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PRG 335 (N) 1,000

ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF

(WITH REFERENCE TO SCHEDULED & SCHEDULED TRIBES)

U.B. MATHUR OF THE RAJASTHAN STATISTICAL SERVICE Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, Rajasthan.

GANDHI CENTENARY YEAR 1969

To the memory of the Man Who spoke the following Words This work is respectfully Dedicated

• • • •

"1 CANNOT CONCEIVE ANY HIGHER WAY OF WORSHIPPING GOD THAN BY WORKING FOR THE POOR AND THE DEPRESSED ••••

UNTOUCHABILITY IS REPUGNANT TO REASON AND TO THE INSTINCT OF MERCY, PITY AND lOVE. THERE CAN BE NO ROOM IN OF MY DREAMS FOR THE CURSE OF UNTOUCHABILITy .•..

WE MUST GLADLY GIVE UP CUSTOM THAT IS AGA.INST JUSTICE, REASON AND RELIGION OF HEART. A CHRONIC AND LONG STANDING SOCIAL EVIL CANNOT BE SWEPT AWAY AT A STROKE: IT ALWAYS REQUIRES PATIENCE AND PERSEVERANCE."

INTRODUCTION

THE CENSUS Organisation of Rajasthan has brought out this Ethnographic Atlas of Rajasthan with reference to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This work has been taken up by Dr. U.B. Mathur, Deputy Census Superin­ tendent of Rajasthan. For the first time, basic information relating to this backward section of our society has been presented in a very comprehensive form. Short and compact notes on each individual and tribe, appropriately illustrated by maps and pictograms, supported by statistical information have added to the utility of the publication. One can have, at a glance. almost a complete picture of the present conditions of these backward communities. The publication has a special significance in the Gandhi Centenary Year. The publication will certainly be of immense value for all official and Don­ official agencies engaged in the important task of uplift of the depressed classes.

I congratulate Dr. U.B. Mathur and the State Census Organisation for this useful work. I also express my grate­ fulness to Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General of India and Dr. B.K. Roy Burman of the Central Census Organisa­ tion for inspiring and assisting this project.

JAIPUR MOHANLAL SUKHADIA 25th Sept. 1969 Chief Minister, Rajasthan FOREWORD

"ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF RAJASTHAN" is yet another valuable addition to the Census publications of Rajasthan. Needless to say, the Indian Census is one of the richest sources of ethnographic information. In the present book an attempt has been made to present some basic data on the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan as derived through the 1961 Census of India in a systematic and handy manner. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan have been neatly grouped according to their known traditional occupations and the basic demographic and cultural particulars of each community have been given, supplemented by an attractive little map showing the distribution of each community in the State. l have no doubt that this publication will be of great interest and utility to the social scientist, research scholar and the administrator alike. The credit for the compilation of this publication largely goes to the resourcefulness and enterprise of Dr. U. B, Mathur.

NEW A. CHANDRA SEKHAR August 29, 1969 Registrar General, India PREFACE

THE DEPRESSED and the weaker sections of our society were the closest to the heart of the father of our nation and all his life the Mahatma worked for their upliftment and called them Harijans-the God's own people. When the country became independent, the nation provided in the constitution some safeguards for promoting, with special care, their educational and economic interests and for protecting them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

More than twenty years have passed since the nation provided the constitutional safeguards for the uplift of these weaker sections of our society, called the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and it is necessary now to make an assessment of the progress made by these people. As statistical data is not available about the state of their affairs before this protection was provided, it is unfortunately not possible to measure the progress made by them during this period. The 1961 Census, however, collected some very valuable data, for the first time, on the conditions then obtaining which throws light, besides several demographic features, on their economic activity, state of literacy and levels of education attained by them. It provides a benchmark on which basis the progress achieved by each individual Scheduled Caste and Tribe can be evaluated in future every ten years when the Census of India is taken.

Very little information is available at present on the individual Scheduled Castes and Tribes. and whatever is available is not easily comprehensible. I, therefore, thought that an attempt in this direction would be worth-while and I have tried to present the available information in the pages which now follow in a form which may be found interesting by the readers.

In this work, a contribution to the GANDHI CENTENARY YEAR, I had the blessings of Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General, India, and Dr. B. K. Roy Burman. Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies, in the Registrar General's office to whom I express my deep gratitude. My indebtedness to Shri C. S. Gupta. Superintendent, Census Cperations, Rajasthan, who rrade his help and advice always available to me. is great and 1 thank him.

JAIPUR 26th January 1969 U. B. MATHUR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The fDllowing mem bers of staff assisted me in building up this work. I gratefully acknowledge their help and thank heartily.

In processing of material; SHRI S. R. LUHADIA SHRI N. K. PUROHIT SHRI R.C. BHARGAVA SHRI G.D. AGARWALA SHRI SHAMSHER SINGH SHRI S. P. KASHY AP SHRI R. A. GUPTA

In computation; SHRI R. N. VERMA SHRI WALl HYDER

In map preparation ; SHRI M. L. KUMAWAT SHRI D. L. VERMA SHRI G.L. VERMA SHRI R. S. SHARMA

In typing; SHRI P. C. TAMBI SHRI T.e. BASANDANI

In printing; SHRI M. M. GOYAL SHRI MOTI SINGH SHRI HASSAN MOHD. CONTENTS

Pages

FOREWORD vi

PREFACE vii

INTRODUCTORY NOTE ix

A - SCHEDULED CASTES OF RAJASTHAN

1. Castes traditionally associated with Leather 1 CHAMAR 4-5 2 MEGHWAL 6-7 3 BALAI 8-9 4 KHATIK 10-11 5 BOLA 12-13 6 BAIRWA 14-15 7 DHED 16-17 8 JINGAR 18-19 9 DABGAR 20-21 10 PASI 22

2. Castes traditionally associated with Scavenging 1 BHANG! 24-25 2 MEHTAR 26-27 3 VALMIKI 28-29 4 CHURA 30-31

3. Castes traditionally associated with Crafts I KOLI 34-35 2 SARGARA 36-37 3 MEHAR 38-39 4 GAWARIA 40-41 5 SALVI 42-43 6 GHANCHA 44-45 7 TIRGAR 46-47 8 KOOCHBAND 48

4. Castes traditionally associated with Music and Entertainment 1 DOM SO-51 2 KALBELIA 52-53 3 54-55 4 DHOBI 56-57 5 RAWAL 58-59 6 60-61 7 KAMAD 62-63 8 BADI 64-65 9 BAZIGAR 66-67 10 BANSPHOR 68-69 CONTENTS (concld.)

S. Castes traditionally associated with Criminal activities I BAWARIA 72-73 2 BAGRI 74-75 3 SANSI 76-77 4 KANJAR 78-79 5 80-81

6. Miscellaneous Castes I THORI 84-85 2 MAJHABI 86-87 3 DHANAK 88-89 4 GARODA 90-91 5 DHOBI 92-93 6 AHERI 94-95 7 SANTIA 96-97 8 CHANDAL 98 9 SARBHANGI 99 10 SINGlWALA 100

7. Unidentified Castes 1 BIRGI 102-103 2 BAJGAR 104-105 3 ADIDHARMI 106-107 4 BIDAKIA 108-109 5 GANDIA 110 6 GODHI 111 7 KHANGAR 112 8 MANG GAROm 113

B - SCHEDULED TRIBES OF RAJASTHAN MINA 116-117 2 BHIL 118-119 3 120-121 4 SAHARIYA 122-123 5 DAMOR 124-125 6 BHIL MINA 126-127

APPENDICES APPENDIX I-DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED CASTES IN THE URBAN AREAS 130 APPENDIX II-DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED TRIBES IN THE URBAN AREAS 138

• • • • ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

ABOUT SEVENTEEN per cent of the population in the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the State Rajasthan belongs to the Scheduled Castes and about and its various districts. It also indicates the proportions twelve per cent to the Scheduled Tribes. The table of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population to below shows the distribution of population belonging to the total population for each district.

DISTRIBUTION & PROPORTION OF SCHEDULED CASTES" SCHEDULED TRIBES

-- ---~------_------~ ----- ~- ~------_---- _---_--_- -- - -_------

Population of Percentage of Scheduled Population of Percentage of Scheduled State/District Scheduled Caste population to Scheduled Tribe population to Castes total population Tribes total population

2 3 4 5

RAJASTHAN 3,359.640 16.67 2,351,470 11.67

Ganganagar 297,368 28.66 2,208 0.21 2 65.982 14.84 1,034 0.23 3 Churu 119,144 18.08 3,262 0.49 4 99,146 13.78 1I,495 1.60 5 194,028 17.80 88,454 8.11 6 Bharatpur 245,672 21.36 32,627 2.84 7 210,948 22.36 209,931 22.25 8 Jaipur 323,493 17.oI 218,569 11.49 9 114,947 14.01 20.5t9 2.51 10 175,029 17.92 15.507 1.59 11 Tonk 105,754 21.25 57,699 1).59 12 18.939 13.50 4,566 3.25 13 125,314 14.15 18,328 2.07 14 163,169 17.45 2,879 0.32 15 Pali 144,150 17.89 38,218 4.74 16 Banner 90,215 13.88 34,883 5.37 17 Jalcr 90,650 16.57 44,128 8.07 18 67,113 19.05 74,087 21.03 19 Bhdwara 140.157 16.19 81,226 9.38 20 127,461 8.70 441,710 30.17 21 Chitorgarh )01,955 14.36 129,645 18.26 22 Ikngarpur 18,680 4.59 244,782 60.15 23 21,700 4.57 339,624 71.46 24 61,835 18.29 59,973 17.74 25 Kota 153,746 18.12 124.554 14.63 26 83.045 16.93 51,512 'lO.50

------"~ -~-~-----~~------~------_ -_------.------~------

xi DISPERSAL OF SCHEDULED CASTE POPUL.ATION

.~.".t ,.._.-. I . .__ . ./.~ .. /. i'.. , .. .",. _.,"",'. ,,.' ',:, ,~ .~

NOTE_-£,.:- .',,' II,,' 1"'10' •

CENSUS IU"/AST~

The largest number of Scheduled Caste population Jhunjhunu: Alwar, Rajgarh and Lachhmangarh tehsils of is found in followed by Ganganagar, district Alwar: Bharatpur, Weir and tehsils of Bharatpur and Sawai Madhopur districts. At the tehsil district Bharatpur; Rindaun, and Sawai level higher concentration of their population is observed Madhopur tehsils of : Amber, in a large number of tehsils. The Map above shows the , and tehsils of laipur dispersal of Scheduled Castes in Rajasthan at the tehsil district: Danta Ramgarh tehsil of : .... jmer level. Tehsils which have twenty thousand and more and Kekri tehsils of district Ajmer; Tonk tehsil of Tonk population belonging to the Scheduled Castes are district: Osian and tehsils of district Jodhpur; , Ganganagar: Padampur, , tehsil of district Nagaur; Desuri and Bali : and tehsils of district tehsils of district Pali; Barmer tehsil of : Ganganagar, tehsil of district Churu; Jalor and Jaswantpura tehsils of district Jalor aDd Jhunjhunu, . and tehsil~ of district Reodhar tebsil of district SirohL

xii PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED CASTES TO THE TOTAL POPULATION, 1961

\ ., . " . " .~

~ "" ·1j ,..,~ 1''' '>4.J.,I r \. ..,I, ':. .j ~ • I . ""

" '

EJ. 10·00 AND BELOW 0 - 10·01 15 00 15 01 2000 -~ 20·01 25·00 _ 25·01 AND ABOVE

The percentage strength of the Scheduled Caste Dudu, Sanganer, Bassi, Dausa, Sikrai, , and population to the total population is the highest ( 28.66 ) tehsils of district ]aipur; Rupnagar, , in Ganganagar district. There are a number of tehsils in and Kekri tehstls of district Ajmer; , Nawai. Rajasthan where the percentage strength of the Scheduled , Tonk and Deoli tehsils of district Tonk; Castes to the total population is 20 per cent or more. Merta tehsil of district Nagaur; tehsil of district Such tehsils are Karanpur, Ganganagar, Padampur, Pali; Sirohi and Reodhar tehsils of district Sirohi; Shah­ Hanumangarh, Raisinghnagar, Suratgarh, Nohar and pura tehsil of district . tehsil of of district Ganganagar; Kolayat tehsil of district Bundi; Itawa, Pipllja, Barol, Digod, Anta, district Bikaner; Sujan~arh tehsll of district Churu; Baran, , Kanwas and tehsils of Lachhmangarh tehsil of ; , , district Kota and Dag and Gangdhar tehsils of district Bharatpur, Weir, . Rupbas, Baseri, Bari and Jhalawar. The Map above indicates the distribution tehsils of district Bharatpur; Mahwa, Toda­ of tehsils by various ranges of the p:rcentage strength of bhim, . Nadauti, Bamanwas, Gangapur, Karauli, the Scheduled Caste population to total population Sapotra and tehsils of district Sawai Madhopur; obtaining therein.

xiii ,(" •" . _".f..._._ . . j DISPERSAL OF /- . "., SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION / .... ). __ I .. \._. .,r. I : .~ .""...... 0', ." .' .... -:, /.. ":<:-\ ) .. ' ...... ~...... ,. ,. . , ."..._,__.. .r· '-' 1" i ..

NOTE - EACH DOT REPRESENl

(E.NSUS• RAJASTHAN

The largest number of Scheduled Tribe population is tehsils of district Sawai Madhopur; Jamwa Ramgarh, found in followd by districts Banswara, Baswa, Bassi, Dausa and Lalsot tehsils of district Jaipur. , Jaipur and Sawai Madhopur. At the tehsil Bali tehsil of district PaIi; and level higher concentration of their population is tehsils of district Sirohi; tehsil of district observed in a large number of tehsils. The Map above Bhilwara; , Girwa, Kotra, , Lasadia, shows the dispersal of Scheduled Tribes in Rajasthan at Sarada, and Kherwara tehsils of Udaipur the tehsil level. Tehsils which have twenty thousand district; Pratapgarh and Achneca tehsils of Chitorgarh and more population belonging to the Scheduled Tribes district; Dungarpur, Aspur and tehsils of are Rajgarh and Lachhmangarh tehsils of district Alwar: district Dungarpur and Ghatol, Garhi, Banswara, , Karauli, Malarna Chaur and Sawai Madhopur Bagidora and KushaIgarh tehsils of district Banswara.

xi" TO THE TOTAL POPULATION. 1961

O"'L o t 00 "tto etLOlr t----l 101 I~O~

_ IS 01 1000

§ 300l "SOO

~ AS 01 6000

_ 6001 .... !'to AIOVE

The percentage strength of the Scheduled Tribe popula­ Girwa. Kotra, Phalasia, Lasadia. Sarada, Sa lumbar and tion to the total population is the highest ( 71.46) in Kherwara tehsils of district Udaipur; Bhainsrorgarh. district Banswara. There are a number or tehsils in Chhoti , Pratapgarh and Achnera tehsils of district Rajasthan where the percentage strength of the Scheduled Chitorgarh; Dungarpur, Aspur and Sagwara tehsils of Tribes to the total population is 20 per cent or more. district Dungarpur; Ghatol, Banswara, Bagidora and Such tehsils are Rajgarh tehsil of Alwar district: Mahwa. tehsils of district Banswara; Talera tehsil of Todabhim. Nadauti. Bamanwas. Sapotra. Malarna Chaur . district Bundi; Itawa, Kishanganj, Shahbad and and Sawai Madhopur tehsils of district Sawai Madhopur; Cbhipabarod tehsils of district Kota and tehsil Jamwa Ramgarh. Bassi, Dausa, Sikrai and Lalsot tehsils of district Ihalawar. The Map above indicates the of Jaipur district; tehsil of district Tonk; Pind­ distribution of tebsils by various ranges of the percen­ wara and Abu Road tehsils of district Sirohi; Jahazpur tage strength of the Scheduled Tribe population to tehsi 1 of district Bhilwara: Kumbhalgarh, Gogunda, total population obtaining therein.

xv According to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled to some areas and some are exclusive for a region. The Tribes Lists ( Modification) Order, 1956 some 55 castes pages that now follow presents short notes on the inctivi­ are listed as Scheduled Castes for Rajasthan except dGal communities included in the lists of Scheduled , Abu Road taluka of and Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Sunel Tappa of . 38 castes are The communities listed as Scheduled Castes have been Scheduled for the Ajmer district, 24 for Abu Road grouped in various categories viz. castes traditionally taluka and 25 for the Sunel Tappa region. In case of associated with leather. castes traditionally associated the Scheduled Tribes 6 tribes are listed for Rajasthan with scavenging etc. etc. except Ajmer district, Abu Road taluka and Sum:l Tappa. 2 are Scheduled for Ajmer di~trjct, 19 for Abu Road The Map accompanying each note shows the dispersal taluka and 3 for Sunel Tappa region, of the community in the rural areas of the State at the tehsil level. Appendices at the end of the book show Some of the communities, included in these lists for the distributIon of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes various regions, are common throullhout, some common in the urban areas by various districts of the State.

xvi A -SCHEDULED CASTES OF RAJASTHAN

1. CASTES TRADITIONALLY ASSOCIATED WI'IH LEATHER CHAMAR

(also called BbalDbhJ, Jada, Jatav, Mochi, Raigar, Raielas and RalDeiasia)

THE WORD Chamar is derived from the 'Charmkar' meaning a worker in hides and the communities which compose this group are variously known as Bhambhi, Jatia, Jatav, Mochi,~Raigar, Raidas and Ramdasia. Bhambhis which are believed to have some miscegenation with Jats are known as Jatias and those POPULATION BY REUGION with Yadavs are called Jatavs. Mochi is the name of the occupation, Religions Persons signifying a worker in tanned leather as distinguished from a tanner. Raigars Rural Urban are a branch of the Chamars and have two important sects viz. Raidas and Ramdasia-followers of venerable saints of the same name. There Total 1,336,200 118,302 are around 1455 thousand persons in the community and their distribution 1. 1,333,568 118,221 by the rural and urban areas of the State are given in the table alongside. 2. 2,632 81 The group of Chamars forms 43.29 per cent of the entire Scheduled Caste population of the State. Most of them profess the Hindu religion. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is as under: AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Never married Married Age-group Total Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 759,332 695,170 351,938 262,231 374,247 370,915 31,598 60,971 I,no 350 389 703 0-14 319,659 294,991 300,344 253,426 18,396 41,096 418 234 270 44 231 191 15-44 325,601 303.660 48,114 8,336 267,078 279,913 9,694 14,820 600 174 115 417 45+ 113,653 96,133 3,180 135 88,713 49,863 21,481 45,915 240 132 39 88 Age not stated 419 386 350 334 60 43 5 2 4 7 They cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers, manufacture leather goods and do the tanning and currying of hides and skins. In urban areas, they also work as masons, and are engaged in trade and commerce, transport and in sundry occupa­ tions as would be seen from the following table: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 51.45 60.30 41.78 61.02 43.80 52.25 18.74 As Cultivator 34.89 39.14 30.24 42.08 32.48 6.31 4.67 As Agricultural Labourer 5.57 5.85 5.27 6.29 5.61 0.88 1.30 In Mining, Quarrying, Liv..:stock etc. 0.83 1.21 0.42 1.23 0.44 0.95 0.25 In Household Industry 5.16 7.10 3.03 6.54 2.82 13.31 5.51 In Manufacturing 0.95 1.51 0.33 0.77 0.14 9.86 2.49 In Construction 0.75 1.24 0.22 0.71 0.15 7.17 0.97 In Trade & Commerce 0.17 0.29 0.05 0.15 0.04 1.88 0.21 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.22 0.41 0.01 0.19 om 2.88 0.04 In Other Services 2.91 3.55 2.21 3.06 2.11 9.01 3.30 Non-workers 4855 39.70 58.22 38.98 56.20 47.75 81.26

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS General literacy is low (6.2 per cent) in the community. Educational levels Persons Males Females While it is 11.4 per cent in case of males it is only 0.6 per cent among the females. A. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMONG CHAMARS (i) Illiterate 99,606 45,801 53,805 (ii) Literate, without educational level 16,653 14,645 2,008 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 1,430 1.310 120 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 565 531 34 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas 5 4 (vi) University and technical degrees 43 43 B. In Rural Are-as lout 0(9 lout of 169 Levels of education are low and specially very low among (i) Illiterate 1,264,305 627,031 637,274 the females. There are only 40 females who have (ii) Literate, without educational level 64,081 62,336 1,745 attained the educational level of Matriculation and above. (iii) Primary or Junior The table alongside presents various educational levels Basic 6,983 6,805 178 attained by the community separately by sex and by the (iv) Matriculation and urban aod rural areas of the State. above 831 826 5 4 DISPERSAL OF CHAMARS (IN RURAL AREAS)

r " '''', "

NOTE:- EliCH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

CINSUSfWI RAJASTHAN

The community is widely spread all over the State. above are Bharatpur, Jodhpur, Sawai Madhopur, The following table gives their distribution in the districts Ganganagar,Churu, Jaipur and Ajrner. of their main concentration: In ruraillreas, tehsils Bharatpur. Bayana and Weir Population of district Bharatpur; tehsils Hindaun, Karauli and District Absolute Percentage Sawai Madhopur of district Sawai Madhopur; tehsils Bharatpur 174.909 12.0 Lachhmangarh and Alwar of district Alwar; and tehsils Sawai Madhopur 148,436 10.2 Ajmer and Kekri of district Ajmer have a substantial Jaipuf 129,617 8.9 number of Charnars. The following table gives their 119,425 8.2 Alwar population in these tehsils : Ajrner 91.502 6.3 Kota 78,042 5.4 Jhunjhunu 64.118 4.4 District Tehsil Population Tonk 63.689 4.4 Bharatpur Bharatpur 24.477 Pali 59,160 4.0 17,002 56,327 3.9 Bayana Bhilwara Weir 16.974 Others 469.217 32.3 22.227 1,454.502 100.0 Sawai Madhopur Hindaun Total Karauli 17,429 Sawai Madhopur 17,183 Most of the population of the Chamars resides in the Alwar Lachhmangarh 27.366 rural areas. Only 8 per cent of the community lives in Alwar 20,866 the urban centres of Rajasthan. Districts where their Ajmer Ajmer 23.421 concentration in urban areas is of the order of 5,000 and Kekri 20,680 5 MEGHWAL ( also called Megh )

CLAIMING DESCENT from Megh Rishi, the community of the Meghs or Meghwals is synonymous with the Bhambis. Bulk of them profess the Hindu religion and reside mainly in the POPULATION BY RELIGION rural areas of the State as would be seen from the table alongside. They Religions Rur~ersonhrban fornt the second largest group among the Scheduled Castes in Rajasthan Total 289,700 24,726 for there are 314,426 Meghs or Meghwals residing in the State 1. Hindus 289,434 24,726 constituting 9.36 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Their 2. Sikhs 266 distribution by broad age-groups, by sex and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Fem:lIes Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 160,921 153,505 81,900 59,398 73,560 78,840 5,208 15,070 128 61 125 136 0-14 69,662 63,912 66,746 55,918 2,768 7,837 44 69 15 5 89 83 15---44 69,085 68,775 14,681 3,332 52.626 60,842 1,686 4,518 66 43 26 40 45+ 22,110 20,726 413 17 18,16~ 10,142 3,477 10,482 47 13 9 12 Age not stated 64 92 60 71 2 19 1 1 1 I

In the rural areas they cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers and are engaged in the household industry of tanning and currying of hides and skins. In the urban areas, apart from the processing of hides and skins, they are engaged in construction work and in sundry occupations as would be seen from the table below:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 51.79 60.50 42.65 61.15 43.98 53.16 26.61 As Cultivator 38.52 42.94 33.88 45.88 36.05 9.48 7.60 As Agricultural Labourer 3.64 4.68 2.55 4.97 2.72 1.39 0.54 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock, etc. 0.68 0.85 0.50 0.74 0.45 2.03 1.11 In household Industry 4.21 5.43 2.92 5.35 2.68 6.39 5.87 In Manufacturing 0.62 1.00 0.23 0.48 0.10 6.92 1.79 In Construction 1.28 1.84 0.69 1.34 0.53 7.49 2.75 In Trade & Commerce 0.15 0.24 0.06 0.13 0.04 1.52 0.29 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.37 0.72 0.01 0.31 5.36 0.10 In other Services 2.32 2.80 1.81 1.95 1.41 12.58 6.56 Non-workers 48.21 39.50 57.35 38.85 56.02 46.84 73.39

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community -7.7 per cent in case Educational levels Persons Males Females of males and only 0.5 per cent in case of females. A. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMONG MEGHWALS (i) Illiterate 22,047 10,567 11.480 (ii) Literate, without educational level 2,196 1,974 222 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 393 358 35 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 86 80 6 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees 4 4 J out of 13 lout of 206 B. In Rural Areas Levels of education are also low in the community. There are only 140 persons who have attained the (i) Illiterate 279,274 137,994 141,280 educational level of Matriculation and above. Only 10 (ii) Literate, without educational level 9,481 9,037 444 of these are females. The table alongside presents (iii) Primary or Junior various educational levels attained by the community Basic 895 861 34 separately by sex and by the urban and rural areas of (iv) Matriculation and the State: above 50 46 4

6 / IJ/~~::' )!?1' rnSPER(~~:.~FA~~S~HWALS /~~li~i~'!\~,~ ~ ~

~."!.:: ...r:."';-::-:·:·.~. '. ' .. "''-_ ...... '')

,~ ... :. '. . .:(: 'V--'-~./'"""l . /' ...). r ...._.;.'/.':...... '.' 1, /J,-~ . J ..

NOTE' - EACH OOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

Meghs or Meghwals are a wide-spread community. total urban population resides, are located in districts Their dispersal in the districts of their main locations is Ganganagar, Churu, Jodhpur and Bikaner where also contained in the following table: their strength is limited from about 2600 to around 5300.

Population In the ruraL areas they are concentrated in tehsils District Absolute Percentage Barmer and of district Barmer, tebsils and Shergarb of district Jodhpur, tehsils Nokha, Kolayat Barmer 56.389 17.9 Ganganagar 40.494 12.9 and Bikaner of district Bikaner and tehsi) Sujangarb of Jodhpur 39.651 12.6 district Churu. Their population in these tehsils is as Bikaner 35,730 11.4 follows: Churu 24,687 7.9 Pali 21,335 6.8 Udaipur 21,224 6.7 Distirct Tehsil Population Sirobi 20,450 6.5 Nagaur 15,655 5.0 Barmer Barmer 30.601 Jaisalmer 13,941 4.4 Chohtan 10,841 Others 24,870 7.9 Phalodi 11,386 Total Jodhpur 314.426 100.0 Shcrgarh 10,976 Most of the population of the Meghwals resides in Bikancr Nokha 9.343 the rural areas of Rajasthan. Only 8 per cent of the Kolayat 8,922 community lives in urban centres of the State. The Bikaner 8,028 main concentrations, where about 60 per cent of their Churu Sujangarh 10,419

7 BALAI

THE BALAIS, another name for the Bhambis. is a widespread community which has. duriJ1g the course of recent past. increasingly disassociated itself with its traditional occupation of tanning and currying of hides and skins. Some of them who are followers of Lalgir, the venerable founder saint of a POPULATION DY RELIGION religious sect, call themselves 'Alakhgirs'. All of them profess, the Religions Persons Hindu religion and are mainlY located in the rural areas of the State Total 2~uff~ ¥{~~~ as would be seen from the table alongside. There are 306,034 Balais 1. Hindus 282;119 23:915 in Rajasthan constituting 9.11 per cent of its total Sch~duled Caste 2. Sikhs population. They form the third largest group of the Schedulei Castes in the State. The table below presents their distribution separately by broad age-groups, by sex and by marital status according to the Census 1961 :

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Total Never married Married Age group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecifide Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 158.822 147,212 69,291 48.133 82,106 83,077 6,836 15,693 496 187 93 122 0-14 62,858 56.053 57,560 5,915 5,014 9,967 142 102 83 15 59 54 15-44 70,172 68,200 10.097 2,083 57,575 61,903 2,201 4,068 273 101 26 45 45+ 25,679 22,885 1,543 76 19,496 11,195 4,492 11,522 140 70 8 22 Age not stated 113 74 91 59 21 12 I 1 1 1

In the rural areas they are mainly engaged in cultivation and work'as agricultural labourers. In urban centres they are engaged in sundry jobs, mostly in construction as would be observed from the following table. Oniy a few of them are engaged in the tanning and currying of hides and skins:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 56.27 62.75 49.29 63.68 51.85 51.85 18.75 As Cultivator 38.50 40.96 35.85 43.93 38.47 6.22 4.74 As Agricultural Labourer 5.30 5.84 4.72 6.24 5.05 1.12 0.82 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock, etc. 1.42 2.02 0.78 1.87 0.78 3.78 0.76 In Household Industry 4.38 4.86 3.85 4.94 3.98 3.96 2.32 In Manufacturing 0.63 1.00 0.24 0.47 0.10 7.13 1.87 In Construction 1.13 1.64 0.58 0.93 0.33 9.96 3.45 In Trade & Commerce 0.13 0.19 0.06 0.10 0.03 1.25 0.43 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.47 0.89 0.02 0.28 0.01 8.05 0.19 In other Services 4.31 5.35 3.19 4.92 3.10 10.38 4.17 Non-workers 43.73 37.25 50.71 36.32 48.15 48.15 81.25

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low :n the community specially among females. Educational levels Persons Males Females While 10.2 per cen,- of the males are literate only 0.6 A. In Urban Areas per cent females know how to read and write. (i) Illiterate 20,414 9,553 10,861 LITERACY AMONG DALAI (ii) Literate, without educational level 3,079 2,570 509 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 280 251 29 (iv) Matriculation or Ijigher Secondary 138 J26 12 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees 4 4

lout of 10 lout of 158 B. In Rural Areas Standards of education attained by the community (i) Illiterate 268,499 133,079 135,420 are also low specially among the females. There are only Iii) Literate, without 13 females who have reached the educational level of educational level 12,541 12,185 356 Matriculation and above. The table alongside presents (iii) Primary or Junior various educational levels attained by the community Basic 920 896 24 separately by sex and by the urban and rural areas of the (iv) Matriculation and State. above 159 158

8 DISPERSAL OF BALAIS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE' - EACH DOT REPRESENT$ SO PERSONS

cr;NSU$ RAJASTHAN

The Balais are mainly concentrated in the districts their total urban population is located in Jaipur district of Jaipur, Sikar, Bhilwara and Udaipur where 60.9 alone while in Jodhpur, Chum, Sikar and Ajmer per cent of their total population resides. Their dispersal districts their strength ranges from 1,100 to 3,500. in the districts of their main locations is contained in the In the rural areas of the State they are mainly following table: concentrated in Dausa, Amber, Phulera, Bairath and District Population Jamwa Ramgarh tehsils of district Jaipur; Sikar, Danta Absolute Percentage Ramgarh, and Lachhmangarh tehsils of Jaipur 68,021 22.2 district Sikar; Mandai tehsil of district Bhilwara and Sikar 50,274 16.4 Nawa tehsil of district Nagaur. Their population in Bhilwara 36,614 12.0 Udaipur 31,462 10.3 these tehsils is contained in the following table: Nagaur 18,062 5.9 Population Chitorgarh 18,022 5.9 District Tehsil Kota 16,650 5.4 Jaipur Dausa 9,053 Bundi 12,162 4.0 Amber 8,554 Ajmer 11,962 3.9 Phulera 8,087 Alwar 9,895 3.2 Bairath 6,842 Jhalawar 9,348 3.1 Jamwa Ramgarh 5,284 Others 23,562 7.7 Sikar Sikar 12,707 Total 306,034 100.0 Danta Ramgarh 11,179 Sri Madhopur 10,681 Most of the population of the Balais resides in Rural Lachhmangarh 8,988 areas of Rajasthan. Only 8 per cent of the community Bhilwara MandaI 6,014 lives in urban areas of the State. About one third of Nagaur Nawa 6,605

9 KHATIK

BUTCHERS BY tradition the community of the Khatiks derives its name from the Sanskrit word 'Kautik' meaning a butcher. The Khatiks claim descent from the who were once employed by the Brahmins to slaughter goats and other $acrificial animals. The economic life of the community mainly POPULATION BY RELIGION revolves round the sheep and the goat. They also specialise in the Persons processing of the skins of the sacrificial animals for the purpose of Religions Rural Urban mounting them on hand-drums etc. used as accompaniment to the Total 76,142 28,499 devotional songs sung during religious ceremonies. Except for two I. Hindus 76,141 28,498 Sikhs all the Khatiks residing in Rajasthan profess the Hindu religion. 2. Sikhs 1 1 There are 104,641 Khatiks in the State constituting 3. [1 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the table below:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 53,253 51,388 23,234 19,000 27,934 27,813 1,969 4,517 86 40 30 18 0-14 22,859 22,472 20,217 18,089 2,549 4,334 49 37 29 7 15 5 15-44 22,553 21,689 2,758 880 19,156 19,758 591 1,016 36 24 12 11 45+ 7,834 7,199 254 21 6,227 3,710 1,329 3,457 21 9 3 2 Age not stated 7 28 5 10 2 11 7

Most of the Khatiks reside in the rural areas where they practise cultivation or work as agricultural labourers, work at household industry, engage themselves in trade and commerce relating training to sheep and goat and also raise livestock mainly sheep and goat. In the urban areas the main field of their activities is in trade and commerce and in household industry of manufacturing felt and carpets fr om wool and hair and miscellaneous jobs as is evident from the following table:

PERCENTAGE DlSTRIBUTIO~ BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Categories Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 41.89 56.29 26.97 57.79 32.55 52.05 12.92 As Cultivator 18.87 21.87 15.76 28.12 20.83 4.18 2.97 As Agricultural Labourer 2.96 2.68 3.26 3.43 4.37 0.58 0.46 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 2.05 3.44 0.61 3.95 0.77 2.00 0.20 In Household Industry 4.44 6.20 2.61 7.61 2.97 2.22 1.73 In Manufacturing 1.27 2.02 0.49 0.51 0.08 6.27 1.51 In Construction 0.85 1.37 0.31 0.87 0.19 2.77 0.60 In Trade & Commerce 6.43 11.94 0.73 8.06 0.54 22.91 1.20 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.39 074 0.01 0.24 0.02 2.19 0.01 In other Services 4.63 6.03 3.19 5.00 2.78 8.93 4.24 Non-workers 58.11 43.71 73.03 42.21 67.45 47.95 87.08

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community specially in case of Educational level Persons Males Females females. While 19.7 per cent of the males are literate, literacy among females is only 1.1 per cent. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 24,097 9,877 14,220 LITERACY AMONG KHATIKS (ii) Literate without educational level 3,945 3,630 315 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 321 294 27 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondry 128 103 25 (v) Technical and non· technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees 8 8

B. In Rural Areas loutof5 lout of 91 (i) Illiterate 69,477 32,876 36,601 Levels of education in the community are very low. (ii) Literate, without There are only 207 persons who have attained an educational level 6,052 5,869 183 educational level of Matricu[ation and above. The table (iii) Primary or Junior alongside presents the various educational levels attained Basic 542 527 15 by the community separately by sex and by the urban (iv) Matriculation and and rural areas of the State : above 71 69 2

10 _.,,/. " t..._._. DISPERSAL OF KHATIKS i· .~ (IN RURAL AREAS) i i •/ ' <'_'\ ....,...J. .",' I ; ...... ,J", . _-'\J. ,'~"'-_.J 1---,.-'-..... ( , ) . } J I ~ ., ,. -~ . t' .L../ ..:t /'-... ". . ::".)~. .~. ,. t _.-.-~~, ~ rf..,· ... } r::V:~::.{,·' '_' " \ }.J l..:.' -: . . .. :-.... .' S·t..' .r· 1._; I .;- --- ( . ~~./).:). : . :., .,:.k: . . . r .. I--~"V\ r---".j L." '.:.,::",,) .{: ' '. (. i I' (, • i \ '. ~,~ ( , r.; ...... I - ...... """"\._ ( ( \.! " .;::,;:,::4.' .. ,_, }.I . ')+.:~:-.-,,:,~:~ ... I \ \

.' . \ ~;_~~ l·.· . I HOTE:- EACH DOT RI[PRESENTS SO PERSONS r . /

CENSUS RAJASTHAN

The Khatiks are a ~ide-spread community. The About 27 per cent of the community resides in the districts of Jaipur, Udaipur and Bhilwara each contain urban areas of the State. More than half of the total more than 10,000 Khatiks. The table below gives their urban population of the community is located in distribution by the districts of their main locations: five districts namely Tonk, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Jaipur and Ajmer where their strength ranges from 2100 Population to 4000. District Absolute Percentage Jaipur 15,351 14.7 In the rural areas of the State the Khatiks are mostly Udaipur 10,232 9.8 concentrated in Alwar and Lachhmangarh tehsils of Bhilwara 10,198 9.7 district Alwar; Jamwa Ramgarh, Bairath, Phulera, Ajmer 9,038 8.6 Amber, and Phagi tehsils of district Jaipur; Alwar 7,629 7.3 Danta Ramgarh tehsil of district Sikar; Kekri tehsil of Tonk 7,550 7.2 district Ajmer; Tonk tehsil of district Tonk; MandaI, Sawai Madhopur 6.167 5.9 Bhilwara and tehsils of district Bhllwara; Sikar 6,154 5.9 , and Railmagra tehsils of Bharalpur 5,848 5.6 district Udaipur. Each of these tehsils contain more Chitorgarh 5,700 5.4 than 1,000 Khatiks. The highest concentration is Others 20,774 19.9 in Kekri tehsil of district Ajmer where 2,015 Total 104,641 100.0 Khatiks reside. 11 BOLA

THE BOLA is another name of the Raigars in the and Harauti POPULATION BY RELIGION region of Rajasthan, where they are believed to have migrated from Religions Persons Marwar. Their traditional occupation is skinning the dead animal and Rural Urban tanning and currying of hides and skins. All of them profess the Hindu Total 16,059 296 religior- and are mainly located in the rural areas of the State as would be seen from the table alongside. There are 16.355 Bolas in the State 1. Hindus 16,059 296 constituting 0.49 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. The 2. Sikhs following table presents their distribution by broad age-groups, and by sex according to the Census 1961 :

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 8,504 7,851 3,702 2,561 4,446 4,461 311 805 42 9 3 15 0-14 3,450 3,215 3,195 2,502 237 703 2 5 14 3 2 2 15-44 3,883 3,582 492 52 3,249 3,299 120 219 21 4 1 8 45+ 1,169 1,049 15 3 958 458 189 581 7 2 5 Age not stated 2 5 4 2 I

In rural areas they are occupied mamly in cultivation, work as agricultural labourers and are engaged in the tanning and currying of hides and skins. In urban areas. their main activity is the processing of hides and skins. Their distribution in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCE~TAGE DlSTRlBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 55.87 63.18 47.96 63.19 47.80 62.65 56.92 As Cultivator 33.64 34.35 32.87 34.82 33.03 10.84 23.84 As Agricultural Labourer 5.16 4.56 5.80 4.64 5.85 0.60 2.31 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.73 1.08 0.36 1.07 0.36 1.81 In Household Industry 10.27 16.17 3.89 15.90 3.56 29.52 23.08 In Manufacturing 1.50 2.61 0.29 2.61 0.23 2.41 3.84 In Construction 0.58 0.80 0.34 0.79 0.35 1.21 In Trade & Commerce 0.09 0.13 0.05 0.11 0.04 1.20 0.77 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.02 0.04 0.04 In Other Services 3.88 3.44 4.36 3.21 4.38 15.06 3.08 Non-workers 44.13 36.82 52.04 36.81 52.20 37.35 43.08

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the cummunity. It is only 6.9 Educational levels Persons Males Females per cent among the males while among the females it is A. In Urban Areas as Ie; w as 0.2 per cent. (i) Illiterate 264 134 130 LITERACY AMONG BOLAS (ii) Literate, without educational level 22 22 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 10 10 \iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 14 lout of 604 B. In R.ural Areas Levels of education are also very low. The number (i) Illiterate 15,488 7,780 7,708 of persons who have attained the educational level of (ii) Literate, without Matriculation llnd above is limited to only three. educational level 519 510 9 Thirteen females, four of whom have reached the (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 49 45 4 standards of Primary or Junior Basic. are all that claim (iv) Matriculation and to be literate. above 3 3

12 DISPERSAL OF BOLAS (IN RURAl. AREAS)

NOTE' -EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

CENSUS: RAJASTHAN

The Bolas are mainly concentrated in the districts of alone where also their strength is only 151. Bhilwara, Kola and Chitorgarh where 73.3 per cent of their total population resides. Their dispersal by the In the rural areas they are mainly concentrated in various districts of their concentration is contained in , Kotri and Jahazpur tehsils of district the following table : Bhilwara; Atru tehsil of district Kota;Gangrar, Chitorgarh and tehsils of district Chitorgarh; Bundi and Population Hindoli tehsils of district Bundi; and Khanpur tehsil of District Absolute Percentage district lhalawar. Their population in these tehsils is Bhilwara 6,097 37.3 contained in the following table: Kota 2,963 18.1 Chitorgarh 2,922 17.9 District Tehsil Population Bundi 1,473 9.0 Bhilwara Mandalgarh 2,061 Jhalawar 1,296 7.9 Kotri 1,569 Udaipur 1,104 6.8 Jahazpur 976 Others 500 3.0 Kota Atru 574 Total 16,355 100.0 Chitorgarh Gangrar 7i2 Chitorgarh 701 Most of the population of the Bolas resides in the Begun 608 rural areas. Only 1.8 percent of the community lives in Bundi Bundi 635 the urban areas of the State. More than half of their Hindoli 529 total urban population is located in district Jhalawar Jhalawar Khanpur 732

13 BAIRWA

(also called Berwas )

PERHAPS THE most restive section of the Scheduled Castes in Rajasthan POPULATION BY RELIGION traditionally associated with leather industry, the Bairwa community has Persons almost completely disassociated itself with its tradititional occupation and Religions Rural Urban has carved out new fields of economic activity for itself during the recent Total 6,069 2,767 past. All Bairwas profess the Hindu religion. Their dispersal in the rural 1. Hindus . 6,069 2,767 and urban areas of the State is indicated in the table alongside. There are 2. Sikhs 8,836 Bairwas in Rajasthan constituting 0.26 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 3,985 4,851 1,413 1,597 2,348 2,879 222 370 1 4 1 1 0-14 1,320 1,967 1,130 1,523 189 438 1 5 1 15-44 2,101 2,206 267 73 1,728 2,055 105 74 4 45+ 564 678 16 1 431 386 116 291 Age not stated

In the rural areas they mainly cultivate land while in the urban they have taken to miscellaneous jobs. Their dispersal in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 57.01 60.80 53.89 65.60 71.34 48.72 19.52 As Cultivator 40.36 36.11 43.85 49.62 65.96 2.12 0.31 As Agricultural Labourer 2.19 3.79 0.89 5.26 1.D9 0.09 0.49 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 2.65 3.64 1.83 4.87 2.64 0.53 0.25 In Household Industry 1.17 1.51 0.89 1.51 0.71 1.50 1.22 In Manufacturing 3.03 5.57 1.03 0.67 17.92 3.06 In Construction 2.52 1.83 3.09 0.91 0.16 4.15 8.87 In Trade & Commerce 0.33 0.60 0.10 0.03 2.12 0.24 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.43 0.95 0.42 2.29 In Other Services 4.23 6.80 2.21 2.34 0.75 18.00 5.08 Non-workers 42.99 39.20 46.11 34.40 28.66 51.28 80.48

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS General literacy is low in the community-14.5 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females in cas~ of males and only 0.6 per cent in case of females. A. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMONG BAIRWAS (i) Illiterate 2,339 727 1,612 (ii) Literate, without educational level 358 338 20 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 46 44 2 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 20 29 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees 4 4 lout of 7 lout of 156 B. In Rural Areas General levels of education are, however, low in the 0) Illiterate 5,888 2,680 3,208 community. There are only four graduate and twenty·two (ii) Literate, without Matriculate males and the number females who have educational level J54 148 6 reached the level of Primary or Junior Basic is limited to (iii) Primary or Junior five only. The table alongside presents various educatio­ Basic 25 22 3 nal levels attained by the community separately by sex (iv) Matriculation and and by the urban and rural areas of the State. above 2 2

14 The Bairwas are mainly concentrated in the districts while in the districts Tonk, Chitorgarh, Sawai Madhopur of Tonk, Jaipur and Sawai Madhopur where 78.3 per cent and Bundi their strength ranges from 200 to 550. of their total population resides. The following table gives their dispersal in various districts: In the rural areas, they are found mainly in the Uniara, Tonk and Nawai tehsils of district Tonk; Dudu and Phagi tehsils of district Jaipur; Malarnachor tehsil Population of district Sawai Madhopur; Keshorai Patan and District Absolute Percentage tehsils of district Bundi; and Banera tehsil of district Tonk 2,798 31.7 Bhilwara. Their population in these tehsils is as under: Jaipur 2.326 26.3 Sawai Madhopur 1,797 20.3 District Tehsil Percentage Bundi 958 10.8 Tonk Uniara 1203 Chitorgarh 438 5.0 Tonk 1,038 Bhilwara 366 4.1 Nawai 327 Udaipur 86 1.0 Jaipur Dudu 456 Others 67 0.8 Phagi 419 Total 8.836 100.0 Sawai Madhopur Malarnachor 1,301 About 31 per cent of the community resides in the Bundi Keshorai Patan 182 urban areas of the State. Nearly half of their total Nainwa 193 urban population is located in Jaipur district alone Bhilwara Banera 221

15 DHED

( also known a8 Dheda)

ALLIED TO the Chamars and others associated with the disposal of POPULATION BY RELIGION the carcases, the Dhed is a community whose traditional occupation is Religions Persons the removal of the carcases of the animals from the habitations. All of Rural Urban them profess the Hindu religion. The table alongside presents their Total 3,797 1,484 dispersal in the rural and urban areas of the State. There are 5,281 1. Hindus 3,797 1,484 Dheds in Rajasthan constituting 0.16 per cent of its total Scheduled 2. Sikhs Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by the marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 3,102 2,179 1,393 736 1,604 1,210 103 217 2 10 6 0-14 1,144 820 1,092 698 50 117 2 2 3 15-44 1,534 1,045 289 34 1,211 923 32 80 2 5 3 45+ 421 313 9 4 343 169 69 135 5 Age not stated 3 1 3 I

In the rural areas they cultivate land, and work as agricultural labourers while in the urban areas they work as masons and do other sundry jobs. Their dispersal in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 42.79 49.68 33.00 50.82 38.21 47.16 16.25 As Cultivator 24.90 26.21 23.04 34.57 28.88 7.76 4.26 As Agricultural Labourer 4.13 3.96 4.36 5.43 5.66 0.72 0.19 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.28 0.35 0.19 0.47 0,24 0.10 In Household Industry 1.08 1.39 0.64 1.50 0.84 1.14 In Manufacturing 0.55 0.71 0.32 0.37 0.42 1.45 In Construction 1.80 3.00 0.0') 0.52 8.48 0.39 In Trade & Commerce 0.13 0.23 0.14 0.41 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.34 0.58 0.47 0.83 In Other Services 9.58 13.25 4.36 7.35 2.17 26.27 11.41 Non-workers 57.21 50.32 67.00 49.18 61.79 52.84 83.75

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS While 16.9 per cent of males are literate, only 2.7 Educational levels Persons Males Females per cent of females know how to read and write. A. LITERACY AMONG DHEDS In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 1,252 780 472 (ii) Literate, without educational level 208 164 44 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 18 17 1 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 4 4 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees 2 2

lout of 6 ] out of 38 B. In Rural Areas

Levels of education are low. Half a dozen males have (i) Illiterate 3,448 1,799 ].649 attained the educational level of Matriculation and two (ii) Literate, without educational level others have reached the stage of graduation. The table 324 311 13 (iii) Primary or Junior alongside presents various educational levels attained Basic 23 23 by the community separately by sex and by the urban (iv) Matriculation and and rural areas of the State. above 2 2

16 DISPERSAL OF DHEDS (IN RURAL ARE AS)

NOTE. - EACH DOT REPRESENTS SO PERSONS

CENSUS RAJASTHAN

The Dhed is a fairly widespread community. Its ranges from 138 to 268. dispersal in various districts is as under: In the rural areas they are mostly found in tehsils Nagaur, Merta, Parbatsar and Nawa of district Nagaur; District Population tehsils Ghatol and Kushalgarh of district Banswara; Absolute Percentage tehsil of district Kota; tehsiis Chohtan and Nagaur 1.441 27.3 of district Barmer and tehsil Sri Madhopur of Banswara 607 11.5 Kota 395 7.5 district Sikar. Their population in these tehsiis is as Barmer 348 6.6 under: Ganganagar 331 6.3 Pali 315 5.9 District Tehsil Population Jaipur 268 5.1 Nagaur Nagaur 443 Jaisalmer 218 4.1 Jodhpur 218 4.1 Merta 428 Sikar 179 3.4 Parbatsar 211 Others 961 18.2 Nawa 159 Total S.281 100.0 Banswara Ghatol 355 Kushalgarh 130 About 28 per cent of the community resides in the Kota San god 258 urban centres of the State. More than half of their total Barmer Chohtan 151 urban population is located in the districts of Jaipur, Siwana 135 Jodhpur, Ganganagar and Sirohi where their strength Sikar Sri Madhopur 131

17 JINGAR

A BRANCH of Mochis, the Jingars form a small community of 1,637 POPULATION BY RELIGION persons in Rajasthan whose traditional occupation is to make leather saddles and other accessories required for riding purposes. Such of Religions Persons them who make sheaths for swords and daggers are called Miyangars; Rural Urban those who make shoes as Jorigars; and those who prepare gold and silver Total 837 800 leaves as Pannigars. Bulk of them profess the Hindu religion. Their I. Hindus 830 800 population by the rural and urban areas of the State, where their 2. Sikhs 7 population is almost equally divided, and religion professed by them is shown in the table alongside. The distribution of this small community by broad age-groups &: by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 879 758 395 274 450 129 34 S4 ()"'14 381 317 353 262 27 55 I 15-44 357 341 37 9 314 324 6 7 45+ 141 100 5 3 109 50 27 47 Age not stated

Most of the Jingars are engaged in leather industry which is mostly run by them on household hasis. Their women-folk also actively participates in work and specialises in embroidering artistic designs on belts, shoes, sheaths and saddles in silk and silver threads. The distribution of Jingars into various industrial categories is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 47.77 56.77 37.34 61.56 25.13 51.44 49.22 As Cultivator 7.02 10.01 3.56 17.06 6.68 2.17 0.52 As Agricultural Labourer 0.49 0.23 0.79 043 ).60 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.37 0.68 1.30 In Household Industry 34.70 38.79 29.95 33.91 11.76 44.23 47.66 In Manufacturing 3.42 4.44 2.25 6.48 4.55 2.16 In Construction In Trade & Commerce 0.31 0.57 0.22 0.96 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.73 1.37 1.51 1.20 In Other Services 0.73 0.68 0.79 0.65 0.54 0.72 1.04 Non-workers 52.23 43.23 62.66 38.44 74.87 48.56 50.78

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS The percentage of literacy among the males i3 quite Educational levels Persons Males Females high (35.2) but low (2.5) among the females. A. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMONG JINGARS (i) Illiterate 644 268 376 (ii) Literate, without educational level 99 95 4 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 53 52 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 2 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and t(;chuic..lI degrees 2 2 '- lout of 3 lout of 40 B. In Rural Areas Levels of education are, however, poor. Only 3 (i) Illiterate 665 302 363 oersons have attained the educational level of Matricula­ (ii) Literate, without tion and above. There are only 2 graduates in the educational level 159 149 10 community and, it may be noted, they belong to the fair (iii) Primary or Junior sex. The table alongside presents various educational Basic 12 11 levels attained by the community separately by sex and (iv) Matriculation and by the urban and rural areas of the:State ; above

18 _0./ " c...... I l. DISPERSAL OF JINGARS I . I. (IN RURAL AREAS). • C\.._.\ I '-vol .1 __ ~ •~ .'" .Ir-.J "J ---r--. _...... t I-~- . • ~ _r-. ~'''-. ~ ~LJ J ..... _:') ~.~. '" o , ">!:\i . I ",0,-,. , " .r~ ~ l""~.J i ,• \ ...... - ...... ".. \ .....) It.... . $'''''' • _. ( . ~ ''''. f..,."1 I'' ~ I r- ~ . .r ...i---''\,'_'''''' . \. .> ~ ,,~ / r ..... ·1 ..,,' J \.."., r-'.r./) '? ~. "."'\...(.~ \..1. ,"". .) ?. ~.\ •I ) \ /". . f \. ~ -) ~ / ''-f '" • _,r \.~'-""'7 \_r-r ( ~ __...... ,.-."> ,/ (.' 1 C; "-,,, . ~ \ J -.-...... ~-. ( .... "'. \ / ..", [' (\J ~ .•.,/ ...... _.. ./". j "'1 • ./ K)' "'._._...... ,"", , ' > '(" -'.::l __. Yl..\- ._. ,,~. ( • V\O"j''' 1(.., I ._...... \ ,./. ,.)' '. '.I ..iJ '. . .,./ {' ..... / \ / ·4 / (" j .- " ...... "... ! iv) ~ .', _/. .\... ~. .J " . ( . t·, ...... • . r (of .I " ...... \ \ '_'_'''?--.L ,..' f NOT!.- EACH DOT REPUSENTS 50 PERSONS i

The Jingars are mainly concentrated in the districts districts of Churu and Bhilwara, of Bhilwara and Churu where 55.4 per cent of their total population resides. Their dispersal in various districts In rural areas they are found in the Mandai, Asind, is contained in the following table: pur, Sahara, Banera and Hurda tehsils of district Bhilwara; Railmagra, and tehsils District Population of district Udaipur and Rashmi tehsil of district Absolute Percentage Chitorgarh. Their population in these tehsils is Bhilwara 579 35.4 contained in the following table: Churu 328 20.0 Udaipur 222 13.6 District Tehsil Population Chitorgarh 206 12.6 Jhunjhunu 103 6.3 Bhilwara Mandai 79 Ganganagar 91 5.6 Asind 75 Bikaner 39 2.4 Raipur 49 Jhalawar 25 1.5 Sahara 43 Kota 20 1.2 Banera 39 Others 24 1.4 Hurda 36 Total 1,637 100.0 Udaipur Railmagra 60 Nearly half of their population resides in the urban Mavli 44 centres of the State, About 70 per cent of the total Rajsamand 35 urban population of the community is located in the Chitorgarh Rashmi 192

19 DADGAR

TRADITlONALLY THE manufacturers of leather vessels andjars for storing oil and also called as Dhalgars on account of their occupation of manufacturing of shields, the Dabgars claim POPULATION BY RELIGIONS descent from the Rajputs whose customs they mostly follow. All of Persons them profess the Hindu religion and are mainly located in the rural areas Religions Rural Urban of the State as would be seen from the table alongside. There are 1,276 Total 1,188 88 Dabgars in Rajasthan. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by t. Hindus 1,188 88 marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the 2. Sikhs following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 698 578 283 232 380 283 34 61 1 1 0-14 269 263 229 228 40 35 15-44 316 234 48 3 253 209 15 21 45+ 112 81 5 1 87 39 19 40 Age not stated 1 )

They cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers and are en&aged in sundry occupations. Their dispersal in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 53.68 67.77 36.68 68.75 37.96 56.90 13.33 As Cultivator 32.45 39.83 23.53 43.44 24.82 As Agricultural Labourer 6.58 7.59 5.36 8.28 5.66 10 Mining, Quarrying, Livestock, etc. 0.39 0.29 0.52 0.31 0.55 In Household Industry 2.66 4.73 0.18 2.19 32.76 3.33 In Manufacturing 1.41 0.57 2.42 2.55 6.90 In Construction 0.71 0.86 0.52 10.34 10.00 In Trade & Commerce 1.88 3.44 3.75 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.39 0.72 0.16 6.90 In Other Services 7.21 9.74 4.15 10.62 4.38 Non-workers 46.32 32.23 63.32 31.25 62.04 43.10 86.67

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community. While 17.2 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females of males are literate only 0.7 per cent females have claims A. In Urban Areas to literacy. (i) Illiterate 50 21 29 (ii) Literate, without LITERACY AMONG DABGARS educational level 33 32 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 5 5 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas ) out of 6 lout of 145 (i) Illiterate 1,102 557 S4S Oi) Literate, without Levels ot education are low. The highest educational educational level 79 76 3 level reached by the mflrbers of the community is the (iii) Primary or Junior Primary or Junior Basic and that too has been attained Basic 7 7 only by a dozen males as would be seen from the (iv) Matriculation and table alongside : above

20 DISPERSAL OF DABGARS (IN RURAL AREAS)

HOTE - EACH OOT REPRfSE"T5 SO PERSONS

CEN~US RAJASTHAN

The Dabgars are mainly conc,ntrated in districts population of Dabgars is located in the district of Bundi, Ganganagar and Nagaur where 68.1 per cent of Udaipur alone where also their strength is only 38. their total population resides. Their dispersal in various districts is contained in the following tablc : In rural areas, they are concentrated in tchsils Population Keshoraipatan, Talera, Nainwa and Hindoli of district Distri~t Absolutc Pcrcentage Bundi; tehsil Bhadra of district Ganganagar; tehsil of district Nagaur; tehsil Sagwara of district Dungarpur Bundi 592 46.4 and tehsil Garhi of district Banswara. Their population Ganganaaar 163 12.8 in these tehsils is contained in the following table : Nagaur 113 8.9 Dungarpur 104 8.1 District Tehsil Population Banswara 99 7.7 Bundi Keshoraipatan 234 Chitorgarn 96 7.5 Talera I 3 Udaipur 43 3.4 Nainwa 115 Jaipur 33 2.6 Hindoli 67 Othcrs 33 2.6 Ganganagar Bhadra 134 Total 1,276 100.0 Nagaur Ladnu 89 Only 7 per ccnt orthe community resides in the urban Dungarpur Sagwara 70 centres of the State. About half of the total urban Banswara Garh! 81 21 PASI

THE SMALL community of the PJ.sis is considered to be closely connected with Khatiks who are believed to be an offshoot of this caste. The Pasis enumerate Khatiks as one of their clans, POPULATION BY RELIGION while the Khatiks include the Pasis among the clans of their caste. Persons Religiom According to tradition, they have sprung up from the perspiration that Rural Urban 80wed from the forehead of the legendry Parasram. There are only 18'> Total 73 113 Pasis in Rajasthan and all of them profess the Hindu religion. The bulk I. Hindus 73 113 oftbe community resides in the urban areas of districts Oanganagar and 2. Sikhs Kota of the State. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is as under:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age·group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 132 S4 24 2S 104 2S 4 4 0-14 23 2S 16 23 7 2 15-44 91 24 6 2 90 22 1 45+ 12 5 2 1 I 3 4 Age not stated

They are engaged in manufacturing other than household industry, in transport, storage and communications, and in Qther services. In the rural areas, they are engaged in sundry activities. A significant fact about the community is that their females in the urban areas do not appear to be engaged in any economic activity; in the rural areas, however, they work as agricultural labourers as can be seen from the table below:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 67.74 81.06 35.19 78.38 52.78 82.11 As Cultivator US 4.55 7.41 16.22 11.11 As Agricultural Labourer 7.53 25.93 38.89 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 2.1S 3.03 10.81 In Household Industry 5.91 8.33 29.73 In Manufacturing 32.80 46.21 5.41 62.11 In Construction In Trade & Commerce 1.07 0.76 1.85 2.70 2.78 In Transport, Storage & Communication 9.68 13.64 13.51 13.68 In Other Services 3.22 4.5t 6.32 Non-workers 32.26 18.94 64.81 21.02 47.22 17.89 100.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community, while 22.0 per cent of Educational levels Persons Males Females tho males are literate, the female literacy comes to 5.6 A. In Us-ban Area. per cent only. (i) Illiterate 87 71 16 UTERACY AMONG PASIS (ii; Literate, without educational level 20 18 2 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic S S (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areaa lout of S I cut of 18 (i) Illiterate 67 32 3S Levels of ~ucation in the community are very low. (ii) Literate, without Only a single person has attained the educational level of educational level 6 5 1 Matriculation and above. The various educational levels (iii) Primary or Junior attained by tbe c('mmunity are shown in the table Basic alongside separately by sex and by the urban and (iv) Matriculation and rural areas of the State. above

22 2. CASTES TRADITIONALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SCAVANGING BHANGI

A WIDESPREAD caste of sweepers and scavangers, the Bhangis are one of the communities which form the lowest stratum in the Hindu caste hierarchy. They are also known as Lalbegis. POPULATION IIY RELIGION Khakrobs and Halalkhors - Bhangi probably from their drunken habits Religions Persons from bhang; Lalbegi from their following the sect of the same name; Rural Urban Khakrob from the persian 'khak' meaning earth 'rob' that is sweeping; Total 97,074 56,043 from the persian 'halal', meaning lawful, and

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Never married Married Age-group Total Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 78,973 74.144 39,125 30,203 36.837 37,932 2,823 5,907 134 43 54 59 0-14 35,674 32,605 33,261 28,532 2,281 3,969 87 80 15 10 30 14 15-44 32,784 32.126 5.496 1,596 26.276 29,000 917 1,494 81 18 14 18 45+ 10,417 9,373 336 46 8,222 4,958 1,812 4,329 38 IS 9 25 Age not stated 98 40 32 29 58 5 7 4 I 2

Most of the Bhangis reside in the rural areas of the State where they are engaged in cultivation, as agricultural labourers. in household industry and in several services. In the turban areas they have taken to sundry jobs. They engage them­ selves in their traditional occupation of sweeping and scavanging and also raise livestock which usually consist of poultry and piggery. Their distribution into various industrial categories by sex and by the rural and urban areas is as under:-

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 43.74 51.20 35.80 54.65 41.31 45.19 26.33 As Cultivator 7.17 8.79 5.44 13.50 8.37 0.59 0040 As Agricultural Labourer 1.54 1.95 1.10 2.99 1.71 0.14 0.U5 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.64 1.08 0.18 1.44 0.27 0.46 0,03 In Household Industry 4.34 6.52 2.02 9.67 2.93 1.02 0.45 In Manufacturing 0.78 1.25 0.28 0.78 0.27 2.0B 0.30 In Construction 3.43 0.77 0.07 0.18 0.03 1.79 0.15 In Trade & Commerce 0.23 0.41 0.03 0.38 0.02 0.46 0.04 In Transport, Storage & Communication 1.52 2.84 0.12 B.88 0.04 6.27 0.27 In Other Services 27.09 27.59 26.56 24.83 27.67 32.38 24.64 Non-workers 56.26 48.80 64.20 45.35 58.69 54.81 73.67

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community. Only 14.7 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females of the males and 1.7 per cent of the females are literates. A. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMONG BHANGIS (i) Illiterate 48,148 21,860 26,288 (ii) Literate, without educational level 7,131 6,205 926 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 628 591 37 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 129 124 5 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees 6 6

lout of 7 lout of 60 B. In Rural Area. Levels of educatjon in the community are very low as (i) Illiterate 92,093 45,473 46,620 only 186 person s ou of one and a half lac of their popu­ (ii) Literate. without lation have attained the educational level of Matri­ educational level 4,538 4,300 238 CUlation and above while only 6 have done their Gradua­ (iii) Primary or Junior tion. The table alongside shows the various educational Basic 393 365 28 levels attained by the community by sex and by the urban (iv) Matriculation and and rural areas of the State: above 50 48 2

24 DISPERSAL OF BHANGIS, (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE'- EACH DOT REPIiESENTS 50 PERSONS

The Bhangis are widely spread in the State but in the urban centres of Rajasthan. By the total urban their concentration in Jaipur, Alwar, Bharatpur and population of Bhangis nearly half of them are Iccated in Ajmer districts is notable. The table below gives their the districts of Jaipur, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner & Churu. distribution by the districts of their main locations: While the rests are distributed in the remaining districts of the State. Population District Absolute Percentage In the rural areas they abound in Alwar, Lachhman­ Jaipur 18,569 12.1 garh, and tehsils of district Alwar; Alwar 16,532 10.8 Kaman tehsil of district Bharatpur; Ajmer tehsil of Bharatpur ]4,106 9.2 district Ajmer; and Merta tehsil of district Nagaur and Ajmer 11,297 7.4 Danta Ramgarh tehsil of district Sikar. The following Sawai Madhopur 9,698 6.3 table gives their concentration in these tehsils : Kota 8,870 5.8 Nagaur 7,796 5.1 District Tehsil Population Jodhpur 7,469 4.9 Alwar Lachhmangarh 2,932 Pali 6,283 4.1 Alwar 2,444 Sikar 5,668 3.7 Tijara 1,910 Tonk 5,618 3.7 Kishangarh 1,801 Others 41,211 26.9 Bharatpur Kaman 1,958 Total 153,117 100.0 Ajmer Ajmer 1,500 Nagaur Merta 1,462 Over one third population (If the community reside Sikar Danta Ramgarh 1,491

25 MEHTAR

ALLIED TO the Bhangis, the Mehtars form a community of sweepers and scavangers. They claim similar social status in the caste hierarchy as that of Bhangis anj only a few of them now POPULATION BY RELIGION practise their traditional occupation of sweeping and scavanging according Religions Persons to the Census 1961. There are 12,495 Mehtars in the State constituting Rural Urban 0.37 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Except for 390 Total 12,495 persons who have referred themselves as Sikhs all of them profess the 1. Hindus 12,105 Hindu religion as may be seen from the table alongside. Their distribution 2. Sikhs 390 by broad age·groups and by marital status accordin& to the Census 1961 is contained in the table below:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Age·group Married Widowed Divorced/Sera rat ed Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 6,826 5,669 3,458 2,525 3,122 2,170 213 356 13 8 20 JO 0-14 3,173 2,680 2,959 2,419 201 247 4 3 13 7 15-44 2,621 2,289 487 93 2,068 2,097 50 94 9 3 7 2 45+ 1,030 700 12 13 852 426 162 258 4 2 1 Age not stated 2 1 I

The community resides in the rural areas where they are engaged in cultivation, work as agricultural labourers or at household industry and raise poultry and pigs. They have also taken to sundry jobs while a few assist in the work of tanning and currying of hides and skins. Their distribution into various industrial categories by sex is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 43.87 49.82 36.69 49.82 36.69 As Cultivator 26.74 30.69 21.98 30.69 21.98 As Agricultural Labourer 4.35 6.15 2.19 6.15 2.19 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.31 0.44 0.16 0.44 0.16 In Household Industry 4.39 4.91 3.78 4.91 3.78 In Manufacturing 0.34 0.38 0.23 0.38 0.28 In Construction 0.15 0.22 0.05 0.22 0.05 In Trade & Commerce 0.15 0.22 0,07 0.22 0.07 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.28 0.51 0.51 In Other Services 7.16 6.30 8.18 6.30 8.18 Non-workers 56.13 50.18 63.31 50.18 63.31

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community. While 7.2 per cent of Educational levels Persons Males Females the males are literate the fomales have literacy only to the extent of 0.5 per cent. A. In Urban Area. (i) Illiterate LITERACY AMONG MEHTARS (ii) Literate, without educational level (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non· technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 14 lout of 218 B. In Rural Area. (i) Levels of education are very low in the community. Illiterate 11,976 6,333 5,643 There are only 5 males who can boast of having attained (ii) Literate, without an educational level of Matriculation & above. There is educational level 473 447 26 not even a single female who has attained educational (iii) Primary or Junior standard of even the Primary or Junior Basic. The table Basic 41 41 alongside gives the various educational levels attained by (iv) Matriculation and the community by sex. above 5 5

26 DISPERSAL OF MEHTARS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE'-EACH DOl IIEPHSEN1S SO PERSONS

The bulk of the community resides in the districts of mostly Jives in Bhadra, Ganganagar, Nohar and Hanu­ Ganganagar, lalor and Chitorgarh where 82.9 per cent of mangarh tehsils of district Ganganagar; lalor & laswant­ their population resides. The following table gives their pura tehsils of district lalor; and Dungla and Bhadesar distribution in various districts : tehsils of district Chitorgarh. Their population in these tehsils is contained in the following table: Population District Absolute Percentage District Tehsil Population Ganganagar 4,955 39.7 lalor 2,855 22.9 Ganganagar Bhadra J,I40 Chitorgarh 2,539 20.3 Ganganagar 1.048 Udaipur 709 5.7 Nohar 989 Sirohi 340 2.1 Hanumangarh 613 Bhilwara 241 1.9 Jalor Jalor 1,950 Bikaner 210 1.7 laswantpura Pali 207 1.7 657 Kota 143 1.1 Chitorgarh Dungla 932 Others 295 2.3 Bhadesar 90S Total 12,495 100.0 As alrcady stated, the community of Mehtars is not found in the urban areas and is confined only to the Within these districts. the population of the Mehtars rural areas cf the State.

27 VALMIKI

ALSO ALLlBD to the Bhangis, the Valmikis arc traditionally a community of sweepers and scavangers. In the caste hierarchy they are ranked alongwith the Bhangis. They claim descent POPULATION BY RELIGION from the Valmiki, the author of the great Hindu epic 'Ramayana'. They Religions Persons havc practically left thcir traditional occupation of sweeping & scavanging. Rural Urban There are 6,462 Valmikis in Rajasshan forming 0.19 per cent of the total Total 5,668 794 Scheduled Caste populatbn of the State. A large number of them profess 1. Hindus 3,444 721 the Hindu religion as may be seen in the table alongside which gives their 2. Sikhs 2,224 73 distribution in the rural and urban areas by religion. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is as follows:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 3,452 3,010 1,921 1.528 1,391 1,335 129 134 S S 6 8 0-14 1,517 1,433 1,494 1,396 18 31 5 6 15-44 1,454 1,258 3~6 101 1,030 1,126 32 30 S 1 1 45+ 456 289 18 1 341 178 97 104 5 1 Age not stated 2S 30 23 30 2

Most of the Valmikis reside in the rural areas where they cultivate small patches of land, work as agricultural labourers and in sundry jobs. Participation of their women-folk in economic activities is not much but some help in cultivation, work as agricultural labourers or employ themselves in sundry jobs. In the urban areas they have taken to all types of services. The table below gives their distribution in various industrial categories by sex and by the rural and urban areas of the State. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 36.23 57.18 12.19 57.19 9.46 57.14 29.58 As Cultivator 5.26 7.76 2.39 8.61 2.77 1.04 As Agricultural Labourer 19.58 33.08 4.09 37.17 4.69 0.52 0.24 In Mining, Quarrying, Live~tock, etc. 0.40 0.70 0.07 0.71 0.08 0.52 In Household Industry 0.54 0.87 0.16 0.88 0.19 0.78 In Manufacturing 0.77 1.01 0.50 1.11 0.23 0.26 2.20 In Construction 1.02 1.88 0.03 1.99 0.04 1.03 In Trade & Commerce 0.13 0.23 0.23 0.26 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.96 1.77 0,03 0.49 11.95 0.24 In Other Services 7.57 9.88 4.92 6.00 1.46 40.78 26.90 Non-workers 63.77 42.82 87.81 42.81 90.54 42.86 70.42

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is very low in the community. It comes to 7.8 Educational levels Persons Males Females per cent in case of males and 0.7 per cent in case of A. In Urban Area. females. (i) Illiterate 734 336 398 (ii) LITERACY AMONG VALMIKIS Literate, without educational level 54 43 11 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 6 6 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Raral Area. lout of 13 lout of 143 (i) Illiterate 5.437 2,846 2,591 Levels of education achieved by the community are very (ii) Literate, without low. There are only 43 persons including 2 females who educational level 191 185 6 have attained the educational level of Primary or Junior (iii) Primary or Junior Basic. Three persons have reached the stage of Matricu­ Basic 37 35 2 ~ation and above in the rural areas and two out of them, (iv) Matriculation and It may be noted, are females. above 3 1 2

28 DISPERSAL OF VALMIKIS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE:-EACH DOT REPRESENTS ~O PERSONS

C[N'US RAJASTHAN The bulk of the community resides in district Ganga­ the total urban population is located in district Ganga­ nagar where 94.5 per cent of their total population resides. nagar alone where also their strength is only 622. The The following table gives their distribution in various rest reside in Jaipur and Churu districts. districts: In the rural areas the Valmikis are mostly concen­ Population trated in Ganganagar and Padampur tehsils of district Distri.:t Absolute Percentage Gangana~r. The following table gives their distribution Ganganaiar 6,104 94.5 in the rural areas of various tehsils of district Jaipur 128 2.0 Ganganagar : Churu 76 1.2 Jhalawar 57 0.9 District Tehsil Population Bikaner 47 0.7 Alwar 27 0.4 Ganganagar Ganganagar 1,607 Jodhpur 13 0.2 Padampur 1,515 Bundi 6 0.1 Raisioghnagar 825 Sawai Madhopur 2 N Karanpur 526 Bharatpur 2 N Anupgarh 496 Total 6,462 100.0 Hanumangarh 326 Nohar 100 Only 12 per cent of the community resides in the Bhadra 61 urban centres of Rajasthan. More than three-fourth of Suratgarh 26

29 CHURA

A CASTE of sweepers and scavangers, the Churas are allied to the Bhangis and claim similar social status in the caste hier- archy. With the course of time they have almost given up their traditional POPULATION BY RELIGION occupation. There are 10.859 Churas in Rajasthan constituting 0.32 Persons per cent of the total Scheduled Caste population. Of the total Churas in Religions Rural Urban the State 51.4 per cent profess the Sikh reli~ion. The table alongside give~ Total 107,68 9t the distribution of the community by the rural and urban areas and by I. Hindus 5,194 85 religion. Their distribution by br01d age-groups and by mlrital status 2. Sikhs 5,574 6 according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Age-group Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 4,745 6,114 3,303 3,333 1,308 2,370 122 374 7 8 5 29 0-14 2,726 3,181 2,697 3,091 21 '(.7 I 3 4 3 15-44 1,470 2,311 585 230 849 1,899 32 157 3 3 1 22 45+ 544 620 16 10 438 384 89 214 5 1 7 Age not stated 5 2 5 2

The bulk of the community live in the rural areas of the State and are engaged in cultivation and work as agricultural labourers, at household industry and in sundry occupations. The participation of their women folk in economic activities is remarkably low. In the urban areas they are mostly engaged in manufacturing other than household industry and in sundry occupations as may be observed from the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 24.10 43.27 9.22 43.02 9.11 62.30 33.33 As Cultivator 7.76 13.49 3.32 13.67 3.34 As Agricultural Labourer 1 ],47 ]9.28 5.40 19.36 5.42 13.12 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.02 0.04 004 In Household Industry 1.04 2.28 0.08 2.3! 008 In Manufacturing 0.34 044 0.26 0.19 0.10 19.67 33.33 In Construction 0.12 0.28 026 ),(4 In Trade & Commerce 0.09 0.21 0.15 4.92 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.15 0.34 0.21 9.84 In other Services 3.11 6.91 0.16 6.83 0.17 13.11 Non-workers 75.90 56.73 90.78 56.98 90.89 37.70 66.67

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community specially among the Educational levels Persons Males Females females. While only 5.5 per cent of the males are literate. the female literacy is as low as 0.4 per cent. A. In "Crban Areas LITERACY AMONG CHURAS (i) Illiterate 86 56 30 (ii) Literate, without educational level 5 5 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of IS lout of 278 B. In Rural Areas The level of education in the community is also poor. (i) Tlliterate 10,490 4.428 6.062 Fifty persons with Primary or Junior Basic & three with (ii) Literate, without the Matriculation & above standard are all that form the educational level 225 204 21 educated society of the Churas. The table alongside (ii:) Primary or Junior presents the various educational levels attained by the Basic 50 0 ccmmunity separately by sex and by the urb:ln and rural (iv) Matriculation and areas of the State. above 3 3

30 DISPERSAL OF CHURAS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE - E .. C~ DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

The bulk of the community in Rajasthan resides in and Hanumangarh tehsils of district Ganganagar. The its district Ganganagar. The distribution of the Churas following table gives their distribution in various tehsils: in this and various other districts is contained in the District Tehsil Population following table: Ganganagar Karanpur 4,628 District Population Padampur 2,340 Absolute Percentage Ganganagar 10,796 99.4 Ganganagar 1,610 Churu 34 0.3 Hanumangarh 1,264 Jhunjhunu 28 0.3 Bhadra 377 Udaipur 1 N Nohar 206 Total 10,859 100.0 Suratgarh 181 Anupgarh 80 Almost all the Churas are located in the rural areas. Raisinghnagar 19 Only about 1 per cent of the community resides in Chum 26 urban areas of Rajasthan and all of it is located in Ratangarh 7 Ganganagar district where also its strength is only 91. Rajgarh 1 In the rural areas of the State the Churas are mainly Jhunjhunu 28 concentrated in the Karanpur, Padampur, Ganganagar Udaipur Sarada

31

3. CASTES TRADITIONALLY ASSOCIATED WITH CRAFTS KOLI

( also called Kod or Koria I

TRADITIONALLY ASSOCIATED with the art of weaving, the Kolis are a fairly large community in Rajasthan and form the sixth largest group in the Scheduled Castes of the State. All of them POPULATION BY RELIGION profess the Hindu religion. Their dispersal in the rural and urban areas Persons Religions of the State alongwith the religion professed by them is contained in the Rural Urban table alongside. There are 148,513 Kolis in Rajasthan constituting Total 100,636 47,877 4.41 per cent of Its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution 1. Hindus 100,636 47.877 by broad age-groups and by marital status according to Census 1961 is 2. Sikhs contained in the table below:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 76,683 71,830 36.880 27,872 35,323 37,125 4,378 6,762 77 36 25 3S 0--14 31,803 29,381 30,901 26,264 841 3,070 31 23 14 8 16 16 15-44 32,196 31,475 5,671 1,536 25.176 28,157 1,318 1.747 28 21 3 14 45+ 12,623 10,894 284 23 9,278 5,869 3,020 4,991 35 7 6 4 Age not stated 61 80 24 49 28 29 9 1 1

Most of the Kolis are located in the rural areas of the State where they cultivate land, work at the household industry of weaving of coarse cotton cloth and also work as agricultural labourers and as artisans. In urban areas they are engaged in sundry jobs. Their distribution in various industrial categories is as under:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 45.36 56.34 33.64 59.80 41.29 49.21 17.19 As Cultivator 16.23 18.89 13.39 27.23 19.19 1.72 0.92 As Agricultural Labourer 4.18 4.26 4.09 6.21 5.74 0.23 0.'5 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.80 1.23 0.35 1.62 0.45 0.42 0.15 In Household Industry 11.04 12.00 10.02 14.52 11.39 6.82 7.06 In Manufacturing 1.97 2.99 0.88 0.94 0.29 7.22 2.13 In Construction 2.56 4.39 0.61 1.82 0.13 9.68 1.65 In Trade & Commerce 0.49 0.78 0.18 0.42 0.13 1.50 0.28 In Transport. Storage & Communication 1.81 3.48 0.02 0.41 N 9.81 0.06 In Other Services 6.28 8.32 4.10 6.63 3.97 11.81 4.39 Non-workers 54.64 43.66 66.36 40.20 58.71 50.79 82.81

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is lew in the community specially among Educational levels Persons Males Females females. The percental;e of literates among males is 16.6 A. In Urban Areas while it is only 1.5 in case of females. (i) Illiterate 40,081 18,218 21,863 UTERACY AMONG KOLIS (ii) Literate, without educational level 6,929 6,053 876 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 540 509 31 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 287 249 38 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas {vi) University and technical degrees 39 39

lout of 6 lout of 68 B. In Rural Areas Only thirty nine males have reached the educational (i) Illiterate 94,638 45,722 48,916 level of University or Post Graduate degree. Out of (ii) Literate, without the three hundred and thirty two persons who have educational level 5,465 5,375 90 attained the educational level of Matriculation or Higher (iii) Primary or Junior Secondary. only thirty nine are females. The table Basic 488 474 14 alongside presents the various educational levels (iv) Matriculation and -attained by the community. above 45 44

34 DISPERSAL OF KOLIS (IN RU~AL AREAS)

NOTE. - £ACli OOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

Although the Kolis are a fairly widespread commu­ of Ajmer and Bharatpur only. The districts of Tonk, nity, they are concentrated in the districts of Jaipur, Alwar, Kota, Sawai Madhopur and Jaipur have also Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur and Ajmer where 62.5 per significant number of Kalis ranging from 2,500 to 7,500. cent of their total population resides. Their dispersal in various districts is given in the following table: In the rural areas they are cocentrated in Dausa, Lalsot, Bassi and Sikrai tehsils of district Jaipur; Weir Population tehsil of district Bharatpur; Rajgarh and Lachhmangarh District Absolute Percentage tehsils of district Alwar; Reodhar tehsil of district ]aipur 27,365 J8.4 Sirohi; tehsil of district ]alor and Chohtan Bharatpur 26,515 17.9 tehsil of district Barmer. Their population in these Sawai Madhopur 24,663 16.6 Ajmer 14,201 9.6 tehsils is as under: Alwar 13,97] 9.4 Sirohi 12,967 8.7 District Population Kota 11,627 7.8 Tehsil Jalor 4,339 2.9 Jaipur Dausa 3,957 Tonk 4.150 2.8 Lalsot 3.812 Barmer 2,946 2.0 Bassi' 2,794 Bundi 2,781 1.9 Sikrai 2,537 Others 2.988 2.0 Bharatpur Weir 2,809 Total 148,513 100.0 Alwar Rajgarh 5,300 Lachhmangarh 3,110 32 per cent of the population of Kolis resides in the Sirohi Reodhar 12,258 urban centres of Rajasthan. Nearly half of the total urban Jalor Sanchore 2.838 population of the community is located in the districts Barmer Chohtan 2,945 35 SARGARA

MAKERS OF arrows by tradition, the Sargaras derive their name from the Sanskrit word 'Shar' meaning arrow-head. They trace their origin from Valmiki, author of the great Hindu epic POPULATION BY RELIGION Ramayana. All of them profess the Hindu religion. There are 45,6~0 Religions Persons Sargaras in the State constituting 1.36 per cent of its total Scheduled Rural Urban Caste population. Bulk of them resides in rural areas of the State. Total 40,445 5,235 Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according I. Hindus 40,445 5,235 to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table: 2. Sikhs

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 23,770 21,910 10,990 8,030 H,953 11,658 783 2.198 36 18 8 6 0-14 ]0,097 8,953 9,129 7,584 951 1,332 13 35 1 4 1 15-44 10,055 9,565 1,810 418 7,956 8,561 266 575 20 7 3 4 45+ 3,618 3,390 51 27 3,046 1,764 504 1,588 16 10 1 I Age not stated 2 1 I

The Sargaras cultivate land, work as labourers in the fields, and are engaged in sundry jobs. They also work as trumpeters and drum beaters and prepare shafts of the arrows particularly in the tribal areas. The following table gives their distribution in various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas of the State:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 46.65 57.99 34.35 59.17 36.69 48.60 16.76 As Cultivator 23.80 29.10 18.04 32.24 20.10 4.15 2.67 As Agricultural Labourer 9.73 12.25 7.00 13.54 7.73 2.00 155 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.63 0.70 0.56 065 0.61 1.09 O.IS In Household Industry 1.14 1.26 1.00 1.35 1.04 0.60 0.70 In Manufacturing 0.44 0.69 0.18 0.23 0.05 4.34 1.12 In Construction 1.41 2.28 0.47 1.71 0.43 ~.82 0.74 In Trade & Commerce 0.41 0.35 0.48 0.11 0.Q7 2.19 3.52 In Transport. Storage & Communication 1.37 2.60 0.03 1.73 0.03 9.50 0.08 In Other Services 7.72 8.76 6.59 7.61 6.63 17.91 6.23 Non-workers 53.35 42.01 65.65 40.83 63.31 51.40 83.24

EDVCATIONAL LEYELS Literacy is low in the community specially among females. Educational levels Persons Males Females Only 0.6 per cent of females are literates while among male the literacy is 10.8 per cent. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 4,570 2,055 2,51S LITERACY AMONG SARGARAS (Ii) Literate, without educational level 627 5GO 67 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 26 25 \ivj Matriculation or Higher Secondary 12 12 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout or9 lout of 161 B. In Rural Areas (i) Illiterate 38,411 19,152 19,259 Levels of education are low in the community. There (ii) Literate, without are only 38 persons who have attained the educational educational level 1,880 1.816 64 level of Matriculation and above and none of them is a tiii} Primary or Junior female. The table alongside presents the various Basic 128 124 4 educational levels attained by it serarately by sex and by (iv) Matriculation and the urban and rural areas of the State: above 26 26

36 The Sargaras are mostly concentrated in districts while the rest is distributed in other districts of the Pali, Sirohi, Jalor and Jodhpur where 87 per cent of their State. total population resides. The following table gives their distribution by various districts: In rural areas they arc concentrated in tehails Bali, Desuri, Pali, and Kharchi of district Pali; tehsils Sirohi, and Pindwara of district Sirohi; tehsils District Population Absolute Percentage Ahore and Iaswantpura of district Ialor and tehsil Bilara Pali 19.006 41.6 of district Jodhpur. Their population ·in these tehsils is Sirohi 9.292 20.3 contained in the following table: Jalor 6,488 14.2 Jodhpur 4.957 10.9 District Tehsil Population Banswara 1,067 2.3 Pali Bali 5,089 Udaipur 1.022 2.2 Desuri 3,496 Barmer 980 2.1 Pali 2.471 Ajmer 799 1.8 Sojat 2.221 Nagaur 759 1.7 Kharchi 2,217 Others 1,310 2.9 Sirohi Sirohi 2,287 Total 45,680 100.0 Sheoganj 2,233 Pindwara 1,981 Only II per cent of the population of the Sargaras resides in the urban areas of the State. More than 80 Jalor Ahore 2,804 per cent of the total urban population of the community Jaswantpura 1,856 is concentrated in the districts of Jodhpur, Pali and Sirohi Jodhpur Bilara 1,923 37 MEHAR

(also called Mahars)

SPINNERS AND weavers of coarse cotton cloth by tradition, the community of the Mehars is also associated with the work of village watchmanship. In caste hierarchy they claim the status POPULAnON BY RELIGION equal to that of the Balais. Bulk of them profess the Hindu religion and Persons reside in the rural areas of the State. Their dispersal in the rural and Religions Rural Urban urban areas cif the State and the religion followed by them is contained Total 17,464 1.721 in the table alongside. There are 19,185 Mehars in Rajasthan constitu- 1. Hindus 17,394 1,721 ting 0.5 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distri- 2. Sikhs 70 bution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS.

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 9,985 9,200 4,460 2.936 4.941 5,174 532 1,062 40 22 12 6 0-14 4,038 3,486 3,816 2.858 198 622 4 3 9 2 11 1 15-44 4,210 4,341 597 64 3,417 3,956 ]74 302 21 15 1 4 45+ 1,728 1,365 39 6 1,326 596 354 757 9 5 I Age not stated 9 8 8 8 1

The Mehars. who mostly reside in the rural areas, are mainly engaged in cultivation. They also work as agricultural labourers. In urban centres they are engaged in suo dry jobs. Their distribution in various industrial categories is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 53.19 61.52 44.14 63.83 47.44 36.74 12.54 As Cultivator 30.63 34.96 25.93 37.95 28.50 2.93 1.38 As Agricultural Labourer 11.30 11.44 11.15 12.43 12.28 0.82 0.35 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 1.18 1.97 0.32 1.99 0.34 1.76 0.11 In Household Industry 1.28 1.82 0.69 1.95 0.76 0.47 In Manufacturing 0.73 J.I2 0.31 0.78 0.04 481 2.88 In Construction 1.19 2.02 0.29 1.68 0.20 5.63 1.15 In Trade & Commerce 0.38 0.57 0.17 0.39 0.02 2.47 1.61 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.39 0.75 0.38 4.70 In Other Services 6.11 6.87 S.28 6.28 5.30 13.15 5.06 Non-workers 46.81 38.48 55.86 36.17 52.56 63.26 87.46

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is ow specially among the females. 18 Educational levels Persons Males Females per cent of males and only 1.2 per cent of females in the A. In Urbau Area. community are literate. (i) Illiterate 1,382 550 832 (ii) LITERACY AMONG MEHARS Literate, without educational level 273 241 32 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 49 44 5 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary IS 15 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout of 6 lout of 82 (i) Illiterate 15,896 7,640 8,256 Levels 0 education are also low. There are only 34 (i i) Literate, without persons, none out of them is female, who have attained educational level 1,367 1,300 67 educational standard of Matriculation and above. The (iii) Primary or Junior table alongside presents the various educational levels Basic 184 176 8 attained by the community separately by sex and by the (iv) Matriculation and rural and urban areas of the State. above 17 17

38 DISPERSAL OF MEHARS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE: - EACH DOT REPRESENTS SO PERSONS

The Mehars are mostly concentrated in the districts population of the community about 98 per cent is located of Kota and Jhalawar where 82.1 per cent of their total in the districts of Kota, Bundi and Jhalawar. The population resides. Their dispersal in various districts is remaining 2 per cent are distributed in the districts of contained in the following table: Ganganagar, Sawai Madhopur, Jaipur and Jodhpur.

Population In the rural areas of Rajasthan they are mainly District Absolute Percentage concentrated in tehsils Baran. Anta, of district Kota; and tehsils, Khanpur. , Manohar­ Kota 8,820 46.0 thana and of district Jhalawar. Their population Jhalawar 6,920 36.1 in these tehsils is as under: Bundi 1,795 9.4 Cbitorgarh 621 3.2 District Tehsil Population Jaipur 562 2.9 Ganganagar 220 1.1 KOla Baran 797 Sikar 198 ].0 Anta 734 Others 49 0.3 Chhipabarod 793 Total 19,185 100.0 Jhalawar Khanpur 1,018 Bakani 1,216 Only 9 per cent of the population of Mehars resides Manoharthana 1,002 in the urban areas of the State. Of the total urban Pirawa 9.757

39 GAVARIA

MAKERS OF combs out of wood and sometime from the horns of animals, the Gavarias are a small but fairly widespread community. Except for a lone Sikh all of them profess the Hindu POPULATION BY RELIGION religion and the bulk of them reside in the rural areas of the State. The Persons table alongside presents their dispersal by the rural and urban areas. Religions Rural Urban There are 5,116 Gavarias in Rajasthan constituting 0.15 per cent of Total 4,375 741 its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad 1. Hindus 4,374 741 age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is 2. Sikhs I contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males females Males Females Total 2,705 2.411 1.255 836 1,370 1,366 80 153 4 2 0-14 1,180 1,027 1,073 852 106 173 I I 1 J5-44 1,126 1,027 179 34 926 967 21 26 45+ 398 357 2 333 226 53 126 4 Age not stated I

Besides conducting the household industry of comb making, the Gavarias cultivate lanJ, work as agricultural labourers and are engaged in trade and commerce andin sundry activities. Their dispersal in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table;

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 55.88 60.89 50.27 61.55 50.00 57.14 51.94 As Cultivator 18.78 23.48 13.52 26.58 15.13 5.91 3.58 As Agricultural Labourer 1.56 1.66 1.45 1.91 1.54 0.25 0.90 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.72 0.52 0.95 0.26 014 1.97 5.97 In Household Industry 20.70 21.74 19.54 22.71 20.28 16.25 14,93 In Manufacturing 2.74 2.07 3.49 2.00 3.52 2.46 3.28 In Construction 1.02 0.59 1.49 0.39 1.49 1.72 1.49 In Trade & Commerce 6.31 6.25 6.39 5.92 6.60 8.13 5.07 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.84 1.59 0.30 8.87 In Other Services 3.21 2.99 3.44 1.48 1.30 11.58 16.72 Non-workers 44.12 39. It 49.73 38.45 50.00 42.86 48.06

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy rates are low in the community while 7.6 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females of males in the community are literate only 0.5 per cent of females can read and write. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 682 353 329 LlTERACY AMONG GAV ARiAS (ii) Literate, without educational level 45 39 6 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 9 9 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary .5 .5 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

'to}iI'.- B. In Rnral Areas lout of 13 lout of 219 (i) Illiterate 2,411 2,146 2,071 Levels of education are low. Only five persons have (ii) Literate, without educational level been able to reach the educational level of Matriculation 154 149 5 (iii) Primary or Junior and above. The table alongside presents the various Basic 4 4 educational levels attained by the community separately (iv) Matriculation and by sex and by the prban and rural areas of the State. above

40 NOTE'- EACH DOT REPRESENTS ~O PERSONS

The Gavarias are spread all over the State. Their Bundi. The remaining population is distributed in dispersal by the districts of their main locations is other districts of the State. presented in the following table: Population In the rural areas, the Gavarias are mostly District Absolute Percentage concentrated in tehsil Begun of district Chitorgarh; Chitorgarh 623 12.2 tehsil Osian of district Jodhpur; tehsil Sri Madhopur of Jodhpur 452 8.8 district Sikar; tehsils and Barmer of district Sikar 450 8.8 Barmer; tehsils Kharchi and Sojat of district Pali and Barmer 429 8.4 tehsils Khetri and Chirawa of district Jhunjhunu. Their Churu 425 8.3 population in these !ehsils is as under: Alwar 382 7.5 Pali 360 7.0 District Tehsil Population Jalor 353 6.9 Chitorgarh Begun 542 Jhunjhunu 342 6.7 Jodhpur Osian 144 Nagaur 302 5.9 Sikar Sri Madhopur 159 Others 998 19.5 Barmer Sheo 229 Total 5,116 100.0 Barmer 154 About 14 per cent of the population of Gavarias Pali Kharchi 191 resides in the urban centres of Rajasthan. Nearly 6S Soja! 117 per cent of the total urban population of the community lhunjhunu Khetri 137 is concentrated in the districts of Sikar, Jodhpur and Chirawa 129

41 SALVI

ORIGINAL.LY BELIEVED to be migrants from , where they used to be associated with the ",eaving of silks, the Salvis are found mostly in Udaipur district. On their migration th:y are POPULATION BY RELIGION believed to have taken to th~ weaving of cotton. All of them profe-s Persons the Hindu religion. The table alongside gives their dispersal in the Religions Rural Urban rural and urban areas of the State and the religion professed by them. Total 1,763 1,556 There are 3,319 Salvis in the State constituting 0.1 per cent of its total I. Hindus 1,763 1,556 Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and 2. Sikhs by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STAnJS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Mdles Females Males Females Males Females Mdle5 Fem;!les Males females Males Females Total 1,710 1,609 675 494 977 937 52 173 6 5 0-14 577 553 526 4jO 50 72 I 1 15-44 877 841 14::! 12 705 776 19 51 5 2 45+ 256 215 I 2 221 89 32 i22 J 2 Age not stated

Members of this small community in the rUI al areas cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers and weave coar~e cotton cloth while those in the urban areas have taken to masonry and other sundry jobs. Their distribution in various industnal categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCEl'OTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban P.:rsons Malt!s Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 50.05 62.63 36.67 6J.SO 45.78 63.55 26.08 As Cultivator 20.64 23.74 17.34 43.21 32.14 2.22 0.14 A~ Agricultural Labourer U3 1.29 1.37 245 2.54 In Mining, Quarrying, Llvc~tock. etc. 0.30 0.15 0.25 0.11 0.12 062 0.40 In Household Industry 5.81 5.50 6.15 6.90 7.75 3.94 4.30 In Manufacturing 2.38 4.39 0.25 0.55 8.62 054 In Construction 6.45 7.72 5.09 0.78 0.92 15.39 9.95 In Trade & Commerce 1.45 2.63 0.19 1.45 0.11 3.94 0.27 In Transport, Storage & Communication 1.48 2.86 0,1)7 5.30 In Other Services 10.21 14.15 6.03 5.68 2.20 23.52 10.48 Non-workers 49.95 37.37 63.33 38.20 54.22 36.45 73.92

EDUCATIONAL LEYELS Literacy among the males is quite hIgh i. e. 27.4 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females but only 2.4 per cent of the females clain, to be literate. A. In Urban Areas 7]5 LITERACY AMONG SALVI S (i) Illiterate ],240 524 (ii) Literate, without educational level 303 276 27 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 4 4 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 7 7 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 4 lout of 4:! II. Tn Rnral Areas (i) Illiterate 'jIll 855 Levels of education are low. The number of pers.>ns (!i) Literate, without who have attained the educational level of Matriculation educational level 172 163 9 and above can be counted on finger tips. Various (iii) Primary or Junior educational levels attained by the community are Basic 18 17 1 contained in the table alongside separately by sex and by (i .. ) Matriculation and the urban and rural are:ls of the State. above

42 DISPERSAL OF SALVIS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE:-£"CH OOT REPRf.SENTS SO PERSQNS

CENSUS RAJASTHAN

The Salvis are mostly concentrated in district Udaipur persons have been reported are Chitorgarh, Jaipur and where 88.2 per cent of their total population resides. The Jalor. following table gives their dispersal in various districts: In the rural areas they are concentrated in ValJabhnagar, Girwa, Nathdwara, Mavli, Sarada, Population Gogunda and Rajsamand tehsils of district Udaipur and District Absolute Percentage Dungla tehsil of district Chitorgarh. Their population in Udaipur 2,926 88.2 these tehsils is contained in the following table: Chitorgarh 273 8.2 Jaipur 55 1.7 District Tehsil Population Jalor 54 1.6 Udaipur Vallabhnagar 403 Others 11 0.3 Girwa 362 Total 3,319 100.0 Nathdwara 321 MavIi 152 About half of the population of Salvis resides in the Sarada 135 urban centres of Rajasthan. As much as 87 per cent of the Gogunda 102 total urban population of the community is located in Rajsamand 76 district Udaipur alone. Other districts where a few Chitorgarh Dungla 119

43 GANCHA

( also called Garancha Mehtar)

TRADITIONALLY THE makers of baskets, the small community of Gancha or Garancha Mehtars is also associated with the work of scavanging. They trace their origin from the Rajputs. All POPULATION BY RELIGION of them profess the Hindu religion. There are 1,894 Gancha or Garancha Persons Mehtars in the State constituting 0.06 per cent of its Scheduled Caste Religions Rural Urban population. Their distrihution by broad age-groups and by marital status ~f~d~s 1,044 850 according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table: k Sikhs 1,044 850

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 935 959 437 418 451 446 46 94 I 1 0-14 355 446 338 392 16 54 1 15-44 462 394 98 26 345 346 18 22 45+ 118 119 I 90 46 27 72 Age not stated

The bulk of the community is engaged in their traditional occupation i.e. in household industry of making baskets from bamboos, reeds and grass etc. They also cultivate land and engage themselves in sundry jobs. Their women-folk actively participate in work. Their distributicn in various industrial categories is contained in the following table by the rural and urban areas of the State:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 55.97 62.35 49.74 61.01 49.54 63.86 50.00 As Cultivator 9.93 9.84 10.01 10.10 16.57 9.54 1.22 As Agricultural Labourer 0.37 0.43 0.31 0.81 0.55 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock etc. 0.37 0.75 0.61 0.91 In Household Industry 33.79 32.41 35.15 35.15 31.33 29.32 40.24 In Manufacturing 4.44 7.70 1.25 13.74 0.73 0.91 1.95 In Construction 0.26 0.53 1.14 In Trade & Commerce 0.53 1.07 2.27 In Transport, Storage & Communication 1.21 2.46 0.20 S.Ot) In Other Services 5.07 7.16 3.02 0.40 0.36 14.77 6.59 Non-workers 44.03 37.65 50.26 38.99 50.46 36.14 50.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy among males is quite high i.e. 19.9 per cent but Educational levels Persons Males Females among females it is very low i.e. only 0.4 rer cent. A. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMONG GANCHAS Ii) Illiterate 700 293 407 eii) Literate, without educational level 142 139 3 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 6 6 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 2 2 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees lout of 5 lout of240 B. In Rural Arpas Levels of education are very low. Only 15 persons have attained educational level of Primary or Junior Basic and (il Illiterate 1,004 456 548 the number of persons who have reached the stage of (ii) Literate, without educational level 31 30 Matriculation and above can be counted on finger tips. (iii) Primary or Junior The table alongside presents the various educational levels Basic 9 9 attained by the community separately by sex and by the (iv) Matnculation and urban and rural areas of the State. above

44 DISPERSAL OF GANCHAS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE'-EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

CENSUS RAJA$THAN The bulk of the community lives in the districts of urban population of the community is located in district Udaipur and Banswara where 68.6 per cent of its total Udaipur alone while Ajmer and Chitorgarh districts population resides. Their distribution in various districts have 25 and 15 per cent respectively. is contained in the following table: In rural areasthey reside mainly in tehsils SaJumber, Lasadia, Gogunda, Val1abhnagar and Kherwara of district Population Udaipur; tehsils Bagidora, Garhi and Kushalgarb of District Absolute Percentage district Banswara; tehsil Nainwa of district Bundi and Udaipur 781 41.2 tehsil Kanwas of district Kota. Their population in Banswara 5]9 27.4 these tehsils is as under: Ajmer 228 12.0 District Tehsil Population Chitorgarh 159 8.4 Udaipur Sal umber 94 Bundi 82 4.3 Lasadia 80 Jodhpur 34 1.8 Gogunda 62 Kota 33 1.8 Vallabhnagar 51 Bhilwara 31 1.7 Kherwara 25 Others 27 1.4 Banswara Bagidora 229 Total 1,894 100.0 Garhi 217 Kushalgarh 63 4S per cent of the population of Ganchas resides in Bundi Nainwa 82 the urban centres of Rajasthan. Nearly half of the total Kota Kanwas 12

45 TIRGAR

ALSO KNOWN as Kamangars, the small community of Tirgars in Rajasthan used to be the manufacturers of bows and arrows. They trace their origin from Rajputs and profess the Hindu POPULATION BY RELIGION religion. Their social status is higher than the Bhambis and the Persons Sargaras. They bury their dead. Quite a few of them are credited Religions Rural Urban with the art of setting the dislocated or fractured limbs of men and Total 1,080 79 animals with great precision. There are 1,159 Tirgars in the State. I. Hindus 1,080 79 The table below presents their distribution by broad age-groups and by 2. Sikhs marital status :

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 479 680 273 287 193 352 13 40 I 0-14 248 287 241 259 6 27 1 i 15-44 159 295 32 19 122 266 5 9 45+ 72 98 9 65 59 7 30 Age not stated

In the rural areas they cultivate land and work as agricultural labourers and also employ themselves in sundry jobs. In the urban areas they are engaged in household industry like weaving and sundry occupations. Their distribution in various incustrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 38.31 49.69 30.29 49.08 28.95 55.56 55.88 As Cultivator 25.80 30.06 22.79 32.72 23.84 4.45 2.94 As Agricultural Labourer 2.16 3.97 0.88 4.38 0.93 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. In Household Industry 4.83 3.97 5.44 0.92 3.25 33.33 47.06 In Manufacturing In Construction 1.12 2.50 0.15 2.31 4.45 2.94 In Trade & Commerce 0.34 0.84 0.69 2.22 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.09 0.21 0.23 In Other Services 3.97 8.14 1.03 7.83 0.93 11.11 2.94 Non-workers 61.69 50.31 69.71 50.92 7l.05 44.44 44.12

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community specially among Educational levels Persons Males Females females. While the percentage of the male literates comes to ) 5.9 per cent, literacy among the females is A. In Urban Area. only 04 per cent. (i) Illiterate 71 38 33 LITERACY AMONG TIRGARS (ii) Literate, without educational level 7 6 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 1 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout of 6 lout of 227 (i) Illiterate 1,009 365 644 Levels of education are low. There is only a single (ii) Literate, without person in the community who has attained an educational level 68 66 2 educational standard of Matriculation and above. The (iii) Primary or Junior table alongside presents the various educational levels Basic 3 3 attained by the community separately by sex and by the (iv) Matriculation and rural and urban areas of the State. above

46 DISPERSAL OF TIRGARS (IN RURAL AREAS)

N01E. - E~CH DOT REPRESENH SO PE~SONS

CINSUS RAJASTHAN

The distribution of the Tirgars in various di~tricts half of the total urban population lives in Jaipur district is contained in the following table: alone while the remaining resid~s in Barmer and Ganganagar districts. Population District Absolute P~rcentage In the rural areas the larger concentrations of the Jalor 406 35.0 Tirgars are found in tehsils Jalor, Jaswantpura, and Jhunjhunu 202 17.4 Sanchore of district Jalor; tehsil Udaipurwati of district Bikaner 199 17.2 Jhunjhunu; tehsils and Bikaner of district Sirohi 74 6.4 Bikaner and tehsil Bali of district Pali. Their population Pali 71 6.1 in these tehsils is contained in the following table Barmer 4'J 4.2 Jaipur 43 3.7 Ganganagar 39 3.4 District Tehsil Population Churu 38 3.3 Udaipur 36 3.1 Jalor Jalor 204 Bhilwara Z 0.2 Jaswantpura 111 Sanchore 76 Total 1.159 100.0 JhunJhum: Udaipurwati 202 Most of the population of Tirgars resides in the Blkaner Lunkaransar 129 rural areas. Only about 7 per cent of the community is Bikaner 62 localed in the urban centres of l

47 KOOCHBAND

( also called Kuc:bband)

TRADITIONALLY MAKERS or binders and repairers of indigenous brushes used in the process of sizing of cotton yarn and weaving of coarse cotton cloth by the Koli lind Mahar communities POPULATION BY RELIGION of weavers, the Koochbands form a very small community. They are Persons mainly concentrated in the urban areas of Sikar and Ganganagar districts Religions Rural Urban and rural areas of Jaipur district. There are only 505 Koochbands in Total 237 268 the State and all of them follow the Hindu religion. Their distribution I. Hindus 237 268 by broad age-groups and by marital status is contained in the 2. Sikhs following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Never married Married Age-group Total Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 274' 231 172 126 97 92 4 13 I 0-14 162 125 157 120 4 4 I 1 15-44 82 83 10 6 69 77 3 45+ 30 23 5 24 11 1 12 Age not stated

Majority of this community is engaged in household industry and sundry jobs. Theyalso cultivate land in which activity their women-folk also actively participate. Their distribution in various industrial categories separately by sex and by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 38.61 44.16 32.03 47.24 33.64 41.50 30.58 As Cultivator 6.73 256 11.69 1.57 2.73 3.40 19.83 As Agricultural Labourer In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.79 1.46 3.15 In Household Industry 5.74 4.01 779 6.30 15.45 2.04 0.83 In Manufacturing 178 1.46 2.16 4.55 2.72 In Construction In Trade & Commerce 2.18 1.46 3.03 0.79 2.04 5.79 In Transport, Storage & Communication In Other Services 21.39 33.21 7.36 35.43 10.91 31.30 4.13 Non-workers 61.39 55.84 67.97 :'5276 66.36 58.50 69.42

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is very low in the community. Only 3.6 Educational levels Persons Males Females per cent of the males and 1.3 per cent of the females have claims to literacy. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 258 139 119 LITERACY AMONG KOOCHBANDS (ii) Literate, without educational level 3 3 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 6 4 2 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout oC 28 lout of 77 (i) Illiterate 234 125 109 Levels of education are also very low. A single person (ii) Literate, without educational level 3 2 has attained the educational level of Matriculation and (iii) Primary or Junior above. The table alongside presents various educational Basic levels attained by the community separately by the urban (iv) Matriculation and and rural areas of the State. above

48 4. CASTES TRADITIONALLY ASSOCIATED WITH MUSIC & ENTERTAINMENT nOM

( also called DOD1e )

A WIDESPREAD caste of singers !lnd entertainers, the community of Dom is considered as having lower social status than Dholis. Their women-folk sing to the accompaniment of 'Duff' at the POPULATION BY RELIGION doors of their 'Jijmans' on festive occasions for which consideration Religions Persons they are given some gifts. The bulk of the community resides in the Rural Urban rural areas of the State and all of them profess Hindu religion as shown Total 22.383 5SS in the table alongside. There are 22,938 Doms in the State constituting I. Hindus 22,383 SSS 0.68 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution 2. Sikhs by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females MalC$ Females Males Females Males Females Total 11.576 11,362 5,304 3.918 5,709 6,092 504 1,334 45 12 14 6 0-14 4,732 4,558 4,336 3,714 372 831 13 11 I 10 2 15-44 4.942 4,906 923 191 3,845 4,388 140 316 30 8 4 3 45+ 1,901 1,887 45 8 1,491 869 351 1,005 14 4 1 Age not stated 1 11 5 1 4 2

They own small land holdings and are engaged in agriculture in the rural areas while in the urban areas they do sundry jobs. Their distribution in various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table;

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 48.08 57.78 38.20 57.83 38.78 55.61 18.98 As Cultivator 31.53 35.75 27.23 36.44 28.05 0.45 As Agricultural Labourer 3.68 4.08 3.27 4.16 3.36 In Mining, Quarrying, Live~tock, etc. 0.41 0.57 0.25 0.58 0.25 In Household Industry 1.05 1.43 0.66 1.46 0.68 In Manufacturing 0.30 0.53 0.06 0.41 0.06 6.73 0.30 In Construction 0.26 0.40 0.11 0.38 0.03 1.35 3.01 In Trade & Commerce 0.07 0.13 0.02 0.11 002 1.34 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.26 0.51 0.01 0.47 om 2.69 In Other Services 10.52 14.38 6.59 13.82 6.32 43.05 15.67 Non-workers 51.92 42.22 61.80 42.17 61.22 44.39 81.02

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is rairly high among males i.e. 21.9 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females while among females it is only 1 per cent. A. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMOl"G DOMS (i) Illiterate 529 20S 324 (ii) Literate, without educational level 19 14 5 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 5 3 2 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 2 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout of 5 lout of lOS (i) Illiterate 19,768 8,838 10,930 (ii) Literate, without Levels of education are low. The number of persons educational level 2,414 2,319 having attained the level of Matriculation and above can 95 be counted on fingers; one of them is a female. The (iii) Primary or Junior table alongside presents the educational levels attained Basic 193 188 5 by the community separately by sex and by the urban (iv) Matriculation and and rural areas of the State. above 8

50 DISPERSAL OF DOMS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE'- E .. CH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

The Doms are spread all over the State but are mostly is located in the districts of Ganganagar and Jodhpur, concentrated in the districts of Bhilwara, Pali, Chitorgarh while the rest are distributed in the other districts of and Udaipur. The table below gives their distribution the State. in vanous districts: In the rural areas their larger concentrations are in Population tehsils Mandai and Banera of district Bhil wara, tehsils District Absolute Percentage Bali, Jaitaran and Raipur of di~trict Pali; tehsil Gangrar Bhilwara 4,589 20.0 of district Chitorgarh; tehsils Shergarh, Phalodi and Pali 3,614 15.7 Bilara of district Jodhpur; tehsil Sujangarh of district Chitorgarh 3,025 13.2 Churu; and tehsil Ahore of district Jalor. The following Udaipur 2,792 12.2 table gives their population in these tehsils : Jodhpur 2,358 10.3 District Tehsil Population Churu 1,395 6.1 Bhilwara Mandai 674 Jalor 1,098 4.8 Banera 619 Ihalawar 657 2.8 Pali Bali 1,056 Sawai Madhopur 637 2.8 Jaitaran 728 Ganganagar 455 2.0 Raipur 501 Others 2,318 10.1 Chitorgarh Gangrar 466 Total 22,93& 100.0 Jodhpur Shergarh 545 Phalodi 490 Only about 2 per cent of the total population of Bilara 482 Doms resides in the urban centres of Rajasthan. Three Churu Sujangarh 469 fourth of the total urban population of the community lalor Ahore 647

51 KALBELIA

FOLLOWERS OF the Nath sect, the Kalbelias, popularly known as the Saperas or the snake charmers. form a widespread community mostly lo:::ated in the rural areas of the State. Their POPULATIO:"il BY RELIGION traditional occupation is begging by exhibiting reptiles which they rear. Religions Persons They are believed to be very clever in decoying the snakes, which feat Rural Urban they accomplish by playing plaintive strains on their musical instrument Total 12,189 501 called 'Poongi', made from the dried gourd. All of them profess Hindu 1. Hindus 12,189 501 religion. There are 12.690 Kalbelias in Rajasthan constituting 0.38 2. Sikhs per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by the marital status is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Married Age-group Total Never married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 6,927 5,763 3,977 2,630 2,671 2,720 248 404 11 4 20 5 0-14 3,152 2,678 2.986 2,46Z 150 214 2 1 3 1 11 )5-44 2,729 2,209 954 163 1,683 1,956 79 84 8 3 5 3 45+ 1,043 866 3.J 2 838 546 167 316 4 2 Age not stated 3 10 3 3 4 3

They are engaged in cultivation, in trade and commerce, in household industry, and in sundry occupations. Besides these they practise their traditional occupation of begging by exhibiting the reptiles. Their distribution in various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the table below:

PERCE!'JTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 32.2J 39.05 23.96 38.60 23.84 50.19 26.92 As Cultivator 9.04 10.34 7.48 10.65 7.78 2.62 0.43 As Agricultural Labourer 1.95 2.01 1.87 1.97 1.84 3.00 2.56 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock etc. 2.77 3.38 2.05 3.20 1.86 7.86 6.41 In Household Industry 5.20 6.06 4.16 6.26 4.34 1.12 In Manufacturing 1.88 2.48 1.14 2.22 1.16 8.99 0.85 In Construction 0.20 0.26 0.14 0.27 0.13 0.43 In Trade & Commerce 8.09 1076 4.88 10.24 4.54 23.60 12.82 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.02 0.04 0.04 In Other Services 3.05 3.72 2.24 3.75 2.19 3.00 3.42 Non-workers 67.80 W.95 76.04 61.40 76.16 49.81 7M8

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is distressingly low in the community. Only Educational levels Persons Males Females 2.5 per cent of males and 0.03 per cent of females are A. In Urban Areas literates. (i) Illiterate 484 251 233 LITERACY AMONG KALBELlAS (Ii) Literate, without educational level 16 15 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees lout of 40 lout of 2882 B. In Rural Areas Levels of education are also very low in the community. While the number of persons who have attained the 0) Illiterate 12,032 6,504 5,528 educational level of Primary or Junior Basic are nine, (ii) Literate, without educational level 145 14-t only four have done their Matriculation or Higher (iii) Primary or Junior Secondary but none of them a female. The table alongside Basic 9 9 presents the various educational levels attained by the (iv) Matriculation and community. above 3 3 DISPERSAL OF KALBELIAS (IN RUR~L ~RE~S)

NOTE: - EACH ~OT REPRE$!NTS 50 PfRSONS

CENSUS RAJASTHAN The Kalbelias are spread almost all over the State. In the urban areas Kalbelias constitute about 4 per The following table gives their dispersal by the districts cent of its total population in the State. 98 per cent of the of their main locations : total urban population of Kalbelias resides in the districts of Udaipur, Bundi, Pali and Ajmer. The rest resides in Churu and Banswara districts. Population District Absolute Percentage In the rural. areas they are concentrated in tehsils Jaitaran, Bali and Sojat of district Pali; tehsil Lasadia of Pali 2,036 16.0 district Udaipur; tehsil Mandalgarh of district Bhilwara; Udaipur 2,030 16.0 tehsil Ajmer of district Ajmer and tehsil Reodhar of Bhilwara 1,384 10.9 district Sirohi. Their population in these tehsiis is as Ajmer 1,378 10.8 follows: Chitorgarh 1,209 9.5 Sirohi 670 5.3 District Tehsil Population Bharatpur 330 2.6 Pali Jaitaran 648 Banswara 327 2.6 Bali 348 Jhalawar 326 2.6 Sojat 323 Kota 319 2.5 Udaipur Lasadia 301 Ganganagar 301 2.4 Bhilwara Mandalgarh 315 Others 2,380 18.8 Ajmer Ajmer 628 Total 12,690 100.0 Sirohi Reodhar 390

53 NAT

( also called Nuts)

ONCE CLASSIFIED as a criminal tribe, the small but widespread community of Nats is traditionally associated with singing, dancing and performing acrobatics. Their performances, in which their POPULATION BY RELIGION women-folk participates, mainly consist of rope dancing and clever antics Persons with long bamboos in which art they train their children from the very Religions Rural Urban infancy. All of them profess the Hindu religion and are located mainly in Total 10,473 2.3 the rural areas of the State as would be observed from the table alongside. l. Hindus 10,473 233 There are 10,706 Nats in Rajasthan con~tituting 0.32 per cent of its total 2. Sikhs Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is as under: AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Male. Females Males Females Males Females Total 5,497 5,209 2.730 2,092 2.527 2.6152 229 444 8 7 3 4 0-14 2,454 2,195 2,199 1,887 241 303 10 2 4 1 2 15-44 2,236 2,242 476 185 1.678 1,948 76 103 3 6 3 45+ 799 770 50 19 605 411 143 338 I 2 Age not stated 8 2 5 1 3 1

Besides their traditional occupation, they are mainly engaged in cultivation and work as agricultural labourers in the rural areas. In the urban centres they are engaged in sundry occupations. Their distribution in various industrial categories separately by sex and by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 34.58 43.55 25.11 43.71 25.59 35.71 4.96 As Cultivator 18.04 21.74 14.13 22.17 14.39 0.89 3.31 As Agricultural Labourer 5.10 5.69 4.47 5.66 4.54 7.14 1.65 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock. etc. 0.81 1.24 0.36 1.26 0.37 In Household Industry 1.91 2.17 1.65 2.21 1.69 In Manufacturing 0.15 0.25 0.04 0.26 0.04 In Construction 0.18 0.35 0.24 5.36 In Trade & Commerce 0.61 1.07 0.12 1.10 0.12 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.21 0.42 0.43 In Other Services 7.57 10.62 4.34 10.38 4.44 22.32 Non-workers 65.42 56.45 74.89 56.29 74.41 64.29 95.04

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is quite low in the community. Only 8.2 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females of the males and 0.4 per cent of females claim to be A. In Urban Areas literate. (i) Illiterate 197 76 121 LITERACY AMONG NATS (ii) Literate, without educational level 30 30 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 6 6 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 12 lout of 226 n. In Rural Areas (i) Illiterate 10,037 4,972 5,065 Levels of education are also very poor in the community. (!i) Literate, without One and a half dozen person~ have read up to the educational level 417 397 20 educationallevel of Primary or Junior Basic and only a (iii) Primary or Junior single person has reached the educational level of Matri­ Basic 18 IS 3 culation and abve as would be seen from the table (iv) Matriculation and alongside. above

54 DISPERSAL OF NATS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE. - EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

CE,..SUS AAJASTHAH

The Nats are spread all over the State. They are, 6S per cent of the total urban population of Nats is however, conspicuous by their absence in district located in the districts of Jodhpur, Bharatpur and Jaisalmer. The table below gives their distribution by the Harmer. The rest are distributed in the other districts districts of their main locations: of State. Population District Absolute Per~ntage In the rural areas of Rajasthan they are concentrated in Alwar tehsil of district Alwar; Jodhpur tehsil of district Jaipur 993 9.3 1odhpur; BharatPur tehsil of district Bharatpur; Ajmer Bhilwara 887 8.3 tehsil of district Ajmer; Nawai tehsil of district Tonk and Alwar 810 7.6 Kharchi, Sojat and Desuri tehsils of district Pali. Their Jodhpur 797 7.4 population in these tehsils is as under: Bharatpur 794 7.4 Ajmer 756 7.1 District Tehsil Population Sawai Madhcpur 715 6.7 Udaipur 551 5.1 Alwar Alwar 321 Tonk 466 4.3 Jodhpur Jodhpur 339 Jhalawar 457 4.3 Bharatpur Bharatpur 318 Others 3,480 32.5 Ajmer Ajmer 277 Total 10,706 100.0 Tonk Nawai 303 Pali Kharchi 526 Only about 2 per cent of the total population of the Sojat 270 community resides in the urban centres of Rajasthan. Desuri 251

55 DROLl

TRADITIONALLY MUSICIANS aDd drummers, who trace the origin of their name from the 'Dhol'Le. the drum. the Dholis have been notified as Scheduled Caste only in the Ajmer district. POPULATION BY RELIGION Variously called as Nakkarchi, Damami, Jachak, Rana and Sharat, their Persons females are called Dholans, who sing but are not expected to dance for Religions Rural Urban anybody. They profess the Hindu religion and are mainly located in the Total 3,996 938 rural areas. There are 4,934 Dholis constituting 0.15 per cent of its total 1. Hindus 3,996 938 Scheduled Caste population. The table alongside gives their dispersal in 2. Sikhs the rural and urban areas. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 2,685 2,249 1;172 758 1.364 1,253 137 235 8 2 4 I 0-14 907 850 789 657 109 193 5 2 2 15-44 !,261 1,028 37.t 98 840 880 41 47 5 2 1 45+ 517 371 9 3 415 180 91 188 1 1 Age not stated

The Dholis cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers and are also engaged in sundry jobs. Women also participate in work alongside their men-folk. The table below gives their distribution by industrial categories separately for the rural and urban areas of the State:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 47.28 50.20 43.80 57.45 47.78 23.74 22.99 As Cultivator 25.11 24.47 25.88 # 30.93 30.83 0.87 As Agricultural Labourer 5.45 4.62 6.45 5.55 7.68 1.21 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.47 0.56 0.36 0.52 0.42 0.69 In Household Industry 2.05 2.64 ].33 3.13 ].33 0.87 1.38 In Manufacturing 0.73 0.71 0.76 0.24 2.43 4.71 In Construction 0.55 0.97 0.04 0.62 0.05 2.25 In Trade & Commerce 0040 0.48 0.31 0.43 0.05 0.69 1.66 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.81 1.49 0.76 4.16 In Other Services 11.71 14.26 8.67 15.27 7.42 10.51 15.24 Non-workers 52.72 49.80 56.20 42.55 52.22 76.26 71.01

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy Among the males is quite high (38.4 per cent) Educational levels Persons Males Females but is low (4.4 per cent) among the females. A. In Urban Area. (i) Illiterate 649 312 337 LITERACY AMONG DHOLIS (ii) Literate, without educational level 278 2)7 21 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 6 4 2 {iv} Matriculation or Higher Secondary 5 4 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 3 lout of 22 B. In Rural Areas (i) Illiterate 3,155 Levels of education are, however low. The number of 1,343 1,812 (ii) Literate, persons who have reached the educational level of without educational Matriculation and above is limited to half a dozen. One level 785 715 70 (iii) Primary or Junior of these is a female. The table alongside presents Basic 55 49 6 the various educational levels attained by the community (IV) Matriculation and separately by sex and by the urban and rural areas. above

56 NOTE' - EACH DOT REPRESENTS SO PERSONS

As alre.ldy staled, the community of Dholis is in the urban areaS of the district where their strength consider;;d as Scheduled Caste only in Ajmer district. is only 938 . Their dispersal in the rural areas of various tehsils is contained in the following table: The Dholis are rated as very low in the Caste hierarchy of the Hindus. Although they beg from every caste, it District Tehsil Population is interesting to note that they too hav.e a class of persons, called Gadh Munga, who beg from the Dholis. The Ajmer Ajmer 1,504 Dholis have their own 'Bhats' who preserve their Kekri I,OG4 genealogies. A special peculiarity of this Scheduled 802 Caste is that no daughter is taken in marriage from a Sarwar 227 family to which one is given, for four generations. 'Nata' Arain 174 is also not permitted in this community. Rupnagar 156 Kishangarh 69 Claiming descent from the Rajputs, they trace their origin from Mala Nur who is believed to have performed 19 per cent of the total popUlation of Dholis resides in the marriage procession of Lord Rama

57 RAWAL

TRADITIONALLY entertainers, particularly for the community of the Charans for whom chiefly they perform and whom they follow in their customs and manners, the Rawals wander in groups POPULATION BY RELIGION of twelve from village to village for a night long show. They are also Persons referred to as the bards, beggers and carriers of the Charans. They Religions Rural Urban profess the Hindu religion and bulk of them reside in the rural areas of Total 4,560 96 the State as shown in the table alongside. There are 4,656 Rawals in the 1. Hindus 4,560 96 State constituting 0.14 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. 2. Sikhs Their distribution by broad age-groups and by maritalstatus according to the Census 1961 is as under:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 2,413 2,243 1,206 883 1,116 1,160 86 194 S 1 S 0-14 1,090 1,033 998 833 89 194 3 2 4 15-44 972 904 202 25 741 836 25 42 4 1 45+ 350 302 6 21 285 J30 58 ISO 1 Age not stated 1 4 4 1

Rawals are mainly engaged in cultivation and in the weaving of coarse cotton cloth and tapes and also in sundry occupations. Their dispersal in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas ofthe State is as under:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 53.33 59.80 46.37 60.71 46.88 24.59 14.29 As Cultivator 41.52 42.48 40.48 43.54 40.99 1.64 8.57 As Agricultural Labourer 1.70 ].62 1.78 1.62 1.81 1.64 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 2.47 3.98 0.85 4.(18 0.86 In Household Industry 3.41 4.81 1.92 4.89 1.95 1.64 In Manufacturing 0.09 0.16 0.17 In Construction 0.24 0.33 0.13 0.34 0.14 In Trade & Commerce 0.45 0.87 o.n 6.56 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.32 0.62 0.55 3.28 In Other Services 3.13 4.93 1.21 4.80 1.13 9.83 5.72 Non-workers 46.67 40.20 53.63 39.29 53.12 75.41 55.71

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community. While 10.6 per cent of Educational levels Persons Males Females the: males are literate only 0.5 per cent of the females A. In Urban Area. know how to read and write. (i) Illiterate 66 41 25 LITERACY AMONG RAWALS (ii) Literate, without educational level 26 18 8 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 2 2 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 2 2 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) UniVersity and technical degrees

B. ID Rural Area. lout of 9 lout of 204 (i) Illiterate 4,324 2,117 2,207 Levels of education are also low. Seventeen persons have (ii) Literate, without attained the educational level of Primary or Junior Basic educational level 217 216 and only six have reached the standard of Matriculation (iii) Primary or Junior and above, two of these are females. The table alongside Basic IS IS presents the various educational levels attained by the (iv) Matriculation and community in the urban and rural areas of the State. above 4 4

58 DISPERSAL OF RAWALS (IN RURAL AREAS)

"OT".- EACH DOT IIEPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

The Rawals are mostly concentrated in the districts 94 per cent of the total urban population of Rawals is of Udaipur and Bhilwara where 62 8 per cent of their located in the districts of Chitorgarh, Pali, Kota, Sikar total population resides. Their dispersal in various and Jodhpur. The remaining is located in Ganganagar, districts is contained in the table below: Jaipur, Tonk and Udaipur districts. Population District Absolute Percentage In rural areas, tehsils Vallabhnagar and Bhim of district Udaipur; tehsils Mandai and Raipur of district Udaipur 1,783 38.3 Bhilwara; tehsils Ajmer and Kekri of district Ajmer; tehsi! Bhilwara 1,140 24.5 Bali of district Pali and tehsil Jaswantpura of district Ajmer 475 10.2 Pali Jalor have substantial number of RawaJs. The 283 6.1 following table gives their population in these tehsils: Chitorgarh 242 5.2 Ialor 141 3.0 District Tehsil Population Banswara 99 2.1 Sikar 76 1.6 Udaipur Vallabhnagar 1,446 Jaipur 65 1.4 Bhim 246 Jhunjhunu 64 1.4 Bhilwara MandaI 925 Others 2S8 6.2 Raipur 156 Total 4,656 100.00 Ajmer Ajmer 302 Kekri 134 Only 2 per cent of the total population of Rawal Pali Bali 167 ,community resides in the urban areas of Rajasthan. Jalor Jaswantpura 105

59 BRAND

KNOWN FOR their ready wit and humour; their art of story telling, jokerry and buffoonery, the Bhandi provide entertain· ment and fun to the people on festivals and feasts with the aid of their POPULATION BY RELIGION exciting fables and satires. Most of th~m profess the Hindu religion Persons and arc located in the rural are as of the State. The table alongside Religions Rural Urban presents their dispersal by the rural and urban areas of the State. There Total 3,726 577 are 4,303 in Rajasthan constituting 0.13 per cent of its total 1. Hindus 3,717 577 Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups 2. Sikhs 9 and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 2,145 2,153 1,127 891 933 1,090 79 173 4 2 4 0-14 1.005 983 935 850 67 132 1 4 1 I 2 15-44 849 880 186 37 642 804 19 38 2 1 45+ 291 289 6 4 224 154 59 131 1 Age not stated 1

The Bhands cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers and are engaged in sundry occupations, besides their traditional occupation of buffoonery. Their distribution in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is presented in tbe table below:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Categories Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 34.51 42.70 26.37 45.10 28.47 28.48 11.57 As Cultivator 16.20 20.00 12.42 22.71 13.92 3.88 1.87 As Agricultural Labourer 3.53 3.78 3.29 4.30 3.7u 0.65 0.37 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.88 1.30 0.46 1.47 0.43 0.32 0.7S In Household Industry 3.53 3.73 3.34 4.20 3.81 0.97 In Manufacturing 0.91 1.17 0.65 1.20 0.69 0.97 0.37 In Construction 0.93 1.16 0.69 1.20 0.79 0.97 In Trade & Commerce 1.65 2.00 1.30 1.80 1.27 3.24 1.49 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.21 0.42 0.27 1.30 In Other Services 6.67 9.14 4.22 7.95 3.86 16.18 6.72 Non-workers 65.49 57.30 73.63 54.90 71.53 71.52 88.43

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS General literacy is low in the community. While 19.4 Educational levels Persons Males Females percent of the males are literate only 1.3 per cent females A. know how to read and write. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMONG BHANDS (i) Illiterate 465 207 258 (ii) Literate, without educational level 97 87 10 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 14 14 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout of 5 lout of 77 Levels of education are also quite low. The highest (i) Illiterate 3,394 1,522 1,872 educational standard reached by tbree males of tbe (ii) Literate, without community is that of Matriculation and above and only eduoational level 302 286 16 two females have attained the educational level of (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 28 26 2 Primary or Junior Basic as would be seen from the table (iv) Matriculation and alongside. above 2 2

60 DISPERSAL OF BHANDS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE.- EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PER$ON$

CINSUS AA-lASTI1o\N With the exception of Ajmer, Jaisalmer and Bhands resides in the urban areas of Rajasthan. Nearly Dungarpur districts, the Bhands are spread all over the two-third of the total urban population of Bhands is State. Their dispersal in various districts is contained located in the districts of Jodhpur, Pali, Ganganagar and in the following table: Sikar; the remaining is distributed in other districts.

District Population In rural areas, tehsils Nohar, Ganganagar, Hanuman­ Absolute Percentage garh and Suratgarh of district Ganganagar; tehsil Bhim Ganganagar 916 21.3 of district Udaipur; tehsil Jahazpur of district BhiIwara; Chitorgarh 484 11.2 tehsil Alwar of district Alwar; and tehsil Deoli of district Udaipur 453 10.5 Tonk are those where a substantial number of Bhands Pali 305 7.1 reside as may be observed from the following table: Bhilwara 235 5.S Jodhpur 220 5.1 District Tehsil Population Jaipur 196 4.6 Ganganagar Nohar 209 Alwar 195 4.5 Ganganagar 187 Kota 169 3.9 Hanumangarh J85 Sawai Madhopur 167 3.9 Suratgarh 97 Jalor 154 3.6 Others 809 18.8 Udaipur Bhim 227 Total 4,303 100.0 Bhilwara .'ahazpur J38 Alwar Alwar 95 Around 13 per cent of' the total population of Tonk Deoli 108

61 KAMAD

(Also eaIled KamadJa)

CONSPICUOUS BY their saffron coloured clothes, the Kamads arc the wandering minsterals of Rajasthan. Both men and women move about the countryside singing songs in the praise of POPULATION BY RELIGION Ramdeo to the accompaniment of the Rawan Hatta or Tamboora. Persons Their women-folk tuck up brass pallets all over their garments and Religions Rural Urban produce rythemic sounds to enhance the musical effects of their Total 2,377 144 performances. They profess the Hindu religion and are mainly 1. Hindus 2,377 144 concentrated in the rural areas of the State as would be seen from 2. Sikhs the table alongside. There arc 2,521 Kamads in the State constituting 0.07 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Thcir distribution by broad aac-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is all under:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total ],300 1,221 575 440 651 674 66 102 5 3 4 0--14 548 470 466 405 79 63 1 1 1 2 15-44 527 574 97 32 408 510 21 31 1 1 45+ 224 174 12 3 164 101 44 70 3 Age not stated 1 3 1 2

They cultivate land and work as agricultural labourers while some arc engaged in sundry occupations. Their distribution by various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 51.01 58.69 42.83 58.38 43.31 62.92 32.73 As Cultivator 41.09 45.46 36.44 47.73 37.65 14.61 1O.9J As Agricultural Labourer 2.34 2.38 2.29 2.39 2.40 2.25 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.24 0.23 0.25 0.26 3.37 In Household Industry 1.86 1.92 1.80 1.98 1.71 1.12 3.64 In Manufacturing 1.15 1.85 0.41 1.16 0.09 11.23 7.27 In Construction 0.32 0.62 0.41 3.37 In Trade & Commerce 0.12 0.23 0.25 In Transport, Storage &. Communication In Other Services 3.89 6.00 1.64 4.46 1.20 26.97 10.91 Non-workers 48.99 41.31 57.17 41.62 56.69 37.08 67.27

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS General literacy is low in the community. While 18.7 Educational levels Persons Males Females percent of the males are literate only 1.3 per cent of A. Ia VrbaD Area. the females know how to read and write. (i) Illiterate 119 6S 54 LITERACY AMONG KAMADS (ii) Literate, without educational level 2S 24 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees lout of 5 lout of 76 B. In Rural Are •• Levels of education are also low. There are only three persons in the community who have attained an (i) Illiterate 2,143 992 1,151 educational level of Matriculation and above. Only two (ii) Literate, without educational level 212 199 13 females have reached up to Primary or Junior Basic. The (iii) Primary or Junior table alongside presents the various educational levels Basic 19 17 2 attained by the community seperate!y by sex and by the (iv) Matriculation and rural and urban areas of the State. above 3 3

62 DISPERSAL OF KAMADS (IN RURAL AREAS)

lOon· - EACH DOT REPRESENTS SO PERSONS

But for their absence in Ajmer, Tonk, Jaisalmer, Jalor. In rural areas, their concentration is in tehsils Sirohi and Banswara districts, the Kamads ere spread Sujangarh and Ratangarh of district Churu; tehsils all over the State. The following table gives their Lachhmangarh and Fatehpur of district Sikar; tehsil s population in various districts: Bhadra and Nohar of district Ganganagar; tehsil Shahpura of district Bhilwara; tehsils and District Population AbSOlute Percentage Merta of district Nagaur; and tehsil Gogunda of district Udaipur. Their population in these tehsils is Churu 455 18.1 contained in the following table: Sikar 372 14.8 Ganganagar 331 13.1 Bhilwara 235 9.3 Nagaur 219 8.7 District Tehsil Population Chitorgarh 219 8.7 Churu Sujangarh Udaipur 202 8.0 249 Jodhpur 121 4.8 Ratangarh 70 Jhunjhunu 56 2.2 Sikar Lachhmangarh 124 Kota 48 1.9 Fatehpur Others 263 10.4 8.3 Ganganagar Total 2,521 100.0 Bhadra 137 Nohar 81 Only 6 per cent of their total population resides in the Bhilwara Shahpura 79 urban areas of the State, more than three-fourth of which is located in the urban areas of Ganganagar, Nagauf Didwana 75 Chitorgarh and Churu districts and the remaining Merta 71 in Nagaur, Sikar, Harmer and JhunjhuDU districts. Udaipur Gogunda 74

63 BADI

AKIN To the Nats, but who refuse to call their females as 'Natni' and claiming descent from the Bhambis, is the community of the Badis. They show their acrobatic feats only to Meghwals or POPULATION BY RELIGION Bhambis. They are also called Baridars and serve the functions of a Persons Nai (barber) for the Bhambis. They all profess the Hindu religion Religions Rural Urban and are concentrated in the rural areas of the State as would be seen Total 1,26& 19 from the table alongside. There are only 1287 persons in Rajasthan 1. Hindus 1,268 19 which constitute the community. Their distribution by broad age-groups 2. Sikhs and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following tahle:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Unspecified Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 739 548 325 244 325 250 89 54 0-14 281 227 249 186 32 41 15-44 315 231 74 58 206 162 35 II 45+ 143 90 2 87 47 54 43 Age not stated

They cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers and are engaged in sundry occupations. They also make leaf cups and plates and practice their traditional occupation of acrobatics in the off season. Their distribution in various industrial categories is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Rural Urban Categories Total Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 46.70 64.68 22.45 64.76 21.58 50.00 53 33 A~ Cultivator 21.37 29.23 10.77 29.39 11.07 As Agricultural Labourer 3.96 3.65 4.38 3.67 4.50 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.16 0.36 0.38 In Household Industry 2.49 3.52 1.10 3.54 40.00 In Manufacturing 0.23 OAO 0.41 In Construction 0.31 0.27 0.36 0.27 0.38 In ,rade & Commerce 1.71 1.49 2.01 1.49 2.06 In ransport, Storage & Communication 0.08 0.18 0.19 In Other Services 16.39 26.12 3.29 25.99 3.00 50.00 13.33 Non-workers 53.30 35.32 77.55 35.24 78.42 50.00 46.67

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community. While 13.7 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females of the males are literate only 1.6 per cent of the females have claims to literacy. A. In Urban Areas LITERACY AMONG BADIS (i) Illiterate 6 6 (ii) Literate, without educational level 11 4 7 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 2 2 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 7 lout of 61 B. In Rural Areas Levels of education are low in the community. Only (i) Illiterate 1,171 638 533 eight persons, including two females, have done their (ii) Literate, without Primary or Junior Basic while a dozen males have reached educational level 79 79 the level of Matriculation and above. The table along­ (iii) Primary or Junior side presents the various educational levels attained by Basic 6 G the community separately by sex and by the rural and (iv) Matriculation and urban areas of the State. above 12 12

64 MOTE'- EACH OOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

The small community of Badis is mainly concentrated Only 1.5 per cent of the total population of the in the districts of Sirohi. Jodhpur and Pali where 73.3 community lives in the urban areas of the State. These per cent of its total population resides. Their dispersal urban areas are located in Jaipur and Pali districts. in various districts is contained in the following table: In the rural areas of Rajasthan the Badis are concen­ Population trated in tehsil Pindwara of district Sirohi; tehsils Bilara, District Absolute Percentage Shergarh and Jodhpur of district Jodhpur; tehsils Pali Sirohi 533 41.4 and Kharchi of district Pali; and tehsil Garhi of district Jodhpur 221 17.2 Banswara. Their population in these tehsils is as under: Pali 190 14.8 Banswara 85 6.6 District Tehsil Population Barmer 44 N Sirohi Pindwara 532 Churu 39 3.0 Jodhpur mlara 89 Bharatpur 38 3.0 Shergarh 73 Jaipur 36 2.8 Jodhpur 53 Ganganagar 27 2.1 Udaipur 20 1.5 Pali Pali 87 Others 54 4.2 Kharchi 73 Total 54 100.0 Banswara Garhi 58

65 BAZIGAR

( aI.o called Madarl Bazigar )

THE BAZIGARS are traditionally the magicians who show magic, and feats done by their pet animals like monkeys, dogs, goats and bears. Bulk of them profess the Hindu religion and reside in POPULATION BY RELIGION the rural areas of the State as would be seen from the table alongside Persons which presents their dispersal in the rural and urban areas of the State Religions Rural Urban and religion professed by them. This small community is composed of Total 422 220 only 642 persons. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital 1. Hindus 407 220 status is contained in the table below: 2. Sikhs 15

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 429 213 274 99 145 86 8 24 1 1 4 0-14 249 102 245 89 4 10 3 15-44 121 76 25 10 93 62 2 3 1 45+ 59 35 4 48 14 6 21 Age not stated

They cultivate land, work as labourers in the field and practise their traditional occupation. Their dispersal in various industrial categories, by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 23.05 25.64 17.84 27.27 17.22 23.53 21.21 As Cultivator 9.66 10.49 7.98 18.59 9.44 As Agricultural Labourer 0.47 0.70 1.24 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.15 0.23 0.41 In Household Industry 0.47 1.41 1.67 In Manufacturing In Construction 0.62 0.70 0.47 1.24 0.56 In Trade & Commerce 3.43 2.80 4.69 4.96 5.55 In Transport, Storage & Communication 3.27 4.89 11.23 In Other Services 4.98 5.83 3.29 0.83 12.30 21.21 Non-workers 76.95 74.36 82.16 72.73 82.78 76.47 78.79

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community. In case of females literacy is possibly worst of all the Scheduled Castes in Educational levels Persons Males Females the State and not even a single female knows 3R's. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 187 154 33 LITERACY AMONG BAZIGARS (ii) Literate, without educational level 26 26 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 6 6 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

In Rural Area.

lout of 10 NIL (i) Illiterate 411 231 180 (ii) Literate, without Levels of education are low in the community. A lone educational level 9 9 person only has attained the educational level of (iii) Primary or Junior Matriculation and above. Even those who have comp­ Basic 2 2 leted their Primary or Junior Basic are only limited to (iv) Matriculation and eight as will be seen from the table alongside. above

66 DISPERSAL OF BAZIGARS (IN RURAl. AREAS)

NOTE. - EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

The Bazigars are concentrated mainly in the districts alone. The rest is distributed in Ganganagar, Tonk and of Udaipur and Sikar where BO.l per cent of their total Bhilwara districts. population resides. The table below gives their dispersal in various districts: The Bazigars are concentrated in the rural areas of Girwa, Kherwara, Gogunda and Bhupalsagar tehsils Population of district Udaipur; Amber tehsil of district Jaipur; District Absolute Percentage Lachhmallgarh tehsil of district Sikar; Kishangarh and Sarwar tchsils of district Ajmer: and Anupgarh tehsil of Udaipur 201 31.3 district Ganganagar. Their population in these tehsils Jaipur 195 30.4 is as under: Sikar 118 18.4 Ajmer 56 8.7 District Tehsil Population Ganganagar 55 B.6 Udaipur Girwa 73 Tonk B 1.2 Bhilwara 7 1.1 Kherwara 60 Gogunda 39 Chitorgarh 2 0.3 Bhllpalsagar 29 Total 642 100.0 Jaipllr Amber 16 Sikar Lachhmangarh 118 Over one-third of the population of Bazigars resides Ajmer Kishangarh 28 in the urban areas of the State. More than BO per cent Sarwar 23 of this population is located in the district of Jaipur Ganganagar Anupgarh 29

67 BANSPHOR

MUSICIANS WHO provide company on the Dholak, Sarangi or the Rawanhatta to the dancing girls, the Bansphors are a tiny community in Rajasthan. All of them profess the Hindu religion POPULATION BY R~LIGION and are located mainly in the rural areas. The table alongside presents Persons their dispersal in the rural and urban areas of the State. There are only Religions Rural UrbaJI 751 Bansphors in the State and their-distribution by broad age-groups Total 522 229 and by sex according to the Census 1961 is presented in the table 1. Hindus 522 229 below: 2. Sikhs

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 357 394 156 130 188 216 10 47 3 1 0-14 121 139 109 125 12 14 15--44 176 195 26 5 142 177 6 13 2 45+ 60 60 21 34 25 4 34 1 Age not stated

The Bansphors are mainly engaged in the processing of skins, which is their main household industry. The skins processed by them are used specially in the mounting of drums and other musical instruments. They are engaged in sundry occupations in the urban areas but in the rural areas they cultivate land and also work as agricultural labourers. Their distribution by various industrial cltegories in the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 59.79 70.87 49.75 74.62 48.47 60.82 52.27 As Cultivator 9.06 13.17 5.33 18.08 8.02 As Agricultural Labourer 2.80 2.80 2.79 3.85 4.20 In Mining. Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.40 0.84 1.15 In Household Industry 32.89 40.34 26.14 43.46 26.33 31.76 25.76 In Manufacturing 10.65 9.24 1!.93 3.08 4.96 25.77 25.76 In Construction 0.53 1.12 1.54 In Trade & Commerce In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.13 0.28 1.03 In Other Services 3.33 3.08 3.56 3.46 4.% 2.06 0.15 Non-workers 40.21 29.13 50.25 25.38 51.S3 39.18 47.73

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS General literacy is low in the community. 18.8 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females of males and 2.0 per cellt of females are literate. A. Ia Urban Area. LITERACY AMONG BANSPHORS (i) Illiterate 186 60 126 (ii) Literate, without educational level 43 37 6 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 5 lout of 49 B. In Rural Ar_. (i) Illiterate 490 230 Levels of education are also low. All that the 260 (ii) Literate, without community can boast of are the ten males who have done educational level :2 20 2 their education upto the Primary or Junior Basic level. (iii) Primary or Junior The table alongside presents the various educational Basic 10 10 standards attained by the community separately by sex \IV) Matriculation and and by the rural and urban areas of the State. above •

68 NOT('- EACH DOT REPRESENTS SO PER$ONS

The Bansphors are mainly concentrated in the In the rural areas, tehsils Manoharthana, Gangdhar, districts of Jhalawar and Kota where 80.9 per cent of Aklera. and Khanpur of district Jhalawar; their total population resides. There dispersal in various tehsils Chhipabarod and Shah bad of district Kota; tehsils districts is contained in the following table: Sagwara and Dungarpur of district Dungarpur; and tehsil Kotra of district Udaipur are~ the tehsils where Population more than 10 Bansphors reside. Their population in District Absolute Per~ntage these tehsils is as undec : Jhalawar 410 54.6 Kota 197 26.3 District Tehsil Population Dungarpur 116 15.5 Jhalawar Manoharthana 167 Udaipur 16 2.1 Gangdhar 52 Chitor£arh 4 u.S Aklera 40 Banswara 4 0.5 Jhalrapatan 23 Jhunjhunu 3 0.4 Khanpur 11 Sawai Madhopur 1 OJ Kota Chhipabarod 126 Total 751 100.0 Shah bad 37 About 30 per cent of the population of Bansphors Dungarpur Sagwara 12 reside in the urban areas of Rajasthan. They are found Dungarpur 11 in di~tricts Jhalawar, Dungarpur and Kota. Udaipur 1 16

69

5. CASTES TRADITIONALLY ASSOCIATED WITH CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES BAWARIA

( also c:alled Baori )

A COMMUNITY notorious for its criminal activities, in which it engaged itself during the period October to June every year, tbe widespread community of the Bawarias, ~ometimes also known POPULATION BY RELIGION as Moghias, claim their descent from the Rajputs and trace the origin Persons of their name from the 'Baori' meaning a stepped-well mentioned in a Religions Rural Urban certain legend. They would throw three small stones one after another Total 81,210 • 3,883 inside a house of their target and entcr only in case of non-response. 1. Hindus 79,218 3,881 Their moral justification: the possessor of rightly earned money will not 2. Sikhs 1,992 2 sleep so care free! Bulk of them profess the Hindu religion as shown in the table alongside. There are 85.093 Bawarias in Rajasthan constituting 2.53 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status accordmg to the Census 1961 is as under: AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated UnspeCified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 45,041 40,052 21,946 16,93) 21,451 20,589 1,508 2,440 72 42 64 48 0-14 19,902 17,834 18,202 15,775 1,58S 2,004 60 20 7 4 48 31 15-44 18,409 16,822 3,537 989 14.353 15,297 469 510 41 16 9 10 45+ 6,675 5,293 163 67 5,506 3,288 977 1,910 24 22 5 6 Age not stated 55 103 4~ 102 7 2 2 1 The bulk of the community is located in the rural areas of the State. They have now been settled on lands and rehabilitated as agriculturists. They cultivate land; work as agricultural labourers, raise livestock and carryon household industry besides working on sundry jobs. The women-folk, commonly believed to be possessors of mysterious charms and medicines go about selling roots and herbs in the ~Iack season and are sail to b~ advisors to their men in all their criminal expeditions. Their distribution in various indu~triaJ categories is as follows: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Categories Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 47.85 59.73 34.49 60.01 34.66 53.63 31.00 As Cultivator 35.56 44.23 25.80 45.32 26.35 21.09 14.58 As Agricultural Labourer 6.57 8.08 4.87 8.21 4.74 5.23 7.70 In Mining. Quarrying. Liv

72 CENSUS AA.lASTHNI The Bawarias are spread almost all over the State resides in the districts of Pali and Ganganagar while but are chiefly located in the districts of Ganganagar, another 30 per cent in Kota, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Nagaur Pali and Nagaur where 76.2 per cent of their total and Churu districts. The rest is distributed in other population resides. The table below gives their distribu - districts. tion by the districts of their main locations: In the rural areas the Bawarias are concen- District Population trated in the Hanumangarh, Karanpur, Raisinghnagar, Absolute Percentage Ganganagar, Anupgarh and Suratgarh tehsils of district Ganganagar 38,493 45.2 Ganganagar; Jaitaran tchsil of district Pali; Merta tehsil Pali 13,981 16.4 of district Nagaur and of district Jodhpur, Nagaur 12,424 14.6 Jodhpur 4,991 5.9 Their number in these tehsils is contained in the follow­ Alwar 2,593 3.1 ing table: r Jaipu 2,593 3.1 District Tehsil Ajmer 1,989 2.3 Population Chitorgarh 1.644 1.9 Ganganagar Hanumangarh Churu 8,572 1,632 1.9 Karanpur 7.3,l4 Sikllr 1,473 1.7 Raisinghnagar 6,644 Others 3,280 3.9 Ganganagar 5,122 Total 85,093 100.0 Anupgarh 3.526 Suratgarh 3,317 Only S per cent of the total population of the Pali Jaitaran 3,793 community lives in the urban areas of the State. Over Nagaur Merta 3,548 60 per cent of the total urban population of the Bawarias Jodhpur Bilara 3,708

73 BAGRI

ONCE CLASSIFIED as a wandering criminal tribe, the Bagris used to subsist on birds and beasts they snared or killed in chase and on wild roots, fruits and other jungle products. The POPULATION BY RELIGION community derives its name from' Bagar' that is the 'jungle' and claim Persons their descent from the Rajputs. Reputed for their knowledge of animal Religions Rural Urban anatomy they are often consulted by villagers for expert advice. Total 16,488 2,076 Except for a lone Sikh, all the Bagris profess the Hindu religion. I. Hindus 16,487 2,076 There are 18,564 Bagris in the State constituting 0.55 per cent of 2. Sikhs I its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Censlls 1961 is contained in the following table;

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 9.278 9,286 4,449 3,445 4,414 5,091 387 728 24 14 4 8 0-14 3,941 4,005 3,564 3,307 357 681 16 10 2 4 2 3 15-44 4,017 4,100 792 122 3,057 3,784 153 186 13 6 2 2 45+ 1,310 1,'70 84 6 999 625 218 531 9 4 3 Age not stated 10 11 9 10 1 1

Bulk of the community is located in the rural areas of the State. They have now ~ettled on land which they CUltivate, work as agricultural labourers specially as watchman on the fields, make winnowing fan out of grass and reeds and raise livestock. The following table gives their distribution in various industrial categories both by sex and by the rural and urban areas:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Cate,Jories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 51.86 62.11 41.61 62.04 46.49 63.03 13.89 As Cultivator 24.57 30.65 18.50 32.27 21.60 10.48 0.86 As Agricultural Labourer 11.00 12.06 9.91 12.48 11.66 6.84 0.14 In Mining, Quarrying, Live,tock, etc. 1.31 1.97 0.66 2.08 0.52 0.58 1.44 In Household Industry 7.94 8.31 7.57 8.44 8.61 6.70 1.66 In Manufacturing 1.29 1.96 0.62 0.77 0.33 16.89 230 In Construction 0.22 0.31 0.12 0.29 O.O~ (J.58 058 In Trade & Commerce 0.6Y 0.81 0.56 0.70 060 2.18 0.36 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.31 0.61 0.01 0.23 5.24 om In Other Services 4.53 5.43 3.63 4.78 3.13 13.54 648 Non-workers 48.14 37.89 58.39 37.96 53.51 36.97 86.11

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is very low in the community. Only 4.4 per Educational levels Persons Males Females cent of males and 0.'; per cent of females can claim to A. In Urban Areas be literate. (i) Illiterate 1,940 564 1,376 (ii) Literate, without LITERACY AMONG BAGRIS educational level 129 116 13 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 2 2 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 5 5 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas (i) Illiterate 16,168 8,303 7,865 lout of23 lout of 206 ( ii) Literate, without educational level 3~3 274 29 Th~re are 19 persons in the whole of the community who have attained the educational level of Primary or (iii) Primary or Junior Junior Basic and only 5 have reached the educational Basic 17 14 3 level of Matricultion or Higher Secondary as may be (iv) Matriculation and seen from table alongside: above

74 DISPERSAL OF SAGRIS (IN RURAL AREAS)

I . '}. ') \ ...... ~"''-lI ._ NOTE - EACH OOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS ". .I

Their highest concentration is in district Jhalawar. In rural areas they are mainly located in The following table gives their distribution by the Pirawa, Gangdhar and Dag tehsils of district Jhalawar; districts of their main locations: Kekri and Sarwar tehsils of district Ajmer; Jaswantpura tehsil of district Jalor; Sheoganj. Pindwara and Sirohi District Population Absolute Percentage tehsils of dIstrict Sirohi; Shahpura tehsil of district Jhalawar 5,197 28.0 Bhilwara; Malpura tehsil of district Tonk; and Pali tehsil Ajmer 2,502 13.5 of district PaiL The following table gives their Jalor 1,601 8.6 population ill these tchsils Sirohi 1,551 8.4 Bhilwara 1,549 8.3 District Tehsil Population Tonk 1,433 7.7 Jhalawar Pirawa 1,502 Pali 1,156 6.2 Gangdhar 1,270 Jaipur 937 5.0 Dag 1,236 Udaipur 771 4.2 Ajmer Kekri 783 Others 1,867 10.1 Sarwar 44S Total 18,564 100.0 Jalor Jaswantpura 648 About II per cent ofthe total population of the Bagri Sirohi Sheoganj 502 community in the State lives in urban areas. Bagris Pindwara 482 are concentrated in the urban centres of Jaipur, Pali and Sirohi 400 Ajmer districts where 85 per cent of their total urban Bhilwara Shahpura 400 population is located. The rest is distributed in other Tonk Malpura 785 districts. Pali Pali 400 75 SANSI

( including Kapadia San.i. )

ONCE A WANDERING criminal tribe indulging in burglary and cattle lifting. most of the Sansis in Rajasthan have now been settled on land. In the caste hierarchy they rank even below the POPULATION BY RELIGION Bhangis. They have a dual organisation and are divided into moities Persons known as 'Bija' and 'Mala', both intermarrying with each other but not Religions Rural Urban among themselves. Bulk of them profess the Hindu religion. The table Total 11.965 2,184 alongside presents their distribution by religion and by the rural and urban 1. Hindus 11.<:'61 2,184 areas of the State. There are 14,149 Sans is in Rajasthan constituting 2. Sikhs 4 0.42 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Never married Married Unspecified Age-group Total Widowed Divorced/Separated Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 7,263 6,886 3,578 3,088 3,378 3,298 288 475 11 11 8 14 0-14 3,217 3.207 3.013 2861 193 321 4 5 6 6 9 15-44 3,028 2,841 528 193 2,375 2.526 120 118 4 3 1 I 45+ 1,013 830 33 21 809 450 168 353 2 2 1 4 Age not stated 5 8 4 7 I I

The Sansis are mostly concentrated in the rural areas of the State where they cultivate land and work as agricultural labourers. They also function as castrators of animals, which is their traditio~al ,",ork, and prerare winnowing fans of grass and reeds. In the urban centres they are mostly engaged in manufacturing other than household industry and in sundry jobs as may be seen from the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 40.84 53.01 28.01 52.14 32.04 58.22 7.91 As Cultivator 23.11 26.83 19.18 30.40 22.73 5.32 1.48 As Agricultural Labourer 3.91 4.96 2.80 5.78 3.33 0.17 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 1.12 1.46 0.77 1.44 082 1.55 0.52 In Household Industry 6.28 8.98 3.43 9.28 3.70 7.16 1.74 In Manufacturing 2.71 4.92 0.39 1.27 0.42 26.89 0.26 In Construction 0.50 0.74 0.25 0.34 0.16 3.19 0.70 In Trade & Commerce 0.54 0.96 0.09 0.66 (l.05 2.80 026 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.14 0.28 0.03 1.74 In Other Services 2.;3 3.88 1.10 2.94 0.77 9.57 2.78 Non-workers 59.16 46.99 71.99 47.86 67.96 41.78 92.09

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community specially among the Educational levels Persons Males Females females. There are 8.5 per cent literate males while A. In Urban Areas female literacy is limited to 1.2 per cent. 0) Illiterate 1,929 818 l,llJ LITERACY AMONG SANSIS (iii Literate, without educational level 184 158 26 {iii) Primary or Junior Basic 55 46 9 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 16 12 4 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas {vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 12 lout of 86 B. In Rural Area. 5,829 5,695 Levels of education are also low in the community. There (i) Illiterate 11,524 are only 17 persons, of which 4 are females, who have (ii) Literate, without educational level 352 321 31 attained the educational level of Matriculation and above. (iii) Primary or Junior The table alongside presents the various educational Basic 88 78 13 levels attained by the Sansis separately by sex and by the (iv) Matriculation and urban and rural areas of the State. above

76 _./ DISPERSAL OF SANSIS ro. .~'~;:I (INR'URAL AREAS) 1:-:.:: .... <._.\ .," . . .: ...... ,.·-!'i .1 ....:...... ~ .-<~ r"-,J '\ '. ,-,. /,'" ! 1- -..__/. . .]-:--:- '.:: .. ~ ",0 . I . . .' . j", .' _\ ./,sL.../' 't /...... I /. . . '. ()!'\:'\t /1. ,. t _.-.. _'\~\ . '( . .' r'; '-., ,; r'" . I . ._. (-) J . . . . . '{ . '.l_;__. A. ...A i Sl.,_1 . . . I' .. _/ ... ' \,_,..) ) ( '( i.r 1_--" . .' . r...... "'-' )" .... , r-- VI· (---.-.....:..1 . . ...:_. \~-w. , • i -~./ . . \..""'( .. .,r/) ( ...... ? ( .) r.) '. \.,. _/'\.-<. I . r' ___...... ( ~ /' .' .' \. "0,-.", i "-"7 ( r .... ' . ./. "( 1"''' \. J .. \ r'"./ "'" '. /' o __, "-L,, .. ·"-r~r.· r...... ----, ...... ) ~ ~ - • I J .....J -, ...... _(' \/"'-\" \ . ...., \ .. I \: }'.j-~r.,_;_':_ f .... ~ ... :.:.\ .'._. f' /~ "" -- --: vZi :;."'''1 C r' ( . ./ } I ',-__ " \ f .).... / '\ ./ /,' r' ....._ • ,/ .-'\,/ t j' . \ / ...... r- / 'v)" " / '__ ..J'- ./ (' (I) ( \ 'I \

NOTE' - tACH ~OT REPRESENTS $0 PERSONS

The Sansis are spread almost all over the State but is located in Churu, Ganga nagar and Pali districts. The their concentration is large in the districts of Ganganagar. rest is distributed in other districts. Churu, Jodhpur and Bikaner. The following table gives their distribution by the districts of their main locations: Within these districts, the Sansis ar~ mainly located in tehsils Hanumangarh, Nohar and Bhadra of district Population Ganganagar; tehsils and Taranagar of dist­ District Absolute Percentage rict Churu; tehsils Jodhpur and Bilara of district Ganganagar 2.787 19.1 Jodhpur; tehsil Nokha of district Bikaner; tehsil Churu 2,104 14.9 Lachhmangarh of district Sikar; tehsil Kekri of district Jodhpur 1.713 12.1 Ajmer and tehsil Barmer of district Barmer. The Bikaner 1,189 8.4 following table gives their numb<:r in these tehsils : Sikar 849 6.0 District Tehsil Population Ajmer 820 5.8 Udaipur Hanumangarh 1,026 Tonk (;63 4.7 Nohar 379 Barmer 541 3.8 Bhadra 358 Bhilwara 504 3.6 Churu Dungargarh 431 Others 2,979 21.0 Taranagar 381 Total 14,149 100.0 Jodhpur Jodhpur 434 15 per cent of the total Sansi population lives in the Bilara 376 urban centres of Rajasthan. They are mostly Bikaner Nokha 423 concentrated in Nagaur and Ajmer districts where about Sikar Lachhmangarh 388 70 per cent of the urban population of this community Ajmer Kekri 324 resides. Another 25 per cent of their urban population Barmer Barmer 438 77 KANJAR

( also called Kunjar )

ONCE CLASSIFIED as a criminal tribe, the Kanjars have now been settled on land. All of them profess the Hindu religion and are concentrated chiefly in the rural areas of the State POPULATION BY RELIGIO~ as may be seen from the table alongside. There are 10.745 Ksnjars Persons in the State constituting 0.32 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste Religions Rural Urban population. The following table gives their distribution by broad Total 10.091 654 a&e-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961: I. Hindus 10.091 654 2. Sikhs AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Oi vorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 5,671 5,074 2,977 2,133 2.489 :',542 173 382 25 II 7 6 0-14 2.572 2,303 2,441 1,991 114 301 4 9 II 2 2 15-44 2.331 2.057 501 138 },746 1,800 70 107 II IO 3 2 45+ 763 711 32 2 628 440 99 261) 3 J 1 2 Age Dot stated j 3 3 2 I I I

They are mostly engaged in cultivation, work as agricultural labourers, in household industry and in sundry jobs. Their distribution in various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 47.46 54.03 39.83 56.23 40.70 27.10 21.24 As Cultivator 36.29 39.07 32.95 41.94 34.30 3.91 3.98 As Agricultural Labourer 3.06 3.67 2.37 3.57 2.44 4.91 0.88 In Mining. Quarrying. Livestock etc. 1.16 1.81 0.35 2.00 0,37 0.23 In Household Industry 3.S9 4.9~ 2.07 S.lI 2.15 2.80 0.44 In Manufacturing O.H 0.51 0.16 0.55 0.12 0.89 In Construction 0.55 0.90 0.16 0.65 0.Q2 3.97 3.10 In Trade & Commerce 0.34 0.62 0.02 0.12 0.02 6.78 In Transport. Storage & Communication 0.15 0.28 0.29 0.23 In Other Services 1.98 2.17 ].75 2.00 1.28 4.21 11.95 Non-workers 52.54 45.97 60.17 43.77 59.30 72.90 78.76

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community specially among Educational levels Persons Males Fema!es the females. It comes to 7.8 per cent among the males and 0.3 per cent among the females. A. In Urban Ar_. LITERACY AMONG KANJARS (i) Illiterate 570 344 226 (ii) Literate, without educational level 79 79 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 5 5 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 13 1 out of 390 In Rural Areas

Levels of education are poor. There are 55 persons (i) Illiterate 9,718 4.883 4.835 who have attained educational level of Primary or (ij) Literate. without Junior Basic while the number of persons reaching the educational level 318 307 II Stage of Matriculation and above is only five. The (iii) Primary or Junior table alongside shows the various educational levels Basic 50 48 2 attained by the community separately by sex and by the (iv) Matricuhltion anJ urban and rural areas. above S 5

78 DISPERSAL OF KANJARS (1111 RURAL AREAS)

NOH'-E~CH OOT REP~ESENT$ U' PERSO"S

CENSUS RAJASTHoIW

The Kanjars arc spread almost all over the State. the State resides in the urban areas. They are mostly But are mostly concentrated in the districts of Bhilwara, found in the districts of Tonk and Ajmer where 70 Chitorgarh, Bundi and Tonk where 54.6 per cent of their per cent of the total urban population of the community total population resides. The following table gives is located. The rest is distributed in other districts. their distribution in various districts: Within these districts they are mostly found in the Population Mandalgarh and Jahazpur tehsils of district Bhilwara: District Absolute Percentage Begun teh~ll of di~trict Chitorgarh; Bundi and Hindoli tehsils of district Bundi: Uniara tehsil of district Tonk: Bhilwara 2,202 :0.6 and Mandawar and Kishang'lrh tehsils of district Alwar. Chitorgarh 1.729 16.1 Their population in these tehsils is contai:Jed in the Bundi 1,009 9.4 following table; Tonk 912 8.5 Alwar 7,,5 7.2 District Tehsil Population Ajrner (·66 6.2 Bhilwara Mandalgarh 717 Kota 610 5.7 Jahazpur 676 Jhalawar 604 :.6 Chitorgarh Begun 665 Jaipur 481 4.5 Bundi Bundi 674 Churu 360 3.4 Hindoli 304 Others 1,376 12.8 Tonk Uniara 376 Total 10,714 100.0 Alwar Mandawar 326 Only 6 per cent of the total Kanjar population in Kishangarh 318 79 BEDIA

(also called Beria)

ONCE CLASSIFIED as a criminal tribe the Bedias are now an agricultural community settled on land. All of them profes~ Hindu religion and are concentrated mainly in the rural areas of POPULATION BY RELIGION the State as may be seen in the table alongside. There are 4,623 Bedias Religions Persons in the State. The following table gives their distribution by broad Rural Urban age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 : Total 4,598 25 1. Hindus 4.598 25 2. Sikhs AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Age-group Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 2,4[5 2,208 1,239 816 1,071 [,099 95 287 JO 2 4 0-14 1,151 936 1,077 i75 74 157 4 15--44 942 894 156 36 754 812 29 44 3 2 45+ 321 377 5 4 243 130 66 243 7 Age not stated 1 1

The Bedias are m05tly engaged in cultivation. Some are occupied in the raising of livestock, some work as agricultural labourers and at household industry whIle others have taken to sundry jobs. The table below gives their dispersal in various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Categories Urban Persons Ma[es Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 45.01 55.45 33.61 55.60 33.80 25.00 As Cultivator 22.56 31.72 12.55 31.88 12.62 As Agricultural Labourer 3.59 4.76 2.31 4.79 2.32 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock etc. 9.82 10.31 9.28 10.36 9.34 In Household Industry 2.49 2.61 2.36 2.62 2.37 In Manufacturing 0.50 0.46 0.54 0.46 0.55 In Construction 0.37 0.58 0.14 0.54 0.14 8.33 In Trade & Commerce 0.52 0.08 1.00 0.08 1.00 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.08 0.17 0.17 In Other Services 5.08 4.76 5.43 4.70 5.46 16.67 Non-workers 54.99 44.55 66.39 44.40 66.20 75.00 100.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community specially among the Educational levels Persons Males Females females. Literacy among the females is only 1.7 A. I .. Urban Areas per cent as compared to 10.9 per cent for the males. (i) Illiterate 22 9 13 LITERACY AMONG BEDIAS (ii) Literate, without educational level 3 3 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. I .. Rural Area. lout of 9 lout of SS (i) Illiterate 4,299 2,142 2,]57 Levels of education are very low. Only 39 persons (ii) Literate, without have attained an educational standard of primary or educational level 258 222 36 junior basic while the number of rersons who have (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 39 37 2 reached the level of matriculation and above are limited (iv) Matriculation and to two only as is evident from the table alongside. above 2 2 80 DISPERSAL OF BEDIAS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE::-EACH DOT REPRESENTS SO PERSONS

CI.NSUS RAJA5THAofC The largest concentration of Bedias is at district in the urban areas of Rajasthan and are located in Kota where 61.3 per cent of their total population Jaipur, Ganganagar, Barmer and Kota districts. resides. Tbe table below gives their distribution in various districts: In rural areas they are mostly found in Pipalda, Population Ramganj Mandi, Mangrol and Anta tehsils of district District Absolute Percentage Kota; Dholpur and Rupbas tehsils of district Bharatpur; Dudu tehsil of district Jaipur and Sapotra tehsil of Kota 2,833 61.3 district Sawai Madhopur. The following table gives Chitorgarh Sl1 11.1 their population in these tehsils : Bharatpur 478 10.3 Jaipur 425 9.2 District Tehsil Population Sawai Madhopur 209 4.5 Pipalda Tonk 75 1.6 Kota 1,308 Ramganj Mandi 704 Ganganagar 35 0.8 Mangrol 287 Dungarpur 30 0.6 Anla 202 Others 27 0.6 Bharatpur Dholpur 236 Total 4,623 100.0 Rupbas 188 Only 25 persons, constituting 0.5 per cent of the Jaipur Dudu 192 total population of the community of Bedias are found Sawai Madhopur Sapolra 198

81

6. MISCELLANEOUS CASTES THORI

(a18o called Nayak)

ONCE NOTORIOUS as professional thieves, the Thoris or Nayaks are an agricultllral community. They claim descent and according to some are believed to have proceeded from the POPULATION BY RELIGION Dhanaks. Bulk of them profess the Hindu religion and are mainly Religions Persons concentrated in the rural areas of the State. The table alongside gives Rural Urban their distribution by the rural and urban areas and religion professed by Total 136,955 22.104 them. Fourth largest community, there are 159,059 Thoris or Nayaks 1. Hindus 136,720 22,104 in Rajasthan which form 4.73 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste 2. Sikhs 235 population. Their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table: AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Agc-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 83,029 76,030 41,525 30.271 38,755 39,918 2,514 S,575 90 100 145 0-14 166 37.440 34,161 34,805 29,281 2,478 4,742 67 33 14 9 76 96 15-44 34,501 32,42! 6.201 900 27,312 29,947 795 1,464 48 55 55 S5 45+ 11,020 9,357 378 43 8,956 5,193 1,650 4,071 28 36 8 14 Age not stated 68 91 51 47 9 36 2 7 6 1

They cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers and practise weaving as household industry. They also raise live-stock, work as artisans and engage themselves in sundry jobs. Their distribution in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 47.34 ~8.79 34.82 59.86 37.46 52.18 18.56 As Cultivator 30.26 34.25 25.90 39.14 29.33 3.81 4.75 As Agricultural Labourer 6.99 9.95 3.76 11.40 4.22 0.95 0.86 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. O.SO 1.13 0.43 1.09 0.39 1.37 0.72 In Household Industry 1.95 2.47 1.40 2.27 1.13 3.72 3.01 In ManUfacturing 0.78 1.19 0.33 0.3S 0.10 6.26 1.77 In Construction I.S2 2.77 0.77 1.33 0.58 11.78 1.92 In Trade & Commerce 0.29 0.40 0.16 0.11 0.06 2.18 0.79 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.53 ),00 002 0.52 0.02 3.93 0.06 In Other Services 3.92 5.63 2.05 3.62 1.63 18.18 4.68 Non-workers 52.66 41.21 65.1S 40.14 62.54 47.82 67.17

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community specially among Educational levels Persons Males Females females. While literacy in case of the males is 8.4 per cent, it is 0.5 per cent only for the females. A. In Urban Area. (i) Illiterate 19,726 9,306 10,420 LITERACY AMONG THORIS (d) Literate, without educational level 2,083 1,903 ISO (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 255 240 15 ~iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 38 37 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 12 lout of 205 B. In Rural Areas Levels of education are low. There is only one graduate (i) Illiterate 131,971 66,732 65,239 and only seventy six persons including three females who (ii) Literate, without have attained the educational level of Matriculation and educational level 4,501 4,341 160 above. The table alongside presents various educational (iii) Primary or Junior levels attained by the community separately by sex and Basic 447 434 13 by the urban and rural area'> of the State. (iv) Matriculation and above 36 34 2

84 DISPERSAL OF THOR1S (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE - EACH DOT REPRESENTS SO PERSONS

CENSUS ItAJASTHAN Except for district Barmer, where they are conspi­ community resides in the urban centres of the State. cuous by their absence, the Thoris or Nayaks are spread They are 'TIainly concentrated in Jhunjhunu and Ganga­ all over the State but are mostly concentrated in the nagar districts where more than 50 per cent of their total districts of Ganganagar, ChuIU, Jhunjhunu and Bikaner urban population is located. Other districts where their where 67.5 per cent of their total population resides. number is of the order of 1000 and above are Bilcaner, The table below shows their distribution by the Jaipur, Sikar, Churu and Nagaur which together consti­ districts of their main locations: tute about 38 per cent of their total urban population.

District Population Thoris or Nayaks in the rural areas are concentrated Absolute Percentage in tehsils Ganganagar, Raisingh Nagar, Nohar, Karanpur, Ganganagar 62,210 39.9 Padampur, Hanumangarh and Suratgarh of district Churu 20,251 13.2 Ganganagar; and tehsil Sujangarh of district Churu. Jhunjhunu 11,533 7.4 Their population in these tehsils is contained in the Bikaner 10,945 7.0 following table: Nagaur 10,312 6.6 Sikar 6,9H 4.5 District Tehsil Population Pali 4,903 3.1 Bhilwara 4,668 3.0 Ganganagar Ganganagar 10,279 Kota 4,302 2.8 Raisingh Nagar 8,382 Jaipur 4,067 2.6 Nohar 7,302 Chitorgarh 4.067 2.6 Karanpur 6,958 Others 11,442 7.3 Padampur 6,529 Total 155,954 100.0 Hanumangarh 6,542 Suratgarh 5.119 About 14 per cent of the total popubtion of the ChurD Sujangarh 5,365 85 MAJHABI

A COMMUNITY composed mostly of the Sikhs but socially pOSseSShlg an inferior status in the caste hierarchy, as having been recruited from low or exterior Hindu castes, the Majhabisare mostly POPULATION BY RELIGION located in the rural areas of th~ State. The table alongide presents Persons their distribution by the rura! and urban areas of the State and the Religions Rural Urban religion professed by them. There are 42.54:> Majhabis in the State Total 42,540 595 comprising 1.27 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste population. There I. Hindus 13,729 735 is a notable sex dhparity in the sex-ratio of this community. Their 2. Sikhs 28,414 22 distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE Al'I1> MARITAL STATIJS Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Total Never married Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 24,833 n,707 13,636 8,719 9,265 8,120 1,822 785 39 27 71 56 0-14 10,564 g,673 10,161 7,848 350 76'1 1 1 10 52 46 15-44 8,953 7,131 2,863 836 5741 6,154 310 124 24 8 15 9 45+ 5,296 1,874 5 2 6 3,114 1,1;'8 1,511 660 IS 9 4 I Age not stated 20 2 20 29

Most of the Majhabis are engaged as agricultural labourers but some own land and are engaged in cultiV3tion. The women-folk. do not generally pa.rticipate h the w.>rk relating to cultivation, agricultural labour or in household indUitry to share the burdens of their men-folk. The reason for this special treatment appears to Ii", in the fact that there is a dearth of females in the community:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 40.91 61.59 11.92 61.71 11.98 47.29 6.70 As Cultivator J 1.60 16.25 5.07 16.39 5.12 0.52 As Agricultural Labourer 25.29 39.73 5.113 40.01 5.07 6.40 1.55 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.21 0.34 0.03 0.32 0.03 1.97 Lo Household Industry 0.80 0.88 0.68 0.89 0.68 0.49 In Manufacturing 0.38 0.56 0.13 0.46 0.10 12.32 3.09 In Construction 0.48 0.77 0.08 0.75 0.08 2.96 In Trade & Commerce 0.16 0.12 0.22 0.10 0.22 2'46 1.03 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.16 0.28 0.19 10.84 In Other Services 1.83 2.66 0.68 2.60 0.68 9.85 0.51 Non-workers 59.09 38.41 88.08 38.29 88.02 52.71 93.30

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS On the whole literacy is low in the community. It is Bducationallevels Persons Males Female. 13.3 per cent in case of males and as low as 0.6 per cent in case of females. A. In Urban Area. (i) Illiterate 362 171 191 LITERACY AMONG MAJHABIS (ii) Literate, withou, educational level 33 30 J (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher SecondarY (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 8 lout of 164 D. In Raral Areas (i) Illiterate 38,762 21,354 17,408 Levels of education are also low. There are only II (ti) Literate, without persons who have attained educational level of Matricu­ educational level 3,220 3,125 95 lation and above, none of whom is a female. The table (iii) Primary or Junior alongside presents the various educational levels attained Basic 151 141 10 by the community separately by sex and by the urban (iv) Matriculation and and rural areas of the State. above 10 10

86 DISPERSAL OF MAJHABIS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE. - EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

CENSUSfa ~~J~STH~

The largest concentration of the Majhabis is in district while the rest is found in Udaipur distri::t. district Ganganagar where 93% of their total population resides. Their distribution in various distr icts is In rural are.1S they are concentrated in tehsils contained in the following table: Ganganagar, Karanpur, Raisingh Nagar, Hanumangarh, Padampur; Anupgarh and Suratgarh of district Population Ganganagar; and tehsil of district Chitorgarh. District Absolute Percentage Their population in these tehsils is contained in the following table: Ganganagar 39,561 93.0 Chitorgarh 2,010 4.7 Alwar 521 1.2 District Tehsil Population 411 1.0 Jhalawar Gan£anagar Ganganagar 12,120 Udaipur 37 0.1 Karanpur 9,685 Total 42,540 100.0 Raisingh Nagar 5,047 Hanumangarh 4,975 Only about I per cent of the total Majhabi popula­ Padampur 3,270 tion lives in the urban areas of Rajasthan. More than Anupgarh 2.249 90 per cent of this total urban population of the Suratgarh 1.836 community is located i the urbarJ areas of Ganganagar Chitorgarh Bari Sadri 1.413

87 DHANAK

( also called DhaDkia )

TRADITIONALLY THE grooms and menial servants who used to carry out the work of general scavenging, the Dhanaks form a fairly widespread community from which, according to some, the POPULATION BY RELIGION Thoris or Nayaks and the Aheris are believed to have proceeded. They Persons Religions claim descent from the Rajputs and the bulk of them profess the Hindu Rural Urban religion. The table alongside presents their dispersal in the rural and Total 32,500 9,737 urban areas of the State. There are 42,237 Dhanaks in Rajasthan 1. Hindus 32,497 9,737 constituting 1.26 per cent -or its total Scheduled Caste population. Their 2. Sikhs 3 distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 22,378 19,859 11,679 8,034 9,760 10,252 892 1,524 14 9 33 40 0-14 10,243 8,696 9,890 7,777 328 899 7 7 18 13 15-44 8,957 8,500 1.681 220 7,021 7,871 234 380 9 8 12 21 45+ 3,172 2,647 102 22 2,411 1,481 651 1,137 5 1 3 6 Age not stated 6 16 6 15 I

The community is mainly located in the rural areas of the State and is engaged in cultivation. They also work as agricul­ turallabourers and in sundry occupations. Their distribution in various industrial categories by the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the foUowing table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 45.37 55.73 33.69 56.40 39.63 53.67 11.99 As Cultivator 23.65 25.33 21.76 32.37 27.05 3.55 2.46 As Agricultural Labourer 4.96 5.40 4.47 6.88 5.68 0.82 0.05 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.85 1.29 0.36 1.59 0.44 0.37 0.05 In Household Industry 2.09 2.43 1.70 2.83 1.78 1.19 1.40 In Manufacturing 2.20 3.S5 0.67 1.36 0.49 10.35 1.31 In Construction I.t8 1.83 0.45 1.35 0.19 3.31 1.40 In Trade & Commerce 0.71 1.16 0.21 0.33 0.03 3.71 0.87 In Transport, Storage &: Communication 1.25 2.32 0.04 0.29 0.01 8.62 0.14 In Other Services 8.48 12.42 4.03 9.40 3.96 21.75 4.31 Non-workers 54.63 44.27 66.31 43.60 60.37 46.33 88.01

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community. Literacy among the Educational levels Persons Males Females Males is 15.3 per cent and it is only 1.0 per cent in caie A. In Urban Area. offemales; (i) Illiterate 8,176 4,020 4,156 LITERACY AMONG DHANAKS (ii) Literate, without educational level 1,336 1,228 108 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 167 161 6 liv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 57 57 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout of 7 lout of 98 (i) Illiterate 30,443 14,942 IS,501 Levels of education are low. Only a single male of the (ii) Literate, without educational level 1,728 community has completed his graduation. The table 1,651 77 alongside presents the various educational levels attained liii) Primary or Junior Basic 306 295 11 by the community separately by sex and by the urban (iv) Matriculation and and rural areas of the State. above 23 23

88 NOTE - EACH OOT I!EPRE5ENTS SO "["SONS

C£HSUS RAJASTHAN Thc largcst concentration of the Dhanaks is in about 60 per cent of their total urban populat ion resides. district Ganganagar, Jaipur, Alwar and Churu where 79.6 Ajmer district had about 18 per cent while the remaining per cent of their total population resides. The following is di.tributed in ot her districts. table gives their dispersal in the district of their main locations: In rural areas, they are concentrated in tehsils Bhadra and Nahar of district Ganganagar; tebsils Population District Absolute Percentage Sanganer and Kotputli of district Jaipur; tebsil of Ganganagar 13,387 31.7 district Alwar; tehsil Rajgarh of district Churu; and Jaipur 9,586 22.7 tehsils Khetri and Chirawa of district Jhunjhunu. Alwar 5,475 12.9 Their population in these tehsils is contained in the Churu 5,219 12.3 following table: Jhunjhunu 3,406 8.1 Ajmer 1,885 4.5 District Tehsil Population Sikar 1,302 3.1 Ganganagar Bhadra 3,069 Bikaner 539 1.3 Nohar 1.700 Tnn" 392 0.9 Jaipur Sanganer 2,124 Bharatpur 209 0.5 Katputli 2,095 Others 837 2.0 Total 42,237 100.0 Alwar Behror 2,232 23 per cent of the total population of the community Churu Rajgarh 3,745 resides in the urban arClS of Rajasthan. The Dhanaks Jhunjhunu Khetri 1,649 have a large concentration in Ganganagar district where Chirawa 1,382

89 GARODA

( also called Garo, Garuda or Gurda)

A WIDESPREAD community of priests of the Bhambis and other low castes, the Garodas variously called Garo, Garuda or Gurda socially rank the highest among the Scheduled Castes and other POPULATION BY RELIGION low castes of the State. They trace their origin from the Brahmins. All Persons of them profess the Hindu religion and mostly re'dde in the rural areas Religions Rural Urban of the State as shown in the table alongside. There are 11,689 Garodas Total 10,862 827 in the State constituting 0.35 per cent of its total Scheduled Caste 1. Hindus 10,862 827 population. lheir distributicn by broad age-groups and by marital 2. Sikhs status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Age-group Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 6,291 5398 3,195 2,091 2,759 2,75-' 319 549 17 2 1 2 0-14 2,785 2,272 2,637 1,986 141 282 2 3 4 I I 15-44 2,571 2,302 546 98 1,885 2,037 131 166 9 45+ 934 820 II 6 733 434 186 379 4 Age not stated I 4 I 1 1

The Garodas are mostly engaged in cultivation and some of the;n work as agricultural labourers. They also engage themselves in household indus:ry and suadry occupations, besides performing the religious rites for their 'Jijmans'. Their distribution in various industrial categories is contained in the table below:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDtJSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 45.83 53.44 36.96 53:13 38.38 49.79 17.17 As Cultivator 34.16 38.14 29.53 39.66 30.97 19.10 9.42 As Agricultural Labourer 2.65 2.16 3.21 2.33 3.38 0.li3 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock etc. 0.24 0.33 0.13 0.34 0.14 0.22 In Household Industry 5.01 7.07 2.61 7.16 2.56 6.01 3.32 In Manufacturing 207 3.31 0.63 2.57 0.60 12.4; 1.11 In Construction 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.21 In Trade & Commerce 0.10 0.19 0.15 0.64 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.06 0.11 0.09 0.43 In Other Services 1.49 2.05 0.83 1.36 0.71 10.73 2.49 46.56 Non-workers 5417 63.04 46.27 61.62 50.21 1l2.S3

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy in case of males is fairly high i.e. 25.5 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females but in case of females it is only 1.6 per cent. A. In Urban Areas

LITERACY AMONG GARODAS (i) Illiterate 666 319 347 (ii) Literate, without t~~;:'·-·····~ ·<··:i~~ educational level 138 125 13 (iii) Primary or Junior ~.;. .' -:':~1 Basic 20 19 .. (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 2 2 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of4 lout of 62 8. In Rllral Areas (i) Illiterate 9,333 4,369 4,964 Levels of education attained by the community are very (ii) Literate, without low. There are only 97 persons who have attained educational level 1,448 U76 72 educational level of Primary or Junior basic out of which (iii) Primary or Junior only 2 are females. Only half a dozen persons have Basic 77 76 reached the level of Matriculation and above. (iv) Matriculation and above 4 4

90 ./. ,. _'-a ...... I ~ DISPERSAL OF GARODAS I • I. (IN RURAL AREAS) i c\.._.\ / • ''_'..r~ .,...... _"j-...... "","l ~. ( ''"\ '-''''' .--...... ~ J r--- ~ ! .I -/. ! .}, I l,.Jl J . . ,-"> r" ~> .1 ."...... I C; r ~ .f \.~""'utJ ," " t _.-._'\.~\ '-- J • ( ._. ( . / . ) 1.,,,,, /,.-1 i s~ .r· / ~_" ..l._" r ~~ . ';.-0/' ) < r .1 r - - ":.- (".,f L, .,,~ •, I ~ ~ , \..-r..r/) "'7 "_,' ( ~ <_ r- '" ..(' I . i \ . T') . ~"'\..(.', , \ l /'. .\_ ''-.~ (:-'~ 7 (' (" / ''-'f • :- ..... \. J. \,r/ '" :: I I ...-' ...., ~ < . . "-r -:- r ,L-...... -.r- ~ -." ---._) t...... _ ...... ,~_ t:"r'\ • \../"'"" • I' --1 \ .1 \: I '" l /' _" [ t • . . I /- -:-/ .~...... ')1' .J ~ " '\" r(1 -J __ '-. "-, ",,' ._. f\. -. . ')} ",.-l../' "1C I. " ,/.\ . ( ,f 1 . · .... 7.:. ::. j. ::.:./ ..) r' '. • • /', '...... ' 'f r' \ / '. . '. "':\ . . .'/ \ .\. • --. .r- • • ':..1" 'v..... r' (.'\ / j \....,.f'- /, '. " ., I, ( r (f .. . . / '( I (: .. '. j " I ')

IIIOT£'- EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

CENSUS RAJA$THAN Except for district Tonk, tbe Garodas are spread all Slkar districts where about 60 per cent of the urban over the State but are mmtly concentrated in the districts population of this community resides. The rest of the of Jalor, Barmer, Pali and Jodhpur where 70.6 per cent population of this community is distributed amongst of their total population resides. The following table other districts of the State. gives their distribution by the districts of their main locations: In the rural areH their concentrations are in tehsils Population Jalor, Sanchore, Ahore and Jaswantpura of district Jalor; Distri~ A~solute Percentage tehsils Barmer and Chohtan of district Barmer; tehsils Jalor 2,839 24.3 Desuri, Bali and Pali of district Pali; and tehsil Barmer 2,602 22.3 Shergarh of district Jodhpur. Their population in these Pali 1,614 13.8 tchsils is contained in the following table: Jodhpur 1,212 10.4 District Tehsil Population Sirohi 575 4.9 Jaisalmer 567 4.8 Jalor jalor 1,086 Churu 375 3.2 Sanchore 643 Bikaner 369 3.2 Ahore 614 Nagaur 247 2.1 Jaswantpura 470 Sikar 214 1.8 Rarmer Barmer 1,225 Others 1,075 9.2 Chohtan 572 Total 11,689 100,0 Pali Desuri 475 Only about 7 per cent of total population of the Bali 430 community lives in the urban areas of the State. The Pali 331 Garodas are mostly concentrated in Barmer, Chum and Jodhpur Shergarh 431 91 DHOBI

A WIDESPREAD caste, standing low in social scale on account of its occupation is the community of washermen called 'Dhobis' - a Scheduled Caste recognised as such only in the Ajmer POPULATION BY RELIGION district. They trace their descent from Rajputs. All of them profess Persons Religions the Hindu religion and are located mainly in the urban areas. There are Rural Urban only 5,812 Dhobis included as Scheduled Caste in the State. The Total 2,377 3,435 following table gives their distribution by broad age-groups and by I. Hindus 2,377 3,435 marital status according to the Census 1961 : 2. Sikhs

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 3,OtS 2,764 1,265 909 1,639 ],633 141 220 2 0-14 1,052 9!1 956 709 94 198 2 4 15-44 )'454 1,372 302 196 I,IOS 1,143 42 31 2 45+ 541 481 7 4 437 292 97 185 Age not stated I 1

Whi!e in the rural areas most of them are engaged in cultivation, in the urban areas they are engaaed in sundry jobs notably their traditional occupation of laundering in which work their women-folk actively participate. The following table gives their dIstribution in various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas of the State:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Categories Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 38.99 45.73 31.55 61.75 50.78 35.03 17.72 As Cultivator 18.24 18.47 17.98 46.11 41.87 0.81 As Agricultural Labourer 1.52 1.51 1.52 3.77 2.85 0.56 In Mining, Quarrying, Live~tock, etc. 0.26 0.43 0.D7 1.06 0.17 In Household Industry 2.08 2.82 1.27 4.01 0.87 2.03 1.56 In Manufacturing 0.96 1.4~ 0.44 0.57 0.09 2.03 0.68 In Construction 0.51 0.S2 0.29 0.41 1.09 '-0.50 10 Trade & Commerce 0.17 0.26 0.D7 0.25 0.09 0.27 0.06 10 Transport, Storage & Communication 2.~9 5.64 0.Q7 0.16 9.30 0.12 In Other Services 12.20 14.34 9.84 5.41 4.84 20.31 13.43 Non-workers 61.01 54.27 68.45 38.25 49.22 64.97 82.28

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy among males is pretty high that is 24.5 per cent. Educational levels Persons Males Females Female literacy is 5.9 per cent. A. ID Urbao Areas LITERACY AMONG DHOBIS (i) Illiterate 2,714 1.258 1,456 (ii) Literate, without educational level 617 481 136 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic S5 70 IS (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 17 16 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees 2 2

lout of4 lout of 17 B. ID Rural Areas (i) JIliterate 21,88 1,043 1,145 Although literacy is pretty high the levels of education attained are quite low. There are only 20 persons of ( ii) Literate, without which 2 are females who have attained educational levels educational level 187 177 10 of matriculation and above. The table alongside (iii) Primary or Junior presents various educational levels attained by the Basic community separately by sex and by the rural and urban (iv) Matriculation and areas of the State. above

92 NOTE, - EACH OOT AII'RESENTS 10 "EASONS

CENSUS R.... J .... STHA,N

59.0 per cent of the total population of the Dhobi District Tehsil Population community resides in the urban areas of distnct AJmer. Ajmer Kekri 1,268 Ajmer 298 Beawar 295 As has alreadY been pointed out. the Dhobis are a Sarwar 201 Scheduled Caste only in Ajrner district. Their distribu­ Arain 155 tion in the rural areas of various tehsils of this dIstrict is Kishangarh 121 contained in the following table: Rupnagar 39

93 AHERI

THE SMALL community of Aheris, also known as the lower class Thoris, once use j to live sole!y as hunters and fowlers and beg with the Bhan~ds on the occassion of an eclipse. They have now POPULATION BY RELIGION taken to agriculture. All of them profess the Hindu religion and bulk Persons of them reside in the rural areas of the State as shown in the table Religions Rural Urban alongside which presents their distribution by the rural and urban areas. Total 1,754 193 There are 1,947 Aheris in Rajasthan constituting 0.06 per cent of its 1. HinJus 1,754 193 total Scheduled Caste population. Their distribution by broad age-groups 2. Sikhs and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 1,046 901 451 356 5.t2 457 49 87 3 0-14 324 400 293 341l 31 59 1 15--44 578 396 149 13 402 350 23 32 3 45+ 144 103 9 I 109 48 26 54 Age not stated 2 2

They cultivate land and work as agricultural labourers and engage themselves in sundry occupations. Their distribution in various industrial categories separately by sex and by the rural and urban areas of the State is given in the table below:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 56.24 68.07 42.51 70.29 41.72 48.60 50.00 As Cultivator 3996 45.98 32.97 50.90 32.64 2.80 36.05 As Agricultural Labourer 2.98 3.45 2.44 3.83 2.53 1.16 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 2.47 1.91 3.11 2.13 3'07 3.49 In Household Industry 0.72 0.57 0.89 0.64 0.61 3.49 In Manufacturing 1.95 3.35 0.33 0.11 0.25 31.78 1.16 In Construction 4.52 8.22 0.22 9.16 0.24 In Trade & Commerce In Transport, Storage & Communication 046 0.86 0.11 7.48 In Other Services 3.18 3.73 2.55 3.41 2.33 6.54 4.65 Non-workers 43.76 31.93 57.49 29.71 58.28 51.40 50.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS General literacy is low in the community. While it is Educational levels Persons Males Females ] 6.2 per cent for males it is only 1.2 per cent for the A. In Urban Areas females. LITERACY AMONG AHERIS (i) Illiterate 131 5] 80 (ii) Literate, without educational level 53 47 6 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 6 6 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 3 3 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees lout of 6 lout of 82 B. In Rural Areas Levels of education are low. There are only three persons in the commumty who have attained the educa­ (i) Illiterate 1,636 826 810 tional standard of Matriculation and above. Not a (i i) Literate, without single female bas reached the educational level of even educational level 103 98 5 Primary or Junior Basic. The table alongside presents (iii) Primary or Junior various educational levels attaineJ by the community Basic 15 IS separately by sex and by the urban lind rural areas :v) Matriculation and of the State. above

94 / " _" <"'_'-, ,. ....) DISPERSAL OF AHERIS I I (IN RURAL AREAS) I • ~,-.\. ' __ 'J' ," ,c..~ ~.",. r --.,J-\.\_ 1'"' / - ~ .----...... _. r---' ~ I. .,-/. ) }'. ~ ~,st.J '-. , r _'> I' ~>!\: ,1 JI'"-\. I ~ r t, j ,. .,.;, ~J ;, ' l ...... _ ...... ,\ '_.1 I ! C. I J ._. ('-.J I) .... '"" j""'-i r \.,.."""). • r' J__ -~.I'." _"'-..} ~(. ) ( ,,_ " r - V\ (" .J L. (.,'" , i - ~ ./ "\. .rc,_ _//) ''7 .~ _.rv' ""..,. 't i '-.( ( F_;:; \,_ , ~ \. ,Fr ( \. .,- ~ ~ "" 7 (" ,1'"/ \"( : r-...... J \,.r.r' ....,,_ I r"'" '- .-1...'-. '--r -r' /--'.-~ -..,.,,) c ...., _.... ,..~~. ? "\".,""" I" J) \ (.J \)) ('...... -. I" oJ) " I .~..._J --)1" .J "1 " \_/ r)'T -...r-_.,__ c..., ,-'\ ._. ." [,)..,\ ( \I\...:t// -'"le-\ I, ,.._/ f .J r .-f \ / / /r '-...,.J • )4 ./ /J rA 'V.... " i ,'- J.'~.', \ • / .1 f ' ·f """",-', , 5 (,/ I .., ''1 \ ._...... ')..l

HOT£:-£~CH DOT REPRESENTS SO PERSONS /' ._! I

The largest concentration of Aheris is in district About 10 per cent of the total population of the Kota where 59.2 per cent of their total population community of the Aheris resides in the urban areas of resides. Their distribution in various districts is contain­ Rajasthan. 95 per cent of such population is located in ed in the following table : the urban areas of Chitorgarh, Nagaur and Ganganagar districts while the rest are found in Jaipur, Kota and Udaipur districts. Population District Absolute Percentage In rural areas, they are mostly found in tehsils Lad· pura, Kishanganj and Shahbad of district Kota; tehsil Kota 1,152 59.2 Khanpur of district Jhalawar; tchsils Bhupalsagar and Ihalawar 239 12.3 Mavli of district Udaipur; and tehsil Ganganagar of Udaipur 20~ 10.5 district Ganganagar. The followini table gives their Chitorgarh 112 5.7 distribution in these tehsils : Ganganagar 9\ 4.7 District Tehsil Population Nagaur 44 2.2 Kola Ladpura 504 Ajmer 29 1.5 Kishanganj 467 Bundi 15 1.3 Shah bad 176 Bharatpur 21 1.1 Ihalawar Khanpur 236 Bhilwara 10 0.5 Udaipur Bhupalsagar 91 Others 20 1.0 Mavli 54 Total 1,947 100.0 Ganganagar Bhadra 54

95 SANTIA

TRADITIONALLY TRADERS in cattle, specially in the trade on exchange basis, the small nomadic community of Santia or Satia derives its name from the special nature of their occupation, viz. POPULATION BY RELIGION 'Santa' a equivalent of exchange basis. They trace their origin Persons from Rajputs. A peculiar feature of their social life is that the son-in- Religions Rural Urban law is almost always expected to stay alongwitb his father-in-law. Except Total 1,519 74 for a lone Sikh all of them profess Hindu religion and are located mainly l. Hindus 1,518 74 in the rural areas of the State as shown in the table alongside. There 2. Sikhs 1 are 1,593 Santia in the State. The following table gives their distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 783 810 401 366 360 366 18 74 4 4 0-14 328 385 307 321 20 53 1 10 ..,_ 15-44 356 303 92 43 257 243 5 13 2 4 45+ 99 122 2 I 83 70 12 51 2 Age not stated

The small community of Santia is primarily composed of persons engaged in cultivation and as agricultural labourers. Some move out of their houses in slack season in search of work mostly tradmg in cattle on exchange basis. They also work as castraters and grinders of hand-mill stone. Their distribution in various industrial categories is contained in the followmg table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 48.09 62.45 34.20 64.37 34.32 28.57 31.25 As Cultivator 23.29 27.20 19.51 28.75 20.31 As Agricultural Labourer 8.85 10.73 7.04 11.34 7.33 In Mining. Quarrying, Livestock etc. 1.64 2.17 1.11 2.29 1.16 [n Household Industry 4.21 4.98 3.46 3.78 2.31 26.19 31.25 In Manufacturing In Construction 0.50 0.13 0.86 0.13 0.90 In Trade & Commerce 7.72 14.94 0.74 15.79 0.77 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.06 0.13 0.13 In Other Services 1.b2 2.17 1.48 2.16 1.54 2.38 Non-workers 51.91 37.55 65.80 35.63 65.68 71.43 68.75

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is quite low in the community. Only 3.1 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females of the males and 0.5 per cent of the females are literate. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 69 39 30 LITERACY AMONG SANTIAS (ii) Literate, without educational level 3 2 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

8. In Rural Area. lout of 33 lout of 203 (i) Illiterate 1,496 720 776 (H) Literate. without educational level 22 20 2 There are only a handful of literates in the community. (iii) Primary or Junior A single person has attained educational level of Matri­ Basic culation and abov:. Various educational levels attained (iv) Matriculation and by the community are contained in the table alongside. above

96 DISPERSAL OF SANTIAS

NOTE:-EACH DOT REPRESENTS SO PERSONS

CENSUS RAJASfHAN The bulk of the community is concentrated in Only about 5 per cent of the total population of the district Pali where 71.8 per cent of its total population community resides in the urban areas. These areas resides. Their distribution in various districts is contain­ belong to Udaipur, Churu, and Kota districts. ed in the following table: Population In the rural areas they are mainly found in tehsils District Absolute Percentage Pali, Desuri, Kharchi and Jaitaran of district Pali; Pali 1,144 71.8 tehsil Dungargarh of district Churu; and tehsil Siwana of Churu 135 8.5 district Barmer. Their population in these tehsils is Barmer 85 5.3 contained in the following table: Udaipur 45 2.8 Ajmer 39 2.4 District Tehsil Population Nagaur 32 2.0 Pali Pali 323 Ganganagar 22 1.4 Sirohi n 1.4 Desuri 285 Bikaner 21 1.3 Kharchi 266 lalor 20 1.3 laitaran 109 Jhalawar 19 1.2 Churu Dungargarh 80 Others 9 0.6 Total 1,593 100.0 Barmer Siwana 85

97 CHANDAL

ASSOCIATED WITH the Hindu crematorium where they receive some of the articles from the bier sueh as the shroud, certain utensils and cash, the small community of the Chandals rank POPULATION BY RELIGION very low in the caste hierarchy. All of them are located in the rural Persons areas ofthe State and profess the Hindu religion. There are 218 Chan- Religions Rural Urban dais in the State. The following table gives their distribution by broad Total 218 age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 : I. Hindus 218 2. Sikhs

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Sepa,ated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 117 101 61 33 54 58 2 8 1 1 0-14 52 36 52 33 3 15-44 47 55 8 39 51 3 45+ 18 10 1 15 4 2 5 Age not stated

They own small patches of land and practice agriculture or work as agricultural labourers. They also engage themselves in household industry and in other sundry jobs. Their women-folk actively participate in their work. Their distribution in various industrial categories is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 50.92 56.41 44.55 56.41 44.55 As Cultivator 31.19 31.62 30.69 31.62 30.69 As Agricultural Labourer 6.42 10.26 1.98 10.26 1.98 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. In Household Industry 5.05 5.98 3.96 5.98 3.96 In Manufacturing 0.92 1.71 1.71 In Construction 0.46 0.86 0.86 In Trade & Commerce 0.92 1.71 1.71 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.92 1.71 1.71 In Other Services 5.04 2.56 7.92 2.56 752 Non-workers 49.08 43.59 55.45 43.59 55.45

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy among males is quite high that is 23.9 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females while among females it is only 1 per cent. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate LITERACY AMONG CHANDALS (ii) Literate, without educational level (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout of 4 lout of 101 (i) Illiterate 189 89 100 (ii) Literate, without Levels of education are, however, low. The number of educational level 24 23 persons who have attained educational level of Primary or Junior Basic and above can be counted on finger tips (iii) Primary or Junior aDd Done of them is a female. The table alongside Basic 3 3 presents the various educational levels attained by the (IV) Matriculation and community. above 2 2

98 SARBHANGI

ALSO KNOWN as Aghoris, the tiny community of Sarbhangis was on cenotorious as a caste of gang robbers and nuisance makers who used to terrorise the simple village-folk by their use of human POPULATION BY RELIGION skulls as receptacles for food and drinks and by squatting before houses Persons for purposes of nature and extorting gifts from people glad to be rid of Religions Rural Urban the horrible nuisance of their presence. Bulle of them profess the Hindu Total 439 6 religion and reside in th~ rural areas of the State. Their distribution by 1. Hindus 436 6 broad age-groups and by marital status is contained in the table below: 2. Sikhs 3

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Age-group Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 203 242 119 115 81 109 ~ 18 1 0-14 106 121 101 113 5 8 15-44 76 94 18 2 57 87 5 45+ 21 27 19 14 2 13 Aae not stated

The Sarbhangis have now taken to agriculture. They either cuhivate l.lnj or work as agricultural labourers. A few of them are also engaged in sundry jobs. Their distribut:on in various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas of the State is contained in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 39.55 51.72 29.34 51.76 29.58 50.00 As Cultivator 20.00 30.~4 11.16 31.16 11.25 As Agricultural Labourer 16.63 15.17 17.35 16.08 17.50 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock etc. In Household Industry 1.57 2.46 0.83 2.51 0.83 In Manufacturing In Construction 0.23 0.49 0.50 In Trade &. Commerce In Transport, Storage & Communication In Other Services 1.12 2.46 1.51 SO.OO Non-workers 60.45 48.28 70.66 48.24 70.42 50.00 100.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is very low in the community, Only 2.5 per Educational levels Persons Males Females cent of the males and 0.4 per cent of the females can claim to be literates. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 5 3 2 LITERACY AMONG SARBHANGIS (ji) Literate, without educational level (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Ar_s lout of 41 lout of 242 (i) Illiterate 434 195 239 Levels of education are also very low. None in the (ii) Literate, without community has attained an educational level higher than educational level 3 3 Primary or Junior Basic. The table alongside presents (iii) Primary or Junior the various educational levels attained by the community Basic 2 separately by sex and by the urban and rural areas of (iv) Matriculation and the State. above

99 SIl"GIWALA

INDIGENOUS SURGEONS who treat people hy taking out the impure blood out of the hojy with the aid of an animal horn, called 'Smgi'; from whicb they derive their name, the Singiwalas are POPULATION BY RELIGION a small community. With the exception of a lone person returned as Religions Persons Sikh, all of them profess the Hindu religion. Bulk of the community is Rural Urban located in urban areas as may be seen from the table alongside. Their Total 47 104 distribution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the I. Hindus 46 104 Census 19611S contained in the following table: 2. Sikhs I

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 93 58 51 22 40 27 2 9 0-14 46 27 42 20 4 7 15-44 34 21 9 2 25 17 2 45+ 13 10 II 3 2 7 Age not stated

Members of the community living in rural areas are engaged in sundry jobs. They also work as agricultural labourers and in household tndustry while a few also cultivate land. In urban areas, they are mostly engaged in sundry jobs. The following table gives their distribution in various industrial categories in the rural and urban areas of the State

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Total Categories Rural Urb:,m Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females. Total workers 33.11 44.09 15.52 56.52 33.33 40.0) 294 As CUltivator 0.66 1.08 4.34 As Agricultural Labourer 1.98 2.15 1.73 8.70 4.17 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock etc. In Household Industry 3.31 215 5.17 8.70 12.50 In Manufacturing 7.95 1Z.90 17.14 In Construction 5.96 8.60 1.72 11.43 2.94 In Trade & Commerce 0.66 1.08 1.43 In Transport, Storage & Communication 1.33 2.15 2.86 In Other Services 11.26 13.98 6.90 34.78 16.66 7.14 Non-workers 66.89 55.91 84.48 43.48 66.67 60.60 97.06

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS A wide contrast is noted in the male and femal: literacy Educational levels Persons Males Females in this community. While literacy among the males is A. la Urbaa Area. 17.2 per cent it is conspicuous by its total absence among (i) Illiterate 91 57 34 the females. (ii; Literate, without I.ITERACY AMONG SINGIWALAS educational level 12 12 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. Ia Rural Area. lout of 6 NIL (i) Illiterate 44 20 2.J. Levels of education are very low. There is only a lone (ii) Literate, without person who has attained the educational level educational level 3 3 of Matriculation and above as may be seen in the table (iii) Primary or Junior alongside which presents the various educational levels Basic attained by the community separately by sex and by (iv) Matriculation and the urban and rural areas of the State. above

100 7. UNIDENTIFIED CASTES BIRGI

(also caned YUKi or BarKi)

THE BIROIS are a small community of a little over thirty five hundred persons professing the Hindu religion. The distribution of their population by rural and urban areas of Rajasthan POPULATION BY RELIGION and by religion is indicated in the table alongside. The distribution Persons of their population, separately by broad age-groups. by sex and by Religions Rural Urban marital status according to the Census 1961, is shown in the following Total 2.035 1,522 table: 1. Hindus 2,035 1,522 2. Sikhs AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 2,154 1,403 1,183 562 913 627 57 210 1 1 3 0-14 1,015 573 957 539 56 31 2 3 15-44 915 538 219 23 682 504 14 10 45+ 223 292 7 175 92 41 200 Age not stated I

In the rural areas, where a majority of the community resides, the Birgis are engaged in cultivation, work as agricultural labourer, raise livestock and work in household industry. In all these activities their women-folk work alongside their men. In the urban areas, however, their activities relate to other fields na:nely manufacturing, construction, transport, storage and communication and other services as would be seen from the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 46.50 51.72 38.49 63.44 45.79 42.S1 JI.41 As Cultivator 12.15 9.52 16.18 2:?04 20.54 As Agricultural Labourer 5.96 5.34 6.91 12.26 8.78 0.08 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock, etc. 3.29 3.85 2.42 8.71 2.90 0.16 0.67 In Household Industry 4.30 2.97 6.35 6.50 8.05 0.25 In Manufacturing 1.29 2.14 0.32 3.51 In Construction 1.46 2.18 0.36 0.27 3.84 0.67 In Trade & Commerce 0.40 0.61 om 0.32 009 0.~2 In Transport, Storage & Communication 4.41 7.24 om 12.75 0.34 In Other Services 13.24 17.87 6.13 13.23 5.16 21.40 9.73 Non-workers 53.50 48.28 61.51 36.56 54.21 57.19 88.59

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low in the community. While 5.6 per cent Educational levels Persons Males Females of males know how to read and write, only 2.6 per cent of females can claim to be literate. A. In Urban Area. (i) Illiterate 1,381 1.118 263 LITERACY AMONG BIRGIS (ii) Literate, without educational level 116 85 31 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 13 9 4 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 12 12 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Area. lout of 18 lout of 3S (i) Illiterate 2,018 915 1,103 (ii) Literate, without Educational standards attained by the community are educational level 16 14 2 also low. Only a dozen persons all males have reached the level of Matriculation or Higher Secondary. The (iii) Primary or Junior table alongside presents various educational levels Basic attained by the community separately· by sex and by the (iv) Matriculation and urban and rural areas of the Siate. above

102 DISPERSAL OF BIRGIS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE'- EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

The Birgis are mainly concentrated in Jaipur district Jaipur. A sizable population is found in the urban where three-fourth of their total population resides. centres of . The urban areas of district Their dispersal by districts is shown in the following Ganganagar, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Kota and Jaisalmer table: also have some population of Birgis. It may be noted that in Jodhpur and Jaisalmer districts the community Population is found only in the urban areas. District Absolute Percentage In the rural areas, they are concentra ted in tehsils Jaipur 2,672 75.1 Dudu, Phagi and Phulera of district Jaipur, tehsil Bharat­ Jodhpur 465 13.0 pur of district Bharatpur, tehsil Hindoli of district Bundi Bharatpur 132 3.6 and tehsil Kishanganj of district Kota. Their population Bundi 2.2 78 in these tehsils is as follows: KOla 76 2.1 Ganganagar 64 2.0 District Tehsil Population Others 70 2.0 Jaipur Dudu 621 Total 3,557 100.0 Phagi 457 Phulera 443 More than one-third of the total population of Bharatpur Bharatpur 84 Birgis resides in the urban areas of the State. More Bundi Hindoli 78 than half of their total urban population live in district Kota Kishanganj 60 103 ~AJGAR

THE BAJGARS are a small com nuaity of a little over thirty three hun ired p~rson~. Mo,t of the community resides in the rural areas of the State. The distribution of the population of this POPULATION BY RELIGION community by religion and rural anJ urban areJ.s of Rajasthan is Religions Persons indicated in the table alongside. The distribution of their population Rural Urban separately by broad age-groups, by sex and by marital status, according Total 3,354 18 to the Census 1961, is shown in the following table: 1. Hindus 2,599 18 2. Sikhs 755 AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Married Age·group Total Never married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Femal:s Total 1,682 1,690 909 854 700 741 60 85 2 3 11 7 0-14 769 842 73~ 792 24 47 11 3 15-44 675 631 169 6~ 490 551 I) 15 1 2 45+ 238 217 6 186 143 45 70 2 2 Age not stated

In the rural areas, where the bulk of thl! community resides. the Bajgars are en,:pged in cultivation and as agricultural labourers. They are also engaged in hou3ehold industry and other services as woulJ be seen from the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY_,INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Person~ Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 36.77 56.18 17.46 56.18 17.64 25.00 As Cultivator 17.52 24.85 10.24 :!4.85 10.3~ As Agricultural Labourer 10.38 16.59 4.20 16.59 4.25 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.15 0.29 0.2-) In Household Industry 2.31 4.40 0.24 4.40 0.24 In Manufacturing 0.09 0.18 0.18 In Construction 0.03 0.06 0.06 In Trade & Commerce 0.09 0.12 0.06 0.12 0.06 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.06 0.12 0.12 In Other Services 6.14 9.57 2.72 9.57 2.75 Non-workers 63.23 43.82 82.54 43.82 82.36 100.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is low and distressingly low amongst the females Educational levels Persons Males Females of the community. While 5.7 per cent of the males are literate only 0.8 per cent of females can claim to read A. III Urban Areas and write. (i) Illiterate 18 18 (ii) Literate, without LITERACY AMONG BAJGARS educational level (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout of 18 lout of 121 (i) Illiterate 3,244 1,586 1658 Educational levels attained by the community are also (ii) Literate, without educational level 100 88 12 very low. Only ten persons, including two females, have (iii) Primary or Junior reached the Primary or Junior Basic standards. The Basic 10 8 Z table alongside shows the educational levels attained by (iv) Matriculation and the community in the rural and urban areas by sex. above

104 D!SPERSAL OF BAJGARS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE'- EACH DOT REPHSENTS H) PERSONS

CENSUS RAJASTHAN The Bajgars are mainly concentrated in Ganganagar Only an insignificant number of Bajgars live in the district where more than three-fourth of their total urban areas. This group resides in the urban centre3 population resides. Their dispersal by districts is shown of district Jaipur. in the following table: In the rural areas they are concentrated in tehsils Population Ganganagar, Karanpur, Suratgarh, Hanumangarh and District Absolute Percentage Padampur of district Ganganagar and in tehsil Jaswant- pura of district Jalor. The following table gives figures Ganganagar 2,877 85.5 of their population livin& in these tehsils: Jalor 348 10.5 Udaipur 58 1.6 District Tehsil Population Banswara 32 0.9 Ganganagar Ganganagar 704 Dungarpur 27 0.7 Karanpur 600 Jaipur 18 0.5 Suratgarh 392 Bhilwara 9 0.2 Hanumangarh 331 Others 3 0.1 Padampuf 318 Total 3,372 100.0 lalor Jaswantpura 348

105 ADI DHARMI

A TINY community having a little over fifteen hundred members the Adi Dharmis appear to have taken to their present name only a few years ago after having completely disassociated POPULATION BY RELIGION themselves from their traditional occupation. They are mostly found in Persons the rural areas of the State. The distribution of their population by Religions Rural Urban rural and urban areas of Rajasthan and by religion is indicated in the Total 1,228 345 table alongside. The distribution of their population separately by broad I. Hindus 1,021 345 age-groups, by sex and by marital status, according to the Census 1961, 2. Sikhs 207 is shown in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 995 573 599 272 348 287 44 15 4 4 0-14 527 272 520 257 5 11 I 1 4 15-44 336 252 illS 241 235 22 2 2 45+ 132 54 8 102 41 21 13 1 Age not stated

In the rural areas, where bulk of the community resides. the Adi Dharmis are mostly engaged as agricultural labourers, in household industry, in manufacturing in construction and in other services their wo;nen-folk mostly assisting their men as agricultural labourers and in household industry as would be seen from the table below. Only a handful of persons are still found to be engaged in tanning and currying of hides and skins :

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES

Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 33.69 45.93 12.63 58.39 13.75 16.78 As Cultivator 2.48 3.42 0.87 4.88 0.94 As Agricultural Labourer 15.77 20.80 7.09 2~.56 7.72 0.33 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.06 0.10 0.14 In Household Industry 3.94 4.44 3.12 6.31 3.39 In Manufacturing 4.58 6.53 1.21 5.02 1.32 10.Q7 In Construction 2.73 4.22 0.17 6.03 0.19 In Trade &. Commerce 0.63 1.00 1.43 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.32 0.50 0.29 1.01 In Other Services 3.18 4.92 017 4.73 0.19 5.37 Non-workers 66.31 54.07 87.37 41.60 86.25 83.22 100.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy among the males of the community appears to Educational levels Persons Males Females be reasonable, 22.2 per cent b:Jt low amongst the females A. In Urban Area. in only 3.3 per cent of whom know how to read and write. (i) Illiterate 262 220 42 (ii) Literate, without UTRRACY AMOl'>G AD! DHARMIS educational level 72 67 5 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 5 5 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 6 6 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Area.

lout of 5 lout of 3;) (i) Illiterate 1,071 554 517 (ii) Literate, without Standards of education attained by the community educational level 120 110 10 separately by sex and by the urban and rural areas of the (iii) Primary or Junior State are shown in the table alongside. Fourteen persons Basic 29 27 2 including two females have reached the level of (iv) Matriculation and Matriculation and above. above 8 6 2

106 DISPERSAL OF ADIDHARMIS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE __ EACH OOT IfEPIiESENTS 50 PERSONS

CEN$USRA.M.ST~

The bulk of the Adi Dharmis are concentrated in of the urban population of the community resides. Ganganagar district. Their dispersal by districts is Remaining 3 per cent of their urban population is shown in the following table: located in Kota and Udaipur districts.

District Population In the rural areas they are concentrated in tehsils Absolute Percentage Ganganagar, Padampur aud Raisinghnagar of district Ganganagar 1,222 77.6 Ganganagar and tehsil of district Chitor­ Jaipur 234 J5.0 garh. Their population figures are given in the table Chitorgarh 95 6.0 below: Udaipur 13 0.8 Others 9 0.6 District Tehsil Population Total 1,573 l00_O Ganganagar Ganganagar 578 Padampur 292 About 22 per cent of the community lives in the Raisinghnagar 66 urban areas cf Rajasthan. They are mostly con centra - Chitorgarh Chhoti Sadri 86 ted in Jaipur and Ganl:\anagar districts where 97 per cent

107 BIDAKIA

A MINOR community having only seven hundfl.d and forty nine members the Bidakias are found mostly in the rural areas of Rajasthan. The distribution of the population of this community by POPULATION BY RELIGION religion and by the rural and urban areas of Rajasthan is indicated Religions Persons in the table alongside. The distribution of their population separately by Rural Urban broad age-groups, by sex and by marital status, according to the Census Total 744 5 1961, is shown in the following table: 1. Hindus 744 5 2. Sikhs AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/S:parated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 398 351 170 128 212 197 14 25 1 I 1 0-14 163 163 142 127 21 35 I 15-44 163 148 25 I 134 143 3 4 45+ 72 40 3 57 19 11 21 Age not stated

In the rural areas, where the bulk of the comm:.mity resides, the Bid4kias are engaged mostly in cultivation in which work their women-folk also actively participate. Some also work as agricultural labourers and in other services as will be seen from the table below :

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 49.67 58.29 39.89 59.03 39.89 As Cultivator 39.92 48.49 30.20 49.11 30.20 As Agricultural Labourer 1.73 1.01 2.56 1.02 2.56 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.67 1.26 1.27 In Household Industry 1.07 0.50 1.71 0.51 1.71 In Manufacturing In Construction In Trade & Commerce 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.25 0.29 In Transport, Storage & Communication In Other Services 6.01 6.78 5.13 6.87 5.13 Non-workers 50.33 41.71 60.11 40.97 60.11 100.0

EDUCATIO~AL LEVEL5 While the literacy rate among the males or the community Educational levels Persons Males Fema!es is fairly high (30.9 per cent), the position of female literacy is distressingly low ( 0.9 per cent ). A. In Urban Area. (i) Illiterate LITERACY AMONG BIDAKIAS (ii) Literate, without educational level 5 5 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non· technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Area. lout of 3 lout of 117 (i) Illiterate 623 275 348 The table alongside presents various educational levels (ii) Literate, without attained by the community separately by sex and by the educational level 79 78 urban and rural areas of the State. It will be seen that (iii) Primary or Junior only 38 persons have reached Primary or Junior Basic Basic 38 37 level : while only 4 persons have attained the level of (iv) Matriculation and Matriculation and above. above 4 3

108 DISPERSAL OF BIDAKIAS (IN RURAl. AREAS)

NOTE, - EACH DOT RHRESENTS SO PER50N5

The bulk of the Bidakia, community resides in total ropulation of the community of Bidakias live in Udaipur district. Their dispersal by districts is shown the urban areas and all of them are located in Bundi in the following table: district.

Population In the rural arcas they are mostly concentrated in District Absolute Percentage tehsil Bhim of Udaipur district. The following table Udaipur 633 84.5 gives figures of their population in tehsils where their Ganllanagar 55 7.3 strength is twenty or above. Bharatpur 35 4.6 BaDswara 8 1.1 District Tehsil Population Sawai Madhopur 6 0.8 Karanpur 41 Barmer 6 0.8 Ganganagar Bundi S 0.8 Bharatpur Bayana 25 Chitor&arh 1 0.1 Udaipur Bhim 508 Total 149 100.0 Nathdwara 49 Mavli 20 Five perions which constitute 0.7 per cent of the Vallabhnagar 35

109 GANDIA

THE GANDIAS form a tiny community having two hundred and sixty four members who reside only in the rural areas of Rajasthan. They arc found only in Bikaner and Udaipur districts of the State. In these districts also they are found living only in the Kolayat and Nokha tehsils of the former and Nathdwara tehsil of the later district. All of them follow the Hindu religion. The distribution of their population separately by broad age-groups, by sex and by marital status. according to the Census 1961, is shown in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 67 197 39 84 27 90 1 22 0-14 37 91 37 8 .. 7 15--44 -22 76 2 20 68 7 45+ 8 30 7 IS IS Age not stated

The Gandias are mostly engaged in cultivation in which activity their women-folk also actively participates and in the household industry as will be observed from the following table which gives the percentage distribution of their population by industrial categories both for males and females.

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 37.88 53.73 32.49 53.73 32.49 As Cultivator 32.58 37.31 30.96 37.31 30.96 As Agricultural Labourer In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.38 0.51 0.51 In Household Industry 4.54 16.42 0.51 16.42 0.51 In Manufacturing In Construction In Trade & Commerce In Transport, Storage & Communication In Other Services 0.38 0.51 0.51 Non-workers 62.12 46.27 67.51 46.27 67.51

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS While about 7.5 per cent of males are literate. or.ly I.S Educational levels Persons Males Females per cent females of the community know bow to read A. In Urban Areas and write. (i) Illiterate LITERAL Y AMONG GANDIAS (ii) Literate, without educational level (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (VI) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas lout of 13 lout 0166 (i) Illiterate 256 62 194 (i1) Literate, without The table alongside presents the educational levels educational level 7 4 3 attained by the community by sex. It will be observed (Iii) Primary or Junior tbat only one person has reached the level of Primary or Basic Junior Basic which is the highest educational standard (iv) Matriculation and attained by the community. ' above

110 GODHI

THE GODHIS. a tiny community having some four hundred and eighteen members in all, are mostly found in the rural areas of Udaipur and Sikar districts. A few others are spread over districts Jaipur. Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur, Bhilwara and Churu. At the tehslilevel. some of their larger concentrations are located in tehsils Rajsamand. Kumbhalgarh, Girwa and Bhupalsagar of Udaipur district, and tehsil Lacchmangarh of district Sikar. All of them follow the Hindu religion. The distribution of their population separately by broad age-groups, by sex and by mlrital status, according to the Census 1961. is shown in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 285 ]33 90 50 172 71 22 12 0-14 75 53 68 45 7 8 15-44 141 62 21 5 112 55 8 2 45+ 69 18 1 53 8 14 10 Age not stated

The Godhis are mostly engaged in cultivation in which activity their women-folk also activelY work alongwith their men. A small proportion of population also work as agricultural labourers while others are engaged in household industry and in other miscellaneous activities as will be seen from the table below;

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 69.62 75.79 56.39 75.79 63.03 As Cultivator 50.24 54.74 40.60 54.74 45.38 As Agricultural Labourer 1.43 1.05 2.26 1.05 2.52 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock etc. 0.48 l.50 1.68 In Household Industry 3.11 4.56 4.56 In Manufacturing 0.96 lAO 1.40 In Construction 0.72 1.05 1.05 In Trade & Commerce 1.91 2.81 2.81 In Transport. Storage & Communication In Other Services 10.77 10.18 12.03 10.18 13.45 Non-workers 30.38 24.21 43.61 24.21 36.97 100.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS While about 19.6 per cent of the male members of the Educational levels Persons Males Females community are literate, no female knows how to read and write; A. In Urban Area. (i) Illiterate 14 LITERACY AMONG GODHIS 14 (ii) Literate, without educational level ( iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees lout of 5 NIL B. In Rural Areas Although literacy appears to have made some (i) Illiterate 348 headway amongst the male members of Godhis, only 229 119 five of them have reached the Primary or Junior Basic (U) Literate. without level education - the highest standard attained by educational level 51 51 members of the community. The table alongside (iii) Primary or Junior presents the various educational levels attained by the Basic 5 5 community separately by sex and by the urban 'and rural (iv) Matriculation and areas of the State. above

111 K.HANGAR

THE KHAN GAR community, having a total membership of two hundred and sixty two persons, is found in some of the south and south-eastero districts of Rajasthan namely Chitorgarn, Dungarpur, Bundi, Kota and Jhalawar. In Dungarpur and Bundi districts the Khangars are located only in the urban areas. At the level of the tehsils, they are found in tehsil Dungla, Pratapgarh and Achnera of Chitorgarh district, tehsils. Mangrol, Digod, Anta, and Chhipabarod of and tehslls Khanpur, Aklera and Manoharthana of Jhalawar district. All Khangars profess the Hindu religion. The distribution of their population separately by broad age-group, by sex and by marital status, according to the Census 1961 is shown in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Married Widowed Age-group Total Never married Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Femal~s Total 142 120 66 53 73 54 3 12 0-14 65 56 63 52 2 4 15-44 4S 50 3 1 41 45 1 4 45+ 32 14 30 5 2 8 Age not stated

Most of the Khangars are engaged in cultivation, while others work as agricultural labourers, work in household industry and in miscellaneous jobs. In the urban areas they work in manufacturing, in transport, storage and communications as will be observed from the following table :

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Categories Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 37.99 48.59 25.00 57.65 29.73 35.09 17.39 As Cultivator 20.99 23.94 17.50 40.00 20.27 13.04 As Agricultural Labourer 3.82 5.63 1.61 9.41 2.70 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 0.38 0.83 2.18 In Household Industry 1.91 2.82 0.83 3.53 I.75 2.17 In Manufacturing 3.06 5.63 1.18 12.28 In Construction 1.91 3.52 1.18 7.02 In Trade & Commerce 0.38 0.71 1.76 In Transport, Storage & Communication 2.29 4.23 10.53 In Other Services 3.05 2.11 4.17 2.35 6.76 1.75 Non-workers 62.21 51.41 75.00 42.35 70.27 64.91 82.61

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS About 42.3 per cent of the males are literate while only Educational levels Persons Males Females 3.3 per cent of their females know how to read and A. III Urban Areas write. (i) Illiterate 65 19 46 (ii) Literate, without educational level 31 31 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 7 7 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) UDlversity and technical degrees

B. III Rural Areu lout of 2 lout of 30 The educational levels attained by the community are (i) Illiterate 133 63 7'J low. Only seven persons have reached the level of (ii) Literate, without educational level Primary or Junior Basic which is the highest standard 24 20 4 (iii) Primary or Junior attained. The table alongside presents the various Basic 2 2 education_al levels attained by the community separately (iv) Matriculation and by sex and by the urban and rural areas of the State. above

112 MANG-

THE MANG-GARODI community is, according to some, a wandering caste traditionally associated with the art of show-manship, jugglery and magic. The community, however, has no more than one person living in Rajasthan.

This single-ton, who belongs to the age-group 15 - 44, is a married male, is a literate. is engaged in other services and lives 10 the urban areas of Jhalawar district.

Ii3

B-SCHEDULED TRIBES OF RAJASTHAN MINA

THE MINAS were once a force to reckon with as they held power over a large part of Rajasthan previous to the advent of the Rajputs. After they were run over, those loyal to the new rulers POPULATION BY RELIGION were granted lands. The others who could not reconcile t4) their new Persons status formed into organised bands and took the path of resistance, Religions Rural Urban crime and violence. To bring them round efforts were made to rehabili- Total 1,134,205 21,414 tate them by offering the jQbs of village watchmen •. Thus, they came to I. Christians I be divIded into two divisions-the Zamindars and the Chowkidars, which 2. Hindus 1,134,198 21,414 continue upto date. Bulk of them profess the Hindu religion. There 3. Jains 4 are around 1,155 thousand Minas in Rajasthan which constitute the 4. largest part ( 49% ) of the total Scheduled Tribe population of the State. 5. Sikhs 2 Their distribution by broad age-grou;>s anj by m:uital status according to the Census 1961 is as under: AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females 280,725 Total 607,251 548,369 302.060 218,922 278,307 25,405 47,752 1,138 610 341 360 0-14 259,794 235,307 247,571 211,197 11,650 23,694 145 156 227 146 201 114 15-44 264,346 238,800 51.059 7,083 203,803 219,035 8,691 12,226 693 254 100 202 45+ 82,721 73,856 3,082 267 62,831 37,977 16,557 35,362 218 210 33 40 Age not stated 390 406 348 375 23 19 12 8 7 4 The bulk of the community resides in the rural areas where most of the workers, both men and women, cultivate their lands. In urban areas, apart from cultivation they have taken to sundry jobs as can be seen from the table below:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories~ Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females 62.55 Total workers 57.65 52.23 62.75 52.68 52.54 26.35 55.43 As Cultivator 51.66 47.50 56.15 48.06 19.47 15.24 As Agricultural Labourer 1.67 1.79 1.54 1.7Y 1.54 1.26 1.56 1.52 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 1.39 1.20 1.5j 1'19 2.48 1.79 In Household Industry lAO 1.55 1.24 1.54 1.23 1.79 0.10 2.02 In Manufacturing 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.02 2.56 0.30 In Construction 0.09 0.15 0.04 0.10 0.03 2.61 0.07 0.58 In Trade & Commerce 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.02 1.14 0.34 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0.19 0.34 (l.01 0.23 0.01 6.25 1.56 0.04 In Other Services 1.14 0.66 1.29 0.60 14.98 4.52 37.45 Non-workers 42.35 47.77 37.25 47.32 47.46 73.65

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS

Literacy is low in the community. While there are 9.6 Educational levels Persons Males Female~ per cent males which are literate the corresponding figure A. In UrbaD Area. for females is only 0.3 per cent. (i) Illiterate 18.157 8,989 9,168 LITERACY AMONG MINAS Oi) Literate, without educational level 2,798 2,549 249 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 283 275 8 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 161 159 2 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas 2 2 (vi) University and technical degrees 13 13

B. In Rural Areas (i) lout of 10 lout of 362 Illiterate 10,77,873 540,188 537,685 (ii) Literate, without educational level 50,880 49,746 1,134 The number of literates amongst the Minas is itself very (iii) Primary or Junior small. The community has a very low educational level Basic 4,834 4,714 120 even in the urban areas as will be seen from the table ( v) Matriculation and alongside. above 619 616 3 116 DISPERSAL OF MINAS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE. - EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

Except in the Ajmer district where the Minas are not Within these districts, Latsot, Jamwa Ramgarh, included as Scheduled Tribe, the community is spread Dausa, Bassi and Baswa tehsils of district Jaipur; Sawai all over the State but are mostly concentrated in Jaipur, Madhopur, Todabhim, Sapotra and Karauli tehsils of Sawai Madhopur and Udaipur districts where over 51 district Sawai Madhopur, Lasadia, Sarada and SaJumbar per cent of their population resides. The following table tehsils of district Udaipur; Rajgarh and Lachhmangarh presents their distribution by the districts of their main tehsils of district Alwar; Pra tapgarh and Achnera tehsils location: of district Chitorgarh, Aspur tehsil of district Dungarpur, and Jahazpur tehsil of district-Bhilwara are those where Population District Absolute Percentage their concentration is high. The population figures for Jaipur 212,237 18.4 the leading tehsils are indicated in the table below: Sawai Madhopur 204,380 17.7 Udaipur 173,367 15.0 District Tehsil Population Alwar 86,008 7.4 Chitorgarh 83,525 7.2 Udaipur Lasadia 50,055 Kota 79,123 6.8 Sarada 41,544 Bundi 49,461 4.3 Salurnbar 33,782 Took 48,564 4.2 Rajgarh 36,552 Dungarpur 45.953 4.0 Alwar Bhilwara 32,573 2.9 Jaipur Lalsot 33,927 Others 140,429 12.1 Jamwa Ramgarh 31,656 Total 1,155,620 100.0 Chitorgarh Pratapgarh 31,851

117 BHIL

ONE OF the earliest inhabitants of the country, the BhUs are an ancient community. Mention about them is found in the Ramayana and the Mahabharatha. The name of the community is POPULATION BY RELIGION believed to have been derived from the Dravidian word - 'Billu' meaning Persons a bow. One of their most characteristic feature is the peculiar pattern Religions Rural Urban of the settlement of their houses for they live in scattered hutllents Total 89,Q7,37 15,968 separated widely or perched on hill-tops depending upon the topography. I. Christians 47 Bulk of them professes the Hindu religion as shown in the table 2. Hindus 89,06,83 15,%8 alongside. The community is now a member of the Scheduled Tribes in 3. Jains 1 Rajasthan of which it constitutes 39 per cent. There are around 905,7J5 4. Muslims 6 Bhits in the State. Their distribution by broad age·groups and by 5. Sikhs marital status according to the Census 1961 is as under:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 464,868 441,837 240,241 195,084 212,034 217,139 11,207 28,803 1,185 576 201 235 0-14 216,480 204,206 207,400 185,535 8,685 18,432 104 78 .200 101 91 60 15-44 191,283 188,052 31,211 8,970 154,839 170,282 4,356 8,295 801 360 76 145 45+ 56,842 49,190 1,423 219 48,464 28,404 6,746 20,4::8 184 115 25 24 Ap not stated 263 389 207 360 46 21 1 2 9 6

The bulk of the community is located in the rural areas of the State and is engaged in cultivation. The women·folk actively participate in this work. It is, however, in the urbln areas where both men and women take to work relating to other services as would be observed from the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers. 56.97 61.86 51.81 62.01 52.11 5-t06 34.30 As Cultivator 48.32 52.41 44.02 53.26 44.67 7.57 5.13 As Agricultural Labourer 2.80 2.84 2.75 2.85 2.76 2.49 2.34 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 1.9J 202 1.78 1.91 1.75 7.35 3.54 In Household Industry 1.38 1.54 1.21 1.56 1.21 0.61 0.96 In Manufacturing 0.10 0.13 0.07 0.10 0.06 1.79 0.51 ]n Construction 0.42 0.,3 0.29 0.43 0.24 6.15 3.44 In Trade &. Commerce 0.17 0.13 0.21 0.05 0.Q9 440 7.76 ]n Transport, Storage &. Communication 0.10 0.17 0.Q3 0.09 0.03 4.30 0.19 In Other Services J.71l 2.09 1.45 1.76 1.30 19.40 10.43 Non-workers 43.03 38.14 48.19 37.99 47.89 45.94 65.70

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is distressingly low in the community. The Educational levels Persons pictogram below highlights the state of affairs as obtain­ Males Females ina in 1961. A. In Urban Areas (i) Illiterate 14,416 7,291 7,125 LITERACY AMONG BHILS (ii) Literate, without educational level ],393 ],221 172 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 113 105 8 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 44 43 (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees 2 2

8. In Rural Areas lout of 20 lout of 408 (i) Illiterate 868,064 434,434 433,630 (H) Literate, without There are only a handful literates in the community. educational level 20,624 19,781 843 The table alongside presents the various educational levels (iii) Primary or Junior attained by it separately by sex and by the urban and Basic 1,864 1,816 48 rural areas of the State. It may be noted that the entire (iv) Matriculation and community can boast of ollly two eraduates. ahove 185 175 10

118 _o /. ,. '-'_'-. DISPERSAL OF BHILS i ~ (IN RURAL AREAS) i ! · ~'-'\ •I '-'Ji .1.... c::. ." r--,J'"\ ,") ~ l r ...... ",.· • "'_ J J ...... -._..._ t I _J . . ) } J "~ rS\.,) '''', l 1- - t' ~.:: ., ~.-.. ~l! rl"l_ (' 'c.···~'vt.J " t .... - ...... \ . ~ . ....,.'" . ) I' -1 r' (._; i r""~ ~...,). / " r:'\.... ·-·''\I\. ,-...... $ 1, > ( ,,'!:. 0 •• '. '. !..: ... :: : . ·::r.S.... , '\. ....< r-// (. ''7 °( ' '•• :. '; :'~" ::: .: • :'\' . fJ ~"\(..(y .. " .,... •. . .. "F \. .(._ . . :.. :.: :·i:·.:;:.~:.:::·::·.:·::'':''1\ ( C '/"/" '-1 ~ . . t7-'='.\.':: '1,;,.:,:,::,:,:'::'::::.::::;':' _ (.-<'; .. '." '.: '. _, . \ I' . 'r:'~ •..._'-<\:. •. "'.:...... r-r··· ..:/:": ...... r.' ""-...... 1 r:

¥

.. . c:t:'\.l' .u,..:;.:,.,'

NOT(' - EACH DOT REPRESENTS $0 PERSONS

The Bhils are spread all over the State blolt are mostly Rajsamand tehsils of Udaipur, all tehsils of Banswara and concentrated in the districts of Udaipur, Banswara and Dungarpur, Mandalgarh tehsil of Bhilwara, Bhainsrorgarh Dungarpur where 68 per cent of their total population tehsil of Chitorgarh district are amongst those where resides. The table below gives their distribution by the their concentration iJ very high. The population figures districts of their main locations: for the leading tehsils are indicated in the table below: Population District Absolute Percentage District Tehsil Population Udaipur 229,961 25.4 Dungarpur Dungarpur 117,878 Banswara 203,037 22.4 Sagwara 53,890 Dungarpur 180,780 20.0 Banswara Banswara 53,352 Bhilwara 47,855 5,3 Ghatol 52,575 Chitorgarh 45,517 5.0 Garhi 36,550 Barmer 30,742 3.4 Bagidora 34,618 Sirohi 30,395 3.4 Udaipur Kherwara 47,090 Ihalawar :'9,133 3.2 Kolra 32,871 Ialor 28.917 3.2 Phalasia 31,587 Kota 21,637 2.4 Others 58.731 6.3 Around 40 per cent of the community speaks Bhili Total ~06,705 100.0 and its allied dialect called Wagdi and these speakers Within these districts Khl!rwara, Kotra Phalasia. belong to Banswara and Dungarpur districts. Bhils living Girwa ,Gogunda, Nathdwara, Kumbhaliarh, Mavli and in other areas appear to have taken to the local dialects.

119 GARASIA

THE derive their name from the Sanskrit word 'Gras' meaning a morsel or subsistence. According to tradition, over six hundred years ago the Chauhan Rajputs of Jalor when POPVLATlON BY RELIGION defeated fled to the hills where subsequently they settled on the grant of Religions Persons a subsistence. They overpowered the Bhils, who were the inhabitants of Rural Urban the region, and to pacify them also parted with some subsbtence in their Total 62,492 !7 favour. These Bhil gras-holders came to be known as the Garasias, 1. Hindus 62,492 11 which are now listed as a Scheduled Tribe. Garasias profess the Hindu 2. Sikhs religion. The pattern of their housing, the use of the bow and the arrow and their general mode of living are all similar to those of Bhils. There are around 62 thousand Garasias in Rajasthan which constitute about 2.7 per cent of the total Scheduled Tribe population of the State. Their distribution by broad age-group and by marital status according to Census 1961 is as under: AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Age-group Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 32,393 30,116 17,164 14,632 14,262 13,969 858 1,493 90 21 19 0-14 14.856 14,402 14,579 13,698 258 ()99 2 2 2 17 15-44 13,152 12,186 2,495 908 10,332 10,972 253 296 66 10 I 45+ 4,354 3,504 61 2 3.671 2,293 598 1.195 23 9 1 Age not stated 31 24 29 2 .. 1

Most marriages are contracted by way of elopement which is an accepted proc:dure in the Garasia society. Almost all Garasias reside in the rural areas of the State where they cultivate their lands and their women-folk participate in this work as would be observed from the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Maks Females Males Females Total workers 50.47 62.!3 37.93 62.13 37.94 88.89 12.50 As Cultivator 44.39 55.84 32.08 55.86 32.09 As Agricultural Labourer ],35 1.91 0.74 1.91 0.74 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 1.33 1.09 l.59 1.(,9 1'59 In Household Industry 2.68 2.37 3.U2 2.37 3.02 In Manufacturing 0.06 0.09 0.02 0.08 0.02 4~.45 In Construction N 0.01 N 0.01 N In Trade & Commerce 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 In Transport, Storage & Communication N 0.01 0.01 In Other Services 0.63 0.78 0.46 0.77 0.46 44.44 12.50 Non-workers 49.53 37.87 6207 37.87 62.06 11.11 87.50

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is extremly low in the community. Female Educational levels Persons Males Females literacy is negligible while amongst the males also it is as A. In Urban Areas low as 2.5 per cent. li) Illiterate 12 4 8 LITERACY AMOl'lG GARASIAS (i;) Literate, without educational level 4 4 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

lout of 40 lout of 4302 n. In Rural Areas (i) Illiterate 61,670 31,569 30,10) Only 3 small number of people are literate in the (ii) Literate, without community. Persons attaining an educational level of educational level 779 772 7 Matriculation and above can be counted on finger tips. (iii) Primary or Junior The table alongside presents the various educational Basic 37 37 levels obtaining In 1961 by sex and by the urban and dv) Matriculation and rural a Teas. above 6 6

120 DISPERSAL OF GARASIAS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE - EACH DOT RE~t>ESENTS 50 PERSONS

The Garasias are located mainly in Sirohi, Udaipur are found in large numbers are the Gogunda, Phalasia and Fali districts where 99.8 per cent of their total popu­ and Kherwara tehsils of Udaipur district, and Reodhar lation resides. The following table shows their distribu­ tehsil of Sirohi district. The bulk of the population of tion by these districts: the Garasias thus resides in a pocket formed by these tehsils as will appear from the map above and the Population figures of population shown in the table below: District Absolute Percentage Tehsil Sirohi 32,865 52.6 District Population Udaipur 20,660 33.1 Sirohi Abu Road 19,405 8,836 14.1 Pali Pindwara 11,853 0.2 Others 148 Reodhar 962 Total 62,509 ]00.0 Udaipur Kotra 13,503 Gogunda Within these districts Abu Road and Pindwara 2,938 Phalasia tehsils of district Sirohi; Kotra tehsil of district Udaipur; 2,403 Kherwara and Bali tehsil of district Pali are amongst those where 1,783 their concentration is high. Other tehsils where they Pali Bali 8,775

121 SAHARIYA

THE PEOPLE who were reported to be but little removed from savage life a hundred years a&o and who still rerr.ain the most backward of all the Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan are tbe Sahariyas. POPULATION BY RELIGION Their customs and manners bear great resemblance with the caste Persons Hindus with whom they live in their present habitat and who consider Religions Rural Urban them to be untouchables. The Sahariyas thus presently appear to form Total 23,184 15 a marginal community on the caste/tribe border. There are 23,299 1. Hindus 23,284 15 Sahariyas residmg in Rajasthan forming 0.99 per cent of the total 2. Sikhs Scheduled Tribe population of the State. Their dishibution by broad age-groups and by marital status according to the Census 1961 is contained in the following table:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Age-group Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 12,144 11,155 5,597 4,042 6,202 6,257 297 834 38 12 10 10 0-14 5,210 4,442 4,976 ~,943 215 492 2 3 4 7 15-44 5.542 5,356 587 64 4,819 5,053 10.i 226 24 10 4 3 45+ 1,387 1,324 29 2 1,153 712 187 608 11 2 2 Age not stated S 33 5 33

The bulk of the community lives in the rural areas where they cultivate land, work as agricultural labourers, raise livestock and work as casual labourers in sundry professions. Their women-folk also actively participate in the work. The following table gives their distribution in various industrial categories by sex in tbe rural and urban areas:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Rural Urban Categories Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 55.79 62.25 48.76 62.28 48.76 22.22 50.00 As Cultivator 22.38 2675 17.62 26.77 17.63 As Agricultural Labourer 15.86 21.84 9.36 21.85 9.36 In Mining, Quarrying, Livestock etc. 2.34 2.12 2.58 2.13 2.S7 16.67 In Household Industry 0.92 1.12 0.71 1.10 0.71 22.22 In Manufacturing 0.46 0.48 0.44 0.48 0.42 33.33 In Construction 0.32 0.41 0.21 0.41 0.22 In Trade & Commerce 1.04 0.83 1.26 0.83 1.27 In Transport, Storage & Communication 0:06 0.11 0.12 In Other Services 12.11 8.59 16.58 8.59 16.58 Non-workers 44.21 37.75 51.24 37.72 51.24 77.78 50.00

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Literacy is extremely low in the community. While only Educational levels Persons Males Females 2.3 per cent of males are literate, the number of female A. 10 Urbaa Ar__ literates is as low as 0.2 per cent. (i) Illiterate 11 5 6 (ii) Literate, without LITERACY AMONG SAHARIYAS educational level 4 4 (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non- " technical diplomas . (vi) University and technical degrees

B. 10 Rural Area_ (i) Illiterate 22,986 11,861 11,125 lout of 44 lout of 46S (ii) Literate, without educational level 286 265 21 Persons who have attained an educational level upto (iii) Primary or Junior Primary or Junior Basic caD be counted on finger tips. Basic II II 3 Only a single male has attained an educational level of (iv) Matriculation and Matriculation or above. above

122 DISPERSAL OF SAHARIYAS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE:- £ACH DOT REPRESENT& 50 PERSONS

The Sahariyas are located in the districts of Kota, more than 90 but less than a thousand Sahariyas reside. Ihalawar, Udaipur, Dungarpur, Jaipur, Sawai Madhopur, are , Atru, Ladpura and Chhipabarod tehsils of Bharatpur and Churu with their main concentration in district Kota and Khanpur tehsil of district Jhalawar. district Kota where 99.2 per cent of them reside. The Their distribution in these tehsils is contained in the following table gives their dispersal in various districts following table: where 25 or more Sahariyas reside : District Tehsil Population Kota Kishanganj 10,866 Population Shahbad 9,042 District Absolute Percentage Baran 1,084 Kota 23, 1:5 99.2 Chhabra 918 Ihalawar SO 0.4 Atru 613 Udaipur 41 0.2 Ladpura 270 Dungarpur 25 0.1 Chhipabarod 201 Others 18 0.1 Jhalawar Khanpur 90 Total 23,299 100.0 The Sahariyas have no language of their own. Within these districts, the Sahariyas are concentrated Around 6J per cent of them speak Khariboli, 23 per cent mainly in the rural areas of the Kishanganj, Shahbad, Brajbhasha and 15 per cent speak Harauti while others and Baran tehsils of district Kota. Other tehsils, where have taken to local dialects.

123 DAMOR

("'0 called Damarla )

BELIEVED TO have migrated from Gujarat, with which they still continue to have social contacts, the Damors are a small community They are divided into two sub-divisions one claiming a POPULATION BY RELIGION higher de~cent and on that account a higher social status than the other. Persons With the exception of a lor.e Sikh as reported in the Census 1961, the Religions Rural Urban community professes the Hindu religion. This small community consis- Total 14,534 ting of 14,534 persons constitute only 0.62 per cent of the total Scheduled 1. Hindus 14,533 Tribe population of Rajasthan. Their distribution by broad age-groups 2. Sikhs 1 and by marital statu., according to the Census 1961 is given below:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS

Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 7,653 6,8'31 3,902 3,032 3,45~ 3,460 264 385 34 4 0-14 3,196 3,063 3,093 2,847 193 212 4 2 15-44 3,486 2,917 789 184 2,576 2,672 101 58 20 3 45+ 971 900 20 7/4 576 163 223 14 1 Age not stated I

The community of Damors resides exclusively in the rural areas where they cultivate land. Their women-folk a)so partici­ pate in cultivation but do not work as agricultural labourers. The following table presenls the distnbution of their population by industrial categories and by sex.

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Total Categories Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females TOlal workers 61.80 66.04 57.66 66.04 57.08 As Cultivator 58.99 62.77 54.77 62.77 54.77 As Agricultural Labourer 1.03 1.61 0.39 1.61 0.39 In Mining, Quarrying, Live,tock, etc. LOI 0.68 1.38 0.68 1.38 In Household Industry 0.33 0.37 0.29 0.37 0.29 In Manufacturing 0.13 0.15 0.10 0.16 0.10 In Construction 0.01 0.02 0.02 In Trade & Commerce 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.12 In Transport, Storage & Communicalion 0.01 0.01 0.01 In Other Services 0.19 0.35 0.Ql 0.35 0.01 Non-workers 38.20 33.96 42.92 33.96 42.92

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS literacy is low in the community. While 6.5 per cent Educational levels Perscns Males Females of the males are literate, the female literacy is as low A. In Urban Areas as 0.4 per cent. (i) Illiterate LITERACY A!'vIONG DAMORS (ii) Literate, without educational level (iii) Primary or Junior Basic (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary (v) Technical and non­ technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Areas (i) Illiterate 14,011 7,156 6,855 (ii) Literate, without lout of 15 lout of 265 educational level 477 457 20 (iii) Primary or Junior Out of the total of 523 lilerates in the community, 40 had Basic 40 34 6 attained the level of Primary or Junior Basic and there (iv) Matriculation and were only 6 who were Matriculates and abov~. above 6 6

124 DISPERSAL OF DAMORS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE.-EACH DOT REPRESENTS 50 PERSONS

As already stated the Damors are believed to have District Tehsil Population migrated from Gujarat and most of their population is located on the Rajasthan-Gujarat border in the Dungar­ Dungarpur Dungarpur 10,466 pur district which constitutes 78.4 per cent of their total Sagwara 929 population in the State. The following table presents Udaipur Kherwara 680 their distribution in the various districts: Population Gangan3gar Nohar 565 District Absolute Perc;:ntage Anupgarb 200 Dungarpur 11,395 78.4 Churu Churu 423 Churu 1,206 8.3 Rajgarh 343 Ganganaga: 1,049 7.2 Taranagar 329 Udaipur 869 6.0 Others IS 0.1 On account of their location OQ the Gujarat Total 14,534 lOO.OV border and their traditional affinity with Gujarat. about Within these districts, Dungarpur tehsil of district 4,000 persons in the community still speak Gujarali. Dungarpur has the largest concentration of the commu­ Majority of the people. however, speak Wagdi which is nity. The following table shows the distribution of the the local dialect in the Dungarpur region. Damor living Damors at the tehsillevel: in other areas have taken to the local dialects.

125 BHTL-MJNA

THE SMALLEST group among the tribal population of Rajasthan is formed by what are called the Bhil-Minas. They are mostly found in Ajmer district where the Mina community is not a POPULATION BY RELIGION Scheduled Tribe. By all standards, they seem to be a section of the Bhil Persons community, which during the CJurse of hst thirty years have starte d Religions Rura I U r b an styling themselves as Bhil-Minas with a view to establish their proximity Total 1,675 388 to Minas and thereby attaining higher social status in the region which I. Hindus 1,675 388 has concentration of population of the Mina tribe. Members of this 2. Sikhs tribe found in Dungarpur and Banswara also appear to have been influenced by the same idea in observing the name of their community. All the Bh.il-Minas profess the Hindu religion. There are only 2,063 persons of this community in Rajasthan which constitute 0.09 per cent of the total Scheduled Tribe population of the State. Their distribution by broad age·groups and by marital status according to Census 1961 is contained in the table below:

AGE AND MARITAL STATUS Age-group Total Never married Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Unspecified Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Total 1,267 796 691 292 527 443 45 59 4 0-14 537 345 516 274 21 71 15-44 591 359 175 18 39' 325 18 IS 4 45+ 139 92 112 47 27 44 Age not stated

The Bhil-Minas are mostly found in the rurlll areas where they cultivate land and work as agricultural labourers. Their women-folk, however, participate in cultivation on th.eir own fields and do not generally work as agricultural labourers. The distribution of the community by industrial categories and by sex is given in the following table:

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES Categories Total Rural Urban Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females Total workers 64.47 71.43 53.39 75.19 60.13 53.42 28.40 As Cultivator 37.37 31.18 47.24 37.21 58.85 2.28 4.14 As Agricultural Labourer 17.98 28.73 0.88 34.64 064 0.46 1.78 In Mining, Quarrying. Livestock etc. 1.02 1.18 0.75 0.95 0.32 2.28 2.37 In Household Industry 1.60 2.29 0.50 0.95 0.32 8.67 U8 In Manufacturing 0.92 0.87 1.01 0.10 4.57 4.74 In Construction 0.49 0.63 0.25 0.29 2.28 1.18 In Trade & Commerce 0.24 0.24 0.25 1.37 1.18 In Transport, Storage & Communication 1.79 2.76 0.25 0.19 15.07 1.18 In Other Services 3.06 3.55 2.26 0.86 16.44 10.65 Non-workers 35.53 28.57 46.61 24.81 39.87 46.58 71.60

EDUCATIONAL LEVELS Amongst all the Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan, literacy Educational levels Persons Males Females is the highest among the Bhit-Minas, not only among A. In Urban Area. the males but among females too. It is 14.9 per cent among males and 5.8 per cent among females. (i) Illiterate 247 119 128 (ii) Literate, without LITERACY AMO!'G BHlL MINAS educational level 123 83 41) (iii) Primary or Junior Basic 3 2 (iv) Matriculation or Higher Secondary 14 14 (v) Technical and non- technical diplomas (vi) University and technical degrees

B. In Rural Area. J out vi I lout ot 17 (i) Illiterate 1,581 959 622 Although literacy is high in the community, there are (ii) Literate, without educational level 89 only 16 persons who were Matriculation and above. The 86 3 table alongside presents the various educational levels liii) Primary or Junior Basic 4 2 2 attained by this community by sex in the urban and (iv) Matriculation and rural areas of the State. above

]26 DISPERSAL OF BHIL MINAS (IN RURAL AREAS)

NOTE' - EACH DOl REP~ESENTS ~O PEIISONl1>

The small community of Bhil-Minas is found in in the rural areas of Kekri, Rupnagar, Sarwar and Ajmer, Dungarpur, llanswara and Jaipur districts but Beawar tehsils of Ajmer district and Dungarpur tchsil of their main concentration is in Ajmer district where 8U.8 . The following table gives their per cent of their total population resides. The table concentration in these tehsils : below gives their distribution in various districts: District Tehsil Population Population Ajmer Kekri 1,220 District Absolute Percentage Rupnagar 52 Ajmer 1."66 80.8 Sarwar 12 Dungarpur 381 18.5 Beawar 10 Banswara 13 0.6 Dungarpur Dungarpur '381 Jaipur 3 0.1 Total 2,063 100.0 Around 69 per cent of the Bhil.Minas speak Marwari and about 14 per cent speak Wagdi. The Within these districts, Bhil- Minas lire mostzy fcund rest, with only a few exceptions. speak Khllriboli.

127

APPENDICES

APPENDIX - I DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED CASTES IN THE URBAN AREAS

APPENDIX _ n DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED TRIBES IN THE URBAN AREAS APPENDlX-I DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED

(Figures in brackets indicate percentage strength ------\' Castes traditionally associated StatejDistrict Megh Chamar or Balai Khatik Bola Bairwa Meghwal

2 3 4 5 6 7

--~---~------~----~------~------~------

RAJASTHAN 118,302 24,726 23915 28,499 296 2,767 (8.13) (7.86) (7.81) (27.24) (1.81) (31.32) Ganganagar 6.918 2,648 224 466 (12.66) (6.54) (100.00) (61.56) 2 Bikaner 976 5,285 92 (20.20) (14.79) (97.87) 3 Churu 8,723 2.967 1,367 1,539 (18.91) ( 12.02) (54.48) (85.12) 4 Jhunjhunu 4,529 514 2.671 (7.06) (22.39) (66.84) j Alwar 2,993 290 808 (2.51) (2.93) (10.59) 6 Bharatpur 12.617 93 1,241 (7.21) (5.79) (21.22) 7 Sawai Madhopur 6,142 536 954 474 (4.14) (26.71) (15.47) (26.38) s Jaipur 11.985 III 8,046 3,920 1,308 (9.25) (31.18) (11.83) (25.54) (56.23) 9 Sikar 4,426 18 2.397 3,102 (13.72) (0.64) (4.77) (50.41) 10 Ajmer 19,993 1,523 3,504 4,001 (21.8;) (63.30) (29.29) (44.27) 11 Tonk 4,115 509 2,142 200 (6.46) (7.76) (28.37) (7.15) 12 Jaisalmcr 122 448 45 (3.31) (3.21) (75.00) 13 Jodhpur 5,691 4,344 1,158 396 1 (14.56) (10.96) (100.00) (57.47) (100.00) 14 Nagaur 3,101 710 995 1,042 2 (6.09) (4.54) (5.51) (35.24) (5.26) 15 Pali 3,021 1,279 4 648 (5.11) (5.99) (100.00) (22.78 ) 16 Barmer 2,955 1,729 3 51 (22.37) (3.07) (100.00) (82.26) 17 Jalol 1.911 476 IS (4.09) (10.13) (12.59) 18 Sirohi 2,292 1,660 62 64 {16.24) (8.12) (57.4\) (69.S7) 19 Bhilwara 2,480 744 1,215 51 % (4.40) ·(2.03) (11.91) (0.84) (0.55) 20 Udaipur 2,10S 765 956 1,528 17 24 (7,S5) (3.60) (3.04) (14.93) (1.54) (27.91 ) 21 Chitorgarh 2,063 79 826 762 204 (4.90) (1.20) (4.58) ( 13.37) (46.58) 22 Dungarpur 405 77 132 10 11. (4.28) (1.94) (38.15) (83.33) (100.00) 23 Banswara 489 4 18 (7.40) (0.13) (90.00) 24 Bundi 2.417 169 622 764 543 (8.01) (10.92) (5.11) (31.99) (56.68) 2S Kota 4,663 470 872 855 65 (5.97) (8.82) (5.24) (21.14) (2.19) 26 Jhalawar 1.167 45 20 117 151 (2.40) (6.51) (0.21) (21.43) (I L65)

_------130 CASTES IN THE URBAN AREAS-contd. to total individual Scheduled Caste population)

with leather Castes traditionally associated with sc~vengjng Dhed or Jingar Dabgar Pasi Bhangi Mehtar Valrniki Chura Dhedha

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 IS

-__- ~--- ~ ------_--_ ------~------~--

1,484 800 88 113 56.043 794 91 (28.10) (48.81) (6.90) (60.75) (36.60) (12.29) (O.84) 175 57 6 74 2,534 622 91 (25.87) (62.64) (3.68) (86.05) (100.00) (10.19) (0.8~) 38 JO 4,541 (94.44) (100.00) (88.99) 92 315 3,886 67 (80.44) (96.04) (75.96) (88.16j 103 1,331 (100.0ll) (35.71) 2,297 - (IH9) 3,060 (21.69) 1,888 ( 19.47) 268 8,311 105 (100.00) (44.76) (82.03) 563 (27.58) 52 11 6,763 (76.47) (100.00) (59.87) 1,894 (33.71 ) 196 (88.29) 196 4,682 (89.91) (62.69) 65 1,586 (4.51) (20.34) 105 80S (33.33) (12.81) 49 338 (14.003) (29.04) 24 485 ( 100.00) (32.84) 138 1.238 (S4.66) (58.42) 238 524 (41.11) ( 11.48) 130 27 :8 2,075 (97.01) (12.16) ~88.37) (44.98) 94 12 8 846 (65.28) (12.50) (72.73) (32.07) 335 (18.63) II 286 (lUI) (95.97) 1,192 (44.23) 52 18 3! 2,897 (13.16) (90.00) (68.89) (32.66) 44 4 490 (tOO.OO) (16.00) (15.60)

--.~~~~-

131 APPENDIX-I DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED

(Figures in brackets indicate percentage strength

Castes traditionally associated with State/District Koli, Kon Mehar Gancha or or Sargara or Gavaria Salvi Garancha Koria Mahar Mehtar

16 17 18 19 20 21

~-~.------

RAJASTHAN 47,877 5,235 1,721 741 1,556 850 (32.24) (11.46) (8.97) (14.48) (46.88) (44.88) Ganganagar 57 2 24 (80.28) (18.18) (10.91) 2 Bikaner 220 23 (100.00) (23.47) 3 Churu 8 (1.88) 4 Jhunjhunu 14 27 (100.00) (7.89) 5 Alwar 2,899 (20.75) 6 Bharatpur 9,982 (37.65) 7 Sawai Madhopur 5,027 2 (20.38) (22.22) 8 Jaipur 7,521 9 8 1 55 15 (27.48) (100_00) (1.42) (0.99) (lCO.OO) (100.00) 9 Sikar 3 205 (4.00) (45.56) 10 Ajme: 13,455 240 228 (94.75) (36.0-1) (100.00) 11 Tonk 2,470 (59.52) 12 Jaisalmer 20 (2!.51) 13 Jodhpur 61 1,514 9 156 34 (100.00) (30.54) (100.00) (34.51) (100.00) 14 Nagaur I 72 42 (100.00) (9.49) (13.91) 15 Pali 87 1,422 13 (29.29) (7.48) (3.61 ) 16 Barmer 1 75 (0.03) (7.65) 17 Jalor 8 150 54 (0.18) (2.31 ) (l00.0C) 18 Sirohi 543 1,351 (4.19) (14.54) 19 Bhilwara 479 20 14 31 (40.77) (3.43) (35.90) (100.00) 20 Udaipur 225 31 80 1,356 407 (94.14) (3.03) (41.88) (46.34) (52.11) 21 Chitorgarh 5 24 91 125 (5.62) (3.g5) (33.33) (78.62) 22 Dungarpur

23 Banswara 315 10 (59.04) (J .93) 24 Bundi 1,473 558 126 (52.97) (31.09) (94.03) 25 Kota 3,179 34 789 (27.34) (80.95) (8.95) 26 Jhalawar 167 331 2 (22.88) (4.78) (6.67)

132

APPENDIX-I DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED

(Figures in brackets indicate percentage strength

Castes traditionally associated with music & entertainment Castes traditionally State/District Kamad Bazigar or BawHia or Badi Bansphor or Bagri Kamadia Bazigar Baori

30 31 32 33 34 35

RAJASTHAN 144 19 220 229 3,883 2,076 (5.71) (I.4S) (34.27) (30.49) (4.56) (H.lS) Ganganagar 45 25 775 5 (13.60) (47.27) (2.01) (41.67) 2 Bikaner

3 Churu 24 177 (5.27) (10.85) 4 Jhunjhunu 2 52 (3.57) (8.51 ) .; Alwar

6 Bharatpur

i Sawai Madhopur

8 Jaipur 15 179 196 937 (41.67) (91.79) (8.~0) (100.00) 9 Silear 10 20 (2.69) (1.36) 10 Ajmer 380 (15.19) 11 Tonk 8 (100.00) 12 laisalmer

13 Jodhpur 310 (6.21) 14 Nagaur 15 .178 38 (6.8S) (1.43) (42.22) IS Pali 4 1,581 455 (2.11) (11.31) (39.36) i6 Barm;:r 3 84 (100.00) (84.85) 17 lalor 17 (1.06) 18 Sirohi 62 84 (79.49) (5.42) 19 Bhilwara 7 1 (100.00) (1.67) 20 Udaipur 54 18 (42.52) (2.33) 21 Chitorgarh 45 21 IS (20.55) (1.28) (3.00) 22 Dungarpur 93 (80.17) 23 Banswara 1 (25.00) 24 Bundi 5 (21.74) 25 Kota 30 453 16 (15.23) (75.25) (2.91) 26 Jhalawar 105 3 22 (25.61) (2.94) (0.42)

~-.-----

134 CASTES IN THE URBAN AREAS-contd.

to total individual Scheduled Caste population) associated with criminal activities Miscellaneous Castes Sansi ana Kanjar Bedia Thori Dhanak Garoda, Garo, Kapadia or or or Majhabi or Garura or Sansi Kunjar Beria Nayak Dhankias Gurda

36 37 38 39 40 41 42

2,184 654 25 22,104 397 9,737 827 (15.44) (6.09) (0.54) (13.90) (0.93) (23.05) (7.0S) 165 9 S 5.288 364 5,629 30 (5.34) (12.68) (22.86) (8.50) (0.92) (42.05) (20.13) 21 2,419 21 26 (20.0C) (22.10) (3.90) (7.05) 231 36 1,270 423 184 (10.98) (10.00) (6.19) 8.11 (49.07) 6,090 263 85 (52.80) (7.72) (72.65) 15 69 443 (1.96) (17.21) (8.09) 4 73 (2.94) (34.93) 21 44 (6.82) (9.38) 51 14 11 1,7S0 966 16 (6.S2) (2.91) (2.59) (43.77) (10.08) (22.S6) 60 35 1,759 101 (7.07) (21.47) (25.19) (47.20) 363 230 636 1,181 (44.27) (34.53) (20.48) (94.48) 232 457 31 (25.44) (16.22) (7.91) 29 15 (29.29) (2.65) 659 10 286 II (3S.47) (100.00) (7.91) (11.96) 471 1,201 13 (44.27) (11.65) (15.12) 145 129 (66.21) (2.63) 23 5 214 (4.25) (100.00) (S.22) 26 (0.92) 33 62 37 (6.90) (100.00) (6.43) 3 7 96 (0.60) (0.32) (2.06) 52 33 7 4 (6.16) (100.00) (63.64) (3.15) 1 94 6 53 (0.06) (2.31) (7.14) (81.54)

36 (25.17) 12 351 (1.19) (46.99) 13 7 1 17 8 (7.93) (1.15) (0.04) (0.40) (14.81) 4 (0.66)

------._------

135 APPENOIX-I DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED

(Figures in brackets indicate percentage strength

Miscellaneous Castes-Concld.

State/District Dhobi Aheri Santia Cilandal Sarbhangi

43 44 45 46 47 48

RAJASTHAN 3.435 193 74 6 104 (59.10) (9.91) (4.65) (1.35) (68.87) Ganganagar 29 (31.87) 2 Bikaner

3 Churu 21 (15.56) 4 Jhunjhunu 46 (100.00) 5 Alwar

6 Bharatpur

7 Sawai Madhopur 3 (17.65) 8 Jaipur 5 (71.43) 9 Sikar

10 Ajmer 3,435 (59.10) 11 Tonk

12 Jaisalmer

13 Jodhpur

14 Nagaur 44 ( 100.00) 15 Pali

16 Barmer 6 (100.00) 17 Jalor

18 Sirohi

19 Bhilwara

20 Udaipur 2 45 (0.98) (100.00) 21 Chitorgarh J09 . (97.32) 22 Dungarpur

23 Banswara

24 Bundi

25 Kola 4 8 55 (9.35) (LOO.OO) (l00.00) 26 Jhalawar

136 CASTES IN THE URBAN AREAS-concld to lotal individual Scheduled Caste population)

Unidentified Castes

Birgi Bajgars Adi Dharmi Bidakia Gandia Godhi Khangar Mang Garodi

50 SI 49 52 53 54 55 56

1.522 18 345 5 14 103 (0.53) (21.93) (0.67) 1 (42.79) (3.35) (39.31) (100.00) 47 102 (73.44) (8.3)

13 (9.85)

971 18 234 14 (36.34) (100.00) (100.00) (70.00)

2 (0.43) 465 (100.00)

2 (22.22) 6 1 (100.00) (53.85) 1 (3.03) 25 (100.00)

5 71 (100.00) (JOO.OO) 16 8 6 (21.05) (100.00) (16.22) 1 (100.00)

-~~------137 APPENDIX II

DISTRmUTlON OF SCHEDULED TRIBES IN THE URBAN AREAS

(Figures in brackets indicate percentage strength to total individual Scheduled Tribe population)

Sahria or Damoror Bhil State/District Mina Bhil Garasia Sahariya Damaria Mina

2 3 4 5 6 7

RAJASTHAN 21,4]4 16,356 17 15 (1.85) (1.80) (0.03) (0.06) Ganganagar 228 25 (49.67) (83.33) 2 Bikaner 973 I (97.69) (10.00) 3 Churu 752 (42.87) 4 Jhunjhunu 532 (5.77) 5 Alwar 2,027 (2.36) 6 Bharatpur 434 (1.38) 7 Sawai Madhopur 2,538 108 (i.24) (17.68) 8 Jaipur 5,462 44 2 9 (2.57) (7.82) (100.00) (100.00) 9 Sikar 942 (4.76) 10 Ajmer 837 (5.51) 11 Tonk 1,043 (2.15) 12 Jaisalmcr 10 246 (100.00) (5.40) 13 lodhpur 12 2,706 (6.70) (18.34) 14 Nagaur 207 (56.25) 15 Pali 410 435 (1.91) (5.82) 16 Barmer 2S 413 (20.66) (1.34) 17 lalor 458 1.738 (5.03) (6.01) 18 Sirohi 1,533 2,726 (16.15) (8.97) 19 Bhilwara 51 642 (0.16) (1.34) 1 10 20 Udaipur 1.6( 8 1,748 (0.93) (0.76) (0.05) 21 Chitorgarh 577 414 (0.69) (0.91) 22 Dungarpur 103 1,322 5 (0.22) (0.73) (9.09) 23 Banswara 37 562 (0.28) (0.28) 24 Bundi 241 289 (0.49) (2.90) 25 KOla 1196 1,621 6 (1.51) (7.49) (0.03) 26 Jhalawar 222 272 (I. I) (0.93)

138 LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PUBLICATIONS AS ON 17-2-1964

AGARTALA- BANGALORE- Laxmi Bhandar Books & Scientific Sales (R) The Bangalore Legal Practitioner Co-operative Society AGRA- Ltd., Bar Association Building S. S. Book Emporium; 118, Mount Joy Road National Book House, Jeoni Mandi The Bangalore Press, Lake View, Mysore Road, P. O. Wadhawa & Co., 45 Civil Lines Box 507 Banwari Lal Jain. Publishers, Moti Katra (R) The Standard Book Depot, Avenue Road English Book Depot, Sadar Bazar, Agra Cantt. (R) Vichara Sdhitya Private Ltd., Balepet AHMADNAGAR- Makkala Pustaka Press, Balamandira, Gandhinagar V. T. Jorakar, Prop., Rama General Stores, Navi Maruthi Book Depot, Avenue Road (R) Path (R) International Book House Private Ltd., 4-F, Mahatma Gandhi Road AHMEDABAD- Navakarnataka Pubns. Private Ltd., Majestic Circle (R) Balgovind Kuber Dass & Co., Gandhi Road Chandra Kant Chiman Lal Vora, Gandhi Road BAREILLY- New Order Book Co., Ellis Bridge Agarwal Brothers, Dara Bazar Mahajan Bros., OPP., Khadia Police Gate (R) Sastu Kitab Ghar, Near Relief Talkies. Patthar Kuva, BARODA- Relief Road Shri Chandrakant Mohan Lal Shah, Raopura (R) AJMER- Good Companions Booksellers, Publishers & Sub­ Book-Land, £63, Madar Gate Agent (R) Rajputana Book Hous e, Station Road New Medical Book House, 540, Madan Zampa Law Book House, 271,Hathi Bhata Road (R) Vijay Bros., Kutchery Road (R) Krishna Bros., Kutchery Road (R) BEAWAR- ALIGARH The Secretary, S. D. Col~ege, Co-operative Stores Friend's Book House, Muslim University Market Ltd. (R) ALLAHABAD- BELGHARIA- Superintendent, Printing & Stationery, U. P. Granthlok, Antiquarian Booksellers & Publishers Kitabistan, Ii-A, Kamla Nehru Road (24-Parganas). 5/1 Amlica Mukheriee Road Law Book Co., Sardar Patel Marg, P. Box 4 Ram Narain Lal Deni Madho, 2-A, Katra Road BHAGALPUR- Universal Book Co., 20, M. G. Road The University Book Agency (of Lahore), Elgin Road Paper Stationery Stores, D. N. Singh Road Wadhwa & Co., 23, M. G. Marg (R) Bharat Law House, IS, Mahatma Gandhi Marg (R) BHOPAL- Ram Narain Lal Beni Prashad, 2-A, Katra Road (R) Superintendent, State Government Press AMBALA- Lyall Book Depot. Mohd. Din Bldg., Sultania Road English Book Depot, Ambala Cantt. Detite Books, Opp., Bhopal Talkies (R) Seth Law House, 8719, Railway Road, Ambala Cantt. (R) BHUBANESWAR- AMRITSAR- Ekamra Vidyabhaban, Eastern Tower, Room No.3 (R) The Law Book Agency, G. T. Road, Putligarh BIJAPUR- S. Gupta, Agent. Govt. Publications, Near P. O. Majith Mandi . Shri D. V. Deshpande, Recognised Law Booksellers, Amar Nath & Sons, Near P. O. Majith Mandi Prop. Vinod Book Depot, Near Shiralshetti Chowk (R) ANAND- Vljaya Stores, Station Road (R) BIKANER­ Charotar Book Stall, Tulsi Sadan, Stn. Road (R) Bhandani Bros. (R) ASANSOL- D. N. Roy & R. K. Roy Booksellers, Atwal BILASPUR- Building (R) Sharma Book Stall, Sadar Bazar (R) List of Agents-contd. BOMBAY- CALCUTTA-contd. Superintendent, Printing & Stationery, Queens Road Scientific Book Agency. Netaji Subhash Road (R) Charles Lambert & Co., 101, Mahatma Gandhi Road Reliance Trading Co., 17/1, Banku Bihari Ghose Lane, Co-operator's Book Depot, 5/32, Ahmed Sailor District Howrah (R) Bldg., Dadar Indian Book Dist. Co .. 6512, Mahatma Gandhi Current Book House Maruti Lane, Raghunath Road (R) Dadaji St. CALICUT- Current Technical Literature Co., Private Ltd .• India Touring Book Stall (R) House, 1st Floor - International Book House Ltd., 9, Ash Lane, Superintendent, Government Printing & M. G.Road Stationery, Punjab Lakkani Book Depot, Girgaum Jain Law Agency, Flat No.8, Sector No. 22 Elpees Agencies, 24, Dhangwadi, Kalbadevi Rama News Agency, Booksellers, Secter No. 22 P. P. H. Book Stall, 190-B. Khetwadi Main Road Universal Book Store, Booth 25, Sector 22·D New Book Co., 188-190. Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji Road English Book Shop, 34. Sector 22·0 (R) Popular Book Depot. Lamington Road Mehta Bros., 15·Z. Sector 22·B (R) Sunder Das Gian Coand, 601, Girgaum Road, Near Tandan Book Depot, Shopping Centre, Sector 16 (R) Princess Street Kailash Law Publishers, Sector 22·B (R) D· B. Taraporewala Sons & Co., (P) Ltd., 210, CHHINDWARA- Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji Road The Verma Book Depot (R) Thacker & Co., Rampart Row N. M. Tripathi Private Ltd., Princess Street COCHIN- The Kothari Book Depot, King Edward Road Saraswat Corporation Ltd .• Palliarakav Road P. H. Rama Krishna & Sons, 147, Rajaram Bhuvan, CUTTACK- Shivaji Park Road No.5 (R) Press Officer, Orissa Sectt. C. Jamnadas & Co., Booksellers, 146·C, Princess St. Cuttack Law Times Indo Nath & Co.. A-6, Daulat Nagar, Borivli Prabhat K. Mahapatra, Mangalabag, P. B. 35 Minerva Book Shop, Shop No. lIllO, N. Subhas Road D. P. Sur & Sons, Mangalabag (R) Academic Book Co., Association Building, Girgaum Utkal Stores, Balu Bazar (R) Road (R) DEHRADUN- Dominion Publishers, 23, Bell Building, Sir P. M. Jugal Kishore & Co., Rajpur Road Road (R) National News Agency. Paltan Bazar Bombay National History Society, 91 Walkeshwar Bishan Singh and Mahendra Pal Singh, 318, Road (R) Chukhuwala Dowamadeo & Co., 16, Naziria Building, Ballard Utam Pustak Bhandar, Paltan Bazar (R) Estate (R) Asian Trading Co., 310, the Miraball, P. B. 1505 (R) DELHI- J. M. Jaina & Brothers Mori Gate CALCUTTA- Atma Ram & Sons. Kashmere Gate Chatterjee & Co., 3/1, Bacharam Chatterjee Lane Federal Law Book Depot. Kashmere Gate Dass Gupta & Co., Ltd., 54/3, College Street Bahri Bros., 188, Lajpat Rai Market Hindu Library, 69 A, Bolaram De Street Bawa Harkishan Dass Bedi (Vijaya General Agencies) S. K. Lahiri & Co., Private Ltd., College Street P. B. 2027, Ahata, Kedara, Chamalian Road M. C. Sarkar & Sons Private Ltd., 14, Bankim Book-Well, 4, Sant Narankari Colony, P. B. 1565 Chatterjee Street Imperial Publishing Co., 3, Faiz Bazar, Daryaganj W. Newman & Co., Ltd., 3, Old Court House Street Metropolitan Book Co., I, Faiz Bazar Oxfor.J Book and Stationery Co., 17, Park Street Publication Centre, Subzimandi R. Chambray & Co., Ltd., Kent House, P. 33, Mission Youngman & Co .. Nai Sarak Road Extension Indian Army Book Depot, 3, Daryaganj S. C. Sarkar & Sons Private Ltd., I. C. College Square All India Educational Supply Co., Shri Ram Buildings. Thacker Spink & Co., (1933) Private Ltd., 3, Jawahar Nagar (R) Esplanade East Dhanwant Medical & Law Book House, 1522 Lajpat Firma K. L. Mukhopadhaya, 6/1A, Banchha Ram Rai Market (R) Akrar Lane University Book House, IS, U. B. Bangalore Road, K. K. Roy, P. Box No. 10210, Calcutta-19 (R) Jawahar Nagar (R) Sm. P. D. Upadhyay, 77, Muktaram Babu Street (R) Law LIterature House, 2646, Balimaran (R) Universal Book Dist., 8/2, Hastings Street (R) Summer Brothers, P. O. Birla Lines (R) Modem Book Depot. Chowringhee Centre (R) Universal Book & Stationery Co., 16, Netaji Soor & Co., 125, Canning Street Subhash Marg S. Bhattacharjee, 49, Dharamtala Street (R) B. Nath & Bros., 3808, Charkhawa1an (Chowri Mukherjee Library, 10, Sarba Khan Road Bazar) (R) Current Literature Co., l~b, Mahatma Gandhi Road Rajkamal Prakashan Private Ltd., 8, Faiz Bazar The Book Depository, 4/1, Madan Street (1st Premier Book Co., Printers, Publishers & Booksellers, Floor) (R) Nai Sarak (R) II List of Agents-contd.

DELHI-contd. INDORE- Universal Book Traders, 80, Gokhle Market Wadhwa & Co., 56, M. G. Road Tech. & Commercial Book Coy., 75, Gokhle Swarup Brother's, Khajuri Bazar (R) Book Centre, 41, Ahilya Pura (R) Market (R) Saini Law Publishing Co., 1416, Chabiganj, Kashmere Modern Book House, Shiv Vilas Palace (R) Gate (R) Navyug Sahitya Sadan, Publishers & Booksellers, 10, G. M. Ahuja, Booksellers & Stationers, 309, Nehru Khajurji Bazar (R) Bazar (R) JABALPUR- Sat Naraia & Sons, 3141 Mohd. Bazar, Mori Gate Modern Book House, 286, Jawaharganj Kitab Mahal (Wholesale Div.) Private Ltd., 28, National Book House, 135, Jai Prakash Narain Faiz Bazar Marg (R) Htndu Sahitya Sansar, Nai Sarak (R) JAIPUR- Munshi Ram Manohar Lal, Oriental Booksellers, & Government Printing and Stationery Department, Publishers, P. B. 1165, Nai Salak (R) Rajasthan K. L. Seth, Suppliers of Law, Commercial, Tech. Books. Bharat Law House, Booksellers & Publishers, Opp., Shanti Nagar, Ganeshpura (R) Prem Prakash Cinema Adarsh Publishing Service, 5A/1O Ansari Road (R) Garg Book Co., Tripolia Bazar Vani Mandlr, Sawai Mansingh Highway DHANBAD- Kalyan Mal & Sons, Tripolia Bazar (R) Ismag Co-operative Stores Ltd., P. O. Indian School Popular Book Depot, Chaura Rasta or Mines Krishna Book Depot, Chaura Rasta (R) New Sketch Press, Post Box 26 (R) Dominion Law Depot, Sh ~h I'uilding, P. B. No. 23 (R) DHARWAR- The Agricultural College Consumers Co-op. Society (R) JAMNAGAR- Swedeshi Vastu Bhandar Rameshraya Book Depot, Subhas Road (R) K!lrnatakaya Sahitya Mandira of Publishers and JAMSHEDPUR- Booksellers Amnr Kitab Ghar, Diagonal Road, P. B. 78 Gupta Stores, Dhatkidih ERNAKULAM- Sanyal Bros., Booksellers & News Agents, Bistapur & Co., Cloth Bazar Road (R) Market (R) South India Traders C/o Constitutional Journal JAWALAPUR- FEROZEPUR- Sahyog Book Depot (R) Enghsh Book Depot, 78, Jhoke Road JHUNJHUNU- GAUHATI- Shashi Kumar Sa rat Chand (R) Mokshada pustakalaya Kapram Prakashan Prasaran, 1/90 Namdha Niwas, GAYA- Azad Marg (R) Sahitya Sadan, Gautam Budha Marg JODHPUR- GHAZIABAD- Dwarka Das Rathi, Wholesale BOOKS and Jayana Book Agency (R) News Agents GORAKHPUR- Kitab·Ghar, Sojati Gate Vishwa Vidyalaya Prakashan, Nakhes Road Choppra Brothers, Tripolia Bazar JULLUNDUR- GUDUR- The General Manager, The N.D C. Publishing & Ptg. Hazooria Bros., Mai Hiran Gate (R) Society Ltd. (R) Jain General House, Bazar Bansanwala University Publishers, Railway Road (R) GUNTUR- KANPUR- Book Lovers Private Ltd., Kadriguda, Chowrasta Advani & Co., P. Box 100. The Mall GWALlOR- Sahitya Niketan, Shradhanand Park Superintendent, Printing & Stationery. M. B. The Universal Book Stall, The Mall Loyal Book Depot, Patankar Bazar, Lashkar Raj Corporation. Raj House, P. B. 200, Chowk (R) M. C. Daftari, Prop. M. B. Jain & Bros. KARUR- Booksellers, Sarafa, Lashkar (R) Shri V. Nagaraja Rao, 26, Srinivasapuram (R) HUBLI- KODARMA- Pervaje's Book House, Koppikar Road The Bhagwati Press. P. O. Jhumri Tilaiya. Dt. HYDERABAD- Hazaribagh Director, Government Press KOLHAPUR- The Swaraj Book Depot, Lakdikapul Granth Bhandar, Mahadwar Road (R) Book Lovers Private Ltd. (R) KOTA- Labour Law Publications, ::>73, Sultan Bazar (R) Kola Book Depot (R) I MPHAL- KUMTA- Tikendra & Sons, Booksellers (R) S. V. Kamat Booksellers & Stationers (N. Kanara) JII List of Agents-eontd. - MYSORE-contd. Soochna Sahitya Depot (State Book Depot) Geeta Book House, Booksellers and Publishers Balkrishna Book Co., Ltd., Hazratganj Krishnamurthipuram (R) British Book Depot, 84, Hazratgaoj News Papcr House, Lansdowne Building (R) Ram Advani, Hazratganj, P. B. 154 Indian Mercantile Corporation, Toy Palace Universal Publishers (P) Ltd., Hazratganj Ramvilas (R) Eastern Book Co., Lalbagh Road NADIAD- Civil & Military Educational Stores, 106/B Sadar R. S. Desay, Station Road (R) Bazar (R) Acquarium Supply Co., 213, Faizabad Road (R) - Law Book Mart, Amin-Ud-Daula Park (R) Superintendent, Government Preas and Book Depot Western Book Depot, Residency Road LUDHIANA- The Asstt. Secretary, Mineral Industry Association, Lyall Book Depot, Chaura Bazar Mineral House \R) Mohindra Brothers, Katcheri Road (R) Nanda Stationery Bhandar, Pustak Bazar (R) NAINITAL- The Pharmacy News, Pindi Street (R) Coural Book Depot, Bara Bazar (R) MADRAS- NAND ED- Superintendent, Government Press, Mount Road Book Centre, College Law General Books. Station Account Test Institute. P. O. 760, Emgore Road (R) C. Subbiah Chetty and Co.• Triplicane Hindustan General Stores, Paper and Stationery K. Krishnamurty, Post Box 384 Merchants, P. B. No. 51 (R). Presidency Book Supplies, 8, Pycrofts Road. Triplicane Sanjoy Book AgencY, Vazirabad (R) P. Vardhachary & Co., 8, Linghi Chetty Street Palani Parchuram. 3, Pycrofts Road. Triplicane NEW DELHI- NCBH Private Ltd .• 199, Mount Road (R) Amrlt Book Co., Connaught Circus V. Sadanand, The personal Bookshop, 10, Congress Bhawani and Sons. S-F, Connaught Place Buildings, Ill, Mount Road (R) Central News Agency, 23/90, Connaught Circus MADURAI- E'llpire Book Depot, 278 Aliganj English Book Stores, 7-L, Connaught Circus Oriental Book House, 258, West Masi Street Vivekananda Press 48. West Masi Street P.O.B.328 Chand and Sons, 1M. Khan Market MANDYASUGARTOWN- Jain Book Agency C-9. Prem House, Connaught Place K. N. Narimhe Gowda & Sons (R) Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House MANGALORE- Ram Krishna and Sons (of Lahore) 16/B, Connaught U. R. Shenoye Sons, Car Street, P. Box 128 Place MANJESHWAR- Sikh Publishing House, 7-C, Connaught Place Mukenda Krishna Nayak (R) Suneja Book Centre, 24/90, Connaught Circus MATHURA- United Book Agency, 31, Municipal Market, Rath & Co., Tilohi Building, Bengali Ghat (R) Connaught Circus Jayana Book Depot, Chhaparwala Kuan, Karol Bagb MEERUT- Prakash Educational Stores, Subhas Bazar Navayug Traders, Desh Bandhu Gupta Road, Hind Chitra Press, West Kutchery Road DevNagar Loyal Book Depot, Chhipi Tank Saraswati Book Depot, 15, Lady Harding Road Bharat Educational Stores, Chhippi Tank (R) The Secretary, Indian Met. Society, Lodi Road Universal Book Depot, Booksellers and News New Book Depot, Latest Books, Periodicals, Sty. and Agents (R) Novellers, P. B. 96, Connaught Place Mehra Brothers, 53-G, Kalkaji MONGHYR- Laxmi Book Stores, 42, Janpath (R) Anusandhan, Minerva Press Buildings (R) Hindi Book House, 82, Janpath (R) MUSSOORIE- People Publishing House (P) Ltd.• Rani Jhansi Road Cambridge Book Depot, The Mall (R) R. K. publishers, 23, Beadon Pura, Karol Bagh (R) Hind Traders (R) Sharma Bros., 17, New Market, Moti Nagar MUZAFFARNAGAR- Aapki Dukan, 5/5777, Dev Nagar (R) Mittal and Co., 85·C, New Mandi (R) Sarvodaya Service. 66A-I, Rohtak Road, P. B. 2521 (R) B. S. Jain and Co., 71, Abupura (R) H. Chandson, P. B. No. 3034 (R) MUZAFFAR PUR- The Secretary, Federation of Association of Small Scientific and Educational Supply Syndicate Industry of India, 23-B/2. Rohtak Road (R) Legal Corner, Tikmanio House, Arngola Road (R) Standard Booksellers and Stationers. Palam Tirhut Book Depot (R) Enclave (R) Lakshmi Book Depot, 57, Regarpura (R) MYSORE- H. Venkataramiah and Sons, New Statue Circle Sant Ram Booksellers, 16, New Municipal Market Peoples Book House, Opp., Jagan Mohan Palace Lody Colony lR) IV List of Agents-Contd. PANJIM- SONEPAT- Singhals Book House P.O.B. 70 Near the Church (R) Untied Book Agency Sagoon Gaydev Dhoud, Booksellers, 5-7 Rua, 3Idc SRINAGAR- Jameria (R) The Bookshop, Residency Road PATHANKOT- The Krishna Book Depot, Main Bazar (R) - Shri Gajanan Pustakalaya, Tower Road PATIALA- Superintendent, Bhupendra State Press TIRUCHIRPALLI- Jain & Co., 17, Shah Nashin Bazar Kalpana Publishers. Wosiur S. Krishnaswami and Co•• 35, Sub hash Chander PATNA- Bose Road Superintendent, Government Printing () Palamiappa Bros. (R) J. N. P. Agarwal & Co., Padri-Ki-Haveli Raghunath Bhawan TRIVANDRUM- Luxmi Trading Co., Padri-Ki-Haveli International Book Depot, Main Road Moti Lal Banarsi Dass, Bankipore Reddear Press and Book Depot, P. B. No.4 (R) Law House, Chowhatta (R) TUTICORIN- PITHORAGARH- Shri K. Thiagarajan. IO-C, French Chapal Road (R) Maniram Punetha & Sons (R) UDAIPUR- PONDICHERRY- Jagdish and Co., Inside Surajapole (R) M/s. Honesty Book House, 9 Rue Duplix (R) Book Centre Maharana, Bhopal Consumers Co-op. Society Ltd. (R) POONA- Deccan Book Stall. Deccan Gymkhana - Imperial Book Depot, 266, M. G. Road Manek Chand Book Depot. Sati Gate (R) International Book Service, Deccan Gymkhana VARANASI- Raka Book Agency, Opp., Natu's Chawl, Near Appa Balwant Chowk Students Friends and Co., J"anka (R) Utility Book Depot, 1339, Shivaji Nagar R) Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Gopal Mandir Road, P. B. 8 PUDUKOTTAI- Glob Book Centre (R) Shfl P. N. Swaminathan Sivam and Co .• East Main Kohinoor Stores, University Road, Lanka Road (R) B.H.U. Book Depot (R) RAJKOT- VELLORE- Mohan Lal Dossabhai Shah, Booksellers and Sub-Agents A. Venkatasubhan Law Booksellers RANCHI- VIJAYAWADA- Crown Book Depot, Upper Bazar The Book and Review Centre. Eluru Road, Pustak Mahal, Upper Bazar (R) Governpet (R) REWA- Superintendent. Government State Emporium V. P. VISAKHAPATNAM- ROURKELA- Gupta Brothers, Vizia Building The Rourkela Review (R) Book Centre, 11/97, Main Road The Secy. Andhra University, General Co-op. Stores SAHARANPUR- Ltd. (R) Ch~ndra Bharata Pustak Bhandar, Court Road (R) VIZIANAGRAM- SECUNDERABAD- Sarda and Co. (R) Hindustan Diary Publishers, Market Street WARDHA- SILCHAR- Shri Nishitto Sen, Nazirpatti (R) Swarajeya Bhandar, Bhorji Market SIMLA- Government of India Kitab MahaI. Janpath'j Opp., India Coff~e House, New Delhi For local Superintendent, Government Government of India Book Depot, sales Minerva Book Shop, The Mall 8 Hastings Street, Calcutta The New Book Depot, 79. The Mall Railway Book-StalJ Holders SINNAR- Shri N. N. Jakhad;, Agent, Times of India, Sinnar SIS. A. H. Wheeler & Co., 15, Elgin Road, Allahabad (Nasik) (R) Gahlot Bros., K. E. M. Road, Bikanel' Higginbothams & Co., Ltd., Mount Road, Madras SHILLONG- The Officer-in-Charge, Government M. Gulab Singh & Sons, Private Ltd., Mathura Road B. D. Chapla Boohtall P. B. No.1 (R) New Delhi • v List of Agents-concld. Foreign SIS. E;iucation Enterprise Private Ltd.. Kathumandu bergstra 21, Stuttgart No. 11245. Stuttgart den () (Germany West) SIS. Aktie Bologat, C. E. Fritzes Kungl. Hovobok­ Shn Iswar Subramanyam. 452, Reversite Driv Apt. 6, handel, Fredsgation-2 Box 1656 Stockholm-16 New York, 27 N W Y (Sweden) The ProprilJtor, Book Centre Lakshmi Mansions, 49, Relse-und Verkehrsverlag Stuttgart, Post 730, Guten - The Mall, Lahore () (00 S & R Bads) The Head Clerk. Govt. Book Depot, Ahmedabad The Registrar of Companies, Mahatma Gandhi Road. The Asstt. Director, Extension C:ntre, Kapileshwar West Cotto Bldg. P. B. 334, Kanpur Road, Belgaum The Regi,trar of Companies. Everest 100, Marine The Employment Officer, Employment Exchange. Drive, Bombay Dhar The Registrar of Companies, 162, Brigade Road, The Asstt. Director, Footwear Extension Centre, Polo Bangalore Ground No. I, Jodhpur The Registrar of Companies. Gwalior The Officer I/C., Extension Centre, =Club Road, Asstt. Director. Extension Centre Bhuli Road, Dhanbad Muzaffarpur Registrar of Companies, Orissa, Cuttllck Candhi, The Director, Indian Bureau of Mines, Govt. of India. Cuttack Ministry of Mines & Fuel, Nagpur The Registrar of Companies, Gujarat State, Gujarat The Asstt. Director Industrial Extension Centre, Samachar Building, Ahmedabad Nadiad (Gujarat) PublIcation Division, Sales Depot, North Block, New The Head Clerk, Photozincographic Press, 5, Finance Delhi Road. Poona Government Printing & Stationery, The Development Commissioner, Small Scale Industries Rajkot New Delhi The Officer I/C., Extension Centre, Industrial Estate, The Officer I/C., University Employment Bureau. Kokar, Ranchi Lucknow The Director, S. I. S. I. Industrial Extension Centre. Officer I/C., S. I. S. I. Extension Centre, Maida Udhna, Surat Officer I/C., S. I. S. I. Extension Centre, Habara, Tabaluria. 24 Parganas The Registrar of Companies, Narayani Building, 2 '. Officer I/C., S. I. S. I. Model Carpentry Workshop, Erabourne Road, Calcutta-l Piyali Nagar, P. O. Burnipur The Registrar of Companies., , SO, Feet Road Officer I/C., S. I. S. I. Chrontanning Extension Centre, Ernakulam Tangra 33, North Topsia Road, Calcutta-46 The Registrar of Companies., H. No. 3-5-83,Hyderguda. Officer I/C., S. I. S. I. Extension Centre, (Footwear), Hyderabad Calcutta Registrar of Companies, Assam, Manipur and . Asstt. Director, Extension Centre. Hyderabad Shillong Asstt. Director, Extension Centre, Krishna Dislt. (A.P.) Registrar of Companies, Sunlight Insurance Building, Emplo)ment 0 ffieer, Employment Exchage. Jhabun Ajmeri Gate Extension, New Delhi Dy. Director Incharg~, S. I. S. I., C/o. Chief Civil The Registrar of Companies, Punjab and Himachal Admn. , Panjim Pradesh, Link Road, Jullundur City The ReglstJar of Trade Unions, Kanpur Registrar of Companies, Bihar. Jammal Road, Patna.1 The Employment Officer, Employment Exchange, Registrar of Companies, Raj & Ajmer; Shri Kamta Gopal Bhavan, Mornia Prasad Houie. 1st Floor, 'C' Scheme, Ashok Marg, The Officer I/C., State Information Centre, Hyderabad Jaipur The Registrar of Companies, Pondicherry The Registrar of Companies, Andhra Bank Bu:lding, 6 The Asst!. Director of Publi~ity and Informati:>n, Linghi Chetty Street, P. B. 1530 Madras V'dhani SJubh.\ (P. B 271) Bang'ore

VI