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2020 Language Need and Interpreter Use Study, As Required Under Chair, Executive and Planning Committee Government Code Section 68563 HON

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JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA 455 Golden Gate Avenue May 15, 2020 San Francisco, CA 94102-3688 Tel 415-865-4200 TDD 415-865-4272 Fax 415-865-4205 www.courts.ca.gov Hon. Gavin Newsom Governor of California HON. TANI G. CANTIL- SAKAUYE State Capitol, First Floor Chief Justice of California Chair of the Judicial Council Sacramento, California 95814 HON. MARSHA G. SLOUGH Re: 2020 Language Need and Interpreter Use Study, as required under Chair, Executive and Planning Committee Government Code section 68563 HON. DAVID M. RUBIN Chair, Judicial Branch Budget Committee Chair, Litigation Management Committee Dear Governor Newsom: HON. MARLA O. ANDERSON Attached is the Judicial Council report required under Government Code Chair, Legislation Committee section 68563, which requires the Judicial Council to conduct a study HON. HARRY E. HULL, JR. every five years on language need and interpreter use in the California Chair, Rules Committee trial courts. HON. KYLE S. BRODIE Chair, Technology Committee The study was conducted by the Judicial Council’s Language Access Hon. Richard Bloom Services and covers the period from fiscal years 2014–15 through 2017–18. Hon. C. Todd Bottke Hon. Stacy Boulware Eurie Hon. Ming W. Chin If you have any questions related to this report, please contact Mr. Douglas Hon. Jonathan B. Conklin Hon. Samuel K. Feng Denton, Principal Manager, Language Access Services, at 415-865-7870 or Hon. Brad R. Hill Ms. Rachel W. Hill [email protected]. Hon. Harold W. Hopp Hon. Hannah-Beth Jackson Mr. Patrick M. Kelly Sincerely, Hon. Dalila C. Lyons Ms. Gretchen Nelson Mr. Maxwell V. Pritt Hon. Eric C. Taylor ADVISORY MEMBERS Ms. Nancy CS Eberhardt Hon. Carin T. Fujisaki Mr. Kevin Harrigan Martin Hoshino Hon. Joyce D. Hinrichs Administrative Director Hon. Ann C. Moorman Mr. Michael M. Roddy Judicial Council Hon. Tam Nomoto Schumann (Ret.) Ms. Andrea K. Wallin-Rohmann Hon. Rebecca L. Wightman MR. MARTIN HOSHINO MH/DGD/icb Administrative Director Attachment Judicial Council May 15, 2020 Page 2 cc: Eric Dang, Policy Consultant, Office of Senate President pro Tempore Toni G. Atkins Alf Brandt, Senior Counsel, Office of Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon Gabrielle Zeps, Policy Consultant, Office of Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon Amy Alley, Policy Advisor, Office of Senate President pro Tempore Toni G. Atkins Anita Lee, Principal Fiscal and Policy Analyst, Legislative Analyst’s Office Tina McGee, Executive Secretary, Legislative Analyst’s Office Jessie Romine, Budget Analyst, Department of Finance Margie Estrada, Chief Counsel, Senate Judiciary Committee Mary Kennedy, Chief Counsel, Senate Public Safety Committee Eric Csizmar, Consultant, Senate Republican Policy Office Morgan Branch, Consultant, Senate Republican Policy Office Alison Merrilees, Chief Counsel, Assembly Judiciary Committee Gregory Pagan, Chief Counsel, Assembly Public Safety Committee Jennifer Kim, Consultant, Assembly Budget Committee Lyndsay Mitchell, Consultant, Assembly Republican Office of Policy & Budget Gary Olson, Consultant, Assembly Republican Office of Policy & Budget Daryl Thomas, Consultant, Assembly Republican Office of Policy & Budget Amy Leach, Minute Clerk, Office of Assembly Chief Clerk Cory T. Jasperson, Director, Governmental Affairs, Judicial Council Yvette Casillas-Sarcos, Administrative Coordinator, Governmental Affairs, Judicia l Council JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA 455 Golden Gate Avenue May 15, 2020 San Francisco, CA 94102-3688 Tel 415-865-4200 TDD 415-865-4272 Fax 415-865-4205 Ms. Diane F. Boyer-Vine Ms. Erika Contreras www.courts.ca.gov Legislative Counsel Secretary of the Senate State Capitol, Room 3021 State Capitol, Room 400 HON. TANI G. CANTIL- SAKAUYE Sacramento, California 95814 Sacramento, California 95814 Chief Justice of California Chair of the Judicial Council Ms. Sue Parker HON. MARSHA G. SLOUGH Chief Clerk of the Assembly Chair, Executive and Planning Committee State Capitol, Room 3196 HON. DAVID M. RUBIN Sacramento, California 95814 Chair, Judicial Branch Budget Committee Chair, Litigation Management Committee Re: 2020 Language Need and Interpreter Use Study, as required under HON. MARLA O. ANDERSON Government Code section 68563 Chair, Legislation Committee HON. HARRY E. HULL, JR. Dear Ms. Boyer-Vine, Ms. Contreras, and Ms. Parker: Chair, Rules Committee HON. KYLE S. BRODIE Attached is the Judicial Council report required under Government Code Chair, Technology Committee section 68563, which requires the Judicial Council to conduct a study Hon. Richard Bloom every five years on language need and interpreter use in the California Hon. C. Todd Bottke Hon. Stacy Boulware Eurie trial courts. Hon. Ming W. Chin Hon. Jonathan B. Conklin Hon. Samuel K. Feng The study was conducted by the Judicial Council’s Language Access Hon. Brad R. Hill Ms. Rachel W. Hill Services and covers the period from fiscal years 2014–15 through 2017–18. Hon. Harold W. Hopp Hon. Hannah-Beth Jackson Mr. Patrick M. Kelly If you have any questions related to this report, please contact Hon. Dalila C. Lyons Ms. Gretchen Nelson Mr. Douglas Denton, Principal Manager, Language Access Services, at Mr. Maxwell V. Pritt Hon. Eric C. Taylor 415-865-7870 or [email protected]. ADVISORY MEMBERS Ms. Nancy CS Eberhardt Sincerely, Hon. Carin T. Fujisaki Mr. Kevin Harrigan Hon. Joyce D. Hinrichs Hon. Ann C. Moorman Mr. Michael M. Roddy Hon. Tam Nomoto Schumann (Ret.) Ms. Andrea K. Wallin-Rohmann Hon. Rebecca L. Wightman Martin Hoshino MR. MARTIN HOSHINO Administrative Director Administrative Director Judicial Council Judicial Council May 15, 2020 Page 2 MH/DGD/icb Attachment cc: Eric Dang, Policy Consultant, Office of Senate President pro Tempore Toni G. Atkins Alf Brandt, Senior Counsel, Office of Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon Gabrielle Zeps, Policy Consultant, Office of Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon Amy Alley, Policy Advisor, Office of Senate President pro Tempore Toni G. Atkins Anita Lee, Principal Fiscal and Policy Analyst, Legislative Analyst’s Office Tina McGee, Executive Secretary, Legislative Analyst’s Office Jessie Romine, Budget Analyst, Department of Finance Margie Estrada, Chief Counsel, Senate Judiciary Committee Mary Kennedy, Chief Counsel, Senate Public Safety Committee Eric Csizmar, Consultant, Senate Republican Policy Office Morgan Branch, Consultant, Senate Republican Policy Office Alison Merrilees, Chief Counsel, Assembly Judiciary Committee Gregory Pagan, Chief Counsel, Assembly Public Safety Committee Jennifer Kim, Consultant, Assembly Budget Committee Lyndsay Mitchell, Consultant, Assembly Republican Office of Policy & Budget Gary Olson, Consultant, Assembly Republican Office of Policy & Budget Daryl Thomas, Consultant, Assembly Republican Office of Policy & Budget Amy Leach, Minute Clerk, Office of Assembly Chief Clerk Cory T. Jasperson, Director, Governmental Affairs, Judicial Council Yvette Casillas-Sarcos, Administrative Coordinator, Governmental Affairs, Judicial Council JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA 455 Golden Gate Avenue Report Summary San Francisco, CA 94102-3688 Tel 415-865-4200 TDD 415-865-4272 Report title: 2020 Language Need and Interpreter Use Study Fax 415-865-4205 www.courts.ca.gov Statutory citation: Government Code section 68563 HON. TANI G. CANTIL-SAKAUYE Date of report: March 2020 Chief Justice of California Chair of the Judicial Council HON. MARSHA G. SLOUGH The Judicial Council has submitted a report to the Governor and the Chair, Executive and Planning Committee Legislature in accordance with Government Code section 68563. HON. DAVID M. RUBIN Chair, Judicial Branch Budget Committee Chair, Litigation Management Committee The following summary of the report is provided under the requirements of Government Code section 9795. HON. MARLA O. ANDERSON Chair, Legislation Committee The study was conducted by the Judicial Council’s Language Access HON. HARRY E. HULL, JR. Services and covers a period of four fiscal years, 2014–15 through 2017–18. Chair, Rules Committee HON. KYLE S. BRODIE The report is divided into two key parts: Interpreter Use in Mandated and Chair, Technology Committee Civil Case Types and Projecting Future Language Need. Following the Hon. Richard Bloom passage of Assembly Bill 1657 (Stats. 2014, ch. 721), the study includes data Hon. C. Todd Bottke Hon. Stacy Boulware Eurie on court interpreter usage for civil cases. Hon. Ming W. Chin Hon. Jonathan B. Conklin Hon. Samuel K. Feng After reviewing all available data, the study recommends that the Judicial Hon. Brad R. Hill Ms. Rachel W. Hill Council (1) retain the certification classification of the top ten most- Hon. Harold W. Hopp frequently interpreted languages during the study period, (2) continue to Hon. Hannah-Beth Jackson Mr. Patrick M. Kelly monitor the usage of Hmong for possible future certification, and (3) explore Hon. Dalila C. Lyons Ms. Gretchen Nelson and develop a recommended credentialing process for certification as a Mr. Maxwell V. Pritt California American Sign Language interpreter. Hon. Eric C. Taylor ADVISORY MEMBERS Ms. Nancy CS Eberhardt The Court Interpreters Advisory Panel, on behalf of the Judicial Council, Hon. Carin T. Fujisaki will address the above recommendations and will present its findings and Mr. Kevin Harrigan Hon. Joyce D. Hinrichs recommended actions to the Judicial Council. Hon. Ann C. Moorman Mr. Michael M. Roddy Hon. Tam Nomoto Schumann (Ret.) The full 2020 Language Need and Interpreter Use Study is available at Ms. Andrea K. Wallin-Rohmann Hon. Rebecca L. Wightman www.courts.ca.gov/7466.htm. A printed
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  • The Death of Sanskrit*

    The Death of Sanskrit*

    The Death of Sanskrit* SHELDON POLLOCK University of Chicago “Toutes les civilisations sont mortelles” (Paul Valéry) In the age of Hindu identity politics (Hindutva) inaugurated in the 1990s by the ascendancy of the Indian People’s Party (Bharatiya Janata Party) and its ideo- logical auxiliary, the World Hindu Council (Vishwa Hindu Parishad), Indian cultural and religious nationalism has been promulgating ever more distorted images of India’s past. Few things are as central to this revisionism as Sanskrit, the dominant culture language of precolonial southern Asia outside the Per- sianate order. Hindutva propagandists have sought to show, for example, that Sanskrit was indigenous to India, and they purport to decipher Indus Valley seals to prove its presence two millennia before it actually came into existence. In a farcical repetition of Romantic myths of primevality, Sanskrit is consid- ered—according to the characteristic hyperbole of the VHP—the source and sole preserver of world culture. The state’s anxiety both about Sanskrit’s role in shaping the historical identity of the Hindu nation and about its contempo- rary vitality has manifested itself in substantial new funding for Sanskrit edu- cation, and in the declaration of 1999–2000 as the “Year of Sanskrit,” with plans for conversation camps, debate and essay competitions, drama festivals, and the like.1 This anxiety has a longer and rather melancholy history in independent In- dia, far antedating the rise of the BJP. Sanskrit was introduced into the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India (1949) as a recognized language of the new State of India, ensuring it all the benefits accorded the other fourteen (now seventeen) spoken languages listed.