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[Text Version of Database, Created 9/12/2018] [Text version of database, created 9/12/2018]. Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Maiduan group (Maiduan family). Languages included: Maidu [mai-mdu], Konkow [mai-kon], Central Hill Nisenan [mai- chn]. DATA SOURCES I. Maidu. Shipley 1963 = Shipley, William F. 1963. Maidu Texts and Dictionary (University of California publications in linguistics; v. 33). Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. // A medium-sized Maidu dictionary accompanied by a collection of texts with English translations. According to the author, «[t]he basic listings in the Maidu-English section are single morphs, morphophonemically written. Sublistings are phonemic.» [p. 85]. This means that we need to refer to the English-Maidu section for the underived words in phonemic transcription. Meanings given in the Maidu-English and in the English-Maidu sections do not always literally coincide. Shipley 1964 = Shipley, William F. 1964. Maidu Grammar (University of California publications in linguistics; v. 41). Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. // A descriptive grammar of the Maidu language. II. Konkow. Ultan 1961 = Ultan, Russell. 1961. [Konkow vocabulary]. // A wordlist of Konkow, collected in October 1961 for the Survey of California Indian Languages. Represents a 17-page standard Survey vocabulary sheet, filled in by the Konkow data. Available online at http://cla.berkeley.edu (item number: Ultan.001). Ultan 1967 = Ultan, Russell. 1967. Konkow Grammar. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Berkeley. // A descriptive grammar of the Konkow language. 1 III. Central Hill Nisenan. Eatough 1999 = Eatough, Andrew. 1999. Central Hill Nisenan Texts with Grammatical Sketch (University of California publications in linguistics; v. 132). Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press. // A collection of Nisenan texts with a grammar sketch and a short vocabulary. The texts were recorded in 1964 and 1965 by Richard Smith from Lizzie Enos (1881-1968), the last fluent speaker of this variety of Nisenan. Paul 1967 = Paul, Joan S. 1967. Phonemic Analysis of Auburn Nisenan: A Dialect of Maidu. In: Anthropological Linguistics, Vol. 9, No. 9, pp. 12-24. // A brief description of Auburn Nisenan phonology, accompanied by a short wordlist. The informant (Lizzie Enos) is the same as in [Eatough 1999], so the two vocabularies can complement each other. However, both phonological analysis in general and transcription of particular words frequently differ in between the two sources. NOTES I. Maidu. Transliteration. The Maidu alphabet is transliterated as follows: b ɓ d ɗ p̓ pʼ t̓ tʼ c̓ ȶʼ k̓ kʼ c ȶ j y y ɨ Ỻ ˈV Ỽ ˌV 2 II. Konkow. Transliteration. The Konkow alphabet is transliterated as follows: b ɓ d ɗ p̓ pʼ t̓ tʼ c̓ čʼ k̓ kʼ j y y ɨ Vˑ Vː Ỻ ˈV Ỽ ˌV III. Central Hill Nisenan. Transliteration. The data from [Eatough 1999] are transliterated as follows: c cʼ b ɓ d ɗ j y ’ ʔ y ɨ ë ə VV Vː 3 The data from [Paul 1967] are transliterated as follows: b ɓ d ɗ j y y ɨ V· Vː Database compiled by: M. Zhivlov (last update: July 2018). 4 1. ALL Maidu ʔɨpˈe-kʼan-ˌi (1), Konkow ʔˈipe-kˌan- # (1), Central Hill Nisenan kaːnteː (2). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 208. Polysemy: 'all / every bit'. Derived from ʔɨpˈe 'just, only ... and no more' [Shipley 1963: 208, 239]. Cf. also ʔɨpˈe-kʼan-ɓe 'all of them / each and every' [Shipley 1963: 208, 211], ʔɨpˈe-kʼan-ɗˌɨk 'all, every last one, every single...' [ibid.], kˌan-ˈi 'all, the whole of it, all there is' [Shipley 1963: 132, 211]. Textual examples in [Shipley 1963: 20-21, 32-33, 76-77] show that ʔɨpˈe-kʼan-ˌi is the basic word for "plural" 'all'. Konkow: Ultan 1967: 94. Attested in the following sentence: ʔˈipekˌanimsa wˈoːnoɓˌosin "they all died off". -im- is the subject case ending [Ultan 1967: 145], -sa is an allomorph of neutral modal auxiliary ha, cliticized to the first constituent of the clause [Ultan 1967: 122- 123]. Alternative candidate: ʔˈiɓeː 'all' [Ultan 1967: 136]. We tentatively choose ʔˈipe-kˌan- because it occurs in a diagnostic context for 'all = omnis'. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 40. Quoted as kante, kantem haɗek in [Paul 1967: 19]. 2. ASHES Maidu pʼi=ɗˈus-i (1), Konkow sˈam=pˌɨpɨ (2), Central Hill Nisenan sam=yol (3). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 165, 212. From pʼi- (attested, e.g., in pʼi-ɓˈu- 'be charred, blackened, burnt' [Shipley 1963: 165, 216], pʼi-lˈis 'hot' [Shipley 1963: 166, 230]) and ɗˌus-ˈi 'powder' [Shipley 1963: 107, 242]. Cf. also the word kʼˈaw=ɗus-ˌi 'dust' (literally 'dirt powder') that means 'ashes' in the speech of one of the informants, Marie Potts [Shipley 1963: 138, 222]. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 7. A compound formation from sˈa 'fire' and an unidentified root pɨpɨ. Central Hill Nisenan: Paul 1967: 19. A compound formation from sa 'fire' and the root yol which apparenly means 'dust'. Not attested in [Eatough 1999]. 3. BARK Maidu kapˈu-m-i # (1), Central Hill Nisenan kapum (1). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 131, 213. Glossed as 'thin-layered bark'. The Maidu language distinguishes between kapˈu 'thin-layered bark', kapˈu-m-i id. [Shipley 1963: 131, 213], on one side, and hulˈekɨ 'thick heavy bark, as from a pine tree' [Shipley 1963: 121, 213] on the other. It is not easy to decide which word is the 'basic' one. We tentatively choose kapˈu-m-i, because it occurs several times in the texts [Shipley 1963: 12-13, 46-47, 48-49, 62-63], whereas hulˈekɨ (and kapˈu) are found only in the dictionary. In [Shipley 1963: 131], kapˈu and kapˈu-m-i are listed as derived from the root ka- with unclear meaning, but, since no other derivatives of this root are attested, and the nature of the element -pu is unknown, the morphological segmentation remains tentative. Konkow: Not attested. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 40; Paul 1967: 19. 4. BELLY Maidu kʼˌam-ˈi (1), Konkow kʼˈam-i # (1), Central Hill Nisenan cʼɨːp # (2). 5 References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 138, 214. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 5. Alternative candidate: hˈaykʼatʼi 'belly' [ibid.]. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 41; Paul 1967: 19. Alternative candidate: kʼam 'belly' [Eatough 1999: 41]. 5. BIG Maidu tetˈe (1), Konkow hˈeli (2), Central Hill Nisenan ne (3). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 176, 214. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 12. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 41. Quoted as nemɨ 'big (It's big)' in [Paul 1967: 19]. 6. BIRD Maidu kʼˈut-tʼɨtʼˌɨ (1), Konkow yˈeːm=kʼˌutʼ-i (1), Central Hill Nisenan tʼɨtʼɨn (2). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 142, 214. Derived from kʼˌutʼ-ˈi 'creature' (a generic term for small animals, birds, etc.) [Shipley 1963: 142, 219]. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 9. Literally 'winged animal' (yˈeː 'wing' [Ultan 1961: 6], kʼˈutʼ-i 'animal' [Ultan 1961: 8]). Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 41. Glossed as 'bird (generic)'. Quoted as ɗɨɗɨn in [Paul 1967: 19]. 7. BITE Maidu ɗˈo- (1), Konkow ɗˈoː (1), Central Hill Nisenan ɗow (1). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 105, 214. Polysemy: 'taste (something) / bite'. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 14. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 41. Quoted as ɗoʔ in [Paul 1967: 19]. 8. BLACK Maidu sˈiw=sˌiw (1), Konkow ʔˈe=mul-i # (2), Central Hill Nisenan pʼiː-ɓutʼ (3). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 169, 214. A reduplicated form. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 6. Another candidate is ʔˈe=ɓut-i 'black' [ibid.]. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 41. Quoted as pʼiː-buɗ in [Paul 1967: 19]. 6 9. BLOOD Maidu seɗˈe (1), Konkow sˈeɗeː (1), Central Hill Nisenan seɗey (1). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 168, 215. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 6. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 41; Paul 1967: 19. 10. BONE Maidu ɓˌɨm-ˈi (1), Konkow ɓˈɨm-i (1), Central Hill Nisenan ɓɨm (1). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 96, 215. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 6. Central Hill Nisenan: Paul 1967: 19. Not attested in [Eatough 1999]. 11. BREAST Maidu nanˈa (1), Konkow nˈana (1), Central Hill Nisenan tuːtuː # (2). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 155, 217. Glossed as 'chest of body'. Distinct from mˌin-ˈi 'milk / woman's breast' [Shipley 1963: 152, 215]. Konkow: Ultan 1961: 5. Glossed as 'chest'. Distinct from mˈin-i 'woman's breast / nipple / milk' [Ultan 1961: 5, 15]. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 42. Glossed as 'chest'. Quoted as tutuʔ 'breast (or chest)' in [Paul 1967: 19]. Distinct from min 'breast' [Eatough 1999: 41] (apparently female breast, judging by cognates in other Maiduan languages). 12. BURN TR. Maidu tˈɨ-ti- (1), Konkow čʼˈoː-ti- (2), Central Hill Nisenan tʼaːn-ti # (3). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 178, 216. Glossed as 'burn (something)'. Derived with the causative suffix -ti- from tˈɨ- 'burn (not as a fire, but the object that burns)'. Konkow: Ultan 1967: 90. Derived with the causative suffix -ti- from čʼˈoː- (morphophonologically {cʼóH-}) 'burn (intr.)'. Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 41. Glossed as 'burn (something)'. Quoted as ɗantip 'burn something' in [Paul 1967: 19]. Related to tʼaːno 'burn (be burned)' [ibid.]. Alternative candidate: sa-ti 'burn (something)' [ibid.], derived from sa 'fire', q.v. 13. CLAW(NAIL) 7 Maidu ɓˌiȶʼ-ˈi (1), Konkow čʼˈiɓ-i (1), Central Hill Nisenan ɓicʼi (1). References and notes: Maidu: Shipley 1963: 90, 225. Polysemy: 'claw / nail / hoof'. Cf. also the compound form mˈa=ɓiȶʼ-ˌi 'fingernail' [Shipley 1963: 90, 225] (with mˈa 'hand' q.v.). Konkow: Ultan 1961: 5. Polysemy: 'claw / fingernail'. The latter meaning can also be expressed by a compound form: mˌaːm=čʼˈiɓ-i [ibid.] (with mˈaː 'hand' q.v.). Central Hill Nisenan: Eatough 1999: 43. Glossed as 'fingernail'. Quoted as ɓicʼiː 'claw' in [Paul 1967: 19] and ɓicʼi 'fingernail' in [Paul 1967: 20].
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