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Description of Ten New Lobophora Species from the Bismarck Sea (Papua New Guinea)

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Description of Ten New Lobophora Species from the Bismarck Sea (Papua New Guinea) Phycological Research 2019; 67: 228–238 doi: 10.1111/pre.12372 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... Description of ten new Lobophora species from the Bismarck Sea (Papua New Guinea) Christophe Vieira ,1* Olivier De Clerck,1 Laurent Millet2 and Claude E. Payri2 1Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium and 2UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, UR, CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France ........................................................................................ 2005). The two districts (referred to as localities hereafter) SUMMARY where the expeditions took place are located 670 km apart, and are under the influence of different currents. Situated on Sampling in the framework of the research program called ‘La the northeastern mainland coast of Papua New Guinea, ’ Planète Revisitée in Kavieng and Madang (Papua New Madang experiences oceanic influences from the Bismarck Guinea) brought thus far unknown diversity of the brown algal Sea, and major currents from the Dampier Strait (exchanging genus Lobophora to the surface. DNA-assisted alpha taxon- omy allowed identifying the presence of 16 species Lobophora water with the Solomon Sea). While, Kavieng, located in the fl from these two localities, which only share four species in north east of New Ireland Island, experiences oceanic in u- common. Ten species are newly described, including four, ences from both the Bismarck Sea and Western Pacific which are only known to the Bismarck Sea. A more exhaustive Ocean. sampling across the Bismarck Sea, and more largely across The marine flora of the Bismarck Sea is still poorly docu- the Coral Triangle, will very likely unveil an even greater diver- mented with a total of 305 species records of seaweeds, iden- sity. The present study underscores the fragmentary nature of tified based on morphological characters (Coppejans & Millar our knowledge of macroalgal diversity in this region. 2000; Coppejans et al. 2001a, b). Prior Vieira et al. (2016, 2017), a single species of Lobophora, namely L. variegata, Key words: Bismarck Sea, cox3, diversity, Lobophora, New was recorded by Coppejans et al. (2001a). The presence of Ireland, Papua New Guinea, psbA, rbcL. the latter in Papua New Guinea is nevertheless questionable, ........................................................................................ as it has only been confirmed to occur in the Greater Carib- bean, based on molecular data. INTRODUCTION DNA sequencing accelerated species discovery to the level MATERIALS AND METHODS where taxonomists have difficulties to keep up with the description of new taxa. For many taxa this results in a grow- Taxon sampling ing gap between the numbers of molecular entities identified Lobophora specimens were collected during two expeditions in and the number of species formally described (Padial et al. northern Papua New Guinea led by the last author as part of 2010). Indeed, one witnesses a shift in macroalgal taxonomy the research program ‘La Planète Revisitée’ (‘Our Planet towards more informal systems of naming taxa, where taxon Reviewed’): Madang (November 2012) and Kavieng (August– identifiers are used to communicate biological information September 2014) (Fig. S1 in the Supporting Information). and species are no longer formally described (De Clerck et al. A total of 87 specimens from Madang and 30 specimens from 2013). The brown seaweed Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeo- Kavieng were collected by SCUBA. Plant material was pre- phyceae), distributed in tropical to warm-temperate regions, served in silica for molecular analyses and ethanol or 5% form- forms a good example to underscore the problems associated aldehyde for morphological analyses. Herbarium specimens with historically underestimated alpha-diversity in seaweeds. were either deposited in the Herbarium of the Muséum national Until 2012 only six species were recognized in Lobophora. d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris (PC) or in the IRD New Caledonia Recent DNA-based studies revealed the presence of over Herbarium (NOU) (Table S1 in the Supporting Information). 100 evolutionary taxonomic units from across the globe in tropical to warm-temperate regions (Schultz et al. 2015; Vieira et al. 2016, 2017). Today, less than a quarter of cur- Molecular and morphological analyses rently recognized Lobophora biodiversity is formally described Total genomic DNA was extracted from tissue samples dried (Vieira et al. 2016). in silica gel using a cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide The present paper attempts to bridge this gap partly by extraction method (De Clerck et al. 2006). Sequences were describing the species of Lobophora resulting from the research program ‘La Planète Revisitée’ conducted in Madang and Kavieng in Papua New Guinea, which surveyed the ......................................................................................... fl marine fauna and ora in 2012 and 2014. The Bismarck Sea *To whom correspondence should be addressed. is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, northeast of the Email: [email protected] island of Papua New Guinea and south of the Bismarck Archi- Communicating Editor: Wendy Nelson pelago and the Admiralty Islands (Fig. 1; Green & Mous Received 29 August 2018; accepted 9 January 2019. © 2019 Japanese Society of Phycology Lobophora from the Bismarck Sea 229 Fig. 1. Bayesian chronogram of the genus Lobophora, adapted from Vieira et al. (2017), based on the concatenated alignment of cox3 (610 bp) + psbA (919 bp) + rbcL (1360 bp). In green the species occurring only in Madang (M), in blue only in Kavieng (K), and in orange in both localities (M+K), shown in the map on the background. Posterior probabilities are indicated by colored circles (black: full support, dark grey: [95:99], light grey [90:94]). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] generated from the mitochondrial encoded cytochrome c oxi- Vieira et al. (2014) and two others belong to the ‘L. obscura- dase III gene (cox3), the chloroplast encoded ribulose-1,- complex’ (L. obscura3 and L. obscura8). Lobophora com- 5-biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) and the photosystem II plexes are defined as monophyletic clades composed of multi- protein D1 (psbA) genes. For details on the molecular ana- ple cryptic species. The genuine L. obscura (Dickie) C.W. lyses, including the species delineation and phylogenetic ana- Vieira, De Clerck & Payri was linked to L. obscura8 based on lyses, we refer to Vieira et al. (2016) and Vieira et al. (2017). a sequence of the type (Vieira et al. 2016). The remaining In short, we applied three DNA-based methods to delimit spe- 12 lineages from Madand and Kavieng correspond to unde- cies, namely the Maximum Likelihood implementation of the scribed species: L. sp5, L. sp16, L. sp18, L. sp28, L. sp29, GMYC model (Pons et al. 2006; Reid & Carstens 2012), the L. sp30, L. sp33, L. sp41, L. sp50, L. sp61 and L. sp82. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD; Puillandre et al. 2012) and the Poisson Tree Processes model (PTP; Zhang Taxonomic results et al. 2013) on the cox3 dataset. Morphological observations of Lobophora species included analyses of the external and We formally describe 10 of the 13 undescribed lineages internal structures of the specimens following Vieira (including L. obscura3) from the Bismarck Sea, species for et al. (2014). which we have collected several specimens: L. sp16, L. sp18, L. sp24, L. sp28, L. sp29, L. sp30, L. sp33, L. sp41, L. sp50 and L. obscura3 (Table 1, Table S2). We pay tribute to the sci- entific expeditions from the era of the ‘European and American RESULTS voyages of scientific exploration’ between 1764 and 1899 by A Lobophora species tree, inferred from the concatenated naming these new species after some of the ships from these alignment of rbcL, cox3 and psbA sequences, presented with expeditions. Bayesian posterior probability values, is given in Figure 1. Six- teen Lobophora lineages were identified from the Bismarck Sea, including twelve in Madang and eight in Kavieng (Fig. 1, DISCUSSION Fig. S2). As expected, none of the species is conspecific with L. variegata. In line with previous studies (Vieira et al. 2016, Species diversity, distribution and endemism 2017) we regard these lineages as distinct species. Two spe- cies were previously described, L. abscondita C.W.Vieira, This is first major taxonomic study within the coral triangle Payri & De Clerck, L. petila C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck in focusing on the genus Lobophora. In line with other studies © 2019 Japanese Society of Phycology 230 C. Vieira et al. Table 1. Descriptions of Lobophora species from the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea, including descriptions of the new species. Lobophora abscondita C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck Distribution: New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea Specimens: Pointe Bovis, Noumea, New Caledonia, 15 March 2012, leg. C. Vieira (IRD10198); Brun, Noumea, New Caledonia, 15 March 2012, leg. C. Vieira (CV3058); Ilot Laregnere, Noumea, New Caledonia, 15 March 2012, leg. C. Vieira (CV3060); Crouy, Noumea, New Caledonia, 15 March 2012, leg. C. Vieira (CV3076); Pointe Bovis, Noumea, New Caledonia, 15 January 2013, leg. C. Vieira (CV3088); Pointe Bovis, Noumea, New Caledonia, 15 January 2013, leg. C. Vieira (CV3091); Pointe Bovis, Noumea, New Caledonia, 15 January 2013, leg. C. Vieira (CV3096); Pointe Bovis, Noumea,
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