DECEMBER 28, 1973 25 CENTS VOLUME 37/NUMBER 48

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE A socialist program

· Socialist convicted in frame-up/7 · Defend the ~ttica Brothers'/10 In Brief

PUERTO RICO A COLON:Y, UN SAYS: A victory was and .Hellenic-American Society held a teach-in at Indiana scored by the movement favoring independence for Puerto University at Bloomington. Speakers included Nick Pet­ THIS Rico when the United Nations voted to declare the island ro,poulos, professor of sociology at Indiana University­ a U.S. colony. Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), and George WEEK'S The resolution, initially adopted by the UN Committee Lianis, professor of engineering at Purdue and a graduate for Decolonization, reaffirms the "inalienable right of the of Athens Polytechnic University. An editorial based on Puerto Rican people to self-determination and indepen­ their talks appeared in the campus dally two days later MILITANT dence." Discussion and a vote on the resolution, which entitled "Greece: Apparently a U.S. Engineered Coup." has been put offfor some time under pressure from Wash­ The following day, the two speakers appeared at a 6 British gov't imposes ington, came after strong protests by the Cuban ambas­ similarly sponsored teach-in at IUPUI. harsh antilabor policies sador, Ricardo Alarcon. The vote on the committee's 8 Kissinger lied about role report was 104 in favor and 5 against, with 19 absten­ in setting up 'plumbers' tions. Voting against were France, Britain, South Africa, 'HUMANITARIAN' AWARD: A picket line was held Dec. 9 Outrage over secret FBI Portugal, and the U.S., which objected to it as an intrusion 8 in front of the Olympic Hotel in Seattle to protest the into the "internal affairs" of the U.S. awarding to Senator Henry Jackson (D-Wash.) of thE plan mounts Albert Einstein Humanitarian of the Year award. 10 Defense campaign for While receiving the award from the Zionist-American 'Attica Brothers' DANIEL BERRIGAN FALSELY ACCUSED OF ANTI­ SEMITISM: The American Jewish Congress (AJC) has Technion Society for his "steadfast (iiefense of Soviet 15 Strikes hit Nixon's wage protested plans to present the Reverend Daniel Berrigan Jewry" and the state of Israel, the hypocrisy of it was just as clear as Henry Kissinger's Nobel Peace Prize, controls with the Ghandi Peace Award. The award is granted reports Militant correspondent Craig Honts. Miners convention chal­ by a group called Promoting Enduring Peace. Berrigan 16 Among the more popular chants were: "Einstein was lenges coal barons, gov't was a prominent opponent of the Vietnam war. The AJC objects to a recent Berrigan speech to the a man of peace, Jackson is a man of war," a:nd "Jacksor 18 Colo. Raza U nida Association of Arab-American University Graduates. is good for war, not for the Jewish people." confronts Democrats Berrigan characterized Israel as a settler-state seeking About 50 people participated, including activists from & Republicans a biblical justification for crimes against humanity. the Organization of Arab Students, Radical Arab-Jewish Alliance, Young Socialist Alliance, Communist Party, Rad­ 19 Texas Raza Unida Party Speaking of the oppression of the Palestinians, Berrigan ical Women, and others. plans big '74 campaign said, "the slave became master, and created slaves." Also 20 Why CP opposes Pales­ created was "an elite of millionaires, generals and entre­ preneurs. And the price is being paid by Israel's Oriental tinian self-determination SECOND TRIAL FOR ALLEGED BLACK LIBERATION Jews, the poor, and the excluded, prisoners." ARMY LEADERS: Joanne Chesimard and Fred Hilton, 21 Demand freedom for Rabbi Arthur Hertzberg, president of the AJC, responded described by police as leaders of the Black Liberation seven Chileans to Berrigan's criticism of American Jewish leaders who Army, face a second trial on bank robbery charges in 23 Why Puerto Rican Socialist "were capable of ignoring the Asian holocaust in favor New York City. The first ended in a hung jury Dec. 14. Party avoids political of economic and military aid to Israel." He said that The trial was marked by bullying as Judge Lee Gagli­ he had done as much as Berrigan against the war in discussion ardi threatened to gag the defendants, refused to allow Vietnam, and accused Berrigan of "old-fashioned theo­ their attorneys time to prepare the case, harassed sup­ 25 History of Left logical anti-Semitism." porters of the defendants, ordered the defendants removed Opposition when they tried to speak in court, and cited Chesimard's 28 Agribusiness vs. farm lawyer for c.ontempt when she protested these goings on. workers Chesimatd also faces charges in connection with a gun Holiday schedule battle in New Jersey between highway cops and herself 2 In Brief This IS the last issue of The Militant before our holiday and other alleged members of the B LA. 12 /n Our Opinion break. We will resume our regular weekly schedule with the issue of Jan. 11, 1974. Letters If you subscribe to The Militant and plan to move HAVE YOUR WAGES GONE UP 29 PERCENT SINCE 13 National Picket Line soon, don't forget that the post office does not forward '67?: The House of Representatives has passed a bill La Raza en Accion newspapers. Send your old address label and your new to allow cost-of-living pension raises to two retired World 14 Great Society address to The Militant business office at least two weeks War II generals. Generals Omar Bradley and Carl Spaatz will get 29 By Any Means Necessary before you move to ensure that you will not miss any issues. percent boosts, raising their booty to about $2,500 per Women in Revolt month. The 29 percent figure is the estimated increase 24 In Review in living costs since the generals' pay was raised in 1967. THREE BANKS YIELD ON LOANS TO SOUTH The bill now goes to the White House. WORLD OUTLOOK AFRICA: In July the National Council of Churches an­ No mention was made of cost-of-living raises to surviv­ ing enlisted men and draftees from World War II. Nor 1 Millions strike against nounced it was organizing a campaign to reverse the was provision made for more pay for the disabled, or high prices in France policy of nine U.S. ban~s found secretly lending money to South Africa. · to widows of men who gave their lives during "America's 2 Exchange on lessons of To date three of these banks have announced they will hour of need." -BAXTER SMITH coup in Chile cease. The three include Merchants National Bank of 4 Teachers' strike sparks Indianapolis, City National Bank of Detroit, and Central crisis for regime in Peru National Bank of Chicago. These banks were among 40 U.S., Canadian, and Eu­ ropean banks organized by the European-American Bank­ YOUR FIRST ing Corporation and lending $210-million to the white THE MILITANT settler-state. Their share of this was $2.5-million. ISSUE? VOLUME 37/NUMBER 48 DECEMBER 28, 1973 THIRD TRIAL FOR GARY LAWTON: Forty people SUBSCRIBE aOSING NEWS DATE-DEC. 19, 1973 gathered on the Riverside County, Calif., courthouse stepf Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS to protest the setting of a third trial for Gary Lawton Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS and Zarebu Gardner. The trial date is March 4. TO THE Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING The two previous trials on frame-up charges of killing Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., two white cops have ended in hung juries. MILITANT 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: Among those attending the rally was Nadine Owens, Editorial Office 1212) 243-6392; Business Office 1212) a young Black juror who pressed for acquittal in the ATTICA: The Militant supports the 'Attica brothers' who face 929-34B6. Southwest Bureau: 1107 l/2 N. We•tern second trial. frame-up charges stemming from the 1971 revolt. Follow Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Telephone: 1213) 463- the major legal developments and the defense campaign 1917. Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes -subscribe now. of address should be addressed to The Militant Business CAMPUS MEETINGS SCORE U.S. BACKING OF Office, 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. GREEK COUP: The Militant has' received reports of sev­ Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ eral campus meetings protesting the coup d'etat in Greece. Introductory ollar-S1/3months scriptions: Domestic: SS a year; foreign, sa. By first­ Sixty students attended a forum at the University of ( ) $) for three months of The Militant. class mail: domestic and Canada, S25; all other coun­ Washington in Seattle. The gathering was cosponsored. ( ) $2 for three months of The Militant. and three months tries, S41. Air printed matter: domestic ond Conada, of the International Socialist Review. by the Young Socialist Alliance and the Greek Student >32; Mexico and the Caribbean, S30; latin America ( ) $5 for one year of The Militant and Europe, 540; Africo, Australia, and Asia !including Organization. Speakers included Stamitis Tsitsopoulos, ( ) New ( ) Renewal USSR), SSO. Write for sealed air postage rates. a former linguistics professor at the campus, and George For tubscriptions airmailed from New York and then Kontanis, a participant in the 1965 student-worker up­ posted from london directly: Britain and Ireland, l1.20 ADDRESSNAME------______for 10 issues, l4.50 for one yeor; Continental Europe, surge in Greece and a member of the Socialist Workers ll.SO far 10 issues, l5.50 for one yeor. Send banker's Party. CITY ______STATE----ZIP----- draft directly Ia Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, london, Two teach-ins were held in Indiana to protest U.S. SE1 8ll, England. Inquire for air rates from london at 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. I 0014. the same address. backing for the Greek military. On Nov. 28, the YSA Signed qrticles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These ore expressed in editorials.

2 II Socialist grogram to fight back Energy crisis: monopoly· offensive to rob workers By CAROLINE LUND shell out moremoneyforless electricity. The current energy crisis is convincing Working people will suffer on the a growing number of Americans that job, as the capitalists take advantage the capitalist system and government of the energy shortage to cut back are totally incompetent to provide for on heat, light, safety standards, and the everyday needs of the majority of pollution measures. people of this country. Thousands of jobs will be lost. Rising This system is now unable to make unemployment will exert a downward available the fuel we need, just as pressure on all wages. last spring it proved unable to provide The energy crisis is affecting not enough meat and other foods at rea­ only the pocketbooks of working peo­ sonable prices. ple but the quality of life in general. In both cases it has been working Children will get less education, with people, consumers, and owners of the threatened school closings. The small businesses who have been forced already deteriorating environment will to pay the price and bear the sacrifices get worse faster. Competition for oil stemming from these shortages created sharpens the constant. threat ofinterna­ by big business. tional confrontations and war. With the current energy crisis we are seeing a new offensive by the cap­ Magnitude of crisis italist class and its government to grind down the living standards, real All indications are that this crisis Children freeze in classrooms, while heating companies get more profits through wages, and social benefits that have is a serious one and that grave prob­ higher rates and lowered pollution standards. been won by working people. lems are in store for working people for years ahead. cent. Twenty-five percent of the coun­ Even though virtually no one be;­ We are going to have to pay more An economist who testified Dec. 11 try's 220,000 gas stations areexpected lieves Nixon anymore, the president and take longer to drive to work. before the Congressional Joint Eco­ to close down, throwing thousands offered his explanation at a press con­ We are going to be paying more rent nomic Committee predicted unemploy­ of employees out of work. ference Nov. 18. He claimed, "We are and getting less heat. We will have to ment would rise to at least 10 per- The wholesale price index for No­ running out of energy today because vember jumped up at an annual·rate our economy has grown enormously of 21.6 percent, an indication of how and because in prosperity what were Truckers' strike has wide impact consumer prices will be climbing in once considered luxuries are now con­ future months. sidered necessities." Independent truckers conducted a However, on Dec. 18 Teamsters One of the problems is that there Nixon's energy chief William Simon nationwide strike Dec. 13-14 against President Frank Fitzsimmons an­ is no way of rmding out exactly how recently gave his opinion on the rea­ high fuel prices and government­ nounced that the union will demand serious this crisis ·is or how long it sons for the crisis: "We can continue imposed speed reductions. reopening of the national contract will last. None of the information re­ with a lifestyle we are accustomed to, The Dec. 14 Washington Post wage provisions to aid drivers hurt quired for answering these questions is but we will have to change our wa.ste- stated that "truck-related businesses by the fuel shortage. available to the people or even to ful ways." . . in widely scattered sections of the The union will ask for higher the government. As the Dec. 12 New In short, they say, the American country reported their operations wages per mile to make up for the York Times reported, "the Government people are to blame-we're living too way below normal or shut down." losses from the new 55-mile-an;hour knows nothing about the reserves of luxuriously and we're too wasteful! In some areas truckers continued speed limit The union estimates that oil and gas except what is voluntarily This lie has been contradicted with the strike for several more days, an average 10-hour run will now reported by industry organizations, revelations practically everyday show­ with Ohio drivers holding out the cover only 300 to 350 miles, instead on an unaudited basis with no pen­ ing how the oil monopolies ·and the longest. Ohio was the focus of the of the previous average of 500 to alties for filing false information." government are responsible for delib­ first truckers' protests that began 550. Furthermore, this is a worldwide erately manufacturing the current cri­ If followed through, this move Dec. 3. The Post reported that crisis. A recession in this country, if sis. drivers in the Ohio-Pennsylvania by the Teamsters would set an im­ it coincides with recessions in other It is confirmed from more and more area were labeled by authorities "the portant example for other workers capitalist countries, could have disas­ sources that: 1) Shortages resulting Vietcong of trucking." who are being forced to bear the trous consequences for workers here from inadequate refining capacity "We were fairly effective for just brunt of economic dislocations and overseas. could be foreseen years ago, but the caused by the energy crisis. a bunch of unorganized truck driv­ Still another danger stemming from Nixon administration did nothing ers," said driver Mike Saunders on the energy crisis is war. The wealth about it; 2) The oil monopolies have Interstate 70 in Ohio. One organization of independent and power of the oil monopolies­ always had a policy of restricting sup­ Teamsters union officials refused truckers, the Fraternal Association as well as most other monopolies­ ply to keep prices and profits up; to-support either the two-day strike of Steel Haulers, vowed to call are based on the superexploitationand and 3) the oil monopolies have been or the previous protest although another strike in January if the enforced poverty of the masses in the aided and abetted in getting their many Teamster drivers participated. truckers' demands are not granted. Arab countries and the rest of the stranglehold on the industry and the colonial world. Thus U.S. economic country by Congress, through such problems are closely linked to the pos­ giveaways as the oil depletion allow­ sibility ofwarwhenever these oppressed ance and tax loopholes on foreign peoples rise up to fight for their free­ profits. dom. - War danger also stems from the Meat shortage sharpening competition between the im­ Nixon and his gang tried to put perialist powers for control of oil and over the same lie in trying to explain other raw materials. Reporting from the meat shortage last spring. Agricul­ Paris on U.S.-European tensions over ture Secretary Butz told consumers the oil crisis, New York Times report­ the problem was that they were used er Clyde Farnsworth recently wrote, to eating too much. "Such competition ... [could] create But in that case too, it was revealed a whole series of economic problems, that the shortage was contrived by high Political tensions and ultimately, manipulations of the giant food mo­ in the view of many European experts, nopolies. Just as seven oil monopolies another world war." control 70 percent of all oil produc­ An imperialist war to maintain con­ tion in the world, so 50 food mo­ trol over resources in the Mideast or nopolies are estimated to control near­ elsewhere would inevitably turn into a ly 60 percent of the food industry._ nuclear confrontation with the Soviet Just as the oil monopolies deliberate­ Union. ly decided not to build any more re­ rmeries in the U.S., even though they knew demand for oil was increasing, Truc~er in Connecticut organizing support for two-day strike against fuel Why the shortage? Its; Everybody is discussing ·the energy so the beef monopolies de]Jberately shortage and what caused it. Continued on following page

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 Congress of labor needed How to fight against layoffs, Continued from preceding page ests of the vast majority of the people. decided to cut back on cattle-raising As long as production is for profit, last year to create an acute shortage rather than for people's needs, the of meat. corporate giants will have an interest Monopolies dominate every branch in creating artificial shortages, and in of the U.S. economy. They all op­ ravaging our natural resources and erate the same way: consolidating their those of the rest of the world with no grip over huge branches of an indus­ thought for the good of humanity. try, and then working together to As capitalism develops a higher and create artificial shortages to keep higher level of technology and orga­ prices as high as possible. nization, the contradiction between Both the meat shortage and the en­ production for profit and the needs ergy crisis demonstrate how monopoly of the people becomes greater and capitalism operates against the inter- greater. The rapacious methods of the monopolies have more and more dangerous and far-reaching implica­ tions, as the energy crisis shows. Many basic needs of the masses of people do not get satisfied under this system because they are unprofitable for private industry, which controls the major wealth of the country. These include such needs as fast, pleasant public transportation, safe workplaces, good schools, hospitals, housing, and child-car!! centers. The liberals say the monopolists can be controlled by the government through regulatory agencies, antitrust Shell workers struck last year to win higher safety and pollution standards laws, etc. But the role of the Nixon administration, the Congress, and the test to hustle votes, and then quietly plans and policies as secret as pos­ two capitalist parties in relation to operate behind the backs of the Amer­ sible, as demonstrated by the Penta­ the energy problem shows the op­ ican people in a plot with the mono­ gon papers. posite. polies to rip off the masses of Amer­ Watergate exposed the secret police­ The so-called regulatory agencies are icans as well as the masses of the state measures adopted by the govern­ in fact stacked by servants of big world. Congress does not represent ment in response to dissent against business, as is Congress. There are the people, but the exploiters of the the reign of the imperialist monopo­ no working people in these positions. people. lies. The standard method of disposing This plot is evidenced by the fact How can working people fight back? of "antitrusf' suits by a capitalist gov­ that both the corporations and the The most powerful force that could ernment was illustrated clearly in the government operate in secrecy- secre­ be mobilized in behalf of working peo­ ITT scandal. cy about all the most important things, ple and their allies is the trade unions. at any rate. The. oil monopolies keep What is needed in this emergency No confidence in Congress secret all the vital information on oil situation is for the trade unions to Working people ·cannot look to Con­ and gas reserves. They carry out se­ call a congress of the entire labot Mine explosions have killed many miners. gress for any way out of the energy cret multimillion-dollar deals among movement and all its allies. Such a Production for profit means monopolies crisis and all the other crises created themselves to maximize their control congress could discuss how to get to care more about cutting costs then pre­ by the policies of the monopolists. and cheat thepublic. the bottom of the energy crisis, the serving health and lives of workers. Some in Congress make noises of pro- The capitalist rulers keep their war problems of rising prices and layoffs, For Congress, crisis makes racism 'patriotic' Shielding themselves with the "pa­ coal or high sulfur fuel- thus cutting told they have to choose between chok­ whatsoever to prevent landlords from triotic" cover of conserving fuel, the the costs of pollution-control mea­ ing on bad air, or freezing and find­ thus gouging their tenants. House of Representatives has passed a sures. ing themselves in the dark. e On Dec. 17 the Senate voted to racist amendment prohibiting alloca­ New York Environmental Conser­ e Consolidated Edison in New York put off for another year legislation to tion of fuel for busing children to vation Commissioner Henry Diamond doesn't stop here, however. The com­ put stricter controls on exhaust fumes achieve school integration. tried to explain this concession to the pany has had the nerve to request a from automobiles. The House voted When Representative Bella Abzug utilities monopolies by saying, "We giant rate increase that would raise last week to put off the controls for (D-N. Y.) called the amendment "racist know the air quality might fall . . . the average customer's monthly bill two years. and demagogic," her remarks were or­ but weigh the alternatives . . . of hav­ by $4 to $4.50. This again means more money in dered stricken from the record. ing hospitals and power and the en­ Why? Because people are using less the pockets of the auto monopolists­ The hypocrisy of this busing ban is vironment suffer from a real power electricity these days to conserve ener­ who won't have to pay for the emis­ clear from the figures. Sponsors of the blackout." gy. The average person would no sion-control devices- and more soot ban said busing for school integration In other words-working people are doubt think this would mean people in the lungs of the people. was using 78 million gallons of fuel should have to pay less for using each year. This is nothing compared less electricity. But no, the arrogant • President Nixon has announced with the 337 million gallons a year rich use another logic. that the policing of radiation levels that will go to supplying the war ma­ "Obviously we can't absorb that from nuclear power plants will be chine of the hated Thieu regime in kind of a loss," said the Con Edison transferred from the authority of the South Vietnam -that is, at the present spokesman before the New York Pub­ Environmental Protection Agency to rate of fuel allocation to Saigon admit­ lic Service Commission. So they want the Atomic Energy Commission. ted by the U. S. government. working people to guarantee their While the EPA could not be trusted This is only one example of how bloated profits by paying more for either, the AEC has even less pretense the giant corporations and their using less! of being an independent agency de­ agents in the government are taking The Con Ed spokesman said he signed to protect the public. It is the advantage of the fuel crisis they them­ expected other utilities across the coun­ government's promoter of nuclear selves have created .in order to push try would follow suit. energy development. back the rights and living standards e Landlords are also doing their ut­ e On Dec. 11 California ended its of working people, including Black most to "save fuel" -that is, by dras­ four-year ban on offshore drilling for people. Here are some of the other tically cutting heat and hot water to oil and gas. This opens the way for a steps they have taken under cover of tenants. In New York, Bronx Borough repetition of the massive explosion of the energy crisis: President Robert Abrams announced an oil well off the coast of Santa Bar­ • Utilities in many parts of the he was "deeply alarmed by the po­ bara in 1969, which covered the area country are asking and receiving per­ Plenty of fuel for bombers, but not to tential for abuse of tenants in the cur­ with oil, killing birds and fish and mission to burn dirtier fuel- either bring Black children to better schools. rent crisis." But there are no controls fouling beaches.

4 high prices & fuel shortages and other burning questions. Such a the coal companies. of public works would both relieve congress could discuss how to fight One of the messages of UMW Presi­ unemployment and also help satisfy for solutions in the interests of the dent Arnold Miller at the recent min­ the crying need for low-cost, quality majority of people of this country. ers' convention was that all the coal housing, more hospitals, schools, child­ Delegates to such a congress could in the earth was not worth the life of care centers, mass transporta.tion. be democratically elected from the trade one miner. • A 100 percent tax on income over unions, from Black and Chicano com­ This is the spirit in which a congress $30,000 . could provide revenue to fi­ munity organizations, from plants of labor would approach the entire nance some of these projects. The jus­ where the workers are unorganized, energy crisis and the general dragging tice of such a tax is even more obvious from student groups, from the inde­ down of all conditions of life in this in the context of the Watergate dis­ pendent truckers organizations, from country. Human life and needs would closures of how Nixon and the rich small gas-station owners and em­ come first, not profits. get out of paying taxes. ployees, from women's groups, -from These are some of the other solu­ e Dismantle U.S. military bases and environmental organizations, from tions to the burning problems of the fleets throughout the world, and end workers throughout the oil industry - day that the congress of labor could military aid to puppet dictatorships itself. discuss and propose to fight for: like the &aigon regime. This would Such a congress would be much • To solve the problem of the mas­ save enormous amounts of both fuel more competent to confront and de­ sive layoffs and unemployment being and money that could be turned to cide on solutions to the issues posed created by the energy crisis, the work­ constructive purposes. by the energy crisis than are the hand­ week should be immediately lowered This wealth could be used instead ful of superrich who run the oil to 30 hours with no cut in pay. This to aid the Vietnamese, the Arabs, and monopolies, or their agents in Con­ would spread the available work to other oppressed peoples in developing gress. all those who need jobs. their resources and in closing the gap e All wages, Social Security bene­ between the poor and rich nations Business secrets fits, and unemployment benefits should that has been maintained by the im­ One of the frrst problems that would automatically rise with the cost of liv­ perialist monopolies. Mi'litant/Howard Petrick confront such a congress of labor in ing, so that working people don't have e The congress of labor would fight seeking solutions to the oil crisis is to bear the burden ol rising prices to close the gap between white and caused by the food and oil monop­ nonwhite workers, and male and fe­ the problem of how to find out all earth. the capitalists' secrets about the work­ olists. male workers, demanding equal pay They pit working people of this coun­ ings of the industry. What are the real • In addition, a massive program and preferential hiring for Black, try against working people of other . oil and gas reserves? How much fuel Puerto Rican, Chicano, and women advanced capitalist countries as well could be produced if refineries were run workers. as against the workers and peasants at full capacity? What are the problems of the underdeveloped countries. in developing alternative sources of Workers government And all the imperialist governments energy? How are the Arab countries The next major problem a congress are out to grind down the standard of exploited by U.S. monopolies? What of labor would come up against is the living of workers in their countries are alternative sources of energy? need for a political party representing to gain the advantage over thetr im:· The workers in the oil industry are the working class, to confront the cap­ perialist competitors. in the best possible position to assemble italist Democratic and Republican par­ The monopolists are ready to squan­ this type of information. Some of it ties on the political level. One of the der the entire resources of the world is available to them already, since first actions of a congress of labor in their ruthless drive for profits. They they in fact do the work-not the would be to move to the construction make it impossible to live a dignified, billionaire monopolists. Other types of a labor party. human existence. Their system is de­ of information could be found rela­ The only solution to the energy cri­ tively easily. sis, the meat shortage, inflation, de­ caying and breaking down, as shown by the crises and wars and nuclear Elected delegations of workers in struction of the environment, and threat that are multiplying in fre­ each plant, and for the industry as a threa~ of war is for the workers to take whole, could invite themselves into the the monopolies out of the hands of quency and in danger. managers' offices to have a look at their private owners and to set up a The growing crises facing this coun­ their books and records. workers government as well, to rule try reveal more than ever the need to If the capitalists object to making in the interests of the overwhelming build a revolutionary socialist party this information available to the pub­ majority. that can lead the working class and lic, they expose their own duplicity. The capitalists and their Democratic its allies to take power out of the hands The congress of labor could point out and Republican parties have no answer of these madmen and criminals. The to the country that the oil monopolists Militant/Cindy Jaquith to the crises facing this country. Their U.S. economy and the world economy have created chaos through their se­ Meat shortage and energy shortage were perspective is cutthroat competition must be totally reorganized on a so­ cret policies. The disastrous results both caused by monopolies jacking up with the other imperialist powers over cialist basis of production for human of their policies affect the lives of all prices. control of the fuel supplies of the needs rather than profits. of us, therefore representatives of work­ ing people should have the right to exercise control over these economic decisions. No shortage of oil for napalm, bombers The congress of labor could hold While Nixon administration officials rebels. For example, the fuel for U.S. public hearings to present information Now, with the war over, we are asked were telling the American people that to believe that while there was suffi­ bombers, and the petroleum thatwent gathered by the workers on the real they "waste" too much fuel on heating, energy situation. cient fuel for tanks, planes and trucks, into making the tons of napalm cooking, and driving to work, the there is not sufficient [fuel] for cars, dropped on Vietnamese villagers­ In addition, elected factory and of­ Pentagon announced that the U.S. is men, women, and children. fice committees could demand veto ·homes and industry. Phooey! I do providing the hated Saigon regime In addition, there are the. millions · power over unsafe working conditions not believe it." with massive amounts of fuel for its and any attempts bythebossestomake In his Dec. 11 column, Jack Ander­ of barrels of fuel used to maintain war against the peasants and work­ the workers pay for problems the capi­ son revealed that during U.S. B-52 the hundreds of thousands of U.S. ers of South Vietnam. talists have created. raids on Vietnam last January, troops at bases throughout the world, Each day the Pentagon sends 23,500 For workers in some industries, the 995,000 barrels of oil were shipped as well as the Sixth and Seventh barrels of oil (each barrel contain­ fight for safe conditions on the job to Saigon. Fleets, constantly cruising the seas. ing 42 gallons) to Saigon and Phnom­ In 1969, at the height of U.S. in­ will coincide with the struggle for pro­ penh for running tanks, bombers, and volvement in the Vietnam war, the The U.S. capitalist ruling class and tection of the environment. For ex­ other instruments of death and de­ Pentagon sent nearly 44 million bar­ its Democratic and Republican agents ample, the strike by oil and chemical struction. rels to Saigon. in Congress see to it that the Penta­ workers last year raised the issue of The hypocrisy of the government But even this does not show the gon has plenty of fuel for terrorizing the right of the workers to know what in supplymg fuel for war, while Ameri­ extent of oil gifts to the Saigon pup­ the world. That's how they choose to kinds of dangerous chemicals were be­ can working people are being pet regime, Anderson says, "for the use our resources and the resources ing secretly used by the chemical com­ squeezed, is most blatant. In the let­ U.S. supplies much of South Viet­ of much of the rest of the world. And, panies. ters column of the Dec. 4 Los Angeles nam's civilian oil needs too. These of course, working people have to The United Mine Workers union is Times, devoted solely to the energy figures, apparently, are known only pay for this destruction through high fighting for safety in the mines, and for crisis, one person wrote: to the oil companies." taxes. Now they want to make us pay ecological controls on the mining in­ "We have just fmished a war of And this doesn't even count the mil­ in still other ways for their system of dustry, since their homes and families many years that caused a shortage lions more barrels used by the U.S. war, economic chaos, and soaring are the first to be endangered by the of nothing except American lives. itself in its war on the Vietnamese profits. slag heaps and coaldustbelchedoutby

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 5 Bosses blame fuel crisis on miners British. gov't orders massive job, pay cuts By DICK ROBERTS But the British workers, like work­ work is also forbidden, which amounts British workers don't look at it that British workers are being hit with the ers in this country, have been sub­ to an additional 10 to 16 percent re­ way. They have taken the lead in harshest antilabor policies that have jected to a series of profit-gouging duction rn all pay, according to the the class struggle in advanced cap­ been adopted in a major capitalist government economic controls, so far Dec. 15 Economist. italist countries against ruling-class at­ nation since World War II. in Britain, Phases 1 to 3. tacks. "In 1972," reported the Dec. 19 Most of British industry has been In the British Phase 3, wage in­ New York Times, "a total of 2,080 ordered onto a three-day workweek creases are limited to 7 percent. But Labour Party reaction working days were lost in British la­ starting with the New Year. This prices are rising at nearly three times ln face of this massive attack on bor disputes for every 1,000 workers. drastic slash at jobs and wages was that rate. In October alone food prices workers the response of the parlia­ By comparison, the Italian figure was ordered by Conservative Prime Minis­ shot up 3.3 percent, an annual rate mentary British Labour Party has 1,680 working days. . . . In the ter Edward Heath on Dec. 13. of 40 percent. been typically "statesmanlike," that is, United States the figure was 870 work­ In less than a week the Conservative subservient to the demands of British ing days." government followed this up with the capitalism. Labour MPs have been announcement of the largest budget asking that the government economic Near panic reduction in British history and re­ measures include some penalties for The momentum of the British labor ductions on consumer credit. These the wealthy- higher taxes on the rich, struggle has sent chills down the backs steps can only lead to massive un­ laws against real estate specula­ of ruling classes, in this country as employment and recession. tion, etc. well as abroad. 'I)le Christian Science The immediate target of the anti­ They hope that such palliative steps Monitor declared from Boston, "The labor policies are 300,000 coal will make the "equality of sacrifice" stakes are high.... Under this [en­ miners, railwaymen, and electrical atmosphere easier to sell. This thought ergy crisis] is a social and political workers. Led by the miners, they have was perhaps best expressed by the decline which, if it turned into a rush, conducted a month-long slowdown in liberal capitalist journal, the Man­ could lead to national bankruptcy, a battle for wage increases above gov­ chester Guardian. "You cannot com­ anarchy, and even r·evolution. Brit­ ernment imposed limits, in order to mand a Dunkirk spirit in a casino so­ ain's crisis is that serious." catch up with spiraling prices. ciety," it declared. The Monitor's viewpoint reflects not "The cost of living in the first half A major argument put forth by so much the longtime affinity of the of 1974 looks like [it is] rising at labor spokesmen has been that the Boston Brahmins for the British aris­ nearly doubled the 9 1/2 per cent government should settle each of the tocracy as a genuine sympathy evolv­ reached in 1973," the British Man­ Striking miners face 'harshest antilabor union-employer disputes on its own ing from shared mutual difficulties. chester Guardian reported Dec. 15. policies since World War II.' merits rather than launch this frontal The declining industry in Massachu­ But the more basic aim of the Brit­ attack on all workers. Professor setts makes that state lag in the U.S. ish ruling class is to cut away at The cut in coal production result­ Nicholas Kaldor, a Labour Party· economy much as Britain lags in the the wages of all British workers in ing from the miners' slowdown, economist, argues that the new world economy. order to salvage a position for Brit­ coupled with the slowdowns of the economic measures would cost 800 In any event, the Monitor warns, ish imperialism in the struggle for railwaymen and electrical workers, times more than paying the miners' it would be the "greatest folly" for world markets. It was news of a fur­ and the indirect effects of the Arab demands. other countries "to allow themselves ther sharp deterioration in Britain's oil boycott have created an energy But these positions are far from re­ to think that Britain could go down balance of trade deficit- expected to crisis in Britain that may be even flecting the rank-and-file militancy of without harm to others. That is not reach a record gap of $3.5-billion this deeper than in the United States. the strikers and the hundreds of thou­ so. Western Europe, North America, year- that precipitated the announce­ But there, as here, it is impossible sands of British workers who support and Japan are linked together insep­ ment of deflationary economic poli­ to get at the vital facts about energy them. A New York Times correspon­ arably. What others can do to help cies. production, which are kept secret by dent in London complained, "The first Britain through this crisis, they had London has witnessed a huge de­ response of a working man here to an better do- for their own sakes, as the monopolists and their government. cline on its stock market- a loss of The Arab boycott is only indirectly more than $20-billion worth of paper affecting Britain, because from the money. The value of the pound fell standpoint of the Arab regimes the last week to almost $2.30, its lowest British government is supposed to get point in history. favored treatment for its allegedly pro­ 'It is hard to recall a gloomier mood Arab policies. than in the British financial press. It is the owners of the oil, above The London Times could only find all the U.S. multinational giants- Ex­ hope in the belief that 1974 was un­ xon, Texaco, Mobil, Socal, and Gulf­ likely to be as bad as the year of along with British Petroleum and the Black Death. Shell, that are actually determining who gets how much of the reduced Coal miners in lead oil shipments from the Middle East. The National Union of Mine Work­ And their policies in this regard- since ers has been conducting a slowdown, they are undoubtedly selling only to refusing to work overtime. There are the highest bidders at exorbitant profit 260,000 miners whose basic wages rates- are secret. (And, they may not range from $53 to $83 for a five­ have cut oil shipments at all, accord­ day week. Even with overtime the ing to the British Economist). average earnings of the miners comes to only $104. In any event, the effect of the coal slowdown on Britain is also ques­ tioned by unionists. Writing in The Times Dec. 17, David Basnett, gen­ eral secretary of the General and Mu­ Railway employees demonstrate. British workers have taken lead against capitalist nicipal Workers Union, noted, "First, attempts to drive down wages. no figures have been given publicly of the shortfall of supplies to the power stations and how much is due to oil appeal from Mr. Heath is not that well as for Britain." shortages and how much to coal short­ he is being called upon to help his If that is true for the world's ruling ages. Secondly, the figures that have country, but that he is being asked classes, it is all the more true for the been released show that so far about to help Mr. Heath, Mr. Heath's friends, working classes of the world. The sharp one week's supply of coal has been and all the people who benefit from intensification of monopoly competi­ lost, and we were told that we had Mr. Heath's friends." tion threatens to bring on increasing stocks for 14 to 16 weeks." 'T'he attack on labor represents an­ attacks on workers, sharper inflation, Nevertheless Heath's reduction ofthe other step in the attempt by the British more frequent and deeper recessions, workweek to three days was blamed rulin~ class to shift its problems onto with the real danger of these leading directly on the coal miners. It has the backs of working people. to international recession. already been accompanied by power The days of the British empire are cuts and the demand that people heat long since over. Throughout the post­ Only the triumph of socialism in only one room in their homes or war period British monopoly has the competing imperialist nations can apartments. been slipping further in the battle for bring a halt to this international cri­ The Wall Street Journal estimated world markets. The British rulers sis, which is increasingly eroding the that "when the three-day week takes ef­ would like to make up for this by living standards of workers the world fect Jan 1 ... about 16 million Brit­ drastic slashes in the- pay of work­ over. As a start on this revolutionary ish workers will face some jobless ers, reducing the costs of British path, American workers should give days." goods, and thus enabling British cap­ their utmost support to the struggle In terms of take-home pay, that is Italism to once more compete at home of their sisters and brothers in Brit­ Engineers march in support of miners two-fifths of it right there. Overtime and abroad. ain.

' 6 Socialist to demand new trial ·salm Kolis convicted on perjury frame-up SA~ DIEGO- Salm Kolis was con- Socialist Workers Party. victed Dec. 17 on a frame-up charge Both Marshall and her father, John of perjury. Sentencing is scheduled for Gamber, testified against Kolis at the Jan. 14. Kolis faces a maximum sen- trial. tence of 14 years in prison. After tes«ifying, however, Marshall The day' after the verdict was an- approached the defense committee and nounced, the Committee to Defend explained that the whole thing began Salm Kolis ( CDSK) held a news con- when the district attorney's office con- ference here to announce. plans for an tacted her father and asked if "he was appeal. The committee also made pub- aware" that his daughter had been lie new evidence showing that two key "seen in public places" with members prosecution witnesses had been sub- of the SWP. Gamber was given a po­ jected to political pressure to force lice photograph of Marcia Marshall them to testify against Kolis. at an antiwar demonstration during April 1973. The committee will seek a new trial Marshall now admits that her based on this information. Kolis was a Socialist Workers Party father's fear that this picture and other "evidence" would jeopardize his gov­ candidate for city council in the last ernment job was a primary factor San Diego municipal election. She was in his testifying against Kolis and charged with falsifying her residence pressuring his daughter to do the on her -filing papers. same. Kolis explained at the trial that she Kolis released this new information had made arrangements to share a to reporters, and added: "This proves house with Marcia Marshall. She gave that, contrary to the DA's statement Militant/larry Seigle Marshall's address when she filed for during the trial, the government's il­ office, since she expected to be moving Salm Kolis explaining case to reporters outside San Diego courthouse. At rear is legal surveillance of the SWP and other in immediately. However, the arrange­ Mary Lipman, secretary of defense committee. David Aberson, attorney for Kolis, ments fell through when Marcia Mar­ groups was used by the prosecution is at right. in this case." shall's father, who owned the house, ordered his daughter not to have any­ Just prior to the trial, the CDSK had been privy to defense strategy Kolis will also be included in the ap­ thing to do with anybody from the had uncovered an FBI informant who meetings. The informant had been op­ peal. erating in the SWP 12 years. The de­ Appearing with Kolis at the news fense demanded that the prosecution conference was Mel Crain, vice-chair­ be ordered to turn over all govern­ man of the Democratic Party of San Some questions for the DA ment documents, wiretap logs, and Diego County. Craine said, referring other secret information that might to the fact that the city has declined On Dec. 12, the day the trial of and prejudicial procedure of a gag · bear on the case. to prosecute 22 Democratic and Repub­ Salm Kolis began, the judge issued order? The motion was denied after the DA lican candidates who violated a new a sweeping gag order to prevent 2. Why is a senior DA, whousual­ claimed that he was "unaware" of any election fmancing law in the recent Kolis from discussing any aspect ly prosecutes murderers, drug push­ such information. This denial will be elections: "This is a blatant case of of the case with reporters. ers and robbers, assigned to the part of the grounds for appealing the Immeriiately after this ruling, the Kolis case when the alleged viola­ selective enforcement. The SWP has conviction. Committee to Defend Salm Kolis tion consists of listing the wrong been under this kind of political at­ The judge refused to allow the jury (CDSK) issued the following state­ address on a City of San Diego taCk for years. It's a continuation, to hear any of the information on J,Rent. prepared by Michael Pancer, election form? or spillover, of the mentality of Wa­ chairman of the Legal Panel of the 3. Why did the DA's office advise secret police surveillance. "If we had tergate and the Nixon administration San Diego ACL U, and Jim Webb, the grand jury that John Witt's (San been allowed to bring out in the trial," against socialists, the antiwar move­ CDSK chairman. Webb was a can­ Diego city attorney) violation of the Kolis stated, "the information concern­ ment, and the Democratic Party." didate for city attorney in the last Government Code should not be ing the FBI informant and other il­ Mary Lipman, secretary of the election. He survived the primary prosecuted because the punishment legal surveillance by the government, CDSK, said, "We will move for a new but lost in the run-off to John Witt, -a misdemeanor-was too serious I am sure the jury would have re­ trial. If this is denied, we will appeal the current city attorney. for the crime? jected the frame-up charge againstme." the conviction- all the way to the U.S. 4. Why are the NixonAdministra­ The government was so determined Supreme Court, if necessary. We have tion criminals, e.g., Sprio Agnew, to keep this information from becom­ said from the beginning that this case In view of the actions taken today, allowed to plead their cases before ing known that the judge took the is a political frame-up. We now have the Committee believes the following the national media yet in San Diego highly unusual step of imposing a the evidence to prove it." questions must be answered: a socialist candidate cannot exercise gag order on Kolis during the trial. The expenses involved in appealing 1. Is the DA so concerned about her right of free speech? While such orders themselves are not this case will be considerable. To con­ the public learning about his selec­ 5. What criteria does the DA's of­ unusual, they are almost always ap­ tribute to the CDSK, or to find out tive enforcement of the law that he fice use in deciding what cases to plied to the prosecutor and the cops more about the case, write to CDSK, must resort to the highly unusual prosecute- are they political? to protect the rights of the. defendant. P.O. Box 5313, San Diego, Calif. This unconstitu tiona! silencing of 92105. Antiwar Gl in Colorado fights for amnesty By JON HILLSON BuCklin had told the media that while One of Bucklin's major reasons for the GI to base his defense on the DENVER- This is the traditional he wanted to "start my life over again," returning to the U.S.- and facing a Nure(nburg trials. Bucklin plans to time of the year for amnesties and par­ he must first "expose the military as possible prison term- is to focus argue that these trials justify his re­ dons, but not for the U.S. soldiers the headless giants who not only don't public attention on the plight of draft fusal to remain in the Army. Prelimi­ who deserted during the Vietnam war. mind killing the peoples of foreign resisters and deserters and to win sup­ nary indications are that the military The number of deserters and draft lands, but also don't mind destroy­ port for amnesty. judges consider this type of defense resisters living in this country and ing their own people in order to fur­ The Army, in a star-chamber hear­ "political" and out of place in a "non­ abroad is conservatively estimated at ther their goals." ing, dropped its phony front of "taking political" court. 300,000. it easy" on Bucklin and moved full But Bucklin's defense committee has One of these men is Dick Bucklin, speed ahead for a conviction on already begun to expose the clearly an antiwar GI who deserted and went AWOL cHarges. They slammed political treatment the GI has received to Sweden in 19.68. He had enlisted Bucklin into maximum security in the thus far from the military court. In a year before as a supporter of the Fort Carson stockade and then into addition, the offices of Congress­ U.S. role in Vietnam. solitary confinement. This brutal treat­ women Pat Schroeder (D-Colo.) and When Bucklin returned to the U.S. ment was to "protecf' Bucklin, they Bella Abzug (D-N.Y.) are investigat­ last July, he turned himself in at Fort claimed: "We felt that the Vietnam vet­ ing the case. Carson in Colorado Springs, Colo. erans in our stockade might physi­ Bucklin's fight has won the support He was initially promised an unde­ cally harm him or kill him." of amnesty organizations such as the sirable discharge instead of a court­ The real harassment in the stockade National Coalition for Universal and martial and placed on an extended came not from Vietnam veterans, but Unconditional Amnesty, AMEX, and leave. from Army monitoring of Bucklin's Safe Return, as well as many political Then a shift in the ''lenient" attitude conversations with his lawyers. A pro­ groups. of the brass occurred. They recalled test by his defense team resulted in a More information on the case is Bucklin to Ft. Carson from his leave. halt to the eavesdropping. available from the Richard Bucklin The antiwar Gl's comments to local Bucklin found that Army brass 'not only Defense Committee, cjo Rocky Moun­ reporters, criticizing the Army, had don't mind killing the peoples of foreign The military court trying Bucklin tain Military Project, 1460 Pennsyl­ rankled his superiors. For example, lands, but also their own people.' has not yet decided if it will allow vania #3, Denver, Colo. 80203.

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 7 New facts prove Kissinger lied under·· oath about his role in setting up the ~plumbers' By LINDA JENNESS on one of the subpoenaed tapes, for When Henry Kissinger appeared be­ instance, is still up for grabs. One fore the Senate Foreign Relations White House explanation, however, Committee last September he testified wc.s recently rejected by a panel of under oath that he "did not know of technical experts. Nixon's flunkeys the existence of the 'plumbers group' had suggested that the humming noise by that or any other name." He added , might have been caused by Rose Mary that in his opinion the entire Water­ Wood's high intensity lamp on her gate affair was a "deplorable event." electric typewriter. But Judge John Kissinger was specifically being Sirica reported that a "preliminary re­ questioned about the fact that his for­ sult" of a study by a panel of experts mer aide, David Young, had surfaced shows that neither the lamp nor the as one of the leaders of the plumbers. typewriter was the likely cause. Kissinger pleaded innocence. "I have Adding insult to injury, the White no knowledge of any such activities House is now claiming executive priv­ that David Young may have engaged ilege for that particular tape- on the in," he told the committee, still under grounds that it no longer contains oath. any conversations about Watergate on Quite a different picture was drawn it! in two recent articles by Seymour Nixon has been forced, however, Hersh in the New York Times. The to back off in his fight with the Ervin results of extensive interviews and in­ committee over the tapes and other vestigations show that: "Mr. Kissinger, subpoenaed White Hou'le material. now the Secretary of State, played a Both the Senate and the House have far more critical role than publicly passed a bill granting the United KISSINGER: 'Senator, I did not know of the existence of the "plumbers" group by known in the White House decision to States District Court authority over that or any other name.' begin an extensive inquiry into the any suit on Watergate subpoenas. background of Dr. Ellsberg and, ul­ This means that the Senate Water­ timately, to set up the plumbers oper­ for the leaks. "I want every son of a scrambling to dissociate themselves gate committee now has the backing of ations." bitch in the State Department poly­ from Nixon as much as possible. Sen­ the federal courts in demanding ma­ graphed un.til you find the guy," Nix­ ate GOP Campaign Committee Chair­ terial from the White House. Previous­ 'Henry was climbing the walls' on was quoted as saying. "Nixon man William Brock put it this way: ly, Judge Sirica had ruled that the When the Pentagon papers were re­ wanted to polygraph everybody," ac­ "There is no question as to the effect federal courts had no jurisdiction in leased to the press by Daniel Ells­ cording to one source. "He wanted of Watergate-we have been severely such cases. berg, no one, according to the Times, more polygraphing than there were wounded." Nixon allowed the bill to become was more upset·than Henry Kissinger. machines available. So Bud [Krogh] Senator Barry Goldwater, in a Dec. law without either signing it or ve­ "Henry was literally climbing the had to tell him that there weren't 17 interview with the Christian Science toing it. He explained that wliile he walls," one White House source said. enough machines." Monitor, said;"I don't think it's Water­ was opposed to the bill, he recognized And a former White House official re­ The plumbers were given a room in gate, frankly, as much as it's just a that both "the Congress and the pub­ called Kissinger "literally pounding the the basement of the Executive Office question in people's mind of just how lic" would misinterpret a veto. The President's table" in anger over an­ Building. "There was a special alarm honest is this man? I hate to think of truth of the matter is that Nixon knew other leak. system," reported E. Howard Hunt, the old adage 'Would you buy a used that a veto by him would be quickly Kissinger, along with 'former attor­ "three-way combination safes. And car from Dick Nixon?' but that's what overridden by Congress. · ney general John Mitchell, speculated there was also a type of war room. It people are asking around the coun­ Watergate Special Prosecutor Leon in meetings with Nixon that "Ellsberg "Vas an office in which there was a try." Jaworski has also announced agree­ eould have been either a Soviet in­ cork bulletin board. It indicated a "We've got a nation of 210 million ment from the White House to open former or part of a domestic Commu­ large number of ongoing projects, people who need leadership and need some secret files relevant to his in­ nist conspiracy," writes Hersh. their status, and the names of the in­ it badly," laments Goldwater. vestigations. dividuals responsible for their com­ Fearing that the FBI investigation Polls show disenchantment "Many of the documents being into Ellsberg's background would pletion." soughf' by Jaworski, writes the Wash­ take too long-and that the FBI it­ Kissinger continues to plead inno­ Just how deep the crisis in confi­ ington Pos~ "apparently involve the self wasn't totally tlustworthy-the cent. He says his previous denials dence in both the Democratic and Re­ activities of the White House 'plumb­ plumbers unit was established. still stand and that information about publican parties runs is shown by a ers' and their 1971 break-in at the Hersh's "sources" say that the de­ the White House fears of national se­ recent Harris poll conducted for the offices of Daniel Ellsberg's psychia­ cision to add Young as codirector curity "evokes nothing in my mind." U.S. Senate Committee on Govern­ trist." of the plumbers was made on a heli­ "That's bull," commented a key for­ mental Operations. The poll shows According to the Hersh articles in copter trip from Los Angeles to San mer White House official in regard to that a majority of the American peo­ the Times, there's an abundance of Clemente. The discussion took place Kissinger's denials. ple ''feel alienated and powerless." Sev­ that kind of material. Of the many among .Nixon, Kissinger, and former enty-six percent feel that the "rich get memos of the plumbers, most of which White House aides Ehrlichman and 1974 has Republicans worried richer and poor get poorer"; 55 per­ were written by Kissinger's ex-aide Haldeman. In the meantime, the 1974 elections cent agree that the "people running the David Young, "only a few" have been are around the corner and Republi­ country don't really care what hap­ made available to the Senate Water­ Ellsberg gets Hiss treatment can strategists are feeling the weight pens to you"; and 61 percent feel that gate committee and publicly released," In order to heighten the plumbers of the Nixon albatross around their what they think "doesn't count much Hersh reports. "sense of urgency" Nixon advised Egil necks. Most Republican politicians are anymore." Krogh, the other codirector of the Overall, the 55 percent who feel plumbers unit, to read the first chapter "alienated" is almost double the num­ of his book Six Crises. ber who felt the same way in 1966. That particular chapter of the book In that year the percentage was 29 deals with the case of Alger Hiss. Hiss percent. was accused in 194 8 of turning over Of all the groups polled, Black highly classified government docu­ Americans had the highest increase in ments to the Soviet Union. Nixon, a disillusionment- up 35 percent from congressman at that time, was the seven years ago. chief inquisitor. In his book Nixon Next was the group under 30 years claims that "the Hiss case aroused the old, who went from 24 percent in nation for the first time to the existence 1966 to 57 percent today. and· character of the Communist con­ Nixon supporters claimed to be spiracy within the United States" and heartened by reports that his popu­ involved "the security of the whole na­ larity elimbed from an abysmal 27 tion.... " percent to a whopping 31 percent dur­ It was in this witch-hunt atmosphere ing the month of November. A Dec. that the plumbers began their opera­ 17 Harris poll, however, showed that tion. a plurality of the population, 45 per­ "Government investigators," writes cent, said they would "respect Presi­ Hersh, "now believe that by the time dent Nixon more if he resigned." Thir­ the plumbers began their operation ty-one percent were against his resig­ . . . part of their operation was avow­ nation, and 24 percent were not sure. edly political, to discredit Dr. Ellsberg As the scandals continue to unravel, and the antiwar movement." things get worse, not better, for the Nixon led witch-hunt investigation of The plumbers were given instruc- Nixon gang. Alger Hiss. He tried to do the same tions to discover who was responsible EllSBERG: First target of 'plumbers' The cause of the J 8-minu te erasure to Daniel Ellsberg.

8 Socialists demand 'COINTELPRO' files Outrage over FBI's spy project mounts By CINDY JAQUITH these techniques are a permanent part tivists. · The plaintiffs argue that their Squirming at FBI headquarters is con­ of the capitalists'· repressive arsenal. constitutional rights were violated at tinuing as demands mount for details Public outrage over this latest proof a protest they joined in October 1971 of the newly revealed secret-police plot, of government sabotage against the against Billy Graham in Charlotte, COINTELPRO. left has now forced acting attorney N.C. Haldeman is charged with con­ "It's just too hot to talk about," one general Robert Bork to call for a spiring to provoke violence that would government official told Associated study of COIN TELPRO as part of "work to the political advantage of Press. A Dec. 9 AP dispatch said, an overall review of FBI policies. the president." "The material is so sensitive that only While admitting that COINTELPRO In its argument for dismissal of a handful of officials outside the FBI was "wrong'' if it was "disrupting legal charges, the Secret Service claims that even know the general details ...." political activity," Bork argued that it cannot reveal certain documents be- . The nature of COINTELPRO was use of secret-police tactics against soc cause its "protective operations . . . revealed Dec. 6, when NBC newsman called "violence-prone" groups is "en­ would be impaired." Haldeman's at­ Carl Stern made public two FBI docu­ tirely proper." He neglected to note torneys have requested a dismissal ments on the plan that he received that much of this "violence" has been on the grounds that he does not reside through a successful· court suit. One the work of government agents pro­ in the state where the suit was filed. document is a 1968 memo from for­ vocateurs. He has used the same argument in mer FBI director J. Edgar Hoover Furthermore, B,ork acknowledged a motion for dismissal in the SWP authorizing COINTELPRO, a "coun­ that what has been exposed thus far suit. terintelligence program" designed to concerning COINTELPRO has merely Was FBI disruption plan used to salbolraa Efforts to fight illegal government "expose, disrupt, and otherwise neu­ scratched the surface. According to antiwar protests? harassment won a victory Dec. 11, tralize" the Socialist Workers Party, UPI, "Bork said that if Stern had when U.S. District Court Judge Black groups, the Communist Party, sought details of all the FBI activity Charles Richey ruled that the White and the "New Left." under the Hoover program rather • The names of the "Key Activists" House had used the Internal Revenue The second document is an April t~an merely two memos, 'we would singled out by Hoover as "the moving Service to sabotage its enemies. Richey 1971 memo from Hoover canceling have had to weigh a mountain."' forces behind the New Left." decided to grant tax-exampt status to This confirms earlier reports that e Whether COINTELPRO disrup­ the Center for Corporate Responsibil­ many other documents exist contain­ tion projects continued after April ity, which he said had been "singled ing specific details of how CO INTEL­ 1971 under different names. out- for selective treatment for political, PRO was put into action. Attorneys e What the objective of the SWP ideological, and other improper rea­ for the Socialist Workers Party and Disruption Program was; the tactics sons" by the IRS. the Young Socialist Alliance are now that were employed; the date the pro-. going after these documents. gram was begun;· who ordered it to The SWP and YSA have filed suit start; and the reason given for dis­ against government Watergating, and continuing it. Political Rights the new information on FBI spying If the FBI is forced to make any is an important breakthrough for their COINTELPRO documents public, it Defense Fund case. On Dec. 13 attorneys for the could lead to new revelations concern­ The Political Rights Defense Fund SWP and YSA notified Clarence ing not only harassment of the SWP (PRDF) is organizing support for Kelley, FBI director and one of the and YSA, but attacks on the Black the SWP and YSA suit against gov­ defendants in the suit, that he must Panthers, provocation within the anti­ ernment W atergating. To find out produce a series of documents on war movement, and sabotage of rad­ more about the PRDF, or to make COINTELPRO by Jan. 14. ical student organizations. a contribution, send the coupon be­ FBI CHIEF KElLEY: Squirming er The requested documents include "all For example, was the 1969 killing low to the Political Rights Defense mands for details of COINTElPRO. analyses and/ or recommendations" for of Illinois Panther leader Fred Hamp­ Fund, P. 0. Box 649 Cooper Sta­ potential counterintelligence action, ton a COINTELPRO project? Were tion, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tele­ portions of the plan, but ordering the and "all reports, memoranda and COINTELPRO dgents involved in ef­ phone: (212) 691-3270. continuation of certain projects. other documents relating to the 'So­ forts to wreck the defense committee The memos prove that use of under­ cialist Workers Party - Disruption of Daniel Ellsberg? Did these agents ( ) Please send me more informa­ cover agents, spying, wiretapping, and Program,'" which was mentioned in inspire right-wing terrorist attacks on tion on this suit. other harassment of Blacks and rad­ Hoover's 1971 memo. the left by groups such as the Legion ( ) I would like to arrange a meet­ icals existed long before the 1970 In addition, attorneys for the suit of Justice in Chicago, the Ku Klux ing for a PRDF speaker. Huston spy plan was even proposed. have given the FBI 30 days to an­ Klan, or anti-Castro Cuban or­ ( ) Enclosed is $ to help with The fact that COINTELPRO was ac­ swer a series of specific questions on ganizations? expenses. tually in effect for two years before COINTELPRO. These questions, or In another suit against government the latter plan was developed further "interrogatories," include: W atergating, former White House aide Name------'---­ undercuts Nixon's claims that the • The names of all FBI employees H. R. Haldeman and the Secret Service Address------methods outlined in the Huston scheme who were ever ihvolved in COINTEL­ are trying to duck charges stemming City _____ state __Zip __ were never implemented. Many of PRO. from a suit filed by 14 antiwar ac- ' ~ Some of the best-kept secrets in the world By LARRY SEIGLE trusted man. Trusted with secrets. But a warehouse full of file cabinets Secrets. he changed his mind and blew the through. Political secrets. Military secrets. cover off a couple of important ones. For one thing, you've got to specify Diplomatic secrets. Economic secrets. Nixon, Kissinger, and the others the documents you want. That's hard, Police secrets. freaked out. How many other Ells­ especially if their very existence is kept Measure them by the ton, by the cu­ bergs are there? What else will he secret. And, of course, there's no in­ bic yard, by the thousands of filing reveal? They didn't know. So they dex. cabinets. Above all, by the danger to set up the plumbers. To keep the se­ There's also the cost. One diligent re­ the capitalist rulers if they ever get crets. And prove a point to anyone searcher for Ralph Nader finally out. who might challenge their right to tracked down Agriculture Department They are all there in Washington, secrecy. reports on safety. an:d pesticides. He locked up in the vaults to be kept hid­ There are other problems. Water­ won a court suit, but was then in­ den from us. Some of the more vul­ gate has heightened the consciousness formed politely that there would be nerable ones get shredded. The rest of millions about government secrets, "expenses" of $91, 840 to get him cop­ remain under lock and key, in vaults, and there is a growing clamor for ies of the reports he wanted. under armed guard. Some of the best­ less secrecy and more information. Finally, there are "exempt" secrets. kept secrets in the world. A little-noticed law passed in 1966, First and foremost- you guessed it!­ the Freedom of Information Act, was "national security." Last January, the Daniel Ellsberg, who was high one of the first attempts to paint a pret­ U. S. Supreme Court upheld the pres­ enough up. in the government to know tier face on the secrets policy. The ident's power to classify documents for plenty, explained in a recent interview Gov't paper shredders work overtime law was supposed to reverse_the po­ "security reasons" without court review. with Rolling Stone magazine that in to keep secrets hidden from public. licy of releasing government records the Pentagon there .is a series of read­ only to those who were "properly and Of the nine specific exemptions from ing rooms where the secret files-like directly concerned." the so-called Freedom of Information the Pentagon papers- are kept. But vatives, Democrats and Republicans, Under the law, anybody is supposed Act, Number 9 is particularly enlight­ even the existence of these rooms, let come and go, trading places with each to be able to get hold of anything ening in the context of the oil trusts' alone their "address" in the endless other, the billions of secrets remain un­ in the files. It was this law that news­ conspiracy to create a fuel shortage. miles of Pentagon corridors, is a tight­ disturbed, kept under wraps by bi­ man Carl Stern used to get copies No one has the right, under this law ly held seer et. partisan agreement. of the FBI's secret "COINTELPRO" or any other, to find out "geophysical" This, in a "democracy" where the But, like everything else about this disruption plan. Some other secrets secrets, specifically the location and go\rernment is supposed to represent capitalist government, there are new have been uncovered this way. But description of oil and gas wells and the people! While liberals and conser- problems. Like Daniel Ellsberg. A the law has enough loopholes to drive reserves.

THE. MIUTANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 9 Defense ca111paign under way for GO indicted 'Attica Brothers' By BAXTER SMITH BUFFALO- Operating from five up­ stairs rooms in a two-story office building here, the Attica Brothers Le­ gal Defense cranks out press releases and educational materials, raises money, organizes supporters to attend court hearings, coordinates speaking tours, and finds time to speak with reporters. Day after day the office staff, volun­ teers, and several released "Brothers"­ as the indicted Attica prisoners are called- settle in to work on what is one of the largest and most complex criminal cases in U.S. history. Forty-two indictments, containing 1,300 charges have been handed down by a special Wyoming County grand jury. Sixty prisoners have been charged for their role in the Attica revolt- a revolt that glued this coun­ try's attention to that big prison in a small hamlet in rural upstate New Harlem, Sept. 18, 1971. Three thousand people march to protest Attica massacre. York, Sept. 9-13, 1971. Although the grand jury was im­ paneled to investigate all crimes that Twelve have friends or relatives who spokesmen- Frank Smith, Roger prison revolt in the Tombs in New occurred during and after the revolt, work in the prison. Five have friends Champen, Herbert X Blyden, Eric York City. He is now charged with no guards, state troopers, or prison who were hostages in D-yard (the area Thompson, and Bernard Stroble­ kidnapping and murder during the or state officials have been held re­ the rebel prisoners held), and three willi the kidnapping and murder of Attica uprising. sponsible for the bloody suppression knew guards who were killed or two prisoners. In an interview he stated that the of the revolt. When the troopers' guns wounded. None have friends who were Earlier indictments range from mur­ defense is trying to get the tape of stopped firing, 80 men were wounded, prisoners. der, assault, coercion, and unlawful Rockefeller's phone call to the White and 43 were left dead. imprisonment to possession of prison House just prior to ordering the mur­ Following the slaughter, Governor In addition, all the jurors had read contraband. derous assault on Attica. Blyden be­ Nelson Rockefeller appointed Robert newspaper accounts of the revolt and On Nov. 15, U.S. District Judge lieves that former attorney general Fischer as the special prosecutor in were thus prejudiced by the false sto- John Curtin heard arguments, but re­ John Mitchell intercepted the call to served decision, on whether New York Nixon. "But Agnew also had wind state officials should be brought to of it because the very next month trial for violating a federal injunction after Attica he was out here in Buf­ prohibiting beatings and other repri­ falo, at the Statler Hilton, talking," sals against prisoners after the rebel­ Blyden said. "And Agnew sanctioned lion. what Rockefeller had done, which was In December 1971, Curtin had or­ what Nixon did also." dered state officials to refrain from Both Blyden and Gonzalez were O].lt- beating and verbally abusing prison­ ers. A federal magistrate investigated five such beatings and has recom­ !'o help defense mended that one case be brought to Those interested in supporting the trial. Attica defense should contact the Attica Brothers Legal Defense, 1370 Watergating and AHica Main St., Buffalo, N. Y. 14209. The The defense has protested Watergate telephone number is (716) 884- methods of harassment and illegal sur­ 4423. veillance that the government has used A speakers' bureau has been or­ Militant/Baxter Smith Militant/Baxter Smith to hamper the defense work. Last ganized to provide interested organi­ HERBERT Bl YDEN: Wants tapes of Rocke­ MARIANO GONZALEZ: Blasts composi­ month, former U.S. attorney general zations, schools, and community feller's phone call to White House. tion of grand jury. Ramsey Clark and other defense law­ groups with speakers on the de­ yers argued for a hearing into alleged fense case. Indicted Attica prisoners charge of the grand jury. But in No­ ries of slashed throats, castration, and government wiretapping of the defense and lawyers working on the case vember of this year Fisher was elec­ other horrors spread by officials. committee's telephone. are available for engagements. ted as a judge, and he has been suc­ Another major defense objection to On Nov. 2 one of the attorneys, A color film, Attica, which vividly ceeded by Anthony Simonetti. Head­ the grand jury, which is still in session, through an apparent electronic foul­ portrays the conditions at the prison ing the defense legal team is Don Jeli­ is its selective enforcement of the laws. up, overheard a previously taped con­ during the rebellion and the ensu­ nek, who was an attorney for Martin The jury neither requested, nor did versation of an office staff worker. ing massacre, is also available. Luther King. the prosecutor present, testimony The defense has asked the court to Originally, Fischer had placed Cap­ about any aspect of state officials' raged that the defense motion for dis­ order the prosecution to reveal or find tain Williams- the guard who led the criminal acts during the revolt or in missal of the charges had been turned out who is doing the bugging. The assault force-in charge of the day­ the post-assault brutality inflicted on down. prosecution denied requesting the wire­ to-day grand jury investigation. Three the prisoners. This brutality has been "But it's a blanket denial, so this tap but argued against a motion for weeks later, after protests over Wil­ documented in the McKay Commis­ leaves us grounds for attacking it in a full court hearing into the matter. liams's bias, he was removed. the appellate courts," Blyden said. "The sion report on the uprising. State Supreme Court Justice James denial proves that we can't get any Moore has reserved decision on the de­ Motion to dismiss Coercion of witnesses semblance of justice in this district" fense motion. In a comprehensive motion to dis­ The defense also charges that the Gonzalez. agreed: "Oswald's book, miss the Attica charges, the defense special prosecutor coerced witnesses 'They'll try anything!' Attica: My Story, the McKay Com­ raised a number of ch~llenges to the who appeared before the grand jury. Mariano Gonzalez is one of the At­ mission report, and even Representa­ grand jury's composition and pro­ Prisoners called· to testify- some of tica defendants who is held here in tive Herman Badillo's A Bill of No cedures. That motion was denied in whom were hooded to conceal their the Erie County jail. He is a 22-year­ Rights clearly show the firing in the November but will be appealed. identity-were told that they would old Puerto Rican from ~ew York City. yard, the assaults. And yet not one According to the defense lawyers, be denied parole or would be indicted In an interview he spoke about gov­ inmate went before the grand jury to some people were excluded from the unless they offered evidence against ernment surveillance of the defense of­ testify against the state. jury panel illegally. Nine people who fellow inmates. fice. "It didn't surprise me," he said. "They don't see that as biased," Gon­ expressed disfavor toward the death Some prisoners refused to testify "Look at Watergate and the Ellsberg zalez said, "yet there were a lot of penalty were removed, although this against the guards for fear of indict­ break-in. These people are spending people who were injured or killed. And panel will not sit in actual trial judg­ ment. $3-million in an investigation for the what about those who were beaten ment of the defendants. People under Despite these and other arguments state. They're going to try everything not only on the day of the assault, the age of 21 were barred, as were attacking the validity of the prosecu­ in their power to get information. but in the days following?" convicted felons. tion, the motion to dismiss the charges They're going to try anything! And "Some of the jurors," Gonzalez con­ Each of the jury members is white, was denied. Ma Bell is going to go along with tinued, "were either relatives or friends but only seven of the 60 Brothers In September, new indictments were the state." of those in Attica who were hostages, are white. (Of the 1,024 Blacks in handed down against four Brothers. Another defendant at the county jail or were killed, or are guards that Wyoming County, approximately These were the first since the original is Herbert X Blyden, a 37-year-old still work at Attica. Yet the judge says 1,000 are prisoners at Attica.) batch of 37 in December 1972. The native of the Virgin Islands. He is it was a fair and impartial grand Only one grand juror is under 30. new indictments charge five prisoner well known for his role in the 1970 jury!" lO .,wo years after Attica revolt: Iranian 'the repression is still there' students By BAXTER SMITH ATTICA-Early in November, Black .t recall prisoners here were allowed to hold cultural events on Black Solidarity Day. Then, on Nov. 19, in commem­ 1953 oration of Columbus's discovery of Puerto Rico, prison officials allowed the Concerned Puerto Rican Committee killings at Attica to invite outside guests, en­ tertainers, and reporters to a cultural NEW YORK- Two hundred people event they held. This reporter was in­ attended a meeting of solidarity with vited. the Iranian student movement at Co­ A chilly, foggy mist bathed the lumbia University Dec. 14. The Iran­ cement buildings of the 55-acre com­ ian Student Association ( ISA) spon­ plex that morning. One of the changes sored the meeting to commemorate since the rebellion was hard to avoid: the 1953 killing of three students who new gun towers, built to placate the were protesting the visit to Iran of guards' demands, towered over every­ then vice-president Richard Nixon. thing like redwoods. This was one of the major events A dapper Sergeant Anderson, with following the CIA-backed coup of Au­ his hair slicked back in a pompadour, gust 1953 that overthrew the nation­ greeted guests with a tie-tack replica alist government of Mohammed Mos­ of a .45-caliber automatic pistol. sadegh and set up the shah as an It was a cool reception, but once absolute dictator. inside the prison auditorium, the Sept. 10, 1971. Attica prisoners negotiate demands with State Corrections Commis­ The meeting heard talks about the catchy rhythms of the Latin-rock pris­ sioner Russell Oswald (lower left). present situation in Iran and the role on band that pulsed forth warmed, of the shah as a U. S. puppet. Iran relaxed, and held rapt listeners. standing to my left was shot and killed, ond tier in A block that morning [Sept. serves as a major base for the U. S. A group of Puerto Rican grade­ and the guy standing just to my right 13] testified he saw a trooper pick up in the Middle East, and the shah has school youngsters from Buffalo did was also killed. It all happened so fast a guitar from a pile of inmates' be­ announced his readiness to crush any a skit about Columbus's discovery. it was unreal. It was eerie. The mist longings outside a cell and break it movement against the status quo in A Puerto Rican flag garnished the and gas came over everything, and over the head of an inmate running that area. Greetings were presented from Arab, Ethiopian, and Pan-African stage. Political speeches punctuated helicopters, and suddenly the troopers by. 'It knocked the inmate to his student organizations, as well as the with shouts of "Viva Puerto Rico libre" came in shooting. One trooper knees,' the correction officer said; and Greek organization Demokratia. that raced to the high ceiling were in­ grabbed me and said they would save the 'trooper made a joke out of it."' terspersed with the entertainment. me for the electric chair. Among those presenting greetings Alexan.der Del Hoyo, who helped "... we were beaten. I learned to from American radical organizations organize the event, was one speaker. walk again here in the Bronx [Bronx LiHie has changed was Sam Manuel, a member of the national committee of the Young So­ Risking trouble from prison officials, Men's House of Detention]. They called Two years have elapsed since scores cialist Alliance. Manuel said, "Many he denounced the system and prisons, us 'nigger' and made us crawl naked of prisoners were killed, wounded, or of our brothers and sisters from Attica in particular. Speaking under on the ground across the whole yard. beaten for the crime of struggling for around the world have been harassed the red ·and blue stage lights, he re­ Guys were vomiting and going into change at Attica prison. But few of by the U.S. government when they lnarked, "Every Puerto Ric.an brother convulsions, and if they moved, they the changes they fought for have ar­ speak out against undemocratic re­ and sister is oppressed by the system, were beaten. Three inmates were mur­ rived. gimes." He pointed to the importance no matter where they were born. And dered by the troopers after we gave In the Sept. 12 issue of the Buffalo of defending the rights of foreign stu­ if you fight amongst yourselves, there Challenger Arthur Eve explains what up. They killed Sam Melville, Elliott dents in the U. S. and pledged the is division in the ranks. So let us little has been done to implement 28 Barkley and Tom Hicks in the yard. help of the YSA in such defense cam­ work together for our defense." of the rebels' original 33 demands. Som.e day we will prove that ... paigns. Eve is a Black state assemblyman An example of the shah's policy of from Buffalo. During the Attica revolt "Then lifter we crawled across the suppressing dissent is the recent case The reprisals he was a member of the observers' yard we had to run a gauntlet of in which the regime charged 12 prom­ The joy and camaraderie that committee. about 40 correction officers. We were inent writers and fllmmakers with plot­ Some of his findings include: brimmed from the hall barely masked still naked and they beat us with sticks ting to kidnap the monarch's family. the agony written on the faces of the • The prison has failed to provide and batons. Some guys had lighted Another important defense case is that adequate shelter and food for all pris­ 200 prisoners present. Nor could it cigarettes put against their genitals. n of Dr. Reza Baraheni, formerly a visit­ overcome the remnants of fear and The random beatings, an orgy of oners. ing professor at the universities of apprehension. Yet one could sense the cop violence unmatched by Hollywood e The prisoners asked for state min­ Texas and Utah, who was recently deeply felt humanity that the rebel filmmakers, is documented in the .Mc­ imum wage laws to be applicable to arrested in Iran for his dissenting them. Prior to the rebellion they were prisoners displayed near this hall a Kay Commission report: "National ideas. paid 25 cents a day. They have little more than two years ago, before Guardsmen in the yard to evacuate The ISA is building a demonstra­ received a 10-cent-a-day raise. they were cut down by bullets ordered the wounded testified they saw correc­ tion to defend the 12 intellectuals, to Another demand stated, "Allow all by Nelson Rockefeller. tion officers, troopers, and sheriffs' e take place in Washington, D. C., Dec. From Sept.13, 1971-the beginning New York State prisoners to be politi­ deputies strike inmates with nightsticks 28. of the guards' assault- until this time during the strip searching. Oneguards­ cally active without intimidation or two years ago, Attica prisoners suf­ man said that as he helped carry reprisal." Eve found that "repression fered indescribable brutalities from the out an inmate who had been shot is still there, possibly increased. In guards-one of whom is town mayor, in the groin several troopers came the last 6 months more men have been others who are town cops- that make over and hit the inmate with night­ sent to the Box [segregation] than a burlesque of the state's indictments sticks. The inmate screamed in pain, before." of the Attica prisoners. the guardsman recalled, and a trooper e The prisoners demanded modern­ Brother Herbert X Blyden described responded: 'Fuck you, nigger. You ization of the prison's educational sys­ in the May 15, 1972, New York mag­ should have gotten it in the he.ad.' tem, including the establishment of a azine what happened to him: "The guy " A correction officer on the sec- Latin library. A couple of vocational programs and a small Latin library have been set up. e One demand included the right to adequate medical treatment. Eve writes, "Dr. Williams, perhaps the most· inhuman doctor on the face of the earth, is still at Attica." Medical treat­ ment has improved little. e Another demand was that no pris-. oner should be kept in the segregation unit more than 30 days. Eve writes, "This has not been.changed. Men have stayed in the Box for as long as 90 days." Prisoners in the box stay con­ fined in a cell for 23 hours a day. They get one hour for outside exercise. • One demand concerned increased recreation time for the general prison population and better recreational fa­ cilities. According to Eve, this aspect of life in Attica has improved 1,000 Iranian soldiers. Iran serves as major Sept. 13, 1971: 'They called us "nigger" and made us crawl on the ground across the base for U.S. imperialism in Middle East. whole yard.' percent.

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 11 In Our Opinion Let ten

The Militant receives many letters Most exploited workers from prisoners all across the country. The prisoners are by far the most Geneva conference This week we are turning the entire exploited workers in America. By The struggle of the Arab people against Israeli aggression letters column over to our prisoner today's standards the prisoners and expansion has remained at the center of world events readers. have become the new "slaves" of since the October war. In recent weeks the intense diplomatic These letters are just one indication America. Low wages, medium work­ activity leading up to the Geneva talks, scheduled to begin of the radicalization occurring behind ing conditions, poor housing, and Dec. 21, has dominated the news media. prison walls. A growing number t>f inadequate medical care. Although billed as a conference that will provide a "just prisoners subscribe to The Mllitant. Nowhere in America is the pay and lasting" solution to the Mideast conflict, the preparations Many cannot afford to pay. In such scale so low and the profit so cases we send complementary sub­ for the Geneva talks show the contrary. high. The men are required to scriptions. work a full 40 hours per week. On Dec. 9 U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger began We hope readers will help defray the a series of meetings with Washington's NATO allies. Mter Hourly wages are from 21 cents to cost of these subscriptions. $2.50 51 cents -yet each man produces letting the European imperialists know what was expected sends The Militant to a prisoner for in goods and services $12,000 of them in the way of support for the U.S.-Israeli side, Kis­ six months. send your donation to per year. singer went on to the Middle East On Dec. 17 New York The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, New We must have a hand in shaping Times reporter Henry Kamm wrote from Jerusalem that Israeli York, N.Y. 10014. our destiny. They have tried and officials had ·agreed to participate in the Geneva talks "in failed. We are only asking to be exchange for assurances from Secretary of State Kissinger treated as humans. that American support in the talks would be firm." Boycoff of Xmas dinner A prisoner Just how firm was underlined by the U.S. Senate that same We call on all prisoners to join in Georgia day when it gave final approval for $2.2-billion in arms a nationwide prisoners' boycott of the traditional Christmas dinner. aid to Israel. Since the outbreak of the October war the U.S. We prisoners are expected to has delivered $1-billion worth of armaments to Israel, enough pause at Xmastime with Middle to more than restore its prewar military strength. The Nixon America: to eat and be merry Study program administration has not specified how the remaining $1.2-billion and feel thankful. But all across I received the books that you will be used. America, hidden behind the myths made possible for me to receive It is obvious that Washington is not too worried about and the dollar signs and fancy and I appreciate it very much. We the Israelis taking a hard line at the Geneva talks. What tinsel, there is hunger of body and here are trying to organize and is being set up is a squeeze play aimed at extracting more spirit. The system-enforcers are form a study program. Many concessions from the Arab regimes-concessions that will everywhere: repressing people, of the brothers are very interested "guarantee" Israel's continued occupation of Arab lands and violating the Bill of Rights, pro­ in learning about the struggle and further entrench imperialist control of the Middle East. These tecting and enforcing the priorities are working very hard to try to help all those that we can. concessions will be made at the expense of the Arab peoples, and life styles of the profit-makers. Forty million people live in A prisoner particularly the Palestinians. poverty. Millions more can barely Missouri For the Arab peoples, the Geneva conference offers no way make ends meet. There is massive to end Zionist aggression. The Israelis have already begun inflation, unemployment, broken­ to build not only settlements but even cities within the ter­ down neighborhoods, outrageous ritories occupied during the 1967 war, and Washington has price tags on everything from the Made life easier given the colonizers the arms to hold out in their refusal to re­ basic necessities of life to civil Another year has passed and I am turn the bulk of the land. The Palestinians don't even have a rights. And for the millions of Third still struggling to be free, but then representative at the talks. World and poor white people, so are so many others. Certainly _The awareness of these facts among broad layers of the the injustices of poverty, institution­ I am more fortunate than some Arab masses has been shown by the intense pressure within alized racism, inequality of op­ because I've had you to make living easier for me. Egypt for a renewal of the fight against the Israeli occupation portunity, exploitation and oppres­ sion is what life is all about. We I am grateful to you for your and by a massive demonstration in Beirut, forcing Kissinger prisoners know this. These injustices gift of The Militant. I have enjoyed to land elsewhere in Lebanon. are what prison is all about. it completely and do hope it will Whatever agreements are reached at Geneva, one thing re­ Many of us have always refused to continue. mains certain. There will be no peace in the Middle East take any holiday dinners - as a May the New Year bring you and as long as the area is dominated by imperialism, as long silent personal protest. Let them yours peace and freedom wi,thout. as the Israeli settler-state is maintained, as long as the Pal­ keep their turkeys and stuffing, end. estinian people are denied their homeland. even though it is the only decent A prisoner meal most of us would have all Pennsylvania • • • year. We refuse to take the Xmas meal On Dec. 17, 31 people were killed by Palestinian commandos as a gesture of solidarity with the at Rome's international airport. The New York Times was 60 Attica Brothers who are Something honest taking the weight. We are protesting quick to use the terrorist action in Rome as a handle to de­ I am writing this letter to inform everything Attica represents. you that I would like to have mand further concessions from the Arabs, asking, "will Syria Walpole Chapter another subscription to The and the other Arab states on Israel's frontiers recognize their National Prisoners Reform Associa­ Militant. Being here in this obligations now to make specific gestures of peaceful intent tion hellhole, let me say that it is a toward Israel, in light of the barbaric acts of yesterday?" Prisoners Against Poverty, relief to read something honest and The Times editors, who hailed the Israeli terror raid on Racism and War sincere. Lebanon in April 1973 in which more than 30 Arabs were A prisoner killed as an operation of "daring and brilliance," and "a Pennsylvania stunningly effective blow in the 'war against terror,"' are 'One liffle meal' hardly in a position to talk about barbarism. This year at Xmastime the New Terrorist actions such as those in Rome stem from the England prisoners will be abstaining from their Xmas meal. Good luck frustration and rage of an oppressed people. Your newspaper has taken coura­ The Palestinians have been the victims of a brutality so They will form groups and request the administration to donate their geous stands in regards to systematic and immense that it drove 1. 5 million of them meal on Xmas to poverty areas in controversial issues, especially those It into exile. is the Israeli state that is to blame for large­ their states. that the government wishes to scale acts of inhumanity in the Middle East. Unfortunately, H you are not allowed to send suppress. this truth· is often obscured before the eyes of the world by your meal to a poverty area, just During the two and a half years the terrorist actions of small groups of individuals. The action fast from that one meal in symbolic in prison, I have vigorously fought in Rome was an example of this. It had the effect of turning protest. One little meal can for prisoners' rights, especially many people against the Palestinian struggle, and diverting strengthen bonds of solidarity. in court. I have been successful attention from the crimes of the Zionists. A prisoner in having 87 men be released The liberation of the Palestinian people can only be the Missouri from illegal prison sentences and convinctions so far, and I brought work of the Palestinian people as a whole, together with the court suits to correct some of the rest of the Arab woild. Terrorist actions by a handful of conditions in prison. individuals, however dedicated they may personally be to Boycoff spreads In January 1974, I am scheduled the cause of Palestinian liberation, only cut across the orga­ We are in the process of organizing to leave prison at the ripe old age nization of the masses of people, which is the only effective a boycott of the Xmas dinner in of 30. · · way of advancing the struggle of the Arab peoples. support of the 40 million who A prisoner won't have any and the million of Missouri Koreans, Vietnamese, and Cambo­ dians who were murdered. A prisoner Georgia 1.2 A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON. SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF 'REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

DECEMBER 28, 1973

Millions strike against high prices in France By Marcel Black the point of departure for a united ping was completely stopped. Forty lution!" working-class offensivt: against the concert halls and theaters in Paris The December 6 strike and dem­ Millions of French workers went on lowering of the buying power and the alone were closed on an appeal from onstration displayed the immense strike December 6 to protest rising living conditions of the workers and the entertainment and actors unions. power of the French working class prices and the threat ofunemployment. against the threats of unemployment." • A mass demonstration took place on a scale that has not been seen The general strike was called by the Inflation has mounted in France at in Paris December 6. Rouge reports since the 1968 May-June workers' and major trade unions and the p.arties of an annual rate of 13.2 percent, while that between 300,000 and 500,000 students' struggles. Despite this im­ the Union of the Left: the CGT (Con­ the corporations have threatened work­ marchers participated. It was led by mense power, the French working fl!dt!ration ·General du Travail- Gen­ ers with large-scale unemployment. union leaders and by leaders of the class is still laden with reformist mis­ eral ConfederatiOR of Labor, the Stal­ The Wall Street Journal reported Stalinist, social-democratic, and United leaders who want to collaborate with inist-led unions); the CFDT (Confed­ December 7: "Work was halted in the Socialist parties. Large contingents the capitalists rather than replace them l!ration Fran~;aise et Democratique du nation's steel, railroad, chemical and participated from unions and student with workers' power. They projectec:I Travail- the French Democratic Con­ other industries. The stock market was groups as well as from the different the December 6 strike; as a one-day federation of Labor, dominated by ·closed, newspapers weren't published "far-left" organizations. protest rather than as part of a con­ social democrats); the FEN ( F Mera­ and few subway trains ran in Paris, On banners and buttons and in the tinuing struggle. tion de !'Education Nationale- Na­ where hundreds of thousands of pro­ shouts of the marchers slogans were Rouge projected a break with these tional Education Federation, the teach­ testers marched through the streets raised such as "Against the high cost policies. In its campaign around the ers union); and by the Socialist, Com­ shouting antigovernment slogans." of living; for buying power." Hospital issue of inflation it has projected the munist, and United Socialist parties, Figures varied as to the level of and public workers raised the demand sliding scale of wages and hours as and the Left Radical movement. participation in the strike. Right-wing "More money for health, not for the a solution to rising prices and unem­ The strike was also supported by unions opposed the strike, and threats army; more personnel to care for hos­ ployment. the French "far-left" organizations. A were made against some workers. pital patients." In an editorial on what to do in joint statement was issued before the The December 8 Le Monde reported Supporters of the Union of the Left, the wake of the December 6 strike strike by the Revolutionary Marxist that public transportation was sharp­ a class-collaborationist electoral bloc Rouge wrote: Alliance, Workers' Struggle, Revolu­ ly reduced during the strike and that involving the CP, the SP, and the "What next? Numbers must be trans­ tion!, the United Socialist Party, and only a few provincial daily news­ Left Radicals, raised slogans such as formed into force! By the democratic the Trotskyist weekly Rouge. The papers were published. Radio and tele­ "Power to the People's Union," and organization of struggles on the basis statement declared "total solidarity vision broadcasts were cut drastically. "Only solution is the Common Pro­ of specific demands. By coordinating with the workers who will be on strike, The minister of education reported that gram [of the Union of the Left]," them on a regional and national scale. December 6." 53.5 percent of the workers in the Le Monde reports that "far-left" groups By coordinating them on an interna­ The declaration said that "the gen­ -national educational system joined the such as the United Front of High tional scale: the bosses and the top eral strike of December 6 must not strike. School Action Committees raised such government officials are getting togeth­ stop on the next day but must become Le Monde also reported that ship- slogans as "The only solution is revo- er, the workers must unite. ·... "

General Assembly was "in return for the use of the Portuguese Azores by United States aircraft taking war sup­ U.S., Britain plies to Israel." ·British opposition to seating Guinea at the UN is no surprise either. Bri­ block seating tain is Portugal's largest export market. Britain is also a big supplier of Portugal's armed forces and owns much of the Portuguese economy. The of Guinea in record of collaboration with Lisbon was appropriately "celebrated" by the Tories and the Caetano government United Nations during last summer's six hundredth London anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese On November 2, 1973, the General alliance. Assembly of the United Nations British delegates to the UN General passed a resolution recognising the . Assembly hid their real political op­ independent state of Guinea. Ninety­ position to the seating of Guinea be­ three delegations supported the resolu­ hind a seemingly neutral and technical tion, but seven, including those of the argument that Britain could not recog­ United States and Britain, voted nise a state that was not in effective against it. control of its territory and population, Washington's backing for Portugal's a criterion apparently not met in claims to Guinea stems from years of Guinea because of Portuguese occupa­ mutual collaboration. In December tion of the capital, Bissau, and its 1971 the American and Portuguese maintenance of scattered military governments signed a treaty at NATO bases in the country. headquarters in Brussels that gave The argument is fraudulent. The the Pentagon use of air bases on the Tory government has recognised nu­ ---Afrique-Asie/Bruna Amico Azores in return for loans of $400 merous states scarcely in control of National Assembly in liberated Guinea voted September 24 to declare independence million. their national territory or command­ from Portugal. The Azores bases were used in the ing the allegiance of their popula­ U.S. airlift of war materiel to Israel tion-an outstanding example being and the junta installed in Chile fol­ governments rushed to recogni&e during the October war in the Arab the "Republic of South Vietnam." lowing the military coup that toppled the hangmen of Santiago, they rejected East. The October 30 Daily Telegraph In September 1973 two govern­ the constitutionally elected government the aspirations of the people of Guinea commented that U.S. support for Por­ ments appealed to the world for recog­ headed by Allende. It is noteworthy to free their country from Portuguese tugal in the vote on Guinea in the nition: the independent state of Guinea that while the American and British colonial domination. World Outlook W0/2

Why." One of the conclusions drawn you are "needed to help form the nu­ leaders of the working class. In this by Comrade Foley is open to mis­ cleus of a government based directly struggle the workers of course were interpretation and can be taken for on the workers"! This is nonsense. not neutral between the camp of Allen­ lessons a serious political error. Therefore it Those who died were defending their de and that of Pinochet: has to be clarified. Among many rev­ own lives. They were defending the olutionists in Sweden, as in many working class. The counterrevolution­ "The Bolsheviks did not remain neu­ of the coup other countries, this article is taken as aries wanted to wipe out the political tral between the camp of Kerensky stating the revolutionary Marxist point organizations of the working class. and that of Kornilov. They fought of view in relation to the bloody con­ They wanted to jail or execute all in the first camp against the second. in Chile: frontation in Chile. Therefore I think a public rectification is urgently need­ ed. The conclusion that I find in con­ an exchange tradiction to the principles of revolu­ [In our October 5 issue, we pub­ tionary Marxism is the following: lished an article entitled "Lessons of "A revolutionary party able to give the defeat in Chile" by Gerry Foley. leadership to the resistance could have The article was reprinted from Inter­ completely changed the outcome. With­ continental Press. The following is a out this, the military force of the for­ letter to Intercontinental Press criticiz­ mer guerrillas was insignificant. The ing Foley's article, and the reply from final irony was that they died defend­ ing a government that had irrevocably Intercontinental Press editor Joseph Hansen. The exchange appeared in the condemned itself to death, when they were needed to help form the nucleus November 5 issue of Intercontinental of a government based directly on the Press. We are printing them for the workers that could have really fought information of our readers.) imperialism and dealt it a decisive defeat."(P. 1052.) This can be taken for moralizing Stockholm cynicism! An insult to those who died Editor: in the battles with the counterrevolu­ In the September 24 issue of Inter­ tionaries! continental Press, there is an article Comrade Foley's proposal to those by Comrade Gerry Foley entitled "The who took up arms and wanted to Military terror in Chile. Workers and peasants lacked revolutionary party that could Coup in Chile-What Happened and fight is the following: Stop fighting, have prepared and led effective fight against right-wing generals.

tinued to mount. A week-to-week com­ of the market." were mass firings in the state-controlled parison speaks volumes. In the period "There is a consensus," Martinez industries "to restore labor discipline." September 24-29, some 300 persons wrote; "that the solutions originally The thousands upon thousands of registered with this office. In the first expected will not come about.... workers fired for political reasons al­ two weeks of October, it was 556 and Now it is thought that if the prob­ most certainly do no appear in the of­ 650 persons respectively. And then lem is not approached in a more di­ ficial unemployment figures. With the Chilean between October 21 and 27, it was rect, short-term way, social tensions massacres and the concentration 800. Since the first of November, more will continue to mount, creating an camps, they would not dare apply than a thousand unemployed persons atmosphere conducive to crime." Since for government help. iunta faces a week have registered here. I don't even before the coup, Santiago, like • know the figures in the provinces, but most other large Latin American cities, Even the side effects of a repres­ econom1c I assume that the problem there is as had a huge semiemployed population sion as massive and ruthless as that bad or worse." that had to survive as best it could, carried out by the junta have been From October to November, the gov­ it .seems clear that the "crime" the junta enormously costly. Becauseoftheearly disaster ernment's own price index rose by fears must be something quite serious. curfew, which Pinochet says will be The accelerating unemployment in 87.6 percent, the biggest inflationary maintained for at least eight months, Chile, along with record inflation, has jump in the count_ry's history. Thus, In the critical first weeks after the virtually all of the small service es­ ·apparently begun to alarm even the with catastrophically mounting unem­ coup, there was an appearance of tablishments, restaurants, and coffee officials of the ruthless Chilean junta, ployment and drastic cuts in the buy­ economic improvement as business put shops have been forced to close. Be­ according to a report from Santiago ing power of employed workers, retail their hoarded stocks on the market cause of the distortions of an under­ by Fernando Martinez. In the Novem­ receipts have not risen as a result again. This brief glimpse of plenty developed economy, this category of ber 24 issue of the Buenos Aires daily of higher prices but have continued quickly vanished in the gloom of a workers is undoubtedly very numer­ La Opini6n, he quoted an official of to drop because of greatly decreased rapidly deteriorating economic situa­ ous. According to Martinez, the closing the SENDE (Servicio Nacional del sales. tion, which has hit not only the work­ of these establishments put 10,000 per­ Empleo- National Employment Ser­ Like other belated defenders of"pure" ing-class supporters of the popular­ sons out of work, presumably in San­ vice) as saying: capitalism, the junta's advisers have front regime but the petty-bourgeois tiago alone. "The most dramatic thing is that found out that even. under the most layers that originally backed thejunta. Ironically, the small proprietors and this figure [an increase of 2, 700 per­ repressive regime it is not always pos­ In the first place, there were the street merchants were originally among sons looking for jobs between Sep­ sible to wait for "economic equilibrium" poli_tical purges in the governmental the most enthusiastic supporters of the tember 24 and October 27) has con- to be established by the "natural forces offices and in education. Then there coup.

sanctioning, at least for the time being, matic showdown on the question of its Even as late as the November 10 a continuation of the status quo. military presence in South Korea. The issue of the Pyongyang Times, Presi­ The South Korean resolution, Japanese imperialists, who have dent Kim II Sung had called on the backed by Washington, Tokyo, and sizable investments in South Korea, UN General Assembly to "strip the U.S. troops other imperialist centers, called for the also have a long-term interest in main­ U.S. imperialist aggressor troops in admission to the UN of two separate taining the Seoul regime, whether or south Korea of the 'U. N. forces' hel­ to remain Koreas (neither are now officially rep­ not it is an official member of the mets and make it withdraw." But he resented), thus legitimizing the exis­ UN. switched to a different song just a few tence of the U.S. puppet regime in But the imperialist backers of the days later. David Winder, reporting in South Seoul. The other motion, which had Seoul resolution were not the only from the UN to the November 20 received the backing of the Fourth ones interested in avoiding a diplo­ Christian Science Monitor, noted that Summit Conference of Non-Aligned matic confrontation. Roth Peking and Chinese Ambassador Huang Hua had Korea States, held in Algiers in September, Pyongyang, which have their own bu­ borrowed a phrase from Kim II Sung The debate over "reunification" of called for the "peaceful reunification" reaucratic interests to safeguard, also to the effect that U.S. troops should North and South Korea, which threat­ of the two parts of Korea, the dis­ considered it advisable to accept the be withdrawn at the "earliest possible ened to break out in the United Na­ solution of the UN command, and status quo. date," rather than "immediately." tions at an embarrassing moment for the withdrawal of the 42,000 U.S. While Pyongyang could not but op­ Even such mild phraseology proved the Seoul regime-just as student dem­ troops presently stationed in South pose the two-Koreas resolution­ too much for the backers of the Seoul onstrations continued to escalate-has Korea under the UN banner. which flew in the face of its long­ resolution, so Kim agreed to drop been averted through a series of diplo­ In the interests of keeping the sur­ established diplomatic posture of all mention of the U.S. troops in the matic maneuvers. On November 20 face waters of detente as smooth as "peaceful reunification"- the question compromise agreement that was read it was announced that Pyongyang and possible and to avoid fueling any of "principled" opposition to the pres­ on the floor of the General Assembly Seoul had agreed to shelve their sep­ more anti-American senUment in Asia, ence of U.S. troops was quite an­ on November 20. arate motions before the UN, in effect Washington opted to avoid a diplo- other matter. Secret connivance between Washing- W0/3

They accepted the official command prefer to subject itself to a defeat to­ -that besides heroism, a correct poli­ In Chile, because of the treacherou!f as long as they were not sufficiently gether with· the masses, rather than cy is required. Without a correct poli­ role played by the Social Democrats · strong to overthrow it. It was pre­ stand aside moralizing, and leave the cy, the lives of valuable cadres can and above all the Stalinists, the task cisely in the month of August, with the workers without leadership under the be wasted. In Chile a fight should of building a revolutionary party was Kornilov uprising, that a prodigious bayonets of the bourgeoisie. A party have been opened on another front not undertaken. The Chilean workers upswing of the Bolsheviks began. This beaten in battle will root itself deeply long ago, a fight to construct the in­ were thus left disarmed politically. It upswing was made possible only in the hearts of the masses and will strument that could assure success must be added that those who thought thanks to the double-edged Bolshevik sooner or later take the revenge. But against .the counterrevolution; that is, that guerrilla war could be counted policy. While participating in the front a party that has deserted the class a Bolshevik-type party that would on to provide a shortcut, obviating lines of the struggle against Kornilov, at the moment of danger will never have taken as its axis of action the the need for a revolutionary party, the Bolsheviks did not take the slight­ come to life again." (Op. cit., p. 132.) establishment of a workers and peas­ must likewise share political responsi­ est responsibility for the policy of Communist greetings, with a hope ants government. Through articles bility for this failure. Insistence on Kerensky. On the contrary, they de­ for a rectification. and documents, Intercontinental Press assigning political responsibility, let nounced him as responsible for the - Gote Kilden has urged .such a course since Allen­ it be repeated, does not deny the hero­ reactionary attack and as incapable de's popular-front government came ism of individual members of these of overcoming it. In this way they Reply- to power in 1970. currents who took up arms in a des­ prepared the political premises of the The sentences to which Comrade perate struggle against the counter­ October Revolution, in which the alter­ Kilden calls attention are from the The quotations from Trotsky are revolutionaries; nor does it deny the native Bolshevism or counterrevolu­ final section of Gerry Foley's analysis pertinent in that they indicate the poli­ positive role that their heroism can tion (communism or fascism) evolved of the coup in Chile. They appear cy that a revolutionary party would play in a future upsurge of the class from a historic tendency into aliving under the subheading: "What Was have followed in Chile. Against the struggle in Chile. and immediate reality." (Leon Lacking in Chile?" Foley offered as counterrevolutionary moves of the Trotsky, The Spanish Revolution, pp. his answer that what was lacking was generals, a revolutionary party would After seeing what happened in Chile, 296-97.) a Bolshevik-type party. have defended the popular-front gov­ many who held illusions about Allen­ In separation from the context, . the ernment while opposing it politically. de will now agree that the "peaceful, Maybe Comrade Foley has the opin­ sentences can be misinterpreted. We When the generals were defeated, it parliamentary road to socialism" ion that there was no possibility to appreciate Comrade Kilden's calling would have moved to topple the Ke­ proved once again to be a deadly win the battle. Maybe that's why he our attention to this. rensky of 1973 and replace his regime trap. It is to be hoped that they will writes that the young former guerrillas There was no intent, however, to with a workers and peasants govern­ also draw the still deeper lesson-the "died heroically in a futile [!] defense insult those who fought in defense of ment. But the Chilean workers lacked need to build a revolutionary party of a capitulationist government." (In­ their lives, their rights, or their gains such a party. They had no way of in time. This was what Gerry Foley tercontinental Press, September 24, p. under the Allende regime against the effectively applying the policy advo­ sought to stress in his analysis of 1051.) But this doesn't change things: military butchers. Quite the contrary! cated by Trotsky and practiced by the the coup. "A revolutionary party will always Foley's point was strictly political Bolsheviks in 1917. -Editor

Consuela Alonso Ferreira (in reality tiona! protest. The woman was alloweri Mirtha Fernandez Pucurull, the widow to leave for Sweden, where she was re­ of a Tupamaro leader slain in 1970), portedly rushed to a hospital in grave is a 31-year-old Uruguayan woman condition. 15,000 killed Swedish who took refuge in the Swedish Em­ In the same period, other extreme Upon his arrival in Sweden after bassy in Santiago after the September violations of international law oc­ 11 coup. When she was found to have curred. On December 3, according to being expelled from Chile, Swed­ ambassador uterine cancer, Ambassador Edelstam the December 6 Le Monde, three per­ ish ex-ambassador Harald Edelstam managed to get permission for her to sons were wounded as they were enter­ told reporters that approximately undergo surgery in a Chilean clinic. ing the Panamanian Embassy. The 15,000 people had been killed expelled But the junta broke its word and vio­ soldiers on guard around the building since the rightist coup Sept. 11. lated the protection of the Swedish Em­ opened fire on them after they were al­ "Torture and arrests of people con­ ready behind the gate. bassy. Nor did the police and soldiers tinue in Chile three months after from Chile of the bloodthirsty U. S.-backed re­ "While Consuela Ferreira was lying gime respect the persons of the French the military take-over," he stated. half conscious after the operation, sev­ and Swedish ambassadors. Th_e police Edelstam's estimate was that The ouster of the Swedish ambassa­ eral plainclothes detectives forced their called an army unit to drag the semi­ 7,000 people were arrested since dor, who has saved hundreds of po­ way into the clinic in an attempt to conscious woman away. litical refugees from death, torture, and the coup, and 30,000 lefthomeless. arrest her. Ambassador Edelstam was "The diplomats went into the ward prison camps at the hands of the jun­ As to U.S. involvement in the called by some doCtors. He rushed to stop the soldiers from taking the ta, is an indication that the regime is coup, Edelstam said, "The Ameri­ to the clinic together with five embas­ patient out on a stretcher," Informa­ sy officials. He was also accompanied tion continued. "Edelstam and his sec­ still trying to close the few escape cans are everywhere in South by the French ambassador, Pierre de retary _were pushed aside. The Swed­ routes that remain for the political America, and it wouldn't surprise Menthon, and later joined by a West ish ambassador was knocked down exiles trapped in the country. At the me if they were involved in some German U. N. official." and struck in the face .... Various same time, the release of Mirtha Fer­ way or at least knew what was nandez Pucurull shows that continued This is the way the Copenhagen patients suffered nervous collapse and coming." daily Information described the start fainted." international protests can keep these routes open. of the incident that led to the Chilean Once again, however, the junta was junta's expulsion of the Swedish am­ forced, despite its savagery, to back­ bassador on December 4. track under the pressure of interna- Intercontinental Press ton and Peking evidently helped pave it too would favor such a tacit agree­ Afrique Asi~ Paris; Aboral, Santo Domingo; Andishe va Honar, Teheran; Avan­ the way for this compromise agree­ ment. The November 30 Washington zada Socialista, Buenos Aires; Bandera Roja, Mexico City; Bandiera Rossa, Rome; ment. On his way from Peking to Post, reporting on Brezhnev's trip to Bohemia, Havana; La Brech~ Lausanne; Bresch~ Zurich; Direct Action, Sydney; Tokyo during his November diplo­ India, mentioned his proposal for an Ettalaat, Teheran; La Gauch~ Brussels; Hsinhua, Hong Kong; Inpnleorr, Stuttgart; matic tour, Secretary of State Henry international conference to discuss a Izvestia, Moscow; K!amleampen, Aarhus, Denmark; K!assenkampt Luxembourg; Kissinger stopped for a few hours collective security system for Asia. Labor Challeng~ Toronto; La Rai, Calcutta; Liberation, Montreal; Marrha, Monte­ in Seoul to reassure President Park "Brezhnev said the need for such a video; The Militant, New York; Le Monde, Paris; Mullvaden, Stockholm; La Na­ Chung Hee that Washington had no system was a natural outgrowth of the don, Buenos Aires; The N!!U! Yom Times; La Opinion, Buenos Aires; Peking Re­ intention of withdrawing its military detente between the Soviet Union and vii!UI; Pravda, Moscow; Qtllltrieme Internationale, Paris; Red Weekly, London, Revista forces from South Korea. The No­ the United States," wrote the Post. Such de America, Buenos Aires; Rood, Ghent; Rouge, Paris; Revolucion Peruana, Lima; vember 20 Christian Science Monitor a "security system" would have to Sekai Kukumei, Tokyo; Socialist Action, Wellington; Voz Socialista, Caracas; Vrij reported "informed sources" as specu­ include Korea. Nederland, Amsterdam; Was Tun, Frankfurt. lating that "China tacitly approves the Part of the UN agreement also in­ There is only one way to get the news of the world each week without having continued presence of American troops cluded the dissolution of UNCURK a subscription to Intercontinental Press- read each of the above newspapers in South Korea and fears that Japa­ (the United Nations Commission for and more. nese forces might come fill the vacuum the Unification and Rehabilitation of But even if you had the money and the language skill, you would still miss if American troops left. Korea). the special quality that makes Intercontinental Press stand out from other weeklies -analyses of the important events by our staff of experienced political writers. "This was one of the messages that The disbanding of UNCURK in no You would also miss the documents and interviews that appear in Intercontinental U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissin­ way affects the U.S. military presence Press. Most of these are not attainable elsewhere. ger brought to Seoul in his 4. 5-hour in Korea. Even if the UN banner rf you want accurate information, understandable analyses, you need a sub­ visit here Nov. 16." were removed, U.S. troops would still scription to Intercontinental Press. Send $7.50 for six months to Intercontinental While the Kremlin may not have remain under the bilateral security pact Press, P.O. Box 116, Village Stn., New York, NY 10014. had a direct hand in the compromise, 'Washington has with Seoul. World Outlook W0/4

Crisis for Velasco regime Teachers'strike touches off mass protests in Peru "The government suspended consti­ paralysis of vehicular traffic were also He noted, moreover, that Pop~ Neo-Colonialism, reported that the tutional guarantees, declared a state grave. A shortage of fuel has Paul VI and the Peruvian hierarchy latest issue of the magazine Sociedad of emergency, and imposed an eight­ developed in Puno, Cuzco, and Are­ had declared their support for his y Politica, of which Quijano is the hour curfew to contain a wave of quipa." government's policy because of its editor, had been confiscated. Early violence in the southern cities of Are­ The strike leadership in Arequipa "humanism." in October a letter from another friend quipa and Puno," Jose Calmet wrote city imposed an effective control over But General Velasco's message to in Lima brought the disturbing in­ in the November 22 issue of the the distribution of food, the Buenos the strikers did not take- a notably formation that Quijano and Julio Cot­ Buenos Aires daily La Opinion on the Aires Trotskyist weekly Avanzada "humanist" tone. Here is the way La ler, a sociology professor at Lima's events touched off by the Peruvian Socialista indicated in its November Opinion's correspondent summarized San Marco University and a member teachers' strike. "In Arequipa ... the 29 issue. Food stores whose owners his remarks in the November 24 issue of the Editorial Cot\lmittee of Sociedad violence culminated last night in an did not follow the discipline of the of the Buenos Aires daily: y Politica, had been summarily de­ assault on two police stations. Two strike were sacked. An alliance de­ "On the agitation unleashed by the ported to Argentina. These acts on the persons were killed" and seventeen in­ veloped between the unions and the extremists in Arequipa and Puno, part of the Peruvian military junta jured." farmers in the region, who distributed using the leaders of the so-called Sin­ against two of Latin America's most In the last two weeks of Novemb~r, 50,000 liters of milk free to the dicato Unico de Trabajadores de la distinguished Marxist soci&:l scientists mass mobilizations in support of the strikers. Ensenanza en el Peru as the pivot, constitute a serious blow to the entire teachers' demands for trade-union The regional council of the CG TP General Velasco Alvarado said: 'The Latin American Left. The immediate rights created one of the gravest crises (Confederaci6n General de Trabaja­ men of the revolution are obligated cause was apparently the inclusion in the history of the "progressive" mili­ dores del Peru- General Federation to defend it with all the weapons at in Sociedad y Politica of an editorial tary regime of General Juan Velasco of Peruvian Workers), Calmet went on their command.'" denouncing the brutal military coup Alvarado. to say, was going to join in the strike. The government's favorite weapon, in Chile and of an article by Cotler These actions marked a resurgence Since the Communist party, which the reporters present could be expected sharply critical of the Peruvian regime. in the militant high-school teachers dominates the leadership of the CGTP, to remember, has been deportation, At the same time, as Quijano empha­ movement after the strike of early fall has been the most uncritical defender rather than the long jail terms favored sized in the communication mentioned 1971, which was broken by military of the junta and its policies, the pres­ by the previous regime. Perhaps be­ above, the magazine had at all times repression, including the arbitrary de­ sure from the ranks for supporting cause the junta has had the advice scrupulously avoided any infraction portation of the main union leaders. militant trade-union action in defiance and help of the whole spectrum of of the press laws promulgated by the The Trotskyist peasant union leader of the government must have been the opportunist left, from the Com­ military junta itself. . . . Acts of this Hugo Blanco, the most well-known considerable. munist party to the ex-Trotskyist Is­ kind speak louder than volumes of revolutionary leader in the country, The junta left no doubt that it was mae! Frias to the former guerrilla official propaganda about the 'rev­ was deported at the same time for determined to crush the latest leader Hector Bejar, it has been able olutionary' nature of the military dic­ speaking in defense of the teachers' "unauthorized" strike as it did the one to exercise its repression more skill­ tatorship now in power in Peru." strike. in 1971. Among other things, it re- fully than its predecessors, and temper The Monthly Review editors called In this country of about 12,000,000 for protests against the persecution inhabitants, the teachers, numbering of Quijano and Cotler. more than 100,000, form one of the In his article in the November 27 largest and most impoverished layers La Opinion, Miguez indicated that the of white-collar workers, and they are junta's recent repressive moves were closely tied to the combative student a sign that its "native Bonapartism" organizations. was less and less able to contain the With the support of the students and increasing social tensions in the coun­ sections of the workers, the strike in try: late November by SUTEP (Sindicato "It is clear that the government still Unico de Trabajadores de la Educa­ lacks the necessary popular support ci6n del Peru- United Federation of and social base required to endure Educational Workers of Peru) para­ as a civilian national government." lyzed the three major cities in the southern part of the country and ap­ Such a regime is unlikely to be able parently won the support of a to resist the pressures as U.S. impe­ majority of teachers nationwide. rialism moves, in the wake of the Chile In Arequipa a trade-union united coup, to limit still more the room front, the Comite de Defensa del Fuero for "nationalist" experiments. On the Sindical (Trade~ Union Rights Defense other hand, its ability to maintain Committee), called a general strike to its control over the workers seems to demand the release of imprisoned be eroding rapidly. The last reports SUTEP leaders, according to Calmet. in the international press indicated that Mass demonstrations in support of the the recent struggle for trade-union action led to a violent explosion in rights has made a deep impact on at the traditionally combative industrial least the southern region: city. "The streets of Cuzco are still being "The incidents occurred in the General Velasco Alvarado (right) has resorted to both demagogy and repression patrolled by the army," a dispatch downtown area," Calmet reported, to counter the new upsurge. from Lima repo,rted in the November "near the markets and inside the uni­ 29 La Opinion. versity district ... Government of­ "The students barricaded in the uni­ fices were attacked, including the ersity district have not cleared out Banco de la Naci6n and SINAMOS sorted to the "guerrilla" scenario that it with a heavy dose of demagogy. and have received food and clothing [Sistema Nacional de Apoyo alaMo­ is now classic in Latin American coun­ But open political opposition on the from local representatives of the Inter­ vilizaci6n Social- National Network tries. The minister of the interior an­ left is immediately and ruthlessly national Red Cross. for Supporting the Social Mobiliza­ nounced: "The forces of public order crushed. After deporting the teachers "In Arequipa, 300 kilometers to the tion, the junta's organ for social worl5 have discovered that in order to ex­ union leaders and Hugo Blanco, the west of Cuzco, a curfew is also in and propaganda]. acerbate the conflict, the extremists in­ junta has now gone to the point of effect On Tuesday [November 27] a "The demonstrators threw up barri­ tended to use arms and explosives expelling individual socialist intellec­ day of mourning was observed for the cades and stoned the police forces, stored in Puno and Arequipa." The tuals who raise any criticisms of the victims of last week's incidents.... who fired in the air and launched local papers, Calmet noted, carried government. "All the workers and students wore gas grenades in an attempt to dis­ pictures of the "confiscated arms." The U.S. academic socialist journal b1ack armbands and a black flag was perse them." As the labor movement threatened Monthly Review made this complaint raised in the university ~istrict. ... Reports in the carefully censored to break loose from its tutelage, the in its November issue about the treat­ "In the banks the workers observed Peruvian press indicated tlJ.at the strike government escalated its social dema­ ment of two of its Peruvian collabora­ a minute of silence in memory of the _halted a wide range of economic ac­ gogy. On November 21, General Vel­ tors: events that occurred in the general tiyities throughout the southern region. asco promised to incorporate "sug­ "A communication from Lima, Peru, strike of the Arequipa trade unions gestions" from the people into a pro­ dated September 25th and signed by in defense of the teachers fired be­ "It was reported that the material jected law to put a section of the our good friend Anibal Quijano, au­ cause of their activity in SUTEP, a losses for the seven days of the strike economy under "workers self-manage­ thor of MR Press book Nationalism union that the government does not were very high; losses caused by the ment." and Capitalism in Peru: A Study in recognize and .calls 'ultraleftist. National Picket Line Frank Lovell It\, Capitalism's best I am one brother among many who have been dealt capitalism's Steelworkers & democracy best. I'm being held for ransom The following is a guest column by Herman Kirsch, conference of steelworkers that their rights will finally of 20 to 30 years for a crime I had who is the Socialist Workers Party candidate' for be won only by their own actions, which must go and still have no knowledge of. lieutenant governor of Ohio. beyond the limits imposed by the union. I read 1'he Militant from brothers New sounds are coming from the steel mills these The first speaker at the conference was James Davis here with me. I would like to days. Not the roar of blast furnaces or the whining from Youngstown Local 1462. He is national vice­ receive 1'he Militant and will en­ of electric motors moving giant overhead cranes. president of the Afro-American Labor Council and deavor to keep you informed as to Steelworkers are demanding a voice in the affairs chairman of a Black steelworkers caucus. "Any move­ events that may occur here in this of their union and a free hand to protect themselves ment which is not in support of Black workers is concentration camp. against the steel companies. doomed to failure," he said. He spoke about con­ A prisoner A Midwest conference of union leaders opposed to ditions in the mills and in the Black communities. Mississippi the company-oriented policies of United Steelworkers The Steelworkers union has failed to fight for plant­ President I.W. Abel met in Youngstown on Dec. 9. wide seniority and preferential hiring of Blacks in Thirty-five delegates from 25 United Steelworkers skilled classifications where they are still excluded. A brother died of America (USWA) locals came from Illinois, Near the close of the conference Alice Peurala of Today a brother died here. The Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. One-third were Chicago Local 65 spoke on the need to project mean­ Department of Corrections will, as Black. ingful demands for the 1974 bargaining-substantial so many times in the past, issue a Ed Mann, president of Youngstown Local 1462, wage increases, a better cost-of-living clause, the four­ statement claiming suicide. But we extended a warm welcome and opened the conference. day workweek with no reduction in pay, and no the people who are fighting the It was called specifically to organize opposition to more layoffs. yoke of oppression know better! the Experimental Negotiating Agreement (ENA), The conference planned a rally in Youngstown He was murdered by the system, which was signed this year by Abel and the steel for Jan. 1 against the ENA. It also made plans by their callous disregard for companies. Under this "no-strike" agreement, all un­ for the USW A basic-steel conference in Washington, human life. resolved issues are to be submitted to binding D.C., on Jan. 9-10. Several of us watched from the arbitration when the basic steel agreement expires Joe Kun from Local 1462 may have expressed open windows in front of our cells next summer. the feelings of most steelworkers when he said, "I'm the futile attempts made to save Resolutions condemning the EN A have been against this ENA. I've been experimented with all another fellow prisoner. Later when adopted by many USWA locals from coast to coast. my life- in the depression of the 1930s, in the second the same nurse responded to anoth­ Petitions have been circulated on the job to reject world war, and in the plant. I don't want to be er call, we asked him why wasn't this undemocratic agreement. Papers have been experimented with for the next three years." a doctor called to aid him? He signed by thousands of steelworkers retaining Rutgers Steelworkers are not the only ones who must sense said, "Doctors are not on duty at University professor Arthur Kinoy and attorney that they are the victims of experiments in profit night." Michael Tigar to represent them in a court action gouging-fuel shortages, high prices, unemployment, Why not? You would think that to declare the ENA null and void on the grounds low wages, race and sex discrimination, dangerous an institution of this size would that it violates their basic rights as union members. working conditions, polluted air and water, poor employ a qualified doctor 24 The primary aim is to gain more democracy in the schools, and all the other evils of capitalism. hours each day. This would union- the right to vote on all contracts. The times cry out for workers to move massively ensure over 1,400 men the proper Such court actions can serve to scandalize the Abel against these evils. The Youngstown conference of medical care. The question that bureaucracy. But it was generally recognized at this dissident steelworkers was a signal that they will. immediately entered into our minds is this: would this man be alive today if there were a doctor on duty? i La Raza en AccicSn! A prisoner New York Miguel Pendas Important publication I'm engaged in writing a book that hopefully will throw more A reply to Gutierrez light on prisons, the educa- tional institutions, and the family In a recent open letter to the Chicano movement, that exploits them here is sucking the blood of the structure. Just recently, I was Jose Angel Gutierrez expresses sharp disagreement masses of Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The fortunate in reading a copy of with the outlook of many Raza Unida Party activists. murderers of students in Mexico, the torturers in Bra­ 1'he Militant. As I read it, I Gutierrez is a leader of the Texas party and was zil, the mass executioners and book burners in Chile began to realize how important elected chairman of the Congreso de Aztltm at the -none of these could exist without the aid of the your publication is in terms of El Paso conference of Raza Unida parties last year. U.S. government. presenting an alternative view­ Gutierrez criticizes the Colorado and California And it is not simply a question of solidarity with point to the various establishment parties for having taken stands in support of the the victims of yanqui imperialism abroad. Struggles literary organs. independence movement in Puerto Rico, the Cuban of the oppressed in other countries have a great A prisoner revolution, and revolutionary struggles in Mexico, bearing on struggles here. When workers and cam­ California Chile, and Africa. He asserts that Chicanos "under­ pesinos in other lands deal a blow to the imperialist stand little and care less" about these things. monster, it strengthens the movement for Chicano Gutierrez recommends that the partido confine its liberation. Conversely, every victory for imperialism abroad serves to maintain exploitation and oppres­ Paroled I interests and activities to such issues as education, sion at home. It turns out I am being paroled. health care, wages, and elections. Attacking those in the Raza Unida Party who are But Chicanos are not as disinterested in world I want to thank you at this affairs as Gutierrez would have us believe. A dramatic interested in socialist ideas, he implies that there is time for your solidarity over the case in point was reported in last week's Militant. no place for them in the party. last year and a half. I want to Linda Wine, reporting on the coup in Chile for the tell you that the subscriptions To those who are thinking along these lines, Gu­ U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin American Political you sent are very, very important tierrez has the following advi~e: "If they want a rev­ Prisoners, was enthusiastically received by Chicanos to many prisoners other than olutionary party, let them form one. If they want in south Texas. myself. a socialist party, let them join one. If they want an To hear Gutierrez tell it, those activists who are The permanent revolution is no international movement, let them keep poking their internationalists or who are considering socialist ideas secret to many men and women noses into world affairs." don't do anything but read books all day and make throughout state and federal This is a very narrow outlook. speeches. prisons because of 1'he Militant To be sure, La Raza Unida must immerse itself But he knows this is not the case. For example, and International Socialist Review. in the struggles for better schools, higher wages, Raza Unda activists in Colorado, a state singled out And, like myself, many of these adequate health care. Many of these struggles will by Gutierrez, carry out many activities relating to same folks will be joining you point toward the need for the Chicano people to con­ the day-to-day needs of Chicanos. in struggle out there very trol their communities. And the party must run vig­ soon. orous election campaigns. The Raza Unida parties are undergoing a process For a workers government! But if La Raza Unida is to offer a clear alternative of development. Vital questions of philosophy and A prisoner to the Democratic and Republican parties and the political program are still being thought through. Indiana racist oppression they represent, it will also explain The ideas of socialists are highly relevant in this that the plight that besets the Chicano masses is not discussion. The letters column is an open forum just an unhappy c'oincidence. It is the result of a If Gutierrez disagrees with those favoring an inter­ for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ reactionary social, economic, and political system. nationalist perspective for the movement and/or con­ eral interest to our readers. Please For La Raza Unida to be effective, it must also fight sideration of socialist ideas, he should argue the keep your letters brief. Where neces­ the disease, not just the symptoms. question politically. This is the positive way of re­ sary they will be abridged. Please in­ Gutierrez sayo~ Chicanos are not interested in what solving political disputes. It cannot be done by trying dicate if your name may be used or happens outside the barrio. Well, to the extent that to silence or drive out those with differing views. if you prefer that your initials be used this is the case, the the role of Raza Unida must Attempts to do it that way can only injure the partido instead. be to educate them. Explain to them that the system and the cause of Chicano liberation.

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 13 The Great Society Harry Ring

And rightly so- The president's phy­ Tickets may be issued where there is party of 14 included the governor's sician complains that Nixon's setting a violation, and the alien visitors may wife and her hairdresser. The trip took a fuel conservation example by spend­ be searched. Males and females will 65,000 gallons of fuel. ing more weekends in Washington be separated for questioning. And if means he'll do less swimming and they talk back, just bust heads, right? Some of us, at any rate-" Our whole walking. Asked why the president way of life depends on profit"-Gov­ couldn't walk on the White House Conservation/ tips - Representative ernor Reagan. grounds, the doc explained it was bet­ Glenn Anderson (D-Calif.) and his wife ter for him to do his walking "where are conserving energy. They've shut True paytriots- Convicted Watergate no one's going to be watching him." down their electrically generated water­ burglar Frank Sturgis was also con­ fall, and Ms. Anderson waits till her victed with several other Cuban exiles Problems, problems- If drivers think hair is half dry before getting under of having operated a stolen car ring the gas shortage is tough on them, the dryer. They have three couples in 1968. Their defense was that in they should consider the problems for dinner instead of one, thus re­ 1968 they were busy preparing an confronting the oil industry. For in­ ducing the number of dinner parties. invasion of Cuba. Which, for official stance, when the price of gas goes to They try to invite people from the White House plumbers, is perfectly le­ more than a dollar a gallon, every same neighborhood so they can po.ol gal, right? pump in the country will have to be up. replaced. The present ones can't list Videogate- A Newsweek letter writer prices beyond 99.9 cents. Promoters- Taxpayers and gas users says the government may be moving alike will be gratified that our good to take over TV and that this could No parking- Detroit police have their president assigned an Air Force jet give new content to some of the old instructions for dealing with UFOs. to fly that sterling opponent of tax programs, like "To Tell the Truth," Top priority is to get them to the waste, Governor Reagan, to the Orient "What's My Line?," "I've Got a Se­ ground, even if a bullhorn is required. to "promote trade." The promotion cret," and "Father Knows Best" 'Unfair? Lady, rich rolko pay the I!RIIleprkeouyou'

By Any Means Necessary How to handle Shockley Baxter Smith Some universities have recently put out the wel­ On the campus, open admissions and Black response. A united protest- demonstrations, pick­ come mat for Dr. William Shockley. studies programs are being questioned or cur­ ets, and boycotts of his meetings- by all students Shockley is a Nobel Prize-winning physicist­ tailed. "Educators" sometimes seek tuition hikes and faculty opposed to the preaching of racist he is credited with inventing the transistor. He on the assumption that Black people don't really ideas on the campus is needed. This is the best is also a propagator of racist, pseudoscientific deserve a college education. method of fighting Shockley and other racists like theories of inherent Black inferiority. Lately these him who he is emboldening. theories have been granted an unearned respect­ Shockley's ideas provide a convenient rationale Such a mass-action campaign can be effective. ability as a result of his campus lectures and de­ for prison mind-control programs where psycho­ At Princeton, when Shockley spoke, 500 protesters bates. surgery and psychotherapy are applied to Blacks demonstrated. Shockley stubbornly defends the results of biased deemed by prison officials to be "chronic prob­ Other strategies fall short of what is needed. IQ tests as proof of white superiority and talks lems." Small groups of protesters disrupting his meet­ about Black crime statistics and Black predilection They are used to justify the maintenance of ar­ ings-as occurred recently at Staten Island Com­ for violence. He raps "the encouragement to have mies of cops in the ghettos who maintain our op­ munity College- have allowed his protectors the large families that our welfare programs have pression through murder and frame-up. opportunity to confuse the real issue. They then given to the least effective elements of our popu­ And they are used to justify cutbacks of already claim that Shockley's civil liberties are being de­ lation." scarce funding for various social welfare nied by undemocratic students. And the attempt These racist ideas must be combated because programs. to pressure campus officials into canceling his they are used to justify the oppression of Black Recently at New York University a Conference appearances concedes to such officials the right people. Just as racism developed to justify the Against Racism was held that discussed how to to decide who can and cannot speak on campus. enslavement of Black Africans. Just as Hitler used combat white-supremacists like Shockley. Other This is a right that the students should hold and anti-Semitism to justify the killing of six million such conferences have been planned and show should enforce through their own power organized Jews. the depth of opposition that exists on campuses independently of such officials. Such racist ideas cover for the moves to cut to such ideas. So, when Shockley comes to your campus, make back or cut out the meager gains that Blacks Shockley's attempts to spread his filth on the sure large numbers of students show him that have won through struggle. campuses should be met with a massive organized he and his racist ideas are not welcome.

Women In Revolt Linda Jenness;~~£Y~~ _;:,:-~~L!~"'·;::'

~-._,;j:_.. i<.'!«-.V Union women on the march -~~·-., .... ~, The Coalition of Labor Union Women held its United States. Yet, union sisters are only three mil­ our time has .come. We are here to say our needs East Coast planning meeting in Philadelphia Dec. lion strong. In other words, our 30 million un­ have been ignored way too long. 8 ... Three hundred women attended to discuss plans organized working sisters have no way to fight As women we do have special concerns. Yes, for the national conference to be held in Chicago job discrimination . . . no way to protect their we get pregnant and have children. But we don't March 23-24. benefits ... no way to fight inflation ... and, want to be forced to quit or take a sick leave for The following are major excerpts from the open­ most important, they have no job security. pregnancy. We should be able to decide when or ing speech presented by Shelli Sonstein, one of the Without unions, working women have nothing. how long we want to take off the job for preg­ organizers of the meeting and a member of the The best way women workers can fight against job nancy ... with full compensation. American Federation of Television and Radio discrimination is through the unions. One of our We have footed the bill for child care too long. Artists. most important tasks is to bring these 30 million It is time for the employers and the government unorganized women into the unions. to provide child care. Sisters, we are making history. Union women Without the unions, women will be forced to ac­ We are union members and union activists. But are organizing for our rights. For over 100 years, cept the same arguments from employers. Employ­ we know there is a need for a change in women have built the union movement in this ers tell us that women only work for pin money, our unions. We see that we are underrepresented. country. Yet, for over 100 years, we have been that women should not be promoted because we Our unions have not taken our needs seriously. denied equal status with men. will marry, get pregnant, and have children. We But we can see the beginnings of change. The We get 60 percent of men's earnings, we are all know these arguments. We hear them all the AFL-CIO endorsed the Equal Rights Amendment. denied equal promotional opportunities, and we time. We know they are completely false. We forced that change. Union women forced that are denied equal representation in union structures. We work because we have to. We need money change. We are demanding that the unions take All across the country, union women are holding to struggle with the problems of inflation, rent, us seriously and women's issues seriously. And, meetings to discuss our special problems and con­ food, and doctors' bills. Four million working from the endorsements and support we have re­ cerns. Union women's conferences have been held women have children. One out of every nine women ceived for this conference, we know we are on in Chicago, New York, St Louis, Ann Arbor. workers .heads a family. And they tell us we work our way. We constitute two-fifths of· all the workers in for pin money? We can't do it without the unions and the unions this country, and our numbers are growing every We are here to destroy these myths. We want can't do it without us. Together, we are going to year. There are 33 million female workers in the the bosses, the government, and the unions to know win our goals.

14 Gov't wage controls are target of strikes across country; ·workers' patience low By FRANK LOVELL ers who refused to come to terms on These strikes and impending strikes for a working relationship he has es­ Strikes in several cities across the production standards. all have in common the demands of tablished with certain top officials of country, beginning this fall, served Before the final terms of the new workers for an end to government the union movement and the services notice that workers will no longer contracts could be clarified or tested, wage controls and other repressive they render him. quietly suffer the steady decline in their auto workers were hit by an avalanche measures by police, courts, and gov­ Union members are not privy to the living standard without trying to halt of more than 200,000 layoffs caused ernment agencies of all kinds that de­ private arrangements that have de­ this downward trend. by industry conversion to small-car press their standard of living. The veloped between the labor and gov­ Some strikes were local and of short production to meet the fuel shortage, strike of low-paid New York hospi­ ernment bureaucracies, nor are we told duration; others are national in scope and to satisfy other needs of the giant tal workers and the unjust settlement of the common "understandings" that and likely to continue into the new auto companies. imposed on them is an example of exist between them. But others are. year. They signal an end of the so­ e Striking cabin attendants closed how the government bureaucracy op­ Those who share the interests and called labor peace that has been im­ Trans World Airlines, and planes of erates against the working class. outlook of the employing class, and posed by government wage-control that company were grounded for six One of the lessons of the hospital analyze developments in the union agencies with the participation of the weeks. This strike was provoked by workers' strike that applies to all the movement for their benefit, hold fre­ top bureaucracy of the trade-union the company and appeared to be an others is that wage controls can no quent interviews with Meany and his movement. effort to break the union. longer be imposed without the active coterie at AFL-CH' 1-teadquarters, and In recent weeks the following strikes • The New York Daily News and participation on the labor-manage­ with Dunlop and his aides. They re­ show that the patience of workers is the Washington Post were both closed ment advisory committee to the Cost port periodically on the stresses and running low: for two days by different unions de­ of Living Council by AFL-CIO Presi­ strains of the working relationship of Carpenters in the San Francisco e manding decent wages and job protec­ dent George Meany, United Auto the two groups. Bay Area are hitting building con­ tion against automation in the print­ Workers President Leonard Woodcock, A.H. Raskin, labor editor of the tractors there for a long-delayed wage ing industry. New York Times, summarized the ex­ raise that has been held back by the e Three major supermarket chains isting relations between Meany and Construction Industry Stabilization in Southern California have been Dunlop in a Nov. 11 arlicle on the Committee ( CISC), a tripartite wage­ struck by four unions- Teamsters, hospital strike when it was still un­ control agency in Washington. Meat Cutters, Machinists, and Operat­ certain what the outcome would be. • A one-week strike of 30,000 hos­ ing Engineers. About 25,000 workers He wrote: "A fundamental Dunlop pre­ pital workers in 48 New York City are involved. The Meat Cutters ex- cept in administering controls is to in­ volve labor and management as part­ private hospitals and nursing homes tended the strike statewide. Here also .was aimed against the government there appears to be a carefully planned ners with the Government in review­ wage-control agency for the health in­ drive on the part of the Food Em­ ing wage contracts. This technique has dustry, and against Nixon's Cost of ployers Council to destroy the unions enabled him to make effective use of the international presidents of build­ Living Council ( C LC ). in this industry, taking advantage of e Hospital workers at George Wash­ the energy crisis, artificial shortages ing trade unions to put the damper on fractious locals bent on upsetting ington University Hospital in Wash­ of food, an antiunion administration the stabilization formula." ington, D. C., and in hospitals in other in the state, and divisions among the Dunlop expected to do the same in cities are fighting for union represen­ striking unions. the case of the hospital workers. His tation, higher pay, and better working e Striking coal miners closed the conditions. Eastover Mining Company in Brook­ method in all instances is to stall, N.Y. Daily News was closed for two days hold back, give in grudgingly only e In Milwaukee, firemen stayed side, Ky., in a move against the giant by strike over wages and job security. home sick because they could not get Duke Power Company complex, which when the pressure of rising prices operates several nonunion mines. The forces it. Thus wage raises always lag, a wage raise to meet rising living costs. Teamsters President Frank Fitzsim- recent United Mine Workers conven­ never buy as much as would have been The National Guard was called to mons, and Steelworkers President I. W. tion in Pittsburgh served notice that possible if paid when due. fight fires and firemen. Abel. the UMW will seek to organize all The tripartite advisory committee e Electrical workers in the Miami The hospital strike was a direct chal­ area struck the Florida Power and unorganized coal miners. They also regulating health wages was prepared lenge to the Cost of Living Council, aim to force every mine in America early in November to cut back the Light Company for a wage increase the only remaining roadblock to a and improved working conditions. to operate under the terms of a na­ small overdue wage raise of hospital small wage increase awarded 16 The power company retaliated by hir­ tional contract for the industry, pay workers. The labor members on that months earlier by a New York state ing strikebreakers and accusing the union wages, contribute to the union wage-control committee, including arbitration panel. The first stage of the 4,500 striking members of the Inter- pension fund, and comply with union Max Greenberg of the Retail, Whole­ award in 1972 was held up for 11 sale and Department Store Union, in months, while food prices leaped order to forestall a showdown, moved ahead. These workers had been wait- for postponement until Nov. 30. This ing four months for their second-stage served Dunlop's purposes in the mat­ raise when they struck on Nov. 5 ter to the letter. out of desperation. Most of them were Raskin described what happened getting only $142 weekly before taxes, next. "Dr. Dunlop," says Raskin, "after and the overdue raise was only $12. checking with A.F.L.-C.I.O. headquar­ The Cost of Living Council in Wash­ ters, endorsed the postponement. His ington was under considerable pres­ experience in the rest of the stabiliza­ sure to withdraw its patently false ob­ tion program made him feel that the jections. Whatever the causes of infla­ international union [in this case tion, it could not logically be argued RWDSU] would keep its New York that such a modest wage increase for members at work during the truce." these underpaid workers would send What Dunlop felt would happen did already sky-high prices soaring high­ Continued on page 26 er. The mayor of New York, the gov­ ernor of the state, and a U.S. senator publicly urged the Cost of The government's Living Council to act favorably and with dispatch on the urgent needs of 'anti-inflation' these striking workers. program In addition, Treasury Secretary Shultz had announced that the admini­ 'You might try something I've tried stration plans soon to abolisheconom­ recently: eat a little less' -John Mc­ ic controls and that the life expectancy lane, deputy director, Cost of Living of the CLC from that point on was Council very short. As long as it manages to hang on, it is a lame-duck agency, Strike of 30,000 hospital workers in N.Y. was aimed at Nixon's Cost of living Council And the determined to do its worst before ex­ piring. socialist In the case of the hospital workers, alternative: national Brotherhood of Electrical health and safety standards. it held to its 5.5 percent formula, even Workers of "numerous acts ofviolence." e Over-the-road-drivers of operator­ though the raise that had been INFLATION: WHAT CAUSES IT, HOW e Members of the United Auto Work­ owned tractor-trucks, most of them awarded them in terms of dollars was TO FIGHT IT by linda Jenness, Dick ers struck several plants around the heavily mortgaged to banks that fi­ smaller than better-paid workers had Roberts, 24 pp., $.25 country after announcement of a new nance these high-priced rigs, began been forced to settle for in 1973. How ISSUES FACING THE lABOR MOVE­ three-year wage pattern in successive blocking major expressways Dec. 4 was it possible to single out these MENT IN THE 1970s edited by Paul settlements with Chrysler, Ford, and to protest high gas prices, government­ workers at the very bottom of the Davidson, 32 pp., $.60 General Motors. These short-term imposed speed limits, and other effects wage ladder in this harsh and un­ THE WAGE-PRICE FREEZE SWINDLE strikes were partly protests against the of the "energy crisis." The Teamsters reasonable manner? by les Evans, linda Jenness, 24 pp., low-level 3.5 percent annual wage union, in a separate move from the $.35. raises, the inadequate cost-of-living independent owner-operators, called The chairman of Nixon's CLC,John clause, and other shortcomings of the for new mileage rates to cover the r':­ Dunlop, could not have imposed his Order from: Pathfinder Press, Inc. 410 industry-wide settlement. They were duced speeds and the resulting longer will upon hospital workers and would WestSt., New York, N.Y.10014 also provoked by local plant manag- hours of drivers on the highways. not be in business today if it were not

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 15 Rank and file wins voice in union Convention of United Mine Workers sets challenge to coal o erators, government By CINDY JAQUITH afraid to raise objections. On the final PITTSBURGH -Miners are chal­ day of the convention, ignoring the lenging the idea that they should give appeals of Miller, the delegates rejected up their standard of living and their a new grievance procedure that had lives for Nixon's "equality of sacrifice" been negotiated with the coal opera­ solution to the energy crisis and infla­ tors. "The restrictions I read here are tion. This was the clear message from on the mine worker, not on manage­ the United Mine Workers of America ment," complained one speaker. (UMWA) convention held here Dec. The coal companies had hoped the 3-14. new procedure would end the series The gathering undoubtedly drew the of wildcat strikes that have persisted close attention of the coal barons and in the mines. The delegates feared it the White House, as well as attracting would take away rank-and-file ini­ the notice of workers in other unions tiative. who face similar problems. UMWA delegates approved new con­ Distortions in media· tract demands that include a cost-of­ living escalator clause, a 30-hourweek The capitalist press has played up with no reduction in wages, and sick several other defeated motions as a pay, which the miners never received sign that the new leadership lacks the before. They are also demanding a support of the membership. tripling of the royalties paid by coal In particular, a number of papers operators into the Welfare and Retire­ have tried to portray the defeat of a ment Fund, so that retired miners can motion to create a strike fund as op­ get $500 monthly pensions. position to a strike. Nothing could be The final contract will be ratified by Convention showed that miners are prepared to strike if coal bosses refuse their de­ further from the truth. the membership, a new right won at mand for better contract. In his closing remarks to the con­ vention, Miller asked delegates to ex-· the convention. The old contract runs press their sentiment about striking out Nov. 12, 1974. If necessary, the to win their new contract. He was met miners are prepared to strike to get union. W. A. "Tony" Boyle, who now and having a big mansion on the hill what they want. faces murder charges in the killing and rubbing shoulders with senators with resounding applause. Richard of "Jock" Yablonski, was ousted from and congressmen." Cicci, a delegate from Local 1190 Drive for safety the presidency. in Pennsylvania, reflected the militant mood of many miners: In his opening address to the con­ Conventions under the Boyle regime Curbs on eledion fraud "If we go on strike, Nixon might vention, UMWA President Arnold were notorious for intimidation of dis­ In another break with the past, the try and label coal miners as dam­ Miller warned that the coal companies sident delegates and lack of debate. delegates voted that every UMWA aging and hurting the security of the will now try to exploit the energy crisis As one delegate here told The Militan~ local must have at least 10 working "We were generally just called out of miners. This hotly debated motion nation. We feel this is wrong because order and had to sit down before means that the many "retiree locals" our demands have been so long waited we had a chance to present our views. in the union will no longer exist, and for. I don't think we'll accept any · I've never been to one where we had their members will be transferred to legislation ordering us back to work." access to the floor like we have at this active locals. The media also distorted the defeat one." In the past, Boyle threatened these of a motion for Nixon's resignation, retiree locals with loss Qf pensions, construing it as a sign of support among miners for the president. But Democratic atmosphere union membership, or health care if they failed to support him in the elec­ as the floor discussion demonstrated The discussion at this convention tions. Eighty thousand of the 205,- throughout the convention, miners are disgusted with Watergate and with Nix­ proceeded in a democratic manner, 000 UMW A members are retired. on. Most delegates simply did not vote with opposing views freely expressed Delegates also voted that only work­ on the motion, and many seemed to from the floor. Delegates frequently ing miners may run and vote for local view it as a distraction from the dis­ overruled the chair and they rejected president, vice-president, and mine and cussion at hand. reports that did not meet their ap­ safety committeeman. A maximum age False reporting aside, the news­ proval. limit of 64 was set for candidates papers representing the interests of the The majority of delegates were work­ in local and district elections. ing miners, and a large number had One 28-year-old delegate told The coal trusts did not miss the signifi­ never been to a UMW A convention cance of what happened at the UMWA Militan~ "The older miner is not going before, including Miller himself. A sig­ to be with us forever, so it's going convention. As an editorial in the con­ nificant number of the men were in to be left up to the younger miner. servative Pittsburgh Press warned Dec. their twenties and thirties. How important he views his role is 11, "... there should be no mis­ Many steps were taken at the con­ going to decide what kind of union reading the mood of the tough­ sounding miners and their new lead­ ARNOLD MILLER: 'To understand prob­ vention to increase the voice of the we have 20 years from now." ers, who now are turning to issues lems of miners, you have to remember rank and file in the UMWA. One pro­ The delegates looked at all the pro­ what coal dust tastes like.' posal that received particular enthu­ posals with a critical eye and were not other than cleaning up their ranks." siasm was a motion to move the The most serious of those "other issues" "as an excuse to take additional short­ UMWA headquarters out ofWashing­ is the threat of a six-month strike if cuts with our safety." ton, D. C., and into thecoalfields. When the coal operators refuse to yield on The grim reality of this danger was it passed overwhelmingly, delegates the UMWA demands. brought home by the deaths of three jumped up and down and cheered. The miners are in an excellent bar­ miners during the course of the con­ At the heart of this proposal was gaining position. The oil monopolies vention itself, all in mining accidents. the desire of the membership to make that own many coal companies want As of Nov. 9, 137 other men had the leadership more accessible. Miller to increase production of coal, but died in the mines during 1973. articulated this sentiment when he said: they can't do it without the miners. In In their new contract, the miners "To understand the problems of a the estimate of the Christian Science will be fighting for the union's right man who works eight hours a day in Monitor, "... there is every sign that to withdraw men from mines that are a coal mine, you have to remember the nation's miners are ready to strike unsafe and to make the company pay what coal dust tastes like. To rep­ the industry unless they get large con­ workers for time lost. In addition, the resent the interests of miners, you have tract gains." delegates approved having safety com­ to see a slag pile outside your win­ The Monitor also noted another as­ mitteemen in every mine, to be elected dow, not a skyscraper. To lead the pect of the UMWA convention that by the union. United Mine Workers of America, you surely alarms the coal bosses and A drive to organize unorganized can't be shielded from the look in Nixon too: "... the mine union's top miners, beginning in Brookside, Ky., a woman's eye while she waits for her officers ... appear less a threat to also won the convention's support. husband trapped in a mine explosion." coal peace in 1974 than its members, These proposals were passed in the The majority of delegates viewed who have been given heady new pow­ context of big changes going on within the headquarters move as a symbolic ers in Mr. Miller's 'democratization' the UMWA itself. This was the frrst break with the corruption of the Boyle of the union." convention held under the leadership regime. As James Miller from Local The capitalists have plenty of reason of Arnold Miller, president; Mike Trbo­ 8872 in West Virginia explained to to fear the logic of the democratic vich, vice-president; and Harry Pat­ The Militan~ "I think that most ofthem rights the delegates consolidated at rick, secretary-treasurer. The three that don't want to move is bureau­ Militant/Cindy Jaquith this convention. The miners are now were elected to office in December 1972 crats. They have the idea of going Convention discussion was conducted in determined to carry that fight into on a program of democratizing the to Washington themselves sometime democratic manner. the arena of contract negotiations.

16 Coal miners speak out on energy crisis, politicians, and democracy in their union By ED HEISLER of democracy. He has shown that tinental Oil owns Consolidated Coal, PITTSBURGH - I attended the rank-and-file miners can run their one of the largest coal producers in the United Mine Workers convention as union. A lot of delegates here would United States. We are not just fighting the Socialist Workers Party candidate never have been delegates before the coal operators now. We're fighting for U.S. senator from Illinois, and as under Boyle." Henry was active in the big energy trusts. Antitrust laws a railroad switchman and member of Miners for Democracy, the group that don't seem to mean anything." the United Transportation Union. Un- backed Miller in the 1972 union elec­ He added, "They are not going to like most of the Democratic and Re- tions. speed up a coal miner if he don't want publican politicians who appeared Lewis Pierce, a delegate from Local to be speeded up. We don't intend to briefly to address the gathering and 6023 in West Virginia, said he did not tolerate anything from the companies then left, I came to talk with the miners support Miller in the 1972 election. that will jeopardize the health and "But I support him now wholehearted­ safety of our people. I don't think the ly. I think the convention is going coal operators have changed much well." from 100 years ago. Their main goal Delmer Beck from Zap, N.D., is production." thought this convention was different Cicci said, "I'd definitely like to see from the one in 1964, at which he the six-hour day at eight hours' pay. was a delegate. "Men are coming out That will solve a lot of unemployment now and expressing their opinions problems. It will make more jobs. Plus fr~eely. It's real relaxed at the conven­ coal mining is a health-hazard occu­ tion. They know they have a right pation not only because it is to say something, and they do." dangerous, but because of lli.e black • On politics: lung situation. A six-hour day would Pierce told me he thought the con­ mean less time in the mine, so this vention got a lot done. "The only 'The oil companies are behind the coal would help relieve some of the work­ thing is, I didn't like all the politicians operators and they're just holding back ers from being disabled by black who came to give speeches. I don't until contract time.' lung." like being talked to death." Robert McVicker from Local 1267 Richard Cicci, a delegate from Local in Kansas said, "The main concern 1190 in Pennsylvania, said, :we need much on these demands, he thought as far as wages go is the cost-of-living more representation oflabor in Wash­ there would be a strike. clause." ington. We have no really good repre­ "I know there's going to be a strike," e The miners were in solidarity with sentation of labor people now. Only a Pierce said. "Miners have always been the protests by truckers against high person who has worked with the work­ no contract, no work. If you look fuel prices and lower speed limits. ers knows how they feel, what their back in our history you will find that Burke said, "A friend of mine is a demands are, and what their needs the UMW went out on strike during a truck driver, and the prices they have are. People who do not work in world war. I hope we get a contract, to pay for fuel are ridiculous." industry and have had everything but we'll cross that bridge when we "I feel the truckers are doing it out handed to them on a platter run for come to it." of their heart," said Cicci.. "They're 'We don't intend to tolerate anything office and try to tell you they are for Burke said, "If we have no contract, concerned about the nation as a from the companies that will jeopardize labor. It's hard to take." no work. If the government orders us whole, and I honor their blockades." the health and safety of our people.' Luther Burke from Local 1441 in back to work we'd fight it." e On lifestyles: Ohio said, "If we had a coal miner • What about the "energy crisis?" James Scott from Local 6039 in and listen to what they had to say. as president of the United States, a Burke says he doesn't believe there West Virginia told me, "If a boy joins Here are some of their views on few of these coal mines would shape is an energy crisis. "I think the oil the union and he wears his hair down several issues: up a lot better. A labor party would companies are behind the coal opera- to his damn knees- I don't care, as e About the changes in their union: be all right." . tors and are just holding back until long as he's a member of the United John Henry, a delegate from Local e On the chances of a strike: contract time. When we go out on Mine Workers union and stands up for . 1131 in Illinois, said, "This is the Henry told me miners are primarily strike we are going to have. all kinds it." most democratic convention in the concerned about the welfare fund, of oil flowing." "Let him do whatever he wants history of the United Mine Workers seniority rights, and safety in the Henry said, "The oil companies to do. That's- not my business," Scott of America. Arnold Miller is a student mines. H the coal operators won't give have a big monopoly in energy. Con- said. Interview With Ky. black lung activist Black lung is a miners' disease caused arrest of Grills, along with striking money used to do research on black the hospital receives from the union's by years of coal dust building up in miners and members of the Brook­ lung and other miners' ailments, as welfare and retirement fund. The reso­ the lungs. Its victims suffer shortness side Women's Club. Slapped with a well as to pay for regular examina­ lution also asked that rank-and-ffie of breath, they cough up blood, tire $500 fine he could not pay, Grills tions of the men currently in the mines. miners be represented on the boards easily, and usually die prematurely. spent two days in jail. Grills worked . in Harlan County of all UMW A health clinics. Members of the Harlan County In addition to its involvement in mines for 20 years. He remembers Black Lung Association are among the Brookside strike, the Black Lung how in the 1950s, the United Mine the most ardent supporters of the Association is fighting for better health Workers built 10 hospitals to serve miners' strike in Brookside for rec­ care for miners and other workers in its members and their families. "The ognition of the United Mine Workers eastern Kentucky. Much of this fight union put an assessment on the coal of America (UMWA) contract. centers on the Harlan Appalachian miners, they built the hospitals, and Recently The Militant interviewed Regional Hospital, the only hospital they even hired the doctors and staff. Hobert Grills, chairman of the associa­ in the area for poor people. "The hospitals were run in good tion, in Evarts, Ky. Grills actively Miners who have black lung fre­ order as long as the union ran them. campaigned for Arnold Miller, quently can't get accurate diagnosis But the union claimed they were losing another black lung victim, in the at the hospital, said Grills. They also money, and this Presbyterian Church United Mine Workers' election in 1972 have difficulty obtaining the com pens a: organization bought them at about that ousted the corrupt leadership of tion that is due them from the federal half the price it cost to build them." Tony Boyle government. Grills believes this is That was during the reign of Tony Grills explained how the local chap­ partly because the hospital's board of Boyle. The miners are now looking ter of the Black Lung Association directors is made up of "coal op­ to the new union leadership to wage a helped build support for the Brookside erators, their lawyers and big battle to win back their health rights. miners. When the coal operators ob­ preachers. There are no miners sitting The UMWA convention that just tained an injunction severely limiting on the board." ended took some steps in this direc­ the number of pickets, Grills and others "We want the coal miners and the tion. Grills served as an advisory bought radio spots and a newspaper little people to be fairly represented," member of the convention's Welfare ad calling for 1,000 people to show he explains. "We'd like to have 51 and Retirement Fund Committee. up at the picket site. They also drove percent coal miners on that board." Delegates at the convention passed through neighboring coal towns with In addition, the Black Lung Associa­ a resolution from this committee to a loudspeaker, urging a big turnout. tion is fighting to get doctors who will demand that the Applachian Regional "We didn't get 1,000, but we got be sympathetic· to the miners' needs. Hospital include miners, their wives, quite a few to come out," said Grills. And if the hospitals are making a and widows on the board of directors want miners The success of this effort led to the profit, the association wants that . in proportion to the amount of money and little people fairly represented.' .

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 17 Weld county, Colo., Raza Unida Party confronts Democrats and Republicans By PETER SEIDMAN Calderon explained that because he GREELEY, Colo.- Chicanos have be­ ran on a program that addressed the gun to challenge the economic and real needs of Greeley's Chicano com­ political power of the Anglo ranchers munity, none of the other Chicano and sugar-beet growers who rule Weld candidates bettered the 26 percent of County through the Democratic and the vote that he won. He won the votes Republican parties. of many Anglos, since only 12 per­ This challenge comes from La Raza cent of the population of Greeley is Unida, a small but growing party that Chicano. has set out to change things for the Chicano people, who comprise 25 per­ A fighting party cent of the population of Weld County. ln the year since this school board This independent party carries out a election the Weid County Raza Unida broad range of activities, from demon­ Party has continued to show that it strations to election campaigns. is a fighting party dedicated to de­ Jose Calderon is a leader of the fending the interests of the Chicano Weld County Raza Unida Party and community, whether there is an elec­ cochairman of the Colorado party. tion or not. "Even though many people do not First efforts fully understand our ideas on the need Calderon told The Militant that the to break with the Democrats and Re­ Weld County Raza Unida Party ran publicans," Calderon explained, "they its first campaign in the summer of see us as an example of how to fight 1970, when Ricardo Falcon entered for their rights." the race for Weld County sheriff. Calderon explained that the party The party began to assemble its is concerned with striking a balance activists through the course of this between running .election campaigns campaign, especially beginning in the and being involved in day-to-day fall, when there were walkouts by Chi­ struggles. While stressing the impor­ cano high school students in Fort Lup­ tance of running in election campaigns ton and Greeley, as well as a protest to provide an electoral alternative to at Aims College in Greeley. Greeley, Colo., protest against military coup in Chile. Raza Unida Party activists the two capitalist parties, he stated These protests culminated in a were key organizers of this action. ·that "sometimes in the past we have march of 70 activists from Ault to the placed too much emphasis on electoral state capitol in Denver to demand im­ work. In the future we want to put provements in education for Chicano organizing a committee of campaign vote. But the real importance of the more emphasis on organizing local students. The 70-mile walk was made activists. These activists went door to campaign, Calderon explained, was activities." in freezing weather. door, block by block, in the little that "we were running to bring out the Some of these activities were outlined In the 1970 election Falcon received barrios called colonias that dot the issues that affected the Chicanos in in resolutions passed at a Weld County towns of Weld County. They registered Weld County: that there were 11 Raza Unida Party convention in early new voters and won them to the idea colonias in Weld that need water, November. The convention was at­ The Colorado Raza Unida Party of political action independent of the regular trash removal, paved roads; tended by more than 100 activists Democrats and Republicans. and organizers of the party in Weld sponsored a 11 Youth Awareness that our young people had a very A problem for the Raza Unida Party County. Conference" recently in Pueblo. high drop-out, rather push-out, rate was the board of elections' refusal from school, and manywerebeginning The party maintains centers in Gree­ . About 200 persons attended work­ to let people register in the evenings, to sniff glue. ley, Eaton, and Ault, and plans to .shops and heard various speak­ the only time many working people "We explained that major changes resume the operations of the Academia ers. Numerous questions were could do so. Party activists organized in this country have never come about Ricardo Falc6n, a Chicano school !n debated such as whether to run a five-day fast, ending with a rally through the ballot box, that only an Brighton that was attacked by police this fall. in elections, the role of alterna­ of 200 people. organized effort by the people could The Weld County voter registration bring to change these conditions. We Raza Unida activists have organized tive Chicano schools, and how to office then decided to remain open proved we were not like other politi­ a Weld County Labor Committee to relate to college students. It was one hour later every day. cians." help win support for the Coors Beer, "By election day," Calderon said, Farah pants, and lettuce and grape decided to hold a statewide con­ For the next three weeks the party "so many people knew who we were boycotts. Through the Political Defense vention on March 23 in Denver organized to bring Chicanos to the that they were calling us left and right Committee, they are involved in the to nominate candidates for state­ meetings of the county commissioners, to bring them down to vote." defense of Calder6n, who faces charges wide oHice in the 1974 elections. demanding that they use federal rev­ Calderon received 6.5 pt:rcent of the stemming from a protest by Chicanos enue-sharing funds, which they had during a speech by Congressman been sitting on, to bring improvements Henry Gonzales (D-Texas). less thari 2 percent of the vote. to the colonias. In Greeley, the party holds weekly The following year the party helped Calderon said the sheriff threw the community meetings, puts out a news­ mobilize the Chicano community when Chicanos out of the third meeting, letter, Chicanos en Accion, and runs a the County Welfare Commission re­ but after this, "they got down to serious .bookstore. fused to pay that month's welfare pay­ business. They did begin to put in ments. some street lights, they paved some "We organized," said Calderon, "and roads in certain colonias, and began we went into every community to pro­ trash removal." Readings on test this. About 1,100 Chicanos showed up at a demonstration we called." Two RUP runs for school board Chicano hundred of the demonstrators then reg­ During the fall of 1972, Chicano istered to vote so they could vote Raza students began a series of walkouts Liberation Unida. from Greeley Central High Scnool. BERT CORONA HABLA del partido de These walkouts led to a special elec­ Ia Roza Unido y del Alormo en Conto The '72 elections tion for the Greeley school board. The de los "lllegales", $.35 Raza Unida Party decided to enter Calderon said the party "really got BERT CORONA SPEAKS on La Rozo that race as well. Calderon was the going during the summer of 1972, Unido Party and the "Illegal Alien" first Chicano to announce his candi­ in preparation for the November elec­ Score, $.35 tiq,r.s." The party ran six candidates dacy for the school board. Although CHICANAS SPEAK OUT, Women: New for county offices- Ricardo Falcon the election was officially nonpartisan, Voice of La Rozo by Mirto Vidal, $.35 (until he was killed by an Orogrande, Calderon ran on the Raza Unida Party CHICANO LIBERATION AND REVOLU­ N. M. gas-station owner on Aug. 30, platform. Two other Chicanos and a TIONARY YOUTH by Mirto Vidal, $.35 1972); Maria Arellano, a welfare few Anglos also entered the race. THE STRUGGLE FOR CHICANO LIBER­ mother; Calderon; a student; and a The Raza Unida campaign stressed ATION by the Socialist Workers Party, farm worker,· that the educational system makes ro­ $.35 Only about $100 was spent on the bots out of people, that it miseducates VIVA LA HUELGAI The Struggle of the Raza Unida campaign. The party and dehumanizes students. The party Form Workers by Jose G. Perez, $.25 relied on a voter registration and orga­ El Gallo called for Chicano control of educa­ ORDER FROM: PATHFINDER PRESS, nizing campaign to win support. JOSE CALDERON: 'We're not like other tion in the Chicano community and a 410West St., New York, N.Y.10014 Each candidate was responsible for politicians.' separate school for Chicano students.

18 potential supporters that La Raza porting local party. campaigns in elec­ Compean said, "We have to push these Unida Party is in fact a viable, realis­ tions to be held in December and April people by the wayside." By HARRY RING tic electoral alternative to the Republi­ and he has not made any decisions He said three principal Mexican­ SAN ANTONIO- La Raza Unida cans and Democrats. on just what his activity will be beyond American Democrats would be up for Party in Texas is planning an ambi­ that. reelection to the state legislature and tious gubernatorial campaign in 1974. 'Not like CREEP' The party will be contesting in a that Raza Unida would run against An all-out effort will be made to win Since the 20 percent must be cast number of municipal and county elec­ at least one of them, and perhaps • 20 percent of the vote. for the gubernatorial candidate, Com­ tions before the 1974 state campaign. all three. Mario Compean, state chairman of pean said, the R UP will focus its main Among these will be a bid for the The need for La Raza Unida to the independent Chicano party, says energies on the campaign for that of­ San Antonio school board' by Com­ confront the Mexican-American Demo­ the candidate for governor will be fice. A separate committee will be es­ pean. crats was emphasized by Alberto Pena selected in primary elections this tablished to promote the gubernatorial While Compean assesses the goal of III, an associate of Ramsey Muniz. spring, but it is generally assumed campaign. ("But not like [Nixon's] 20 percent of the vote in 1974 as a In 1972, Pena ran for the state legisla­ that the nominee will be Ramsey CREEP," he assured.) A $100,000 "possibility," he and other party lead­ ture against Joe Hernandez, a Muniz. campaign fund will be sought for the ers are confident that the campaign Mexican-American Democrat. Muniz waged a vigorous campaign governor's race. will be significantly bigger than that He and Muniz are law partners, and shortly after the 1972 campaign moved their office from San Antonio to Corpus Christi. They established a law firm there along with Alberto Huerta, also a leading Raza Unida member. Texas Raza Unida Party Pena explained they set up their of­ fice in Corpus Christi for two prin­ cipal reasons. He said it made pos­ sible a more stable legal practice, plans big '74 campaign thereby giving them more freedom for political activity. In addition, Pena said, La Raza Unida has excellent in 1972 .. prospects for growth in the area. For one thing, the party will not He said that in the 1972 race, Muniz have to engage in the massive petition­ had gotten his best vote in· the coastal gathering effort that was then required ·.bend area. Heavily populated by Chi-' to win a ballot place. And as a result canos, this runs from the port city of of the 1972 campaign, the party is Corpus Christi southwest to the Rio much better known throughout the Grande Valley. state. He said that in the gubernatorial In addition, the 1972 campaign won election Muniz would make an exten­ sive campaign effort in the coastal a whole new layer of activists to the .4 party who will be participating in this bend and Valley areas. campaign. The people who ran on Pena said that attacks, direct and the party ticket in Brownsville this inferred, on Raza Unida by Mexican­ November, for example, as well as American Democrats were increasing several of those who ran in Harlingen in Corpus Christi. In a way,· he said, it's really not this month, were attracted to Raza · 1 new. "They know that as mexicanos Unida by the 1972 Muniz campaign. we are very nationalistic. So they send someone who talks the language, can ' use the phrases. But it:s still a white Democrats , man sending a brown ma.n to tell A significant aspect of the coming period of campaigning, Compean said, is that the party will be increasingly . laying down a challenge to Mexican­ Petrick Roza Unida Party rally in Crystal City, Texas in 1971. Chicano party hopes to win 20 American Democrats. Until now, some in the party seemed to prefer avoiding percent of statewide vote in 1974. such a confrontation. For example, when Joe Bernal, a for governor in 1972, winning more Although not yet formalized, it is prominent Mexican-American Demo­ than 200,000 votes, 6 percent of the expected 'that if Muniz is the candi­ crat made his unsuccessful bid for total. Two percent is needed to win date, his campaign manager will be reelection to the state sena,te last year, state ballot status. Carlos Guerra, who is regarded as a ~Raza Unida did not run against him. The decision to select state and local key figure in the Texas party. The rationale has· been that the com­ candidates by primary elections was While Muniz seems agreed on as the munity doesn't fike to see ~ mexicano made by the party's state committee candidate for governor, the rest of run against a mexicano even if one is· this November. Present state law per­ the state ticket apparently remains to the nominee of the racist Democratic' mitted the option of selecting candi­ be filled. Party. dates by primary elections or by hold­ It is expected that one of the slots • La Raza Unida Party, Compean ing state and local nominating con­ will be filled by Dr. George Trevino, said, now recognizes that it cannot ventions. Corpus Christi coordinator of the . make a significant advance in winning -~ ------'- There was a division within the party party. A physics and math professor. a mass following unless it is ready to 'JRAMSEY MUNIZ: likely on the question. Some argued that at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, confront the Mexican-American Demo­ l er!'otorial candidate. conducting primaries would involve he has been active in Raza Unida crats. for several years. In part, this recognition was spurred unnecessary expense for filing fees and another brown man how good the by the Democratic Party. Fearful of prove a dissipation of energies. It will There is also speculation that Jose white man is." the possibility that La Raza Unida probably mean fewer local candidates Angel Gutierrez, the Raza Unida lead­ It is Pen a's estimate that there is will break the Democratic Party's tra­ throughout the state. In many places, er from Crystal City, may possibly an increasing sentiment among the ditional hold on the Chicano voters, the RUP has sufficient supporters for run for U.S. senator or congressman. Chicanos "to confront those being used the Texas Democrats have been using a nominating convention, but not for Gutierrez, however, told this reporter by the Democratic establishment." Cur- their MeXican-American tokens-for an . a primary. that his present plans focus on sup- . rent developments, he says, are fueling . increasing attack on La Raza Uni~a. Those favoring primaries argued this. that it would enhance the party's Co)D.pean assumes there will be a, image as a viable political force if it very definite strategy on the part of employed the same procedures as the the Democrats to discredit and isolate Watergate's impact major parties. La Raza Unida in 1974. Charges by Referring to the deep impact of the This concern for political image is Democratic Congressman Henry Gon­ Watergat~ scandal in the Chicano com­ also a factor in setting the party sights zales and others that the Chicano party munity, Pena said, "I don't want to. on winning 20 percent of the vote is being secretly funded by the Republi­ say, 'I told you so,' but we've been' in the coming campaign. According cans is just one feature of the attack. · saying this about these people all ' to revisions in the election code, while Such smear charges, Compean said, · along, and now it's coming to light. a party still needs to win only 2 per­ are part of a dual strategy. First, There's a great amount of dissatisfac­ cent of the vote to secure ballot status, the Mexican-American Democrats tion and distrust of all politicians, it must poll 20 percent to acquire the began to talk more militantly after whether they be RepubVcans or Demo­ same full legal status as the Republi­ the Raza Unida showing in 1972. crats. cans and Democrats. Winning 20 per­ Second, in ··addition-- to ·the frame- "If we can project ourselves ac­ cent also would make it mandatory . up charge of being an instrument of cordingly," he continued, "if we don't to hold primaries to select candidates. the Republicans, the principal argu­ sell out, if we do become something Compean and others in the party ment is, "We're as militant as they other than Republicans or Democrats, see it as a political necessity to achieve . are, but we can get more done be­ then I think we have a hell of an that status. To win significant sup­ Militant/Howard Petrick cause we're more practical and realis­ opportunity to capitalize on the weak- port within the Chicano community, MARIO COMPEAN: 'Push Chicano Demo­ tic and we have the connections." . ness of the two parties and the low . they feel, it is necessary to persuade crats by wayside.' For La Raza Unida to advance, regard the people have fo_r them."

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 19 Under the heading of "How Trotskyites support the Lebanese and Jordanian regimes in 1969 and war aims of Tel Aviv hawks," Foley asks, "What 1970. Their struggle has shaken the Arab rulers· does the Trotskyite position mean?" He answers: again and again. It is the proca)litalist elements By DAVE FRANKEL "First of all, it means war, with no peace possible among the Palestinians who favor a retreat in Just as it pressured the Vietnamese to compromise until Israel is destroyed. This is the. position of the national struggle and some type of compromise their original demands and sign a "peace" treaty the imperialists and the Zionist rulers of Israel­ solution. that set the stage for renewed warfare, the Soviet that Israel mu·st remain in a state of perpetual And within Israel, the Palestinian national ques­ bureaucracy is now pressuring the Palestinian re­ war or be destroyed. 11 tion is also key to the class struggle. As long as sistance movement to tone down its struggle and Foley has things reversed. The Middle East has the Jewish workers remain tied to the idea that hop on the Middle East "peace" bandwagon being been torn by constant wars, punitive raids, and they must fight to p'reserve a Jewish state at the led by con-man-in-chief Henry Kissinger. Unfor­ daily terror directed against the Arab peoples, and expense of another people, they will be incapable tunately, there is no reason to believe that the especially the Palestinians, since the creation of of challenging their own ruling class. results of the Moscow-,Washington detente in the Israel. This has occurred independently of the In view of this, when Foley charges that "the Mideast will be any more beneficial to the rev­ political positions or desires of the Trotskyist move­ Trotskyites ignore class and the class struggle olutionary movement than they were in Vietnam. ment. The responsibility for this lies not with the entirely in their position," he only reveals that he Predictably enough, this has not deterred the SWP or with the Palestinian masses struggling doesn't understand the relation between the struggle Kremlin's camp followers in the U.S., the leaders to return to their homeland. Rather, it lies with for national liberation and socialism. Or else that of the Communist Party, who have lost no time the Zionist state, which must use war and violence he is willing to subordinate that understanding to the narrow interesfs of the Soviet bureaucracy. Just how far Foley is willing to go in defending the policies of the Kremlin hierarchy is shown in his scurrilous statement that according to the SWP, "realization of one nation's rights means the destruction of the other." Why communist Party Foley. equates the survival of the Jewish people with the existence of the Zionist state. He says the demand for the destruction of the Israeli settler­ state is the same as the demand for the destruction opposes national struggle of its inhabitants. Foley writes: "The Israeli ruling class could do no better than to post the SWP position in all public places in Israel, especially places where workers congregate, of the Palestilian ArabS and assign 'innocent bystanders' to make loud · comments like: 'You see? They want to destroy us. All of us, workers and bosses alike. All Jews. That shows that we all have to stand together and in adding their own embellishments to what they to perpetuate its existence, and with the imperialist fight for the same thing. You can see, they say dub "the road to real peace." powers, which use Israel as a bludgeon against here that we have no rights, that they are going The basic CP position was stated in an advertise­ the Arab masses. to destroy our nationalstate ... "' ment in the Oct. 21 New York Times headed According to Foley, detente between the Soviet "Egypt, Israel and Syria Can Live. II This ad bureaucrats and U.S. imperialism can bring peace. The 'annihilation' argument claimed, "The world is ready to defend the pre­ But by its very nature a detente with imperialism This is all very eloquent, but the Israeli ruling June 1967 borders in the Mid-East. It will never means acceptance of its continued rule. class didn't need Tom Foley in order to come back annexation of Arab lands. Return of the oc­ up with the argument that support to the Palestinian cupied lands is the only way Israel can maintain When Foley charges that the Trotskyist position struggle for self-determination is tantamount to its own lands. It will mean a just, immediate and "means war," what he really means is that detente lasting peace. 11 between the Soviet bureaucrats and Washington The problem with this position is that Israel's will founder on the rocks of the revolutionary "own lands" were gained through conquest and the struggle of the Arab masses. Therefore the Arabs expulsion of the Palestinian people. The Arab­ should accept the . status quo in the interests of Israeli conflict existed before the 1967 war-its Soviet foreign policy. basic· cause was the expulsion of the Palestinians and the setting up of a racist settler-state. The interest of the Arab regimes in regaining their Self-determination for Palestine occupied territories only added an additional ele­ The argument that the demand for a unitary ment to the struggle. Palestine "pits Israeli and Palestinian working peo­ The question that the CP has to answer is: were ple against each other" is worth about as much the Palestinians justified in fighting against the as the argument by racists that the struggle of attempt of the Zionist settlers to take over their Blacks for preferential hiring pits Black workers against whites. It is true that Israelis and Palestinians have been pitted against each other. But this is not be­ cause of the demands of the Palestinians, any more than the divisions between Blacks and whites in the U.S. are caused by the demands of Black peo­ ple. The national demands of both Blacks and Pal­ estinians are a response to their oppression. The argument that support to such demands "divides the working class" ignores the fact that the working class is already divided by national oppression. Foley's argument puts racist oppression and the struggle against this oppression on the same plane. Israeli troops after 1956 Suez campaign. CPUSA now The Palestinians ·are an oppressed nationality. claims Israeli aggression didn't begin until 1967. Half of all Palestinians live in United Nations refugee camps, dependent on charity for food and housing- such as it is. Inside the territories oc­ calling for the annihiladon of the Israeli Jews. cupied by Israel, the Palestinians are subject to Israel's rulers have charged all along that the Kissinger & Brezhnev in Moscow. Detente won't be any direct military occupation. In Israel proper they Palestinians are motivated by the desire to "drive more beneficial to socialist revolution in Mideast than are kept in line by the repressive Emergency Reg­ the Jews into the sea. II That is how they justified it was in Vietnam. ulations adopted by the Zionist state from the driving the Palestinians into exile to begin with. British. Palestinians are discriminated against in The job of revolutionaries is not to call on the jobs, in education, in housing, and in every other Palestinians to accept their oppression in order hind in the first place? Has anything changed to aspect of daily life. to prove to the Israeli oppressors that they have make that struggle any less necessary or just? In order to defend the continued existence of nothing to fear. We have to explain to the Israeli Although the CP advertisement refers vaguely the Israeli state, Foley comes down in the end people that they can only find security by abandon­ to "the rights of the Palestinian Arabs," it fails to a denial of this national oppression of the Pal­ . ing their own exClusive state and living together to define these rights. estinians. He argues that "the Trotskyites ... have with the Palestinians. dreamed up an entirely artificial 'national conflict' By giving credence to the Israeli propaganda 'Trotskyites' for war? between all Palestinians and all Israelis." that a democratic secular Palestine would mean These issues are taken up in a recent series the destruction of the Israeli Jews, or at best the of articles by Tom Foley in the Daily World, Nationalism and socialism denial of their democratic rights, Foley does a newspaper of the CP. Foley charges that by Palestinian farmers, workers, shopkeepers, and disservice to the Arab revolution as a whole. His denying the right of the Zionists to set up their even landowners and capitalists were all expelled argument leads to the conclusion that Zionism own state in Palestine, and by supporting the to make way for the establishment of Israel. Their really is in the interests of the Jewish people, and demand of the Palestinian organizations for a national struggle against that displacement will that a separate Jewish state is necessary to guaran­ democratic secular Palestine in which both Arabs be part and parcel of the socialist revolution in tee. the rights of the Jews in the Middle East. and Jews could live together, "The SWP pits Israeli Israel and the whole Mideast. The Palestinians This is the argument developed in Foley's second and Palestinian working people against each who organized to demand their national rights article. It will be discussed in more detail in a other.... " were in the forefront of the confrontations with future issue of The Militant.

20 New SUP-P-Qrt for NY bombing ;victims Demand freedom for 7 Chilean prisoners By JEAN WALKER and others. barren southern tip of Chile. Accord­ launched a cam·paign of telegrams Since the Sept. 11 rightist coup in "In the Estadio Chile, executions are ing to the Dec. 15 Daily World, he is and petitions to the Chilean junta on Chile, the U.S. Committee for Justice still going on. In the case of Vitale, it soon to face military trial. their behalf, as well as fund raising to Latin American Political Prisoners is understood that he is to be sub- A report in the Buenos Aires daily in order to provide material aid for (USLA) has been waging a campaign mitted to a long trial procedure. Steps La Opinion indicated that Corvalan's them and their families as this be­ to publicize the names and histories have been taken to interest the Argen­ son Alberto and Alberto's wife have comes possible. of well-known political and cultural tine Embassy in his case, as he was both been sentenced to death by the Telegrams, letters, and petitions figures in Chile who are known to be born in Argentina, and it is under­ junta, but it is unknown whether the should be sent to General Augusto in the hands of the military junta and stood that they are asking for his ex­ sentences have been carried out. Pinochet, cfo Chilean Embassy, 1730 whose lives are therefore in danger. pulsion to Argentina in lieu of other e Jaime Barrios, the central eco- Massachusetts Ave. N. W., Washing- USLA staff member Judy White told The Militant that the upcoming issue of the USLA Reporter will zero in on the cases of seven persons. "These are seven among thousands," said White, "but they are symbolic of the brutali­ zation of the entire Chilean people." The committee recently received new information on the situation of Luis Vitale one of the seven. Vitale is a prominent Chilean historian and for­ mer leader of the United Federation of Workers (CUT, the Chilean trade­ union federation). According to a letter received from Santiago Dec. 10, "Luis Vitale was Chilean political prisoners {from left): Luis Corvalan, Guillermo Cohn, Juan Flandes, Marcelo Romo. taken prisoner on the 12th of Septem- ber and held in the Estadio Chile. He survived that experience and was then punishment. nomic adviser to Salvador Allende ton, D. C. 20036 with copies to USLA transferred to the Estadio Nacional, "Nothing is sure, however, and it prior to the coup. at 156 Fifth Ave., Room 702, New where he remained for the next two would be important for many reasons e Hector Gutierrez, formerly a pro­ York, N.Y. 10010. months and was beaten, interrogated, if an international campaign around fessor of demography at the Universi­ The USLA Reporter can be ordered inadequately fed {he has kidney prob­ the case of this Argentine-born intel­ ty of Chile. Last month USLAreceived from USLA for 25 cents each, or 20 lems from the past) and threatened, lectual- a clear case of persecution information that Gutierrez was to be cents each on orders of five or more. all without breaking his body or for his ideas, (versus the Chilean gov­ tried at any moment by a military The office of USLA and two other spirit." ernment claims of what they are doing) tribunal, but there has been no further civil liberties organizations was The letter continues: "Two weeks ago -could be undertaken." word of his fate. bombed on Dec. 3, and the committee he was transferred back to the Estadio This information is somewhat dif- • Juan Flandes, formerly a student has been forced to move into new of- Chile with a group of some 300 pris­ ferent from that carried in the Nov. at the University of Los Angeles in flees. Protests against the bombing, oners who were awaiting trial, while 22-29 issue of the Argentine weekly Chile. Flandes is also to be tried short- and the refusal of the city administra­ the great majority of those still in Avanzada Socialista, which cited "com­ ly if he has not been already. tion to apprehend and prosecute the the Estadio Nacional were taken north pafl.eros escaped from Chile" who re­ • Marcelo Romo, a 32-year- criminals, have come most recently to the deserted nitrate mine of Chaca­ ported that Vitale had been taken to old Chilean film actor well known in from Harold Taylor, former president buco to be held in that detention camp the concentration camp at Chacabuco, Chile. of Sarah Lawrence College; Luis in· the desert near Antofagasta. the abandoned mine. "Locked up in e Guillermo Cahn, a 27-year-old Fuentes, superintendent of schools in "Vitale was seen about three weeks the shafts, the prisoners are submitted film director. Both Romo and Cahn Manhattan's District 1; and Dave Mc­ ago, when he was OK, but very thin to a brutal regime of forced labor, are being held in the Buin Regiment Reynolds of the War Resisters League. and undernourished. He had burned blows, and little food," says the ar­ in Santiago. It is unknown what In Chicago on Dec. 16, 3,000 peo­ up all his fat and was burning pro­ ticle. charges have been placed against ple turned out for a protest meeting tein. As a result he had a serious skin The six other persons that USLA them, but USLA has received reports addressed by Hortensia Allende, wid­ infection on his face, and was not get­ is focusing on are: that Romo has been severely tortured. ow of the slain Salvador Allende. A ting adequate medical treatment for e Luis Corvallin Lepe, leader of The upcoming issue of the USLA Re­ petition protesting the bombing of the it, the doctors involved saying the mil­ the Chilean Communist Party. Cor­ porter contains more complete biogra­ USLA office in New York was signed itary refused to give them the medi­ valan is being held at the notorious phies of these seven victims of the jun­ by more than 200 of those present cines they needed for his treatment Dawson Island prison camp near the ta. The defense committee has Continued on page 22 Twenty new strikes a day reported in Thailand By ERNEST HARSCH Dec. 7: "The last five weeks have seen gime, the political confidence acquired rected against the students. Following in the turbulent wake of the the worst labor unrest in our history. in October could only prompt broader The success of the Thai students student and worker uprising that over­ Over 100,000 workers have been in­ and broader sectors of the Thai popu­ in October had immediate repercus­ threw the old military regime in mid­ volved." lation into raising their own demands sions on other students in Asia. In October, Thai workers are continuing Premier Sanya Thammasak, in a and acting to implement them. Rail­ South Korea, university and high to act against their economic condi­ television broadcast, 'appealed for road workers, taxi drivers, bank em­ school students, who were already be­ tions. They have initiated a wave of more "restraint." "The present situa­ ployees, hospital and communications ginning to hold public demonstrations, strikes and demonstrations for higher tion," he said, "is causing me great workers, electricians and hotel steve­ escalated their opposition to· the dic­ wages and better working conditions. worry. Dissatisfaction is being dis­ dores all held brief strikes or dem­ tatorship of President Park Chung Hee. As many as 20 new strikes a day are played from all directions simulta­ onstrations and won most of their In Indonesia, student leaders planned 'reported. neously, making me feel completely demands. Even workers at Dusit Zoo Nikhom Chandravitoon, the director exhausted." raised demands for higher wages, of the labor department, told a cor­ While labor unrest was evident even threatening to release lions and tigers The next issue of The Militant will respondent from the Washington Post before the overthrow of the old re- onto the streets if their demands feature an interview with Seksan weren't met. Prasertkul, president of the Fed­ Inheriting the worsening economic eration of Independent Students problems of the old regime- a rice shortage and skyrocketing inflation, af Thailand {FIST}. Seksan was a now further exacerbated as a result central leader of the October stu­ of oil shortages- the new "caretaker" dent upsurge that toppled the mil­ government will have grave difficul­ itary regime. ties in trying to "stabilize" the situation. While the Sanya administration has so far taken no action against the a campaign against Japanese goods strikers, there are some government and held a few small demonstrations officials, recalling the methods used in November. On Dec. 15 the student under the military regime, who would movement there received a new _impe­ be more than willing to initiate a tus: 3,000 students in Jogjakarta, cen­ crackdown if it were possible to do tral Java, held a four-hour demon­ so. General Prachuab Suntarangkul, stration against high prices and cor­ the police-director-general, charged ruption. that "communists" were involved in The growing solidarity and coordi­ strikes and that they were even trying nation of the student movements in to infiltrate the ranks of the military. Asia were reflected Nov. 30, when October uprising in Thailand Similar charges had often been di- Continued on page 26

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 21 Pamphlet explains socialist view on Mideast What are the roots of the Arab-Israeli Frankel, explain that the origins of the concessions in the direction of return­ fact that the Arab capitalist rulers, conflict? How has the Washington- 25-year Arab-Israeli conflict are in ing Arab lands." like Egypt's Sadat and Libya's • Moscow detente affected the Mideast? the settler-colonialist charllcter of Dick Roberts's "Nixon's Mideast Qaddafi, are incapable of leading that What was behind Nixon's troop alert Israel. The existence of Israel is based War Drive" and Dave Frankel's "Be­ struggle to victory. Marxists call for and threat of nuclear warfare in Oc­ on the expulsion of the Palestinian hind Nixon's Threat of Nuclear War" replacing these regimes with govern­ tober? people from their homeland, and document U.S. plans for military in­ ments based on the Arab workers and These and other questions are an­ Israel must maintain itself by keeping tervention in the Mideast, including poor farmers. swered in War in the Middle East­ the Arab peoples weak. In the recent Nixon's threat to launch nuclear con­ The pamphlet presents a clear case The Socialist View, a new pamphlet war, the Arabs were fighting to recover frontation with Moscow. Also docu­ for the only solution to the Mideast available for 60 cents from Pathfinder land seized by Israel. mented in these and other articles is crisis: the establishment of a united Press (410 West St., New York, N.Y., Writing on the role of the Washing­ the massive amount of U.S. aid that Palestine with equal rights for Pal­ 10014). The pamphlet contains some ton-Moscow detente, Tony Thomas has been essential to maintain the estinians and Israelis, and the removal of the most important articles written observes that "the detente became more Israeli state since its foundation 25 of imperialist exploitation from the for The Militant during and after the and more clearly an attempt to im­ years ago. Arab East through a socialist revolu­ October war. The authors are Militant pose solutions favorable to U.S. im­ The article "Why Socialists Support tion. As such, this pamphlet constitutes staff writers Dave Frankel, Dick perialism on the peoples of the world, the Arabs" by Tony Thomas explains not only an interesting and timely Roberts, and Tony Thomas. as was clear in Vietnam. In the Mid­ the views of Marxists on the Mideast analysis of the events surrounding the Two articles, "Roots of the Mideast east, detente encouraged the Israelis regimes. October war but a guide to the future Conflict" by Tony Thomas and "Why to launch dozens of attacks on the Marxists support the struggle problems and solutions of the Arab­ the Arab Peoples Fight Israel" by Dave Arab peoples and not to make any against Israeli oppression despite the Israeli conflict. N. Calif. carpenters' strike in fifth week By ROBERT WEST zation Committee declaring "inopera­ have met with rarely seen solidarity Each striker on the picket line becomes SAN FRANCISCO- The strike of tive" a wage increase of 65 cents an in action as many other tradesmen re­ a marked man for the law to eventual­ Northern California carpenters con­ hour negotiated as part of a three­ fuse to work, despite the insistence of ly come down on if he is identified by tinues into its fifth week despite heavy year agreement in 1971. The gov­ their union business agents that the a stooge. fines. ernment board ordered this cut to 15 strike is illegal. The Carpenters union began nearly Carpenters union officials remain cents. A pension contribution of 25 a century ago as a secret brother­ publicly dissociated from the strike. cents an hour was previously ap­ The ad hoc strike committee is work­ hood in order to protect its members An ad. hoc committee of striking car­ proved. ing against major obstacles in seek­ against the joint force of the contrac­ penters has put together a rudimen­ ing to maintain the strike. It cannot tors and the law. Over the years the tary strike organization that has suc­ The construction industry has more draw on the resources or facilities of union became a model of class col­ ceeded in maintaining pickets on ma­ than a dozen different craft unions, the unions for the strike. Not a single laboration with the boss and his par­ jor building sites. each with separate contracts and ex­ elected official has stepped forward to ties of profit, the Democrats and Re­ The strike was declared illegal by piration dates, and separate and jeal­ make a public explanation of the car­ publicans. A full circle has been a federal judge Dec. 7. ously guarded jurisdictions. It has al­ penters' case, even as a private citi­ turned, and once again the only pro­ ways been a problem to get c!ose co­ zen. No striker can collect unemploy­ tection the carpenters of the 1970s At issue in the strike is the order operation between these different ment insurance or welfare since the have lie in their tenacity, resourceful­ of the Construction Industry Stabili- crafts. In the present strike the pickets government declares the strike illegal. ness, and solidarity.

ceived crop subsidies of more than The power of agribusiness goes a $1-million. long way toward explaining why pre­ ... UFW • Subsidized land and water devel­ vious efforts to organize the farm ... Chile Continued from page 28 opment on land owned by corpora­ workers have been largely unsuccess­ Continued from page 21 the Democrats have also done their tions. ful. But even these giants of modern­ Between 2,000 and 3,000 attended share. When the Democratic Party held day industry are not invulnerable. A a rally in Los Angeles Dec. 9 to hear • Subsidized agricultural research the governorship in California, Gov­ boycott that seriously affects their sales Hortensia Allende. The rally was done by universities on the growers' ernor Edmund Brown made sure their and publicly scandalizes them could chaired by Bert Corona of the Coali­ behalf.. The University of California interests were represented in the State win recognition for the UFW. tion for the Restoration of Democracy spends more than $20-million a year Board of Agriculture. As head of it In order to bring the mighty grow­ in Chile. of state and federal tax dollars in he appointed none other than Jesse ers to terms, it will be necessary to International protests continue against agricultural research aimed at aiding Tapp, board chairman of the Bank mount a boycott of massive propor­ the brutal repression in Chile. A Cana­ of America. Every one of the appoin­ farm corporations. da-wide tour for Hortensia Allende • Failure to include farm workers tions. tees was tied to big landholding in­ La Causa must become the cause drew audiences of 4,500 in Montreal, terests. in the minimum wage law. This helps 1,600 in Toronto, 1,400 in Vancou­ account for farm labor wages that of millions: the Chicano community, students·, the labor movement, indi­ ver, and 1,000 in Ottowa. are well below the poverty level. According to the Dec. 17 issue of Federal 'aid' e Failure to include farm workers vidual consumers. To be effective, the grape, lettuce, and Gallo wine boycotts Labor Challenge, a big factor in the The influence of agribusiness is not in the National Labor Relations Act. need the active support of large num­ success of the tour was the fact that limited to local and state authorities. Because of their exclusion from the bers of people. it was a united effort, with all groups Among its partners in the crimes com­ provisions of- the NLRA, farm work­ Large-scale picketing of supermar­ invited to cosponsor the meetings. ers are unable to hold binding elec­ mitted against farm workers is the ket chains has already succeeded in In Vancouver, for example, the federal government. tions for the union of their choice. getting some stores to stop carrying sponsors of the meeting, all represent­ In 1969, in the midst of the grape This is why the Teamsters can sign scab produce. But if the impact of the ed on the platform, included the Chile boycott, the Defense Department contracts with the growers even though boycott is to be felt by the growers, Solidarity Committee, Canadian Com­ doubled its purchases of grapes, buy­ the vast majority of the farm workers these scattered successes will have to mittee for Justice to Latin American ing more than 16 million pounds. prefer the UFW. be duplicated in major cities through­ Political Prisoners, New Democratic The Pentagon sent an average of eight out the country. Party Vancouver Area Council, Van­ pounds of grapes to every U.S. sol­ couver and District Labor Council, That is the kind of boycott cam­ dier in Vietnam. Communist Party, League for Socialist paign that is called for to support During the lettuce boycott in 1970, Action, Young Socialists, Canadians the farm workers in their struggle the Defense Department drastically cur­ for a Democratic Chile, and the Spar­ against one of the most powerful tailed its purchases from Interharvest tacus Bookstore. union-busting forces in the history of after that company signed a contract In Paris on Dec. 9, 40,000 persons the American labor movement. with the UFW. Instead, it more than marched in a demonstration against tripled its purchases of scab lettuce the Chilean junta. According to the from Dow Chemical subsidiary Bud report in the Dec. 11 Le Monde, the Antle. protest was organized by the Com­ Aid from the federal government to VIVA LA HUELOA! mittee of Support to the Revolution­ these agribusiness giants takes a num­ ary Struggle of the Chilean People, ber of forms. These include: The struggle which includes the United Socialist • Tax write-offs. Tenneco ended up Party (PSU), the weekly Rouge, and with $13.~-million credit on its income of the others. tax return in 1969. According to Rouge, the aims of the e Direct government subsidies, the Farm workers action were to denounce "the complici­ bulk of which go to the largest cor­ ty of the French government with the porations. In a recent year, 500 large By Jose G. Pe.rez 25 cent!\ Chilean putchists" and to demand the growers in California's Imperial Val­ Path"finder Press, 41 0 West St., banning of a meeting in support of the ley received $12-million in farm sub­ 'Farm workers are one of the lowest paid New York, N.Y. 10014 junta scheduled by a fascist grolJp for sidies. In 1970, Tenneco alone re- sectors of the American labor force.' Dec. 19.

22 The Militant's Anniversary Fund: success establishes basis for new gains in 1974 By ANDREA MORELL in the Struggle for Socialism by con­ scene for .the elections in Argentina, The Militant Forty-fifth Anniversary tributing $45 or more to the fund the trial of the Gainesville Eight, Fund winds up with a total of $26,- drive. United Farm Workers' activities, hear­ 226! This is a big leap over our orig­ Many readers decided to become reg­ ings for Attica prisoners, the Harlan inal goal of $20,000. ular contributors to The Militant by County miners' strike, the student This money represents, above all, making a monthly pledge. These reg­ strikes in Puerto Rico, to mention only the confidence in The Militant that is ular contributions are an important a few. shared by our readers, and the en- source of steady income for the paper, The fund drive was only one aspect and we hope that more readers will of the forty-fifty anniversary activities . decide to make an ongoing monthly of The Militant this fall. Along with Andrea Morell is the chairwom­ contribution. the campaign to raise funds, we in­ an of the Militant Forty-fifth Anni­ In addition to those who helped the creased our circulation. Those areas versary Fund. fund at a local rally or banquet, 397 that participated in our sales cam­ readers from 32 states plus the District paign boosted weekly sales from an thusiasm for expanding our circula­ of Columbia, Canada, and England average of 6,500 last spring to 8,500. tion and coverage. As a contributor contributed to the fund drive. And, we sold 16,800 new introductory from Youngstown, Ohio, who sent in Much of the money raised for the subscriptions. $13 last week put it: "Our newspaper, Anniversary Fund has already been We begin the new year with a much The Militant, is the only one that tells put to good use. stronger circulation and financial base. the truth, the facts, and what's really Part of it was used to help finance The success in all aspects of The Mili­ going on here and around the world. the 12 Young Socialist and two Mili­ tants forty-fifth anniversary activities tant teams that traveled around the gives us confidence that 1974 will see Keep on going." Militant/Mark Satinoff The fund got off to a fast start at country this fall. These teams sold an even greater growth of our paper. a rally at the Socialist Workers Party a combined total of 12,769 Militants In spite of the extra paper expense, convention in August. Almost $13,000 and 7,080 introductory subscriptions. however, The Militant was 32 pages­ The Militant Forty-fifth Anniver­ was contributed there by hundreds of They also brought 102 new members instead of the normal 28- on two sary Fund was a tremendous suc­ our supporters. Another $7,641 was into the Young Socialist Alliance and occasions during the fund drive. This cess. More contributions, how­ contributed at Militant anniversary sold more than $3,000 worth of rev­ was done in order to give special ever, are always needed. If you banquets and rallies held in 15 cities olutionary literature. coverage to major world develop­ would like to pledge a monthly across the country. The remainder, Impressive as they are, these are ments, especially the coup in Chile, donation in 1974 to help us $5,820, came in the mail from in­ just the bare statistics. There is no the crisis in the Middle East, and Wa­ publish, just fill out the coupon dividual supporters and subscribers. way to measure the effect of talking tergate. below. The donations ranged f.FOm $1 to to thousands of people on the cam­ The current issue is also 32 pages. $500. The latest $1 donation that ar­ puses, in the high schools, at plant Some of the money is being used ( I would like to pledge $ __ gates, and on radio and television to cover the increase in postage. Sec­ ------rived contained the following note: "I, a month to The Militant like many others, only wish that this about socialist ideas. ond-class mail costs went up 19 per­ ( Enclosed is $ __ for the amount could have been much larger. One expense that VJ'e had not antic­ cent in the last six months, and the first month. This only goes to prove that the work­ ipated was the shortage of newsprint, Post Office is threatening another 38 Name------ers or students cannot, like their cap­ which forced us to use more expensive ·percent hike. Address ______italist bosses, afford to contribute vast paper for four issues of The Militant. The Militant Forty-fifth Anniversary City_____ State ___ Zip __ sums of money to their favorite cause." This eJ~:pense, coupled with increased Fund is also being used to help pay Mail to 14 Charles Lane, N.Y., Hundreds of readers received copies newsprint costs, made it necessary to the expenses of on-the-spot coverage. N.Y. 10014. of the book The Militant: 45 Years go over the original fund goal. Militant reporters have been on the Why Puerto Rican Socialist Party avoids clear discussion of political differences By DOUG JENNESS the radical organizations and the rela­ turn capitalism "requires bold ingen­ tinuous orbitting around the same In the Nov. 2 Militant I answered tive quiescence of the working class uity." cliches in their various permutations, a sharp .attack by Puerto Rican So­ is the fault of the "vanguard." But We would agree with Arbona that is the most incapacitating problem of cialist Party leader Ram6n Arbona, when he gets down to letting us know the proof of the pie is in the eating. the left in the United States." on the radical organizations in the what "courses of action" the"vanguard" But the burden of proof is on him In my previous article I challenged United States. I pointed out that Ar­ should be pursuing he doesn't have to show us what the Socialist Work­ Arbona to present an evaluation of bona's criticisms were so sweeping as much to say. ers Party should be doing to advance the tragic defeat of the Chilean work­ to be virtually useless and that he He explains that the "vanguard" the struggle of working people in the avoided discussing the important po­ ing class. What does the PSP think litical differences between opposing or­ about_ the strategy of supporting the ganizations. I indicated that the So­ Allende regime- a coalition, "popular cialist Workers Party would welcome front" government in which the two a dialogue on key political issues with largest working-class parties helped the PSP. prop up a capitalist government? Arbona responded to my article, Does Arbona agree with PSP Gen­ along with one that appeared in the eral Secretary Juan Mari Bras, who Communist Party's Daily World, in stated at a memorial meeting in Puer­ the Nov. 4 Claridad. His article is to Rico that Allende was a "revolution­ entitled "The proof of the pie is in ary," an "anti-imperialist fighter," and the eating." "one of the greatest leaders in Latin While tipping his hat to the reality American history"? (Oct.14 Claridad). that ideological differences among Does he think supporting the Pop­ radical organizations exist, he an­ ular Unity government was an effec­ nounces that "at this stage particularly tive strategy for overturning capital­ we want to focus on the fact that the ism that should be repeated in Chile groups are trapped by the subtleties and other countries? Or does he think, of bookish purity and consequently PSP's Juan Arbona continues to dodge discussion of real political issues, such as the as the SWP does, that this policy was their practice manifests a dearth of reasons for the defeat in Chile. Above, Santiago during the rightist coup. responsible for the defeat? Maybe he vanguard work." feels that discussing such life and death should "open roads," and that it can't United States. What is wrong with the questions is simply ''bookish purity." This has led, he argues, to "the in­ do this if it "remains on dead-end present policies and practices of the The fact of the matter is that Arbona ability to provide courses of action beaten tracks" or if it is "so distantfrom SWP? Which are "dogma"? Which are avoids discussing political differences enabling the masses to take on their its rearguard that it becomes a lost applied "parrot-like"? Which remain with the SWP because he considers role as agents of history." This de­ army." He safely adds, "There are no on "dead-end beaten tracks"? short-run organ).zational gains to be ficiency, he says, "characterizes the left magical solutions." If Arbona were to offer answers to more important than political clarity. in every country where it is weak, or In the remaining paragraphs he of­ these questions and lay out alterna­ The present policy of the PSP is to at­ where it has been stagnant during fers truisms about Marxism being a tive policies, we'd have the basis for tract those who consider themselves the last 40 years." Presumably this guide to action rather than dogma, a serious discussion. As it is, he has Marxists-Leninists and are for "revo­ includes the United States. and not applying old norms, parrot­ avoided like the plague discussing his lution," even though they may have The gist of his argumentation seems like, to new situations. His final ad­ political differences with us. He hides opposing views on many important to be that the relatively small size of monition is that the struggle to over- behind fancy statements like "the con- Continued on page 26

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 23 In Review Socialism on Trial: introduction Executive to the fundamentals of Marxism Action: Socialism on Trial by James P. Cannon. Pathfinder Press {410 more West St., New York, N.Y. 10014}. 1973. 192 pp. Paper$2.25. f.ICII.On "In no labor trial in this country have defendants so consciously and system- atically defended their revolutionary doctrine, utilizing the courtroom as than fact a forum from which to proclaim their real views," writes George Novack in Executive Action. Screenplay by the introduction to this book. Socialism on Trial is the transcript Dalton Trumbo, story by Donald of the testimony by James P. Cannon Freed and Mark Lane. Starring in the 1941 trial of 28 leaders of the Burt Lancaster and Robert Ryan. Socialist Workers Party and Minnea­ National General Pictures. p<'lis truck drivers union Local 544. T.1e case was the first prosecution Watergate has created a ready market under the antidemocratic Smith "Gag" for films like Executive Action. Many Act, which had been enacted the pre­ people are justifiably suspicious of the vious year. official version of the assassination of Like the assaults on civil liberties John Kennedy, as they are of the kill­ organized by Nixon's Watergaters, this ings of Dr. Martin Luther King, Mal­ case, prosecuted under Franklin D. colm X, or Fred Hampton. Roosevelt, had the purpose ofsilencing James P. Cannon, second from left, with other Minneapolis defendants on their way This film is meant to be a mixture critics of ·the capitalist government. to prison in December 1943. of fact and fiction on the Kennedy FDR wanted to railroad to prison assassination. Unfortunately, the writ­ irreconcilable opponents of World War ers of the screenplay try to pass off to workers who, through the trial, Included in this expanded edition II. quite a bit of fiction as fact. would be hearing these ideas for the is an exchange of views between Can­ In addition, he was doing a favor According to the plot, wealthy first time. He described the socialist non and Grandizo Munis, a former for the corrupt head of the Teamsters Southern reactionaries decide they position of opposition to all capitalist member of the Fourth International. union, Daniel Tobin, who wanted to must stop the "Kennedy dynasty" at wars, including World War II, Munis criticized Cannon's testimony eliminate the leaders of militant op­ all costs. So they hire a gang of CIA­ pointing out that Rooseve!t's demo­ at the trial on two basic points. position to his bureaucratic machine. linked gunmen to do the job. - cratic rhetoric was aimed at covering Instead of arguing that the capitalists Eighteen of the defendants were con­ To cover themselves, the capitalists victed and served terms of 12 to 18 the ruling class's imperialist aims. are responsible for violence, Munis Cannon argued that the SWP is the wrote, Cannon should have declaimed, very opposite of the conspiratorial "We assure, we ask, we advocate tem­ grouping the Justice Department porary violence of the majority.... " sought to portray. Socialists seek to In his reply Cannon shows that such Film Books win the support of the majority of bombast, in addition to playing into people in order to establish a regime frame up Lee Harvey Oswald, hop­ months in 1944 and 1945. that will represent the working class. ing that his activity in the Fair Play The frame-up charges leveled by This new workers government "will for Cuba Committee and his trips to government prosecutors included: ad­ be the most democratic government the Soviet Union will make the as­ vocating the "violent'' overthrow of the from the point of view of the great sassination appear inspired by the Left. government; "conspiracy" to overthrow masses of people that has ever existed," While none of this is implausible, the government; and advocating ''in­ he declared. what is hard to stomach is the moti­ subordination" in the armed forces. Replying to the charge that revolu­ vation given for the assassination. The only proof advanced for these tionary socialists are the inspirers of These "Southern Rim" capitalists ac­ charges was the revolutionary pro­ violence, Cannon placed the blame tually argue that if he is not stopped, gram of the defendants. for the violence of capitalist society Kennedy will "lead the Black revolu­ Just. as in the "conspiracy" prosecu­ squarely on the shoulders of those tion" and bring the troops home from tions against antiwar activists inrecent who actually cause it-therulingclass. Vietnam. years, the Roosevelt administration Even the New York Times reviewer He used the graphic example of fas­ aimed to portray the opponents of felt compelled to write, "The last two cism to show how the ruling minority imperialist war as a small, secretive points may give you the hiccups, but employs brutal repression to maintain band of would-be terrorists, seeking that is what these characters say." its power whenever the majority begins to forcibly impose their will on the To bolster this absurd theory, the to seek fundamental change. Because majority of the people. film shows clips of old speeches by of this, Cannon explained, the workers Cannon, who is now national chair­ Kennedy, carefully edited to leave in have always been compelled to defend man emeritus of the SWP, had to de­ his rhetoric about "peace" and "equali­ themselves against reactionary vio­ fend the ideas of Marxism against ty," but with the threats against Cuba, lence. these lies and distortions. At the time, Paris, 1946. 'When the U.S. soldiers or­ the violence-baiting of civil rights Cannon dealt similarly with the ganized the "Bring Us Home" movement he was the SWP ·national secretary. marches, and the talk of "Commu­ charge that the SWP advocates "in­ at the end of World War II, they used Cannon used his testimony to ex­ nist subversion" deleted. subordination" in the Army. He ex­ plain the fundamentals of Marxism the approach advocated by Cannon at For example, Kennedy made his plained why Marxists consider indi­ his trial.' real position on Vietnam quite clear vidual acts of draft resistance or sab­ just three months before his death: otage in the Army ineffective. While "For us to withdraw ... would mean opposing the draft, Cannon said, revo­ the hands of the prosecution, has no a collapse not only of South Vietnam, lutionary socialists enter the armed support in the letter, tradition, or spirit but Southeast Asia. So we are go­ forces with their fellow conscripts and of Marxism. ing to stay there." This quote does continue to exercise their democratic In addition, Munis disagreed with not appear in the movie. rights. Cannon's opposition to individual acts The film is also sloppy in many Gls, he explained, "should have all of sabotage in the Army. Munis con­ details. In one scene the plotters super­ the rights of citizens. They should have fidently predicted, "Sabotage will be impose a photo of Oswald's head over the right to petition Congress; they the reaction of the masses against the a picture of someone holding a rifle should have the right to vote; they imperialist war." and a copy of The Militant. But it's should have the right to select com-. But events themselves soon refuted a 1973 Militanfl. mittees to present their griev- this ultraleftist delusion. When the U. S. As for entertainment value, the soldiers in the Pacific organized the ances ...." actors seem as disenchanted- and "Bring Us Home" movement at the Socialism on Trial remains a v~lu­ frankly bored-with the plot as most end of World War II, they used the ap­ able introduction to Marxist ideas. viewers will be. - CINDY JAQ UI'l'H Clear explanations are given on the proach advocated by Cannon at his nature of capitalism, the causes of trial. war, the character of the socialist revo­ This debate, complementing Can­ lution, internationalism, the class non's testimony, makes this new Path­ ROOSEVELT: used Smith 'Gag' Act in struggle, dictatorship of the proletariat, finder publication an indispensable effort to silence opposition to World War and many other fundamental concepts handbook of socialist ideas and how II. of Marxism. to defend them.- FRED FELDMAN

-~ 24 HISTORY OF THE LEn 1928: STILl SHIFTS TO 'LEFT COURSE' By DAVE FRANKEL inadequate program of industrializa­ the Comintern in July-September 1928 The socialist movement on a world tion, the restoration of free trade, and the "Right deviation" was presented as scale consists of three basic tendencies, soon after, of capitalism. the central danger. each arising out of specific historical The right wing of the CPSU, Within the CPSU Stalin moved to developments. grouped ar6und Bukharin, Rykov, replace Bukharin's supporters on the The Second, or Socialist Internation­ and Tomsky, favored further conces­ editorial boards of Pravda, the party al, founded in 1889, disintegrated as sions to the peasantry. But events were newspaper, and Bol'shevik, the party a. revolutionary organization in 1914, pushing Stalin into a new policy. A theoretical organ. This process was when its member parties supported campaign of "extraordinary measures" completed in September 1928, and in their "own" imperialist governments in such as the requisition of hoarded November another Bukharin sup­ the slaughter of the first world war. stocks of grain and forced grain loans porter, Uglanov, was removed from This tendency is represented today by was initiated. his position as secretary of the Mos­ the staunchly procapitalist social-dem­ By April 1928 the party leaders cow party organization. ocratic parties led by such figures as thought that their emergency measures Willy Brandt in West Germany and had been successful, and Stalin de­ Harold Wilson in Britain. clared that "the crisis has been sur­ The Third International was founded mounted." 'Against the Kulak' in 1919 under the leadership of the But new difficulties in grain collec­ The eleventh anniversary of the revo­ Bolshevik party of Lenin and Trotsky. tion caused a rapid reversion to the lution, in November 1928, was cele­ But with the rise of Stalinism in the "emergency measures." All grain ex­ brated by the Stalinist apparatus with 1920s, it was transformed into an ports were halted, bread rationing was slogans that had formerly been the appendage of the Soviet bureaucracy; instituted, and finally 250,000 tons watchwords of the Left Opposition. it was finally dissolved by Stalin in of grain had to be imported. Resis­ The official banners read: "The Dan­ 1943 as a gesture of friendship to BUKHARIN: First Stalin's ally, then dis­ ger is on the Right!"; "Strike Against graced as leader of the Right Opposition. tance to the requisitioning of grain his imperialist allies. was widespread. In the first half of the Kulak!"; "Curb the NEP-men!"; Under Stalin the parties of the Third 1 928, 150 scattered peasant rebellions and "Speed up Industrialization!" International, or Comintern, defended had to be quelled, and there was fear It was for carrying just such slogans the immediate foriegn policy of the than forming a new party. that the peasantry would refuse to sow only a year before that the Left Op­ Soviet bureaucrats, not the needs of The fight to reform the CPSU and enough seed for the next havest. positionists had been accused of orga­ the world revolution. Although today the other parties of the Comintern was nizing a counterrevolutionary demon­ there are pro-Moscow and pro-Peking the central orientation of the Left Op­ stration and had been expelled from Stalinist parties, owing their allegiance position until 1933. The Right Opposition the CPSU. to different national bureaucracies, in The Opposition argued that al­ These conditions sharpened the con­ While Stalin continued the process essence these parties follow this same though the Communif!t movement had flict that was already brewing in the of undercutting the Right Opposition policy. become bureaucratized and its ranks Politburo of the CPSU between Stalin's and deepening his new "left course," The third historic tendency in the miseducated, there was _no basis for faction and Bukharin, Rykov, and he refrained from any public attacks world working class movement is saying that this was irreversible. Only Tomsky. Trotsky had earlierpredicted on the Right Opposition leaders in Trotskyism. The Trotskyist move­ the test of great new events could de­ that since the two wings of the old the Politburo, and rumors of an im­ ment, represented by the Socialist cide this; in the meantime, the van­ pending rupture were repeatedly Workers Party and Young Socialist guard of the world proletariat was denied. He wanted no public break Alliance in the United States, and or­ concentrated in the ranks of the with Bukharin while Trotsky was still ganized around the world in the Comintern, and it was the job of the functioning as a rallying point for Fourth International, is the continu­ Left Opposition to reach theseworkers. the Left Opposition inside the USSR. ator of the revolutionary tradition and From his exile in Alma-Ata, an iso­ Stalin had to remove the threat posed program of Marxism. lated town in the far east of the Soviet by Trotsky. Still too insecure to riSk This year is the fortieth anniversary Union, Trotsky continued the work of Trotsky's imprisonment or murder, of the call to found the Fourth Inter­ organizing and leading the Left Op­ he decided on another course. On Jan. national, put forward by Trotsky in position. Between April and October 20, 1929, one year and three days 1933. An earlier series of articles in 1928 he wrote 800 political letters, after his exile to Alma-Ata, Trotsky The Militant described the degenera­ many of essay length. was informed of the order to deport' tion of the Communist Party of the him from the Soviet Union on the Soviet Union (CPSU), the struggle charge of counterrevolutionary activ­ against this degeneration led by Leon Economic crisis ity. Less than a month later, he arrived Trotsky, and the defeat of the Left While Trotsky was exiled in Alma­ in Turkey, and Stalin felt it safe to Opposition in the USSR. This series Ata, Stalin's troubles were mounting. proceed against the Right Opposition. will cover the history of the Left Oppo­ On top of the defeat of the Chinese The leaders of the Right Opposition sition in the period of 1928-33. revolution in 1927 as a result of his were condemned inside the CPSU cen­ Continuing the fight policies, and the continuing activity tral committee in April, and soon after of the Left Opposition, he was now they were publicly disgraced. In June When Trotsky and the others in the faced with an economic crisis. His 1929 Tom sky lost his position as head Left Opposition were expelled from reliance on the rich peasants (kulaks) of the Soviet trade unions; in July the CPSU at its fifteenth congress in to develop agriculture, and his sup­ Bukharin was removed from his post December 1927, they didn't give up port to industrial development "at a as president of the Comintern, and in their fight. They organized themselves snail's pace," had led the Soviet econ­ RYKOV: Another of Stalin's close asso­ November he was ousted from the as a faction of the official party, and omy into a dead end. ciates, accused of 'speculating on the Politburo. continued with the perspective of con­ The economic crisis in the winter economic difficulties of the Soviet power.' By this time the Soviet press had verting the CPSU to their views, rather of 1928 took the form of an artificial announced that the chairman of the shortage of grain. The harvest of Council of Peoples Commissars, 1926-27 had set a record, leaving the Politburo majority were consolidated Continued on page 26 peasantry better off than at any time by their common hostility to the Op­ since the revolution. However, as a position," and not by a common po­ result of Stalin's policies of downplay­ litical program, the defeat of the Left ing the need for planning and more Opposition "would inevitably accelerate FOR FURTHER rapid development of industry, there the conflict between them." was a shortage of industrial goods. The truth of this analysis was al­ With the next harvest, at the end ready apparent at the fifteenth party READ liB of 1927, the peasantry preferred to congress in December 1927. Having The following books by Leon Trotsky, the central leader of the International Left hoard grain, rather than sell it to expelled the Left Opposition, Stalin's Opposition, explain in greater depth the Soviet government for money that supporters now began to turn on Bu­ the issues in the fight against Stalinism. they couldn't buy clothes or tools with. kharin. Shatskin, one of Stalin's lieu­ Grain collections in November and De­ tenants, accused Bukharin of glossing e THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL ARER cember were less than half of what over the rightist errors of foreign com­ LENIN, 348 pp., $3.45 they had been the previous year, and munist parties, and held that "the Right e THE REVOLUTION BETRAYED: What the cities were threatened 'Yith famine. danger in the ranks of our supporters Is the Soviet Union? Where Is It Going?, The pr-ice of bread rose repeatedly, and of our parties is very great." 314 pp., $2.95 and long lines formed outside the bak­ This was a particularly pointed at­ e THE PERMANENT REVOLUTION eries. tack, since Bukharin had replaced Zin­ and RESULTS AND PROSPECTS, 282 The kulaks demanded access to in­ oviev as president of the Comintern pp., $2.75 dustrial goods on the world market two years before. By the time of the e THE STRUGGLE AGAINST FASCISM· and a steep increase in the price of meeting of the Comintern Executive IN GERMANY, 480 pp., $3.95 grain. At stake was the very survival Committee in February 1928, the of the Soviet regime. H carried out, "right-wing dang;:;:.-" was receiving al­ Order from: Pathfinder Press, Inc., STALIN: His policies led to economic such demands would have resulted most as niuch attention as the Left 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014 crisis. in the abandonment of the already Opposition. At the sixth congress of

THE MIUTANT/DECEMBER 28, 1973 25 trois remain? StUdents from Indonesia, Malaysia, Democratic Society, which tried this in There are two basic reasons for this and South Korea, although prevented the 1960s. SDS was led by "New Left" apparent contradiction in the policy from attending the conference because ideologists who thought they could ·Calendar and behavior of the union bureauc­ of government harassment, sent mes­ lump together the major tendencies LOS ANGELES racy. First is the conviction that it sages of solidarity. in the working-class movement-Sta­ 'REVOLUTION UNTIL VICTORY.' Film depicting is the responsibility of the employing · The theme of the conference was linism, including both its pro-Moscow the Palestinian struggle. Fri., Dec. 28, 8 p.m. class to govern; their part is to "help "The Students' Role in Solving Eco­ and Maoist forms; Social Democracy; 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave. Donation: $J. Ausp: out," to insist only that "workers must nomic Difficulties in Asia." In plans Militant Forum. For more Information call (213) and revolutionary socialism, i.e., -463-1917. . get a fair shake." Second is the belief for a region-wide campaign against Trotskyism- dub them the "Old Left," that rising wages somehow contribute Japanese imperialist penetration of and reject the whole package. to inflation. Union officials fear the ac­ Asia, protest actions have been sched­ This experiment died when SDS was cusation that they have abandoned the uled for Thailand, Indonesia, Malay­ shipwrecked on the rocks of an ideo­ economic stabilization program, that sia, and Singapore in January, when logical battle involving tendencies and they don't care about the economy, Japanese Premier Kakuei Tanaka arguments from the "Old Left," particu­ ... strikes that they are self-seekers interested at plans to tour those countries. After larly the Maoist variety of Stalinism. most in the narrow strata of work­ Continued from poge 15 the conference, about 70 delegates This experience showed that no new ers they profess to represent: not happen. Just the opposite. marched to the Japanese embassy and ideologies or new tendencies have de­ There are other reasons for their chanted, "Yankee-Japanese Go Home!." Members of Drug and Hospital veloped in the working-class move­ Union Local 1199, RWDS.U, walked treacherous behavior. They don't care "All Asian People Unite and Rise!," ment. Nor is it possible for long tore­ out According to Raskin's account much about the poor. They think it and "Down with Economic Invasion main neutral or stand aside from the Dunlop was very angry. He vowed is "politic" to sacrifice the needs of by the United States and Japan!" central ideological debates of thework­ not to call a CLC emergency meet­ low-paid and unorganized workers, The left-wing of the Thai student ers' movement As people radicalize ing nor to approve the hospital work­ about 75 percent of the work force, movement, which split away from the they end up gravitating to one of the ers' wage raise. in the hope that they can wheedle a more moderate NSCT, organized it­ three major international currents. A federal judge in New York im­ few marginal benefits for "their" union self into the Federation of Indepen­ No matter how much Arbona tries posed heavy fines on the striking members. dent Students of Thailand (FIST). The union and ordered Dunlop to hand With this basic outlook, it is no Dec. 12 Washington Post quoted one to avoid political discussion, -members down a decision "forthwith." The CLC wonder that the Meany gang has been FIST member as saying: "We could of the PSP are going to be continually decision on wages came quickly. It easily lured into the services of slick not work within the NSCT, because confronted with impQrtant develop­ reduced the wage increase to 6 per­ operators like Dunlop who devise they are unwilling to push hard ments in the worldwide class strug­ cent, or $9 weekly. The strikers were ways to serve the employers at the ex­ enough. They do not realize that get­ gle and with .the positions of all of the forced to return to work under these pense of the workers. ing rid of the military government radical organizations. They will feel conditions. The strikes that have broken out in is only the first step." pressure to take stands. Political dis­ During the entire week of the hos­ recent weeks, and others that are brew­ The Dec. 10 Far Eastern Economic cussion will end up taking place both pital strike not one of the top-rank­ ing, will crack the wage-control Review reported that FIST held its inside and outside the PSP despite Ar­ ing officials of the AFL-CIO or any machinery and probably lead to the first demonstration in late November bona's warning that this is "bookish ·international union demanded that the abandonment of Nixon's CLC. This at Thammasat University, protesting purity." CLC be brushed aside. Not one threat­ does not mean, however, that the em­ Thailand's oil crisis.. The Review ev~n ened to resign. Not one called for the ploying class will abandon its efforts speculated that if FIST's support con­ resignation of those who. served it to drive down the standard of living tinues to grow, it might be~ome What happened to the hospital work­ of the working class, or that the em­ stronger than the NSCT. ers is the established pattern. It has ployers won't find union officials to The president of FIST, Seksan Pra­ happened often before to others. This serve their needs. sertkul, went on a speaking tour of .. .left opp. is the· way "labor peace" is imposed. It does mean that the strike weapon, Thai communities in the United States Continued from page 25 Many workers are asking why the in the final showdown, is the only ef­ in early December. Rykov, "had speculated on the eco­ labor skates. play Dunlop's game. fective weapon of the working class. nomic difficulties of the Soviet power." Why don't those who sit as Nixon­ It remains for this weapon to be per­ Bukharin, it turned out, was "a con­ appointed advisers to the Cost of fected, and for a politically conscious ducting wire of bourgeois-liberal influ­ Living Council resign? This applies leadership to develop that knows how ences." not only to top bananas like Meany, to wield it. The leaders of the Right Opposition Fitzsimmons, and Woodcock. It ap­ ... PSP capitulated to Stalin, renouncing their plies to all the others who serve on Continued from page 23 views in the groveling terms that had the various industry panels, Raftery issues. No serious attempt is made to come to be expected of repentent dis­ on CISC and Greenberg on the health politically define the organization in sidents in what had once been the J)anel,. a. whole raft of them in similar relation to the major tendencies in the party of Lenin. spots. Why don't they bail out? ... Thailand working-class movement. Not unnaturally, Stalin's new ~­ When tbe entire union movement is Continued from page 21 The PSP is trying the shortcut ap­ nomic policies and his attacks on the officially calling for Nixon's impeach­ representatives from student groups proach to building a party by winning Right Opposition gave rise to the idea ment, why do these top-ranking union in Australia, Hong Kong, Cambodia, members on a minimal programmatic that he had decided to carry out the officials continue to serve loyally and Laos, and Singapore met with their agreement rather than to a strategy program of the Left Opposition. The dutifully on the Nixon-appointed Thai counterparts in Bangkok, at a based on decades of class-struggle ex­ next article wlll discuss exactly what wage-control boards?What is thegood conference- organized by the Nation­ perience. This method has always Stalin's new policies consisted of and of Nixon's resignation or impeach­ al Student Center ofThailand(NSCT); failed in the past. how the Left Opposition responded to ment if his antiunion government con- the largest Thai student organization. One example was the Students for a them. Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o Steve Shllveck, P. 0. IndianapoliS> YSA, c/o Dove Ellis, 309 E. Vermont, St. Louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: (314) 367-2520. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Col­ Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. 85281. Indianapolis, Ind. 46201. NEW JERSEY: N- Brunswiclc YSA, Box 445, Wood­ lege, Edinboro, Po. 16412. Tucson: YSA, c/o Tim Clennon, 1837 13th St., Tucson, KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P. 0. Box 952, University bridge, NJ. 07095. Tel: (201) 634-3076. Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, I 004 Filbert St., (one AriL 85719. Tel: (602) 623-1079. Station, Lexington, Ky. 40506. NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Cheri Wolcott, block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oaldand: SWP and YSA, 1849 MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, 2103 Belair Rd., Balti­ 714 Arno S.E., Albuquerque, N.M. 87102. Tel: (505) (215) WAS-4316. University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: (415) more, Md. 21213. Tel: (301) 732-8996. 243-1810. Pittsburgh: SWP and YSA, 304 S. Bouquet St., Pitts­ 548-0354. Cal lege Parle YSA, University P. 0. Box 73, U of Md., NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, Box I 073, Horpur burgh, Po. 15213. Tel: (412) 682-5019. Las Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western College Pork, Md. 20742. College, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901. Tel: (607) 7911-4142. TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, P.O. Box8476 Univer­ Ave, Los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213)463- MASSACHUSmS: Amherst: YSA, R. S. 0. Box 324, Brooldyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Wil­ sity station, Knoxville Tenn. 37916. Tel: (615)524-8967. 1917, YSA-(213) -463-1966. U of Moss., Amherst, Moss. 01002. loughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. Riverside: YSA, c/o University of Calif. Riverside, Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant labor Forum, Geneseo: YSA, State Univ. College at Geneseo, Col­ 1134 Library South, Riverside, Calif. 92507. 655 Atlantic Ave., Third Floor, Boston, Moss. 02111. lege Student Union Box 85, Geneseo, N.Y. 14454. Memphis: YSA, c/o Moryrose Eonnoce, ~I Win­ San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050, YSA-(617)482-BOSI;Issues long Island, YSA, 20 John St., Roosevelt, L.l., N.Y. chester Pk. Cr. '7, Memphis, Tenn. 38118; Tel: (901) El Cajon Blvd., Son Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) and Activists Speaker's Bureau (IASB) and Regional 11575. Tel: (615) FR9-0289. 365-2528. 280.1292. Committee- (617) 482-8052; Pathfinder Books-(617) N- York City- City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Brood­ Nashville: YSA, P.O. Box 67, Station B, Vanderbilt San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, 338-8560.. way (4th St.), Eighth. Floor, New York, N.Y. I 0003. University, Nashville, Tenn. 37212. Tel: (615) 383- and Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., Son Francisco, Worcester: YSA, P. 0. Box 229, Greendale Station, Tel: (212) 982-4966. 2583. Calif. 94103. Tel: (415) 864-9174. Worcester, Moss. 01606. lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore, TEXAS: Austin: YSA, SWP, Militant Bookstore, Harriet San Jose: YSA, c/o Glendo Horton, 1253 S. 7th St. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, cfo Marty Pettit, 219 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor,· New York, N.Y. Tubman Hall, 1801 Nueces, Austin, Texas 78701. Tel: '70, Son Jose, Calif. 95112. Tel: (408) 354-2373. N. State St., Ann Arbor, Mich. 48108. Tel: (313) 668- 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982-6051; Merit Books­ (512) 478-8602. Santa Barbara: YSA, 712 Bolton Walk '204, Go •to, 6334. (212) 982-5940. Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, 3311 Calif. 93017. Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene ·v. Debs Hall, 3737 Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 BrotJdwoy Mortrose, Houston, Texas 77006. Tel: (713) 526-1082. . COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant Book­ Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEI- (106th St.), New York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663- San Antonio: YSA, c/o P.O. Box 774, Son Antonio, store, 1203 California, Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 6135. 3000. Texas 78202. 623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.-Sot., I 0:30 a. m.-7 p.m. East Lansing: YSA, Second Roar Offices, Union Bldg. NORTH CAROLINA: Charlotte: YSA, c/o Gene Phil­ UTAH: Logan: YSA, P. 0. Box 1233, Utah State Unlver· CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, P. 0. Box 1184, Hart­ Michigan State University, East lansing, Mich. 48823. yow, 1023 Dorm '73 UNCC, Charlotte, N.C. 28213. sity, Logon, Utah 84321. fOrd, Conn. 06101. Tel: (203) 523-7582. Kdamazoo: YSA, c/o Gail Altenburg. 224 Douglas, Tel: (704) 537-3235. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 1345 E St. FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, Box U-6014, Tallahassee, Apt. 3, Kalamazoo, Mich. 49001. OHIO: Bowling Gre!ln: YSA, Box 27, U. Hall, Bowling N. W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D. C. 20004. Tel: SWP­ F.lo.32306. MI. Pleasant: YSA, P. 0. Box 98, Warriner Hall, CMU, Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402. (202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) 783-2363. , GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree Mt. Pleasant, Mich. 48858. Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box 32084, WASHINGTON: Bellingham: YSA, Viking Union Bldg., _­ St. N. E., Third Floor, Atlanta, Go. 30303. SWP and MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA, and Cincinnati, Ohio 45232. Tel: (513) 242-9043. Western Washington State College, Bellingham, Wash.~ YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Go. 30301. Tel: (404) Labor Bookstore, 25 University Ave. S. E., Mpls. 55413. Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., 98225. Tel: (206) 676-1893. 523-0610. Tel: (612) 332-7781. Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Tel: SWP-(216) 391-5553, Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5257.: ILUNOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 St. Cloud:_YSA, c/o Atwood Center, St. Cloud State YSA-(216) 391-3278. University ·way N. E., Seattle, Wash. 98105. Hrs. II S. Wabash, Filth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP­ College, St. Cloud, Minn. 56301. Cclumbus: YSA, c/o Margaret Von Epp, 670 a.m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sot. Tel: (206) 523-2555. (312) 939-0737, YSA-,(312) 427-0280, Pathfinder Books MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities. Cuyahoga Ct., Columbus, Ohio 43210. Tel:(614) 268- WIEST VIRGINIA: Huntington: YSA, c/o Marshall Unl-­ ..). (312) 939-0756. Office; U of Missouri at Kansas City, 51 00 Rockhill 7860._ ver~ty, Huntington, W. Vo. 25701. Tel: (301) 525-6323.-· ~INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, cfo Student ActlvjJies Rood, Konsos City, Mo. 64110. OREGON: Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stork, WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o James Levitt, 145_' De.lr,. l11diono University, Bloomington, Ind. 4740.1. St. louis:. SWP and YSA, -4660 Maryland,- Suite 17, Filth Fla_or, Portland, Ore. 97204.Jel: (503) 226-2715. __ N. Butler, Madison, Wis. 53703. (6.08).251-5716. · IIOW AVAILABLE In the Dec. -Jan; FROM VIEWPOIIIT: YOUNG SOCIALIST SPEAKERS FOR In reply ta RADICAL CHAIIGE Sha~:kley, Jensen and ather ra~:ists

Why sa~:ialists are This book documents a paHern of Watergate-style secret-police operations suing Diaan used by Republican and Democratic administrations alike to disrupt, jail and 1 For a free brochure or to arrange ·an physically aHack dissenters. Watergate: The View from the Left presents a engagement on your campus or before socialist analysis of what this scandal reveals about capitalist society and a strategy for fighting back. Debate: your organization, contact: View point, P. 0. Box 220, Old Chelsea Station, An unprecedented legal battle has begun with the suit against Nixon and NewYork, N.Y.lOOll (212)255-9£29. Zionism and officials and former officials of his administration brought by the Socialist Workers Party and the Young Socialist Alliance. This suit launched a cam­ paign to expose the government's attac=ks and to mobilize public pressure the Arab to defend the rights of dissenters. 96 pp., cloth $5.00, paper $1.25. revolution • Special Offer: 5 paper copies for $5. Help get the word out on this impor­ tant civil liberties campaign. ( ) Enclosed is $1 for six Sell The months Order from: Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014 ( ) Enclosed is 52 for one Militant year (11 issues). Help The Militant get around by tak­ ( ) I would like to order ing a regular weekly bundle to sell on a bundle of __YOUNG your campus, at your job, or near where you live. The cost is 17 cents SOCIALISTS a month each, and we bill you at the end of at 12 1/2 cents per each month. copy. l want to take a sales quota of __ . Send me a weekly bundle of __. SOCIRLISM ON TRIRL NAME ______Name ______ADDRESS ______by James P. Cannon CITY ___ STATE_ZIP_ Address ------'------For their political opposition to World War II, eighteen leaders of the Socialist Workers Party and the Minneapolis Teamster Local 544 were convicted of viola­ YOUNG SOCIALIST, Box City------tion of the Smith "Gag" Act. This new edition of Socialism on Trial features James 471 Cooper Station, P. Cannon's official court testimony, a classic statement of socialist aims and a State Zip ____ New York, N.Y. 10003. model for civil liberties cases. A debate between Cannon and Grandizo Munis, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. a Spanish revolutionary, over the proper defense policy for revolutionists has 10014 been included. 192 pp., paper $2.25.

Order From: Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014 Does capitalism--...... bug you? in the Dec. International Socialist Review Join the Young Watergate and the White House: Socialist From Kennedy Alliance! The Young Socialist Alliance is a multi-national revolutionary youth organiza­ Nixon and tion. We stand for fundamentally changing society by fighting against racism, sexism and the exploitation of working people. Our goal is a socialist society, democratically controlled by the majority of people- not by a handful of powerful bankers and millionaires. We know that a better world is not only possible, but Be~nd ts absolutely necessary. Join us in the fight. by Lis Evans

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27 THE MILITANT What UFW is up_against • • r1 1ness vs.

By MIRTA VIDAL fornia are Safeway, the third largest Part of the campaign to crush the food chain in the country; Dow Chem­ United Farm Workers' organizing ef­ ical, which owns t\le Bud Antle com­ forts has been to depict the growers pany; and Purex, which controls a ma­ as innocent victims in a jurisdictional jor portion of the lettuce market dispute between the Teamsters union The Bank of America, the largest and the UFW. agricultural lender, finances the bulk Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz, of these operations. It also discrimi­ for example, tried to conjure up such nates in favor of the agribusiness an image when he asserted, "it is not giants, often refusing loans to small fair for a farmer to work all year farmers. to produce a crop that can be wiped For these giant corporations, farm­ out in a two-week strike." ing accounts for only a small por­ In reality the struggle of the farm tion of their overall profits. This en­ workers is not against small ables them to claim they are taking farmers looking out for their own a loss on some operations in order interests, or even against large farm to conceal the real profits made in corporations alone. It is a bitter fight the entire process and obtain lucra­ for survival against one of the richest tive tax breaks. and most powerful forces in the U.S. It also means that-far from being economy: the system of farming con­ ''wiped out in a two-week strike"- they glomerates known as agribusiness. can afford to take a certain loss caused Comprising this are the handful of by a strike or boycott. This under­ giant corporations that own vast lines the importance of a massive, sus­ tracts of land and control most of the tained boycott campaign if these food industry. giants are to be brought to terms. Most of tP.e two and a half million Boycott activists often hear the plea farm workers in this country, the ma­ from big supermarkets that they jority of whom are Chicanos, Blacks, should not be boycotted just for carry­ and Puerto Ricans, are employed by ing non-UFW lettuce and grapes. They these agribusiness conglomerates. One claim to be innocent victims of the con­ association of farmers, with some flict between the farm workers and 1,000 members, claims to employ the growers- omitting the fact that about 80 percent of the entire farm they are often part of the same corpor­ labor force, according to testimony ation, if not direct employers of farm before a U.S. Senate committee. workers themselves. Farm workers are one of the lowest paid sectors of the American labor Power of agribusiness force. They suffer wretched working Militant/Peggy Bunn The concentration of wealth in the conditions and racist oppression. They Striking farm workers confront Kern County cops. Agribusiness uses local cops as hands of a few corporations means, are forced to live in shacks, often with­ private army to try to crush United Farm Workers Union. in turn, a concentration of power. The out heat or running water. ChilQ. tentacles of agribusiness are far-reach­ labor, supposedly a relic of the past, ing in the politics of California, for is still common in the fields. example, one of the biggest agricul­ growers pocket an extra $3-billion a through two processes. One has been Through the superexploitation of tural states. year from the discrepancy between a consistent trend toward ''horizontal" farm workers these conglomerates Local governments of many small farm workers' wages and the prevail­ expansion, that is, large food corpora­ reap millions of dollars in profits. In farm towns are completely controlled ing wages in industry. tions swallowing up smaller farmers 1971, 1.4 million farm workers in this by agribusiness interests, with thesher­ and corporations. country earned an average of $1,576. Monopoly control of the food indus­ iffs and police literally acting as pri­ In an article entitled "This Land is It has been estimated that the try by agribusiness has developed vate armies for the growers. Their Land" in the July 1972, Ram­ Just before the 1972 elections, agri­ parts, Larry Casalino points out that business put its power to work to get by 1969 "just 2 percent of U.S. farms a union-busting measure on the No­ made 30 percent of all farm sales, Tenneco: a billionaire farmer vember ballot, aimed at destroying the and 5 ·percent made more than half." One of the "farmers" the United land, fel'tilized and sprayed with UFW. Proposition 22, defeated in the Roughly 40 percent of the cropland Farm Workers are struggling chemicals from its own chemical elections, would have practically nulli­ in California is owned by less than against is Tenneco, the thirty-fourth division, using its own tractors fied the right to organize, to negotiate one-tenth of 1 percent of the farms. largest conglomerate in the U. S., fueled with gas and oil from its own a contract, to strike, or to carry out oil wells and refineries. The food is which owns more than 300,000 But another phenomenon develop­ boycotts. processed, packaged, and dis­ acres of California land. ing at a swift pace is the trend toward The campaign to promote Proposi- _ tributed by Teneco subsidiaries." "vertical integration"- ownership and tion 22 was sponsored by the so-called (Larry Casalino, July 1972 Ram­ In 1967 Tenneco acquired the control by one giant conglomerate of Fair Labor Practices Committee, a parts.) It has recently developed its Kern County Land Company, Cal­ every step from farming through front for the California Farm Bureau own brand name: Sun Giant. ifornia's third largest landowner. processing to distribution and retail­ Federation- an association of the big­ Three years later it took control of In 1970 Tenneco had gross reve­ ing. gest growers in the state. The Cali­ Heggblade-Marguleas, the nation's nues of $2.5-billion and assets of A large portion of the food we eat fornia Agricultural Conference, pre­ largest marketer of fresh fruits and $4.3-billion. Its profit from farming today is brought to us by such busi­ viously a lobbying outfit, poured more and land development that year was vegetables. ness empires as Boeing, Good Year than $150,000 into the project. $22-million. This is the kind of agri­ Tenneco is a classic example of Tire and Rubber, Standard Oil ofCali­ While Governor Ronald Reagan has the "vertically integrated" food cor­ business giant that is out to destroy fornia, and Southern Pacific. been a faithfui servant of agribusiness, the United Farm Workers. poration. "Tenneco plows its own Among the biggest "farmers" in Cali- Continued on page 22

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