DOCSLIB.ORG

A Trajetória Da Internet No Brasil: Do Surgimento Das Redes De Computadores À Instituição Dos Mecanismos De Governança

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Trajetória Da Internet No Brasil: Do Surgimento Das Redes De Computadores À Instituição Dos Mecanismos De Governança A TRAJETÓRIA DA INTERNET NO BRASIL: DO SURGIMENTO DAS REDES DE COMPUTADORES À INSTITUIÇÃO DOS MECANISMOS DE GOVERNANÇA Marcelo Sávio Revoredo Menezes de Carvalho DISSERTAÇÃO SUBMETIDA AO CORPO DOCENTE DA COORDENAÇÃO DOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO COMO PARTE DOS REQUISITOS NECESSÁRIOS PARA A OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE MESTRE EM CIÊNCIAS DE ENGENHARIA DE SISTEMAS E COMPUTAÇÃO. Aprovada por: ______________________________________________ Prof. Henrique Luiz Cukierman, D.Sc. ______________________________________________ Prof. Cláudio Thomas Bornstein, Dr.Rer.Nat. ______________________________________________ Prof. Ivan da Costa Marques, Ph.D. ______________________________________________ Prof. Michael Anthony Stanton, Ph.D. RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ – BRASIL SETEMBRO DE 2006 CARVALHO, MARCELO SÁVIO REVOREDO MENEZES DE A trajetória da Internet no Brasil: do surgimento das redes de computadores à instituição dos mecanismos de governança [Rio de Janeiro] 2006 XX, 239 p. 29,7 cm (COPPE/UFRJ, M.Sc., Engenharia de Sistemas e Computação, 2006) Dissertação – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE 1. História da Internet 2. Estudos de Ciência e Tecnologia 3. Redes Sociotécnicas 4. Internet. 5. Informática I. COPPE/UFRJ II. Título (série) ii DEDICATÓRIA Ao professor Nery Machado Filho ( in memorian ), da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, que insistia em dizer que eu “tinha jeito” para contar histórias da informática, e acabou por me fazer acreditar... iii AGRADECIMENTOS A minha filha Ângela Cristina, pela paciência e amor incondicional que demonstrou pelo pai que decidiu fazer mestrado no ano que ela veio ao mundo. A minha esposa Márcia, pelo grande apoio, compreensão e conforto carinhosamente oferecidos ao longo da elaboração deste trabalho. Aos meus pais, pelo incentivo ao desenvolvimento da minha carreira na área de Informática, a qual me proporcionou vivenciar parte das experiências aqui relatadas. To my friend John Maas, who helped me to get most of the books I’ve used during my bibliographical research (Ao meu amigo John Maas, que me ajudou a conseguir a maioria dos livros que usei durante minha pesquisa bibliográfica). Aos professores Henrique Cukierman e Ivan Marques, que me mostraram uma nova forma, sociotécnica, de se olhar Ciência & Tecnologia, e sobre a qual ainda tenho muito que aprender. A todos os entrevistados, pela colaboração e boa vontade no fornecimento de informações sem as quais esse trabalho teria sido impossível. Em especial ao Paulo Aguiar e Michael Stanton que, além das entrevistas, me confiaram seus arquivos e registros pessoais, verdadeiras relíquias que tentei, ao máximo, aproveitar. Ao Benito Piropo, Carlos Afonso e Michael Stanton, que através da divulgação de alguns dos meus trabalhos anteriores, estimularam-me, ainda mais, a seguir na pesquisa que resultou nessa dissertação. A Creuza Stephen pela competência e paciência nas inúmeras revisões, e por ter desempenhado o papel de personal firewall paras as normas técnicas de redação. Ao meu orientador, professor Henrique Cukierman, pela aposta que fez ao aceitar um aluno com dedicação em tempo parcial, e também por toda a colaboração e boa vontade dispendiados ao longo de quase quatro anos de trabalho em conjunto. iv Resumo da Dissertação apresentada à COPPE/UFRJ como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências (M.Sc.) A TRAJETÓRIA DA INTERNET NO BRASIL: DO SURGIMENTO DAS REDES DE COMPUTADORES À INSTITUIÇÃO DOS MECANISMOS DE GOVERNANÇA Marcelo Sávio Revoredo Menezes de Carvalho Setembro/2006 Orientador: Henrique Luiz Cukierman Programa: Engenharia de Sistemas e Computação Descreve a implantação da Internet no Brasil como uma construção sociotécnica, a saber, como resultado, de um conjunto de técnicas, atos regulatórios, iniciativas acadêmicas, investimentos estratégicos do Estado e seus agentes, ações mercadológicas de empresas e esforços do terceiro setor. Inicia com um histórico das redes de computadores, desde o seu surgimento nos Estados Unidos nos anos sessenta, ainda nos domínios do “mundo fechado” dos projetos militares, descreve as questões acerca do movimento de padronização das redes, apresenta as mais diversas iniciativas de conectividade, em vários setores da sociedade brasileira, e chega à implantação da Internet comercial, em meados dos anos noventa, culminando com a instituição dos mecanismos de governança da rede no Brasil. v Abstract of Dissertation presented to COPPE/UFRJ as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) THE INTERNET TRAJECTORY IN BRAZIL: FROM THE DAWN OF COMPUTER NETWORKING TO THE INSTITUTION OF ITS GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS Marcelo Sávio Revoredo Menezes de Carvalho September/2006 Advisor: Henrique Luiz Cukierman Department: Systems and Computer Engineering This work describes the deployment of the Internet in Brazil, as a sociotechnical construction, result of a set of regulatory acts, academic initiatives, strategic investments of the government and its agents, marketing actions of companies and efforts of the third sector. It initiates with a historical account of computer networks, starting from their roots in the United States in the sixties, still within the domain of the “closed world” of military projects, examines the issues of the networking standards movements, describes a variety of networking initiatives in Brazil and reaches the deployment of the commercial Internet in the mid-nineties, culminating in the institution of governance mechanisms of this network in Brazil. vi SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO . 1 CAPÍTULO 1 − Computadores de todo o mundo: Uni-vos! . 6 CAPÍTULO 2 − As batalhas de padronização . 37 CAPÍTULO 3 - A formação da Sociedade da Informação no Brasil . 51 CAPÍTULO 4 − O enredamento da academia brasileira. 74 CAPÍTULO 5 – O Empurrão do Terceiro Setor . 107 CAPÍTULO 6 − A Web, a Internet comercial e a regulamentação da rede no Brasil . 126 CONCLUSÃO . 154 REFERÊNCIAS . 156 NOTAS ADICIONAIS E DE TRADUÇÃO . 170 ANEXO I – Polêmica: inventores reivindicam paternidade da rede . 185 ANEXO II – Cópia da ata da primeira reunião do Conselho Diretor da BRISA em 1988. 186 ANEXO III – Cópia do Certificado de participação da Professora Liane Tarouco no Seminário de Redes de Computadores, 1973 . 187 ANEXO IV – Ata de reunião na USP . 188 ANEXO V – Carta da NSF e da DARPA autorizando o Acesso da UFRJ à Internet, 1987 . 206 ANEXO VI – Cópia de documento sobre a RCT. 207 ANEXO VII – Grafo de atividades da RNP para o segundo semestre de 1990 . 209 ANEXO VIII – Estratégia de desenvolvimento em espiral da RNP. 210 ANEXO IX – Guia preparatório para a reunião da conferência da ONU . 211 ANEXO X – A rede APC em 1997 . 217 ANEXO XI - O controle do namespace no ciberespaço . 218 ANEXO XII – Lista de entrevistados . 239 vii LISTA DE SIGLAS ABC Agência Brasileira de Cooperação ABIA Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS ABICOMP Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Computadores ABINEE Associação Brasileira da Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica ABNT Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas ACM Association for Computing Machinery ACTP Advanced Computer Techniques Project ADS Advanced Decision Systems ADURGS Associação das Universidades do Rio Grande do Sul AHC Internet Ad Hoc Committee AIM Association for Interactive Marketing AIRDATA Serviço Internacional de Comunicação de Dados Aeroviários AIU Conferência da Associação Internacional de Universidades ALICE America Latina Interconectada con Europa AMB Associação Médica Brasileira AMRC Asia Monitor Research Centre ANATEL Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações ANPI Associação Nacional dos Provedores Internet ANS Advanced Network and Services ANSP Academic Network at São Paulo ANT Actor-Network Theory ANTIOPE Acquisition Numérique Télévisée d'Images Organisées em Pages d'Ecriture ANV Associação Nacional de Fornecedores de Serviço de Videotexto AOL America On-Line AP Ação Popular APC Association for Progressive Communications APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Centre ARC Augmentation Research Center ARIN American Registry for Internet Numbers ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency AS Autonomous System ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange viii ASN Autonomous Systems Number ASO Address Supporting Organization ASTA Advanced Software Technology and Algorithms AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph AUP Acceptable Use Policy AUTODIN Automatic Digital Newtork BARRNet Bay Area Regional Research NETwork BBN Bolt Beranek and Newman BBS Bulletin Board System BGP Border Gateway Protocol BIREME Biblioteca Regional de Medicina; Centro Latino-Americano de Informações em Ciência da Saúde (a partir de 1982) BITNET Because It’s Time Network BNDES Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social BoF Birds of a feather BOL Brasil on-line BRAINS BRAzilian Information Network for Science BRASCII Código Brasileiro para Intercâmbio de Informação BRHR Basic Research and Human Resources BRISA Sociedade Brasileira para Interconexão de Sistemas Abertos BSD Berkeley Software Distribution BSI British Standards Institute BVRJ Bolsa de Valores do Rio de Janeiro CACEX Carteira de Comércio Exterior CalTech California Institute of Technology CAPES Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPRE Coordenação das Atividades de Processamento Eletrônico de Dados CAT Comitê de Assessoramento Técnico CBBS Computer Bulletin Board System CBT Código Brasileiro de Telecomunicações CCE Centro de Computação Eletrônica CCIRN Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LACTLD REPORT the Latin American and Caribbean Cctld Publication
    ISSN: 2301-1025 2nd year, 3rd edition twitter.com/lactld facebook.com/LACTLD LACTLD REPORT The Latin American and Caribbean ccTLD publication ANOTHER YEAR OF GROWTH AND CHANGES The Internet is constantly evolving. So are its challenges. The opportunities for development, participation and representation of stakeholders in the region encourage us to face 2014 with high expectations. IETF, by two regional technical experts Address: Rbla Rep. de México 6125, CP 11400, Security: personal data protection in Latin America Montevideo, Uruguay Tel.: + 598 2604 2222* (General Contact) Email: [email protected] www.lactld.org Enhanced cooperation and Internet governance EDITORIAL STAFF CONTINUED COLLABORATION: LACTLD Report LACTLD REPORT FIRST ANNIVERSARY 3rd edition 2nd year, 2013 Dear Readers, Board of Directors Eduardo Santoyo Another year ends – with plenty Luis Arancibia of debates, discussions and Víctor Abboud joint efforts to stimulate the Clara Collado ccTLD growth, both within and Frederico Neves outside the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. In Editorial Board Eduardo Santoyo this letter I would like to thank Luis Arancibia you all for your hard work and Clara Collado also invite you to continue Carolina Aguerre sharing the rewarding task of promoting Registry cooperation General Coordination and development during 2014. Marilina Esquivel The third issue of the LACTLD Report contains various articles and piece of news. A relevant announcement Editorial assistant is that the publication is now catalogued under the ISSN system, which will Sofía Zerbino enable to index and reference globally. In terms of the information, there is Art & Design information about ICANN’s new Engagement Center in Latin America and the Frida Caribbean, which opened in Montevideo, Uruguay and it aims to increase the representation of diverse stakeholders within the scope of this organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Users Per 100 Inhabitants
    5. SECTION ON PERSONAL DATA ON THE INTERNET 5.1 Introduction: The context of conditions of access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Latin America The conditions of access to and use of information and communication technology (ICT) differ substantially in developed countries and in the developing world. While the former are concerned with issues related to network use, for the latter, universal access continues to be a challenge present on the agenda of their public policies and governments.40 Historically, the use of the Internet in Latin America begins in 1996 and evolves slowly: in 1998, less than 1% of the population was connected (Hilbert, 2001,) a figure that represented the highest- income individuals. As of that year, the percentage of the Latin American population on the Internet began to expand and rapidly evolve, reaching 9.9 million in 2000, a number that jumped to 60.5 million in 200541. Graph 13 shows the evolution of the number of Brazilian and Mexican Internet users from 2000 to 2010: Graph 13: Number of Internet users per 100 inhabitants Internet users per 100 inhabitants 40 A research project of the UNCTAD performed in 2002 in 51 countries shows the differences between these two groups of countries with regard to the strategies used to develop their information society. A concern with awareness, training and education appear repeatedly in both groups. However, the developed countries tend to prioritize regulatory and legal aspects, while the developing countries prioritize the development of infrastructure and the universalization of access (UNCTAD, 2002). 41 E-Marketer data available at: www.emarketer.com/Reports/All?Latam_aug06.aspx.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quilt Circle 2015
    The quilt Circle National Regional Networks Consortium ...Advanced regional networking in support of research and education 2015 Edition A Letter from the President This year’s edition of The Quilt Circle is bursting with projects and programs enabled by the regional research and education networks that comprise our Quilt membership. Naturally, The Quilt is proud of the positive impact our member networks and organizations have on the communities they serve. Our annual publication gives us the opportunity to showcase the work of our members and highlight the collective impact each have on the institutions they serve and support across the nation. Given the depth and breadth of our members’ work, it can be challenging to select a single image that effectively captures and communicates its impact. This year’s cover, the image of DNA strands, is truly a fitting one to represent the work of our regional research and education network community. For those of you already familiar with the work of the regional research and education (R&E) network in your area and for those who are just learning about them for the first time in The Quilt Circle, you will quickly learn that our R&E networking DNA is indeed unique. It is in our R&E networking DNA to ensure our community of connected institutions are able to access advanced networking capabilities, tools and services when and how they need it, with the best possible performance so that the network is not an impediment to scientific progress. It is in our DNA for our networking organizations to be driven by the interests of our user communities to enable these institutions to fulfill their promise and mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom on the Net 2011 1 F H
    REEDOM OUSE Freedom on the Net 2011 1 F H BRAZIL 2009 2011 INTERNET FREEDOM Free Free POPULATION: 193.3 million INTERNET PENETRATION 2009: 39 percent STATUS 0 Obstacles to Access 9 7 WEB 2.0 APPLICATIONS BLOCKED: No SUBSTANTIAL POLITICAL CENSORSHIP: No Limits on Content 8 7 BLOGGERS/ONLINE USERS ARRESTED: No Violations of User Rights 13 15 PRESS FREEDOM STATUS: Partly Free Total 30 29 INTRODUCTION For a country with large social and economic disparities, Brazil has made significant gains in expanding internet access and mobile-phone usage in recent years. As of 2009, it was home to the largest population of internet users in Latin America and the fourth largest in the world.1 The country first connected to the internet in 1990, and connectivity is now available in most areas through a variety of technologies, though some infrastructural limitations remain.2 Several legal and judicial actions threatened free online expression in 2009 and 2010. There is an ongoing trend in which private litigants and official bodies sue internet- service providers (ISPs) and other internet companies, such as Google, and send take-down notices to blogging and social-networking platforms, such as Orkut. However, pending legislation would formalize an appeals process for such actions. In recent years, civic participation through internet media has increased, including in 3 response to the proposed Civil Rights Framework for the Internet in Brazil. Moreover, 1 International Telecommunications Union (ITU), “ICT Statistics 2009—Internet,” http://www.itu.int/ITU- D/icteye/Reporting/ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic&ReportFormat=HTML4.0& RP_intYear=2009&RP_intLanguageID=1&RP_bitLiveData=False.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Hall of Fame Announces 2013 Inductees
    Internet Hall of Fame Announces 2013 Inductees Influential engineers, activists, and entrepreneurs changed history through their vision and determination Ceremony to be held 3 August in Berlin, Germany [Washington, D.C. and Geneva, Switzerland -- 26 June 2013] The Internet Society today announced the names of the 32 individuals who have been selected for induction into the Internet Hall of Fame. Honored for their groundbreaking contributions to the global Internet, this year’s inductees comprise some of the world’s most influential engineers, activists, innovators, and entrepreneurs. The Internet Hall of Fame celebrates Internet visionaries, innovators, and leaders from around the world who believed in the design and potential of an open Internet and, through their work, helped change the way we live and work today. The 2013 Internet Hall of Fame inductees are: Pioneers Circle – Recognizing individuals who were instrumental in the early design and development of the Internet: David Clark, David Farber, Howard Frank, Kanchana Kanchanasut, J.C.R. Licklider (posthumous), Bob Metcalfe, Jun Murai, Kees Neggers, Nii Narku Quaynor, Glenn Ricart, Robert Taylor, Stephen Wolff, Werner Zorn Innovators – Recognizing individuals who made outstanding technological, commercial, or policy advances and helped to expand the Internet’s reach: Marc Andreessen, John Perry Barlow, Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder, François Flückiger, Stephen Kent, Henning Schulzrinne, Richard Stallman, Aaron Swartz (posthumous), Jimmy Wales Global Connectors – Recognizing individuals from around the world who have made significant contributions to the global growth and use of the Internet: Karen Banks, Gihan Dias, Anriette Esterhuysen, Steven Goldstein, Teus Hagen, Ida Holz, Qiheng Hu, Haruhisa Ishida (posthumous), Barry Leiner (posthumous), George Sadowsky “This year’s inductees represent a group of people as diverse and dynamic as the Internet itself,” noted Internet Society President and CEO Lynn St.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Infrastructures for School Networking: Current Models and Prospects
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 349 957 IR 015 693 AUTHOR Newman, Denis; And Others _TITLE Local Infrastructures for School Networking: Current Models and Prospects. Technical Report No. 22. INSTITUTION Center for Technology in Education, New York, NY. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC.; National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE May 92 CONTRACT 1-135562167-Al; MDR-9154006 NOTE 30p. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO" Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Communications; Comparative Analysis; *Computer Networks; Educational Change; Educational Technology; Elementary Secondary Education; *Futures (of Society); Information Networks; *Local Area Networks; Microcomputers; *Models; *Telecommunications IDENTIFIERS *Wide Area Networks ABSTRACT This paper identifies a paradigm shift that must take place in school networking. The ultimate goal is to retool the schools with a local technical infrastructure that gives teachersand students immediate access to communication systems andinformation resources, thereby supporting the implementation of advancesin pedagogy and educational technology. The current notionof telecomputing cannot address the information requirements locally within the school and, ultimately, will fragment and inhibit any move toward universal access to information resources. A technologyis needed that combines local and wide area networking(LAN and WAN), making access to remote resources part of the everyday work with school computers. This report contains the following sections: (1) The Problem: Combining Local and Wide Area Communication--facts about the current state of school networks and the dissociation of school LANs and WANs;(2) A Brief History of Network Technology;(3) A Convergence of School LAN's and WAN's--integrating and simplifying a school internetwork;(4) Current Models of School LAN-WAN Connectivity--a comparison of six models; and (5) Prospects for the Future.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    INTERNET FOR ALL Proceedings of the Third Internet Governance Forum Hyderabad, India 3-6 December 2008 Edited by Don MacLean General Table of Contents Message by Sha Zukang, Under-Secretary-General, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) ……………………..i Introduction……………………………………………………………...……….ii Preface ......................................................................................................... 1 Setting the Scene ....................................................................................... 5 Opening Ceremony, 3 December 2008.....................................................6 Opening Session, 3 December 2008.......................................................16 Part 1 – Reaching the Next Billion.............................................................. 34 Chairman’s Summary of the Main Sessions..........................................35 Panel Discussion on Realizing a Multilingual Internet .........................39 Panel Discussion on Access...................................................................50 Open Dialogue on Reaching the Next Billion ........................................67 Reports of Workshops, Best Practice Forums, Open Forums and Dynamic Coalitions ..................................................................................84 Part 2 – Promoting Cyber-security and Trust ........................................... 117 Chairman’s Summary of Main Sessions ..............................................118 Panel Discussion on Dimensions of Cyber-security
    [Show full text]
  • Law and Internet in Brazil
    Special series Law and internet in Brazil Sérgio Branco Introduction This series is written by Sérgio Branco for canadian site DroitDu.net. In eight articles the director of ITS Rio aproaches diferent topics about Brazilian internet law, from the removal of contents on Youtube to questions regarding the “right to be forgotten” and net neutrality. The texts are translated to portuguese and published in ITS FEED, the content channel of Instituto de Tecnologia e Sociedade do Rio. Summary How a top model helped to regulate Brazilian Internet 04 Is it possible to crowdsource a law? 07 What are you liable for? 11 Why Brazil Needs a New Copyright Law 15 Nine Questions Regarding “the Right to Be Forgotten” 20 Net Neutrality: You Love it, even if you don’t Really Know what it is 25 Brazilian Internet is Partly Free 30 The Futures of the Internet 34 Special Series: Law and Internet in Brazil How a top model helped to regulate In 2006, Brazilian top model and tv presenter Brazilian Internet Daniella Cicarelli was spending some time with her boyfriend on a beach at Cadiz, south of Spain. On a sunny day and a public beach, with many sunbathers around the couple, they ended performing some intimate moments inside the sea. The event was recorded in details and soon after it was everywhere on the internet. The interest in Daniella Cicarelli was not surprising. In the year before, she got married to Ronaldo, aka Ronaldo Fenômeno, one of most famous Brazilian soccer players in the world. By that time, he played for Real Madrid, and she was a famous model.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Telecom Meltdown
    4 The Internet Boom and the Limits to Growth Nothing says “meltdown” quite like “Internet.” For although the boom and crash cycle had many things feeding it, the Internet was at its heart. The Internet created demand for telecommunications; along the way, it helped create an expectation of demand that did not materialize. The Internet’s commercializa- tion and rapid growth led to a supply of “dotcom” vendors; that led to an expec- tation of customers that did not materialize. But the Internet itself was not at fault. The Internet, after all, was not one thing at all; as its name implies, it was a concatenation [1] of networks, under separate ownership, connected by an understanding that each was more valuable because it was able to connect to the others. That value was not reduced by the mere fact that many people overesti- mated it. The ARPAnet Was a Seminal Research Network The origins of the Internet are usually traced to the ARPAnet, an experimental network created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense, in conjunction with academic and commercial contrac- tors. The ARPAnet began as a small research project in the 1960s. It was pio- neering packet-switching technology, the sending of blocks of data between computers. The telephone network was well established and improving rapidly, though by today’s standards it was rather primitive—digital transmission and switching were yet to come. But the telephone network was not well suited to the bursty nature of data. 57 58 The Great Telecom Meltdown A number of individuals and companies played a crucial role in the ARPAnet’s early days [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Distr. GENERAL LC/G.2491 25 April 2011 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH
    Distr. GENERAL LC/G.2491 25 April 2011 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH REPORT OF THE THIRD MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Lima, 21–23 November, 2010 2011-270 2 CONTENTS Paragraph Page A. ATTENDANCE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE MEETING .......................... 1-6 3 Place and date of the meeting ................................................................................ 1 3 Attendance ............................................................................................................. 2-3 3 Organization of the meeting .................................................................................. 4 3 Election of officers and adoption of the agenda .................................................... 5-6 3 B. SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS ........................................................................ 7-40 4 Annex 1 - Lima Declaration ......................................................................................... - 11 Annex 2 - Plan of Action for the Information and Knowledge Society in Latin America and the Caribbean (eLAC2015) .......................................... - 14 Annex 3 - List of participants ....................................................................................... - 27 3 A. ATTENDANCE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE MEETING Place and date of the meeting 1. The third Ministerial Conference on the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean, held in Lima from 21 to 23 November 2010, was convened by the Executive Secretary of the Economic
    [Show full text]
  • Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX
    Abkürzungs-Liste ABKLEX (Informatik, Telekommunikation) W. Alex 1. Juli 2021 Karlsruhe Copyright W. Alex, Karlsruhe, 1994 – 2018. Die Liste darf unentgeltlich benutzt und weitergegeben werden. The list may be used or copied free of any charge. Original Point of Distribution: http://www.abklex.de/abklex/ An authorized Czechian version is published on: http://www.sochorek.cz/archiv/slovniky/abklex.htm Author’s Email address: [email protected] 2 Kapitel 1 Abkürzungen Gehen wir von 30 Zeichen aus, aus denen Abkürzungen gebildet werden, und nehmen wir eine größte Länge von 5 Zeichen an, so lassen sich 25.137.930 verschiedene Abkür- zungen bilden (Kombinationen mit Wiederholung und Berücksichtigung der Reihenfol- ge). Es folgt eine Auswahl von rund 16000 Abkürzungen aus den Bereichen Informatik und Telekommunikation. Die Abkürzungen werden hier durchgehend groß geschrieben, Akzente, Bindestriche und dergleichen wurden weggelassen. Einige Abkürzungen sind geschützte Namen; diese sind nicht gekennzeichnet. Die Liste beschreibt nur den Ge- brauch, sie legt nicht eine Definition fest. 100GE 100 GBit/s Ethernet 16CIF 16 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format) 16QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 1GFC 1 Gigabaud Fiber Channel (2, 4, 8, 10, 20GFC) 1GL 1st Generation Language (Maschinencode) 1TBS One True Brace Style (C) 1TR6 (ISDN-Protokoll D-Kanal, national) 247 24/7: 24 hours per day, 7 days per week 2D 2-dimensional 2FA Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung 2GL 2nd Generation Language (Assembler) 2L8 Too Late (Slang) 2MS Strukturierte
    [Show full text]
  • Sophie Toupin
    Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Paolo Bory, Gianluigi Negro, Gabriele Balbi u.a. (Hg.) Computer Network Histories. Hidden Streams from the Internet Past 2019 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/13576 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Teil eines Periodikums / periodical part Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Bory, Paolo; Negro, Gianluigi; Balbi, Gabriele (Hg.): Computer Network Histories. Hidden Streams from the Internet Past, Jg. 21 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/13576. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: https://doi.org/10.33057/chronos.1539 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0/ Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0/ License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ PAOLO BORY, GIANLUIGI NEGRO, GABRIELE BALBI (EDS.) COMPUTER NETWORK HISTORIES COMPUTER NETWORK HISTORIES HIDDEN STREAMS FROM THE INTERNET PAST Geschichte und Informatik / Histoire et Informatique Computer Network Histories Hidden Streams from the Internet Past EDS. Paolo Bory, Gianluigi Negro, Gabriele Balbi Revue Histoire et Informatique / Zeitschrift Geschichte und Informatik Volume / Band 21 2019 La revue Histoire et Informatique / Geschichte und Informatik est éditée depuis 1990 par l’Association Histoire et Informatique et publiée aux Editions Chronos. La revue édite des recueils d’articles sur les thèmes de recherche de l’association, souvent en relation directe avec des manifestations scientifiques. La coordination des publications et des articles est sous la responsabilité du comité de l’association.
    [Show full text]