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Excerpts from Worldwide Compoign Speech

Five Yeqrs of People's Wqr

I I a Following ore excerpts {rom the political power: revolutionary carried out in our homeland by the I moin speech given ot meetings held violence. The theory of seizing Peruvian people and the Communist oround the power peaceful road is guided 'Irorld os port"of the by the wrong, Party of Peru, by the invin- Worhwide Compoign to Support impracticable and revisionist. cible banners of Marxism-Leninism- i= the People's Wor in Peru. The Revolution is the overthrow of one Maoism, Guiding Thought of speech wos prepored by o Peru- class by another and the old classes Chairman Gonzalo. I vion living obrood who closely will never give up their political Let's look at some historical a { follows events in Peru. -AWTW power voluntarily, not even in the background. c worst crisis. The only way to deal The Communist Party of Peru, o SUMMING UP FIVE YEARS OF with them is to sweep them away the PCP, was reconstituted as a Par- i PEOPLE'S WAR IN PERU AND through revolutionary war, by ty of a new type, based on Marxism- THE CURRENT POLITICAL means of revolutionary armed force. Leninism-Maoism, Guiding SITUATION We should keep this universally Thought of Chairman Gonzalo, in valid principle in mind. other words, as a fighting machine PART ONE: SUMMATION OF We should also keep in mind one and not just an organising machine. FIVE YEARS OF PEOPLE'S of Marx's great teachings: If this hadn't been done, it would WAR "Once the banner of revolution is have been impossible to make raised, it cannot be lowered again." revolution. Without a Party there is Dear comrades. This means that the armed strug- no revolutionary general staff We will begin our exposition with gle must be organised and persisted leading the masses to seize power. a quote from Chairman Mao in. In order to launch the people's The Party is the principal instrument Tsetung: war in Peru the Communist Party of of the revolution, the heroic comba- "The seizure of power by armed Peru made the great decision never tant who leads the other two in- force, the settlement of the issue by to lay down its arms until com- struments, the united front and the war, is the central task and the munism is reached. armed struggle. highest form of revolution. This Founded October 7th 1928 by Marxist-Leninist principle of revolu- THE DEVELOPING PROCESS Jos6 Carlos Mari6tegui, the PCP tion holds good universally, for OF THE PEOPLE'S WAR IN could not consolidate as a Party of China and for all other countries." PERU a new type, because communist par- Chairman Mao teaches us that These five years of people's war ties have to undergo a process of there is only one way to seize represent a great epic, an epic being maturation. In the decade of the 45

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D 1960s Marxism and revisionism within the Party and smashed the war on May lTth 1980, a far- s clashed on a world scale. This had its other factions whose actions were reaching step that has opened up a ! reflection within the Communist not open and above-board. Thus, new historical period in Peru. F Party of Peru. Thanks to Chairman through a long struggle, this red fac- In conclusion, this is the historical tr Mao, the PCP rediscovered tion became the Party. The background from which a Party of d Mariiitegui. At that time great mass reconstitution of the Party can be a new type arose, mature, fit to seize movements were unfolding: between divided into three periods: power, reconstituted through fierce { June 1963 and February 1964 half a - From 1963-69 is the period of two-line struggle, whose basis of z million peasants mobilised spon- Deciding to Reconstitute, guided by unity as a Party is Marxism- taneously to struggle for the land. the strategic line of surrounding the Leninism-Maoism, Guiding a! Workers and employees carried out cities from the countryside. In 1969 Thought of Chairman Gonzalo. o\ massive strike movements, without it was agreed to reconstitute the Par- Now let's talk about the different Or any central coordination, and ty, taking as its basis of unity periods in the armed struggle in university students did the same. All Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Peru. of this contributed to the develop- Thought, Jose Carlos Mariiitegui First period - the Definition, in ment of a movement within the and the Fifth Party Conference. 1979. The launching of the armed Communist Party itself. - From 1969 to 1975 is the Ap- struggle took place in the midst of a The revisionists within the Party plication of the Reconstitution, two-line struggle against those who were expelled in 1964. After that, a guided by the strategic line of wanted to continue reconstituting handful of communists became a rebuilding the Party on the basis of the Party and convert the Party in- faction within the Party. Chairman Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung to an organising machine instead of Mao says: outside the Party there Thought to carry out people's war. a fighting machine. The Party, are other parties and within the Par- - From 1975 to 1979 is the under Chairman Gonzalo's firm ty there are factions. He also says Culmination of the Reconstitution, leadership, didn't split during this that all groups of people can be whose strategic line was to culminate struggle, because once their reac- divided into left, centre and right. the Reconstitution and lay the basis tionary positions were smashed Lenin taught that a faction is a for the armed struggle. those who opposed initiating the grouping of communists who fight With the Reconstitution com- armed struggle left the Party in- to apply communist principles in the pleted, the Communist Party of dividually, as revisionists. Thus a purest manner. lt was Chairman Peru under the leadership of Chair- new stage, a different direction, had Gonzalo who forged the red faction man Gonzalo launched the people's (Continued to page 70). 70

(Continued from page 45). theory of people's war, with the been defined. building of the revolutionary armed Second period - the Preparation, forces and with strategy and tactics. from 1979 to the beginning of 1980. 3. The Programme of the Com- The Party agreed on a series of basic munist Party. In essence, it is a ques- political strategies to carry out the tion of the stages of the Peruvian revolution. These political strategies revolution: complete the democratic were: revolution, begin the socialist L Revolutionary violence. The revolution and then carry out several Party deeply studied the writings of cultural revolutions in order to the proletariat's great teachers from achieve communism. Marx to Chairman Mao Tsetung, on 4. The building of the three in- subjects from the necessity of using struments. revolutionary violence to seize - Regarding the Party. The power, to the theory of people's strategic plan to militarise the Par- war, which is the proletariat's fully ty was decided upon. This is a developed military theory. universally valid contribution by 2. General Line of the revolution Chairman Gonzalo. Lenin said that and the military line as its centre. we lived in the era of imperialism With Maoism's contributions, and that imperialism would collapse Chairman Conzalo developed in the midst of wars. Chairman Mao Maridtegui's thinking and establish- said in the 1960s that we were ed the General Line of the Peruvian undergoing a period of 50 to 100 revolution. ln 1979 this line was years in which the world would be adopted by the PCP. has five It Shantytown near Lirrter. greatly transformed and that the aspects: parties should adapt themselves for a. The character of Peruvian tion; and a revolutionary united these transformations. Chairman society. Our society is semi-feudal front, for the purpose of the armed Gonzalo says that therefore, the and semi-colonial. Semifeudal, struggle, based on the worker- Communist Party must militarise I because of its vast masses of peasant alliance and including those itself, the Party should be the I peasants who are doubly subjugated classes that make up the people: the vanguard of these wars against im- a by the feudal lord and the land. proletariat, peasantry, petit perialism, developing actions from S Semicolonial, because even though bourgeoisie and national small to large, centring on the gun. our country is relatively independent bourgeoisie. Since Marxism - Regarding the united front. The = politically it is economically depen- understands that who is com- identity between united front and i dent on imperialism, especially U.S. prehended within "the people" can state was determined. They are the imperialism. Bureaucrat capitalism change, we'll see later who actually P same in terms of their class composi- is developing within this semi-feudal makes up the united front today. tion. For example, Peru today is {a and semi-colonial society. It is a d. The character of the under a landlord-bureaucrat dic- q monopoly capitalism tied by a thou- democratic revolution. As we've tatorship, that is, a dictatorship of o sand threads to feudalism and im- pointed out, the democratic revolu- the big landowners together with the perialism. tion must accomplish two great big bourgeoisie. The state is a reflec- = b. The character of the Peruvian tasks, directed against feudalism tion of the front the reactionaries revolution. ln its present stage the and imperialism. It is a bourgeois- enter into. The same thing happens Peruvian revolution is a democratic democratic revolution of a new type, with the revolution: the united front revolution to carry out antifeudal a New Democratic Revolution as is of four classes; this is reflected in and anti-imperialist tasks. With the Chairman Mao called it. the New State which has .already completion of this stage, the Peru- e. Mass line. There are specific arisen under the leadership of the vian revolution will continue lines for the different sections of the Communist Party, with the par- without interruption as a socialist broad masses of our people: ticipation of the proletariat, peasan- revolution, within which there will workers, peasants, women, youth, try and petit bourgeoisie. Today the be several cultural revolutions to intellectuals, etc. national bourgeoisie isn't in the continue the revolution under the To carry out the revolution united front, but the front represents dictatorship of the proletariat, so as military line must be made the cen- its interests as well. to achieve classless society, com- tre. As Chairman Mao taught, - Regarding the armed struggle. In munism. military line arises and is further the Preparation period the task c. The three instruments of the developed in the midst of war. In the arose of working out a Military Plan revolution. To make revolution period of preparation, following the to carry out the agrarian war. there must be a Communist Party as line laid out by Chairman Gonzalo, 5. The Decision to Form the First the leading and highest form of the PCP began to militarise itself, Company in the Course of Action. organisation; a revolutionary army putting the gun at its centre. The Once this political strategy was as the principal form of organisa- military line has to do with the agreed upon, it took material form 7l after 1982 with the heroic guerrilla cipal form of struggle, the armed these steps, the preparation, the action of the attack on the Ayacucho struggle, given expression in these overwhelming response, etc., are jail, which succeeded in liberating first 98 actions, and the principal carried out simultaneously several hundred prisoners of war. form of organisation, given expres- throughout the whole country. 6. The basic orientation. The Par- sion through these detachments. b) Plan to Unfold Guerrilla War- ty decided upon the basic orientation Highly mobile guerrilla actions fare, from May 1981 to December of developing the Party's militarisa- against the landlords began. For in- 1982. This plan has three moments: tion in the course of action, in order stance, a feudal estate in Ayrabam- - First moment: Seize arms and to carry out actions and form ba, July lOth 1980. Simultaneously means. Arms are acquired by attack- detachments. came the smashing of a position ing police outposts, and the means 7. The Plan to Launch the Arm- within the Party which failed to by attacking mines to seize ed Struggle. Three great watchwords understand that the armed struggle dynamite. were established: a) Armed struggle, was centred in the countryside and - Second moment: Shake the b) Workers' and peasants' govern- wrongly claimed that it was centred countryside with armed actions. The ment, c) Fight the new reactionary in the city and that the line the Par- main action of that time was the government. The revolutionary ty was applying was "Hoxhaist." At 1982 breakout from the Ayacucho struggle was put forward as a unity that time collective harvests also jail that we've already mentioned. of the countryside and city, with the began to be carried out. - Third moment: Hit the Enemy. countryside principal and the city Another important action was in This moment is extremely important complementary. It was agreed to in- Aysarca, December 24 1980. This because it represents the key link in cite the peasants to rise up for land was the first annihilation, that is, at- order to be able to achieve the leap and to carry the New State in a knap- tack on the enemy's living forces. to forming clandestine People's sack. The rules for launching the For the first time some reactionary Committees. In the face of the Par- armed struggle were established: elements hated by the people were ty's onslaught the police forces fled start out with harvests and invasions executed. the countryside along with the reac- (of landlords' land), guerrilla ac- ln this third period, the launching tionary authorities, creating a power tions, and boycott of the elections. of the armed struggle, the five com- vacuum. That's when the People's On April l9th 1980 the Communist ponent steps of any action were Committees arose. This period of Party of Peru declared war on the determined (determination of the dealing blows to the enemy involv- enemy. plan, forces and means, prepara- ed destroying feudal forms, direc- D Third Milestone - Launching the tion, execution and summation). ting the spearhead against the power armed struggle, a period which Platoons and special detachments of the feudal tyrants, or in other s lasted until the end of 1980. It com- arose. words, against feudal political - prehends the launching of the arm- Fourth Period - Developing Guer- power in the countryside. In F ed struggle, that is, the Initial Plan, rilla Warfare. This period, which December 1982 the reactionary tr and the beginning of guerrilla war- began in 1981, is the longest phase of Armed Forces (mainly the Army d fare. Chairman Mao said that every the people's war because it includes and Navy, as well as the Air Force) revolutionary war has three phases: the whole strategic defensive. came in to destroy the People's { strategic defensive, strategic Several military plans have been car- Committees and reestablish the old z equilibrium and strategic offensive. ried out one after another. political power. The bloodthirsty, a Militarily the Party had begun the a) Plan to open guerrilla zones, criminal Armed Forces organised 6 strategic defensive - which at the from January to April 1981. The ap- "mesnadas," armed bands who o\ same time represented an offensive plication of this plan led to opening massacred People's Committee q politically speaking. This period eight guerrilla zones and nine opera- leaders. In the Middle Ages the begins May lTth 1980 with the tional zones. Guerrilla zones are mesnadas were bands armed by the assault and destruction of a voting areas where armed guerrillas con- landlords to oppress the peasants. In station in a small town in Ayacucho tend with the reaction for political the face of this new situation, the named Cuschi, where the enemy was power. Operational zones are places Party instructed that these armed about to carry out its electoral farce where the revolutionary forces come bands should be annihilated. the following day. Thus, the new in, hit and retreat. In this period the Punitive actions were carried out road was opened up in deeds, the five steps to be carried out were against them at the beginning of emancipating road of the armed established: preparation, over- 1983, which impeded the reactionary struggle versus the reactionary and whelming response (initial battle), plan to organise mesnadas. oppressive road of maintaining the guerrilla warfare, coup de grace and c) Great Plan to Win Base Areas. old order through elections. complementary actions. Revolutionary base areas are the In less than l5 days, by the end of The strategic plans to open guer- essence of people's war. Beginning May 1980 98 actions had been car- rilla zones are established on a na- in 1983 a military plan with four ried out and the first detachments tional level; the Central Committee political tasks was laid out: were formed. These detachments works out strategic operative plans. - First task: the overall reorganisa- were, as Lenin said, armed groups Then, in each region the tactics are tion of the Party. without arms to lead the crowd. worked out and carried through in - Second task: the creation ofthe Something new had arisen: the prin- a decentralised way. Each one of People's Guerrilla Army, and the in- 72

corporation of the militia within it. reestablishment and counter- make it look like what is going on is - Third task: development of the reestablishment, the new political a struggle between peasants, when in front. In the countryside, the power developed, and there was also fact what they're doing is modeled Revolutionary Front for the Defense a great expansion and growth of the on "strategic hamlets" used in Viet- of the People was established. In the struggle in the cities. In 1984 the nam or the "peasant organisations" city, it was the Revolutionary Move- reaction unleashed a terrible blood- formed in Cuatamala under Yankee ment for the Defense of the People. bath. Thousands of sons and advisors. The reactionary Armed Thus the new state power is arising daughters of the people were bar- Forces have augmented their troops through the People's Committees, barically murdered and their bodies and established field camps. lt giving shape to revolutionary base thrown into common graves for wild should be kept in mind that the arm- areas and advancing the People's animals to feed upon. The "disap- ed struggle never proceeds in a New Democratic Republic. pearances" began - flagrant, straight line, but rather through ad- - Fourth task: the Great Plan. In disgusting murders carried out with vances and setbacks in which we can other words, the preparation of impunity. see that the principal tendency is strategic plans at the national level. d) Plan for the Great Leap. This development. In this Great Plan to Seize Base plan, part of the overall plan to seize The second campaign, against the Areas, the principal and secondary base areas, was worked out and elections, fulfilled its goals. Today axes were defined. The axis is the began to be applied in June 1984. Its the PCP is struggling to expand line of movement of the guerrilla political strategy is to concretise and throughout the mountain region, fighting. Four forms of struggle and develop revolutionary base areas. widening its guerrilla warfare, so I I methods were defined: Because of the electoral political that fluid guerrilla actions can ex- - Cuerrilla actions in the form of conjuncture the following cam- tend from Cajamarca to Puno. This collective planting and harvesting, paigns have been carried out: means developing the people's war. assaults, ambushes, seizures of - First campaign, beginning June In conclusion to this brief analysis towns, confrontations, prison 1984, to begin the Creat Leap and of the process of the people's war in breakouts and tactical street- win political space so as to make the Peru, we'd like to point out the fighting. new state the principal aspect in the following: - Sabotage. contradiction between the new one - The PCP is unfolding a people's - Selective terrorism, including ex- and the old one. In opposition to the war in the countryside and city. I ecutions and people's trials. continuation of the bureaucrat road - The Party has assumed its I - Psychological warfare, through through the elections, the Party put responsibility for the seizure of a agitation and mobilisation. forward the democratic road power, in accordance with Marxism- s Within the overall orientation of through armed struggle, not the Leninism-Maoism, Guiding this Great Plan to Seize Base Areas power of votes but that of the rifle. Thought of Chairman Gonzalo. there were two campaigns to Defend The reaction was saying "these elec- - The people's war has successes i= the People's Committees, Develop tions are against terrorism" and all and setbacks, but the overall trend the Base Areas and Build the Peo- the candidates took that up and is that it is developing. P ple's New Democratic Republic. united to struggle against the Com- - The people's war unfolding in {a The first of these campaigns began munist Party, which reflected the Peru aids the struggle in other coun- q in January 1983 and the second end- success of the Party in this cam- tries. o ed in April 1984. paign. - It can be seen that in Latin The most important thing about - Second campaign, from January America the conditions are ripe for =q the period of these two campaigns is to June I 985, to further develop the the application of Marxism- that the struggle was centred around beginning of the Great Leap and op- Leninism-Maoism. reestablishment and counter- pose the elections, with the slogans - The PCP is becoming the leading reestablishment, or in other words "Don't Vote lmpede and Prevent force in the democratic revolution counter-revolutionary war to the Elections."- and will become the recognised destroy the new political power and - Third campaign, beginning in vanguard and centre of the revolu- revolutionary war to defend it, July 1985, to further develop the tion. develop it and build it up, little by lit- people's war and oppose the new - Through the armed struggle the tle destroying the old outworn and government's assumption of office. Communist Party is being forged in reactionary order. In this period the This campaign is being successfully the furnace of war, where the poor struggle became fierce, and the three carried out right now. peasants carry the main weight of instruments of the revolution were We will take up these campaigns the war, a reflection of the fact that greatly developed: the ranks of Par- again in the second part of this ex- it is a peasant war led by the Party. ty members swelled greatly, position. It is the masses who make history. thousands of people joined the Peo- Today the reaction is carrying out - The main achievement won in ple's Guerrilla Army, especially forced regroupment of peasants. this war has been the new state poor peasants, and hundreds of First they wage campaigns of power. People's Committees sprang up. destruction and then concentrate - The Party carries out the policy During 1983 and 1984, through some of the peasants together in one of self-reliance, which means that the course of this struggle between place, under threat of death, to the people's war is a continuation of 73 the class struggle. Historical conditions demand this structure. Its essence is democratic - The Party applies the policy of modification. The militarised Party centralism. It is centralised in order deciding for itself, which means that develops in the midst of war, which to lead the war as a single whole it will not submit itself to super- allows three things: l) it gives rise to strategically and decentralised tac- powers or imperialism. war communism, which means an tically. The social composition of absolute lack of self-interest that the Party has changed. Today it has ON THE BUILDING OF THE creates a spirit that keeps the flames a membership of a new type, THREE INSTRUMENTS OF THE of revolution burning; 2) it allows basically poor peasants. Each Par- REVOLUTION capitalist restoration to be ty member has three functions: prevented, because it gives the Par- political, military and ad- Chairman Mao Tseiung teaches us ty absolute control over the army; ministrative. The Party member of that handling the three instruments and 3) it develops a militarised socie- a new type is forged in the war and well is a sign of correct leadership. ty, that is, the general arming of the develops the revolution by force of To build the Party, the army and people. arms wherever he or she may be, and the front, the Communist Party of The experience of the PCP shows with great disdain for death. Peru bases itself on the following the correctness of Chairman Gon- Third question: organisational principle: build organisation on a zalo's thesis. The Party matured system. This refers to the disposition political and ideological basis, in the through a l5-year process .of of forces for the purpose of war. To- midst of class struggle and two-line Reconstitution which was carried day the Party is working to cover the struggle simultaneously, for the pur- out with the clearly defined aim of region from Cajamarca to Puno pose of armed struggle to seize leading a peasant uprising. The Par- with continuous and sporadic political power. ty culminated this process by for- military actions, with the Party's Let's look at some aspects of the mulating a whole set of basic main Regional Committee located in building of the three instruments: political strategies to carry out the the poorest area. The task is to ad- l)Regarding the Party revolution, beginning to militarise vance through the mountain valleys, a) The ideological-political aspect. itself, putting the gun at its centre, spilling over through the jungle The Party applies Chairman Gon- and thus preparing itself to launch highlands and the headlands of the zalo's great thesis of the militarisa- the armed struggle. Then the Party rivers leading to the coast, while at tion of the Party. As we've said went over to carrying out armed ac- the same time carrying out work in D before, we have entered an era of tions, from small to bigger, forming the cities. { wars, we live in an epoch foreseen by detachments, then platoons, com- Fourth question: organisational o Chairman Mao, an epoch of 50 to panies, etc., forming its military work. The Party carries out open - 100 years of profound social units in the course of action and thus and secret work. F changes, and therefore we should building the heroic People's Guer- c) The aspect of leadership. The tr il prepare ourselves to take up dif- rilla Army. Party has a leadership system. In ad- o ferent forms of struggle. It has to be In this way, the Party has been dition to the Central Committee, taken into account that even after carrying through its militarisation in there is a Political Bureau, a Perma- € imperialism is defeated, there will the course of war, making itself fit, nent Committee and the Chairman- z still be capitalism. The proletariat as Chairman Mao taught, to fulfill ship of the Party. will definitively consolidate its the proletariat's responsibilities to d) The aspect of two-line struggle. I political power. This is the strategic lead the revolution in this era of wars Within the Communist Party of qr6 offensive of the world revolution. and great transformations in which Peru the red line, the Marxist- Since it is an era of wars and great imperialism is hastening towards its Leninist-Maoist line, is in com- d= transformations, the Party ruin and in which the main trend is mand. Its highest expression is undergoes changes which lead to its revolution. Chairman Gonzalo. Rightism, modification, its militarisation. b) The organisational aspect. which is the main danger, is dealt Let us recall that Marx spoke of Let's consider four questions: with by decapitation, which means the necessity for the proletariat to First question: concentric con- that the right is not allowed to raise constitute itself into a Party. Lenin struction. The Party in arms leads its head; it must be made to trod on taught the construction of a Party of the army absolutely, it is the army's its own black banners and defend its a new type. Chairman Mao showed backbone. The army is the backbone communist qualifications. how to build a Party in relation to of the state and the state is led by the e) The aspect of mass work. The the united front and the armed Party through what is at this point Party aims to organise new struggle. Today, Chairman Gonzalo a joint dictatorship of three classes, organisms which can resist reac- says: the Party must be militarised. the proletariat, the peasantry and tionary attacks. The communist parties must the petit bourgeoisie. The state is 2) Regarding the People's Guer- militarise themselves, that is, taking built according to the three-thirds rilla Army into account the unevenly develop- policy, that is one third of its The People's Guerrilla Army was ing revolutionary situation, the par- members are communists, one third created out of political necessity. It ties must be constituted or are peasants and one third pro- is made up of three forces: the main reconstituted with the rifle at their gressives. forces, the local forces and the com- centre and go over to armed actions. Second question: organisational munity forces. This has allowed the 74

Wall mural, San Francisco Bay Area.

revolutionary forces to multiply and arms because it doesn't want to mor- the People's New Democratic contend with the reactionary Arm- tgage the revolution. The Party Republic Organising Committee ed Forces. The People's Guerrilla relies on the masses; Peru's revolu- which has three tasks: leadership, Army is absolutely led by the Party tion is being carried out with planning and building. and has three functions: to fight, dynamite. Little by little, the reac- In the countryside political, produce and mobilize. To mobilize tion's arms will end up and are en- economic, military and cultural bas- means carrying out propaganda ding up in the hands of the people. tions of the revolution are being among the masses, mobilising them 3)Regording the Stote created. The New Democracy is face and arming them. Today there are People's Com- to face with the old one. The social s The militia has been incorporated mittees which exercise real state life of the masses, production, the aI into the People's Guerrilla Army. functions, which give shape to a new administration of justice, com- o\ Lenin said that the state is a people's state system through the joint dic- merce, education, recreation, etc. is militia that fulfills three functions: tatorship under the leadership ofthe being organised. Today it has e the functions of an army, a police Party as the representative of the become necessary to formulate Iaws force and an administration. This proletariat, a new system ofgovern- regarding the land and the people's ! was aimed at preventing the forma- ment, of the organisation of power, rights. New production and social o tion of castes. Nevertheless Lenin based on assemblies. There is a relations are coming into being step h had to create the Red Army because representatives' assembly, made up by step. {a l4 foreign armies invaded the Soviet of delegates of the various organisa- The Party sees to it that the under- tr Union. The Red Army developed so tions that arise. This assembly elects dogs seize power, that the masses o greatly that today, when revisionism the five clandestine commissioners themselves give rise to people who has transformed the Soviet Union who make up the executive. These can carry out state functions. = into a social-imperialist superpower, commissioners are: As a conclusion to this brief it is a powerful aggressive apparatus The Political Commissioner, who analysis of the building of the three centred on guns. The left within the is a Party member. instruments of the revolution, we Communist Party of China put for- The Security Commissioner, a would say the following: ward that the Party should control Party member who coordinates The armed struggle is giving rise the militia and then swallow up the responses to the reaction together to new things. The PCP, understan- army, as Lenin had proposed. with the People's Guerrilla Army. ding how to lead newly arising Military men who do not become The Commissioner of Communi- things, has developed its political vi- proletarianised, who are not trained ty Affairs, who is a peasant, and has sion. Today the Party is the heroic as communists, become tyrants. to do with trials, births, marriages, fighter who leads both the armed They think that the political power etc. struggle and the front. Of course, belongs to them and they end up The Front Commissioner, who is the work of construction follows the running feudal fiefdoms. Chairman a petit bourgeois, for example a fluid lines of war. Gonzalo, with great historical vi- shopkeeper or intellectual. He sion, has anticipated this problem organises the people into the IMPACT OF THE ARMED with the army and therefore he has organisations that are generated. STRUGGLE ON THE CLASS incorporated the militia within it. The Production Commissioner, STRUGGLE The building of the army is who is a peasant. Organises plan- Here we see how the reaction has primarily ideological-political. To- ting, collective harvests, etc. responded to the armed struggle and day there is not enough arms and The People's Committees in a the armed struggle's profound im- materidl, but the Party doesn't buy zone are joined together to make up pact on the development of the class 75 struggle in Peru. solidating," bragging that they reaction has ever faced. The Party The reaction, faithfully carrying would end the state of emergency will never declare a truce nor will it out U.S. imperialism's guidelines, and give political power back to the ask for one. The armed struggle is began by labeling the PCP "ter- civilian authorities. But since the war without quarter. There are no rorist." It should be kept in mind Party responded with a mighty of- deals. The development of new that the individual terrorism of the fensive in January 1985, they were things unfolds through the armed nineteenth century was condemned forced to postpone their "consolida- struggle, shattering the old order. by the great teachers of the pro- tion." In May 1985 the reaction letariat, but when the bomb has passed a law regarding the state of MARXISM-LENIN ISM-MAOISM become a weapon in the hands of the emergency and state of siege which AND THE ARMED STRUGGLE. masses, as it has today in Peru, it gave the Joint Command carte Now let's say a few words about the becomes a con'ect form of struggle. blanche against the guerrillas. Thus doctrine, the philosophical basis Then the reaction sent in the police, the reactionary Armed Forces have which guides the Communist Party as if they were fighting common come in to fight as the main forces, of Peru. criminals. At intervals they carried augmenting their troops, which, The proletariat, the last class in out three police operations which when they are scattered, are more history, a class whose historic mis- failed miserably one after another. vulnerable to ambushes. sion is to emancipate itself and all The purpose of these intermittent The United Left, for its part, mankind in order to achieve com- operations was to gather informa- headed up by the slimy and accom- munism, can do this because it has tion on the Party and find the guer- modaring Menshevik Barrantes, is in an all-powerful doctrine: Marxism- rillas. In January 1983 the reac- iavour of smashing the guerrillas Leninism-Maoism. Lenin repre- tionary Armed Forces came in, and defending the old order. sented the development of Marxism utilizing armed bands made up of This is how the reaction has to a new stage, the stage of feudal tyrants, petty tyrants and desperately tried to save the ruling Leninism. Chairman Mao Tsetung their followers. Later the Armed classes whose existence is menaced represents the development of Forces organised them into by the onslaught of the revolution, Marxism-Leninism to a higher stage, paramilitary units. When the Arm- unleashing criminal actions in- the stage of Maoism. Chairman ed Forces came in, they were faced cluding genocide which have led to Mao developed Marxism in its three with insufficient authority, a lack of the death of more than 10,000 sons component parts: philosophy, b economic support and problems and daughters of the people. political economy and scientific with the country's borders. They The armed struggle led by the socialism. The PCP fights for the { feared being drawn into a civil war. PCP has opened up the third period universal recognition of Maoism, so o In November 1983 the reactionary in contemporary Peruvian society, that the world will recognise F- Armed Forces began carrying out which means the destruction of the Marxism-Leninism-Maoism as the tr wholesale slaughter and genocide. three mountains which weigh upon ideology which guides the world About the time of the municipal our people: imperialism, feudalism revolution. Maoism means a univer- d elections that year the first mass and bureaucrat capitalism. The first sally valid school, current and stand. graves appeared and the "disap- period was from 1895 until the end The guiding thought of Chairman s pearances" began. In 1984 they of World War II; this was the begin- Gonzalo is the fusion of Marxism- e began carrying out a plan to sub- ning and development of bureaucrat Leninism-Maoism with Peru's reali- jugate the masses. They penetrated capitalism, led by the comprador ty. It is the key to the Peruvian aI into the People's Committees trying bourgeoisie. The second period, revolution. This guiding thought is o\ to group the peasants together in after 1945 more or less, marks the Chairman Gonzalo's and not a col- d\ relocation camps. Thus they carried deepening of bureaucrat capital, lective product. Forged in the out a militarised corporativisation. with the increasing presence of a reconstitution of the Party and The old state divided in two: the bureaucrat bourgeoisie. The third developed further with the armed bourgeois-democratic state with period, which began in 1980 with the struggle, this guiding thought has representative democracy, and beginning of the armed struggle, is made important, universally valid militarised corporativism which the period of bureaucrat capital- contributions: the strategic offensive ruled over 1090 of Peru's popula- ism's crisis and destruction. of the world revolution, the tion, both face to face with a rising Thus l3 centuries of reactionary militarisation of the communist par- People's New Democratic Republic. states have begun to be swept aside. ties, regarding people's war, the con- The Party is working to unleash This is the greatest and most far- centric construction of the three in- uprisings among the masses of reaching epic in our history. Today struments, the analysis of fascism, peasants imprisoned in the reloca- the exploited are beginning to build the analysis of bureaucrat capitalism tion camps. their own state. The Peruvian and the factions which collude and In July 1984 the government gave masses now have found their contend within the big bourgeoisie, the Armed Forces Joint Command vanguard and that is the main thing. regarding the two-line struggle, etc. the authority to fight the guerrillas The PCP is the definitive demand of To produce a universal develop- wherever they wanted throughout the oppressed, above all ofthe poor ment, a fourth stage of Marxism, the country. By the end of 1984 the peasants led by the proletariat. It is many communists in the world are reaction began to talk about "con- the most thorough challenge the contributing and working together. 76

This will give rise to a fourth stage. tional Communist Movement. rying out the orientation of 'stoke The Peruvian revolution has the bonfire, spread the flames, THE ARMED STRUGGLE AND received internationalist support, develop the struggle of the masses THE WORLD REVOLUTION especially from the RIM. For exam- principally as an armed struggle, and The world revolution led by the pro- ple, support committees for the let the repression spur us onward.' letariat through its communist par- Peruvian revolution have been In this way the people's war in our ties is a fairly protracted process. formed. The PCP is a Marxist- country continues to blaze defiant- The bourgeois revolution took 300 Leninist-Maoist party in arms and ly, expanding, spreading its roots years to take hold. The Communist that means that it has a greater and preparing for newer and higher Party of Peru calculates that it will responsibility because with the arm- tasks, guided always by Marxism- take 200 years to consolidate the ed struggle it must demonstrate Leninism-Maoism, battling for the proletariat's dictatorship, counting Maoism's validity to the world. emancipation of our people for the from 1871 when the proletariat first purpose of and at the service of the took power in the Paris Commune. THE PRESENT SITUATION FOR world revolution. Thus we are con- The world proletarian revolution THE ARMED STRUGGLE AND tributing and will contribute to the has had very important milestones: THE PERSPECTIVES FOR THE tasks of the RIM, more and more - In 1871, with the Paris Com- FUTURE willing and able to aid in every possi- mune. Marx put forward that the The development of the three in- ble way our glorious common cause: proletariat should have applied struments of the revolution, the Par- the emancipation of the proletariat more violence, which means dic- ty, the armed struggle and the united and the prevailing of communism tatorship. front, finds its expression in the new throughout the earth." tr - In l9l7 with the Russian revolu- state power. To develop the new, tion. With it a new era in the world three things are necessary: a) a cor- proletarian revolution began. rect line, that is, correct political and - In 1949 with the triumph of the military lines and specific policies; b) Chinese revolution. China establish- the development of organisational ed a New Democratic state under a forms; c) a great outpouring and joint dictatorship and went over to even overflowing of energy, because \ the socialist revolution. Thus the the old tends to reestablish itself I correlation of forces in the world within the new. The Party is bring- a changed in favour of socialism. ing all its forces into play to draw the 3 - In 1966 with the Great Pro- masses into organisational forms to letarian Cultural Revolution. It carry out the people's war, and z resolved the problem of the con- tenaciously and firmly escalate the tinuation of the revolution under the guerrilla war in order to expand = dictatorship of the proletariat. throughout the mountain regions oh Today we find ourselves in the and retake lost positions in the main a strategic offensive of the world Regional Committee. { revolution, in the period of 50 to 100 Today the latest events show that q years when the principal contradic- the People's War is developing and o tion is between the oppressed na- advancing. As the PCP said in its i tions on one hand and the super- May 1985 letter to the Committee of powers, imperialism on the other. the RIM, "Today the PCP is Thus the main trend in the world to- finishing off five years of people's day is revolution. Therefore one war. Through the course of these must dare to seize power, the com- five years it has carried out around munist parties must militarise 25,000 armed actions, in whose themselves, the oppressed nations, forge it has formed a People's Guer- whose masses play an important rilla Army which is the backbone of part in making history, must march the base areas of the new state as the main force led by the com- power, of the New Democracy munist parties. which is making its way among our In order to achieve communism people. The difficulty of this situa- all the oppressed must emancipate tion is concisely expressed by its cost themselves. The Peruvian revolution of 10,000 fallen in combat or'disap- is part of the world revolution and peared.' Nevertheless, despite the in- the Communist Party serves the tensification of this genocide being world revolution because it is inter- carried out by the reactionary arm- nationalist. This is why the PCP has ed forces, during the last year our joined the Revolutionary Interna- work has expanded into new zones, tionalist Movement, through which as well as persisting in the zones the Party is rejoining the Interna- where we began, so that we are car-