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OECD Telecommunication and Broadcasting Review of Brazil 2020 Brazil 2020 Brazil of Review Broadcasting and Telecommunication OECD OECD Telecommunication and Broadcasting Review of azil 2020 Br OECD Telecommunication and Broadcasting Review of Brazil 2020 OECD Telecommunication and Broadcasting Review of Brazil 2020 This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2020), OECD Telecommunication and Broadcasting Review of Brazil 2020, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/30ab8568-en. ISBN 978-92-64-31744-4 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-93255-5 (pdf) Photo credits: Cover © Sarunyu_foto/Shutterstock; © ElenVD/Shutterstock. Corrigenda to publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2020 The use of this work, whether digital or print, is governed by the Terms and Conditions to be found at http://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions. FOREWORD 3 Foreword The OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (DSTI) carried out this study under the auspices of the Committee on Digital Economy Policy (CDEP) and the Working Party of Communication Infrastructures and Services Policy (WPCISP). The Government of Brazil requested the study through the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações, MCTIC)1 and the National Telecommunications Agency (Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações, Anatel). Both entities represent Brazil at the CDEP and the WPCISP. The OECD Telecommunication and Broadcasting Review of Brazil draws on responses by the Brazilian authorities to a questionnaire and on the results of an extensive series of interviews with major communication stakeholders. The WPCISP reviewed the report on 29 May 2020, with Camilla Bustani and Claire Lyons (United Kingdom), and Jonathan Levy and Tracey Weisler (United States) as lead peer reviewers. It was finalised on 5 June 2020, and reflects developments in the institutional framework in Brazil up to that time. The drafting team for the report included the OECD Secretariat, as well as the following external experts: Pablo Márquez and Diana Castiblanco Narváez, both from the firm Márquez, Barrera, Castañeda & Ramírez (Colombia); Ernesto Flores-Roux, associate professor at Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (Mexico); and Scott Marcus, senior fellow at Bruegel (Belgium). The OECD team comprised Verena Weber, Lorrayne Porciuncula, Alexia González Fanfalone, Maximilian Reisch and Frédéric Bourassa from the Digital Economy Policy Division, headed by Audrey Plonk under the overall direction of Andrew Wyckoff, Director of Science, Technology and Innovation. This publication also benefited from contributions by Jeremy West and Sarah Ferguson at the Digital Economy Policy Division (OECD). In addition, the chapter on taxation benefited from the review by Bert Brys and his team at the OECD Centre for Tax Policy. Mark Foss, Angela Gosmann and the OECD Public Affairs and Communications Directorate undertook editorial work. The team acknowledges our delegates from the WPCISP, chaired by Bengt Mölleryd (Sweden), for their guidance and contributions. The review was made possible by support from MCTIC and Anatel and their staff who kindly replied to questionnaires, received the review team for meetings, organised an extensive series of interviews with major stakeholders and contributed their valuable input to the draft of this publication. The OECD Secretariat wishes to thank Vitor Elisio Góes De Oliveira Menezes, Secretary of Telecommunication at MCTIC; Chairman Leonardo Euler de Morais, President of Anatel; and their staff, in particular Artur Coimbra De Oliveira, Helio Mauricio Miranda da Fonseca from MCTIC and Taís Maldonado Niffinegger and Victor Muniz Estevam Dias from Anatel. The OECD also wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the Brazilian Delegation to International Economic Organizations in Paris for its support.2 1 On 10 June 2020, the President of Brazil announced the recreation of the Ministry of Communications (MC), which had existed prior to 2016, when it became MCTIC. At the moment of finalising this report, the implications of this newly re-created ministry for the overall institutional framework where still being discussed in Brazil. The present report only reflects changes in the institutional framework up to 5 June 2020. 2 On 15 May 2020, the OECD Council invited Costa Rica to become a Member. At the time of preparation of this publication, the deposit of Costa Rica’s instrument of accession to the OECD Convention was pending and therefore Costa Rica does not appear in the list of OECD Members and is not included in the OECD zone aggregates reported. OECD TELECOMMUNICATION AND BROADCASTING REVIEW OF BRAZIL 2020 © OECD 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Table of Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ 3 List of acronyms, abbreviations and units of measure ..................................................................... 11 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 17 Findings ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 18 1. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 19 Assessment of the Brazilian communication and broadcasting frameworks ..................................... 20 Recommendations for the future ........................................................................................................ 23 References .......................................................................................................................................... 49 Notes .................................................................................................................................................. 52 2. Background on the telecommunication and broadcasting sectors .............................................. 55 Background on the Brazilian telecommunication sector ................................................................... 56 Background on the broadcasting and pay TV sectors in Brazil ......................................................... 66 References .......................................................................................................................................... 71 Notes .................................................................................................................................................. 73 3. Market developments ...................................................................................................................... 75 Developments in the communication sector in Brazil ....................................................................... 76 Availability and quality of communication services .......................................................................... 81 Prices and usage of communication services ..................................................................................... 90 Essential inputs for communication infrastructures ........................................................................... 95 Competition in fixed and mobile markets ........................................................................................ 107 Developments in the broadcasting sector and pay TV in Brazil ...................................................... 111 References ........................................................................................................................................ 121 Notes ................................................................................................................................................ 127 4. Institutional framework ................................................................................................................ 129 Overview of institutions involved in the telecommunication and broadcasting sectors .................. 130 References ........................................................................................................................................ 146 Notes ................................................................................................................................................ 150 5. Communication policy and regulation ........................................................................................ 153 Policy and regulatory framework for the communication sector in Brazil ...................................... 154 Consumer protection .......................................................................................................................
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