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Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Are All Monotheistic Religions Founded in the Middle East

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Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Are All Monotheistic Religions Founded in the Middle East Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are all monotheistic religions founded in the Middle East. Often grouped together as “Abrahamic religions," these three faiths share common history and traditions, a respect for the Bible, a conviction that there is one God, a belief in prophets and divine revelation, and a holy city in Jerusalem, among other things. But Christianity, Islam and Judaism also differ significantly in matters of belief and practice, from their understanding of God to the identity of the prophets and Jesus and the authority of various scriptures. The following chart is intended to be a starting point for understanding these ancient religions and their relationships to one another. Christianity Islam Judaism origins Based on life and teachings of Jesus of Based on teachings of the Prophet The religion of the Hebrews (c. 1300 Nazareth, c. 30 CE, Roman province Muhammad; founded 622 CE in BC), especially after the destruction of of Palestine. Mecca, Saudi Arabia. the Second Temple in 70 AD. major splits Catholic-Orthodox (1054); Catholic- Shia-Sunni (c. 650 CE) Reform-Orthodox (1800s CE) Protestant (1500s) original Aramaic and Greek Arabic Hebrew language adherents 2 billion 1.3 billion 14 million texts Bible (Hebrew Bible + New Qur'an (Scripture); Hadith (tradition) Hebrew Bible (Tanakh); Talmud Testament) god(s) Holy Trinity = God the Father + God One God (Allah in Arabic); the same One God: Yahweh (YHVH) God revealed (imperfectly) in the Christianity Islam Judaism the Son + God the Holy Spirit Jewish and Christian Bibles Jesus was Son of God. Savior. Messiah. Second True prophet sent by God, but message false prophet person of the Trinity. Incarnation of corrupted and superseded by God. Word of God. Muhammad. birth of virgin birth virgin birth normal birth Jesus death of normal death plus spiritual suffering did not die; ascended into heaven normal death Jesus during crucifixion house of church or chapel mosque synagogue or temple worship main day of Sunday Friday Saturday worship There are two main branches of Islam: Sunni and Shi'a. Sunni Islam is by far the largest group, although in some countries it is a minority. Sunnis have their historical roots in the majority group who followed Abu Bakr, an effective leader, as the successor of Muhammad, instead of his cousin and son-in-law Ali. Shi'ites are those who followed Ali, the closest relative of Muhammad, as Muhammad's successor. Shi'a Sunni name means "party" or "partisans" (of Ali) "tradition" adherents are called Shi'ites, Shi'i Sunnis adherents 120 million 940 million percentage of parent 10% 90% religion holy cities Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Najaf, Karbala Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem major branches Ithna 'Ashariyah (Twelvers; the largest), Isma'iliyah and four major schools of Muslim law are Zaydiyah recognized authority after Scripture infallible imams ijma' (consensus) of the Muslim community true successor of the 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of the Prophet's daughter Fatimah Abu Bakr, father of the Prophet's wife prophet (designated by the Prophet) 'A'ishah (elected by people of Medina) Shi'a Sunni view of imams infallible manifestations of God and perfect interpreters of the human leaders Qur'an Messiah was born in 869, is currently the "hidden imam" who works will come in the future; identity is known through mujtahids to intepret Qur'an; and will return at the end of only to Allah time mut'ah (temporary still practiced practiced in the Prophet's time, but now marriage) rejected taqiya (concealing faith emphasized affirmed under certain circumstances for self-protection) The Big Religion Chart: Compare World Religions The ReligionFacts “Big Religion Chart” is an attempt to summarize a selection of religions as concisely as possible for purposes of quick comparison. It is not intended to be a substitute for advanced religious study and exploration. Our hope is that this chart simply serves as a useful starting point to compare and understand the world's religions. Currently, 45 religions and belief systems are compared in this chart. Please note that, as throughout ReligionFacts, we have been quite inclusive. Some groups listed here may not properly be called “religions.” Conversely, if a group is not included in the Big Religion Chart, it doesn't mean it's not a religion or doesn't matter - the chart is not comprehensive. Links in the chart lead to ReligionFacts articles, where you can find more information and references for the basic data compared here. Adheren Origins ts God(s) Human Life Afterlife Practices Texts Aladur Founded 1 million Generally Strong emphasis on Not emphasized; Spiritual healing is none a c.1918 among monotheistic; a mix healing and salvation in views vary. central. Mix of Anglican the Yoruba of Anglican, this life. and African rituals; a people of West Pentecostal and prophet plays a Nigeria, as a traditional African prominent role. reaction beliefs. against established Anglicanism. Amish Originated in 290,100 (see Christianity) Emphasis on humility, (see Christianity) Communion twice a Christian Bible Switzerland (Old Order simplicity, submission to year; foot washing; with the strict Amish) God, and avoiding vanity separation from the Adheren Origins ts God(s) Human Life Afterlife Practices Texts teachings of world; speak German and Jakob Amman, Pennsylvania Dutch; no which led to a electricity; plain clothes split from like 17th-century Mennonites in European peasants; 1693. "Running Around" before baptism at age 17- 20; shunning Asatru Revival of unknown Polytheistic, Norse Salvation or redemption Valhalla (heaven) for Sacrifice of food or Eddas (Norse epics); Norse and gods and not emphasized. death in battle; Hel drink, toast to the gods, the Havamal (proverbs Germanic goddesses, Norse Fatalistic outlook. (peaceful place) for shamanism (less attributed to Odin) paganism, creation myths. most; Hifhel (hell) for frequently), celebration 1970s the very evil. of solstice holidays. Nine Scandinavia Noble Virtues is moral and USA. code. atheis Appears 1.1 billion There is no God, not addressed none none Notable atheist works m throughout (including gods, or divine include those of history agnostic being. Beliefs about Epicurius, Bertrand (including and non- the universe and its Russell, Carl Sagan, ancient Greek religious, origins are based on Richard Dawkins, philosophy), which tend latest scientific Christopher Hitchens. but especially to be findings. after the grouped on Enlightenment surveys) (19th cent). Adheren Origins ts God(s) Human Life Afterlife Practices Texts Baha'i Founded by 5-7 million One God, who has The soul is eternal and Soul separates from Daily prayer, avoidance Writings of Bahá'u'lláh Bahá'u'lláh, revealed himself essentially good. Purpose the body and begins a of intoxicants, scripture and other Bahá'í 1863, Tehran, progressively of life is to develop journey towards or reading, hard work, leaders. Iran. through major spiritually and draw away from God. education, work for world religions. closer to God. Heaven and hell are social justice and states of being. equality. Origins Adheren God(s) Human Life Afterlife Practices Texts ts Bon Indigenous 100,000 Nontheistic Purpose is to gain Reincarnation until Meditation on mandalas Bonpo canon religion of Buddhism, but enlightenment. gain enlightenment. and Tibetan deities, Tibet. meditation on astrology, monastic life. peaceful and wrathful deities. Buddhi Based on 360 million Varies: Theravada Purpose is to avoid Reincarnation Meditation, mantras, Tripitaka (Pali Canon); sm teachings of atheistic; Mahayana suffering and gain (understood devotion to deities (in Mahayana sutras like Siddharta more polytheistic. enlightenment and differently than in some sects), mandalas the Lotus Sutra; others. Gautama (the Buddha taught release from cycle of Hinduism, with no (Tibetan) Buddha) in c. nothing is rebirth, or at least attain a surviving soul) until 520 BC, NE permanent. better rebirth by gaining gain enlightenment India. merit. Cao Founded in 4-6 million God represented by Goal is peace and Reincarnation. Bad Hierarchy similar to Caodai canon Adheren Origins ts God(s) Human Life Afterlife Practices Texts Dai 1926, Vietnam Divine Eye. harmony in each person karma can lead to Roman Catholicism. by Ngo Van Founders of and in the world. rebirth on a darker Daily prayer. Meditation. Chieu and Buddhism, Taoism, Salvation by "cultivating planet; good karma to Communication with others based Hinduism, Islam, self and finding God in better life on earth. spirit world (now on a séance. and Christianity self." Eventual attainment outlawed in Vietnam). venerated, and of nirvana or heaven. saints including Victor Hugo. Chopra Founded by unknown monism - God or Humans have limitless Reincarnation Yoga, meditation, Deepak Chopra's many Center Deepak Supreme Reality potential, but do not massage, nutrition, books, such as the Chopra in pervades all things; recognize this. Health mindfulness, detox Seven Spiritual Laws 1991, all is unity and success can be had sessions, positive of Success California by focusing on whole thinking. self (mind, body, spirit). Christa delphia n Origins Adheren God(s) Human Life Afterlife Practices Texts ts Christi Founded by 150,000 - One God. No Salvation is "Life, Truth, Heaven is "not a Spiritual healing through Christian Bible, an Mary Baker 400,000 Trinity (in and Love understood and locality, but a divine prayer and knowledge, Science & Health with Adheren Origins ts God(s) Human Life Afterlife Practices Texts Science Eddy in 1879, traditional sense). demonstrated as supreme state of Mind in Sunday services, daily Key to the Scriptures Massachusetts. Matter and evil do over all; sin, sickness which all the Bible and Science & not exist. and death destroyed." manifestations of Health reading. Mind are harmonious and immortal." Christi Based on life 2 billion Holy Trinity = God All have sinned and are Eternal heaven or hell Prayer, Bible study, Bible (Hebrew Bible + anity and teachings the Father + God thereby separated from (or temporary baptism, Eucharist New Testament) of Jesus of the Son + God the God.
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