Avaya Aura® Communication Manager Hardware Description and Reference
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Ig¾a Corporate Plan
In the beginning … water covered the Earth. Out of the water emerged an island, a single giant mass of land; an ancient supercontinent called Pangaea. Over billions of years, tectonic forces broke Pangaea apart, dividing the supercontinent into ever distant land masses: Africa, Eurasia, Australasia, North and South America. As the land masses drifted farther apart, so too did the people who inhabited them. Huge bodies of water, time and space, separated people from their friends, family, loved ones and partners in trade. Until now… Igæa: (eye-jee-uh) n: “i” mod. (interconnected; internet; idea); “Gaea” Grk. (earth; land). 1) The new supercontinent; a virtual place created through light speed communications; 2) Interconnected Earth; everywhere at once, omnipresent; 3) A global Internet Protocol (IP) communications network carrying streaming digital voice, video and data, transcending physical barriers, to bring all the people of the world togeth- er in one virtual place at any time. Important Information Confidential This corporate plan and all of its contents were produced internally by Igæa. For more information contact: Kirk Rittenhouse Manz, CEO Igæa 119 Windsor Drive Nashville, Tennessee 37205 E-mail [email protected] Telephone 615/353-9737 Facsimile 615/353-9521 www.igaea.com 2nd Quarter 2000 This business plan is provided for purposes of information and evaluation only. It does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of securities, offers to buy or any other interest in the business. Any such offering will be made only by appropriate documents and in accordance with applicable State and Federal laws. The information contained in this document is absolutely confidential and is intend- ed only for persons to whom it is transmitted by the Company and to their imme- diate business associates with whom they are required to confer in order to prop- erly evaluate this business opportunity. -
A Survey of Resource Allocation Techniques for Cellular Network's
electronics Review A Survey of Resource Allocation Techniques for Cellular Network’s Operation in the Unlicensed Band Mohammedhusen Manekiya 1 , Abhinav Kumar 2 , Ashish Yadav 3 and Massimo Donelli 1,* 1 Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India; [email protected] 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-3297-00-4115 Received: 1 August 2020; Accepted: 27 August 2020; Published: 7 September 2020 Abstract: With an ever increasing demand for data, better and efficient spectrum operation has become crucial in cellular networks. In this paper, we present a detailed survey of various resource allocation schemes that have been considered for the cellular network’s operation in the unlicensed spectrum. The key channel access mechanisms for cellular network’s operation in the unlicensed bands are discussed. The various channel selection techniques are explored and their operation explained. The prime issue of fairness between cellular and Wi-Fi networks is discussed, along with suitable resource allocation techniques that help in achieving this fairness. We analyze the coverage, capacity, and impact of coordination in LTE-U systems. Furthermore, we study and discuss the impact and discussed the impact of various traffic type, environments, latency, handover, and scenarios on LTE-U’s performance. The new upcoming 5G New Radio and MulteFire is briefly described along with some of the critical aspects of LTE-U which require further research. -
Ece585 Lec2.Pdf
ECE 485/585 Microprocessor System Design Lecture 2: Memory Addressing 8086 Basics and Bus Timing Asynchronous I/O Signaling Zeshan Chishti Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer Science Source: Lecture based on materials provided by Mark F. Basic I/O – Part I ECE 485/585 Outline for next few lectures Simple model of computation Memory Addressing (Alignment, Byte Order) 8088/8086 Bus Asynchronous I/O Signaling Review of Basic I/O How is I/O performed Dedicated/Isolated /Direct I/O Ports Memory Mapped I/O How do we tell when I/O device is ready or command complete? Polling Interrupts How do we transfer data? Programmed I/O DMA ECE 485/585 Simplified Model of a Computer Control Control Data, Address, Memory Data Path Microprocessor Keyboard Mouse [Fetch] Video display [Decode] Printer [Execute] I/O Device Hard disk drive Audio card Ethernet WiFi CD R/W DVD ECE 485/585 Memory Addressing Size of operands Bytes, words, long/double words, quadwords 16-bit half word (Intel: word) 32-bit word (Intel: doubleword, dword) 0x107 64-bit double word (Intel: quadword, qword) 0x106 Note: names are non-standard 0x105 SUN Sparc word is 32-bits, double is 64-bits 0x104 0x103 Alignment 0x102 Can multi-byte operands begin at any byte address? 0x101 Yes: non-aligned 0x100 No: aligned. Low order address bit(s) will be zero ECE 485/585 Memory Operand Alignment …Intel IA speak (i.e. word = 16-bits = 2 bytes) 0x107 0x106 0x105 0x104 0x103 0x102 0x101 0x100 Aligned Unaligned Aligned Unaligned Aligned Unaligned word word Double Double Quad Quad address address word word word word -----0 address address address address -----00 ----000 ECE 485/585 Memory Operand Alignment Why do we care? Unaligned memory references Can cause multiple memory bus cycles for a single operand May also span cache lines Requiring multiple evictions, multiple cache line fills Complicates memory system and cache controller design Some architectures restrict addresses to be aligned Even in architectures without alignment restrictions (e.g. -
Printmgr File
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F (Mark One) ‘ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR È ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended 31 December 2020 OR ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR ‘ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company report For the transition period from to Commission file number 001-38303 WPP plc (Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Jersey (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Sea Containers, 18 Upper Ground London, United Kingdom, SE1 9GL (Address of principal executive offices) Andrea Harris Group Chief Counsel Sea Containers, 18 Upper Ground, London, United Kingdom, SE1 9GL Telephone: +44(0) 20 7282 4600 E-mail: [email protected] (Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act. Title of each class Trading Symbol (s) Name of each exchange on which registered Ordinary Shares of 10p each WPP London Stock Exchange American Depositary Shares, each WPP New York Stock Exchange representing five Ordinary Shares (ADSs) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. Not applicable (Title of Class) Not applicable (Title of Class) Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act. -
Reverse Engineering X86 Processor Microcode
Reverse Engineering x86 Processor Microcode Philipp Koppe, Benjamin Kollenda, Marc Fyrbiak, Christian Kison, Robert Gawlik, Christof Paar, and Thorsten Holz, Ruhr-University Bochum https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity17/technical-sessions/presentation/koppe This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium August 16–18, 2017 • Vancouver, BC, Canada ISBN 978-1-931971-40-9 Open access to the Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium is sponsored by USENIX Reverse Engineering x86 Processor Microcode Philipp Koppe, Benjamin Kollenda, Marc Fyrbiak, Christian Kison, Robert Gawlik, Christof Paar, and Thorsten Holz Ruhr-Universitat¨ Bochum Abstract hardware modifications [48]. Dedicated hardware units to counter bugs are imperfect [36, 49] and involve non- Microcode is an abstraction layer on top of the phys- negligible hardware costs [8]. The infamous Pentium fdiv ical components of a CPU and present in most general- bug [62] illustrated a clear economic need for field up- purpose CPUs today. In addition to facilitate complex and dates after deployment in order to turn off defective parts vast instruction sets, it also provides an update mechanism and patch erroneous behavior. Note that the implementa- that allows CPUs to be patched in-place without requiring tion of a modern processor involves millions of lines of any special hardware. While it is well-known that CPUs HDL code [55] and verification of functional correctness are regularly updated with this mechanism, very little is for such processors is still an unsolved problem [4, 29]. known about its inner workings given that microcode and the update mechanism are proprietary and have not been Since the 1970s, x86 processor manufacturers have throughly analyzed yet. -
Computer Architectures an Overview
Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements. -
Modern Processor Design: Fundamentals of Superscalar
Fundamentals of Superscalar Processors John Paul Shen Intel Corporation Mikko H. Lipasti University of Wisconsin WAVELAND PRESS, INC. Long Grove, Illinois To Our parents: Paul and Sue Shen Tarja and Simo Lipasti Our spouses: Amy C. Shen Erica Ann Lipasti Our children: Priscilla S. Shen, Rachael S. Shen, and Valentia C. Shen Emma Kristiina Lipasti and Elias Joel Lipasti For information about this book, contact: Waveland Press, Inc. 4180 IL Route 83, Suite 101 Long Grove, IL 60047-9580 (847) 634-0081 info @ waveland.com www.waveland.com Copyright © 2005 by John Paul Shen and Mikko H. Lipasti 2013 reissued by Waveland Press, Inc. 10-digit ISBN 1-4786-0783-1 13-digit ISBN 978-1-4786-0783-0 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Table of Contents PrefaceAbout the Authors x ix 1 Processor Design 1 1.1 The Evolution of Microprocessors 2 1.21.2.1 Instruction Digital Set Systems Processor Design Design 44 1.2.2 Architecture,Realization Implementation, and 5 1.2.3 Instruction Set Architecture 6 1.2.4 Dynamic-Static Interface 8 1.3 Principles of Processor Performance 10 1.3.1 Processor Performance Equation 10 1.3.2 Processor Performance Optimizations 11 1.3.3 Performance Evaluation Method 13 1.4 Instruction-Level Parallel Processing 16 1.4.1 From Scalar to Superscalar 16 1.4.2 Limits of Instruction-Level Parallelism 24 1.51.4.3 Machines Summary for Instruction-Level -
CHERI Concentrate: Practical Compressed Capabilities
1 CHERI Concentrate: Practical Compressed Capabilities Jonathan Woodruff, Alexandre Joannou, Hongyan Xia, Anthony Fox, Robert Norton, Thomas Bauereiss, David Chisnall, Brooks Davis, Khilan Gudka, Nathaniel W. Filardo, A. Theodore Markettos, Michael Roe, Peter G. Neumann, Robert N. M. Watson, Simon W. Moore Abstract—We present CHERI Concentrate, a new fat-pointer compression scheme applied to CHERI, the most developed capability-pointer system at present. Capability fat pointers are a primary candidate to enforce fine-grained and non-bypassable security properties in future computer systems, although increased pointer size can severely affect performance. Thus, several proposals for capability compression have been suggested elsewhere that do not support legacy instruction sets, ignore features critical to the existing software base, and also introduce design inefficiencies to RISC-style processor pipelines. CHERI Concentrate improves on the state-of-the-art region-encoding efficiency, solves important pipeline problems, and eases semantic restrictions of compressed encoding, allowing it to protect a full legacy software stack. We present the first quantitative analysis of compiled capability code, which we use to guide the design of the encoding format. We analyze and extend logic from the open-source CHERI prototype processor design on FPGA to demonstrate encoding efficiency, minimize delay of pointer arithmetic, and eliminate additional load-to-use delay. To verify correctness of our proposed high-performance logic, we present a HOL4 machine-checked proof of the decode and pointer-modify operations. Finally, we measure a 50% to 75% reduction in L2 misses for many compiled C-language benchmarks running under a commodity operating system using compressed 128-bit and 64-bit formats, demonstrating both compatibility with and increased performance over the uncompressed, 256-bit format. -
Intel® 80303 and 80302 I/O Processors
Intel® 80303 and 80302 I/O Processors Specification Update March 2007 Notice: The Intel® 80303 and 80302 I/O Processors may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Order Number: 273355-011US INFORMATIONLegal Lines and Disclaimers IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, life sustaining, critical control or safety systems, or in nuclear facility applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined.” Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The information here is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this information. The products described in this document may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. -
3690-2021-01-08.Pdf
FOUNDER & PUBLISHER Kowie Geldenhuys EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Paulo Coutinho www.macaudailytimes.com.mo FRIDAY T. 7º/ 13º Air Quality Bad MOP 8.00 3690 “ THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’ ” N.º 08 Jan 2021 HKD 10.00 THE MEDIA OUTLET PLATAFORMA GOVERNMENT CONSIDERS MAJOR SHAREHOLDER URGES MGM HAS TEMPORARILY SUSPENDED RESORTS TO SELL 20% OF ITS MACAU THE OPERATION OF THEIR ONLINE LAUNCHING THIRD FINANCIAL OPERATION TO CHINESE FIRMS IN LISBON NEWSROOM STIMULUS MEASURES OPEN LETTER P4 P3 P2 AP PHOTO EVA BUCHO EVA China Two former journalists were convicted of defaming a third STABLE AND journalist by publishing an account accusing him of sexual misconduct. A court in Hangzhou ruled that the evidence provided by Zou Sicong and He Qian against prominent IMPROVINGSecretary for Economy and Finance Lei Wai Nong journalist Deng Fei was “not enough to allow forecasts that Macau economy will be ‘stable and someone to firmly believe P3 without any hesitation improving’ in 2021 that what was described truly happened.” The court ordered He and Zou to pay 11,712 yuan in damages. They plan to appeal the ruling. AP PHOTO Japan has declared a state of emergency for Tokyo and three nearby areas as coronavirus cases continue to surge, hitting a daily record of 2,447 in the capital. Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga issued the declaration at the government task force for the coronavirus. It kicks in today until Feb. 7, and centers around asking restaurants and bars to close at 8 p.m. and people to stay home and not mingle in crowds. -
The Future of Chinese Travel the Global Chinese Travel Market
The Future of Chinese Travel The Global Chinese Travel Market A report by Oxford Economics for InterContinental® Hotels Group (IHG®) 1 Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 6 1 Background 8 2 Global destinations for Chinese travel 16 3 Chinese Traveller Spending 28 4 Additional Opportunities 38 5 Conclusion And Recommendations 46 Annex: Global City Travel Data Tables 50 – breakdown by country Annex: City Calculation Methodology 66 2 3 • Robust income growth and expansion of China’s • Leisure tourism comprises an increasing share middle class will make long-haul travel more of Chinese travel demand. Currently, leisure achievable for Chinese households. The number accounts for 59% of total Chinese travel and of Chinese households earning above $35,000 per tourism spending. By 2023, the leisure share of annum – a key income level at which international total Chinese outbound tourism will reach 62%. travel becomes more affordable – rose by 21 With the growing popularity of leisure travel to the million from 2003 to 2013. An additional 61 million US and Europe, these long-haul destinations will households will pass this threshold by 2023. experience greater travel flows from China. • Already, Chinese travellers are ranked among • Cities are the primary destinations of Chinese the top spenders on a per-trip and per-night travellers, with over 85% of Chinese outbound basis. Redistribution of Chinese households travel to major cities around the world. Excluding Executive Summary toward the middle and upper income classes SAR destinations, 70% of outbound travel from will raise the value of Chinese travellers to China is to major cities. As income growth drives international destinations as preferences continue up tourism demand, this preference will fuel robust their shift toward long-haul travel, higher-cost growth in Chinese travel to major city destinations, accommodations and upscale shopping. -
I960 CA/CF Microprocessor User's Manual
i960® CA/CF Microprocessor User’s Manual March 1994 Order Number: 270710-003 Intel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document nor does it make a commitment to update the information contained herein. Intel retains the right to make changes to these specifications at any time, without notice. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications before placing your product order. MDS is an ordering code only and is not used as a product name or trademark of Intel Corporation. Intel Corporation and Intel's FASTPATH are not affiliated with Kinetics, a division of Excelan, Inc. or its FASTPATH trademark or products. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Additional copies of this document or other Intel literature may be obtained from: Intel Corporation Literature Sales P.O. Box 7641 Mt. Prospect, IL 60056-7641 or call 1-800-879-4683 © INTEL CORPORATION 1994 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 i960® MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE ............................................................ 1-1 1.1.1 Parallel Instruction Execution .................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.2 Full Procedure Call Model ....................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.3 Versatile Instruction Set and Addressing ................................................................ 1-3 1.1.4 Integrated Priority Interrupt