1921, and was particularly severe in Jubbulpore, r increased the rate to that prevalent in Nagpur.

The table below gives the standard outturn ;{s fixed by me :-

--- --_-- For Jubbulpore office only. TabJe. Kumber of s',ips to be sorted per day. C hristian~. Others.

VII 4,000 2,400 2,400

I 8,000 Males " ) VII! 2.400 2,400 '''1 13,500 Females ... , i

IX 7,5cO 2,,!OCl 2,400

( 7,000 Town .. , ( X ... f. 2400 2,400 9,500 Country '" )

( 6.000 Town I XI ". 1,275 1,952 ." t 7,500 C ou ntry .., i

XII and X II-A ... One sorter at Re. 0-1.5-0 per Sorting done by the special gang engaged for diem. cbecking work. XIII 3,8co 3,400

( :1,000 Town XIV ... } 1,400 3,00:1 ... ( 3,500 Country

Two sorters on daily wages of } 2,3r)O XV and XVI Re. I each for Nl\gpur Otlice ~r.d 1Sorting done b)' special ... ~ only. 3)100 gang.

2,000 Town ( XVlI \ I ... 2,300 1,300 ... t 2,60J Country ... )

XV!Il 6,400 Town ... ' ! 3,800 4,600 ... { 6,8co Country ... ) ( XIX f 9,200 Town ... :2,000 6,800 " t 11,200 Count'y .. j

( 2,100 Town ... J. XXI-(a) I,7()O 3,200 ... (. 3,000 Country ... )

XXJ.(h) 18,oeo 12,000 J3,jOO

Actuary statement 3000 for Nagpur office only•.

The rates for tables VII and VIII were fixed too high as intelligent sorters combined the two operations, and in future it would be a~visable to h~ve one ticket for the two operations in the form appended to thiS chapter which was suggested by the Deputy Superintendent, Jubbu1pore. SOltTING AND COMPILATION.

50. It is advisable to fix rates based on the outturn in order to' keep the sorters up to the mark but in the following instances daily wages were paid :-

Rs. a. p. Sorting of slips for Infirmities, Tables XII and XII-A 0 15 0 per diem. Copying and sorting the slips for Industrial Schedules 0 ISO " " Sorting of slips for statistics of marriage fertility 0 IS 0 " " Sorting of slips for Christians, Tables XV

and XVI 0 0 JI of Harcla " Taking out f1cruresb of re-censUS Town 0' IS 0' " " 5 I. The instructions for sorting contained in the Imperial Census Code are complete and it is not necessary for me to analyse Sorting. the operations table by table. I therefore confine myself to making the following suggestions :- (i) These tables are prepared from the A Rcgistn and no sorting is necessary. The figures for certain sects SUC:l as Sunnis Tables I-VI. and Shias, Satnarnis and Kabirpanthis and Jains, if their sects are to be shown separately, should be sorted at an early stage soon after the counting of the slips in order to avoid delay in the final preparation of table VI. (ii) A higher outturn can be expected in the case of the Mohommedan slips T bl XIII and it is convenient for account purposes to divide the a e. number of Mohommedan slips by three in applying the standard rate. An appendix which is given at the end of this volume gives a list of castes which \>,·ill be found very useful at the time of sorting as well as compilation for this table. (iii) This table should be sorted after table XVII and a note should be

V b' . appended to that effect at the end of the instructions deai- T a· bI e X,d-( /. •. I h bl I I NT ffi ,. mg WIt 1 t at ta c. - 11 t le " agpur 0 ce as tne mstruc- tions tor sorting this table appeared at a different p:ace in the C ode they were overlooked, and sorting for it had to be done abinite·o.

Progress Report for sort£llg.

Number cf boxes sorted for Tables. Period. VI'!. I VIII. I IX. I x. I XI.I~I~~;1 ~l-!'I ~~~I x~l xV;I~;·1 x;;I~1 XI~T~~I~I ~ ------T------

16 ." \1 .. n. .., . .. the end of June [921. 54 38 .. ... I ... : ... I ---.~.. --~.- , I july 1921. 314 2S3 6 106 " 4 244 25° .. · ... 1'" I ... , Augt.I921. 166 184 256 205 ' 195 .. · ". 226 IS[ I ." , .... I " I I I Sept. 192[. 80 1 I!4 ; Q6 2 126 23 I 114 '" i ... [ 1 2751 2 109 ! " I 2 1. . I Octr. 19 145 155 106 ! 108 103 2 I ... 105 I 143 II ~ .. 357 66 I " I I I 3 ! 42 1 " Novr.1921. 26 85 i 109 \ 106 :B8 'I 340 95 i 97[ 4 4 160 17 167 i I I Deer. [92[. 6 10 12 8 21 26289 61673 " 62 I 88 ! Jany.1922-...... :...... I . 1 ... .., 2 14 4 1 52 " Feby. '922...... I .. ... I ... I ...... I 4 12 4 ----!---

Tot.1 .. '" 79' 34' --::: 79' --:-:-[," 2 2 2 1--;:1-: -:l-;:-I- 79 79 \ 79 \ I I i I I ' NOTE.-Information by units could not be given as it was not collected by the Jub bulpore office. SORTING AND CO:\!PILATION. 25

52. No additional furniture is needed for the use of the Compilers, as slip copying will be finished before compilation begins. It Compilatioc. is important that compilation should be started as soon as possible and it should begin when sufficient sorters tickets are ready. It is­ not even necessary to wait as directed by the Code until all the sorters tickets for one district relating to a particular table are ready before compiling that table. 1f a serial number is given to each box, and is written against the appro­ priate space in the Compilation Register the Register can be filled up as tickets are ready. This does not, however, appl~' to table XI, as the names of the various places of birth for t he inhabitants of one district have to be entered at the top of the register before the compilation s:arLs. The chief difficulty in connection I"rith compilation is associated with the preparation of the caste and occupation tables. In 191 I an appendix to table XIII was prepared showing the distribution of the minor castes not tabulated, but I omitted it on this occasion. It was subsequently found that this would have been useful in order to check the IXth and Xlnh tables, and it may with advantage and little extra ;abour be prepared in future. The list of synonymous caste names given in this volume may also be pr;nted and copies distributed among the Compilers and Sorters. F or occupation an alphabetical Englis h list was prepared, but it would undoubtedly facilitate the work if vernacular lists were available which should also show the terms for various occupations current in different parts of the Prtw:nce. Such a list, however, would be extremely difficult to prepare and \y()u:d probab:y b(' incomplete. Owing to the inaccuracy of the circle summaries the total number of occupied houses required for Provincial Table I was Jifucull to discover and the figures had to be taken out by a special staff from the enumeration books. The information might be collected by the Record Room Staff and entered in extra columns for" occupie:i " ani "unoccupied" houses at the end of Register A. 53. In addition to the work of preparing tbe prescribed tables of stal!stics there are a number of other tables and statements to be Special work. prepared. These I had done :It the Nagpur office so that I could supervise the work myself. The following are the mosi important of these returns:- (i) Speczal return of European British Subjects requi1'ed b.y the I?egistrar­ Gmeral of England. (ii) Certnin statistics deahllg 7IJith congC'stioll in tOW11S. These were prepared ,,,,ith little intelligence, and many references had to be made subsequently to the municipalities concerned. [t wou~d be advisable in future to prescribe a sper:ial method of check before the statements arc sent in, (iii) A stfltemellt s!tom1Z/; the 12ltlllbl!r of !UlIldloOilZ r; lIZ use. It was intended to take a census of handlooms in order to compare theIr number with that of the improved looms introduced by the Dnpart­ ment of Industries whose location was knm,'n to that department. The handlooms should have been noted in the house Esls but the returns were so inaccurate that the figures could not be used. (iv) A statement showing tile age distributz'on by sex of 100,000 Hz'mills alld Mohommedal1s In 110rmal areas required for actz-tria! purposes. (17) A srac(me71t s/lOwing the disfributz'on 0/ lepers asked jor b) the Local Administra#on, The preparation of the last two statements presented no difficulty, 54. The accuracy of the tabulated results depends very largely on the energy of the Deputy Superintendents and their vigilance ;\Iethod of Check anci in preventing fudging in order to obtain a greater out turn. accuracy 01 results. A few such cases were detected at the start and the offenders expelled from the office. As soon as it is understood that dishonest work will not be tolerated, very little of it is found. In my opinion, given good supervision the errors in the Census figures introduced during the process of tabulation are negligible compared with those. due to faulty en~meration which ar~ unavoid- able with the present standard of lIteracy and mtelhgence of these Provmces, 26 SORTING AND COMPILATION,

Co'mbt'Jlcd Sorten' Ticket jor Tables V J I and V JJ I. Unit No. Box No. Religion Sex

\J nmarried. Married, Widowed.

Age Period, ------~------;al Ttl! Literate T \, I Literate Total Literate To, 0 a I' otal , 10ta I' n Total. 't t' In p , I' P L' In Persons. LI era e, i E gl'sh ersons, "Iterate, E l' h ersons, Iterate. E l' h in, . ng 1!1, . ng 1'5 •

1 I -~-- -:-:--3--(-:-1 -5--.. --6--!---7- -8--1------10- I ,j 9 , I I - -~------~------.------~--.------~--

o

z

4

------'----,---i-- Total I 1 : I i I I i _____ -- ._'__ i ___.__ I__ I__ . i

___ 1___ 1__ _ ------,,------

Total I ----_------:_-,_-I I

I I

25-2 9 ! ---r--,---,------,------.----1I___ _

: i i ! I[ Total I' I --'--:-----I--I--j---I--I--

i I I I 35-39 I I

55-59

65-69

70 and over ---1---I _------Grand Total I PART IV.-COST OF THE CENSUS.

55. The actual cost of the Census amounts to Rs. 2,77,000 as far as it can be estimated at the time of writing this report. At the previous Census the cost was Rs. 2,03,000 on a population which was 0'3 per cent, in excess of that of 192 I. The increase' in ~he cost is of course due to the rise in prices, Under the head Abstraction and Compilation, working staff, the expenditure totalled Rs. 1,41,000 as against Rs. 8r,000 in 1911. The excess is mainly due to the increase in the minimum rate at which it is possible to obtain low grade clerical labour and to the higher salaries paid to Government officials, These are both items over which the Census Superintendent has no control. The cost of stationery and printing also has risen considerably during the decade, and under this head Rs. 37,000 has been spent against Rs, 21,000 in 1911. It may fairly be claimed that the increase in the expenditure which occured ,has been unavoid­ able.

The details of expenditure under the various heads as prescribed by the Accountant-General and the Census Commissioner for India are given in State­ ments 1 and I I. The difference is merely one of accounts as salaries of Govern­ ment servants, exculding deputation allowan~es, are not included in the Account­ ant-General's figures, but are covered by a separate grant given by the Govern­ ment of India to the Provincial Government. 28 51 ATEMENT No, I.-Actual expend£ture distributed ullder the heads of accounts #escrt"bed by 'he Accountant-General,

Main head. Sub·head. 1920.21. 1921·2~. 1922'23. I Total. ------.-. --1------I-___.::_ l' 2 3 14 5 16 .. ----... _-_., ------_ .. _------_ .. ----~I- ~------

Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. RI. a. p. Rs. a. p.

Graad Total 40,202 5 1.94,5953 D 42,655 z 6 2,77,452 II 1

I._Superintendence 8,804 6 7 9,082 7 II 5,667 5 2 23,554 3 8

Salaries.

Oe?utation alJol'/ance ,)1 Officers ce· 3,300 0 0 3,600 0 0 9,119 6 0 puted to Census dUly.

ESTABLISHMENT --

2 Pay of men without substantive 2,140 II 6 2,037 13 9 2,206 3 II 6,384 12 9 appointment.

3 Deputation allowance of men deputed 43 8 II 801 7 2 S13 7 0 1,418 1 to Censul duty,

I :;: 4 House·ra~t and other allowances 172 4 237 10 ~o9 14 3

TRAVELLING ALLOWANCE-

5 Travelling allowance of Officers and 2,677 0 0 1,392 10 Q 92 5 0 4. 16, 15 9 Establishment.

6 Contingencies-

(a) Office rent

(h) Purchose o.,d repajr~ 01 1]Tnj· 134 4 II 155 9 0 31 9 0 321 611 lure.

(e) Local purchase of Stationery ... 106 6 0 3 0 0 16 6 6 125 12 6

(d) Postage and telegram charges ... o 13 0 244 7 9 170 I 0 4!S 9

(t) Freight 4 2 0 53 14 6 8 2 0 66 2 6

(fj Miscellaneous 225 4 2 555 14 10 349 13 2 1,13 1 0 2

n.-Enumeration 6:'713 3 553 3 0 1,191 0 3

DISTRICT ESTABLISH MEN [-

Temporary establishment in District Offices.

8 Remuneration of Census Officers

9 Travelling allowanre I 5 0 2 0 0 3 5 0

10 Contingencies-

(a) Local purchase of Stationery ... 300 0 0 60 0 6 360 0 6

(b) Postage and telegram charges", 0 2 0 0 2 0

(e) House numberin~ cnarges I 4 6 1 4 6

(d) F,eight 303 2 3 406 7 6 709 9 9

(t) Miscellaneous 32 I 6 84 9 0 116 10 6 STATEMEN11fo. I.-Actual expeJldt'ture distributed under tlte heads of accolmts prescribed by the '. Accozl1ltlmt-Gencral. -( Concld.)

Main heads, Sub-h<"ld. 1920 '21. 1921 '22, I 1922-23. Total, .- r i ----,-- ______. ___ ·w_. ____ ------1-.".---I --_.-...

2 i 1 3 4 I 5 6 I I I I I Rs. a. p. Rs. a, p. Rs. a. p, I Rs. a. p. i IIt-Abstraction and ... I ...... 2,104 14 6 1,49,531 10 4 12,612 6 10 I 1,64.248 IS 8 Compilation. I EsnBLISIIMRNT- I II Pay of men without substantivc ... SS,27 2 6 5 10,438 13 1 68,711 2 6 appointment. j 12 Deputation allowance [If men deputed ... 4,\109 12 1 1,623 12 1 6,533 8 2 to Cellsu, duty.

q Hou5e·rent ,"d nthor e\loNances ". ... I 9 2 ... I 9 2

14 TraVelling aliowallce .. IS 0 0 2,53S 1 4 .., 2,553 1 4 [$ Contingencies -

6,[69 6 II (a) Office rent ". '''1 '" 1 3 9 6,173 2 4 (bl Purchese 1nil rep",r of furniture. 1,954 2 0 3,95 2 13 6 -3[1 I 6 5,595 14 0

(e) Local purchase of Stationery,,, 0 2 6 812 6 0 -16 IS 0 795 9 6

(rl) Postage and telegram charges" 5 0 0 225 9 3 ... 23 0 9 3

I,COI (e) Freight ... '" IS 12 0 8 3 202 3 0 1,219 7 3

(() I , ~riscel!aneous '" III [4 0 71,65 1 9 672 0 5 Po435 0 2 ,i .IV,-Printing and other I ...... 25,358 1 II 3,049 13 6 10,446 II 7 38,854 II 0 Stationery Charges.

16 Cost of Stationery (including paper) !,O\)I 9 a 196 4 7 ... 1,287 13 7 supplied irom CClltI'al Storc,.

17 C,rr:a,e of Stationery ... 1,054 5 6 84 8 0 '" 1.168 13 6

18 [.ocal purchase 01 Stationery .. 17,[3~ 15 3 -4Gz 2 II -3,13! :> 0 '3,539 9 4

19 P,inting--

t 2 2 (!) A GOI'ernll1~nt Pres, '" (b) 5,8~8 II 2 2,O4! 8 0 (e) 2,562 0 0 10,44 3 (2) At Private Pre'lc; ...... 982 5 10 10,715 14 7 1l,698 4 5

20 I)ESPAICIIING CHARliES'"

0 0 (I) 1'O;I",;e ... ", '" SO 0 a 50

(,) Other charges 210 9 0 20 7 6 0 250 0 0 66] IS 0

V.-Miscelltlneous '" " ...... '" ' .. ...

21 ACil ,,; Al.t.n\\''\xc~ OF OFFICERS IS ~, 122 6 II 9,703 7 10 2,4'4 '5 0 1940 13 9 NCJN·CENSllS OFFICIlS. ,

(I) Officers 3,044 4 7. 098 0 4 r 1,766 2 0 11,908 7 8 (2) E,tablishment "I 78 [ 7 2,605 6~ 648 13 0 3,332 6 I VI,-Special allowance., 22 Special al:owanrc .. I 174 10 427 I4 51 602 810 I I lJilterence between tlte Departmentall (dj 22,246 10 0 11,5 13 II II 33,760 SJI ~nd Treasury amlunts chari:eable to; Cen'1I5 expenditure Rccording to! Auditor-General's letter No. AC'2S37!, S·~o, aatea the 19th/21St AuguH 1922.

NOTE.-(a) The statement sh.ws net cbarges after deducting all recJVeries from Municipalities and Stette! on ac,;ount of cost of tabulating Census statistics, sale·proceeds 01 furniture, ar,d surplus fJ~mj, and refund 00 aCCJunt of pay. etc. (0) These chargcs were not ioclu,lec in 6n.1 accounts ,1S they Ivere OJ! charged to the Census expenditure, but haye been shown here to give an idea of the actual expenditure, . (c) These are estimated charfes as actual cost is not available yet. (d/ Excludes Rs, 1,2[ 2·6.0 on account of pay of kll pOrary clerks of the Settlement Dep"tm~ot for the period of service in that Department and Rs. 21-1-[ on acCOunt of cbarge; for {"illting- forms s"pplied by the Super intendent of Census Operations, Bomb.y, under note to Article 9, Chapter II, Part, L Imperial Census Code, (P) Charges for the year 19~2'23 are only approximate as actual figtlres are not avaiiable. 30 51 ATEME NT No. lI.-Expenditure distribut,d under the heads prescribetl by the Census Commis· sot'ner acco,ding to (a) Accountant·General's and (b) Departmental Accounts.

I Expenditure according 10 Accountant·Gtneral's Accaunb. Expendilare in -_ ---. 1920-23 Main head. Sub·head. according to Difference. Dep3~lm ental I 1920 '21. 1921 . 22• 19 22'23. Total. ! Accounts. I ,/ .. ------_! ------.- , I I z 3 4 5 6 7 S I - I i I I I R•. &. p. I Rs. &. p.1 Rs. Rs. !. a, I a. p. ~. R•. a. Rs. p i i I I P'I Grand Total '" I ..... , 40,202 5 7 ,1.94,616 4 1 42.555 :1 6 J,77.473 12 Z 1,93,445 6 15,971 10 0 I \ 2) I A.-Superinte n d· ...... 12,101 7 II : 32,984 14 3 19.493 2 64.579 IO 8 14 4 0 i I 4 4 79,33 41 14.759 elite. ! I I I.-Salaries 111 .. I .... " 6,34-1- 5 4 24. 4 8 0 14,S82 4 .0 44.941 I .. 59,470 14 11 I4,Ssg 13 7

1 PaJ of Officers

~ Deputation allowance of 3.300 0 0 3,600 0 0 2,Z19 6 0 9,119 6 0 9,119 6 0 Officen.

II.-E.tlbli.hme n t 5,757 2 7 8,070 Ii 3 and other Charges, I I 3 Superintendent's office 1,609 4 6 I 6,391 13 ICl ~.24t II 6 13,143 13 10 13,373 4 3 eatablishment. i

4 Printing­

(a)At Government Prmu.

(b) At Private Presses ...

S Travelling allowance of 2,677 0 0 1,39z 10 9! officials and establish· i ment.

6 Cntingenciu-

(a) OffiCI rent

(b) Purcbase and repairs 134 4 II I ISS 9 0 3! !l 0 311 6 11 01 furniture.

(c) Stationery 106 6 0 175 15 7 16 ti 6 398 I~ I . 398 I~ I

(d) Postage and Telegram o 13 0 z44 7 9 170 1 0 415 5 9 415 5 9 charges. I

(e) Freight 4 J o! S3 14 6 8 2 0 66 :l 6 66 2 6

(f) Mi.cellaneoul 21~ 4 I 55S 14 10 349 13 2 1,131 o I 1,131 o •

B.-En1lmeration",

1lI.-D is' ric t 637 13 3 i 553 3 0 1.191 a 3 1,191 0 3 Cblrg...

District office establish· ment.

8 Remuneration df censusl Officers.

9 Travelling allowance ... I 5 0 200 3 5 0 350

10 Contingencie.-

fa) Stationery 300 o 0 60 o 6 360 o 6 360 o 6

(h) Postage and Telegram 020 020 o 2 0 charges.

(c) House numbering 1 4 6 1 4 6 1 4 6 charges.

(d) Freight 303 2 3 406 7 6 709 9 9 709 9 9 lIe) Miscelllneous 32 6 84 9 0 116 10 , 116 10 6, ~.

STATEMENT No'. /I.-Ex~e"dilurt ail/fiouled under the Imlas prlscr;;II} lJy llie Cenlu! C(Jfftm'l~ s£onlr ,'coram! to (a) Accounlo1il·Generdl's and (b) Dtpartmental AecoJlnts,-(Conc1d.) " . , ,.,

Expeuditure according to Accountant·Gen~ral's Accounts. Ii xpendi tute in 1.QJ0-2J Main helld. S~b·he.d. ~ccording to Differencii. ]!j3C·II. ]9al'21. 1922'13. Tolal. t>eparttn'e ntal ACcounts. _ ...... _..._ _....,_-.....------I f 3 4 $ 6 I 1 8

Rs. .. p. R. • p j R••• p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. rb. Ii • p. tV.-Printing and .. ,Of. 14,103 13 3 1,416 0 10 -2,756 0 0 12,923 ]4 j 12,923 14 1 .... Stationery Cilatges.

t I Paper ... 7,849 II 1 ...... 608 10 2 -l.7S6 0 0 M8S I 5 4,485 I 5 ,i, II Carriage of paper to 441 I (J ...... 441 I 6 of4l I 6 ... Prets.

13 Printing-

(a) At Government Prw 5,838 11 2 f,041 8 0 ,.. 7.880 :J 2 7.!J8o 3 2 ... ,,, , (6) At other Presses ...... "i

14 Dispatching forms .. 74 5 0 43 :I c ... 111 8 0 111 S 0 ... t.-Abatric t ion ...... 13,259 3 :z t,59,602 :2 0 25917 14 4 1,98,779 3 6 1,99.!l9J 9 6 1,212 Ii , and Com- pUafion.

1 2 !) \' .-Office Charge, '1' ••• , 3m2 '5 6 1,58,fI4 9 10 12,7 5 1.14.322 11 I 1.75.535 2 I (a.)l,lIU 6 II

15 Correspondenee and ... 7,646 10 8 163 14 0 8,410 8 8 8.4 10 8 S ... ACcol1nts Establish· ment.

1 10 0 16 Menial EstablishMent '" ... 1,9 9 9 3!)Z 3 2,'31! n 10 2.:111 II 10 ...

17 Workinr staff including Superintendene-

I , (al OfIleials ...... 62,~6 0 8 11,009 ~ 13.31$ :I 9 74,5 87 9 9 (a) f,2'IZ ~ (b) Non·officials ,.. ... 61>348 :I 7 35 2 8 ° 67,100 10 7 67,700 10 7 ... 18 Tr.'elling aliowan.ce .. IS 0 0 2,53S I 4 ... 2,553 I 4 2,m 1 4 ... 19 Contingenties- ...

(al Office rent ...... 6.16g 6 7 3 11 9 6,113 !I 4 6,113 I 4 ...

" (6) Purchase and repairs 1,954 2 0 3,95' 13 Ii -311 1 6 5,S9S :4 0 5,595 14 0 .n of furniture.

(t) Stationery ... 1,288 :I 6 146 12 0 -16 IS 0 2,018 0 I) . f,018 0 Ii ...

(d) Postage and Telegram 5 0 225 9 3 ... f30 9 3 230 9 :; ... charges. °

(e) Frei~ht ... IS 12 0 1,001 6 3 20'2 :; 0 1,219 1 :I 1, 219 1 3 ...

(Il Mi!CellanlOus .. , III 14 0 4.3° 2 IS 2 319 8 5 4,734 5 7 4.734 5 7 H,

Vl.-Ptitlling aftd •• 1 oh 9.8~6 !I 8 1,387 8 2 13,201 II , 24,456 1 5 24.456 7 5 Statio n e r y ... Charges.

:0 Paper lor slips .. 9.183 3 8 146 1 3 -345 3 0 9,084 1 II g,084 1 II 21 Paper for eompilation ...... 6510 0 -30 0 0 35 10 0 35 10 (I ...

0 0 ~2 Carriaie of paper .. ' 446 t2 0 7 13 ... 454 9 0 454 9 ... 2a Priliting-

(a) At Gol"eroment Presse,. ... 21 I I 2.563 I) 0 2,583 1 J !l,S83 1 I ...

(b) At Private Pmses ...... 982 5 10 10.115 14 1 1I,6g11 4 S 1,16g8 4 .n

Despatching charges 136 0 16 Q 0 0 600 0 600 ... 24 ." 4 4 3 300 7 1 :1

The difference shown In column 8 i. due to the fact that the DepartAllllltal figqres include the lull salaries 01 oillcers deputea t. the Censul while the TreasuI'Y figures sholt only the extra expenditure. which, but for the Census, wo~ld nqt have been incurred.

(a) The Tteasury figures exclude this amount ill it wu 00. aC~Ouo.t of pay of temporary clerlrs of the Settlement Department lor the period the)' waked in that depattment. but for which pnT was dra'J\'Q on CenlUi bills, on rec'eipt 01 last pay certiticatu: this amollnt il III' ehara-tabl. to the Census tipenditllre. :)2

APPENDIX A.

Gast!fe Notificaii()ns under the CensM Act of 1920,

The 16th 'June 1920. No. 17134I-C/IV.-In exercise of the powers conferred by Section I4 of the Indian Census Act, 19~0 (Act IV of 1920), the Chief Commissioner is pleased to prescribe the following rules regulating the cOlit of meeting the Census operations in Municipalities in the Central Provinces :- (1) Government will supplY" to Municipalities, free of all cost, including carriage from the press, the schedules and enumeration books and other forms required in connection with the Census. (II) Municipalities will provide at their own cost all the necessary agency for the enumeration, supplemented In such manner as the Local Government may direct by the loan of Government officials to act as Census Officers. The Municipalities will also meet such charges as may be necessary for contingencies. (III) The tabulation of the results will be carried out by Government agency, but the Municipalities will contribute towards the cost at the rate of three months' salary of one tabulating clerk for every ten thousand of the population dealt with. Provided that the amount payabk may be reduced with the approval of the Local Government for Municipalities containing less than 10,000 inhabitants. Provided also that for the purpose of this rule the remuneration of the tabulating clerks shall be fixed by the Provincial Superintendent of Census. (IV) The tabulated registers, when no longer required by the Provincial Superinten" dent, will, in return for the assistance rendered, be made over to the Municipalities concern· ed, provided that the Municipal authorities undertake to preserve them in good order until the next general enumeration.

No. I8/341-D/IV,-In exercise Qf Lhe powers conferred by Section 14 of the Indian Census A<::t, '920 (Act IV of 19ZO), as applied to Berar, the Chief Commissioner is pleased to prescribe the following rules regulating the cost of meeting' the Census operations in Municipalities in Berar:- (I) Government will supply to Municipalities, free of all cost, including carriage from the press, the schedules and enumeration books and other forms required in connection with the Census.

(H) Municipalities will provide at their own cost all the necessary agency fOf the enumeration, supplemented in such manner as the Local Government may direct by the loan of Government officials to a~t as Census Officers. The Municipalities will also meet such I=harges as ITlay be nccesiiary for contingencies. (IJI) The t;lbulation of the results will be carried out by Government agency, but the M" unjcipalitics will contribute towards the cpst at the rate of three mopths' salary of on e tabplating clerk: fol' every ten thousand of the population dealt with. P),ovlded that the amount payable mi+Y be reduced with the approval of the Local Government fo), Municipalities cont~injng less than 10,000 inhabitants.

Provided al~o that for the purpose of this rule the mmuneration of the tabulating clerks shall be fixed by the Provincial Superintendent of Census. (JV) The tablJlated registers, when no longer required by the Provincial Superinten­ dent, will, in r~tlJrn for the assistanc~ rendtred, be made over to the Municipalities concerned, provjd.ed that the l\'hmicipal authorities undertflke to pres~rve them ip good crder I-Intil th~ ne~t gellera~ e)lumrratiop.

The' Jtk AUlfult 1920. No.· 41!490-AnV.- In e:xercise of the powers conferred by Se~tions 7. and 3 of the Jndijm (enlius Act, IV of I9:?o, the Chief COmmilljiioner is pl~ased:- ( 1) to .appoint all District Magistl'ates to be (enslls Officers; ~~) to de.le~atet~ D.illtr"~ct M""gistrates the power of flppointing Census Officers . WIthm tpelr dlstncts ; 4l) tp direct th;lt the de.claratiom; of appointments of Census Officers shall be signed . by the Dist~ict Magistrate or any of the Sub.Divisjopal j\IagistJ'iltes in .the " R~stript· for the pistrict Ml!ogistrate, No. 4214go-BjIV.-In exercise of the powers conferred by Sections % and 3 of the Indiao Census Act, IV .~f 1910, as applied to Berar, the Chief Commissioner is pteased:- (I) to appoint all District M agist~a tes 'to be Census Officers; (z) to delegate to District Magistrates the/power of appointing Census Officers within their districts; (1) to direct that the declaration of appointments of Census Officers shall be signed by the District. Magistrate or any of the Sub-Divisional Magistrates in the district for the District Magistrate.

TIlt 4th September 1920. No. 52j6lO-A/IV.-In ex.ercise of the powers conferred by Section 14 of the lndiaa 'Census Act, 1920 (IV of 1920), the Chief Commissioner is pleased to direct that petty expenditure incurred in connection with any arrangements made for the taking of the Census under the said Act within the area for which a District or Municipal Fund has been constituted may be charged to such Fund~

The 23rd October 1920. No. 991772-A/IV.-In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 6 of the Indian 'Census Act, IV of 1920, the Chief Commissioner is pleased to issue the following instruc­ tions regarding the nature of the questions to be asked by C~nsus Officers at the coming Census and \0 direct that every Census Officer duly appointed under the Act for this .purpose shalf ask all the questions set forth in these instructions of all persons within the limits of the local area for which he is appointed ;- [Here folloCt1ed a cop), of the £tJstructio"s to Enumerators as prz'nted ,. tire co.ver 0/ the Enumeration Book and a copy oj the General Scltetiule]. No. loo!772-BjIV.-ln exercise of the powers conferred by Section 6 of the Indian .census Act, IV of '920, as applied to Berar, the Chief Commissioner is pleased to issue d:he follo.wing instructions regarding the nature of the questions to be asked by Census Officers .at the coming Census and to direct that every Census Officer duly appointed under the Act for this purpose shall ask all the questions set forth in these instructions of all persons within the limits of the local area for which he is appointed :- [H ere jolJowed a copy () f the instrucftons ttJ Enumerators as prz"ntcd on tlrc cove,. 0/ thc Enumeration Book and a copy of thc General Schedule]. No. IOI!772-CjIV.-In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 9 of the Indian ICensus Act, IV of ly20, the Chief Commissioner is pleotsed to prescribe the appended form ,of household schedule for use in the Central Provinces, and to direct that all persons to whom the household schedule is delivered at their houses shall fill up such schedule, to the ''best of the.ir knowledge or tlleir belief, for inmates of their houses according to the instruc­ fions annexed to the schedule, and shall sign their names thereto; and shall deliver the ,schedule so filled up and signed to the Census Officer from whom they were received or to ,such person as he may direct. Any occupier of a dwelling house or part thereof, who know­ ingly and without sufficient cause fails to comply with the directions or makes any false .entry in the schedule, is liable to a fine of Rs. 50 under Section 10 of the above Act. [Here followed a copy of the household schedule]. No. I02!7J2-D/IV.-In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 9 of the Indian :Census Act, IV of 1920, .as applied to Berar, the Chief Commissioner is pleased to prescribe :the appended form of household schedule for use in the Central Provinces, and to direct that all persons to whom the household schedule is delivered at their houses shall fill up

No. I04/772-FjIV.-In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 1 I of the Indian Census Act, IV of 1920, as applied to Berar, the Chief Commissioner is pleased :- (I) to direct that all prosecutions under this Act shall be instituted in the Court of a Magistrate of the ,st Class; t.l) to empower the District Magistrate to authorise the prosecution of cases under this A~t within the limits of his district. 34- APPENDIX B.

l,'st ()f Compi[ati~ns ;f"tst1'vea t'n tne Cent,al PI"o'binces Civil S,c,.etartaf.

I. General Circulars and Orders issued by the· Census Commissioner for lndia. 2. Printed notes on the Imperial and Provincial Tables issued by the Census Com-­ missioner for India, Parts I and II. 3. Rules and Chapters issued by the Local {rovernment and the J?pl)vincial Census; Superintendent, Central Provinces and Berll.r'. 04. Legal (Notifications, Census Act, etc.) 5. Purchase of paper for Census forms. 6. Estimate of printing at the Nagpur Jail Press. 7. Office Establishment of Provincial Census Superintendent, Central Provinces. 8. BUdget estimates and allotment. 9. Salary bills. to. Circular Orders regarding maintenance of accounts and the cost of CensuS Opera- tions in Municipal areas. 11. Mo~thly accounts, Treasury and Departmental. 12. Adjustment of area and population, Parts r and II. 13. Correspondence regarding Censtls cn Railway Limits'~ 14. Coloared paper for slips and indent On Nagpur Jail Press. 15. Indents for stationary. r6. Determination of sex in children (Fertility of marriage)'. J 1. Cottage industries (Census of looms). 18. Preparation of a Sk-eleton Map for the Central Provinces and Berar', 19. Special Industries for Railways, Telegraph Posts, Irri-gation. 20. Christian sects. 2 I. Appointments of Deputy Superintendents. 2l. Special enquiry into congestion in cities an'd towns (over crowding areas). 23. Religions and customs- of various castes. 24. Orders regarding tne treatment of Nagpur and Jubbulpore as cities for Census' purposes, . 25. Correspondence regarding arrangernents for slip copying. ,6. Arrangements for taking census on the railways. 27. File regar

List of caste ffatlleS returned £" the schedules with their fi1lal cl~ssificaHon.

Serial Serial Name {)f caste. Caste in which amalgamated. Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. No. No.

______._. ____1 ___~ ___• __~ __ - ______~ ______

1 A I 1 Abdal ... A minor caste. 56 Atkar ... 1 Hatgar . 2 Achari (Bairagi) ." Bairagi. 57 Attar ... 1 Gandhi. 3 Adbal ... Abdal. 58 .\udhelia ... A minor caste. 4 Acihegoi Brahman ... ~ Brahman. 59 Audbiya ... Bania. 5 I Adinath " Jogi. 60 Aughad ... Jogi.

6 i Adhvani ... Mehra. 61 Avadhiya ... Sunar. 7 Afgan ... Ml!salnJan. 62 Avadhut ... Jogi . 8 Agarehi .. Bania. 63 Awari ... Mehra. 9 Agarhar Bani ••. Do. 64 Ayawar ... Satani. 10 Agarhari ... Do.

II Agaria ... A caste . 12 Agarwal ... Bania. 13 Agharia ... A caste . 14 Aghori ... Jogi. 15 Agrahari .. , Bania. 65 Baba ... Bairagi.

16 Agrawal Do. 66 Saba Bisnavi ... Do. 17 Ahir ... A caste. 67 Babaji ... Do . 18 Ahirwar .. ' Beldar. 68 Baba Samyogi ... Jogi. 19 Ahwasi or Aiwasi ... Brahman. 69 Baba Udasi ... Nanakshahi . 20 Aiyar Do. 70 Babban ... Babhan.

21 Aiyawar ... Satani. 71 Babhan ... A minor caste • 22 Ajan ... Musalman. 72 Bachhla ... Rajput. 23 Ajan Kutubshahi Do. 73 Badai .. Barbai. 24 Ajmed ... Unclassified. 74 Badar ... Waddar. 25 Ajmera ... Banjara. 75 Baddewar ... Do.

26 Ajudhiabasi ... Bania. 76 Bad-Dbanwi ff' Sali. 27 Ajudhiyapuri Do. 77 Badek •.. Ganda. 28 Akhara malak ... Bohra. 78 Badgujar ." Gujar. 29 Akramasa ... A minor caste. 79 Badhurala •.. Babelia. 30 Alkari or Alia ... Kachhi. 80 Badi ... Nat.

31 Alvar ... Satani. 81 Badia ... Od. 32 Ah'a ". Kachhi. 82 Hadigir •.. Nat. 33 Arnan (Musalman) ... Musalman, 83 Badiya Do. 34 Andh ... A tribe, 84 Badot ... Banjara. 35 Andkuri Ganda t.. Ganda. 85 Badtia Do.

36 Arab .. , A minor caste. 86 Bagdewar ... Kasar. 37 Aradbansi ... Unclassified . 87 Baghurla ... Bahelia. 38 Arak Gond ... Arakh. . 88 Bagri ... Rajput. 39 Arakh ... A minor tribe. 89 Bagwan ... Mali. 40 Araki ... Arakh. 90 BaneHa ... A castro

41 Arakpasi .. Pasi. 91 Bahera ... Kahar. 42 Ardi ... Unclassified. 92 Bahika .. Unclassified. 43 Are ... A caste. 93 Bahloda ... Bahelia. 44 Ariya , .. Arya. 94 Bahna ... A tribe. 45 Arkhin ... Arakh. 95 Bahora ... Bohra.

46 Arkmasi ... Akramasa. 96 Bahurupi ... A minor caste. 47 Arod ... Arora. q7 Baidya .. Vaidva. 48 Arora ... A minor caste. 98 Baiga .. A tribe. 49 Arva Do. 99 Baina ... Bahna. 50 Asathi ... Bania. 100 Bairagi t. A caste,

51 Asati 101 Bais ... Rajpu'. 52 Asit (Bania) ...,,' Do. 102 Baishnava ... Bairagi. 53 Asur .. , A minor caste. 103 Baishya .. ' Bania . 104 Bajania ... Ganda. 54. 'I Atari .,. Rangari. 55 I Atith ... Bairagi. 105 Bajari Bhat ... Bhat. Serial Caste in which amalgamated. Serial ~ame of caste. Caste io whicn amalgamated. No. Name of caste. I No. I I .-

106 Bajhi ... Ojha. 161 Basdewa .. , A minor caste . 107 Bajni ... Ganda. 162 Basgtlro Bairagi ... Bairagi. 108 Bakar Kasai ... Khatik. 103, Basohar .. Basor. 109 Bakar Kasao .. Do, 164 Basor ... A caste, 110 Mehra. t6j Basudeo Basdewa. Bakharia .. ' '" III Baksaria ... Rajput. 166 Basuhar ... Basor. 112 Balahi .. A caste, 167 Bawania Mehra .. Mehra. 113 Balahi Nai ... Nai, 168 Baya ... Do. 114 Baland .. Balda. 16:) Bedar ... A caste. 115 Bald ... Do. 17 0 ' Bedar Dakhni , .. Bedar. JI6 Balda ... A minor tribe. 17 1 Bedbansi ... Basor. 117 Balija ... Do. 17 2 Bedi ... Nat. JI8 Balji Gajal .. Balija. 173 Bedia ... Do. Bega U9 Balochi .. A minor caste. 174 Baiga. Behna ...'''1 Bahn3. 120 Balsar .. ' Unclassified. 175 1 6 Beldar A caste. 121 Banaphar .. ' Rajput. 17 ... 122 Banda .. Unclassified. 177 Beli .. Nat. 12 Bandarwala Jogi. 178 I Belp:;rdhi Pardhi. 3 .. '''1 B ' 124 Bandhdewar .. Devar. 179 I Benaikaya ... aIlla . uS Bangali .. D himar in Bilaspur, else· 180 Bengali ... l_jnclassified'. where unclassified. , 126 Bangali Baidya ... Vaidr:l. 181 Berad ... Bedar . 12 7 Bangali Mukarji .. Brah'man, 182 Besta .. " A minor caste. 128 Bani ... Rania. 183 Bhaddari ... Joshi . 129 Bania ... A caste. 184 Bhadoria .. , Rajput. 130 Bania Bisenagar ... Bania. 18 5 Bhagadia (Barhai) ... Barhai.

13 1 Banjara ... A caste. 186 Bhagwat ... Brahman. 18 Bhaina A tribe. 132 Banjara Gwal .. Banjara. 7 ... , 133 Banjara Nai .. Nai. 188 Bhalai ",1 Balahi. 134 Banjara Pamar ... Banjara. 189 Bha!i ... Mhali. ]35 Do. Tejawat ... Do. '90 Bhami ... A minor caste.

136 Banjari ... Wanjari. 19 1 Bhamta ... A caste. 137 Banka ... A minor caste. 19 2 Bhamti '>0 Bhamta. 138 Bansbedia ... Nat. 193 Bhanari ... IJhirnar. '39 Bansfod Basor. '94 Ehand ... A minor caste. '40 Barad .. Bedar. 195 Bhandari ... Nai. 141 Baradia ... Kumhar. 196 Ehandri ... Joshi. Bhangan Bhangi. 14 2 Baril " A caste. 197 ... 143 Barat ... Unclassified. 198 Bhangi ... A caste. 144 Bara darwali .. Co. 191) Bhaosar ... Chhipa, 145 Bareth or Baretha .. , Dhobi. 200 Bhar ... A minor tribe. 146 Bargaha ... A caste. 201 Bharadbhunja ... Bharbhunja. 147 Bargahat ... Bargaha. 202 Bharadi ... A minor caste. 148 Barghai ... Do. 203 Bharbhunja ... A caste. 149 Bargujar ... Rajput. 20-+ Bharbhunja Hat\\'ai ... Bharbhunja. 150 Bargunda ... Kaikadi. 205 Bharewa ... Kasar.

'51 Barhai ... A ~aste. 206 Bharewa K

216 Bhatia .. Bania. 261 Bhunji Bharbhunja. ~17 Bhatia Vaishya Bania. 262 Bhunjia A tribe. .218 Bhat Jasondhi Jasondhi. .:163 Bhunj\\'a Bharbhullja. 21 9 Bhatra Gond. 264 Bhurthiya Ahir. 220 Bhat raa .. Bbat. 265 Bhuta Bhopa. 221 Bhatu Kasbi. 266 Bhu'\'aishya Vellalan. .222 Bhatva Bania (Bhatia). 267 Bhuyya Bhuinhar 223 Bhawania Unclassified. 268 Biar 224 Bhil A tribe. 269 Bidur ..."'I ABiy", caste. 225 Bhilala A caste. 27 0 Bidur Gond ". Gond.

226 Bhilalni Bhilala. 27 1 Bidur Kanwar Kawar. 227 Bhilara Do. 27 2 Bijabargi Bania. 228 Bhilaria Do. 273 Bijallra Unclassified. 229 Bhima ". Bhimma. 274 Bijhal Binjhwar. 230 Bhimma .. A minor casle. 275 Bijhia Binjhia. 231 Bh!rala Bhilala. 276 Biiwar Binjhwar. 23 2 Bhiri Bbil 277 Bilochi Balochi. 233 Bhir Shikar', U(). 27 8 Bilwar A minor caste. 234 Bbisti A minor caste. 279 Bin Bind. 235 Bbogta ." Do. 280 Binaikya Bania.

236 Bhoi Kol in Bh~il1sdehi tahsil of 281 Bind A minor tribe. Bctul; Mehra in Nand· 282 I Bineka or Binakiya ... Bania. gaon, Raipur, Khandwa 283 i Binjhia A minor tribe. in Nimar, Chhuikhadan, 284 I Binjhwar A tribe, and Mahasamllnd tahsil of 285 Biraman Brahman, Raipur; Gond in Saugor ; and Dbimar 10 Harda, 286 Birhor A minor tribe. Seoni, Sakti, Khairagarh, 287 Biria Nat Bilaspur, Balaghat, Drug, 288 \ Birjia Binjhwar. Sohagpuf, Damoh and 289 Birnia Nat. Raipur. 290 Birtia Bhat.

237 Bhoi Dhangar Oraon. 29 1 ~isanagar Bania. :233 Bhoi Gabra Ahir. 29 2 Bisnoi A caste. :.139 Bhoi Gond Gond. 293 Bivar A minor caste. 240 Bhojak A minor caste. 294 Bi~orihlL Korwa. 295 Bogam Kasbi. 24 1 Bhojhya Ojha. 296 Bohra A caste. 242 Bhokta or Bhokhta .. Bhogta. 2Q7 Bohra Daucli Ismaili. Bohra. 243 Sholia Shulia. 398 Bohra Shekh Do. 244 Bhoea Bhaina. 299 Bohri Do. 245 Bhonsle Maratha. 300 Boi Boya. 246 Bhopa A minor caste. 301 Bojha ... Ojha. 247 Bhopi ". Bhopa. 302 Bong UncJassified. 248 Bhorea .. Bhulia. 303 Bopehi Korku. 249 Bhorku Unclassified. 30 4 Bora Bohra. 25 0 Bhorli Do. 305 Borekar Pan gut.

25 1 Bhortia Ahir. 306 Borewalla Do. 25 2 Bhoti .. Shopa. 30 7 Botkar Otari. 253 Bboyana Bhaina. 308 Bowak Unclassified. 254 8hoyar A caste. 30 9 Boya A minor caste. .255 Bhuan Bhuinhar. 310 Brahma Brahmo. 256 Bhuinhar A tribp,. 311 Brahma Bhat Bhat. 257 I Bhulia A c?oste. 312 Brahmachari Bairagi. z~8 Bhumak Korku. 313 Brahma Dandi Do. 259 Bhumia Gond Bharia. 314 Brahman A caste. z60 Bhumka Korku. 315 Brahmo A minor caste. Seriil Serial No. Name of caste. Cule in which amalgimated. No. Name of calte. I Caste in which amalgamated. .------I ------,------Budalgir Chamar, ':::hitera Chitari. Budbudkala A minor caste. Chitnavis Parhhu, Budhadeo Ohangar ... Oraon. Chitora Bania. Budhya ... Unclassified. Chitrakar .. Chitari, Bulang or Urang Oraon. Chitrakathi .. A minor caste,

321 Bundela Rajput. 37 1 Chitter Chitari. 32.2 Bunkar Balahi in Njmar and Kori 37 2 Chitvari .-.' Do. in Damoh. 373 Chiwaka Unclassified. 323 Burad Basor. 374 Chohda Chuhra. 334 Burganda Kaikadi. 375 Chohrawal Do. 325 Burud Basor. 376 Chokh Lohar. 326 Byadh~ Bahelia. 377 Cholian A minor caste. 3n Byar Bivar. 378 Chuhra Do. 379 Chunari Beldar. 380 Churihar Shckh Kachera. c :;81 Churiwala Do. 3a8 Chadar A caste. 38.2 Cutchi A minor caste. 329 Chadar Kotwar (hadar. o 330 Chakar A minor caste, 383 Dabgar Chamar. 384 Oabidiya Banjara. 331 Do. Kumhar. 385 Dabaria A minor caste in Chhattis­ 332 Chamar A caste. garh and Rajput else­ 333 Chamardurani Chamar. where. 334 Chamarladia Beldar. 386 Daharia Kalar Kalar. 3~5 Chambhar Chamar. 387 Dahayat A caste. 388 Dahit ... Dahayat . 336 Champali Unclassified. 389 Dakalwad ... / Mang. 337 Chandel RaiplJt. 390 Dakhni ... Mehra. 338 Chandnahu Kurmi. 33' Channahu Do. 391 Dakochia Joshi. 340 Charad Chadar. 392 Dal Khond. 393 Dalia Kunbi. 341 Charnagar Bania. 394 Dalia Lewa Do, 342 Chasa A minor caste. 395 Dalkond Khond; 343 Chater Chitari. 344 Chauhan A caste in Chhattisgarh 396 Dalwale ... Kunbi. and elsewhere a Rajput 397 Vandigan Joshi. sept. 398 Dangchada Nat. 345 Chauhan Mori Rajput. 399 Dangi .. A caste. 400 Dangri A minor caste. 346 Chaumasi U r.classified. 347 Chawan •,. Rajput. 401 Dangur Kumrawat . 348 Cbenchuwar A minor tribe. 402 Daphali ... A minor caste . 349 Chenwar Mehra. 403 Daraiha ... 1 A caste. 350 Chero A minor tribe. 404 Darji Do. 405 Darman ...'''1 Dahayat. I 351 Cherwa Kawar. 352 Chetti Karnam Karan. 406 \ Daruj Unclassified. 3~3 Chhallotaragujar Gujar. 40 7 Darwesh Fakir. 354 Chhattri . ,. Rajput. ':;08 Das Panka . 355 Chhattrichhipa 409 Dasi Deulwar. "'1 Chh':pa. 410 Dasondhi Jasondhi. 356 Chhattri Dareha ... Daralha. 357 Chherka Ganda. 41 r *Dasondi Bhat Do. 358 Chhipa A caste. 412 Dasondi Kisba Kasbi. 359 Chhipi Darji. 413 Dasora Ba:lia. 360 Chhipiya Patw~ Patwa, 414 Dasri Sat ani. 415 Datta K,"yasth. 361 Chikba Khatik. 362 Chik Ganda Ganda. 416 Dauwa Ahir. 363 Chirimar Bahelill. 417 Deharia Chhattri Rajput. 364 Chisti A minor caste, 418 Deo Bhumja Gond, 365 Chitari A caste. 419 Deogarhhin Nat. 420 Deogariha Do. ,. .Sihpra, Saugor. S~oni lind Ealaghat. 39

I Serial Serial l'iame of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. I Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. No. No. i

I / -"

421 Deshmllkh .. , Kunbi. 47 6 Dosar ... Bania. 22 Deshwal Bania. I Dosi ... Joshi. 4 ." ! 477 423 Deswali • I A ca.ste. I 47 8 Duasar ... Bania. 424 Deulwar ... 1 A mmor caste. 479 i Dudhgaiki ... Gowari . 425 D~vadihall I Nat. 480 ! Dumal ... A minor ca~te. I 426 Devangan "'I A minor caste. 48r Dumar ... Dom. 427 Devar ... Du. 482 Durla ... Gond. Dhadi Dusadh 428 ... 1 Do. 483 ... A minor c"ste. 429 Dhakad ". Kirar. E 430 Dhakar ••. 1 Bania and Rajput differen- 484 Ediga ... A minor ca,le . Elmi I tiated hy occupation. 485 ." Velama. 431 Dhale ... Mang. 486 Eranga ... Kalanga. 432 Dhalgar ... A minor caste. F 433 Dhamat ... Unclas5iiied. 4S71Filkir ... A caste. 434 Dhami -,. A minor raste. G

435 Dhandhar ... Ahir. 488 I Gadaba " A minor tribe. 489 Gadar ... Gadaria.

43 6 Dhallagar n, A caste. 4()0 Gad;ni 00 Do. 437 Dhangra ... Oraon. 1 438 Dhankar ... Dhanagar, 49 Gadaria '" " caste. 439 Dhanohar ", Dhanwar. 49 2 Gadaria Guwal '" Gadaria. 0 Dhanuk caste, I( Kumhar. 44 ... A 493 Gadllcra umhar .. ' 494 Gadhere Beldar '" Beldar. Dhanuwar Dhanwar. Gadhewal Mehra, 441 '" 495 ." 442 Dhanwar '", A tribe. 443 Dhapali Saill ", Fakir. 496 Gaclhinch,l ... Unclassified. 444 Dharan Banjara. 497 Ga(lhri ... Gadaria. Dharkar '" Gadia 445 -. A minor caste. 498 '" A minor caste. 499 Gaharwar .. f{ajput. 446 ! Dharw,ui ... Nat. Ahir. I Dhtdh 447 '" ilTehra. 500 Gahera or Gahira ... 448 Dbedh Dakhni _" Bedar. 501 Gah"i ... Bania. 449 Dhimar ... A caste, 502 Gahran ... Ahir. 450 Dhiwar ... Dhimar. 503 Gahra Rawat .. Do. 504 Gaikan ... Guwari. 45 1 Dhobi " I f~ caste. 45 2 Dhokhar "., Gond. 50 5 Gaiki ... Do. 453 Dhokra ... Nat. 506 Gaita ." Ganci. Dhole 454 ... Mang. •5°' I Gajulbalija .. Balija. 455 Dholi ,. A caste. 50~ Gakhand ... Gakkad. 50 9 Gakkau ." A minor cask. 456 Dholi Dewra ... Dholi. SrI) Ganda ... A caste. 457 Dbulia ... Dholi in Balaghat, Mandla, ~nd Raipur; :lnd Basor 51l Ganda Chikva ... Ganda. III Bila~[lur, Sakti, and 512 Gandhi '''1 A caste. Mandla. 513 Gandhmali ... ' A minor caste. 458 Dhulni .... Gond. 514 Gantlhrap ... Kasbi . 459 Dhundhunia ... Unclassified. 5T5 Gaudlawar ... KalaL Dhunia 460 '" Rahna. 5lG Gandli A caste, 461 Dhurgond ... Gond. 517 Gandli Telallga ... Gandli. , 462 Dhuri ... A caste. SIS Gangircdlu • .. 1 Kapewar. 46 3 Dhurwa . _ Gond. j'I 9 Gan grada ! Bania. 4641 Dhurwapradhan Pardhan. 520 Gaoli Ahir. 465 Dhusar Bania 52! Gaondi Bedar. 466 Dhusia Chan:ar. 522 Gaontia Ko!. 467 Dimmar ... Dhimar. 523 Gaoriya Sansia. 468 Diwar Devar. 524 Garhewal Mehra. 469 Doharia Mahar Mehra. 525 Garhwe "'J Kunbi. 470 Dohor A caste. 526 Garodi '''I Mang. 471 I Doksi l' Unclassified. 527 Garpagari '''1 A caste. 472 Dam .. , A caste. 528 Garndwar '''\ Mang. 473 \ Domganda Ganda. 529 Gasi .. ., Mali. 474 I Dora, Daura Good. Gaud 53° Ahir. 415 1 Doria '''i I '''I Do. - Serial. N arne of caste. Serial Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. No. ' Caste in which amalgamated. No. 1 I

5~' Gaulan ,.. Golar. S86 Gorukh ... Gorkha. 53.3 Gaur ... Rajput. 587 Gosain .. A caste. 533 Gautam ... Rajput or .Brahman as 5S8 *Gosangi ... A minor caste. indicdted bv other entries 589 Gosawi ... Gosain. in the schedule. 590 Goswami Do. 534 Gawai ." Bania (Gahoi). 535 Gawal .. , Ahir. 59' Gotalwar ... Kalar. 59 2 liotam ... Rajput. 536 Gawali Do. 593 Gotephod ... Waddar. 537 Gawari ... Gowari. 594 Gotfed .' Pathrat . 538 Gawel ... Kurmi. 595 Gowala ... Ahir. 539 Gavan ... Kasbi. 540 Gehra ." Ahir. 596 Gowali-Gaoli Do. 597 Gowari ... A caste. 54! Gentoo .. Balija~ 598 Guara .. Gowari 542 Ghacha ... Basor. 599 Gubar ... Banjara. 543 Ghadwa ... Kasar. 600 Guchar ... Gujar. 544 Ghaira, Gahra ... Ahir. 545 Gharuk ... Kahar. 501 Gudaria ]O!2.! ." Jogi. 602 Gudera Ahir ... Ahil. 546 Ghasi ... Ghasia. 603 Gujar " A caste. 547 Ghasia ... A caste. 604 Gujar Gand ... Gond. 54 8 Ghasnin ... Ghasia. 605 Gujrati .. Nat in Bastar, Kunbi in 549 Ghisadi ... Paneha!. Khandwa and Brahman 550 Ghoghia ." Gond. elsewhere. 606 Gujrati Baislod .. Bania. 55 1 Ghosi ... A caste. 607 Gulare ... Do. 55 l lihosi Raghubansi ... Ghosi. 608 Gundharia ... Banjara. 553 Ghusain ... Gosain. 609 Gunjwar .•. Unclassified. 554- Ginnora ... Rajput. 610 Guranda ... A minor (aste. 555 Girasya ... A minor caste. 61 I Gurao ... A caste. 556 Giri •. Gosain. 612 Guria or Gudia ... Halwai. 557 Gobi ... Unclassified. 613 Guruba ... Gurao. 558 Godaraya ." Gosain. 614 Gurud K~pewar " Kapewar . 559 Godri ... Do. 615 Guruk ... Kabar. 560 Goha ... Goanese. 616 Guwal .. Ahir. 561 Gohil ... Rajput. 617 Guwalbans ... Do . 562 Gobni .. Unclassified. 618 Gwal ... Do. 563 Golak ... Brahman. 619 Gwala ... Do . 564 Golan ... Golar. 620 Gwal Lamana ." ·Banjara . 565 Golandaz ... Kadera. 621 Gwar Do. 566 Golapurab .. Bania. 622 Gwara .. Gowari. 567 Golar ... A caste. 623 Gwar Gond ... Gond . 568 Goli ... Ahir. 569 Golkar ... Golar. 570 Golla ... Do. H 571 Gond ... A tribe. 572 Gondgaiki ... Gowari. 573 Gond guara ... Do. 574 Gondhali .• A caste. 624 Hada ... Rajput. 575 Gondia ... Ahir. 625 Haihaiyavansi Do .

576 Gondi Lohar ... Lohar. 626 I Hajjam ... Nai . 577 Gond Khatuliya ... Gond. 627 Halba .. A tribe . 578 Do. Kurka ... Sawara. 628 Halbi ... Halba . 579 Do. Lakhtor .. , Gond. 629 Halwai ... A caste. 580 Gondli ... Gondhali. 630 Halwi .. Halba .

581 Gond Pardhan ... Pardhan. 631 Hammal ... Marath . 582 Do. Thakur ... Gond. 632 t-Iarbola .. Basdewa. 583 Gopal ... Nat. 6'\3 Harnas ... Chitrakathi . 584 Goria ... Sansia. 6304 Hardiha ... Kachhi. 585 Gorkha ... A minor caste. 635 Harna ... Hirna.

• A bra nch of Redan. 41

Serial II _ Name of calte. Caste ill which amalgamated. sNerOi_a._1 ~ No. Ca3te in which amalgamated.

------.~- .. -- .------~~~~:---~~~~~~-~ 636 Hatgar .. A caste. 6861 ]ogi Kewat .. Kewat. 637 Hela .. A minor caste. 687 Jogi Nath Jogi. 638 Helamehtar Hela. 688 Johri A minor caste. 639 Her Ahir. 68':1 Jokhara Do. 640 Hit1du Buchar Khatik. 690 Josbi ". A caste_

IJindusthani Rao ... Bll at. 691 Jukhara Jokhara Hirna A minor tribe. 692 Julaha A caste. Holya Golar. 693 Julha ]ulaba HoswaI Bania (Oswal:. 694 Jusia Chamar.

K

6g5 Kabirpanthi Bairagi 645 19arhari .. Bania (Agrahari). 696 Kabuli Musalman. 6(n Kabutari .. Nat. 646 Igrari Do. 698 Kachar Kachera. 647 Illia A minor caste. 699 Kachchhi Cutchi 641$ Injhwar Binjhwar. 700 Kachrra A caste. 649 Ira Mushti Bairagi. 650 Irgopal Nat. 701 Kachhi Do. 702 Kachhi Alkari Kachhi. 65 r Isab Unclassified. 703 Kachhi Alya Do. 652 l.laRl Mllsalman. 704 Kachhi\'a Do. 70S Kachhma Rajput J 706 K..tchhwaha Do. 653 Jadam Rajput. 707 Kadera A caste. 654 Jadia .. Unclassified. 708 Kaderin Kadera. 655 Jaduwansi Gwal Ahir. 709 Kadia Beldar. 710 Kadoria Unclassified. 656 Jagat Gond Gond. 657 Jagri Ganda .. Gauda. 711 Kahar A caste. 658 Jaini Bania. 712 Kahar Bhoi Kahar. 659 Jaiswar Chamar. 713 Kahra Do. 660 Jaiwar ... Rajput. 714 Kaicha .. A minor caste. 7'5 Kaikadi Do. 661 Jalkacla "'1' Rajput (Dhakar). 662 Jamidar Naiclu ... Balija. 716 Kaiwart I Do . 663 Jangam ,'. A caste. 717 Kaji Musalman. 664 JapgrA ... \ Lodhi and also Rajput. 718 Kajia Vnclas~ified . 66, Jautu . , . Balija. 7 19 K~ kaigir Kakera. 720 Kakera A minor caste . 66~ 1 Jara Sawar ... 1 Sawara. 667 Jargal .. . 1 Unclassified. 721 Kakeri' Kakera. 668 Jasondhi ... A minor castt'. ]22 Kalajia •. Ahir . 669 Jat ... 1 A caste. 723 Kalal Kalar. 670 Jati .. i Bairagi. 724 Kalandar Fakir. 725 Kalanga A minor tribe. Jatwa or Jatuwa .. Chamar. Jhadi ... Goud. 726 Kalanki Blahman. ]hamral ... Mang. 727 Kalar A caste. Jhanjar "'1 Unclassified. 728 Kalauta Kasbi. Jharaya ... Ahir. 729 Kalawat Do. i 730 KaHan A minor caste. Jhariya .. 'I Teli. Jhawala '" Banjara. 731 Kalata Kasbi. Jhiria ... Teli. 732 Kalwar ... Kalar. Jhora or Jhara ... 1 Sonjhara. 7~3 Kamad A minor caste •. Jingar · .. 1 A caste. 734 Kamar A tribe. 735 Kamari Kamar. Jin Kachchh Mochi.. Mochi. lirayat Jingar. 736 Kamaria ...\ Ahir. Jiri' Mali. 737 Kamathi '" A minor caste. Jogi A caste. 738 Kamekar Unclassified. Jogi Gusain Gorakh· Jogi. 739 Kamkar Kahar. nath. 740 Kamma A minor caste 42

Serial Serial \ Name of ca~te. Caste in which amalgamated. Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. No. No. I I I ---_._----< I 741 Kamma Baru ... Kamma. /" 742 Kamnigir ... Unclassified. 796 Khadelwar .. , Bania (Khandelwal). 743 Kamod ... Kumawat. 797 Khadia ... A minor caste. 8 Khadra Do. 7H Kanadi .. ' A minor caste, 79 .. ' 745 Kandh-Khond ... ,\ tribe. 799 Khairua ... Kharwar. 800 Khairwa ... Do. 746 Kandra ... Basor . 747 Kandri .. Do, 801 Khairwar ... Do. 8 Kandu .. Bharbhunja, 802 Khalifa .. ' Darji. 74 A minor caste. 749 Kangar ", /\ minor caste, 803 Khandait .. , Fakir. 80 Khandelwal .. Bania. 7So Kangir . " 4 805. Khangar ... A caste. 75 1 Kanjar .. A minor caste. 2 Kanjhar ... Kanjar. 806 Khanjar ... )\Jnjar. 75 Kundera. 753 Kankar ... Kangar. 80 7 Kharadi ... Kumhar in SoS Khar Gond Gond. Kanojia '" Ahir in Seoni, '. 754 Kabar. Raipur, and Chamar In 80g Khari .. ' Drug. Sro Kharia .. A minor tribe. 755 Kanlharu ... Unrlas~ificd. SIl Kbarra .. Khadra. Rajput. 756 Kaoll'ra .... A caste. 812 Kharsania ..' A tribe. 757 Kapali ... A minor caste. S13 Kharwar 75 8 Kapari ... Bania . 81 4 Khati Lahar. 81 Khatik A caste. 759 Kaparia .. , Kapali, 5 .. 760 Kapewar Iilr Kapu ... A caste . 816 Khatri .. Do • (jond. 761 Kapu , .. Kapcwar. 81 7 Khaturaya 762 Kapuwar ... 011. 318 Khawas ... Nai. 81 Khawasc .,. A minor caste. 763 Kapuwaru ~ .. Do. 9 764 Karajgar ... A minor caste. gzo Kherwar ... Kharwar. 765 Karan ... Do . 821 I Khoja .../ A minor caste. .. , Unclassified. 766 Karan lIabanti .. Karan . 822 Khokal 767 Karchuli 323 Khujia ... Do. '''\ Rajput. Do . 768 Karnali ... Nat. 824 Kileri .. A caste. 769 Kasai '" A caste. 82 5 Kir .. ' 77 0 Ka~ar ... Rania (Kasarwani) Christian. 826 Kirani .. ' Kirar A caste. 77 1 Kasar .. ' A caste. 827 .. 772 Kasban .. Kasbi, ·828 Ki,~an ... Nagasia. 773 Kasbi ... A minor caste. 829 Kisba ... Kasbi. 774 Kasbin Kasbi. f\3° Kisball .. Do. ns Kaser Kasar. ii3! Kisbi .. Do . Do. 776 Kashisargihirwar .. Rajput (Gaharwar). 8"2.1 Kiswa ... 777 Kasonrlha ... Bania. 833 Koda ,.. Oraon. Kassaw Kodali Unclassified. 77 8 .. ' Kasai. 834 .. Kohar Kumhar. 779 Kaswa .. Kasbi. 830, '" 780 Kateri .. Unclassified . 836 Kohli or Koiri .. A caste . 781 Kathak .. A minor casle, 837 Kohri .. Kohli. Kohtur .. Gond. 112 Kathikar .. Do . 8~8 Bas- 8 Kathri Unclassified. 83() Koi .. Gond in Chanda and 7 3 tar, and Koli ill Berar. 784 Katia .. A ca3tc . Koira Do. 785 Katipaplu .. ' Jogi . 840 ...

786 Kauora ... Ahir. 84! Koiri .. Kohli. 787 Kaura ... Do, 842 Kol .., A tribe. 788 Kautil ... Bhil. 843 Kolabhuti ... Gond. 18.9 Kawar ... A tribe. 844 Kolam ... A tribe. 7.90 Kayasth .. A caste. 845 Kolata!! ... Nat.

79 1 Kavet ... Kayasth. 846 Kolbhoi .., Ko!' 792 Keoti ... Kewat. 847 Kolbhutni ... Gond. 793 Keshadb

Seri"j Name 01 caste. No. Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated.

--' .. ------__,." 851 Kolita 852 Kolni gOI ; L1\dhia Beldar. 853 Kolta .. A caste. 902 . Ladwan :\iehra. 85~ Komti Do. 903 . Lahgera Kari. 855 Kond 904 Lahoti Unclassified. ... I' Kbond • i 905 Lahudia .. Dhimar. 856 Kondar ... 1 Kharwar . 857 Kondia ... ' Khond. 906 I Lajjhad ., Rajjnar. ::58 Kori A caste. 907 I Lakhara Lakhera. 859 Korku .. A tribe. 908 i Lakhari Do. 860 Korka Gond Sawara (in Damoh). 909 I Lakher Do. 9 IO . Lakhera A caste.

861 Korwa A tribe. \ 862 Korwala Banjara. 9Il i Lakheri Lakhera. 863 Kosaria Ahir. 912 \ Lakhtora " Gond. 864 Kosaria Rawat Do. 9[3 Lala Kayasth m North, and I 86~ Koshti .. A caste. Kalar in South. 9141 Lalbegi A minor caste. 866 Koskati Do. 915 Lalbegi Bhaugi Lalbegi. 867 Kotil .. Bhi!. 568 Kotwar .. Khangar in Khurai tahsil 916 Lalkhatri Khatri. of Saugor, Mehra i 9'7 Lamana Banjara. Betul, Mandla, Hoshang­ 918 Lamana Gwar Do. abaci and Chhindwara, 919 Lanja ~ GOlld in Raigarh and Sakti Chadar in Banda tahsil and Nai in Surguja. of Saugor, Balahi inl 920 Lanja Bhat Gond. Khandwa, and Ganda inl 921 Laria .. Ahir in Seoni, and Chamar Bilaspur. I in Nandgaon. 869 Kova .. Gond. ~ 922 Lasri Unclassified. 870 Koyal .. 1<01. i 923 Lawall Banjara. :1 924 Le\\'a )\' lIn~i. 87 i Koyala bhuti .. Gond. 925 ! Lilagir l~alJgari . 872 Krishnal)iikshi Bidnr. 873 Kshatri)~a Rajput. 926 Lingayat . I Bania. 874 Kuchbandhia A minor caste. 927 Lingdhari ... Bar.ia (Lir.gayat). 875 Kulati Nat. 928 Lodha Lodhi. 929 !.odhi A cast". 876 Kuli Kori. 930 Lonhi Thakur Lodhi 877 Kulia Chamar. 878 Kulmi Kurmi. 93 r Lohana Bania. 87') Kulta ... ' Kolta. 932 Lohar A caste . S80 Kumawat ... A minor caste. 933 Lohar Barhai Sarhai. . 934 Lohari Goud Lahar. 881 I Kumbhar ... : Kumhar. 935 Lohar kora Do. 882 Kumhar .. >A caste. 883 Kumrawat .. : A minor caste. 936 Lohra Do.

884 Kunbi ... J A caste. 937 Lonari A minor calte. 8g5 Kunde", ... i A minor caste. 938 Londhari Do 939 Loni Nunia.

886 Kunjra .~ .: Do . 940 Lonihar Rania (Rauniharl. 887 Kuramwar ".! A caste. 888 Kureshi ... 1 A minor caste. 941 Lorha ... Rajput (Tomar). 889 Kuria .. Kori. 942 Lunia Nunia. 890 Kurka Sawara lil Damoh, and 943 Luwar Lohar. Oraon in Bastar. 891 Kurka Gond Sawara. 892 Kurku ... Korku. M 893 Kurmi A caste. 894 Kurukh Oraon. 944- Mabhiwar •.. ,Majhwar. 895 Kusta Koshti. 945 Machharha Ahir Ahir. 896 Kutubshahi A minor caste. 946 Madari Nat. 897 Kutwal Katia. 947 Madgi A caste. L 948 Madrasi Bhoi '" Soya. 898 Labhan or Labhana , .. Banjara. 949 Madya ... Gond. 899 Labhani • Do. 95° Magabiya IO' Dhobi. goo Lad BaDia~ 44

I / 951 Maha Brahman Brahman. 1006 Marathe ... 1 Maratha. 951 Mahajan Bania. 1007 Maretha ... ; Do. 953 Mahajan Gangard Do. 1008 Mari . •• : Good in Bastar and Chhind· 954 Mahali Mahli. I wara, and Mali in Betal. Mahanti .. Karan. 955 1009 Maria ... 1 Gond. 1010 Marori ... : A minor caste. 6 95 Mahapatra Brahma!l. I 957 Mahar Mehra. iOI I ! Martha .. ! Mehra.

958 Maharashtra Brahman. 1012 I Maru Bhat Lamana ... 1 Banjara. ! ~1' lB' 959 Maheshri ,~" Bania. 1013 , l\ arwan "'1 allla. 960 Mahli "'1 A minor caste. IOI4 I Marwari KlJmhar .. I Kumhar. I lOIS! Marwari Maheshri .. ,i Bania. Mahra .. , I Mehra. I Mahton ",' MUllda. 1016 : Marwari Mali .. ,: Mali . Maiman .. ,! Cutchi. DI7 I Marw~ri Oswal .. ) Bania. Maina .• I Deswali, !OIR i Mataha . ... I Sonjhara . Majhi ... ' Gond. 1019 i Mauwar .. l Rajwar. , 1 , 1020 I MawaSl ." i Korku. 966 Majhia, Machhiwar .. : Majhwar. 967 Majhwar ... r A ca"te. 1021 : Mehar ...i Mehra. 968 Makhiyar .. I Mehtar. 1022 : Mehklll .. Ahir. 969 Makivar Do. 1023 I Mehra A caste. 970 Mak~ti .. ,! Linclassified. IO~4 I ;\1 ehtar Do. 1025 I Mehtar Lalbegi Lalbegi. 971 Mal "'1 A minor tribe. 972 Mala ... , A caste, 1036 I ~Ielwat . "I Unclassified . 973 Malabari ... ! A minor caste. 1027 i Meman .. '1 Cutchi. 974 Malar ... 1 Kasar. 1028 i Meo ... A minor caste . 975 Maiha ... Mallah. 1029 Merpanclia Mehra. 1030 Mesri Bania (Maheshri). 976 Malhar .. ! Do. 977 Mali '''1 A caste. rO]1 Mewafarosh Kunjra. 978 I Malhyar "I :Vialyar. 1032 Me\\'ati r..leo. 979 Maliya Mali. 1033 Mhali A caste. 980 Maliyar Malyar. 1034 Mhar Mehra. 1035 Mijawal Unclassified. 981 Malia ... , Mallah. 982 Mallah "'1 A caste. 1036 Mina ... Deswali. 9831 Malyar " A minor caste. 1037 Mirasi .' A minor caste. 984 Mana ... j A caste. 1038 Mirdaha .. Gone . 985 Manbhao "'1 Do. 1039 Mirgan Mehra. 1040 I Mirza ... MusalmaD. 986 Manewad ... 1 Mannewar. 987 Mang .. A caste. 104 1 Milhya .. Halwai. 988 Mangan .. A minor caste. 1042 Mochi ... A caste. 989 Mangia .. Ganda. 1043 Modi Bania. 990' Mangia Ganda Do. 1044 Mod Teli Teli. 1045 Mogal Musalman. 991 Mangtha ... , Chamar. 992 Mangwal •. : Unclassified. 1046 Moghe or Moghia " Pardhi . 993 Manhar ... i Manihar. 1047 Moharia .. Ganda. 994 Manihar ... : A caste. 10.}8 Molwi .. Musalman. 995 Mankar ... ;'K orku. 1049 Moman Julaha. 10"0;, Momin Do. 996 Mannewar ... A minor tribe. 997 Marahta ... 1 ~laratha. 10"tJ Mori .. [-{ajput. 998 Marahta Chhatri ... ! D0. 1052 Mowar Rajwar. Vellalan . 999 . Marahta Dakhini ., i Do. 1053 Mudalvaro 1000 Marahti Kurmi ... ! Kunbi. 1054 Mudia .. Murha . 1055 Muciiha Do. 1001 Marahta Somas Mehra. I 1002 Maral .. Mali. 1056 Mugal Irani Mogba\. 100 lV 3 Marar .. II Do. 1057 I Ju glani ... \ Do . 1004 Maratba A caste. 1058 Mukasdar ... Gond. 100 Maratha Dhedh 10 .. Ban ji\fa. 5 :::1 Mrhra. 59 'I Mukeri I 1060 Mul!ya~ ... VelUall. ----~------~------~----~------,-----.------45

Serial Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. Serial Name of caste, No. No. Caste in which amalgamated.

f061 Munda A minor tribe, 1111 Nihalor Nahal A tribe, 1062 Munnar Tilanga Kapel\"ar, IlI2 Nihala Nahal. 1063 Munarwar Do. 1113 Nikumbh Rajput. 106 4 Murai " Kachhi. 1114 Nilgar Chhipa. 1065 Murao Do. I US Nona Chamar.

1066 Murha '. A minor caste. IIl6 Nonari Londhari, J067 Muria Gand. 1117 Nania Nunia. 1068 Mursad ... Musalman. [118 Noniar Bania (Raunihar). 1069 Musli Unclassified, 1119 Nunia' A minor caste. 1070 Muslim t'vlusalman.

1071 Mutraj Telallga Mutrasi. 1072 Mutras Do, 1073 Mutrasi A minor ca.te. 107+ Muwasi Korkll. 1 120 I OJ A minor caste.

1 12 I ~ Odharia '. Audheiia. N 1122 i Odhil Waddar. 1123 ' Ocliya " Od. J 124 Ojha A minor caste. 1075 Nagar ". Brahman. 1 [25 Ojhia ... Ojba.

1076 Nagarchi .. A caste. 1126 Ojhwar ... Binjhwar. 1077 Nagarsi Mang. 1127 Omar Bania (U mre). 10;8 0iagasia .' ;\tribe. 1128 Orann A tribe . 1079 Nagbansi .. ! Nagasia in Cliuta j\'a,:pur Il29 Oriva Od. Sta,es and Raillnt else- 113c Os\~al Bania. wbere, 10 . 1080 Nagbansia Do. J 13! I ·tan ... A caste. 1132 i Otkar "', Ot!lri, r08! Nagbasi Do. I!33 I Otkari I Do. 1082 ~aghasia Do, 1t34 i Olldhiya Sunar. 1083 Nagvansi Do, 113) ! Ozya Ojha. 1084 Nahal A tribf. I 1085 Nahar Baiga in Plateau Districts,; and Rajput elsewh('re. I

1086 Nai A caste. 1136 Pab ... Pabia. 1087 Naidoo Balija. 1137 Pabia ... A caste. 1088 Naik .. Banjara. 1138 Pabra "'1 Pabia. lC,Sg Naikada .. Bhi!. 1139 Padar '" Rajput. 1090 ~\aikar .. A minor tribe. 1140 ! Paclat .. I Unclassified.

1091 i Naik Banjar:~ Banjara. 1141. Padka Panka. 1092 Naikul Bova. 114 2 i PadW3l' . ,,; Rajput (Parihar). 1093 N akLar or Nakhia Ah·ir. , 1143 . Padyar ... i Do. 1094 Nanak ... N anakshahi 1144 Pabad or Pahar .. : :\1ali. 1095 Nanaksa Do. 1 r 45 Pahi!wan or Pahalwan l Nat. I 1096 Nanakshahi A minor caste. 1146 I P.3.ik ...! A caste. Ko]. 1097 Naoghana 1147 P"illpaliwar '''i Mala: 1098 Naora " A minor casle. 1 148 • Pajflli .. i Paral\'an. 1099 Nargarhia I< uchbandhia. 1149 I Pakhali . .. 1 Bhisti

1100 Naru A minor caste. IlSO i Pal ... 1 Rajput (Chauhanj. ,

1101 Nat Do. II SI ! Pal am war . I Velama. 1102 Nat Firista Nat. I 152 Paliha Bhui,nhar. 1103 Nath Jogi. J 153 Paliwar Dhirllar. 11('4 Nath Bbartari .. Do. 1154 PalliwaI Bania . 1105 Natiya .. Nat. 1155 Pamar Ra~put.

1106 Nau Nai. lIS6 Pan Panka. . 1107 Na\'ar A minor caste, II 5i Panara .. Barai. 1108 Nerna Bania. , 1158 Pancha '''1 A minor caste, 1109 Nepali .. rzajput. 1159 Pande ... ' Kumhar. IIlO [\havi .. i\'ai. 1160 Pandit '''1 Brahman.

47

Serial: Serial Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. No. I No: ~---.~----

126r Sahis Ghasia in Ch~attisgarh and 16 13 Singaroda " Dhimar. Chamar III Northern 13 17 Sipi ... Darji. districts. 13 18 Sird::r Kawar. 1262 Sahisbakharia Mehra. 13 19 Sisodia Rajput. 1203 Sahisgond Gond. 13 20 Solanki Do. 1264 Sain .. Fakir. 1~65 Saitwal ." Bania. 1321 Solha ... A minor caste. 1322 Somaiya ... Bania. 1266 Saiyad ... Syed. 1323 Somasi ... Mehra. 1267 Sakataha Panka. 13 24 Somwansi ... RajpLh:. 121'\8 Sakori Kori. 13 25 Sonjhara ... A minor caste. 1269 Salawat Beldar. 12 0 Salewar 7 "rali. 13 26 Sonjharia ... Sonjhara. 13 27 Sor ." Sawara. [27! Sali ... A cast~. 1328 Sora Do. 12 72 Salve ... Sali. 13 29 Sud A minor caste. 12 73 Samari ... Nai. 1330 Sudra Unclassified. ,274 Sanadh ... Brahman. 1275 Sanjogi I •• Jog~. 133 1 Sunar A caste. 1332 Sundi Do. [2~6 Sansia ... A miner caste. 1333 Sunkar Beldar in Northern districts 1277 Saotal A minor tribe. and Mali in Chhattillgarh. 12 70 Sanyasi l3airagi. 1334 Surajwansi Kalar in Chhindwara and 1279 Saonr Sawara. Betul, and Rajput else- [280 Saonta A caste. when'. 1335 Surki Rajput. 1281 Sarangia Kashi. 1282 Saraogi Bania. 1336 Surti Kalar. 12~3 Saraswar ". Rajput. 1337 Suryawansi Rajput. 1284 Sardar ... il(awar. 1330 Sutar Barhai. 128 5 Sargara ... A minor caste. r "1286 Sarodi .. Joshi. 1287 Satal)i i\ minor caste. 1339 I Tadvi ... Bhil. 1288 Sathras"hi Fakir. 1340 Tagwale .. Kangar. 1289 Sathwara Unclassified. I Sawara. 1290 ~aur 13+ 1 Takankar .. Takari. [34 2 Takari A caste. 120' SaIVara or Saonr A tribe. 1343 ralkute Kamad. 129J Sehare Kalar. 1344 Tambtakar ... Tamera. "LJ an.. 12 93 Sejbari 13+5 Tamera ... A caste. 1294 Sengar .'" Rajput. J295 Sewak ... A minor caste. 1346 Tamer Bharewa •.. Tamera. 1347 Tamoli ". Barai. 1296 ;Shah ... Fakir. 1348 Tankara .. Takari. 1297 iShegar ... A minor caste. Tan Sarangi Kasbi. Shaikh Musalman. 1349 ... 12g8 I Shekh 1350 Tanti A minor caste. 1299 Shik Sikh. 1300 S hikari Parrlhi III Raipur and 1 Tanwar Kawar. Bahelia in Mandla. 135 ... 135 2 Tapi ... Unclassified. 1353 Tarakibar ... Manihar. '30 [ Shilat Beldar. Telanga Naik Boya. Kachera. 1354 ... 1302 Shishgara 1355 1'eli .oo A caste. 1303 Shiwa Brahman Gurao. Bania. 1304 Shravagi 1356 Thakur •.. Rajput in Central Provinces 1305 Sbrimali Do. and Bhat ill Berar. Thanapati ... Gandhmali. 06 Shirvasta va Kayasth. 1357 13 1358 Th:lllwar ... Ghasia. 13 0 7 Siddi ... A minor caste. Tbather .oo Tamera. 08 Pardhi. 1359 13 Sikari 1360 Thathia •.. Gond. 1309 Sikh :~. A minor caste. 10 Do. 13 Sikligar 1361 Thathwar . .. Ahir. 136z Thob ." Unclassified. 1! Silot Beldar. I3 1363 Thoria ... Banjara. 12 Silwat or Silawat Do. 13 1364 Tboti .. GOlld. 1 Simpi Darji. 13 3 1365 Tholi Burud .... Basor, 13 14 Sinduria Nagasia_ 13 15 Singarha Dhimar. Serial )1 Serial Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. No. Name of caste. Caste in which amalgamated. No.

----_._------_-- ~-~----I-~~~- -.-~--~_-.------;------.------1366 Thudia ... Banjara • 1396 Vellalan .. A minor caste, 1367 Tilanga Mala. 1397 Vellalar VelIaIan 1368 Tilanga Mandraji Do. 1398 Vidur Bidur. 1369 Tirmali A minor caste. 1399 Viratia Bhat. 0 Tiyar , 1400 Virwa Unclassified. 137 Do. i 137 1 Tomar ... Rajput. i qOI Vishnu mat .. Bairagi. 137 2 Turak ... MusaIman. I 1402 Vojha Ojha. 1373 Turi •. , A caste. 140 3 Votkar ... Otari. 1374 Turia ... Turi. 1404 Votkari Do . 1375 Turk Musalmar.. ~ ~405 Vyadha BaheIia. 1376 Tuwar .. Rajput (Tomar) . I W ! U 1406 Waddar ... A caste. 1: 14 0 7 Waghe ... Waghya. 1377 Udasi Nanakshahi. i14 08 Waghya A minor caste. 1378 Udhlia or Udharia AudheIia. ~ 1409 Wani ... Bania. Ujir 1379 ... Dhobi. ,i 14 10 Wanjari A caste. 1380 Umre Bania. , , , 141 I Wasudeo ... Gondhali. 13 81 Uppari A minor caste. 13 82 Upparwan Uppari. X 13 83 Uria .. , Od. Nit. V

[384 Vadar .. , Waddar. Y 13 85 VaddiI Do. 13 86 Vaidya A minor caste. 1;::87 Vais Bania. IJ!2 Yadava Rajput. 1388 Vaisanava ... Bairaji. 1413 Yelama Velama. 1389 Vaishnava Sadbu Do. 1414 YerukaJa .. A minor caste. 1390' Vaishya ... Bania. 139 1 Vajbe Ojha. z 1392 Vani Bania. 1.193 Varatha Dhobi. Nil. 1394 Vasudeo Basdewa. 1395 VeIama A minor caste.

\ 60vt. Press, Nagpllr :-No, 677, CensuI.-4·IO'2:1,-IIS,