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Home , Ayrum, Chambarak, Dilijan, Ijevan, Qazax, Qubadli

CLIMATE FACTS AND POLICY

POLICIES AND PROCESSES 9.8 MILLION tCO2e 3.2 TONNES PER CAPITA Policy framework Development strategy for 2014-2025 Second national environmental action programme Energy sector developments Concept for ensuring energy security Renewable energy roadmap National programme for energy savings and renewable energy and action plan Law on energy savings and renewable energy 2030 targets and INDC Mitigation Base year: 1990 633 million tCO₂e emissions during 2015-2050 (5.4 tonnes per capita per year) Interim review of the mitigation progress and reduction targets in 2030 Forest cover increase up to 20 per cent of the territory

Adaptation priorities Natural ecosystems, health, water, agriculture, energy, human settlements and infrastructure, and tourism GHG inventory of all sectors and gases First biennial update report to UNFCCC 3.0 3,500 National GHG inventory report to UNFCCC MILLION US $ POPULATION PER CAPITA Third national communication to UNFCCC 76% GDP OF TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION FROM FOSSIL FUELS CLIMATE ACTIONS Sources: 2012 national GHG inventory report (2015); First biennial update report (2016); GHG emissions demographic, energy and economic data 70 per cent GHG emissions reduction in 2010 compared to 1990 from the World Development Indicators of 26 per cent GHG emissions increase in 2010 compared to 2000 the World Bank: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator 2013 Concept for ensuring energy security 50 per cent reduction in energy intensity of GDP since 2000

Small hydropower plant development programme since 2010 Favourable tariffs, financing schemes Small hydro plants currently account for 13 per cent of total power generation

CLIMATE FINANCE

National incentives for renewables and energy efficiency Favourable tariff policy for renewables, and lending for renewable energy and energy efficiency

EBRD Private sector investment facility for renewable energy and energy efficiency

WB Renewable Energy and Energy Saving Fund Exploration of potential geothermal sites

Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO), International Finance Corporation (IFC), KfW Development Bank Small hydropower and wind plants

OeEB Development Bank of Austria Renewable energy and energy efficiency Rustavi Rustavi Marneuli Bolnisi Qax Marneuli Io Akhalkalaki Bolnisi ri Dedoplis Tskaro Qax Io Akhalkalaki ri Dedoplis Tskaro

G E O R G I A Kur a i G E O R G I A K n Ninotsminda ur a a z i n la Ninotsminda a Ayrum A z la A Alaverdi Childir Tashir Alaverdi bed Qazax De d Childir ebe D Tovuz Tovuz ShamkirReservoir Stepanavan Reservoir MingachevirReservoir Reservoir Lori 1 ev Shamkir Lori 1 st Ijevan Spitak h v Ag te Shamkir Gyumri hs Ag Vanadzor A Z E R B A I J A N Dilijan A Z E R B A I J A N Dilijan Ganja Ganja Akhurian Kars Artik Aparan AkhurianRes. Sevan Chambarak Res. Sevan Ashagi an azd AgchakandAshagi Hr an A zd Agchakand k Hrazdan k ra

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i a K n Ashtarak Abovyan Lake Sevan Yerevan Tar Nagorno- Aras Vagharshapat tar Kagizman Tar Nagorno- Aras Vardenis tar Kagizman Armavir Metsamor Martuni Karavachar Masis A R M E N I A KaravacharKalbajar A R M E N I A Artashat Igdir Artashat Karabakh Igdir Vedi Ararat StepanakertKhankendi Ararat Jermuk Khankendi T U R K E Y Agri T U R K E Y Arpa Yeghegnadzor Agri Arpa Berddzor BerddzorLachin Sharur H a Dogubeyazit k AZERBAIJAN Sisian H a a r k i Dogubeyazit AZERBAIJAN a Goris r Energy and emissions Angeghtuni Energy and emissions Maku AngeghtunQubadli Energy and emissions Maku Fossil fuel energy installations and carbon emissions Renewable energy installationsN a k h c h i v a n Fossil fuel energy installations and carbon emissions Renewable energy installationsN a k h c h i v a n CO2 emissions from thermal power plants, Wind park (less than 50 MW) COmillion2 emissions tonnes perfrom year: thermal power plants, Wind park (less than 50 MW) Chaldiran Kapan million tonnesChaldiran per year: Hydropower plant NakhchivanAras Siah Chashmeh Hydropower plant ArasReservoir more than 0.5 Thermal power plantSiah Chashmeh Reservoir more thanMuradiye 0.5 (coal/oil/gas)Thermal power plant Muradiye Pipelines Julfa 0.1 — 0.5 (coal/oil/gas) Pipelines r Julfa Qareh Zia od Din u Lake Van 0.1 — 0.5 Nuclear power plant Oil / gas ot Qareh Zia od Din K r Meghri Lake Van 0.01 — 0.1 Nuclear power plant Oil / gas tu Ordubad 0.01 — 0.1 Ko 0 25 km 0 25 km Forests (high CO2 absorption potential) IRAN Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2016 Forests (high CO2 absorption potential) Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2016

The Law on energy savings and renewable energy (2004) pro- Policies and institutions motes strengthening of Armenia’s energy independence. These goals are operationalized in the subsequent Renewable energy The Ministry of Nature Protection is the executive authority for programme (2007) and Action plan (2010). Small hydropower environmental protection and climate change. It chairs the In- production – advantageous in the mountainous setting of Arme- ter-agency Coordinating Council on Implementation of Require- nia – has increased since the establishment of an SHP develop- ments and Provisions of the UNFCCC established in 2012. The ment programme in 2010. Climate Change Information Center established in 1997 supports the Ministry on climate change information. The Concept for ensuring energy security assesses the export potential of Armenia’s energy system, and aims to create an at- Armenia has identified the following priority areas of action for tractive investment environment for renewable, alternative and limiting GHG emissions: increased renewable energy produc- nuclear energy. tion, modernization of thermal power plants, improved energy efficiency, expansion of electrical transport, decreased methane emissions from solid municipal waste and wastewater, and forest restoration and afforestation. Climate actions

The Second national environmental action programme covers Similar to many other countries with economies in transition, Ar- climate change as both a separate issue and as a cross-cutting menia saw its GHG emissions decline after the collapse of the issue. The Armenia development strategy 2014-2025 aims to in- in the 1990s. Emissions in 2010 were 70 per cent troduce energy-efficient and resource-saving technologies and lower than in 1990. The Armenia INDC sets an emission limit of measures, and seeks to reduce transport emissions in the capi- 633 million tonnes of CO₂-equivalent during 2015-2050 or an av- tal city Yerevan by developing electric public transport and other erage of 5.4 tonnes per capita, and aims for a 20 per cent forest low-emission transportation alternatives. cover for the country by 2050. Rustavi Marneuli Bolnisi Marneuli Qax Bolnisi Io Qax Akhalkalaki Iori Dedoplis Tskaro Akhalkalaki ri Dedoplis Tskaro

G E O R G I A K G E O R G I A ur i a ni Ninotsminda a z n Ninotsminda Ayrum a Ayrum laz Ala A Tashir Alaverdi Qazax Childir Tashir Alaverdi ed Qazax Childir Deb Tovuz Shamkir Stepanavan Tovuz ReservoirShamkir Mingachevir Stepanavan Reservoir MingachevirReservoir Reservoir Ijevan Spitak v Ijevan Spitak te Shamkir s ev Shamkir Gyumri hst Gyumri Agh Vanadzor Ag Vanadzor A Z E R B A I J A N Dilijan A Z E R B A I J A N Ganja Kars Artik Aparan Akhurian Artik Aparan Sevan Chambarak Res.Akhurian Sevan Chambarak Res. Ashagi dan Hrazdan Ashagi razdan Hrazdan Agchakand

A Hraz Agchakand k

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h s r a Charentsavan u i a Gavar a s r K i n a Gavar a

K n Ashtarak Lake Sevan Ashtarak Abovyan Lake Sevan

Vagharshapat Yerevan Yerevan Vardenis Nagorno- Aras Vardenis Tartar Nagorno- Kagizman Aras Armavir Metsamor Martuni Metsamor Martuni Karavachar Masis A R M E N I A Karavachar A R M E N I A Kalbajar Artashat Karabakh Igdir Karabakh Igdir Vedi Stepanakert Jermuk StepanakertKhankendi Ararat Jermuk Khankendi T U R K E Y Yeghegnadzor T U R K E Y Arpa Agri Arpa Berddzor Lachin Sharur Sisian H Goris Ha Dogubeyazit Sisian k Goris a a Dogubeyazit k r a i r i Angeghtun QubadliAngeghtun Maku Qubadli N a k h c h i v a n Impacts of climate change A Z E R B A I J A N Kapan Impacts ofChaldiran climate change Nakhchivan Chaldiran Aras Severe drought impacts Biodiversity loss ReservoirAras Severe drought impacts BiodiversitySiah Chashmeh loss Reservoir Early frosts Changes in fish population Early frostsMuradiye Changes in fish population Julfa Hail storms Forest pests, invasive species Qareh Zia od Din r Meghri Lake Van Hail storms Forest pests, invasive species tur Meghri Qareh Zia od Din o u Ordubad Lake Van Kot Ordubad Forest fires Desertification, erosion and soil degradation K Forest fires Desertification, erosion and soil degradation 0 25 km Flood risk Dry conditions I R A N Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2016 Flood risk Dry conditions I R A N Map produced by ZOÏ Environment Network, November 2016

Armenia scorecard

Country’s share of global emissions National climate policy actors Country’s emissions per capita General climate action ambition Policy leadership: Inter-agency Coordinating Council on Implementation of Requirements and Provisions of ­UNFCCC Mitigation commitment: Emissions reduction UNFCCC focal point: Ministry of Nature Protection Decoupling from population growth Decoupling from economic growth GHG inventory: Project based, UNDP Climate Change Programme unit Renewable energy prospects

Adaptation action Greenhouse gas emissions and projections for Armenia Million tonnes 25

20 INDC average*

15

10

5

0 Projections

1990 1995 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 -5

Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste Land use, land use change and forestry Conditional Unconditional

Projections are based on Armenia's 3rd National Communication and INDC

* Total aggregate Armenia contribution under INDC equals 633 million tCO2e for the period of 2015-2050 © Zoï Environment Network (2017)

Although Armenia’s energy intensity is still high due to its high An important milestone for Armenia was joining the Eastern rate of energy losses and obsolete energy infrastructure, the en- Energy Efficiency and Environment Partnership (E5P) ergy intensity of GDP has declined by 50 per cent since 2000, agreement, which enables the country to access grant funds of partly due to Armenia’s improved energy sector policies. Import- €20 million. The funds are targeted for priority municipal energy ed natural gas has a strong role in energy supply. Armenia is efficiency and environmental projects, such as the rehabilitation the only country in South to produce nuclear energy of water and wastewater systems, solid waste management, (31 per cent of energy supply in 2014). The share of renewable street lighting and the insulation of public buildings. The first energy in electricity production is on the increase and it provides grant for energy efficient street lightning was signed in 2015. approximately one third of the country’s needs in electricity. International financial institutions – including EBRD, FMO, IFC, The National programme for energy savings and renewable en- KfW, the World Bank and the Development Bank of Austria – ergy and Action plan identify specific activities in residential build- have financed the establishment of lending organizations that ings, services, manufacturing, transport, and water sectors. The provide credits for sustainable energy development to private Renewable energy roadmap (2011) aims for a 16 per cent share businesses and entrepreneurs in Armenia. of renewables in total energy generation in the long term. Within the EU ClimaEast project Armenia implemented a proj- Armenia is planning to apply an ecosystem approach for adapt- ect on sustainable forest and pasture management for climate ing to climate change. The country has identified natural eco- change mitigation and adaptation. systems, health, water, agriculture, energy, human settlements and infrastructure, and tourism as priority sectors for adaptation. These form the basis for Armenia’s adaptation strategy and na- tional adaptation plan, which are still to be developed. Sources of information for the scorecard National strategies and information materials: Renewable Resources and Energy Efficiency Fund, Eastern Europe Energy Efficiency and Environ- ment Partnership, Climate Change Information Center; Third national com- Climate finance munication (2015); First biennial update report under the UNFCCC (2016); INDC (2015) Armenia has established a revolving investment fund for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Environmental fees from com- EU ClimaEast project panies using natural resources and having an impact on the envi- ronment maintain the fund. The country also applies a tariff policy Analytical materials and expertise of Zoï Environment Network, as well as to promote and attract investment to renewable energy. Prefer- Armenian organizations and experts ential tariffs are set for power generated by small hydropower plants, wind turbines and biogas units as well as small-scale co- This publication has been pro- duced with the assistance of the generation units. European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole The Renewable Energy and Energy Savings Fund – financed responsibility of the authors and by the World Bank and GEF – implements loan and grant pro- can in no way be taken to reflect grammes. It promotes market development and the use of clean, the views of the European Union. efficient and affordable heating technologies, and supports ener- The designations employed and the presentation do not imply the expression of gy efficiency upgrades in public buildings. The fund has renovat- any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or ed central-heating systems in schools and has provided loans to region or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. small hydropower plants.