Ancient Hebrew Old and New Testament
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Demystifying the Number of the Beast in the Book of Revelation: Examples of Ancient Cryptology and the Interpretation of the “666” Conundrum
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive) Sciences 2010 Demystifying the number of the beast in the book of revelation: examples of ancient cryptology and the interpretation of the “666” conundrum M G. Michael University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/infopapers Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Michael, M G.: Demystifying the number of the beast in the book of revelation: examples of ancient cryptology and the interpretation of the “666” conundrum 2010. https://ro.uow.edu.au/infopapers/3585 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Demystifying the number of the beast in the book of revelation: examples of ancient cryptology and the interpretation of the “666” conundrum Abstract As the year 2000 came and went, with the suitably forecasted fuse-box of utopian and apocalyptic responses, the question of "666" (Rev 13:18) was once more brought to our attention in different ways. Biblical scholars, for instance, focused again on the interpretation of the notorious conundrum and on the Traditionsgeschichte of Antichrist. For some of those commentators it was a reply to the outpouring of sensationalist publications fuelled by the millennial mania. This paper aims to shed some light on the background, the sources, and the interpretation of the “number of the beast”. It explores the ancient techniques for understanding the conundrum including: gematria, arithmetic, symbolic, and riddle-based solutions. -
Information Processing — Text and Office Systems — Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
International Standard •3 8879 / INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION»ME)KflyHAPOflHAR OPrAHU3AL|Ufl FIO CTAHflAPTH3ALlMM»ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Information processing — Text and office systems — Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Traitement de /'information — Systemes bureautiques — Langage standard generalise de balisage f SGML) First edition — 1986-10-15 Adopted for Use by the Federol Government FIPS PUB 152 See Notice on Inside Front Cover —JK— 468 . A8A3 //152 1988 UDC 681.3.06 Ref. No. ISO 8879-1986 (E) Descriptors : data processing, documentation, logical structure, programming (computers), artificial languages, programming languages Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern¬ mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard ISO 8879 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 97, In¬ formation processing systems. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS &' TECHNOLOGY Research Mormatksn Center Gakhersburg, MD £06^9 This standard has been adopted for Federal Government use. -
Phenomenon, Vigilantism, and Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh's
‘THE SIMPLE JEW’: THE ‘PRICE TAG’ PHENOMENON, VIGILANTISM, AND RABBI YITZCHAK GINSBURGH’S POLITICAL KABBALAH Tessa Satherley* ABSTRACT: This paper explores the Kabbalistic theosophy of Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, and allegations of links between his yeshiva and violent political activism and vigilantism. Ginsburgh is head of the yeshiva Od Yosef Chai (Joseph Still Lives) in Samaria/the northern West Bank. His students and colleagues have been accused by the authorities of violence and vandalism against Arabs in the context of ‘price tag’ actions and vigilante attacks, while publications by Ginsburgh and his yeshiva colleagues such as Barukh HaGever (Barukh the Man/Blessed is the Man) and Torat HaMelekh (The King’s Torah) have been accused of inciting racist violence. This paper sketches the yeshiva’s history in the public spotlight and describes the esoteric, Kabbalistic framework behind Ginsburgh’s politics, focusing on his political readings of Zoharic Kabbalah and teachings about the mystical value of spontaneous revenge attacks by ‘the simple Jew’, who acts upon his feelings of righteous indignation without prior reflection. The conclusion explores and attempts to delimit the explanatory power of such mystical teachings in light of the sociological characteristics of the Hilltop Youth most often implicated as price tag ‘operatives’ and existing scholarly models of vigilantism. It also points to aspects of the mystical teachings with potential for special potency in this context. Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh (1944-) is a Chabad rabbi and head of the Od Yosef Chai (Joseph Still Lives) yeshiva in the Yitzhar settlement, near the major Palestinian population centre of Nablus (biblical Shechem). The yeshiva occupies an unusual discursive space – neither mainstream religious Zionist (though some of its teaching staff were educated in this tradition) nor formally affiliated with the Hasidic movement, despite Ginsburgh’s own affiliation with Chabad and despite his teachings being steeped in its Kabbalistic inheritance. -
The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Seminars Number 2
oi.uchicago.edu i THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ORIENTAL INSTITUTE SEMINARS NUMBER 2 Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu ii oi.uchicago.edu iii MARGINS OF WRITING, ORIGINS OF CULTURES edited by SETH L. SANDERS with contributions by Seth L. Sanders, John Kelly, Gonzalo Rubio, Jacco Dieleman, Jerrold Cooper, Christopher Woods, Annick Payne, William Schniedewind, Michael Silverstein, Piotr Michalowski, Paul-Alain Beaulieu, Theo van den Hout, Paul Zimansky, Sheldon Pollock, and Peter Machinist THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ORIENTAL INSTITUTE SEMINARS • NUMBER 2 CHICAGO • ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu iv Library of Congress Control Number: 2005938897 ISBN: 1-885923-39-2 ©2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2006. Printed in the United States of America. The Oriental Institute, Chicago Co-managing Editors Thomas A. Holland and Thomas G. Urban Series Editors’ Acknowledgments The assistance of Katie L. Johnson is acknowledged in the production of this volume. Front Cover Illustration A teacher holding class in a village on the Island of Argo, Sudan. January 1907. Photograph by James Henry Breasted. Oriental Institute photograph P B924 Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Infor- mation Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. oi.uchicago.edu v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................. -
AE Living Hebrew Bible 2.16.20
The Living, Material Bible: A Module on the History of the Hebrew Bible Jonathan Homrighausen1 This module aims to introduce students in an undergraduate Hebrew Bible survey course to the questions of scribal practices and material scripture.2 This assumes no knowledge of Hebrew. It was designed and taught for a two class sessions of a semester-long course that meets for 75 minutes each class. However, it can easily be adapted for other courses in biblical studies or Jewish studies, or expanded for upper-division or graduate courses. This module also draws inspiration from a forum in Teaching Theology & Religion on “teaching the materiality of scripture” and a module designed by Michael Freeman engaging similar questions regarding ancient Greek papyri.3 The goals of this module: • Relate biblical manuscripts to the complexities of the scribal transmission of the Hebrew Bible in different eras, its relation to textual criticism, and the concept that “the Bible” is not a static, unchanging, or perfectly transmitted entity, but constantly in flux; • Engage biblical manuscripts as windows into the materiality of scripture, or the entire life of a manuscript, often referred to as manuscript culture: their users’ religious and cultural lives, including the uses of manuscripts, the context of region and time period, the scribal practices used to create manuscripts, and the ritual uses of religious codices and scrolls; • Gain familiarity with the collections and archives of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript library. Before beginning this module, students will already have read essays from The Jewish Study Bible (2nd ed.) which supply a broad background: • Emanuel Tov, “Textual Criticism” (pp. -
The Valediction of Moses
Forschungen zum Alten Testament Edited by Konrad Schmid (Zürich) · Mark S. Smith (Princeton) Hermann Spieckermann (Göttingen) · Andrew Teeter (Harvard) 145 Idan Dershowitz The Valediction of Moses A Proto-Biblical Book Mohr Siebeck Idan Dershowitz: born 1982; undergraduate and graduate training at the Hebrew University, following several years of yeshiva study; 2017 elected to the Harvard Society of Fellows; currently Chair of Hebrew Bible and Its Exegesis at the University of Potsdam. orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-8504 Open access sponsored by the Julis-Rabinowitz Program on Jewish and Israeli Law at the Harvard Law School. ISBN 978-3-16-160644-1 / eISBN 978-3-16-160645-8 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-160645-8 ISSN 0940-4155 / eISSN 2568-8359 (Forschungen zum Alten Testament) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This work is licensed under the license “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Inter- national” (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). A complete Version of the license text can be found at: https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Any use not covered by the above license is prohibited and illegal without the permission of the publisher. The book was printed on non-aging paper by Gulde Druck in Tübingen, and bound by Buch- binderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. Acknowledgments This work would not have been possible without the generosity of my friends, family, and colleagues. The Harvard Society of Fellows provided the ideal environment for this ven- ture.Atatimeinwhichacademiaisbecomingincreasinglyriskaverse,theSociety remains devoted to supporting its fellows’ passion projects. -
01-Hebrew Alphabet
Table of Contents Section 1: The Basics of Hebrew Writing 1 The Hebrew Alphabet ............................................................................................................. 1 2 The Hebrew Vowels ................................................................................................................. 3 3 Syllabification and Pronunciation .......................................................................................... 6 Section 2: The Basics of Hebrew Nouns and Nominals 4 Hebrew Nouns .......................................................................................................................... 8 5 Definite Article and Conjunction Waw................................................................................ 12 6 Hebrew Prepositions .............................................................................................................. 15 7 Hebrew Adjectives.................................................................................................................. 18 8 Hebrew Pronouns ................................................................................................................... 22 9 Hebrew Pronominal Suffixes ................................................................................................ 25 10 Hebrew Construct Chain ....................................................................................................... 31 Section 3: Introduction to Hebrew Verbs and the Qal Stem 12a Introduction to Hebrew Verbs ............................................................................................. -
Hebrew in Action! Alef Booklet
Alef booklet/ Unit I Hebrew In Action! Alef Booklet Copyright © 2013 by Lee Walzer All rights reserved. 1 Alef booklet/ Unit I Alef-Bet Chart This is the Hebrew alef-bet (alphabet). Each letter has a name and makes a sound – just like in English. א בּ ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט Tet Chet Zayin Vav Hay Daled Gimmel Vet Bet Alef י כּ כ ְך ל מ ם נ ן ס Samech Final Nun Final Mem Lamed Final Khaf Kaf Yud Nun Mem Chaf ע פּ פ ף צ ץ ק ר שׁ שׂ Sin Shin Resh Koof Final Tzadi Final Fay Pay Ayin Tzadi Fay תּ ת Tav Tav 2 Alef booklet/ Unit I The letters are . Gimmel Vet Bet Alef 3 Alef booklet/ Unit I A letter to students Shalom Students, We put this Alef work book together in order for you to know and be able to produce the name of each Hebrew letter, it’s shape and the sounds it makes. You will learn all the letters in this unit though games and activities which we hope you will enjoy. One thing you need to do to have fun, is listen to your teacher’s directions so that you always know what’s going on and can make the most of each game. At the end of the unit you will take an assessment and if you do well, you’ll move to Bet level. Assessment? what’s that you might think. It’s a way for you and your teacher to figure if you learned all the material before you move on. -
Parshat Tetzaveh. Greek Letter Chi and Tav in Paleo-Hebrew
Parshat Tetzaveh. Greek letter Chi and Tav in Paleo- Hebrew Parshat Tetzaveh. Greek letter Chi and Tav in Paleo-Hebrew By Chaim Sunitsky Rashi[1] on Parshat Tetzave writes that the priests were anointed with oil, poured in the shape One would assume this is referring [כי.[of the Greek letter 2 to letter Χ[3] – 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet which sounds somewhere between English K and H[4]. This letter spelled χῖ in Greek, is usually spelled “Chi” in English and indeed if one wanted to write it כי in Hebrew, he would probably transcribe it as (where Chaf is intended without dagesh). Moreover[5], when Hebrew names are transliterated into Greek, Chi is used for Hebrew Chaf. In addition, if the Talmud meant this letter it becomes clear why it didn’t use an example of any Hebrew letter, as this shape is not found in Ashuri script of Hebrew. Despite all this evidence we find various other shapes offered by the Rishonim[6]. In fact in our printed editions of the Gemora only in Rashi on Kritot (5b) the printed illustration looks like an “X.” Some of Rambam’s editions (Kelei Hamikdash 1:9) also printed this shape, but the Frankel edition of Rambam[7] claims that neither Rashi nor Rambam had this shape in mind and it was changed later by some publishers[8]. Still, one is inclined to think that the correct explanation is that it is the letter X, and most Rishonim simply didn’t know Greek or have access to find out, and the correct tradition regarding the shape of “Greek Chi” was forgotten, despite the fact that it pertains to many halachot[9]. -
Living the Halachic Process Volume V
Living the Halachic Process Volume V LIVING THE HALACHIC PROCESS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR THE MODERN JEW Volume V Answer to Queries sent to the ERETZ HEMDAH INSTITUTE Headed by Rabbi Yosef Carmel Rabbi Moshe Ehrenreich by Rabbi Daniel Mann Living the Halachic Process, Vol. V Eretz Hemdah Institute © Eretz Hemdah Institute 2018 Additional copies of this book and companion source sheets for the questions in the book are available at Eretz Hemdah: 2 Brurya St. P.O.B 8178 Jerusalem 9108101 Isrel (972-2) 537-1485 fax (972-2) 537-9626 [email protected] www.eretzhemdah.org EDITORS: Rabbi Dr. Jonah Mann, Rabbi Menachem Jacobowitz, Rabbi Daniel Rosenfeld COPY EDITOR: Meira Mintz TYPESETTING & BOOK DESIGN: Rut Saadon COVER DESIGN: Rut Saadon with help from Creativejatin - Freepik.com הו"ל בהשתתפות המשרד לענייני דתות All rights reserved. However, since the purpose of this publication is educational, the copyright holder permits the limited reproduction of sections of this book for non-commercial educational purposes. ISBN 978-965-436-035-7, hardcover Printed in Israel The learning in this book is dedicated in loving memory and le'iluy neshama of the beloved friend of Eretz Hemdah Mr. Alfred S. Friedman who loved Torah, respected its scholars and was a man of many good deeds and chessed. In Honor of Rabbi Daniel Mann from the families of Roger & Rebecca Fine Milltown, New Jersey & Rabbi David and Dr. Julie Fine Modiin, Israel In loving memory of the Almosnino, Aljoya and Sabetai families, A”H who perished in the Holocaust. May their souls be blessed and counted among the righteous. -
Foreign Languages for the Use of Printers and Translators
u. Gmm^-mi'mr printing office k. K GIEGJij^^a^GlI, Public Pbinter FOREIGN LANG-UAGI SUPPLEMENT TO STYLE MANUAL JIICVISED EDITION FOREIGN LANGUAGES For the Use of Printers and Translators SUPPLEMENT TO STYLE MANUAL of the UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED APRIL 1935 By GEORGE F. von OSTERMANN Foreign Reader A. E. GIEGENGACK Public Printer WASHINGTON, D. C. 1935 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price $1.00 (Buckram) PREFACE This manual relating to foreign languages is purposely condensed for ready reference and is intended merely as a guide, not a textbook. Only elementary rules and examples are given, and no effort is made to deal exhaustively with any one subject. Minor exceptions exist to some of the rules given, but a close adherence to the usage indicated will be sufficient for most foreign-language work. In the Romance languages, especially, there are other good forms and styles not shovm in the following pages. It is desired to acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of officials and members of the staff of the Library of Congress in the preparation of these pages and, in particular. Dr. Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress; Mr. Martin A. Roberts, Superintendent of the Reading Room; Mr. Charles Martel, Consultant in Cataloging, Classification, and Bibliography; Mr. Julian Leavitt, Chief of Catalog Division; Mr. James B. Childs, Chief of Document Division; Dr. Israel Schapiro, Chief of the Semitic Division; Mr. George B. Sanderlin; Mr. S. N. Cerick; Mr. Jens Nyholm; Mr. N. H. Randers-Pehrson; Mr. Oscar E. -
Hebrew in Action! Alef Booklet
Alef booklet/ Unit II Hebrew In Action! Alef Booklet Copyright © 2013 by Lee Walzer All rights reserved. 1 Alef booklet/ Unit II Alef-Bet Chart This is the Hebrew alef-bet (alphabet). Each letter has a name and makes a sound – just like in English. א בּ ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט Tet Chet Zayin Vav Hay Daled Gimmel Vet Bet Alef י כּ כ ְך ל מ ם נ ן ס Samech Final Nun Final Mem Lamed Final Khaf Kaf Yud Nun Mem Chaf ע פּ פ ף צ ץ ק ר שׁ שׂ Sin Shin Resh Koof Final Tzadi Final Fay Pay Ayin Tzadi Fay תּ ת Tav Tav 2 Alef booklet/ Unit II Our next 4-letters are … Zayin Vav Hay Daled 3 Alef booklet/ Unit II A letter to students Welcome Back Students, Congratulations again! Now you know the first three letters in the Hebrew alef bet. In this unit you will learn the next 4 letters. Be prepared to use all the information you learned in Units I and II as you go through this booklet. Enjoy! Lee Walzer and Galeet BenZion 4 Alef booklet/ Unit II Table of Contents OUR NEXT 4-LETTERS ARE … .................................................................................... 3 A LETTER TO STUDENTS ............................................................................................ 4 The Letter Daled .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Practice writing Daleds ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Color in the Daleds ...................................................................................................................................................