PRG 335 (N) 1,000 ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF RAJASTHAN (WITH REFERENCE TO SCHEDULED CASTES & SCHEDULED TRIBES) U.B. MATHUR OF THE RAJASTHAN STATISTICAL SERVICE Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, Rajasthan. GANDHI CENTENARY YEAR 1969 To the memory of the Man Who spoke the following Words This work is respectfully Dedicated • • • • "1 CANNOT CONCEIVE ANY HIGHER WAY OF WORSHIPPING GOD THAN BY WORKING FOR THE POOR AND THE DEPRESSED •••• UNTOUCHABILITY IS REPUGNANT TO REASON AND TO THE INSTINCT OF MERCY, PITY AND lOVE. THERE CAN BE NO ROOM IN INDIA OF MY DREAMS FOR THE CURSE OF UNTOUCHABILITy .•.. WE MUST GLADLY GIVE UP CUSTOM THAT IS AGA.INST JUSTICE, REASON AND RELIGION OF HEART. A CHRONIC AND LONG STANDING SOCIAL EVIL CANNOT BE SWEPT AWAY AT A STROKE: IT ALWAYS REQUIRES PATIENCE AND PERSEVERANCE." INTRODUCTION THE CENSUS Organisation of Rajasthan has brought out this Ethnographic Atlas of Rajasthan with reference to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This work has been taken up by Dr. U.B. Mathur, Deputy Census Superin­ tendent of Rajasthan. For the first time, basic information relating to this backward section of our society has been presented in a very comprehensive form. Short and compact notes on each individual caste and tribe, appropriately illustrated by maps and pictograms, supported by statistical information have added to the utility of the publication. One can have, at a glance. almost a complete picture of the present conditions of these backward communities. The publication has a special significance in the Gandhi Centenary Year. The publication will certainly be of immense value for all official and Don­ official agencies engaged in the important task of uplift of the depressed classes. I congratulate Dr. U.B. Mathur and the State Census Organisation for this useful work. I also express my grate­ fulness to Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General of India and Dr. B.K. Roy Burman of the Central Census Organisa­ tion for inspiring and assisting this project. JAIPUR MOHANLAL SUKHADIA 25th Sept. 1969 Chief Minister, Rajasthan FOREWORD "ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF RAJASTHAN" is yet another valuable addition to the Census publications of Rajasthan. Needless to say, the Indian Census is one of the richest sources of ethnographic information. In the present book an attempt has been made to present some basic data on the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan as derived through the 1961 Census of India in a systematic and handy manner. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan have been neatly grouped according to their known traditional occupations and the basic demographic and cultural particulars of each community have been given, supplemented by an attractive little map showing the distribution of each community in the State. l have no doubt that this publication will be of great interest and utility to the social scientist, research scholar and the administrator alike. The credit for the compilation of this publication largely goes to the resourcefulness and enterprise of Dr. U. B, Mathur. NEW DELHI A. CHANDRA SEKHAR August 29, 1969 Registrar General, India PREFACE THE DEPRESSED and the weaker sections of our society were the closest to the heart of the father of our nation and all his life the Mahatma worked for their upliftment and called them Harijans-the God's own people. When the country became independent, the nation provided in the constitution some safeguards for promoting, with special care, their educational and economic interests and for protecting them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. More than twenty years have passed since the nation provided the constitutional safeguards for the uplift of these weaker sections of our society, called the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and it is necessary now to make an assessment of the progress made by these people. As statistical data is not available about the state of their affairs before this protection was provided, it is unfortunately not possible to measure the progress made by them during this period. The 1961 Census, however, collected some very valuable data, for the first time, on the conditions then obtaining which throws light, besides several demographic features, on their economic activity, state of literacy and levels of education attained by them. It provides a benchmark on which basis the progress achieved by each individual Scheduled Caste and Tribe can be evaluated in future every ten years when the Census of India is taken. Very little information is available at present on the individual Scheduled Castes and Tribes. and whatever is available is not easily comprehensible. I, therefore, thought that an attempt in this direction would be worth-while and I have tried to present the available information in the pages which now follow in a form which may be found interesting by the readers. In this work, a contribution to the GANDHI CENTENARY YEAR, I had the blessings of Shri A. Chandra Sekhar, Registrar General, India, and Dr. B. K. Roy Burman. Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies, in the Registrar General's office to whom I express my deep gratitude. My indebtedness to Shri C. S. Gupta. Superintendent, Census Cperations, Rajasthan, who rrade his help and advice always available to me. is great and 1 thank him. JAIPUR 26th January 1969 U. B. MATHUR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The fDllowing mem bers of staff assisted me in building up this work. I gratefully acknowledge their help and thank heartily. In processing of material; SHRI S. R. LUHADIA SHRI N. K. PUROHIT SHRI R.C. BHARGAVA SHRI G.D. AGARWALA SHRI SHAMSHER SINGH SHRI S. P. KASHY AP SHRI R. A. GUPTA In computation; SHRI R. N. VERMA SHRI WALl HYDER In map preparation ; SHRI M. L. KUMAWAT SHRI D. L. VERMA SHRI G.L. VERMA SHRI R. S. SHARMA In typing; SHRI P. C. TAMBI SHRI T.e. BASANDANI In printing; SHRI M. M. GOYAL SHRI MOTI SINGH SHRI HASSAN MOHD. CONTENTS Pages FOREWORD vi PREFACE vii INTRODUCTORY NOTE ix A - SCHEDULED CASTES OF RAJASTHAN 1. Castes traditionally associated with Leather 1 CHAMAR 4-5 2 MEGHWAL 6-7 3 BALAI 8-9 4 KHATIK 10-11 5 BOLA 12-13 6 BAIRWA 14-15 7 DHED 16-17 8 JINGAR 18-19 9 DABGAR 20-21 10 PASI 22 2. Castes traditionally associated with Scavenging 1 BHANG! 24-25 2 MEHTAR 26-27 3 VALMIKI 28-29 4 CHURA 30-31 3. Castes traditionally associated with Crafts I KOLI 34-35 2 SARGARA 36-37 3 MEHAR 38-39 4 GAWARIA 40-41 5 SALVI 42-43 6 GHANCHA 44-45 7 TIRGAR 46-47 8 KOOCHBAND 48 4. Castes traditionally associated with Music and Entertainment 1 DOM SO-51 2 KALBELIA 52-53 3 NAT 54-55 4 DHOBI 56-57 5 RAWAL 58-59 6 BHAND 60-61 7 KAMAD 62-63 8 BADI 64-65 9 BAZIGAR 66-67 10 BANSPHOR 68-69 CONTENTS (concld.) S. Castes traditionally associated with Criminal activities I BAWARIA 72-73 2 BAGRI 74-75 3 SANSI 76-77 4 KANJAR 78-79 5 BEDIA 80-81 6. Miscellaneous Castes I THORI 84-85 2 MAJHABI 86-87 3 DHANAK 88-89 4 GARODA 90-91 5 DHOBI 92-93 6 AHERI 94-95 7 SANTIA 96-97 8 CHANDAL 98 9 SARBHANGI 99 10 SINGlWALA 100 7. Unidentified Castes 1 BIRGI 102-103 2 BAJGAR 104-105 3 ADIDHARMI 106-107 4 BIDAKIA 108-109 5 GANDIA 110 6 GODHI 111 7 KHANGAR 112 8 MANG GAROm 113 B - SCHEDULED TRIBES OF RAJASTHAN MINA 116-117 2 BHIL 118-119 3 GARASIA 120-121 4 SAHARIYA 122-123 5 DAMOR 124-125 6 BHIL MINA 126-127 APPENDICES APPENDIX I-DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED CASTES IN THE URBAN AREAS 130 APPENDIX II-DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED TRIBES IN THE URBAN AREAS 138 • • • • ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS INTRODUCTORY NOTE ABOUT SEVENTEEN per cent of the population in the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the State Rajasthan belongs to the Scheduled Castes and about and its various districts. It also indicates the proportions twelve per cent to the Scheduled Tribes. The table of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population to below shows the distribution of population belonging to the total population for each district. DISTRIBUTION & PROPORTION OF SCHEDULED CASTES" SCHEDULED TRIBES -- ---~------ _----- -- ~ ----- ~- ~----- - - --_---- _---_--_- -- - -_--- -- ---- Population of Percentage of Scheduled Population of Percentage of Scheduled State/District Scheduled Caste population to Scheduled Tribe population to Castes total population Tribes total population 2 3 4 5 RAJASTHAN 3,359.640 16.67 2,351,470 11.67 Ganganagar 297,368 28.66 2,208 0.21 2 Bikaner 65.982 14.84 1,034 0.23 3 Churu 119,144 18.08 3,262 0.49 4 Jhunjhunu 99,146 13.78 1I,495 1.60 5 Alwar 194,028 17.80 88,454 8.11 6 Bharatpur 245,672 21.36 32,627 2.84 7 Sawai Madhopur 210,948 22.36 209,931 22.25 8 Jaipur 323,493 17.oI 218,569 11.49 9 Sikar 114,947 14.01 20.5t9 2.51 10 Ajmer 175,029 17.92 15.507 1.59 11 Tonk 105,754 21.25 57,699 1).59 12 Jaisalmer 18.939 13.50 4,566 3.25 13 Jodhpur 125,314 14.15 18,328 2.07 14 Nagaur 163,169 17.45 2,879 0.32 15 Pali 144,150 17.89 38,218 4.74 16 Banner 90,215 13.88 34,883 5.37 17 Jalcr 90,650 16.57 44,128 8.07 18 Sirohi 67,113 19.05 74,087 21.03 19 Bhdwara 140.157 16.19 81,226 9.38 20 Udaipur 127,461 8.70 441,710 30.17 21 Chitorgarh )01,955 14.36 129,645 18.26 22 Ikngarpur 18,680 4.59 244,782 60.15 23 Banswara 21,700 4.57 339,624 71.46 24 Bundi 61,835 18.29 59,973 17.74 25 Kota 153,746 18.12 124.554 14.63 26 Jhalawar 83.045 16.93 51,512 'lO.50 ------ ---"~ -~-~-----~~-----------~- -- - ------_ -_------- ---.-----------------------~--- --- --------- xi DISPERSAL OF SCHEDULED CASTE POPUL.ATION .~.".t ,.._.-.