sign in sign up
<<
Home , Andean civilizations, Aztec society, Mesoamerica, Olmec religion, Om, South

10/25/2011

Mesoamerican & Andean

MOST LIKELY THEORY

First Americans originated in Some migrated to around 15,000 years ago Crossed in Land bridge probably existed at the Gradually dispersed throughout and America

1 10/25/2011

MESOAMERICA

Mesoamerica

In what is now southern and Rain forests cover the Fertile soil made this a good area for farming People first appeared in this area around 12,000 BC (corn) being grown around 3500 BC

2 10/25/2011

The Olmec

First urban formed in Mesoamerica – around 1200 BC Built the first in the Developed the first system in the Americas Traded with others from far away Civilization ended around 400 BC

OLMEC ACHIEVEMENTS Talented engineers and architects Built sewer system Built pyramids and palaces from stone

Also carved giant stone heads Largest is 9 feet tall and weighs 15 tons No one knows their exact function Writing system and a system to record dates

3 10/25/2011

OLMEC

Polytheistic

Most important portrayed as half man/half

Believed that certain people could turn into at will Variation of the “were-wolf”

TEOTIHUACÁN Olmec civilization faded around 900 BCE. Teotihuacán 200-700 AD Giant containing 200,000 people Two giant pyramids of the Pyramid of the Hundreds of other buildings

4 10/25/2011

L a n d s f t h M a y a n s

The Yucatan Peninsula

5 10/25/2011

Ch c h e n - I t z a - P y r a mi d

MAYANS

Located in Yucatan, , and 300-900 AD Sophisticated Two to three harvests a year Supported population of 2 million people Divided into a of small states Never a single united

6 10/25/2011

MAYAN Built huge ceremonial centers that resembled cities Contained pyramids, plazas, wide streets Most Mayans lived in small villages that surrounded center

Mayan Cities

Pyramids palaces Canals Large plazas built for public events

7 10/25/2011

Ch i c h e n - I t z a - Observa tory

Ch i c h e n - I t z a - l l Co r t

8 10/25/2011

M a y a n Cultivation

o f M a i z e

Chac, God of Rain

M a y a n Underground Gra na ries: Ch u l t u n e s

9 10/25/2011

Overview of

T i kTemple a l of the Masks ( Gu a t e l a )

Tik al Jungle Vi e w a t Su n se t

10 10/25/2011

T i k a l - M a i n Co u r t

T i k a l:

T e mp l e o f t h e M a sk 11 s 10/25/2011

T i k a l - Wa l l Mask of the R a i n God

MAYAN ACHIEVEMENTS Sophisticated Understood concept of zero Developed “place-value” system

Developed elaborate but accurate calendar

Literate but little of their writing survives

12 10/25/2011

M a y a n Gl y p h s sky house child city

M a y a n M a t h e ma t i c s

M a y a n Gl y p h s

13 10/25/2011

M a y a n Dr i n k i n g Cu p f o r Ch o c o l a t e

P a k a l : T h e M a y a Ast r o n a u t

14 10/25/2011

Qu e t z a l c o a t l : The God of Wi sd o m & L e a r n i n g

MAYAN RELIGION

Very complex Chief god was Itzamná 13 levels of and 9 levels of hell People believed they had to please the by blood

15 10/25/2011

COLLAPSE OF MAYAN STATES

Mayan states collapsed around 900 AD Perhaps due to natural catastrophe Next the

16 10/25/2011

THE AZTECS ARRIVE

Also known as

Originally a nomadic tribe from north Found it in 1325 AD on island in middle of in central Mexico Built capital city on island Tenochtitlán

L a n d s o f t h e Az t e c s

17 10/25/2011

Aztec Vi ew o f

Ruins of the City Center, Tenochtitlan

18 10/25/2011

Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the Americas

Quetzalcoatl

God of peace Replaced the god of war The overthrew and returned to being warlike Quetzalcoatl promised to return and bring light and peace

19 10/25/2011

Az t e c Ch i n a mp a o r F l o a t i n g r d e n : 1 5f t . t o 3 0 f t . wi d e

T h e Az t e c s We r e F i e r c e Wa r r i o rs

20 10/25/2011

Az t e c s Sa c r i f i c e Neighboring Tribes to the Su n God

He a r t Sa c r i f i c e on an Aztec T e mp l e P y r a mi d

21 10/25/2011

Wa l l o f Sk u l l s, Tenochtitlan

Sacrificial St a t u e , Tenochtitlan

22 10/25/2011

Az t e c Gol d

Traits of the Aztec

Religious Beliefs and Theocracy United Culture, Loyalty to the King Many physical and human resources funneled into religious activities

23 10/25/2011

Traits of the Aztec

Powerful Army Added land, power, and prisoners for religious Need for prisoners changed warfare style to less deadly and less aggressive

Traits of the Aztec

Empire of Tribute States Provides wealth and power and prisoners for religious sacrifices Tribute states are rebellious and need to be controlled

24 10/25/2011

TENOCHTITLÁN Grew wealthy from tribute from conquered territory Turned city into magnificent place Canals served as arteries of transportation system Sewer System Huge temples and places Brightly colored

Aztec

People divided into social classes and nobles the most important Priests and warriors below kings Merchants and artisans next Farmers and slaves the lowest

25 10/25/2011

AZTEC RELIGION

Two sets of gods Nature gods Worshipped by farmers Had shape of the item the god controlled Great gods of state Usually portrayed as half human/half animal or as monster Chief god was Huitzilopochtli God of the sun

HUMAN Believed that the world had passed through four previous stages (“”) Each one destroyed by catastrophe To prevent destruction of fifth “sun”, Huitzilopochtli had to be appeased By feeding him human hearts Aztecs therefore sacrificed victims by ripping out their hearts and holding them up for Huitzilopochtli to symbolically eat

26 10/25/2011

Aztec Achievements

Studied and created a calendar Built bridges and canals Had a complex writing system

Cortez and the Aztecs The End Spanish explorer Hernan Cortez arrived in 1519 Aztec emperor Moctezuma II thought Cortez was a god. Cortez took the emperor prisoner The Aztecs became angry and drove the Spanish out Cortez came back in 1521 and conquered the Aztecs

27 10/25/2011

L a n d s o f t h e I n c a s

28 10/25/2011

Cu z c o : An c i e n t Capital of the I n c a (11,000 ft. above level)

M a c h u P i c c h u

29 10/25/2011

M a c h u P i c c h u

I n c a n Su spe nsi on Br i d g e s

30 10/25/2011

I n c a n T e r r a c e F a r mi n g

I n c a n Di g g i n g St i c k s

31 10/25/2011

The Inca

Began as a small tribe in the in By the 1500’s empire stretched from to 12 million people in empire Government was centralized and controlled many aspects of life Incas paid the government in labor and goods

M a i z e i n I n c a n P o t t e r y & Work

32 10/25/2011

Ov e r 1 0 0 Di f f e r e n t T y p e s o f P o t a t o e s Cultivated by the Incans

Produce from a T y p i c a l I n c a n

M a r k e t

33 10/25/2011

I n c a n Ceramic Jars

Peanut Squash

Cacao God Cacao Pod

T h e Qu i p u : An I n c a n Da t a b a se

34 10/25/2011

I n c a n M u mmi e s

I nca Gold & Si l v e r

35 10/25/2011

Inca

Traits of Civilization Strength Leading to Weakness Leading to Power Decline

Religious beliefs and United culture Many physical and theocracy Loyalty to the emperor human resources funneled into religious activities Major road systems Connected entire Enemy could also use empire and aided roads to move troops control

Type of welfare state Care for entire People unable to care with huge bureaucracy population during good for themselves with the and bad elimination of the welfare state

Inca Society

Most Incans farmers No merchants or markets in the empire Government officials gave people goods through the labor tax system

36 10/25/2011

Inca Achievements

•Built massive buildings made of stone blocks •Produced art of gold and silver •No written

Capacocha Sacrifices Burials: Mummy Bundles

Children sacrificed to the mountain gods.

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/channel/inca/

37 10/25/2011

Pizarro and the Incas The End Spaniards came to in 1530 When the Incas would not convert to , the Spanish attacked Spanish defeated the Incans in 1537 and took control of the area

38