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Devanagari Range: 0900–097F This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See https://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-14.0/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 14.0. See https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 14.0. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, online at https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, #45, and #50, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See https://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and https://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. Copying characters from the character code tables or list of character names is not recommended, because for production reasons the PDF files for the code charts cannot guarantee that the correct character codes will always be copied. Fonts The shapes of the reference glyphs used in these code charts are not prescriptive. Considerable variation is to be expected in actual fonts. The particular fonts used in these charts were provided to the Unicode Consortium by a number of different font designers, who own the rights to the fonts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/fonts.html for a list. Terms of Use You may freely use these code charts for personal or internal business uses only. You may not incorporate them either wholly or in part into any product or publication, or otherwise distribute them without express written permission from the Unicode Consortium. However, you may provide links to these charts. The fonts and font data used in production of these code charts may NOT be extracted, or used in any other way in any product or publication, without permission or license granted by the typeface owner(s). The Unicode Consortium is not liable for errors or omissions in this file or the standard itself. Information on characters added to the Unicode Standard since the publication of the most recent version of the Unicode Standard, as well as on characters currently being considered for addition to the Unicode Standard can be found on the Unicode web site. See https://www.unicode.org/pending/pending.html and https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html. Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 0900 Devanagari 097F 090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097 0 $ऀ ऐ ठ र $ी ॐ ॠ ॰ 0900 0910 0920 0930 0940 0950 0960 0970 1 $ँ ऑ ड ऱ $ु $॑ ॡ ॱ 0901 0911 0921 0931 0941 0951 0961 0971 2 $ं ऒ ढ ल $ू $॒ $ॢ ॲ 0902 0912 0922 0932 0942 0952 0962 0972 3 $ः ओ ण ळ $ृ $॓ $ॣ ॳ 0903 0913 0923 0933 0943 0953 0963 0973 4 ऄ औ त ऴ $ॄ $॔ । ॴ 0904 0914 0924 0934 0944 0954 0964 0974 5 अ क थ व $ॅ $ॕ ॥ ॵ 0905 0915 0925 0935 0945 0955 0965 0975 6 आ ख द श $ॆ $ॖ ० ॶ 0906 0916 0926 0936 0946 0956 0966 0976 7 इ ग ध ष $े $ॗ १ ॷ 0907 0917 0927 0937 0947 0957 0967 0977 8 ई घ न स $ै क़ २ ॸ 0908 0918 0928 0938 0948 0958 0968 0978 9 उ ङ ऩ ह $ॉ ख़ ३ ॹ 0909 0919 0929 0939 0949 0959 0969 0979 A ऊ च प $ऺ $ॊ ग़ ४ ॺ 090A 091A 092A 093A 094A 095A 096A 097A B ऋ छ फ $ऻ $ो ज़ ५ ॻ 090B 091B 092B 093B 094B 095B 096B 097B C ऌ ज ब $़ $ौ ड़ ६ ॼ 090C 091C 092C 093C 094C 095C 096C 097C D ऍ झ भ ऽ $् ढ़ ७ ॽ 090D 091D 092D 093D 094D 095D 096D 097D E ऎ ञ म $ा $ॎ फ़ ८ ॾ 090E 091E 092E 093E 094E 095E 096E 097E F ए ट य $ि $ॏ य़ ९ ॿ 090F 091F 092F 093F 094F 095F 096F 097F The Unicode Standard 14.0, Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 0900 Devanagari 094E Various signs 092C ब DEVANAGARI LETTER BA 0900 $ऀ DEVANAGARI SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU 092D भ DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA = vaidika adhomukha candrabindu 092E म DEVANAGARI LETTER MA 0901 $ँ DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU 092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA = anunasika 0930 र DEVANAGARI LETTER RA → 0310 $̐ combining candrabindu 0931 ऱ DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA 0902 $ं DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA • for transcribing Dravidian alveolar r = bindu • half form is represented as “Eyelash RA” DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA 0903 $ः ≡ 0930 र 093C $़ DEVANAGARI LETTER LA Independent vowels 0932 ल DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A 0933 ळ DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA 0904 ऄ DEVANAGARI LETTER LLLA • used for short e in Awadhi 0934 ऴ • also used in Devanagari transliterations of some • for transcribing Dravidian l South Indian and Kashmiri languages by a ≡ 0933 ळ 093C $़ publisher in Lucknow 0935 व DEVANAGARI LETTER VA 0905 अ DEVANAGARI LETTER A 0936 श DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA 0906 आ DEVANAGARI LETTER AA 0937 ष DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA 0907 इ DEVANAGARI LETTER I 0938 स DEVANAGARI LETTER SA 0908 ई DEVANAGARI LETTER II 0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA 0909 उ DEVANAGARI LETTER U Dependent vowel signs DEVANAGARI LETTER UU 090A ऊ These dependent vowel signs are used in Kashmiri and in the DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R 090B ऋ Bihari languages (Bhojpuri, Magadhi, and Maithili). 090C DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC L ऌ 093A $ऺ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE 090D DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E ऍ 093B $ऻ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE 090E ऎ DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E • Kashmiri, Bihari languages Various signs • also used for transcribing Dravidian short e 093C $़ DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA 090F ए DEVANAGARI LETTER E • for extending the alphabet to new letters 0910 ऐ DEVANAGARI LETTER AI 093D ऽ DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O 0911 ऑ Dependent vowel signs 0912 DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O ऒ 093E $ा DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA Kashmiri, Bihari languages • 093F $ि DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I also used for transcribing Dravidian short o • stands to the left of the consonant 0913 DEVANAGARI LETTER O • ओ 0940 $ी DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II 0914 DEVANAGARI LETTER AU औ 0941 $ु DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U Consonants 0942 $ू DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU 0915 क DEVANAGARI LETTER KA 0943 $ृ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R 0916 ख DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA 0944 $ॄ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR 0917 ग DEVANAGARI LETTER GA 0945 $ॅ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E 0918 घ DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA = candra 0919 ङ DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA 0946 $ॆ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E 091A च DEVANAGARI LETTER CA • Kashmiri, Bihari languages 091B छ DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA • also used for transcribing Dravidian short e 091C ज DEVANAGARI LETTER JA 0947 $े DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E 091D झ DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA 0948 $ै DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI 091E ञ DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA 0949 $ॉ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O 091F ट DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA 094A $ॊ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O 0920 ठ DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA • Kashmiri, Bihari languages 0921 ड DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA • also used for transcribing Dravidian short o 0922 ढ DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA 094B $ो DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O 0923 ण DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA 094C $ौ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU 0924 त DEVANAGARI LETTER TA Virama 0925 थ DEVANAGARI LETTER THA 094D $् DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA 0926 द DEVANAGARI LETTER DA = halant (the preferred Hindi name) 0927 ध DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA • suppresses inherent vowel DEVANAGARI LETTER NA 0928 न Dependent vowel signs 0929 ऩ DEVANAGARI LETTER NNNA 094E $ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E • for transcribing Dravidian alveolar n ॎ • character has historic use only ≡ 0928 न 093C $़ DEVANAGARI LETTER PA • combines with E to form AI, with AA to form O, 092A प and with O to form AU 092B फ DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA The Unicode Standard 14.0, Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 094F Devanagari 097F 094F $ॏ DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW Generic punctuation for scripts of India • Kashmiri, Bihari languages These punctuation marks are for common use for the scripts Sign of India despite being named "DEVANAGARI". They also occur 0950 ॐ DEVANAGARI OM as abbreviation signs in some South Indian scripts. DEVANAGARI DANDA → 1F549 om symbol 0964 । = purna viram Vedic tone marks • phrase separator 0951 $॑ DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA 0965 ॥ DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA = Vedic tone svarita = deergh viram mostly used for svarita, with rare use for udatta • Digits • used also in Vedic texts written in other scripts 0966 DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO → 1CDA $᳚ vedic tone double svarita ० 0952 $॒ DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA • also used to represent an anusvara following = Vedic tone anudatta digits indicating secondary svara-s in Samavedic texts • used also in Vedic texts written in other scripts 0967 DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE 1CDC $᳜ vedic tone kathaka anudatta १ → 0968 २ DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO Accent marks 0969 ३ DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE These accent marks were originally intended for Latin 096A ४ DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR transliteration of Sanskrit, but 0300 and 0301 should be used 096B ५ DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE instead.
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    JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA 455 Golden Gate Avenue May 15, 2020 San Francisco, CA 94102-3688 Tel 415-865-4200 TDD 415-865-4272 Fax 415-865-4205 www.courts.ca.gov Hon. Gavin Newsom Governor of California HON. TANI G. CANTIL- SAKAUYE State Capitol, First Floor Chief Justice of California Chair of the Judicial Council Sacramento, California 95814 HON. MARSHA G. SLOUGH Re: 2020 Language Need and Interpreter Use Study, as required under Chair, Executive and Planning Committee Government Code section 68563 HON. DAVID M. RUBIN Chair, Judicial Branch Budget Committee Chair, Litigation Management Committee Dear Governor Newsom: HON. MARLA O. ANDERSON Attached is the Judicial Council report required under Government Code Chair, Legislation Committee section 68563, which requires the Judicial Council to conduct a study HON. HARRY E. HULL, JR. every five years on language need and interpreter use in the California Chair, Rules Committee trial courts. HON. KYLE S. BRODIE Chair, Technology Committee The study was conducted by the Judicial Council’s Language Access Hon. Richard Bloom Services and covers the period from fiscal years 2014–15 through 2017–18. Hon. C. Todd Bottke Hon. Stacy Boulware Eurie Hon. Ming W. Chin If you have any questions related to this report, please contact Mr. Douglas Hon. Jonathan B. Conklin Hon. Samuel K. Feng Denton, Principal Manager, Language Access Services, at 415-865-7870 or Hon. Brad R. Hill Ms. Rachel W. Hill [email protected]. Hon. Harold W. Hopp Hon. Hannah-Beth Jackson Mr. Patrick M. Kelly Sincerely, Hon. Dalila C. Lyons Ms. Gretchen Nelson Mr.
  • RELG 357D1 Sanskrit 2, Fall 2020 Syllabus

    RELG 357D1 Sanskrit 2, Fall 2020 Syllabus

    RELG 357D1: Sanskrit 2 Fall 2020 McGill University School of Religious Studies Tuesdays & Thursdays, 10:05 – 11:25 am Instructor: Hamsa Stainton Email: [email protected] Office hours: by appointment via phone or Zoom Note: Due to COVID-19, this course will be offered remotely via synchronous Zoom class meetings at the scheduled time. If students have any concerns about accessibility or equity please do not hesitate to contact me directly. Overview This is a Sanskrit reading course in which intermediate Sanskrit students will prepare translations of Sanskrit texts and present them in class. While the course will review Sanskrit grammar when necessary, it presumes students have already completed an introduction to Sanskrit grammar. Readings: All readings will be made available on myCourses. If you ever have any issues accessing the readings, or there are problems with a PDF, please let me know immediately. You may also wish to purchase or borrow a hard copy of Charles Lanman’s A Sanskrit Reader (1884) for ease of reference, but the ebook will be on myCourses. The exact reading on a given day will depend on how far we progressed in the previous class. For the first half of the course, we will be reading selections from the Lanman’s Sanskrit Reader, and in the second half of the course we will read from the Bhagavadgītā. Assessment and grading: Attendance: 20% Class participation based on prepared translations: 20% Test #1: 25% Test #2: 35% For attendance and class participation, students are expected to have prepared translations of the relevant Sanskrit text.
  • Review of Research

    Review of Research

    Review Of ReseaRch impact factOR : 5.7631(Uif) UGc appROved JOURnal nO. 48514 issn: 2249-894X vOlUme - 8 | issUe - 7 | apRil - 2019 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT TRENDS FOR SANSKRIT AS A COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Manish Tiwari1 and S. Snehlata2 1Department of Computer Science and Application, St. Aloysius College, Jabalpur. 2Student, Deparment of Computer Science and Application, St. Aloysius College, Jabalpur. ABSTRACT : Sanskrit is said to be one of the systematic language with few exception and clear rules discretion.The discussion is continued from last thirtythat language could be one of best option for computers.Sanskrit is logical and clear about its grammatical and phonetically laws, which are not amended from thousands of years. Entire Sanskrit grammar is based on only fourteen sutras called Maheshwar (Siva) sutra, Trimuni (Panini, Katyayan and Patanjali) are responsible for creation,explainable and exploration of these grammar laws.Computer as machine,requires such language to perform better and faster with less programming.Sanskrit can play important role make computer programming language flexible, logical and compact. This paper is focused on analysis of current status of research done on Sanskrit as a programming languagefor .These will the help us to knowopportunity, scope and challenges. KEYWORDS : Artificial intelligence, Natural language processing, Sanskrit, Computer, Vibhakti, Programming language.